Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Urban tourism destination'

After the U.S. Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s and the desegregation of public transportation and facilities and with the advancements that African Americans have gained in education, income, and employment, African Americans have greater access to travel opportunities. Today's African Americans travel in greater numbers than ever before and represent a dynamic and growing travel market segment that according to the Travel Industry Association of America (TIA) (2003) generated 75 million person trips in 2002. Although there have been several studies conducted on the differences between ethnic or racial groups with regard to their participation in outdoor recreation, research on differences between African American and White traveler behaviors in the urban tourism context is sparse. This study examined the differences between African American and White travelers who visited the city of New Orleans. Specifically, the study investigated demographic variables (income and gender) for their contribution to the differences between African American and White travelers in the modes of travel, activities participated in, sources of travel information, importance of destination activities, satisfaction with destination attributes, and spending patterns. Significant differences were found in modes of travel, activities participated in, sources of information, information of destination attributes findings (popular, African American Values, and sport and recreation), satisfaction with New Orleans on the destination attributes entertainment, African American Values, and spending. Although the findings of this study reflect the trip characteristics of travelers to New Orleans, future research should examine the applicability to other urban tourism destinations.

Aquesta tesi doctoral sorgeix de la necessitat d’aprofundir en el coneixement de les mobilitats dels visitants, entendre les decisions que configuren el seu comportament espacio-temporal i identificar i explorar els efectes que les seves mobilitats tenen sobre les destinacions urbanes. La tesi es desenvolupa entorn a quatre objectius específics que s’emmarquen en l’àmbit de recerca relacionat amb el seguiment de l’activitat dels visitants en destinacions turístiques urbanes. Cadascun d’aquests objectius es desenvolupa en cadascun dels articles científics que conformen aquesta tesi doctoral, publicats tots ells en revistes de revisió per parells. El primer article es proposa com a objectiu identificar els factors, relacionats amb el perfil socioeconòmic dels turistes i amb les característiques de la seva estada, que determinen la selecció d’opcions de transport i mobilitat sostenible per moure’s per la destinació urbana. El segon article pretén analitzar i comprendre com afecta el comportament espacio-temporal dels turistes en els seus patrons de consum econòmic i, per tant, en la generació d’ingressos per a l’economia local. El tercer article es proposa analitzar la influència de l’espai urbà sobre la forma en què els visitants es desplacen per la destinació. I finalment, el quart article té per objectiu reconstruir trajectòries i/o fluxos espacio-temporals a partir de dades geolocalitzades de les xarxes socials per tal de detectar patrons de mobilitat dels visitants de destinacions urbanes. Les fonts de dades i els mètodes utilitzats per complir amb els objectius de partida són diverses. En aquest sentit, la tesi aporta també una àmplia radiografia dels pros i les contres de les diferents fonts de dades disponibles per a l’anàlisi de les mobilitats dels visitants en destinacions turístiques.
Esta tesis doctoral surge de la necesidad de profundizar en el conocimiento de las movilidades de los visitantes,entender las decisiones que configuran su comportamiento espaciotemporal e identificar y explorar los efectos que sus movilidades tienen sobre los destinos urbanos. La tesis se desarrolla en torno a cuatro objetivos específicos que se enmarcan en el ámbito de investigación de seguimiento de visitantes, y que se desarrollan en cada uno de los artículos científicos, publicados todos ellos en revistas de revisión por pares, que conforman esta tesis. El primer artículo se propone como objetivo identificar los factores, relacionados con el perfil socioeconómicos de los turistas y con las características de su estancia, que determinan la selección de opciones de transporte y movilidad sostenible para moverse por el destino urbano. El segundo artículo pretende analizar y comprender cómo afecta el comportamiento espaciotemporal de los turistas en sus patrones de consumo económico y, por tanto, en la generación de ingresos para la economía local. El tercer artículo se propone analizar la influencia del espacio urbano sobre la forma en que los visitantes se desplazan por el destino. Y finalmente, el cuarto artículo tiene por objetivo reconstruir trayectorias y / o flujos espaciotemporales a partir de datos geolocalizados de las redes sociales para detectar patrones de movilidad de los visitantes de destinos urbanos. Las fuentes de datos y los métodos utilizados para cumplir con los objetivos de partida son diversos. En este sentido, la tesis aporta también una amplia radiografía de los pros y contras de las diferentes fuentes de datos disponibles para el análisis de las movilidades de los visitantes en destinos turísticos.
This dissertation arises from the need to deepen the knowledge of the mobility of visitors, understand the decisions that shape their spatiotemporal behaviour and identify and explore the effects that their mobility has on urban destinations. The thesis is developed around four specific objectives that fall within the scope of visitor tracking research, and that are developed in each of the scientific articles, all of them published in peer-reviewed journals, that make up this thesis. The first article aims to identify the factors, related to the socioeconomic profile of tourists and the characteristics of their stay, that determine the selection of sustainable transport and mobility options to move within the urban destination. The second article aims to analyse and understand how the visitors’ spatiotemporal behaviour affects their patterns of economic consumption and, therefore, the generation of income for the local economy. The third article aims to analyse the influence of the built environment on the visitors’ mobilities at destination. And finally, the fourth article aims to reconstruct trajectories and / or spatiotemporal flows from geolocated data obtained from social networks in order to detect visitors’ mobility patterns at urban destinations. The data sources and methods used to meet the objectives are multiple. In this sense, the thesis also provides an extensive x-ray of the pros and cons of the different data sources available for the analysis of visitors’ mobilities in tourist destinations.

