Academic literature on the topic 'URBAN TRAFFIC EMISSION'
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Journal articles on the topic "URBAN TRAFFIC EMISSION"
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Wang, Haiwei, Huiying Wen, Feng You, Jianmin Xu, and Hailin Kui. "Motor Vehicle Emission Modeling and Software Simulation Computing for Roundabout in Urban City." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/312396.
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In urban road traffic systems, roundabout is considered as one of the core traffic bottlenecks, which are also a core impact of vehicle emission and city environment. In this paper, we proposed a transport control and management method for solving traffic jam and reducing emission in roundabout. The platform of motor vehicle testing system and VSP-based emission model was established firstly. By using the topology chart of the roundabout and microsimulation software, we calculated the instantaneous emission rates of different vehicle and total vehicle emissions. We argued that Integration-Model, combing traffic simulation and vehicle emission, can be performed to calculate the instantaneous emission rates of different vehicle and total vehicle emissions at the roundabout. By contrasting the exhaust emissions result between no signal control and signal control in this area at the rush hour, it draws a conclusion that setting the optimizing signal control can effectively reduce the regional vehicle emission. The proposed approach has been submitted to a simulation and experiment that involved an environmental assessment in Satellite Square, a roundabout in medium city located in China. It has been verified that setting signal control with knowledge engineering and Integration-Model is a practical way for solving the traffic jams and environmental pollution.
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Šarić, Ammar, Suada Sulejmanović, Sanjin Albinović, Mirza Pozder, and Žanesa Ljevo. "The Role of Intersection Geometry in Urban Air Pollution Management." Sustainability 15, no. 6 (March 15, 2023): 5234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15065234.
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Air pollution represents one of the most complex problems of humanity. Traffic contributes significantly to this by emitting large amounts of harmful gases. This problem is particularly pronounced at urban intersections due to frequent changes in vehicle movement dynamics. This paper primarily presents the influence of intersection geometry on pollutant emissions levels. In addition, the influence of various traffic policies promoting greater use of public transport and zero-emission vehicles is also examined. The research combines the field part of recording existing intersections in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina with traffic microsimulation. Detailed data on vehicles’ movements were obtained by advanced video processing using the DataFromSky tool, while the PTV Vissim 2022 and Bosch ESTM (2022) software were used to simulate traffic and estimate emissions at geometrically different intersections. The results showed that, in saturated traffic conditions, signalized intersections cause up to 50% lower emissions compared with two-lane and turbo roundabouts and that the impact of the geometric change is more significant than the impact of zero-emission vehicles. In unsaturated conditions, the differences in emissions at different intersections are negligible, with the highest reductions in pollution achieved by using zero-emission vehicles.
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Jiang, Linhui, Yan Xia, Lu Wang, Xue Chen, Jianjie Ye, Tangyan Hou, Liqiang Wang, et al. "Hyperfine-resolution mapping of on-road vehicle emissions with comprehensive traffic monitoring and an intelligent transportation system." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 22 (November 23, 2021): 16985–7002. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-16985-2021.
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Abstract. Urban on-road vehicle emissions affect air quality and human health locally and globally. Given uneven sources, they typically exhibit distinct spatial heterogeneity, varying sharply over short distances (10 m–1 km). However, all-around observational constraints on the emission sources are limited in much of the world. Consequently, traditional emission inventories lack the spatial resolution that can characterize the on-road vehicle emission hotspots. Here we establish a bottom-up approach to reveal a unique pattern of urban on-road vehicle emissions at a spatial resolution 1–3 orders of magnitude higher than current emission inventories. We interconnect all-around traffic monitoring (including traffic fluxes, vehicle-specific categories, and speeds) via an intelligent transportation system (ITS) over Xiaoshan District in the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) region. This enables us to calculate single-vehicle-specific emissions over each fine-scale (10 m–1 km) road segment. Thus, the most hyperfine emission dataset of its type is achieved, and on-road emission hotspots appear. The resulting map shows that the hourly average on-road vehicle emissions of CO, NOx, HC, and PM2.5 are 74.01, 40.35, 8.13, and 1.68 kg, respectively. More importantly, widespread and persistent emission hotspots emerged. They are of significantly sharp small-scale variability, up to 8–15 times within individual hotspots, attributable to distinct traffic fluxes, road conditions, and vehicle categories. On this basis, we investigate the effectiveness of routine traffic control strategies on on-road vehicle emission mitigation. Our results have important implications for how the strategies should be designed and optimized. Integrating our traffic-monitoring-based approach with urban air quality measurements, we could address major data gaps between urban air pollutant emissions and concentrations.
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Csikós, Alfréd, Tamás Tettamanti, and István Varga. "MACROSCOPIC MODELING AND CONTROL OF EMISSION IN URBAN ROAD TRAFFIC NETWORKS." TRANSPORT 30, no. 2 (May 30, 2015): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2015.1046137.
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This work suggests a framework for modeling the traffic emissions in urban road traffic networks that are described by the Network Fundamental Diagram (NFD) concept. Traffic emission is formalized in finite spatiotemporal windows as a function of aggregated traffic variables, i.e. Total Travel Distances (TTDs) in the network and network average speed. The framework is extended for the size of an urban network during a signal cycle – the size of a window in which the network aggregated parameters are modeled in the NFD concept. Simulations have been carried out for model accuracy analysis, using the microscopic Versit+Micro model as reference. By applying the macroscopic emission model function and the traffic modeling relationships, the control objective for pollution reduction has also been formalized. Basically, multi-criteria control design has been introduced for two criteria: maximization of the TTD and minimization of traffic emissions within the network.
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Alexandrino, Katiuska, Nazly E. Sánchez, Rasa Zalakeviciute, Wilber Acuña, and Fausto Viteri. "Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Araucaria heterophylla Needles in Urban Areas: Evaluation of Sources and Road Characteristics." Plants 11, no. 15 (July 27, 2022): 1948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11151948.
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Araucaria heterophylla needles were collected in urban areas of the city of Quito, Ecuador, to analyze the relationship between the concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with different emission sources and road characteristics. The PAHs were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and included naphthalene (Naph), benzo[a]anthracene (BaA), chrysene (Chry), and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), which are related to the sources considered in this work. The results indicated that some streets with moderate and low traffic intensity had higher total concentrations of PAHs than streets with high traffic intensity, showing the importance of non-traffic related emission sources and road characteristics on PAH emissions. All the studied PAHs were associated with traffic emissions, although Naph and BaP were more associated with acceleration and braking activities, while BaA and Chry also seemed to come from restaurant emissions. The presence of gas stations was also important in the emission of PAHs. Road capacity seems to have a higher effect on pollutant emission than road gradient and urban forms. The outcomes of this study are expected to facilitate the diagnostics of the concentration of PAHs in urban areas, which contribute to the design of strategies for the mitigation of pollution by PAHs in urban environment.
