Academic literature on the topic 'Urban specialization'
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Journal articles on the topic "Urban specialization"
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Dziewonski, Karimierz. "SPECIALIZATION AND URBAN SYSTEMS." Papers in Regional Science 24, no. 1 (January 14, 2005): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1970.tb01466.x.
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SU, Hongjian. "Urban Specialization of Chinese Cities." Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 06, no. 01 (March 2018): 1850005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748118500057.
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The extent of urban specialization is closely related to urban development level. This paper distinguishes relative specialization and absolute specialization in terms of their connotations and measurement methods, and examines functional specialization in general. Using data on prefecture-and-above cities in China, this paper also reviews the characteristics of indicators of urban specialization in China. The findings are as follows. There exists a [Formula: see text]-shaped relationship between the relative specialization index and city size and income level; the absolute specialization index shows a significant negative correlation with city size and a significant positive correlation with income level. Functional specialization coefficient and city size manifest a significant positive correlation; there is clear division of functions among city clusters, and functional specialization coefficient is significantly related to administrative level of cities. Finally, from the perspective of functional division and specialization of cities (city clusters), this paper makes the proposition of coordinating the spatial, scale and industrial structures of Chinese cities.
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Chen, Jing. "The Impact of Cluster Diversity on Economic Performance in U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas." Economic Development Quarterly 34, no. 1 (December 17, 2019): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891242419892338.
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Conventional wisdom indicates that economic specialization can promote growth, whereas economic stability is associated with diversified economies. This conflicting relationship between specialization and diversity has been questioned, as regional scientists have suggested that specialization and diversity can coexist in a regional economy and proposed the concept of diversified specializations. To test this proposition empirically, two Herfindahl–Hirschman Indices were used to examine the relationship between economic diversity and economic performance among 359 metropolitan statistical areas in the contiguous United States. The first index measures industry diversity across 87 three-digit North American Industry Classification Systems sectors, and the second index quantifies cluster diversity among 51 economic specializations. This analysis confirms that cluster diversity contributes to both stability and growth, and regions can simultaneously pursue both high and stable economic growth.
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Rodriguez, Nestor P., and Joe R. Feagin. "Urban Specialization in the World-System." Urban Affairs Quarterly 22, no. 2 (December 1986): 187–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004208168602200201.
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Bacolod, Marigee, Bernardo S. Blum, and William C. Strange. "Urban interactions: soft skills versus specialization." Journal of Economic Geography 9, no. 2 (January 17, 2009): 227–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbn057.
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Zhang, Mingdou, Qingbang Wu, Weilu Li, Dongqi Sun, and Fei Huang. "Intensifier of urban economic resilience: Specialized or diversified agglomeration?" PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 29, 2021): e0260214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260214.
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With increased uncertainty and instability worldwide, how to enhance the urban economy resilience effectively has become one main issue for urban economic development. Based on the measurement of the economic resilience of 241 cities at the prefecture level and above in China using the sensitive index method, we scrutinize the impact of industrial specialization agglomeration and diversification agglomeration on urban economic resilience. Results indicate that, during the impact resistance period, industrial diversification agglomeration, especially related industrial diversification agglomeration, can enhance urban economic resilience, whereas industrial specialization agglomeration has no positive effect. In contrast, during the period of recovery and adjustment, industrial specialization agglomeration can improve urban economic resilience, and industrial diversification agglomeration, especially related industrial diversification agglomeration, has no positive effect. Further analysis indicates that, under the interaction of specialization and diversification agglomerations, the effect of industrial agglomeration on urban economic resilience depends on the type of dual industrial agglomeration, showing remarkable heterogeneity. This study may provide useful references for policy makers concerned with urban resilience.
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Wang, Xiao (Joyce), Jeffrey Burr, Jennifer Hefele, and Joyce Wang. "Profiling Nursing Home Care Specialization Groups." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.130.
