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Journal articles on the topic "Urban transportation Victoria Melbourne"

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Gharehbaghi, Koorosh, Bambang Trigunarsyah, and Addil Balli. "Sustainable Urban Development." International Journal of Strategic Engineering 3, no. 2 (July 2020): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijose.2020070104.

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Due to Melbourne's ongoing growth, there is continuous pressure on its transportation infrastructure. Further, to maintain its position as one of the most livable cities in the world, Melbourne needs to always look at ways to optimize technology and lifestyle while being conscious of its effects on the environment in order to encourage a sustainable development agenda. Such a stance is part of Melbourne's future sustainable urban development strategy including ‘Melbourne 2017-2050.' As a part of such strategy, this article discusses the possibility of underground urban structures (UUS) to further alleviate Melbourne's continuous urban development problems. Four case studies, Lujiazui, Hongqiao, Montreal, and Helsinki, were studied. These four case studies have some comparability with Melbourne's CBD. Particularly, both Montreal and Helsinki have relevance to Melbourne which is appealing. Predominantly, these two cities' main objective of UUS matches that of Melbourne's long-term urban planning goals. Noticeably, improving the livability along with reducing building operational costs are central to Melbourne's 2017-2050 planning and beyond. According to Melbourne 2017-2050, as a sustainable urban development focus, the city's high livability needs to be maintained together with finding alternative ways to reducing building operational costs. This research would thus serve as a springboard to further investigate the UUS for Melbourne city.
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Lu, Jie, Chaojie Liu, and Michael Buxton. "THE IMPACT OF URBAN GROWTH BOUNDARIES IN MELBOURNE ON URBAN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT." Engineering Heritage Journal 5, no. 1 (March 16, 2021): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/gwk.01.2021.34.41.

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The consensus of using the compact city as a model for urban sustainable development has inevitably led to governments restricting outer urban expansion as an urban management tool. Urban growth boundaries (UGBs) have become one of the most widely used policy tools to achieve this goal. To evaluate the impact of UGBs on urban sustainable development in Melbourne, Australia, we compare the temporal and spatial changes of population, dwelling density, and growth before and after the implementation of the UGB policy in the Melbourne metropolitan area. The results indicate that, since the implementation of the UGB policy, the urban population, dwelling density, and growth have significantly accelerated; however, nearly half of the new population is located on the urban fringe. Based on the pressure of population growth, the UGB in Melbourne has been adjusted frequently, which has reduced its binding force on urban growth. Herein, we focus on the reasons for amendments to the Melbourne UGB, namely, urban density and the intensity of urban land use and compare the UGB policies of the Melbourne and Portland, Oregon (USA), metropolitan areas. We argue that the state government should restrict urban growth boundaries and increase urban density. At the same time, UGB policy must be coordinated with broader government policy, such as urban land use, urban transportation, and environmental planning, and a mechanism should be established to release land supply in defined areas. In addition, governments should expand public participation in the UGB amendment process and in supporting the implementation of the UGB policy
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Eastwood, Kathryn, Dhanya Nambiar, Rosamond Dwyer, Judy A. Lowthian, Peter Cameron, and Karen Smith. "Ambulance dispatch of older patients following primary and secondary telephone triage in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia: a retrospective cohort study." BMJ Open 10, no. 11 (November 2020): e042351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042351.

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BackgroundMost calls to ambulance result in emergency ambulance dispatch (direct dispatch) following primary telephone triage. Ambulance Victoria uses clinician-led secondary telephone triage for patients identified as low-acuity during primary triage to refer them to alternative care pathways; however, some are returned for ambulance dispatch (secondary dispatch). Older adult patients are frequent users of ambulance services; however, little is known about the appropriateness of subsequent secondary dispatches.ObjectivesTo examine the appropriateness of secondary dispatch through a comparison of the characteristics and ambulance outcomes of older patients dispatched an emergency ambulance via direct or secondary dispatch.DesignA retrospective cohort study of ambulance patient data between September 2009 and June 2012 was conducted.SettingThe secondary telephone triage service operated in metropolitan Melbourne, Victoria, Australia during the study period.ParticipantsThere were 90 086 patients included aged 65 years and over who had an emergency ambulance dispatch via direct or secondary dispatch with one of the five most common secondary dispatch paramedic diagnoses.Main outcome measuresDescriptive analyses compared characteristics, treatment and transportation rates between direct and secondary dispatch patients.ResultsThe dispatch groups were similar in demographics, vital signs and hospital transportation rates. However, secondary dispatch patients were half as likely to be treated by paramedics (OR 0.51; CI 0.48 to 0.55; p<0.001). Increasing age was associated with decreasing treatment (p<0.005) and increasing transportation rates (p<0.005).ConclusionSecondary triage could identify patients who would ultimately be transported to an emergency department. However, the lower paramedic treatment rates suggest many secondary dispatch patients may have been suitable for referral to alternative low-acuity transport or referral options.
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Walter, Susan M. "Victorian Bluestone: a proposed Global Heritage Stone Province from Australia." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 486, no. 1 (September 20, 2018): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp486.1.