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Bebkiewicz, Katarzyna, Zdzisław Chłopek, Hubert Sar, Krystian Szczepański, and Magdalena Zimakowska-Laskowska. "Assessment of impact of vehicle traffic conditions: urban, rural and highway, on the results of pollutant emissions inventory." Archives of Transport 60, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.5477.
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The use of motor vehicles varies considerably under distinct traffic conditions: in cities, outside cities as well as on motorways and expressways. The impact of road traffic on the natural environment has been studied for many years, including in terms of the nature of the operation of motor vehicles. This problem is particularly important in highly urbanized areas, where traffic congestion is the source of increased emissions of harmful compounds contained in exhaust gases. For this reason, many cities have traffic restrictions, especially for those cars that do not meet the most stringent emission standards. Environmental protection is the driving force behind the development of modern combustion engine supply systems, which allow for proper control of the combustion of petroleum-derived fuels. The exhaust gas cleaning systems in the form of catalytic converters or particulate matter filters are also playing a very important role. Considerable differences in internal combustion engine operating states, both static and dynamic, result in important differences in pollutant emissions. Likewise, the national annual pollutant emission is affected by the share of distances travelled by vehicles under various traffic conditions. At the same time, it is very difficult to estimate exhaust emissions from road transport sources. Very interesting method of emission estimation is the application of the data included in the emission inventory which are a valuable source of information on exhaust emissions under various operating conditions. In the present study, the annual pollutant emissions were analyzed: at a national level (total pollutant emission) and in distinct traffic conditions. There were found large differences between individual pollutants’ shares in the emissions from vehicles under the tested traffic conditions. This is particularly evident for nitrogen oxides with the highest emission share outside cities, as opposed to other substances with the highest emission shares in cities, where traffic congestion is taking place.
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Wang, Peng, Ruhan Zhang, Shida Sun, Meng Gao, Bo Zheng, Dan Zhang, Yanli Zhang, Gregory R. Carmichael, and Hongliang Zhang. "Aggravated air pollution and health burden due to traffic congestion in urban China." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 23, no. 5 (March 7, 2023): 2983–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-2983-2023.
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Abstract. Vehicle emissions are regarded as a primary contributor to air pollution and related adverse health impacts. Heavy traffic congestion increases traffic flow and thus produces more O3 precursor emissions, leading to more adverse air quality issues. Although the development of a vehicle emission inventory has received great concern and continuous efforts, limitations still exist. For example, real-time diurnal variations and increases in emission rates due to traffic congestion are not well understood. In this study, we developed a new temporal allocation approach in transportation emissions to investigate the impact on air quality and health burden due to traffic congestion in China in 2020. Both real-time congestion-level data and emission correction factors were considered in the approach. Results show that traffic congestion aggravates air pollution and health burden across China, especially in the urban clusters such as the North China Plain and Sichuan Basin. In these regions, the average annual increases in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) could be up to 3.5 µg m−3 and 1.1 ppb, respectively. The excess PM2.5 and O3 attributed to the traffic congestion also induce an additional 20 000 and 5000 premature deaths in China, respectively. In major cities, the increased rate of premature mortality caused by traffic congestion may reach 17.5 %. Therefore, more effective and comprehensive vehicle emission control policies or better planning of the road network should be established to reduce traffic congestion and improve air quality in China.
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Bendtsen, Hans, and Lone Reiff. "An urban road traffic emission model." International Journal of Vehicle Design 20, no. 1/2/3/4 (1998): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijvd.1998.001813.
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Liu, Tao, Jia Sun, Baihua Liu, Miao Li, Yingbin Deng, Wenlong Jing, and Ji Yang. "Factors Influencing O3 Concentration in Traffic and Urban Environments: A Case Study of Guangzhou City." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (October 10, 2022): 12961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912961.
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Ozone (O3) pollution is a serious issue in China, posing a significant threat to people’s health. Traffic emissions are the main pollutant source in urban areas. NOX and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from traffic emissions are the main precursors of O3. Thus, it is crucial to investigate the relationship between traffic conditions and O3 pollution. This study focused on the potential relationship between O3 concentration and traffic conditions at a roadside and urban background in Guangzhou, one of the largest cities in China. The results demonstrated that no significant difference in the O3 concentration was observed between roadside and urban background environments. However, the O3 concentration was 2 to 3 times higher on sunny days (above 90 μg/m3) than on cloudy days due to meteorological conditions. The results confirmed that limiting traffic emissions may increase O3 concentrations in Guangzhou. Therefore, the focus should be on industrial, energy, and transportation emission mitigation and the influence of meteorological conditions to minimize O3 pollution. The results in this study provide some theoretical basis for mitigation emission policies in China.
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Wu, Luolin, Ming Chang, Xuemei Wang, Jian Hang, Jinpu Zhang, Liqing Wu, and Min Shao. "Development of the Real-time On-road Emission (ROE v1.0) model for street-scale air quality modeling based on dynamic traffic big data." Geoscientific Model Development 13, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-13-23-2020.
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Abstract. Rapid urbanization in China has led to heavy traffic flows in street networks within cities, especially in eastern China, the economically developed region. This has increased the risk of exposure to vehicle-related pollutants. To evaluate the impact of vehicle emissions and provide an on-road emission inventory with higher spatiotemporal resolution for street-network air quality models, in this study, we developed the Real-time On-road Emission (ROE v1.0) model to calculate street-scale on-road hot emissions by using real-time big data for traffic provided by the Gaode Map navigation application. This Python-based model obtains street-scale traffic data from the map application programming interface (API), which are open-access and updated every minute for each road segment. The results of application of the model to Guangzhou, one of the three major cities in China, showed on-road vehicle emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), hydrocarbons (HCs), PM2.5, and PM10 to be 35.22×104, 12.05×104, 4.10×104, 0.49×104, and 0.55×104 Mg yr−1, respectively. The spatial distribution reveals that the emission hotspots are located in some highway-intensive areas and suburban town centers. Emission contribution shows that the dominant contributors are light-duty vehicles (LDVs) and heavy-duty vehicles (HDVs) in urban areas and LDVs and heavy-duty trucks (HDTs) in suburban areas, indicating that the traffic control policies regarding trucks in urban areas are effective. In this study, the Model of Urban Network of Intersecting Canyons and Highways (MUNICH) was applied to investigate the impact of traffic volume change on street-scale photochemistry in the urban areas by using the on-road emission results from the ROE model. The modeling results indicate that the daytime NOx concentrations on national holidays are 26.5 % and 9.1 % lower than those on normal weekdays and normal weekends, respectively. Conversely, the national holiday O3 concentrations exceed normal weekday and normal weekend amounts by 13.9 % and 10.6 %, respectively, owing to changes in the ratio of emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and NOx. Thus, not only the on-road emissions but also other emissions should be controlled in order to improve the air quality in Guangzhou. More significantly, the newly developed ROE model may provide promising and effective methodologies for analyzing real-time street-level traffic emissions and high-resolution air quality assessment for more typical cities or urban districts.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "URBAN TRAFFIC EMISSION"
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Schiper, Nicole. "Traffic data sampling for air pollution estimation at different urban scales." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSET008/document.