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Abstract The nursing home (NH) industry has experienced a shift toward care specialization. This study used NH-level panel data from 2011 to 2017 to describe unique care specialization groups in urban areas using latent profile analysis (LPA) (N= 64695, with 12,143 unique NHs). We focused on urban NHs because NHs specialize in care due to competition and memetic pressure, more likely to be the case for urban NHs. To identify care specialization profiles, LPA was applied using different types of specialist staffing levels (physical therapist, occupational therapist, physicians, and dietitians) and the share of special care units aimed at chronic conditions like Alzheimer’s Disease and AIDs. Model diagnostics and information criterion guided selection of the best fitting model. Model stability over time, interpretability of results, and parsimony were also taken into consideration. The final results indicated a 4-profile model fit the underlying data best and the patterns remained comparatively stable over seven years. The 4-classes are uniquely identified as: high use of specialists of all types (3%), moderate use of specialists of all types (7%), mixed use of specialists and special care units (26%), and low specialization use (64%). From 2011 to 2017, the size of the ‘low specialization’ group became smaller, whereas the high and moderate groups grew larger. In addition to describing a clear trend towards increased care specialization, our findings indicated great heterogeneity in NHs’ care specialization patterns in urban areas. Future studies should examine market and organizational characteristics, as well as performance outcomes for different specialization groups.
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Tabuchi, Takatoshi, and Jacques-François Thisse. "REGIONAL SPECIALIZATION, URBAN HIERARCHY, AND COMMUTING COSTS." International Economic Review 47, no. 4 (November 2006): 1295–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2354.2006.00414.x.
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Ó Huallacháin, Breandán, and Der-Shiuan Lee. "Technological Specialization and Variety in Urban Invention." Regional Studies 45, no. 1 (September 2010): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2010.486783.
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ZHAO, Yong, and Ouge QI. "Would Functional Specialization of Space Narrow Down Regional Disparities? — An Empirical Analysis Based on Panel Data of Chinese Urban Agglomerations 2003–2011." Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 05, no. 01 (March 2017): 1750003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748117500038.
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Strengthening regional cooperation and promoting functional specialization of space are significant orientations of current regional development strategies, but whether the functional specialization of space based on the co-agglomeration of manufacturing industry and service industry narrows regional disparities is yet to be verified. The authors utilize the panel data of 16 Chinese urban agglomerations from 2003 to 2011 and verify that functional specialization of space and regional disparities present an inverted U-curve relationship, that is, as functional specialization of space develops, regional disparities get larger and vice versa. By comparing indexes of functional specialization of space of major urban agglomerations in China, the authors find that by 2011 only the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomerations enter the second half of the inverted U-curve. Some other urban agglomerations are at or reaching the inflection point. However, half of Chinese urban agglomerations are still at the first half of the inverted U-curve, and it is expected to take a long time for some of them to reach the inflection point. In addition, this paper provides circumstantial evidence for the existence of an S-curve relationship for three times between the labor productivity of a city’s service industry and the distance from the city to large ports, meaning that the agglomerating efficiency of the service industry is relatively high in the eastern and western regions of China and low in the central region. The above conclusions indicate that different types of urban agglomerations should adopt different coping strategies in promoting coordinated regional development by strengthening regional cooperation and boosting functional specialization of space.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urban specialization"
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Kim, Sunwoong. "Labor specialization, agglomeration economies, and regional resource allocation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/75510.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH
Bibliography: leaves 142-149.
by Sunwoong Kim.
Ph.D.
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Lebusa, George Molifi. "A complementary approach in urban mission : Vaal Triangle case study / George Molifi Lebusa." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4794.
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This dissertation is an attempt to promote complementarity among churches in order to affect their activities in doing mission in the Vaal Triangle region. The study tends to uncover the potential of cooperation, unity and partnership in the Body of Christ in the area which may also be an example to the churches in other cities outside the Vaal Triangle. The purpose of this is to raise the consciousness of specialization of ministries in mission to achieve greater results through target evangelism. The literature review in the second chapter revealed the biblical and theological basis of the concept. In this context complementarity is explained as churches, Para church organizations, ministers and to a certain extent, government agencies, working together to complement one another with their distinctive resources, skills and abilities to tackle the crucial issues in their communities. The complementary approach that was implemented by the Apostles during the early church show case that we have different callings which when they are all put together, work in such a way that there can never be competition but partnership. Diversity of callings directs a diverse approach to a diverse society. The literature review also highlights that a complementary approach has been there even in the Old Testament and gives insight into other related concepts like stewardship and target evangelism. Due to the fact that there are diverse groups and that the Gospel must be preached to such, it becomes imperative to target such groups with 'specialists' that will meet the exact challenges among those groups. The growing understanding that Vaal Triangle with its political history is becoming a complex area with all diverse demographics, bring to light the possibility of churches working together as an organism in spite of their distinctiveness. These fast changing demographics oblige the churches to develop complementary strategies that will match the urban growth challenges in the area as well as the evolving societal problems. There are still some underlying challenges that the churches need to do in mission work to heal the traumatic effects resulting from the previous violent era. An empirical study done among few churches found out that the churches believe that a complementary approach is necessary. Although there has been a healthy cooperation and unity in the Vaal Triangle churches history, duplication and competition have also grown like weeds and has resulted in membership recycling (moving from church to church) and less fresh new conversions.