Architecture forms an inherent part of urban tourism. Nevertheless, so far little research has been carried out regarding the interdependencies between urban tourism and architecture in general, as well as contemporary architecture in particular. Furthermore, there is a lack of literature regarding the reasons for contemporary architecture attracting tourism. Therefore, the present thesis is based on two principle research questions: 1. What is the role of contemporary architecture in urban tourism destinations? 2. Why is contemporary architecture attracting tourism? Taking a twofold approach, the theoretical part of the thesis was based on a comprehensive literature review – including a wide variety of related disciplines – and dedicated to the first principle research question. Thus, by means of a contextual view, it was demonstrated that contemporary architecture can play a multitude of important roles in urban tourism, and contribute to the image of an urban destination. Devoted to the second principle research question, the empirical part of the thesis was built on exploratory case study research at the locations of Berlin and Beijing. First, by means of content analysis of travel guidebooks, for both case study locations a sample of contemporary architecture with significance for tourism has been identified. And secondly, for each of the samples’ units of analysis, a specific level of touristic significance, related to different roles (or types) of tourists, has been measured. Furthermore, specific features and characteristics, distinguishing the selected architectures, have been observed and allocated. Using univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis techniques, during the ensuing data evaluation, those features and combinations of features with an influence on the touristic significance of contemporary architecture have been identified. As a result, around 50% of the analysed relations showed significant signs of dependency. Important modalities for the touristic significance of contemporary architecture turned out to be, for instance, having a touristic function, being accessible for visitors, being of large size and showing predominance towards the surrounding built environment. However, depending on the evaluated roles of tourists, the results differed.
L’arquitectura forma una part inherent del turisme urbà. Malgrat aquest fet, fins ara han estat molt poques les recerques portades a terme que facin referència a la interdependència entre el turisme urbà i l’arquitectura en general; així com de l’arquitectura contemporània en particular. Cal constatar també la manca de literatura pel que fa a les raons per les quals l’arquitectura contemporània atrau al turisme. Tenint en compte tot el anteriorment mencionat, la següent tesis es basa en la recerca de dues preguntes principals: 1. Quin és el paper de l’arquitectura contemporània en les destinacions de turisme urbà? 2. Què és el què fa que l’arquitectura contemporània atragui al turisme? Tenint en compte aquesta doble aproximació, la part teòrica de la tesis fou basada en una exhaustiva ressenya (incloent una àmplia varietat de disciplines relacionades) i dedicada a la pregunta principal de la recerca. D’aquesta manera, partint d’una visió contextual, s’ha demostrat que l’arquitectura contemporània pot jugar múltiples i importants papers dins el turisme urbà, així com contribuir a la imatge d’una destinació turística urbana. Lleial al segon principi de la pregunta de la recerca, la part empírica de la tesis fou construïda en l’exploració d’un cas d’estudi de recerca en els emplaçaments de Berlín i Pekín. Primerament, i mitjançant l’anàlisi del contingut de guies de viatges, en l’estudi d’ambdues localitzacions s’ha identificat una mostra d’arquitectura contemporània amb significança pel turisme. En segon lloc, i per cadascuna de les mostres de les unitats d’anàlisi, s’ha mesurat un nivell de significança turística específic que es relaciona amb els diferents papers (tipus) de turisme. També s’han observat trets i característiques específiques que es poden distingir entre les diferents tipologies de turisme observades i establertes Emprant tècniques d’anàlisis d’una, dues i múltiples variables, al llarg de la avaluació resultant de la informació, s’han identificat aquells trets i combinacions de trets amb una influència en la importància del turisme en l’arquitectura contemporània. Com a resultat, al voltant del 50% de les relacions analitzades mostraren indicis de dependència significatius. Modalitats importants per a la significança turística de l’arquitectura contemporània foren per exemple tenir una funció turística, ser accessible als visitants, ser de grans mides i mostrar predominança respecte a l’entorn construït. Malgrat tot, i depenent de l’avaluació dels diferents models de turisme, els resultats difereixen.

This essay will examine in which way festival tourism can affect the physical location of a festival and to operationalize this we implemented a case study of the music festival Storsjöyran. Storsjöyran is a Swedish music festival held annually in the city of Östersund and since the festival, with the accompanying festival week, attract up to 300 000 visitors annually, we wanted to see what impact the festival contributed to from a development perspective of the destination. The method for gathering data has consisted of both qualitative and quantitative approaches and the data was collected via interviews and questionnaires. We also presented various theories about festival tourism and destination development, as well as previous research on urban festivals. The conclusion is that Storsjöyran contributes to a variety of factors which can help Östersund to a destination development and increased tourism. The essential and most prominent effect we have seen is in what way Storsjöyran helps Östersund to become a vibrant and attractive city and how the festival contributes to the people living there can feel proud of their city.

Die Dissertation zeigt am Fallbeispiel Berlin, wie stadttouristische Konflikte politisch-administrativ (ent-)problematisiert werden. Die Forschung zur Governance konflikthafter touristischer Phänomene (z. B. Gewerbe-Monostrukturierung) betreibt bislang v. a. good governance-Kritik, oder sie thematisiert die Konflikt-Governance zeitdiagnostisch als Ausdruck unternehmerischer/postpolitischer Stadtpolitiken. Demgegenüber greift die Dissertation das konzeptuell etablierte Postulat auf, bereits die Deutung zu bearbeitender Probleme als zentralen Aspekt von Governance zu verstehen. In der empirisch-analytischen Anwendung wird der Governance-Begriff als „Sehhilfe“ zur differenzierten Beschreibung von problembezogenen Governance-Arrangements herangezogen. Mittels einer Dokumentenanalyse und einer Ethnografie der Tourismusmanagement-Praxis werden sechs einschlägige Techniken der (Ent-)Problematisierung tourismusbedingter Konflikte herausgearbeitet: 1. die geschichtliche Naturalisierung von Interessenskonflikten, 2. die moralische Begrenzung von Debattierbarkeit, 3. die statistische Definition von Problemwahrnehmung, 4. die konzeptuelle Regulierung von Rechenschaftspflichten, 5. die partizipatorische Thematisierung von Problemen und 6. die begriffliche Konsensualisierung von Lösungen. Das Zusammenwirken dieser Governance-Techniken wird in Anlehnung an Mariana Valverde als ein Seeing Like a Tourist City betitelt: Probleme eines konflikthaften Tourismus sind nicht gegeben, sie werden politisch-administrativ mit diversen (teils widersprüchlichen) komplexitätsreduzierenden Mitteln geformt (u. a. moralisch, statistisch, geschichtlich), kontextspezifisch artikuliert (u. a. öffentlich-medial, in Partizipationsforen), verfahrensförmig negiert und nicht zuletzt in Abhängigkeit verfügbarer Lösungen hervorgebracht. Anwendungsorientiert gewendet macht die Dissertation das Zusammenwirken der o. g. Techniken als aktives Verwalten tourismusbedingter Konflikte (an-)greifbar.
The thesis explores how conflictive urban tourism phenomena (e. g. commercial gentrification) are (de-)problematized by governmental actors in Berlin. Hitherto, research on “overtourism”-governance has been dominated by good governance criticism; alternatively, governance of conflict-prone urban tourism is discussed as manifestation of an entrepreneurial or post-political urban governance. The thesis, however, seizes on the conceptual claim to understand the way in which tourism conflicts are framed, constructed or contested by governmental bodies as key aspect of governance. Employing the notion of governance as analytical lens to comprehensively describe problem-oriented governance settings, six key techniques used to (de-)problematize tourism-induced conflicts haven been identified (building on document analysis and an ethnography of destination management practice): 1. Mobilising history to naturalise conflicts; 2. Limiting the debate about conflict-prone tourism under moral aspects; 3. Defining the perception of problems statistically; 4. Adjusting accountability conceptually; 5. Addressing problems by means of participatory forums; 6. Achieving consensual solutions by notions (e. g. “sustainability”). Referring to Valverde the combination of the governance techniques is dubbed as Seeing Like a Tourist City: problems of conflictive tourism do not exist a priori, but are constructed in an active political-administrative way. Problems of conflictive tourism are framed by (in part contractionary) ways of knowing (morally, statistically, by legends); conflicts are represented in highly context-specific manners, they are denied by administrative proceedings and intimately linked to the availability of solutions. The combination of the above-mentioned governance techniques represents an “active administration” of tourism conflicts; the „busy“ but noncommittal governance remains in well-established patterns of (discursively) reconciling problems and solutions.