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La circulation routière est une source majeure de pollution atmosphérique dans les zones urbaines. Les décideurs insistent pour qu’on leur propose de nouvelles solutions, y compris de nouvelles stratégies de management qui pourraient directement faire baisser les émissions de polluants. Pour évaluer les performances de ces stratégies, le calcul des émissions de pollution devrait tenir compte de la dynamique spatiale et temporelle du trafic. L’utilisation de capteurs traditionnels sur route (par exemple, capteurs inductifs ou boucles de comptage) pour collecter des données en temps réel est nécessaire mais pas suffisante en raison de leur coût de mise en oeuvre très élevé. Le fait que de telles technologies, pour des raisons pratiques, ne fournissent que des informations locales est un inconvénient. Certaines méthodes devraient ensuite être appliquées pour étendre cette information locale à une grande échelle. Ces méthodes souffrent actuellement des limites suivantes : (i) la relation entre les données manquantes et la précision de l’estimation ne peut être facilement déterminée et (ii) les calculs à grande échelle sont énormément coûteux, principalement lorsque les phénomènes de congestion sont considérés. Compte tenu d’une simulation microscopique du trafic couplée à un modèle d’émission, une approche innovante de ce problème est mise en oeuvre. Elle consiste à appliquer des techniques de sélection statistique qui permettent d’identifier les emplacements les plus pertinents pour estimer les émissions des véhicules du réseau à différentes échelles spatiales et temporelles. Ce travail explore l’utilisation de méthodes statistiques intelligentes et naïves, comme outil pour sélectionner l’information la plus pertinente sur le trafic et les émissions sur un réseau afin de déterminer les valeurs totales à plusieurs échelles. Ce travail met également en évidence quelques précautions à prendre en compte quand on calcul les émissions à large échelle à partir des données trafic et d’un modèle d’émission. L’utilisation des facteurs d’émission COPERT IV à différentes échelles spatio-temporelles induit un biais en fonction des conditions de circulation par rapport à l’échelle d’origine (cycles de conduite). Ce biais observé sur nos simulations a été quantifié en fonction des indicateurs de trafic (vitesse moyenne). Il a également été démontré qu’il avait une double origine : la convexité des fonctions d’émission et la covariance des variables de traficRoad traffic is a major source of air pollution in urban areas. Policy makers are pushing for different solutions including new traffic management strategies that can directly lower pollutants emissions. To assess the performances of such strategies, the calculation of pollution emission should consider spatial and temporal dynamic of the traffic. The use of traditional on-road sensors (e.g. inductive sensors) for collecting real-time data is necessary but not sufficient because of their expensive cost of implementation. It is also a disadvantage that such technologies, for practical reasons, only provide local information. Some methods should then be applied to expand this local information to large spatial extent. These methods currently suffer from the following limitations: (i) the relationship between missing data and the estimation accuracy, both cannot be easily determined and (ii) the calculations on large area is computationally expensive in particular when time evolution is considered. Given a dynamic traffic simulation coupled with an emission model, a novel approach to this problem is taken by applying selection techniques that can identify the most relevant locations to estimate the network vehicle emissions in various spatial and temporal scales. This work explores the use of different statistical methods both naïve and smart, as tools for selecting the most relevant traffic and emission information on a network to determine the total values at any scale. This work also highlights some cautions when such traffic-emission coupled method is used to quantify emissions due the traffic. Using the COPERT IV emission functions at various spatial-temporal scales induces a bias depending on traffic conditions, in comparison to the original scale (driving cycles). This bias observed in our simulations, has been quantified in function of traffic indicators (mean speed). It also has been demonstrated to have a double origin: the emission functions’ convexity and the traffic variables covariance
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Smit, Robin, and n/a. "An Examination of Congestion in Road Traffic Emission Models and Their Application to Urban Road Networks." Griffith University. School of Environmental Science, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070724.155421.
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The level of air pollution in urban areas, which is largely affected by road traffic, is an issue of high political relevance. Congestion is most prevalent in urban areas and a common and increasingly present phenomenon worldwide. The first four chapters of this study have investigated how and to what extent models, which are used to predict emissions on road links in urban road networks, include the effects of congestion on emissions. In order to make this assessment, traffic engineering literature and empirical studies have been examined and used as a basis to review (current) emission models that exist or have been used around the world. Congestion causes changes in driving patterns of individual vehicles in a traffic stream, and these changes are subsequently reflected in changes in congestion indicators and changes in emission levels. This consideration and a literature review has led to a proposed 'congestion typology' of emission models, which reflects the different ways in which and the extent to which congestion has been incorporated in these models. The typology clarifies that six of in total ten families of emission models that were investigated in this thesis explicitly consider congestion in the modelling process (i.e. model variables are related to congestion), although this is done in different ways. For the remaining four families of emission models it was not possible to determine the extent to which congestion has been incorporated on the basis of literature review alone. Two families fell beyond the scope of this work since they cannot be used to predict emission on road links. For the other two families it became clear in the course of the thesis that the extent can be determined through analysis of driving pattern data (and other information with respect to e.g. data collection) that were used in the model development. A new methodology is presented in this thesis to perform this analysis and to assess the mean level of congestion in driving patterns (driving cycles). The analysis has been carried out for one important family of emission models, the so-called travel speed models ('average speed models'), which are used extensively in urban network modelling. For four current models (COPERT III, MOBILE 6, QGEPA 2002, EMFAC 2000), it is concluded that these models implicitly (i.e. congestion is inherently considered) take varying levels of congestion into account, but that this conclusion is subject to a number of limitations. It became clear in the course of this study that prediction of (the effects of) congestion in both traffic models and emission models is generally restricted to certain modelling dimensions. As a consequence, the effects of congestion are only partially predicted in current air emission modelling. Chapter 5 has attempted to address the question whether congestion is actually an important issue in urban network emission modelling or not. It also addressed the question if different types of emission models actually predict different results. On the basis of a number of selection criteria, two types of models were compared, i.e. one explicit model (TEE-KCF 2002) and two implicit models (COPERT III, QGEPA 2002). The research objectives have been addressed by applying these emission models to a case-study urban network in Australia (Brisbane) for which various model input attributes were collected from different sources (both modelled and field data). The findings are limited by the fact that they follow from one urban network with particular characteristics (fleet composition, signal settings, speed limits) and application of only a few particular emission models. The results therefore indicate that: 1. Changes in traffic activity (i.e. distribution of vehicle kilometres travelled on network links) over the day appear to have the largest effect on predicted traffic emissions. 2. Congestion is an important issue in the modelling of CO and HC emissions. This appears not to be the case for NOx emissions, where basic traffic composition is generally a more important factor. For the most congested parts in the urban network that have been investigated, congestion can more than double predicted emissions of CO and HC. 3. Different types of emission models can produce substantially different results when absolute (arithmetic) differences are considered, but can produce similar results when relative differences (ratio or percent difference) are considered.