As the city evolves, there are new dynamics that requires winsome partnerships, diversity, and ministry specialization as well as target evangelism. The conclusions that the research arrived at, gave rise to recommendations that are very practical to the context of the Vaal Triangle churches.Thesis (M.A. (Biblical Studies/Theology))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.
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Blazer, Mark A. "Architectural strategies in reducing heat gain in the sub-tropical urban heat island." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002781.
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Toubal, Samer. "Urban design et projet urbain entre spécialisation et multidisciplinarité : l’identité professionnelle des concepteurs et leurs marges de manœuvre dans le projet." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST1167.
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Á travers une approche historico-épistémologique et une analyse de la réalité des pratiques, ce travail s'intéresse à la dimension temporelle de la spécialisation professionnelle. Il s'agit de deux démarches de recherche sur la spécialisation en conception archi-urbaine à long-terme et à court-terme. Dans un premier temps et en faisant un aller-retour entre l'urban design étatsunien et le projet urbain à la française, nous nous interrogeons sur les origines de l'émergence et de l'évolution des groupes de concepteurs spécialisés dans la conception du projet de morceau de ville. Dans un second temps, nous étudions quatre opérations urbaines réalisées en France depuis l'introduction du concept de projet urbain. L'objectif est de comprendre l'impact la multidisciplinarité sur la place et le rôle des architectes-urbanistes dans le projet. Les deux démarches se complètent. Elles montrent que les marges de manœuvre d'un concepteur au sein des processus de conception ne dépendent pas seulement de son identité professionnelle mais aussi du moment et de la durée de son intervention dans ces processus. Or ce moment et cette durée peuvent être contrôlables, en partie, à travers la gestion du projet et de sa temporalité. Ainsi, la naissance de nouvelles spécialités – en tant que concrétisations de la spécialisation temporaire – ne s'explique pas seulement par la nature et le contexte de la commande architecturale et urbaine mais aussi par les stratégies mises en place pour répondre à cette commandeThrough a historical-epistemological approach and an analysis of actual practices, this work focuses on the temporal dimension of professional specialization. There are two approaches to research long-term and short-term archi-urban design specialization. As a first step and making a round trip between American urban design and French urban project, we wonder about the origins of the emergence and evolution of groups of designers specialized in city-parts design. In a second step, we study four urban operations engaged in France since the introduction of the concept of urban project. The objective is to understand the impact of the multidisciplinary on the place and role of architects-urbanites in the project. The two approaches are complementary. They show that the leeway of a designer in the design process does not depend only on his professional identity but also on the time and duration of his involvement in these processes. This time and this duration can be controlled, in part, through the management of the project and its temporality. Thus, the birth of new specialties - as embodiments of the temporary specialization - not only due to the nature and context of the architectural and urban command, but also by the strategies put in place to respond to this command
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Štěpánek, Martin. "Vliv specializace na strukturu měst, venkovského osídlení a krajiny." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta architektury, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-403774.
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Specialization and concentration of human activity is a phenomenon which accompanies the development of human settlements from their very beginning. While thoroughly explored in other fields, interconnection between pecialisation, on one hand, and urbanism and architecture, on the other, has been neglected. Nevertheless, this issue is of high ignificance since it determines the settlement structure development to a large extent. If understood correctly, this underlying principle of the impact of specialisation and concentration on the settlement development offers a new insight into historical context and enables one to understand the present development.
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Moreira, Inês de Castro Luís Lopes. "Filamentos metropolitanos." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20173.