Hållbar destinationsutveckling ses idag som en viktig motor för regional tillväxt och utveckling. Trots detta råder en osäkerhet om vad det innebär i praktiken och det saknas en tydlig vägledning för hur destinationer kan utvecklas utan bekostnad på samhällsutvecklingen och den befintliga omgivningen. Genom en diskursanalys av material inhämtad via plandokument och en intervju har vi undersökt hållbarhetsaspekter samt drivkrafter och motsättningar i samband med etableringen av semesterresorten Lalandia i Motala kommun. Vi finner att avvägningar mellan ekonomiska, ekologiska och sociala värden görs till förmån för den ekonomiska tillväxt som är en stark drivkraft i etableringen av Lalandia. Studien talar därmed för att tillväxtdiskursen dominerar i projektet, vilket föranletts av kommunens starka ekonomiska intresse i projektet. Resultaten påvisar även att vad som bedöms hållbart respektive ohållbart beror på den enskilda aktörens tolkning av begreppet hållbarhet, vilket bekräftar vad som återfunnits i tidigare forskningsstudier.
Sustainable destination development is regarded as an important engine for regional growth and development. Despite this, there is an uncertainty about what it means in practice and there is no clear guidance to how destinations can be developed without expense at the development of society and the existing environment. Through a discourse analysis of material obtained via planning documents and an interview, we have investigated sustainability aspects as well as the driving forces and contradictions in the establishment of Lalandia, a holiday destination, in Motala municipality. We find that trade-offs between economical, ecological and social values are made in favor of economic growth, which is a strong driving force in the establishment of Lalandia. The study thus indicate that the growth discourse dominates in the project, which is a result of the municipality's strong economic interest in the project.The results also show that what is considered sustainable or unsustainable depends on the individual actor's interpretation of the concept of sustainability, which confirms what has been found in previous research studies.

Bakgrund: År 2030 ska Stockholm vara en storstad och en evenemangsstad i världsklass, detta i enlighet med Stockholms stads Vision 2030. Fram till dess ska bland annat mål för ökad företagsamhet och utveckling inom turismnäringen, ökad kvalitet inom utbildning och ett ökat samarbete mellan den privata och offentliga sektorn uppnås och förverkligas. Stockholmsarenan är en del av visionen, som en pusselbit i den infrastruktur som behövs, för att uppnå status som en evenemangsstad i världsklass. Syfte: Syftet med denna kandidatuppsats är att erhålla ökad förståelse för hur de inblandade aktörerna i Stockholmsarenaprojektet tillsammans skapar en ny evenemangsdestination och göra den till en framgångsrik punktdestination. Vi ämnar belysa de utvalda faktorerna och hur de påverkar utvecklingen av Stockholmsarenan samt hur arenaprojektet påverkar sitt direkta närområde och Stockholm som destination. Frågeställning: Vilka förutsättningar inom faktorerna plats, marknadsföring, säkerhet och miljö samt ekonomiska resurser lägger grunden för en framgångsrik utveckling av Stockholmsarenan? Hur ser kommunikationen och samarbetet ut mellan de olika aktörerna i projektet med Stockholmsarenan? Hur påverkas området runtom Stockholmsarenan och staden i sig av en satsning som denna? Metod: Kvalitativa metoder har använts under arbetets gång genom djupintervjuer, litteraturstudier och kvalitativa dataanalyser av den insamlade empirin för att besvara problemformuleringarna. Intervjuer med offentliga aktörer inblandade i projektet samt privatpersoner som direkt påverkas av arenaprojektet har utförts. Teori: Uppsatsens teoretiska referensram omfattar teorier gällande; destinationsutveckling, storstadsturism, information och effektiv kommunikation samt teorier om NIMBY, sportarenor och sportevenemang och hur de påverkar sin omgivning. Slutsats: En rad faktorer påverkar hur framgångsrikt projektet Stockholmsarenan blir. Ett väl fungerande samarbete, en välplanerad kommunikation inom projektet och ut mot allmänheten samt även långsiktiga planer och strategier är av stor vikt. Författarna tror att Stockholmsarenan, tillsammans med Stockholm Entertainment District, på lång sikt kommer att gynna Stockholm som evenemangsstad.
Background: In the year 2030 Stockholm is going to be a metropolis and a city of world class events, in accordance with the City of Stockholm's Vision 2030. Until then, among other objectives for greater entrepreneurship and development in tourism, increased quality in education and increased collaboration between the private and public sector must be achieved and realized. The Stockholm Arena is part of that vision, as a piece of the infrastructure puzzle needed to attain the status of being an event city of world class. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to obtain understanding of how participants in the Stockholm Arena project work together to create a successful event destination and point destination. We intend to shed light on the factors that influence the development of the Stockholm Arena as well as how the project affects its immediate vicinity and Stockholm as a destination. Questions at issue: Which circumstances within factors of location, marketing, safety and environment as well as economic resources lay the foundation for the successful development of the Stockholm Arena? How does the communication and collaboration between the different participants involved in the project with the Stockholm Arena manifest itself?  How does a building project like the Stockholm Arena affect its immediate area and the city itself? Method: The authors of this thesis have conducted qualitative interviews. The interviews include people from the companies involved in the building of the Stockholm Arena and local residents in the near vicinity of the arena. Theory: As theoretical framework the authors have used theories of; destination development, urban tourism, information and effective communication as well as theories of NIMBY, sport arenas and sporting events and how they affect their environment. Conclusion: A number of factors influence how successful the Stockholm Arena project will become: good cooperation, a well-planned communication within the project and towards the public and also long-term plans and strategies. The authors believe that the Stockholm Arena together with the Stockholm Entertainment District in the long-term will promote and benefit Stockholm as an event location.

Destinations must project a strong and differentiated brand image to position themselves in a competitive market. To this end, official websites have become a key instrument in the portrayal of the desired image and as the place where tourists expect to find everything about the destination. In this study, the official websites of the 12 most popular urban destinations in Europe are analyzed with a two-fold purpose: to describe their projected image, and to explore the relationship between brand image and brand personality in their discourse. The results highlight cultural activities, tourist packages, and food and drink associations as the three core components of the European cities’ offer. Similarly, while all destinations project highly exciting personalities, the traits related to the other personality dimensions are those that differentiate the destinations in the competitive context. Finally, the study shows that some product-related associations are more likely to transmit specific personality traits.
Les destinacions han de projectar una imatge de marca robusta i diferenciada en un mercat competitiu. Així, els webs oficials s’han convertit en un instrument clau per transmetre la imatge desitjada, i en el lloc on els turistes esperen trobar tota la informació sobre la destinació. L’estudi analitza el lloc web oficial de les 12 destinacions urbanes més populars d’Europa amb un doble objectiu: descriure la imatge que projecten, i explorar la relació entre imatge i personalitat de marca en el discurs. Els resultats destaquen les activitats culturals, els paquets turístics i la gastronomia com els principals components de la oferta de les ciutats. També demostren que totes les destinacions projecten una personalitat forta en emoció, però són les altres dimensions de la personalitat aquelles que contribueixen a la diferenciació. Finalment, l’estudi identifica la propensió de determinades associacions relacionades amb el producte a transmetre trets de personalitat de marca específics.
Los destinos deben proyectar una imagen de marca robusta y diferenciada en un mercado competitivo. Así, los sitios web oficiales se han convertido en un instrumento clave para transmitir la imagen deseada, i en el sitio donde los turistas esperan encontrar toda la información sobre el destino. Este estudio analiza el sitio web oficial de los 12 destinos urbanos más populares de Europa con un doble objetivo: describir la imagen que proyectan, y explorar la relación entre imagen y personalidad de marca en el discurso. Los resultados destacan las actividades culturales, los paquetes turísticos y la gastronomía como los principales componentes de la oferta de las ciudades. También demuestran que todos los destinos proyectan una personalidad fuerte en emoción, pero son las otras dimensiones de personalidad aquellas que contribuyen a la diferenciación. Finalmente, el estudio identifica la propensión de determinadas asociaciones relacionadas con el producto a transmitir rasgos de personalidad de marca específicos.