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Smit, Robin. "An Examination of Congestion in Road Traffic Emission Models and Their Application to Urban Road Networks." Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365194.
Full textAbstract:
The level of air pollution in urban areas, which is largely affected by road traffic, is an issue of high political relevance. Congestion is most prevalent in urban areas and a common and increasingly present phenomenon worldwide. The first four chapters of this study have investigated how and to what extent models, which are used to predict emissions on road links in urban road networks, include the effects of congestion on emissions. In order to make this assessment, traffic engineering literature and empirical studies have been examined and used as a basis to review (current) emission models that exist or have been used around the world. Congestion causes changes in driving patterns of individual vehicles in a traffic stream, and these changes are subsequently reflected in changes in congestion indicators and changes in emission levels. This consideration and a literature review has led to a proposed 'congestion typology' of emission models, which reflects the different ways in which and the extent to which congestion has been incorporated in these models. The typology clarifies that six of in total ten families of emission models that were investigated in this thesis explicitly consider congestion in the modelling process (i.e. model variables are related to congestion), although this is done in different ways. For the remaining four families of emission models it was not possible to determine the extent to which congestion has been incorporated on the basis of literature review alone. Two families fell beyond the scope of this work since they cannot be used to predict emission on road links. For the other two families it became clear in the course of the thesis that the extent can be determined through analysis of driving pattern data (and other information with respect to e.g. data collection) that were used in the model development. A new methodology is presented in this thesis to perform this analysis and to assess the mean level of congestion in driving patterns (driving cycles). The analysis has been carried out for one important family of emission models, the so-called travel speed models ('average speed models'), which are used extensively in urban network modelling. For four current models (COPERT III, MOBILE 6, QGEPA 2002, EMFAC 2000), it is concluded that these models implicitly (i.e. congestion is inherently considered) take varying levels of congestion into account, but that this conclusion is subject to a number of limitations. It became clear in the course of this study that prediction of (the effects of) congestion in both traffic models and emission models is generally restricted to certain modelling dimensions. As a consequence, the effects of congestion are only partially predicted in current air emission modelling. Chapter 5 has attempted to address the question whether congestion is actually an important issue in urban network emission modelling or not. It also addressed the question if different types of emission models actually predict different results. On the basis of a number of selection criteria, two types of models were compared, i.e. one explicit model (TEE-KCF 2002) and two implicit models (COPERT III, QGEPA 2002). The research objectives have been addressed by applying these emission models to a case-study urban network in Australia (Brisbane) for which various model input attributes were collected from different sources (both modelled and field data). The findings are limited by the fact that they follow from one urban network with particular characteristics (fleet composition, signal settings, speed limits) and application of only a few particular emission models. The results therefore indicate that: 1. Changes in traffic activity (i.e. distribution of vehicle kilometres travelled on network links) over the day appear to have the largest effect on predicted traffic emissions. 2. Congestion is an important issue in the modelling of CO and HC emissions. This appears not to be the case for NOx emissions, where basic traffic composition is generally a more important factor. For the most congested parts in the urban network that have been investigated, congestion can more than double predicted emissions of CO and HC. 3. Different types of emission models can produce substantially different results when absolute (arithmetic) differences are considered, but can produce similar results when relative differences (ratio or percent difference) are considered.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environmental Planning
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PRONELLO, CRISTINA. "Finalità, strategie e strumenti per lo sviluppo di un modello di calcolo delle emissioni degli inquinanti da traffico in ambiente urbano." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2501475.
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The dissertation deals with the issue of of transport air pollution and proposes the construction of an instantaneous emission model, then applied to the Torino’s urban context.
The work has been focused on the analysis of the different parameters on the pollutant emissions and the construction of computer tools and abacus for the energetic and environmental assessment of the policies and technologies having an impact on the traffic conditions. This led to the definition of an emission model for the evaluation of car hot pollutant emissions and fuel consumption.
The emission model was partly developed during a period spent as visiting researcher (Marie Curie grant holder) at INRETS (Institute National de Recherche sur les Transports et leur Securité - France). This later allowed, an experimentation in the city of Torino to define relationships between traffic and air pollution. An application of the istanataneous emission model and the application of a box model (dspersion model) has allowed to obtain a tool for traffic planning and management.
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Norhidayah, Binti Abdull. "Model Simulation and Health Risk Assessment on Traffic-Induced Air Pollution in Urban Environments：A Case Study of Kyoto City, Japan." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/259034.
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京都大学0048
新制・課程博士
博士(工学)
甲第22766号
工博第4765号
新制||工||1745(附属図書館)
京都大学大学院工学研究科都市環境工学専攻
(主査)教授 米田 稔, 教授 高野 裕久, 准教授 藤森 真一郎
学位規則第4条第1項該当
Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering)
Kyoto University
DFAM
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Wu, Yingjie [Verfasser], Fritz [Akademischer Betreuer] Busch, Keping [Gutachter] Li, and Fritz [Gutachter] Busch. "A Mesoscopic Emission Model to Assess the Impact of ITS Measures on the Spatial Distribution of Traffic Emissions in Urban Road Networks / Yingjie Wu ; Gutachter: Keping Li, Fritz Busch ; Betreuer: Fritz Busch." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1231434589/34.
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Keogh, Diane Underwood. "Development of a particle number and particle mass emissions inventory for an urban fleet : a study in South-East Queensland." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/30297/1/Diane_Keogh_Thesis.pdf.