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AbstractVictorian Bluestone is proposed as a Global Heritage Stone Province from Australia. Numerous heritage stones occur within this province and of these Malmsbury Bluestone is suggested as a Global Heritage Stone Resource. Bluestone, an iconic basalt dimension stone from Victoria, is used domestically and internationally with a recognized heritage value. Sources are located in urban and country areas of Victoria some of which are still utilized for dimension stone. In many instances bluestone has superior technical characteristics, including durability, that surpass high-quality commercial sandstones, despite an architectural preference for lighter-coloured stones. These characteristics are matched by the diversity of significant uses for domestic, commercial and infrastructure purposes especially in Victoria. Notable examples include the Spotswood Pumping Station, Malmsbury Viaduct, the Graving Dock (Williamstown), Malmsbury Reservoir, St Patrick's Cathedral (Melbourne), Kyneton Railway Station and Ararat Gaol. If the bluestone used in pavements and drains is also considered, Victorian Bluestone could be described as Australia's most prominent infrastructure heritage stone. Bluestone use in Melbourne dates from the 1840s, in the other states of Australia and in New Zealand from 1873, with international interest from Asia between 1860 and 1880. The stone continues to be utilized widely around Australia and is also exported.
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Nourmohammadi, Fatemeh, Mohammadhadi Mansourianfar, Sajjad Shafiei, Ziyuan Gu, and Meead Saberi. "An Open GMNS Dataset of a Dynamic Multi-Modal Transportation Network Model of Melbourne, Australia." Data 6, no. 2 (February 19, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/data6020021.

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Simulation-based dynamic traffic assignment models are increasingly used in urban transportation systems analysis and planning. They replicate traffic dynamics across transportation networks by capturing the complex interactions between travel demand and supply. However, their applications particularly for large-scale networks have been hindered by the challenges associated with the collection, parsing, development, and sharing of data-intensive inputs. In this paper, we develop and share an open dataset for reproduction of a dynamic multi-modal transportation network model of Melbourne, Australia. The dataset is developed consistently with the General Modeling Network Specification (GMNS), enabling software-agnostic human and machine readability. GMNS is a standard readable format for sharing routable transportation network data that is designed to be used in multimodal static and dynamic transportation operations and planning models.
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Entwisle, TJ. "Phenology of the Cladophora-Stigeoclonium community in Two Urban Creeks of Melbourne." Marine and Freshwater Research 40, no. 5 (1989): 471. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9890471.

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Cladophora glomerata and Stigeoclonium tenue dominate lowland urban creeks in the Yarra River basin of south-central Victoria. In Darebin and Merri Creeks, Cladophora produces extensive mats in summer and autumn, and is mostly replaced by Stigeoclonium in winter and spring. Although Stigeoclonium can grow all year round, it only outcompetes Cladophora in winter and spring, when air temperatures range between a maximum of < 15� C and a nightly minimum of < 10� C (water temperature < 15� C, usually about 10� C). The seasonal composition and abundance of these macroalgae depend on temperature and on the severity of, and time since, the last floods, and the effect that these factors have on interspecific competition. Features of the microhabitat (e.g. photon irradiance, substratum stability and composition, and mean flow rates) determine the range of these variations. The biomass of both macroalgae fluctuates widely; this is due mainly to floods, which can remove almost the entire standing crop. In off-seasons, both species are maintained by small resilient plants or protected populations (in culture, plants remain viable after up to 6 months in complete darkness). Filaments of Cladophora readily produce zoospores and new vegetative growth following dormancy. The prostrate thallus of Stigeoclonium initiates new erect filaments before zoospores are produced. An understanding of the large local and seasonal variations in macroalgal biomass is essential for biological monitoring programmes.
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Phillips, D. I. "A new litter trap for urban drainage systems." Water Science and Technology 39, no. 2 (January 1, 1999): 85–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0091.