Spanish Mediterranean coasts are known as famous tourism destinations and have been under the construction of tourist accommodations and second home developments for several decades. These areas have faced with unsustainability symptoms resulted from the seasonality nature of mass tourism and sprawl form of urban land use. In this situation, international retirement migration has appeared as a phenomenon impacting in these coastal areas while the recent demographic projections show the increase of ageing in Europe. This fact, will generate changes in demography of international tourists of these destinations and require a specific evaluation according to elderly preferences. In such a pattern, European visitors who are retired or getting retired within 20 years are the target group of this research to seek two aims: first, evaluating the geographic-urban attributes that this person does consider in selecting the location of their desired second home, particularly for retirement period; and the second aim is evaluating their desired residential preferences. Regarding the first aim, the analysis includes evaluating the physical and quantitative urban factors that could change or influence tourists¿ evaluation toward decision of buying or renting a second home in coastal areas. These variables are categorized in built environment, socio-cultural environment and natural environment categories. In addition, the role of Mediterranean cities¿ characteristics as a probable attraction of the area in such a decision is evaluated. The second aim, refers to the residential preferences by an approach on the desirability of assisted living facilities for the second home. Moreover, regarding the seasonal use of tourist accommodation in coastal areas, as a prospective adjective, it¿s intended to assess if it¿s possible to promote a model of second home for retirees in such tourist accommodation during the low season of tourism. As the study area, Costa Brava, a famous tourism destination in the northeastern part of the Spanish Mediterranean coast, is selected in which second home has a remarkable share in its real estate market. The research by a quantitative approach is conducted through a questionnaire including listed geographic, urban and residential variables in Likert scale and 191 fulfilled questionnaires gathered. Findings showed that in addition to the natural and cultural attractions of the area, there are some attributes in built environment category indicated as important in selecting the second home area; these factors, mainly refer to the accessibility concept; for instance, maintained streets and sidewalks and the proximity to shopping and hospital. Moreover, the study focussed on people interested in having a second home in the area, to assess the attractiveness of the area for this potential second homers. Findings regarding the Mediterranean urban aspects, showed no significant interest in these aspects among this interested people. In housing typology, a high interest was indicated in detached and semi-detached house forms for desired second home, whereas development of such housings is in contrast to the traditional compact form of Mediterranean cities. Evaluating other residential preferences and desired assisted services concluded to a remarkable interest in these services and in other maintenance methods rather than self-maintenance of second homes. Results propose the possibility to develop a new model of second homes for retirees addressing further studies on transformation of actual tourist accommodations. In conclusion implications resulted from the analysis, stress the importance of elder-friendly environments and the environmental protection issues. Moreover, the significant cultural attractive attributes in this research, such as the attitude of locals proposed suggestions in public policy and regional planning.
Las Costas Mediterráneas Españolas son consideradas famosos destinos turísticos que han estado bajo la construcción de alojamientos turísticos y desarrollos de segunda residencia en épocas recientes. Estas regiones se han enfrentado a síntomas de insostenibilidad, como producto del turismo masivo con carácter estacional, y la expansión urbana. Ante esta situación, la migración internacional de jubilados ha figurado como un fenómeno impactando en estas zonas costeras mientras, las proyecciones demográficas actuales muestran el envejecimiento progresivo en Europa. Esta realidad, generará variaciones demográficas de turistas internacionales en estos destinos y requiere una evaluación específica según las preferencias de las personas mayores. Con tal patrón, los turistas europeos que se retirarán en 20 años, son el grupo objetivo de esta invetigación para objetener dos finalidades: en primer lugar, evaluar los atributos territoriales urbanos que la persona considere al seleccionar la ubicación de su segunda residencia deseada, especialmente para su período de jubilación; y en segundo lugar, evaluar sus preferencias residenciales más deseadas. Con respecto al primer propósito, el análisis incluye la evaluación de los factores urbanos, que pueden alterar o influenciar la evaluación de los turistas hacia la decisión de comprar o alquilar una segunda residencia en territorios costeros. Estas variables se clasifican en tres categorías: entorno construido, entorno sociocultural y medio ambiente. Asimismo, es evaluado el rol fundamental de las características pertenecientes a ciudades mediterráneas como probables atracciones a la zona, en el momento de la toma de decisión. Por otra parte, la segunda finalidad, alude a las preferencias residenciales enfocadas a la conveniencia de hogares de cuidados asistidos como segunda residencia. El área estudiada, Costa Brava, un destino turístico ubicado en la parte noroeste de la Costa Mediterránea Española, es elegida gracias a la proporción significativa de segundas residencias en su mercado inmobiliario. La investigación, mediante enfoque cuantitativo, se lleva a cabo a través de un cuestionario conformado por: listado territorial, variables urbanas y residenciales en escala Likert, y 191 cuestionarios cumplimentados. Los resultados demostraron que, además de las atracciones naturales y culturales del territorio, existen ciertos atributos importantes al momento de escoger el área de la segunda residencia en zonas edificadas; estos factores, se refieren principalmente al concepto de accesibilidad; por ejemplo, calles y aceras bien conservadas, así como la proximidad a hospitales y comercios. También, el estudio se enfocó en personas interesadas en tener una segunda residencia en la zona. Los resultados relacionados a los aspectos urbanos del Mediterráneo, no mostraron interés significativo en estos aspectos dentro del grupo objetivo. En la tipología de la vivienda, se señaló un gran interés en las formas de casa unifamiliar, para la segunda residencia deseada, considerando que la elaboración de este modelo se contrapone a la forma compacta tradicional de las ciudades del Mediterráneo. Evaluando otras preferencias residenciales y servicios asistenciales deseados, se concluye con el notable interés en estos servicios y en otros métodos de mantenimiento, en lugar del automantenimiento de segundas residencias. Como producto, se plantea la posibilidad de elaborar un nuevo modelo de segunda residencia para jubilados, abordando otros estudios de la transformación de los alojamientos turísticos actuales. Para concluir, las consecuencias resultantes del análisis, subrayan la importancia de entornos agradables para personas mayores y los asuntos relativos a la protección del medio ambiente. Más aún, acentúan el importante atractivo cultural atribuido en esta investigación, así como las sugerencias de politica pública y planificación regional propuestas por los nativos.