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Motor vehicles are a major source of gaseous and particulate matter pollution in urban areas, particularly of ultrafine sized particles (diameters < 0.1 µm). Exposure to particulate matter has been found to be associated with serious health effects, including respiratory and cardiovascular disease, and mortality. Particle emissions generated by motor vehicles span a very broad size range (from around 0.003-10 µm) and are measured as different subsets of particle mass concentrations or particle number count. However, there exist scientific challenges in analysing and interpreting the large data sets on motor vehicle emission factors, and no understanding is available of the application of different particle metrics as a basis for air quality regulation. To date a comprehensive inventory covering the broad size range of particles emitted by motor vehicles, and which includes particle number, does not exist anywhere in the world. This thesis covers research related to four important and interrelated aspects pertaining to particulate matter generated by motor vehicle fleets. These include the derivation of suitable particle emission factors for use in transport modelling and health impact assessments; quantification of motor vehicle particle emission inventories; investigation of the particle characteristic modality within particle size distributions as a potential for developing air quality regulation; and review and synthesis of current knowledge on ultrafine particles as it relates to motor vehicles; and the application of these aspects to the quantification, control and management of motor vehicle particle emissions. In order to quantify emissions in terms of a comprehensive inventory, which covers the full size range of particles emitted by motor vehicle fleets, it was necessary to derive a suitable set of particle emission factors for different vehicle and road type combinations for particle number, particle volume, PM1, PM2.5 and PM1 (mass concentration of particles with aerodynamic diameters < 1 µm, < 2.5 µm and < 10 µm respectively). The very large data set of emission factors analysed in this study were sourced from measurement studies conducted in developed countries, and hence the derived set of emission factors are suitable for preparing inventories in other urban regions of the developed world. These emission factors are particularly useful for regions with a lack of measurement data to derive emission factors, or where experimental data are available but are of insufficient scope. The comprehensive particle emissions inventory presented in this thesis is the first published inventory of tailpipe particle emissions prepared for a motor vehicle fleet, and included the quantification of particle emissions covering the full size range of particles emitted by vehicles, based on measurement data. The inventory quantified particle emissions measured in terms of particle number and different particle mass size fractions. It was developed for the urban South-East Queensland fleet in Australia, and included testing the particle emission implications of future scenarios for different passenger and freight travel demand. The thesis also presents evidence of the usefulness of examining modality within particle size distributions as a basis for developing air quality regulations; and finds evidence to support the relevance of introducing a new PM1 mass ambient air quality standard for the majority of environments worldwide. The study found that a combination of PM1 and PM10 standards are likely to be a more discerning and suitable set of ambient air quality standards for controlling particles emitted from combustion and mechanically-generated sources, such as motor vehicles, than the current mass standards of PM2.5 and PM10. The study also reviewed and synthesized existing knowledge on ultrafine particles, with a specific focus on those originating from motor vehicles. It found that motor vehicles are significant contributors to both air pollution and ultrafine particles in urban areas, and that a standardized measurement procedure is not currently available for ultrafine particles. The review found discrepancies exist between outcomes of instrumentation used to measure ultrafine particles; that few data is available on ultrafine particle chemistry and composition, long term monitoring; characterization of their spatial and temporal distribution in urban areas; and that no inventories for particle number are available for motor vehicle fleets. This knowledge is critical for epidemiological studies and exposure-response assessment. Conclusions from this review included the recommendation that ultrafine particles in populated urban areas be considered a likely target for future air quality regulation based on particle number, due to their potential impacts on the environment. The research in this PhD thesis successfully integrated the elements needed to quantify and manage motor vehicle fleet emissions, and its novelty relates to the combining of expertise from two distinctly separate disciplines - from aerosol science and transport modelling. The new knowledge and concepts developed in this PhD research provide never before available data and methods which can be used to develop comprehensive, size-resolved inventories of motor vehicle particle emissions, and air quality regulations to control particle emissions to protect the health and well-being of current and future generations.
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Keogh, Diane Underwood. "Development of a particle number and particle mass emissions inventory for an urban fleet : a study in South-East Queensland." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/30297/.
Full textAbstract:
Motor vehicles are a major source of gaseous and particulate matter pollution in urban areas, particularly of ultrafine sized particles (diameters < 0.1 µm). Exposure to particulate matter has been found to be associated with serious health effects, including respiratory and cardiovascular disease, and mortality. Particle emissions generated by motor vehicles span a very broad size range (from around 0.003-10 µm) and are measured as different subsets of particle mass concentrations or particle number count. However, there exist scientific challenges in analysing and interpreting the large data sets on motor vehicle emission factors, and no understanding is available of the application of different particle metrics as a basis for air quality regulation. To date a comprehensive inventory covering the broad size range of particles emitted by motor vehicles, and which includes particle number, does not exist anywhere in the world. This thesis covers research related to four important and interrelated aspects pertaining to particulate matter generated by motor vehicle fleets. These include the derivation of suitable particle emission factors for use in transport modelling and health impact assessments; quantification of motor vehicle particle emission inventories; investigation of the particle characteristic modality within particle size distributions as a potential for developing air quality regulation; and review and synthesis of current knowledge on ultrafine particles as it relates to motor vehicles; and the application of these aspects to the quantification, control and management of motor vehicle particle emissions. In order to quantify emissions in terms of a comprehensive inventory, which covers the full size range of particles emitted by motor vehicle fleets, it was necessary to derive a suitable set of particle emission factors for different vehicle and road type combinations for particle number, particle volume, PM1, PM2.5 and PM1 (mass concentration of particles with aerodynamic diameters < 1 µm, < 2.5 µm and < 10 µm respectively). The very large data set of emission factors analysed in this study were sourced from measurement studies conducted in developed countries, and hence the derived set of emission factors are suitable for preparing inventories in other urban regions of the developed world. These emission factors are particularly useful for regions with a lack of measurement data to derive emission factors, or where experimental data are available but are of insufficient scope. The comprehensive particle emissions inventory presented in this thesis is the first published inventory of tailpipe particle emissions prepared for a motor vehicle fleet, and included the quantification of particle emissions covering the full size range of particles emitted by vehicles, based on measurement data. The inventory quantified particle emissions measured in terms of particle number and different particle mass size fractions. It was developed for the urban South-East Queensland fleet in Australia, and included testing the particle emission implications of future scenarios for different passenger and freight travel demand. The thesis also presents evidence of the usefulness of examining modality within particle size distributions as a basis for developing air quality regulations; and finds evidence to support the relevance of introducing a new PM1 mass ambient air quality standard for the majority of environments worldwide. The study found that a combination of PM1 and PM10 standards are likely to be a more discerning and suitable set of ambient air quality standards for controlling particles emitted from combustion and mechanically-generated sources, such as motor vehicles, than the current mass standards of PM2.5 and PM10. The study also reviewed and synthesized existing knowledge on ultrafine particles, with a specific focus on those originating from motor vehicles. It found that motor vehicles are significant contributors to both air pollution and ultrafine particles in urban areas, and that a standardized measurement procedure is not currently available for ultrafine particles. The review found discrepancies exist between outcomes of instrumentation used to measure ultrafine particles; that few data is available on ultrafine particle chemistry and composition, long term monitoring; characterization of their spatial and temporal distribution in urban areas; and that no inventories for particle number are available for motor vehicle fleets. This knowledge is critical for epidemiological studies and exposure-response assessment. Conclusions from this review included the recommendation that ultrafine particles in populated urban areas be considered a likely target for future air quality regulation based on particle number, due to their potential impacts on the environment. The research in this PhD thesis successfully integrated the elements needed to quantify and manage motor vehicle fleet emissions, and its novelty relates to the combining of expertise from two distinctly separate disciplines - from aerosol science and transport modelling. The new knowledge and concepts developed in this PhD research provide never before available data and methods which can be used to develop comprehensive, size-resolved inventories of motor vehicle particle emissions, and air quality regulations to control particle emissions to protect the health and well-being of current and future generations.
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Grote, Matthew John. "Enhancing urban road traffic carbon dioxide emissions models." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/412711/.