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Litter is generated in shopping areas and is washed or blown into stormwater drainage systems. These convey the litter to open water bodies leading to the accumulation of non-biodegradable litter on the banks and beaches of urban waterways and bay foreshores. The increasing public awareness of the problem prompted the State Government of Victoria to provide funding to develop an innovative patented litter trap known as the In-line Litter Separator (ILLS). The ILLS is retrofitted to the drainage system downstream of shopping areas and removes litter and other pollutants from the passing stormwater. In a two-year development program, ten prototypes were installed and tested in the Melbourne and metropolitan area. The results were so successful that the ILLS is now manufactured in Australia and overseas under license from Swinburne University. This paper presents the performance criteria, the design concepts, the outcomes of laboratory and hydrologic modelling and the analyses of prototype test results that led to the commercial production of the ILLS.
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Kinuthia-Njenga, Cecilia, and Charles Ndungu. "Addressing The Hiv/Aids and Urban Development Nexus in the Lake Victoria Region." Open House International 33, no. 4 (December 1, 2008): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-04-2008-b0003.

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UN-HABITAT's experiences in the Lake Victoria region and Sub-Saharan Africa show that the underlying causes of the HIV/AIDS epidemic and its consequences on urban development must be urgently and comprehensively addressed. The epidemic affects all sectors of urban development, including housing, transportation, water, and access to health services. Development agencies, whose mission is urban development, have thus started to recognise that achieving their objectives is difficult without addressing and mitigating the impact of the epidemic. A comprehensive policy and programming is required to mitigate both the spread and the effects of the epidemic. Consequently, UN-HABITAT, working with partners and city authorities around Lake Victoria, has embarked on an HIV/AIDS mainstreaming strategy in its Slum Upgrading and Poverty Reduction programme. Related activities and lessons are presented.
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Swamikannu, X., D. Radulescu, R. Young, and R. Allison. "A comparative analysis: storm water pollution policy in California, USA and Victoria, Australia." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 7-8 (April 1, 2003): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0704.

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Urban drainage systems historically were developed on principles of hydraulic capacity for the transport of storm water to reduce the risk of flooding. However, with urbanization the percent of impervious surfaces increases dramatically resulting in increased flood volumes, peak discharge rates, velocities and duration, and a significant increase in pollutant loads. Storm water and urban runoff are the leading causes of the impairment of receiving waters and their beneficial uses in Australia and the United States today. Strict environmental and technology controls on wastewater treatment facilities and industry for more than three decades have ensured that these sources are less significant today as the cause of impairment of receiving waters. This paper compares the approach undertaken by the Environmental Protection Authority Victoria for the Melbourne metropolitan area with the approach implemented by the California Environmental Protection Agency for the Los Angeles area to control storm water pollution. Both these communities are largely similar in population size and the extent of urbanization. The authors present an analysis of the different approaches contrasting Australia with the USA, comment on their comparative success, and discuss the relevance of the two experiences for developed and developing nations in the context of environmental policy making to control storm water and urban runoff pollution.
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Rosenbloom, Sandra, and Jennifer Morris. "Travel Patterns of Older Australians in an International Context: Policy Implications and Options." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1617, no. 1 (January 1998): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1617-26.

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International data and data from a major household travel survey undertaken in Melbourne, Victoria—the Victorian Activity Travel Survey (VATS)—are used to address the following questions: ( a) to what extent can older people meet their own transportation needs when they cannot drive, and ( b) what special safety concerns are raised now and in the future by the growing number of older drivers. VATS data show that Australian travel patterns parallel those observed in other developed countries: older people are increasingly more reliant on the car. The number of trips that will be lost when they must give up or reduce driving is substantial. Policy makers must start now to understand the dimension of the problem and the ways in which it can be addressed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urban transportation Victoria Melbourne"

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Mizukami, Tetsuo. "New urban ethnicity : Japanese sojourner residency in Melbourne." Monash University, Dept. of Anthropology and Sociology, 1999. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8556.

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Stone, John Andrew. "Political factors in the rebuilding of mass transit an investigation of failure in Melbourne since 1970 through comparisons with Perth and Vancouver /." Swinburne Research Bank, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/36049.