Urban Entertainment Destinations (UED) are a new form of development comprised of unanchored retail projects that mix entertainment venues and icon restaurants as a solution for enticing visitors back to the city. The difference between these destinations and the traditional shopping mall is the experience gained when leaving the destination. As a solution, several cities have considered Urban Entertainment Destinations as a developmental means for revitalizing the downtown. This thesis design project attempts to explore the significance of UED's by conducting a literature review and case study analysis of nine UED's across the United States. Studies extracted from each module revealed the importance of six key strategies- Placemaking, Multi-Anchoring, Contextual Links, Critical Mix & Mass, Programmability, and Branded Identity. Particular attention was placed on placemaking; designing gathering spaces, pathways, material choices, spatial relationships, and programmed land use. An emphasis has been made on incorporating the history and culture and the site's sense of place, two placemaking components that help create a distinct destination. These strategies were used as a basis for developing a set of design criteria that were in turn applied to the development of a master plan for a new UED in Rockford, Illinois.
Master of Landscape Architecture

Esta investigação tem como objeto o estudo do gerenciamento dos mercados turísticos urbanos periféricos e as práticas que os compõe, tendo como estudo de caso a cidade de Porto Alegre. Foram utilizados os pressupostos metodológicos da Dialética Histórico-Estrutural, na triangulação entre o mercado global, produto turístico e sujeito turístico. Busca-se o entendimento e análise através da releitura das categorias de destino turístico periférico, produto turístico, marketing turístico, competitividade sustentável e sujeito turístico. O componente principal deste projeto é a análise das práticas do mercado turístico de Porto Alegre frente aos desafios e tendências de um mercado globalizado.
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Esta investigação tem como objeto o estudo do gerenciamento dos mercados turísticos urbanos periféricos e as práticas que os compõe, tendo como estudo de caso a cidade de Porto Alegre. Foram utilizados os pressupostos metodológicos da Dialética Histórico-Estrutural, na triangulação entre o mercado global, produto turístico e sujeito turístico. Busca-se o entendimento e análise através da releitura das categorias de destino turístico periférico, produto turístico, marketing turístico, competitividade sustentável e sujeito turístico. O componente principal deste projeto é a análise das práticas do mercado turístico de Porto Alegre frente aos desafios e tendências de um mercado globalizado.

Num mundo altamente competitivo, os destinos turísticos procuram formas de se distinguir dos seus demais concorrentes, apoiando-se em novos produtos turísticos e elementos diferenciadores. Os grandes e mega eventos são uma das formas que as cidades usam em seu favor, procurando, assim, alargar e diversificar o mercado turístico, criar dinâmicas económicas sustentáveis e projectar internacionalmente uma imagem atractiva e competitiva. Os grandes e mega eventos têm uma história milenar no mundo e secular em Portugal, podendo ser destacados em todas as épocas eventos de grande envergadura e atractividade, sejam de carácter religioso, desportivo, cultural, económico ou outros. Apesar disso, só nas últimas décadas começaram a ser encarados como instrumento importante das políticas de turismo e das políticas urbanas. Por isso, não existe ainda um consenso alargado em relação a alguns dos conceitos que os caracterizam, desde logo ao nível das suas tipologias. No entanto, é reconhecido que os grande e mega eventos geram impactes diversos e relevantes na cidade que os acolhe, desde económicos, sociais, culturais e territoriais, sendo de salientar, a título de exemplo, a atracção de novos fluxos turísticos, o reforço de equipamentos e serviços culturais e turísticos, a renovação urbanística e o marketing urbano e turístico. Efectivamente, o sector dos eventos tem vindo a ganhar importância e um papel fundamental no que diz respeito ao reforço da competitividade e atractividade dos destinos turísticos, contribuindo, em simultâneo, para a emergência de novos produtos turísticos. Nas últimas décadas, a cidade de Lisboa e os seus protagonistas, institucionais e privados, alertos para o potencial dos eventos, têm recorrido à promoção e realização regular de grandes e mega eventos como instrumento de afirmação nacional e internacional da cidade e da sua região. “Qual a relevância e contributo dos Eventos para o amadurecimento e competitividade turística das cidades, em particular de Lisboa?” é, assim, a pergunta que se coloca, numa dissertação que incide e tenta aprofundar o conhecimento sobre o papel que os grandes e mega eventos têm na competitividade e atractividade turística das cidades.
In a highly competitive world, many destinations look for ways to distinguish themselves from its competitors, being supported by new tourist products and differentiating elements. Major and mega events are one of the ways that cities use fo their own benefit, trying to expand and diverse its tourist demands, creating new economic and sustainable dynamics, endeavouring always to expose at international level an attractive and competitive image. Major and mega events have an ancient history in the world and a centenary history in Portugal, making it possible to highlight at all times large scale events and with great attractiveness, of religious, sporting, cultural, economic or other wide valuable features. Nevertheless, only on the last decades major and mega events became an important instrument for tourism policy and urban policy. Therefore, up to now, there is no available agreement in terms of some of the concepts that implies, as for instance in typologies. However, it is acknowledged that major and mega events produce different impacts on the host city, at economic, social, cultural and territorial levels, being noteworthy the attraction of new tourism flows, the enhancement of equipment and services either within cultural and tourist, urban regeneration or place marketing. Indeed, events’ management and planning have gained greater importance and a key role in the strengthening the competitiveness and attractiveness of tourist destinations, simultaneously contributing to the arise of new tourism products. On the last decades, the city of Lisbon and its players, both institutional and private, became aware to the potential of events, which have led to the regular planning, promotion, and featuring of major and mega events as a top instrument of national and international projection of the city and its region. "What is the relevance and contribution of events for the maturity and tourist competitiveness of cities, particularly in Lisbon?" is the question, in a dissertation that focus and tries to deepen the knowledge about the role which major and mega events reflect on the tourist competitiveness and attractiveness of cities.

Le tourisme est considéré comme un phénomène récent qui a gagné en popularité avec l'augmentation du temps libre et de l'amélioration dans les moyens de transport. Notre recherche se concentre sur deux stations balnéaires : La Baule en France et Bournemouth au Royaume-Uni. Ces destinations ont été créées ex-nihilo par le tourisme et ont gagné en popularité dès le 19e siècle. La recherche statistique montre qu'elles ont progressivement évolué vers les villes où le tourisme reste l'un des facteurs importants de l'économie. Nos recherches et des interviews à La Baule et Bournemouth montrent que ces deux sites sont en train de devenir des destinations populaires d'habitation, que ce soit pour la retraite ou pour posséder des résidences secondaires. La Baule reste une destination privilégiée où les résidences secondaires qppartiennent, pour la plupart à des personnes venant de la région parisienne ainsi que de l'agglomération nantaise. Bournemouth a vu une popularité accrue grâce à son investissement dans "l'éducation", que ce soit les écoles de langue ou de la célèbre université de Bournemouth. L'activité économique accrue en raison d'une augmentation de la population locale a mis la pression sur la demande de logements. Les deux stations, Bournemouth et La Baule, sont des destinations qui semblent avoir surmonté le facteur "saisonnier", alors qu'auparavant elles étaient obligées de vivre avec. Notre recherche montre qu'avec la diversité de l'activité économique dans les stations balnéaires étudiées, le post-tourisme est en place à la fois dans La Baule et à Bournemouth. Ces villes sont attendues à croître et rester attractives pour le tourisme mais resteront populaires comme destinations pour y habiter toute l'année
Tourism is considered a recent phenomenon that gained popularity with increase in leisure time and better means of transport. Our research focuses on two beach resorts : La Baule in France and Bournemouth in the United Kingdom. These destinations were created ex-nihilo by tourism and gained popularity in the 19th century. Statistical research shows that they have gradually evolved into cities wherein tourism remains one of the important factors in the economy. Our field research and interviews in La Baule and Bournemouth shows that both these sites are evolving into favoured destinations for "living" : be it for retirement or for owning second homes. La Baule remains a favoured destination where second homes are owned by people coming from the Paris region as well as the neighbouring city of Nantes. Bournemouth has seen an increased popularity thanks ti its investment in "education" : be it language schools or the famed Bournemouth University. The increased economic activity due to an increase in the local population has put pressure on housing demand. Both Bournemouth and La Baule are destinations that seem to have overcome the "seasonality" facror that most tourism destinations were once forced to live with. Our research shows that with the diversity of economic activity in Beach resorts, post-tourism is in place in both. La Baule and Bournemouth. These cities are expected to grow and remain attractive for tourism but will remain popular as destinations for residents who will live therein through the year