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The aim of this project was to provide a more accurate representation of road traffic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in urban areas, whilst remaining within limited Local Government Authority (LGA) resources. Tailpipe emissions from vehicles on urban roads have damaging impacts, with the problem exacerbated by the common occurrence of congestion. The scope of the project was CO2 because it is by far the largest constituent (99%) of road traffic greenhouse gas emissions. LGAs are typically responsible for facilitating mitigation of these emissions and must engage in emissions modelling to quantify the impact of transport interventions. A review of relevant literature identified a research gap, which constituted an investigation into whether a Traffic Variable Emissions Model (EM) (i.e. based on input data aggregated at traffic level rather than disaggregated at vehicle level) represented optimal complexity for LGAs, improving on the ability of wellestablished Average Speed EMs to capture the influence on emissions of congestion, whilst remaining within resource constraints. British LGAs (n=34) were surveyed to discover general attitudes to emissions modelling. Results showed that resource scarcity is important, with particular importance attached to EM reusability and convenient input data sources. Data sources rated highly for convenience were Urban Traffic Control (UTC) systems and Road Traffic Models (RTMs). A new Traffic Variable EM was developed termed the Practical EM for Local Authorities (PEMLA). Using Southampton as a testbed, 514 real-world GPS driving patterns (1Hz speed-time profiles) were collected from 49 drivers of different vehicle types and used as inputs to a detailed, instantaneous EM to calculate accurate vehicle CO2 emissions (assumed to represent 'real-world' emissions). Concurrent data were collected from Inductive Loop Detectors (ILDs installed as part of UTC systems) crossed by vehicles during their journeys and used to calculate values for selected traffic variables. Relationships between traffic variables (predictor variables) and accurate emissions (outcome variable) were examined using statistical analysis. Results showed that PEMLA outperformed the well-established, next-best alternative EM available to LGAs (an Average Speed EM), with mean predictions of PEMLA found to be 2% greater than observed values, whilst mean predictions of the alternative EM were 12% less. PEMLA's contribution is two-fold. Firstly, it is closer to optimal complexity than the well-established Average Speed EM alternative. This was for two reasons: (1) PEMLA was more accurate through using as inputs other traffic variable congestion indicators (in addition to traffic average speed), which improved its ability to capture the influence of congestion on emissions; and (2) PEMLA consumes similar (or potentially lower) resources to operate because inputs are generated from ILD data, which are a by-product of UTC systems or can be readily simulated in RTMs. Secondly, it possesses attributes that addressed the identified limitations of other Traffic Variable EM alternatives. These two contributions make PEMLA a suitable option to be recommended for LGA use.
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Bennouna, Khalid. "Etude de l'emission et modelisation de la dispersion des polluants d'origine automobile." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077011.
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Le but de ce travail est de connaitre la repartition spatio-temporelle des concentrations des polluants emis par les vehicules automobiles dans differents types de voierie (autoroute, route et rue encaissee), afin de determiner le niveau previsible de la pollution a laquelle est soumise la population
Books on the topic "URBAN TRAFFIC EMISSION"
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Fuzio, Riccardo. Testo unificato della normativa sull'inquinamento atmosferico da traffico veicolare: Emissioni, qualità dei combustibili, piani urbani del traffico. Milano: Giuffrè, 1994.
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Urban transportation: Reducing vehicle emissions with transportation control measures : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1993.
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Tércio, Daniel, ed. TEPe 2022 - Encontro Internacional sobre a Cidade, o Corpo e o Som. INET-md, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53072/ilic8040.
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Os contextos pandémico e pós-pandémico vêm impondo às cidades outras dinâmicas, outros sons, outros ecos, outros percursos, outros visitantes humanos e não humanos. Durante o confinamento, o encerramento de espaços teatrais e expositivos – bem como, durante o desconfinamento, as limitações para a sua utilização - têm tido consequências penosas nas programações artísticas e efeitos dramáticos nos quotidianos dos seus agentes (artistas, técnicos, programadores, curadores, etc.). Ao mesmo tempo, a desaceleração da vida da cidade (do trânsito, do ritmo nas ruas, do frenesim produtivo e de consumo, etc.) veio contribuir beneficamente para uma diminuição das emissões de CO2. Neste quadro, a cidade - mais concretamente as suas zonas públicas a céu aberto – surgem mais nitidamente como espaços de circulação e de interferência (ou de suspensão de interferência) entre pessoas. O que aprendemos com a experiência de confinamento e desconfinamento? Em primeiro lugar, que a cidade tem uma densidade flutuante, na medida em que as concentrações populacionais se esvaem quando nos encerramos em casa. Em segundo lugar, que o encontro com o outro (uma das prerrogativas da cidade) pode acontecer em outras escalas que não apenas a dimensão cultural. Em terceiro lugar, que o medo pode ser um sentimento público capaz de fazer implodir as próprias cidades, se não for transformado numa força para a vida. Como é que, neste processo, os artistas se organizam e se constituem como agentes na cidade? Como é que a cidade passou a ser representada? Que cidade é aquela que desejamos? Este congresso surge assim da necessidade de intensificar o diálogo entre a cidade e a arte, em particular as artes performativas. Este encontro efoi o culminar de dois anos de investigação consistente e consolidada no âmbito do projecto TEPe (Technologically Expanded Performance). Ao longo destes dois anos, desenvolvemos atividades com a comunidade com o intuito de promover um diálogo intercultural e transdisciplinar, e proporcionar o encontro com vivências urbanas variadas. Através das diferentes propostas de percursos pela cidade, mapeámos acontecimentos, hoje invisíveis, mas ainda assim presentes: desde “memórias soterradas” a “caminhadas sensoriais”, passando por registos íntimos de confinamento. O encontro visou partilhar as experiências realizadas com a contribuição de duas equipas: a portuguesa, em Lisboa, e a brasileira, em Fortaleza. Para além de apresentarmos as conclusões das pesquisas realizadas, lançamos esta chamada para apresentações, especialmente destinada a artistas e estudiosos de performance art, historiadores das cidades, antropólogos, urbanistas, geógrafos, estudiosos da escuta e do som e a todxs aquelxs a quem interessa pensar (e projectar) a vida na cidade. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The pandemic and post-pandemic contexts have imposed on cities other dynamics, other sounds, other echoes, other routes, other human and non-human visitors. During the lockdown, the closure of theatrical and exhibition spaces - as well as, during lockdown unlocking, the limitations for their use - have had painful consequences in artistic programming and dramatic effects in the daily lives of its agents (artists, technicians, programmers, curators, etc.). At the same time, the slowing down of city life (traffic, the pace of the streets, the frenzy of production and consumption, etc.) has made a beneficial contribution to a reduction in CO2 emissions. In this context, the city - and more specifically its open-air public areas - emerge more clearly as spaces for circulation and interference (or suspension of interference) between people. What have we learned from the experience of national lockdown and unlocking? Firstly, that the city has a fluctuating density, insofar as population concentrations fade when we shut ourselves indoors. Secondly, the encounter with the other (one of the prerogatives of the city) can take place on other scales than the cultural dimension alone. Thirdly, fear can be a public sentiment capable of imploding cities themselves if it is not transformed into a force for life. How, in this process, are artists organised and constituted as agents in the city? How did the city come to be represented? What kind of city do we want? This congress thus arises from the need to intensify the dialogue between the city and art, particularly the performing arts. This international meeting is the culmination of two years of consistent and consolidated research within the TEPe (Technologically Expanded Performance) project. Throughout these two years, we have developed activities with the community to promote intercultural and transdisciplinary dialogue and provide an encounter with varied urban experiences. Through the different proposals of walks through the city, we have mapped events, today invisible, but still present: from "buried memories" to "sensorial walks", passing through intimate records of confinement. The meeting aims to share the experiences carried out with the contribution of two teams: the Portuguese, in Lisbon, and the Brazilian, in Fortaleza. Besides presenting the conclusions of the researches carried out, we launch this call for presentations, especially addressed to artists and scholars of performance art, historians of cities, anthropologists, urban planners, geographers, scholars of listening and sound and to all those who are interested in thinking (and projecting) life in the city.