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Thesis (PhD) - Institute for Social Research, Swinburne University of Technology, 2008.
Thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Institute for Social Research, Swinburne University of Technology, 2008. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 251-273).
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Nicholls, Philip Herschel. "A review of issues relating to the disposal of urban waste in Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide : an environmental history." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phn6153.pdf.

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Bibliography: p. 367-392. This thesis takes an overview of urban waste disposal practices in Sydney, Melbourne and Adelaide since the time of their respective settlement by Europeans through to the year 2000. The narrative identifies how such factors as the growth of representative government, the emergence of a bureaucracy, the visitation of bubonic plague, changed perceptions of risk, and the rise of the environmental movement, have directly influenced urban waste disposal outcomes.
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Nickl, Andre. ""Urban sustainability in the Global South and the role of integrated transport solutions : experiences from Latin America with a focus on Chile's TranSantiago" : a thesis submitted to the Victoria University of Wellington in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Development Studies /." ResearchArchive@Victoria e-Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10063/1141.

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Glanville, Louise. "Women going places : women and transport in a competitive environment." Thesis, 1996. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/17935/.

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The place of women in transport planning and development has been marginal if not invisible. This has resulted in a lack of recognition of their needs and of the distributional impacts that current transport policy and directions have on women. It has also led to limited attention being paid to women and women's experiences in their use of both cars and public transport: their travel patterns and mobility issues remain largely unexplored. In addition, the current policy environment of privatisation and competition in the transport arena contributes to the exacerbation of women's disadvantaged status, and does little to encourage gender sensitivity in transport policies and practice. The thesis explores these issues with particular reference to the travel experiences of fifteen different w o m e n living in various parts of Melbourne and Victoria. It also uses material collected from a number of transport policy makers and service providers to ascertain the dimensions of the new competitive environment.
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Hurley, Kathleen. "The Melbourne story: an analysis of the city’s economy over the 2000s." Thesis, 2015. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/32278/.

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This thesis examines economic growth and change across the city of Melbourne over the 2000s. In the late 1970s to early 1980s, and again in the early 1990s, Melbourne was seen as having a bleak future, as a consequence of the deindustrialisation occurring in the city throughout the late twentieth century. However, Melbourne grew rapidly at the start of the twenty-first century, renewing its profile globally and attracting population. This thesis examines the factors behind the rise of Greater Melbourne over the 2000s, and specifically the rapid revival of the central city area of Melbourne. The study assesses the relevance of economic geography theories (the Global Cities hypothesis, the World City Network (WCN) and agglomeration economies) in relation to Melbourne’s economic growth. Globalisation related theories concerning knowledge cities and workers are also considered.
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Sengpiehl, Carsten. "Towards the development of a holistic planning framework for a Logistics City-Cluster: a multinational modified Delphi study." Thesis, 2010. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/16357/.

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Macroeconomic competition between regions and countries has intensified dramatically in recent years, and as a result, selection of a favourable location and organisation of a logistics node plays an important role in determining a region’s ability to participate in emergent globalisation opportunities. Global connectivity of an area and its related industries, together with their ability to retain and further develop a ‘competitive advantage’, requires a significant review of the way in which a region interfaces with the rest of the world. The Logistics City-Cluster concept, which is one of the latest manifestations of a logistics node, is believed to be a suitable strategy to address these changes. However, whilst the Logistics City-Cluster is accepted by industry as a viable and unique concept, the nature of composition, characteristics and impact is still fragmented and very limited. The continued growth of this new strategy has made it imperative to develop a coherent knowledge base, ensuring future orderly development. Hence, this research was twofold: first, it sought to contribute to the theoretical knowledge of the common enabling elements of a Logistics City-Cluster and of their core influential factors; and secondly to explore the underlying assumptions that sustainable regional growth can be provided by such a concept.
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Seyers, Lawrence Robert. "Understanding outer-urban governance: a case study of local government administration in Melbourne's north-west." Thesis, 2009. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/15495/.