The contemporary city is notably image-conscious. Indeed, several commentators suggest that cities are consciously attempting to manufacture images and identities by manipulating a range of myths, traditions, lifestyles and urban cultures. The need to develop appealing city images is a particular concern for post-industrial cities attempting to acquire attractive reputations as tourist destinations. In an almost desperate search for imaging themes for this purpose, a growing number of cities have employed sport initiatives, involving events, event bids and the construction of new facilities. Despite the lack of evidence of, and associated explanations for, image effects, it is widely assumed that these initiatives do have the capacity to enhance the image of the city destination. The present study explores the validity of this assumption by evaluating the use and impacts of `sport reimaging' in three UK cities - Birmingham, Manchester and Sheffield. Despite recognition of the multiple objectives of city reimaging in these cities, the primary aim of the study is to reveal how sport initiatives have influenced the images of potential tourists. Findings included in the study affirm that all three of the case-study cities have used sport events and sport stadia as vehicles for reimaging, with tourist images a particular concern. The study not only assesses whether such reimaging works, but explores how it might work. The study is assisted by the development and use of a conceptual framework that surmises that sport reimaging can influence both the holistic images of cities and specific perceptions of sporting provision. The study employs this framework to evaluate the impacts of sport imaging by identifying the processes through which these impacts may be procured. Accordingly, the effects of the case study initiatives are assessed in reference to their propensity to engender denotative perceptions of impressive sport provision and their capacity to procure fresh metonymic images and positive connotations. This is achieved by using a combination of methods, including semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, to explore how sport reimaging has affected the images of potential tourists. As such the study addresses a weakness in the burgeoning place image literature which is dominated by attempts to deconstruct city reimaging, and where there is too little attention to its reception, consumption and interpretation by target audiences. The study findings suggest that all three case study cities have developed strong sporting reputations and that sport initiatives do have the capacity to affect holistic city images because of their potency as metonyms and metaphors. However, despite widespread awareness of their implementation, the specific effects engendered by some case study initiatives appear rather limited. Furthermore, the study reveals certain problems.

Une étude stratégique du secteur du tourisme urbain a permis de mettre en évidence l'intérêt et le poids économique du secteur. Nous avons montré que les modèles d'étude du comportement touristique traitent essentiellement du choix de la destination et ne permettent pas d'étudier le comportement du touriste lorsque celui-ci se trouve à destination. Ceci nous a amené à utiliser des travaux réalisés dans le domaine du comportement du consommateur. Le comportement du touriste urbain à destination peut se scinder en deux types de comportements, qui peuvent être soit séparés dans le temps et ou l'espace, soit simultanés. Le premier concerne le comportement touristique tandis que le deuxième se rapproche de celui d'un consommateur, qui, lors de sa déambulation, est confronté à l'offre commerciale de la ville de destination. Nous avons proposé deux approches complémentaires de l'étude du comportement d'achat du touriste urbain à destination. La première approche considère le touriste urbain comme un touriste en ce qui concerne les éléments primaires de la ville (musée,. . . ), mais comme un consommateur déplacé de son contexte habituel pour les éléments secondaires (boutiques, etc. ). Ce consommateur découvre un nouveau contexte d'achat, mais garde certains "reflexes" d'achat lors de son séjour. Son processus de décision est celui d'un consommateur déplacé de son contexte habituel d'achat. La deuxième approche considère que le touriste urbain est un individu en vacances pour quelques jours dans une ville. Celui-ci est stimule par l'environnement urbain qui l'entoure. Il va vivre des expériences sur place et acheter certains produits. Son processus de décision se rapproche d'un comportement de recherche de variété. Sur la base des enseignements retirés de notre revue de la littérature, nous avons élaboré une modélisation du comportement d'achat du touriste urbain à destination
A strategic study of the behaviour of the city tourist has enabled us to prove the potential and the economic significance of this sector of tourist industry. We have demonstrated that theorical models of tourist behaviour have restricted themselves for the most part to the choice of destination, thus precluding the study of the tourist's behaviour upon arrival. This led us to draw upon research results in the realm of consumer buying patterns. The behaviour of the city tourist can be divided into two categories which can be either found in differing times and places, or be found together. The former relates to touristic behaviour whereas the latter more closely resembles that o f a consumer exploring at random the goods and services of his destination city. We have suggested and elaborated two complementary approaches to the study of the behaviour of the city tourist the first approach assumes the city tourist to be a tourist relative only to the primary elements of the city (museums, attraction,. . . ) But a "consumer out of his familiar context" relative to the secondary features of the city (shops,. . . ). This consumer discovers a new buying experience during his stay, but keeps a certain number of "buying reflexes". His decision-making processus is that of a consumer who finds himself removed from his usual purchasing environment. The second approach assumes the city tourist to be an individual on holiday for a few days in a certain city. The tourist is stimulated by the purchasing city environment. He will undergo certain experiences on the spot and buy certain products. His decision-making processus resembles that of an individual in search of variety. Based on the relevant literature, we have elaborated a model-building of city tourist shopping behavior during his stay

The Golden Gate Bridge, and the surrounding national parks, are one of the most iconic tourist destinations in the world. Although this area is idyllic in many ways, its underlying governmental set-up creates traffic problems on the US-101 highway that angers tourists and commuters alike. One piece of land that exacerbates the increasing congestion on this section of US-101 is the Vista Point parking lot that is just North of the Golden Gate Bridge. This parking lot’s entrance is just off of the Northbound side of US-101, and during summer and holiday weekends cars will queue onto the freeway completely stopping the right-most lane. Vista Point presents a complex traffic problem to solve because of the multiple layers of overlapping governmental jurisdictions that actually govern this parking lot. Research for this thesis consists of 16 personal interviews with stakeholders involved in solving this congestion issue, and relevant studies and background information on all the political actors interviewed. This research results in an exploration of how these agencies work together to communally solve a traffic issue, and where disconnects occur during the overall planning process of Vista Point.