Book chapters on the topic "URBAN TRAFFIC EMISSION"
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Mitran, Gabriela, Sorin Ilie, and Ion Tabacu. "The Estimation of CO2 Emission from Road Vehicles by Traffic Macro-Simulation." In Urban Environment, 365–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7756-9_32.
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Rahman, Sumaiya, and Mithun Mohan. "Reduction of Vehicular Emission at Urban Road Junctions Through Traffic Interventions." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 195–205. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2556-8_15.
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Angelone, Massimo, F. Spaziani, C. Cremisini, and A. Salluzzo. "Determination of PGE and REE in urban matrices and fingerprinting of traffic emission contamination." In Alliance For Global Sustainability Bookseries, 271–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6010-6_25.
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El-Fadel, M., H. Sbayti, and I. Kaysi. "Modeling of Traffic-Induced Emission Inventories in Urban Areas. Effect of Roadway Network Aggregation Levels Traffic Management and Technology." In Air Pollution Modelling and Simulation, 187–202. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04956-3_20.
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Lynnyk, Iryna, Kateryna Vakulenko, and Elena Lezhneva. "Analysis of the Air Quality in Considering the Impact of the Atmospheric Emission from the Urban Road Traffic." In Research Methods in Modern Urban Transportation Systems and Networks, 13–27. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71708-7_2.
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Bruno, Giuseppe, and Gennaro Improta. "Traffic Control under Pollutant Emissions Constraints." In Urban Traffic Networks, 187–209. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79641-8_7.
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Soares, Joana, Miranda Loh, Ari Karppinen, Leena Kangas, Kari Riikonen, Matti Jantunen, and Jaakko Kukkonen. "Intake Fraction for Benzene Traffic Emissions in Helsinki." In Highway and Urban Environment, 71–77. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3043-6_8.
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Nagpure, Ajay S., and Bhola R. Gurjar. "Urban Traffic Emissions and Associated Environmental Impacts in India." In Novel Combustion Concepts for Sustainable Energy Development, 405–14. New Delhi: Springer India, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2211-8_17.
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Borrego, C., O. Tchepel, A. Monteiro, N. Barros, and A. Miranda. "Influence of Traffic Emissions Estimation Variability on Urban Air Quality Modelling." In Urban Air Quality — Recent Advances, 487–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0312-4_35.
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Bhaduri, Budhendra, Ryan McManamay, Olufemi Omitaomu, Jibo Sanyal, and Amy Rose. "Urban Energy Systems: Research at Oak Ridge National Laboratory." In Urban Informatics, 281–308. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8983-6_18.
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AbstractIn the coming decades, our planet will witness unprecedented urban population growth in both established and emerging communities. The development and maintenance of urban infrastructures are highly energy-intensive. Urban areas are dictated by complex intersections among physical, engineered, and human dimensions that have significant implications for traffic congestion, emissions, and energy usage. In this chapter, we highlight recent research and development efforts at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), the largest multipurpose science laboratory within the U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) national laboratory system, that characterizes the interactions between the human dynamics and critical infrastructures in conjunction with the integration of four distinct components: data, critical infrastructure models, and scalable computation and visualization, all within the context of physical and social systems. Discussions focus on four key topical themes: population and land use, sustainable mobility, the energy-water nexus, and urban resiliency, that are mutually aligned with DOE’s mission and ORNL’s signature science and technology capabilities. Using scalable computing, data visualization, and unique datasets from a variety of sources, the institute fosters innovative interdisciplinary research that integrates ORNL expertise in critical infrastructures including energy, water, transportation, and cyber, and their interactions with the human population.
Conference papers on the topic "URBAN TRAFFIC EMISSION"
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Feng, Xiao, and Silong Cheng. "Pollutions from Motor Vehicle Emission in Chongqing Urban Area." In International Conference on Traffic and Transportation Studies (ICTTS) 2002. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40630(255)9.
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Csikos, Alfred, Tamas Tettamanti, and Istvan Varga. "Urban perimeter control for emission reduction and traffic performance improvement." In 2014 22nd Mediterranean Conference of Control and Automation (MED). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/med.2014.6961498.
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Zeng, Jun, Zhenjun Zhu, and Jiaqi Meng. "Urban Commuter Traffic Carbon Emission Model Based on Life Cycle." In 14th COTA International Conference of Transportation Professionals. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413623.288.
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"Control Measures of Energy Consumption and Carbon Emission in Urban Traffic." In 2017 3rd International Conference on Environment, Biology, Medicine and Computer Applications. Francis Academic Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.25236/icebmca.2017.01.
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Zhang, Ben, Lei Shang, and Dan Chen. "A Study on the Traffic Intersection Vehicle Emission Base on Urban Microscopic Traffic Simulation Model." In 2009 First International Workshop on Education Technology and Computer Science. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/etcs.2009.438.
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Tamás, Péter, István Lakatos, and Szauter Ferenc. "Analysis of the Complex Environmental Impact on Urban Trajectories." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47077.
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Modeling traffic processes on large-scale road networks leads to the application of positive non-linear systems, Luenberger (1979). Running profiles can be gained from the applied large-size network model based on previous validations, which are sufficiently complex, complicated and built up by accelerations, decelerations and frequent stops. To develop accelerated methods for analyzing complex environmental impact on urban trajectories. Our planned researches on emission encourage the further standardization and beyond that, the bilateral interoperability. According to our goals we point out on the differences, which have to be taken into account in the urban traffic also, and of which the lab measurements may vary. Real processes operate like this, which differ from those applied in laboratories and on roller brake test bench. In reality, however, vehicle emission strongly depends on driving style; moreover, it is also affected by any change in traffic flow. Significant differences can be realized in various regions and countries. The role of the optimal vehicle control is highlighted in every case. The same can be stated of the environmental loads of pollutant emissions and concerning the vehicle and environment dynamic. The detailed analysis introduced above has big impact on further automotive researches as being rapid and applicable for big number of vehicles providing statistical support.
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Boitor, Rozalia Melania, Rodica Dorina Cadar, Petru Daniel Maran, and Marco Petrelli. "AN INNOVATIVE TOOL FOR THE EVALUATION OF NOx EMISSIONS FROM ROAD TRAFFIC." In 11th International Conference “Environmental Engineering”. VGTU Technika, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2020.630.