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The research aims to provide an understanding of local governance in an outer metropolitan area of Melbourne. Through the examination of the policy framework that has established and maintained community governance in Victoria by the State Government from the period of local government amalgamations in 1994 to the present day and the use of a case study, Hume City Council, the thesis has descriptive and analytical elements drawing on empirical inquiry using case study methodology. The case study method has been chosen because it is most suitable for discovering how the community participants perceive their level of governance and their desires for future governance structures. Since the dramatic reforms of local government in Victoria, there have only been two governance reviews; at Hume City Council in 2000 and at Delatite Shire in 2002. In addition, minor boundary realignments were made to the Cities of Melbourne and Moonee Valley in 2007. These are the only attempts at a review of the structure of local Understanding Outer-Urban Governance: A case study of local government in Victoria since the Kennett Government reforms. This thesis reaches the conclusion that the concept of wicked problems is applicable to the management of the case study and other complex problems created as a result of amalgamation. The wicked problem context of this thesis cites decision making as the major focus. Through decisions about authority, governance, identity and community consultation the key concept of trust is questioned which has led to the inherent unsatisfactory resolution of the selected local government wicked problems.
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Te, Wierik Alicia. "Taking a fast track to the demise of democracy?" Thesis, 1995. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/32986/.

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This thesis investigates different styles of government which accord different opportunities for participation of 'power to the people'. An understanding of democratic theory is thus essential as perspectives on democracy illustrate numerous styles of democratic practice and opportunities for citizen involvement. While an object of this theses is to locate styles of democracy used by modern liberal governments, the focus of the research explores the exercise of responsible citizenship. Democratic behavioural techniques of the citizen are carefully examined both in theory and practice. The case being made is that citizens, accustomed to a participatory style of democratic government, have been trained in the 'arts of participation' to act as a caretaker of both their lives and environment. With a shift in the style of government towards an elitist democratic approach, practised by the Kennett Government, the responsible citizen, as caretaker, is excluded from government decision-making processes. In response to the closing off of participatory mechanisms in favour of the elitist style of government, the responsible citizen, is turned into a person engaging in acts of civil disobedience in order to maintain his or her vigilance over the lives and environment of his or her community.
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Books on the topic "Urban transportation Victoria Melbourne"

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John, Hartman, Irwin Neal, Smith Russ, IBI Group, and Transportation Association of Canada, eds. Urban transportation indicators: 1996, survey 2 : Regina, Saskatoon, Windsor, Victoria, Niagara, Kitchener, London, Hamilton, Winnipeg, Calgary, Edmonton, Ottawa-Hull, Vancouver, Montreal, Toronto. Ottawa: Transportation Association of Canada, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "Urban transportation Victoria Melbourne"

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Irajifar, Leila. "Digital Solutions for Resilient Cities: A Critical Assessment of Resilience in Smart City Initiatives in Melbourne, Victoria." In The Urban Book Series, 239–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95037-8_11.

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Fildes, Brian N., Brendan Lawrence, Luke Thompson, and Jennie Oxley. "Speed-Limits in Local Streets: Lessons from a 30 km/h Trial in Victoria, Australia." In The Vision Zero Handbook, 881–901. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76505-7_34.

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AbstractFatal and Severe Injuries (FSI) to vulnerable road users is a major road safety problem internationally. Recent resolutions by the Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety called for a blanket 30 km/h speed limit in urban areas to address this problem. A project undertaken in Melbourne, Australia, set out to evaluate the effectiveness and benefits of a lower speed limit in a local residential area in the City of Yarra. The intervention comprised replacing 40 km/h speed limit signs in the treated area with 30 km/h signs with an adjacent untreated control area. A before and after study was employed with speed, resident surveys, and estimated safety benefits as measures of its success. Modest reductions in mean speed were observed in the after-phase of the study while benefits were impressive for vehicles travelling at higher speed levels where the risk of severe injury or death is greater. These findings represent an estimated 4% reduction in the risk of severe injury for pedestrians in the event of a collision. Questionnaire responses showed an increased degree of support for the 30 km/h speed limit in local streets in the trial area. The implication of these findings for road safety is discussed, along with the challenges and potential hurdles. Lower speed limits in local streets and municipalities is one important measure to help address vulnerable road users in residential local streets.
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Fildes, Brian N., Brendan Lawrence, Luke Thompson, and Jennie Oxley. "Speed-Limits in Local Streets: Lessons from a 30 km/h Trial in Victoria, Australia." In The Vision Zero Handbook, 1–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23176-7_34-1.