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Tese de Doutoramento em Urbanismo, com a especialização em Urbanismo apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Doutor.As alterações do contexto físico, económico e político, ocorridas desde a segunda metade do século XX, vieram potenciar as transformações no território metropolitano de Lisboa e a emergência de filamentos metropolitanos (áreas urbanas especializadas). Estas, produto de processos de infraestruturação e densificação metropolitana, caracterizam-se pela ocupação de áreas periféricas ao centro consolidado, em localizações estratégicas da rede rodoviária e elevado grau de especialização funcional. O resultado consiste num sistema urbano polinucleado, com a existência de áreas de grande concentração de atividades económicas ligadas ao sector terciário e quaternário e, simultaneamente, o abandono e a posterior reestruturação das áreas industriais periféricas. De forma a analisar o processo subjacente ao seu aparecimento e consolidação, exploram-se as transformações que se verificaram, os principais motores e as consequências da especialização do território. Com o objectivo de identificar e tipificar as formações urbanísticas emergentes, descodificar as suas lógicas espaciais e os seus processos de formação/transformação, propõe-se a seguinte estrutura metodológica: - Enquadramento conceptual e comparativo das transformações do território metropolitano de Lisboa; - Análise das novas configurações urbanas especializadas a nível funcional e da sua correlação com o território metropolitano; - Operacionalização das dinâmicas identificadas e tradução em princípios de atuação exportáveis para realidades semelhantes.
ABSTRACT: The changes in the physical, economic and political context that occurred since the second half of the twentieth century have contributed to the transformations of Lisbon metropolitan territory and the emergence of metropolitan filaments (specialized urban areas). These areas are the product of metropolitan infrastructuration and densification, and are characterized by their peripheral location, in strategic points of the mobility network and a high degree of functional specialization. The result is a polynuclear urban system with areas of great concentration of economic activities related to the tertiary sector and, simultaneously, the abandonment and afterwards the restructuring of peripheral industrial areas. In order to analyze the process underlying its emergence and consolidation, the research focuses on the transformations, the main drivers and the consequences of the territorial specialization. The following methodological structure is applied with the goal of identifying and typifying the emerging urban formations, as well as decoding their spatial logics and the formation / transformation processes: - Conceptual and comparative framework of the transformations occurred in Lisbon metropolitan territory; - Analysis of the new specialized urban forms and their correlation with the metropolitan territory; - Operationalization of the identified dynamics and translation into guidelines applicable to similar realities.
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Glita, Ivan. "Les villes françaises en décroissance dans le temps long (1968-2017) : une typologie des trajectoires en fonction des composantes démographiques, des spécialisations économiques et de la diversité des contextes territoriaux." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA01H068.
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En France, les villes en décroissance suscitent un intérêt grandissant parce qu’elles seraient plus nombreuses depuis au moins une décennie. Face à la diversité des définitions et des approches de la décroissance, nous identifions dans un premier temps les villes en décroissance à partir des trajectoires démographiques construites pour chacune des 3097 agglomérations françaises présentes à au moins une date entre 1962 et 2017. Les résultats montrent qu’un tiers des agglomérations sont concernées par la décroissance, à des périodes et selon des temporalités différentes. Notamment, outre le bond spectaculaire du nombre de villes en décroissance dans les années 1970-1980, consécutif aux crises industrielles et à l’essor de la périurbanisation, nous identifions un ensemble de 441 agglomérations en décroissance récente (depuis 1999). Nous nous intéressons ensuite aux principaux ressorts de la décroissance en analysant tour à tour les composantes démographiques (soldes migratoires et naturels, structure par âge), les profils économiques (évolution de l’emploi, présence de spécialisations économiques industrielles ou tertiaires) et les contextes territoriaux (évolution des couronnes périurbaines et bassins de vie entourant les agglomérations en décroissance, notamment à partir des migrations résidentielles, type de contexte territorial, plus ou moins métropolitain, plus ou moins rural, dans un rayon de deux heures de routes à partir de l’agglomération en décroissance). Finalement, nous réalisons une typologie des unités urbaines en décroissance en France où se distinguent cinq profils majeursRecent studies in France reveal an increasing number of shrinking cities for at least a decade. There is a growing interest in those cities. Because of the diversity of definitions of urban shrinkage, we first identify shrinking cities by formalizing population movements for each of the 3,097 French urban units between 1962 and 2017. The results show that one-third of the agglomerations are affected by population loss, at different periods. In particular, in addition to the spectacular growth in number of shrinking cities during the 1970s and 1980s, following industrial crises and the rise of peri-urbanization, we identify a set of 441 agglomerations experiencing recent decline (since 1999). We then focus on the main factors of urban decline by analyzing three components of urban shrinkage. To show the demographic components of urban shrinkage we focus on the age structure, and on migration and natural balances. We analyze economic profiles with a database of employment trends and of economic specializations. Territorial contexts are also studied through the population evolution of areas surrounding shrinking urban units (changes in peri-urban areas and life basins) and with an urban-rural typology of territorial context (defining if an area is more or less metropolitan, more or less rural, within a two-hour radius from the declining agglomeration). Finally, we create a typology of declining urban units in France, distinguishing five major profiles
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Maâmatou, Houda. "Apprentissage semi-supervisé pour la détection multi-objets dans des séquences vidéos : Application à l'analyse de flux urbains." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC015/document.