Naples fait partie des lieux légendaires qui, depuis des siècles, retiennent l’attention de nombreux voyageurs et écrivains. Jouissant d’une attractivité touristique ancienne et disposant d’un fort coefficient de notoriété, le tourisme s’y est développé en relation avec les lieux prestigieux des environs. Mais la trajectoire de cette ville touristique, porteuse d’une identité complexe a été chaotique. Après une longue phase de déclin, elle figure parmi les destinations prisées du tourisme urbain dans les années 1990. Les acteurs locaux et notamment les responsables politiques ont fait le choix de favoriser le tourisme à travers une politique de changement d’image et de requalification du patrimoine. Notre travail consiste à questionner cet objet touristique - une ville- dans son rapport aux images et aux représentations et à interroger l’échelle de la destination et de son territoire. Dans le cadre de notre réflexion, il ne s’agit pas simplement d’analyser la ville perçue et représentée par le touriste, mais d’envisager les interrelations entre cette perception et celles des acteurs touristiques, institutionnels et socio-professionnels. La complexité du jeu des acteurs est au cœur de la destination touristique dans un contexte spatial marqué par des logiques de métropolisation. Cette thèse a donc étudié la « fabrique de la métropole » à travers le rapport aux images, aux représentations et au territoire. Elle a cherché à explorer le lien entre tourisme, métropole, métropolisation et métropolité. Notre objectif a été de tenter d’identifier un modèle de la destination touristique et de son fonctionnement
Naples is one of the legendary places which for centuries has retained the attention of many travellers and writers. Benefiting from an old tourist attractiveness and a high coefficient of notoriety, tourism has developed in connection with the prestigious places in the vicinity. But the trajectory of this tourist city, which carries a complex identity, has been chaotic. After a long period of decline, it is among the popular destinations of urban tourism in the 1990s and local stakeholders including policy-makers have chosen to promote tourism through a policy of rebranding and redevelopment of heritage. We want to question the object of this study - a city- in its relationship to images and representations and to examine the scale of the destination and its territory. As part of our thinking, it is not simply to analyse the city as it is perceived and represented by the tourist, but to consider the interrelations between this perception and these of institutional and socio-professional tourism stakeholders. The complexity of the actors is at the heart of the tourist destination in a spatial context marked by logical metropolization. This thesis has studied the "making of the city" through the relation to images, representations and territory and to explore the relationship between tourism, metropolis, “metropolity” and metropolization. Our goal was to try to identify a model of the tourist destination and its operation

Paris est une destination touristique importante à l'échelle mondiale avec plus de 20 millions de touristes chaque année. Tandis que les études scientifiques restent encore relativement absentes sur le tourisme à Paris, nous proposons de contribuer à la réflexion. Après un état de l'art pour identifier les principales thématiques abordées sur le tourisme et la destination ville/métropole ainsi que le cas parisien, nous avons choisi de centrer ce travail de thèse sur les touristes à travers leurs pratiques et mobilités. A l'heure où de nombreux débats sont en cours sur l'échelle métropolitaine de Paris, nous avons voulu penser l'espace parisien des touristes à partir de leurs séjours : leurs itinéraires, leurs pratiques, leurs mobilités et leur expérience de la destination. L'objectif de ce travail doctoral est double : comprendre comment les individus fabriquent et produisent l'espace touristique et identifier à quelle(s) échelle(s) les pratiques touristiques se font. Pour ce faire, une enquête par entretiens ainsi qu'une observation ont été menées dans le cadre d'un travail de terrain mené durant l'été 2012 ainsi qu'au mois d'avril 2013. Une analyse des pratiques et mobilités touristiques ainsi que les lieux dans lesquels celles-ci se mettent en place est le cœur de ce travail.

碩士
國立宜蘭大學
建築與永續規劃研究所碩士班
104
Globalization affects the behavior of the world economy. Cities around the world are competing to attract urban tourists, that can bring substantial economic benefits to cities; it is a fact that the economic impact on any major city dominates over the social and political impact. Urban tourism is recognized as an important form of tourism to support local economic and cultural development of an urban landscape. The attributes of this study are based on Barros and Assaf (2012), that suggested thirteen factors that decide how tourists evaluate urban tourism destinations. They are (1) Accommodation range、(2) Accommodation rate、(3) Travel time、(4) Travel cost、(5) Event、(6) Food quality、(7) Nightlife、(8) Expected weather、(9) Beach、(10) Overall quality / satisfactionsatisfaction satisfactionsatisfactionsatisfaction satisfactionsatisfactionsatisfactionsatisfaction、(11) Reputation、(12) Safety，and (13) The number of previous visits。 The study adopted Support Vector Machines to build the classification model of tourists’ repeat visit intention for urban tourism destinations, and adopted Rough Sets Theory to explore the patterns of tourists’ repeat visit intention for urban tourism destinations. The results showed that the tourists tend to emphasize the following factors, namely “reputation”、”safety”、”food quality”、”nightlife”、”overall quality”、”the number of previous visits” more than the others. In any one of the three attributes of “medium or low travel costs”, “short travel time”, or “high accommodation costs”, and with the attribute of “beach” that can attract visitors to re-visit the city. The rules with the the attribute of “long travel time” and “low cost of travel “ can also attract visitors to re-visit the city. The foreign tourists tend to focus more on the attribute of "expected weather" than the national tourists. In addition,the foreign tourists tend to focus less on the attribute of "accommodation rate".

Literature within the tourism discipline emphasized the importance of destination image due to its effect on both supply and demand sides of marketing. Gunn’s seven-stage model illustrated the process and evolution of image formation of a destination has been used as a guiding model in the study. The purpose of this study is to explore the coherence and the difference between pre-conceived images and post-images of China holding by the North American tourists. Purposive sampling was adapted to reach the target participants who fit the study criteria. Qualitative data were collected from eight interviews with participants from Canada and America. Semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions were conducted during October and November 2011. Essences were developed from the analysis of the interview data by conducting initial coding and focused coding. Findings of the study were concluded into three parts: before visiting China; actual travel experiences; and after visiting China. Consistent with Gunn (1972)’s seven-stage theory, findings of the study showed a clear change between pre-conceived images and post-images holding by participants. Images involved from simple, vague, mythical, and stereotypical to comprehensive, realistic, and holistic. Moreover, advantages and problems of the international tourism in China emerged with the progress of data analysis. The findings reflected the perceptions of China in the eyes of North American tourists; consequently, it could contribute to the future tourism practitioners who aim to promote China to be a desirable international tourism destination.

碩士
國立高雄餐旅大學
旅遊管理研究所
100
In the twenty-first century, the trends of global tourism related to intellectual culture have become a vital component of tourism development. In addition, the development of cultural tourism industry is not only a global phenomenon, but also the most important measures of economic activities in a international city. Along with the development of world tourism Industry, VietNam government pays much attention to the development of the tourism industry.Although the socialist republic of country (Socialist Republic of Viet Nam), has a long cultural history dating back to 4000 years ago (especially is Hanoi –the Viet Nam’s ancient capital of the millennium history) and rich natural resources, diversity of dietary, special construction. In Asia, become an attractive tourist destination. Based on actual survey data, then recalled 518 valid questionnaires. Confirmatory descriptive statistics , factor analysis, ANOVA, and correlation analysis were used for data analysis. According to my statistics, showed significantly differences between the background information (age, occupation, nationality, etc) of foreign visitors and Hanoi''s destination image , participation in cultural activities. Moreover, The significant positive impact between Hanoi''s destination image and participation in cultural activities with recreational benefit ; The significant positive impact between Hanoi''s destination image with participation in cultural activities. Finally, the finding of this research would be helpful to the understanding ofdestination image for Vietnam’s Hanoi capital. It also provided VietNam Government with a better understanding of the foreign tourists for its travel benefits, cultural activity participation. Planning strategies for cultural tourism development of Hanoi can be formed and enhance visitors to gain various recreational benefit during their stay in Hanoi.