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AbstractFatal and Severe Injuries (FSI) to vulnerable road users is a major road safety problem internationally. Recent resolutions by the Global Ministerial Conference on Road Safety called for a blanket 30 km/h speed limit in urban areas to address this problem. A project undertaken in Melbourne, Australia, set out to evaluate the effectiveness and benefits of a lower speed limit in a local residential area in the City of Yarra. The intervention comprised replacing 40 km/h speed limit signs in the treated area with 30 km/h signs with an adjacent untreated control area. A before and after study was employed with speed, resident surveys, and estimated safety benefits as measures of its success. Modest reductions in mean speed were observed in the after-phase of the study while benefits were impressive for vehicles travelling at higher speed levels where the risk of severe injury or death is greater. These findings represent an estimated 4% reduction in the risk of severe injury for pedestrians in the event of a collision. Questionnaire responses showed an increased degree of support for the 30 km/h speed limit in local streets in the trial area. The implication of these findings for road safety is discussed, along with the challenges and potential hurdles. Lower speed limits in local streets and municipalities is one important measure to help address vulnerable road users in residential local streets.
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Kaplan, Adnan. "“Green Infrastructure” Concept as an Effective Medium to Manipulating Sustainable Urban Development." In Regional Development, 1358–77. IGI Global, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-0882-5.ch708.

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This chapter aims at exploring and conceptualizing green infrastructure (GI) as a comprehensive system in planning schemes of metropolitan cities such as Melbourne (Australia) and Izmir (Türkiye). Urban open space network(s) and its further step, “GI,” stretches out from the urban core through its periphery. This requires investigation of the planning hierarchy between metropolitan planning and urban design with a focus on connectivity and urban sustainability. Supporting and managing physical development, modes of transportation, and social life, GI provides ecological and social services to cities in pursuit of sustainable development. Following the scrutiny of Melbourne’s GI and its relevance to the planning history, this work undertakes a comparative analysis between Melbourne and Izmir in order to address the development of a metropolitan GI system for these cities. Such an approach would support policies and strategies relating to sustainable urban development.
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Schneider, Marius, and Vanessa Ferguson. "Uganda." In Enforcement of Intellectual Property Rights in Africa. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198837336.003.0055.

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Uganda is a landlocked country situated in East Africa and is bordered by Congo, the Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, and Rwanda. Lake Victoria forms part of the southern border. The country’s land area is 241,037 square kilometre (km) with a population of approximately 42.27 million, according to 2019 estimates. Kampala is the capital and by far the largest city in Uganda, with a population around 1.66 million. Kira Town lies approximately 14 km north-east of Kampala. The town is the second largest urban centre of Uganda after Kampala. The Kampala Industrial Business Park is situated at the south-eastern end of Kira town. Nansana, located 13 km northwest of Kampala, serves as a dormitory town to the city of Kampala and there are plans to transform the town into a commercial hub although currently small informal markets dominate the economy. Mbarara in the western region is the capital and main administrative hub and commercial centre of the Mbarara District. It is also the largest industrial town second to Kampala and crucial transportation hub for goods in transit to Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Other main cities include Gulu and Lira in the northern region, and Jinja in the eastern
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Conference papers on the topic "Urban transportation Victoria Melbourne"

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Swadesir, Lewis, and Cees Bil. "Urban Air Transportation for Melbourne Metropolitan Area." In AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3572.

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Telford, Elsie, Akari Nakai Kidd, and Ursula de Jong. "Beyond the 1968 Battle between Housing Commission, Victoria, and the Residential Associations: Uncovering the Ultra Positions of Melbourne Social Housing." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4022pplql.

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In 1968, the Housing Commission, Victoria, built a series of high-rise towers in response to an identified metropolitan planning issue: urban sprawl and the outward growth of metropolitan Melbourne. This “solution” precipitated a crisis in urban identity. The construction of the first of a series of these modern high-rise towers at Debney Park Estate, Carlton and Park Towers, South Melbourne displaced significant immigrant communities. This became the impetus for the formation of Residential Associations who perceived this project a major threat to existing cultural values pertaining to social and built heritage. This paper examines the extremely polarising events and the positions of both the Housing Commission and the Residential Associations over the course of fifteen years from 1968. The research is grounded in an historical review of government papers and statements surrounding the social housing towers, as well as scholarly articles, including information gathered by Renate Howe and the Urban Activists Project (UAP, 2003-2004). The historical review contextualises the dramatically vocal and well-publicised positions of the Residential Associations and the Housing Commission by reference to the wider social circumstances and the views of displaced community groups. Looking beyond the drama of the heated debate sparked by this crisis, the paper exposes nuances within the positions, investigates the specifics of the lesser known opinions of displaced residents and seeks to re-evaluate the influence of the towers on the establishment of an inner urban community identity.
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