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Depuis les années 2000, un progrès significatif est enregistré dans les travaux de recherche qui proposent l’apprentissage de détecteurs d’objets sur des grandes bases de données étiquetées manuellement et disponibles publiquement. Cependant, lorsqu’un détecteur générique d’objets est appliqué sur des images issues d’une scène spécifique les performances de détection diminuent considérablement. Cette diminution peut être expliquée par les différences entre les échantillons de test et ceux d’apprentissage au niveau des points de vues prises par la(les) caméra(s), de la résolution, de l’éclairage et du fond des images. De plus, l’évolution de la capacité de stockage des systèmes informatiques, la démocratisation de la "vidéo-surveillance" et le développement d’outils d’analyse automatique des données vidéos encouragent la recherche dans le domaine du trafic routier. Les buts ultimes sont l’évaluation des demandes de gestion du trafic actuelles et futures, le développement des infrastructures routières en se basant sur les besoins réels, l’intervention pour une maintenance à temps et la surveillance des routes en continu. Par ailleurs, l’analyse de trafic est une problématique dans laquelle plusieurs verrous scientifiques restent à lever. Ces derniers sont dus à une grande variété dans la fluidité de trafic, aux différents types d’usagers, ainsi qu’aux multiples conditions météorologiques et lumineuses. Ainsi le développement d’outils automatiques et temps réel pour l’analyse vidéo de trafic routier est devenu indispensable. Ces outils doivent permettre la récupération d’informations riches sur le trafic à partir de la séquence vidéo et doivent être précis et faciles à utiliser. C’est dans ce contexte que s’insèrent nos travaux de thèse qui proposent d’utiliser les connaissances antérieurement acquises et de les combiner avec des informations provenant de la nouvelle scène pour spécialiser un détecteur d’objet aux nouvelles situations de la scène cible. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons de spécialiser automatiquement un classifieur/détecteur générique d’objets à une scène de trafic routier surveillée par une caméra fixe. Nous présentons principalement deux contributions. La première est une formalisation originale de transfert d’apprentissage transductif à base d’un filtre séquentiel de type Monte Carlo pour la spécialisation automatique d’un classifieur. Cette formalisation approxime itérativement la distribution cible inconnue au départ, comme étant un ensemble d’échantillons de la base spécialisée à la scène cible. Les échantillons de cette dernière sont sélectionnés à la fois à partir de la base source et de la scène cible moyennant une pondération qui utilise certaines informations a priori sur la scène. La base spécialisée obtenue permet d’entraîner un classifieur spécialisé à la scène cible sans intervention humaine. La deuxième contribution consiste à proposer deux stratégies d’observation pour l’étape mise à jour du filtre SMC. Ces stratégies sont à la base d’un ensemble d’indices spatio-temporels spécifiques à la scène de vidéo-surveillance. Elles sont utilisées pour la pondération des échantillons cibles. Les différentes expérimentations réalisées ont montré que l’approche de spécialisation proposée est performante et générique. Nous avons pu y intégrer de multiples stratégies d’observation. Elle peut être aussi appliquée à tout type de classifieur. De plus, nous avons implémenté dans le logiciel OD SOFT de Logiroad les possibilités de chargement et d’utilisation d’un détecteur fourni par notre approche. Nous avons montré également les avantages des détecteurs spécialisés en comparant leurs résultats avec celui de la méthode Vu-mètre de LogiroadSince 2000, a significant progress has been recorded in research work which has proposed to learn object detectors using large manually labeled and publicly available databases. However, when a generic object detector is applied on images of a specific scene, the detection performances will decrease considerably. This decrease may be explained by the differences between the test samples and the learning ones at viewpoints taken by camera(s), resolution, illumination and background images. In addition, the storage capacity evolution of computer systems, the "video surveillance" democratization and the development of automatic video-data analysis tools have encouraged research into the road-traffic domain. The ultimate aims are the management evaluation of current and future trafic requests, the road infrastructures development based on real