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In the last years, there was great interest in the development of tools for an effective evaluation of road transport pollutant-related emissions, especially in the urban areas. This paper represents an innovative approach for identifying criticalities about pollutant emissions associated with road traffic and for defining effective policies in order to decrease pollutant emissions. The proposed tool concerns the development of an emission indicator, a proxy measure, which is useful for the assessment of emission problems, based on the use of GPS (Global Positioning System) instantaneous vehicle speed data. The tool can be considered an innovative and adequate solution in many cases in which the development of a valid and robust traffic simulation model, especially DTA (dynamic traffic assignment) is not available in the medium- and short-term horizon. The methodological process concerns the monitoring of road traffic conditions using GPS data from probe vehicles in combination with the use of GIS (Geographic Information System) for the estimation of an emission indicator. The tool has been tested on a real case study in the city of Cluj in Romania for the NOx emissions. The results show the utility of the tool in supporting policy and decision making, due to its ease of application and consistency, especially in defining critical areas.
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Zhang, Liguo, Mengning Ou, Xu Fu, and Xupu Yan. "Using smartphones to estimate vehicle emission under urban traffic levels-of-service." In 2016 12th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (WCICA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2016.7578565.
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Berge, Truls, and Svein Å. Storeheier. "Parameters Influencing the Noise Emission Levels from Passenger Cars in Urban Traffic." In 1986 SAE International Off-Highway and Powerplant Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/861286.
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Ying, Liang, Li Honglian, and Jiang Shanshan. "Improving Urban Traffic Mobility and Reducing Emission with Day-to-day Pricing." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Economic Management and Green Development (ICEMGD 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icemgd-18.2018.26.
Full textReports on the topic "URBAN TRAFFIC EMISSION"
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Hartle, Jennifer C., Ossama (Sam) A. Elrahman, Cara Wang, Daniel A. Rodriguez, Yue Ding, and Matt McGahan. Assessing Public Health Benefits of Replacing Freight Trucks with Cargo Cycles in Last Leg Delivery Trips in Urban Centers. Mineta Transportation Institute, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.1952.
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Increased urbanization, population growth, and demand for time-sensitive deliveries means increased freight movement in cities, which contributes to emissions, noise, and safety concerns. One innovative mode gaining widespread attention for urban deliveries is cargo cycles—bicycles adapted for freight delivery. Despite the recognized potential and possible success of transporting at least 25% of freight via cycle, research remains limited. This research investigates the potential of cargo cycle delivery for last mile freight in Oakland, California, with a focus on the West Oakland neighborhood. The data collection included interviews, focus groups, vehicle field observation and counts, and traffic simulation modeling. The traffic simulation examined scenarios where businesses converted different percentages of current deliveries to cargo cycles using a transfer hub as the starting point for their cargo cycle delivery. The best-case scenario—where the maximum percentage of deliveries were made with cargo cycle instead of motorized vehicles—resulted in reductions of 2600 vehicle miles traveled (VMT) per day. In that case scenario, the vehicle miles traveled (VMT) reduction is equivalent to a reduction in emissions of PM2.5, PM10, NOx, and reactive organic gas (ROG) of taking about 1000 Class 4 box trucks off the roads of West Oakland per day. In the worst-case scenario, with a significantly smaller percentage of motorized package deliveries converted to cargo cycles, there is a reduction of 160 VMT, equivalent to the removal of approximately 80 Class 4 box trucks off the roads of West Oakland per day. This potential reduction in air pollution and traffic congestion, as well as job creation, would benefit West Oakland residents.
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Kwon, Jaymin, Yushin Ahn, and Steve Chung. Spatio-Temporal Analysis of the Roadside Transportation Related Air Quality (STARTRAQ) and Neighborhood Characterization. Mineta Transportation Institute, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2010.
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To promote active transportation modes (such as bike ride and walking), and to create safer communities for easier access to transit, it is essential to provide consolidated data-driven transportation information to the public. The relevant and timely information from data facilitates the improvement of decision-making processes for the establishment of public policy and urban planning for sustainable growth, and for promoting public health in the region. For the characterization of the spatial variation of transportation-emitted air pollution in the Fresno/Clovis neighborhood in California, various species of particulate matters emitted from traffic sources were measured using real-time monitors and GPS loggers at over 100 neighborhood walking routes within 58 census tracts from the previous research, Children’s Health to Air Pollution Study - San Joaquin Valley (CHAPS-SJV). Roadside air pollution data show that PM2.5, black carbon, and PAHs were significantly elevated in the neighborhood walking air samples compared to indoor air or the ambient monitoring station in the Central Fresno area due to the immediate source proximity. The simultaneous parallel measurements in two neighborhoods which are distinctively different areas (High diesel High poverty vs. Low diesel Low poverty) showed that the higher pollution levels were observed when more frequent vehicular activities were occurring around the neighborhoods. Elevated PM2.5 concentrations near the roadways were evident with a high volume of traffic and in regions with more unpaved areas. Neighborhood walking air samples were influenced by immediate roadway traffic conditions, such as encounters with diesel trucks, approaching in close proximity to freeways and/or busy roadways, passing cigarette smokers, and gardening activity. The elevated black carbon concentrations occur near the highway corridors and regions with high diesel traffic and high industry. This project provides consolidated data-driven transportation information to the public including: 1. Transportation-related particle pollution data 2. Spatial analyses of geocoded vehicle emissions 3. Neighborhood characterization for the built environment such as cities, buildings, roads, parks, walkways, etc.
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Furman, Burford, Laxmi Ramasubramanian, Shannon McDonald, Ron Swenson, Jack Fogelquist, Yu Chiao, Alex Pape, and Mario Cruz. Solar-Powered Automated Transportation: Feasibility and Visualization. Mineta Transportation Institute, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1948.
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A solar-powered automated transportation network (ATN) connecting the North and South campuses of San José State University with three passenger stations was designed, visualized, and analyzed in terms of its energy usage, carbon offset, and cost. The study’s methodology included the use of tools and software such as ArcGIS, SketchUp, Infraworks, Sketchup, Rhinoceros, and Autodesk 3DS Max. ATN vehicle energy usage was estimated using data from the university’s Park & Ride shuttle bus operation and by modeling with SUMOPy, the advanced simulation suite for the micro-traffic simulator SUMO. The energy study showed that an extensive solar photovoltaic (PV) canopy over the guideway and stations is sufficient for the network to run 24/7 in better-than-zero net-metered conditions—even if ridership were to increase 15% above that predicted from SJSU Park & Ride shuttle data. The resulting energy system has a PV-rated output of 6.2 MW, a battery system capacity of 9.8 MWh, and an estimated cost of $11.4 million USD. The solar ATN also produces 98% lower CO2 and PM2.5 emissions compared to the Park & Ride shuttle bus. A team of experts including urban planners, architects, and engineers designed and visualized the conceptual prototype, including a comprehensive video explaining the need for solar ATN and what a typical rider would experience while utilizing the system. This research demonstrates both benefits and challenges for solar-powered ATN, as well as its functionality within the urban built environment to serve diverse San José neighborhoods.