碩士
南華大學
旅遊事業管理學研究所
93
Tourism image plays an important role in the tourist destination decision-making. The urban with a positive and good image perceived by tourists can bring out the urban a significant effect on urban development and economic growth via tourism receipts. Hence, it is an important issue to explore the image of urban. The current study mainly examined the images of four major urbans in Taiwan including Taipei, Taichung, Tainan and Kaoushung, perceived by tourists; and furthermore used urban images to explore the perceived positioning of all urbans, and furthermore to analyze the effect of tourism image on the travel destination choice bahavior. 　 　　Using a structured questionnaire survey with systematic sample technique, a total number of 391 usable samples were obtained. The result from the multidimensional scale analysis reveals that Taichung ad Kaoushung share the similar perceived image, and which is apparently different from either Taipei or Tainan. The tourism images of four cities were extracted using factor analysis respectively. Considering the tourism images, travel experience and urban familiarity as determinants, the destination choice model was built up using logistic regression. The model reveals considerable forecasting performance over 62% for all cities under study. The findings can provide all urbans under study useful insights to build up their tourism development strategies.

Tourism is one of the largest economic sectors globally. It is a climate sensitive sector, with climate being one of the most important attributes for a destination. The Tourism Climate Index (TCI), developed by Mieczkowski (1985), is the most widely used index for assessing a destination’s climatic suitability for general tourist activities. Major deficiencies such as the subjectivity of its rating system and component weightings have been identified in the literature, and the need to develop a new index has been identified by researchers for almost a decade. This study aims to fill the research gap by developing a new index, the Holiday Climate Index (HCI), for the purpose of overcoming the deficiencies of the TCI. The HCI was compared with the TCI in rating both current (1961-1990) and future (2010-2039, 2040-2069 and 2070-2099) climatic suitability for tourism of the 15 most visited European city destinations (London, Paris, Istanbul, Rome, Barcelona, Dublin, Amsterdam, Vienna, Madrid, Berlin, Stockholm, Warsaw, Munich, Athens and Venice). The results were also compared with monthly visitation data available for Paris to assess whether the HCI ratings more accurately represent visitation demand than the TCI. The results show that there are key differences between the HCI and TCI in rating the tourism climate suitability of the selected European city destinations, in particular in the winter months of the northern, western and eastern European city destinations where the performance of the TCI had been questioned in the literature. The comparison with leisure tourist visitation data in Paris also revealed that the ratings of the HCI were more reflective of seasonal pattern of tourist arrivals than the TCI ratings. Because the TCI has been widely applied (15 studies), these findings hold important implications for future research in assessing current and future climatic suitability for tourism.

In this Work Project, it will be assessed how Sintra’s sustainability is affected by the consequences of the visitor flow on its urban historical center. Two research questions will support this case study: What is the main problem affecting Sintra as a tourism destination? How sustainable will Sintra be in the next 10-15 years? The main findings suggest Sintra faces an intense seasonal pressure on its historical city center and its sustainability might be seriously affected in the near future, whereby three domains of the destination deserve a serious strategy reassessment: promotion, management, and supply.

A recente atribuição à Universidade de Coimbra do estatuto de Património Mundial pela UNESCO, a possibilidade de promover mais eficazmente este destino turístico em mercados externos através das T.I.C.T e com custos diminutos, motivou a elaboração da presente Dissertação de Mestrado. A especificidade de um Marketing Territorial que contrariamente ao dos produtos, não parte de uma “base zero”, ou dito de outro modo, o território não se escolhe, já lá está com as suas caraterísticas próprias (com o seu património natural e construído; material e imaterial; a simpatia da população; etc.), exige uma abordagem interdisciplinar ao tema que proponha soluções inovadoras e não estandardizadas. Assim, uma comercialização de Marketing Online de um determinado destino, terá de ter necessariamente, uma visão holística e considerar o possível contributo de cada Stakeholder. Constitui objetivo Principal desta Dissertação: 1) Promover: Uma estratégia de Marketing Digital para a Universidade de Coimbra enquanto Património Mundial, junto de três novos mercados externos e reforço dos existentes, considerando a sua proximidade geográfica enquanto mercados emissores. 2) Testar: A atual estratégia de Marketing Online desenvolvidas pelo Turismo do Centro (T.C) e Universidade de Coimbra. 3) Desenvolver: Uma estratégia de Marketing Online através da abordagem de um novo conceito de construção e implementação de aplicações tecnológicas,como sejam um Site e um vídeo original (apontando para um conteúdo que promova a interatividade com o consumidor, o Crowdsourcing). Iremos igualmente apostar nas redes sociais (enquanto componente eminentemente social). Pretende-se, portanto que estes novos mercados sejam alcançados prioritariamente pela via do Marketing Online, enquanto ferramenta estruturada que atinge nichos de mercado onde para o Marketing Tradicional não existe uma relação custo-benefício favorável. O grande desafio será transformar as condições de partida para a elaboração do Site e do vídeo promocional, em acréscimos de produtividade, dito de outro modo, em acrescentar um valor final à informação a disponibilizar. Deverão seguir critérios inovadores para construção de novas plataformas: Os 8Ps do Marketing Digital. (em contraposição, ou se quisermos em complemento, dos 4Ps do Marketing tradicional). As T.I.C.T deverão ser percecionadas como um importante processo complementar de desenvolvimento, cujo horizonte se pode conceber a longo prazo e um instrumento estratégico de desenvolvimento territorial. Analisar as áreas de responsabilidade das Entidades Regionais de Turismo, as atuais aplicações Online desenvolvidas para promoção turística da Universidade de Coimbra e a sua interligação com os diversos Stakeholders, constituem objetivos específicos de estudo desta Dissertação.
The recent award to the University of Coimbra's World Heritage status by UNESCO, the ability to better promote this tourist destination in overseas markets through the T.I.C.T. and Miniature costs, prompted the preparation of this Master Thesis. The specificity of a Territorial Marketing that contrary to the products, not part of a "zero-based", or in other words, the territory does not choose, is already there with their own characteristics (with its natural and built heritage; material and immaterial, the sympathy of the population,. etc.) requires an interdisciplinary approach to the subject to propose innovative and non-standard solutions. Thus, a Marketing Online for a particular destination must necessarily have a holistic view and consider the possible contribution of each Stakeholder. Main objective of this dissertation is: 1) Promote: A Strategy Digital Marketing for the University of Coimbra as a World Heritage Site, along with three new foreign markets and strengthening existing, given its geographical proximity as source markets. 2) Test: The Current Online Marketing Strategy developed by the Tourism Center (TC) and the University of Coimbra. 3) Developing: An Online Marketing Strategy through a new concept of construction and implementation of technological applications approach, such as a Website and an original video (pointing to content that promotes interactivity with the consumer, Crowdsourcing). We will also invest in (as eminently social component) social networks. It is intended, therefore, that these new markets are achieved primarily via Online Marketing, as a structured tool that reaches niche markets where to Traditional Marketing there is not a favorable cost-benefit. The big challenge will be to transform the starting conditions for the preparation of the Site and the promotional video in productivity growth in other words, to add a final value to information made available. We should follow innovative criteria for building new platforms: 8PS Digital Marketing. As opposed or if we are in addition, to the traditional 4Ps of Marketing. The T.I.C.T should be understand as an important complementary process of development, whose horizon is possible that the long-term and strategic instrument of territorial development. Analyze the areas of responsibility of the Regional Entities Tourism, current Online applications developed for Tourism promotion of the University of Coimbra and its interconnection with the various stakeholders, are specific learning objectives of this Dissertition interconnection with the various stakeholders, are specific learning objectives of this Dissertation.