necessities, the intervention of maintenance task in time and the continuous road surveillance. Moreover, traffic analysis is a problematicness where several scientific locks should be lifted. These latter are due to a great variety of traffic fluidity, various types of users, as well multiple weather and lighting conditions. Thus, developing automatic and real-time tools to analyse road-traffic videos has become an indispensable task. These tools should allow retrieving rich data concerning the traffic from the video sequence and they must be precise and easy to use. This is the context of our thesis work which proposes to use previous knowledges and to combine it with information extracted from the new scene to specialize an object detector to the new situations of the target scene. In this thesis, we propose to automatically specialize a generic object classifier/detector to a road traffic scene surveilled by a fixed camera. We mainly present two contributions. The first one is an original formalization of Transductive Transfer Learning based on a sequential Monte Carlo filter for automatic classifier specialization. This formalization approximates iteratively the previously unknown target distribution as a set of samples composing the specialized dataset of the target scene. The samples of this dataset are selected from both source dataset and target scene further to a weighting step using some prior information on the scene. The obtained specialized dataset allows training a specialized classifier to the target scene without human intervention. The second contribution consists in proposing two observation strategies to be used in the SMC filter’s update step. These strategies are based on a set of specific spatio-temporal cues of the video surveillance scene. They are used to weight the target samples. The different experiments carried out have shown that the proposed specialization approach is efficient and generic. We have been able to integrate multiple observation strategies. It can also be applied to any classifier / detector. In addition, we have implemented into the Logiroad OD SOFT software the loading and utilizing possibilities of a detector provided by our approach. We have also shown the advantages of the specialized detectors by comparing their results to the result of Logiroad’s Vu-meter method
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Castillo, Camacho Sarah. "La tripolarisation territoriale en Bolivie : genèse et actualité." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00877869.
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Trois agglomérations majeures caractérisent le système territorial bolivien en concentrant près de la moitié de la population et des emplois nationaux. Ce constat amène à s'interroger sur le rôle économique de cette tripolarisation territoriale face au succès économique de Potosi et Tarija, territoires riches en ressources naturelles. Dans ce travail, nous examinons l'actuelle tripolarisation par l'étude de l'histoire économique de l'émergence de ces trois pôles, puis en examinant les données économiques les plus récentes, de manière à expliquer les forces et les faiblesses de ce tripôle. Chacun des pôles se localise dans un contexte géographique original. La Paz où siège le gouvernement se situe dans la région montagneuse des hauts plateaux à l'Ouest. Santa Cruz, à environ 900 km de La Paz, se localise à l'Est, au centre des plaines amazoniennes. Cochabamba se situe entre les deux, dans les vallées intermédiaires du centre. Cette tripolarisation est relativement récente : la hiérarchie urbaine, longtemps dominée par une ville primatiale n'a donné une configuration tripolaire qu'au cours du dernier demi-siècle. La situation actuelle résulte en partie du cadre particulier de l'émergence du tripôle, liée aux territoires disposant des ressources naturelles ; l'analyse est conduite à partir d'indicateurs d'activité économique et du rôle international de ces territoires. L'approche économique, combinée avec des éléments géographiques, démographiques, historiques, politiques et de développement humain, permet de mettre à jour deux logiques distinctes, mais qui se complètent d'une manière originale : une forme de domination territoriale du tripôle La Paz - Cochabamba - Santa Cruz, à la fois permise et fragilisée par le rôle clé de l'exploitation des richesses naturelles de Potosi et Tarija
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ANJOS, Fábio Henrique dos. "Estrutura econômica-produtiva de Minas Gerais: uma análise multivariada para os anos de 2007 e 2014." Universidade Federal de Alfenas, 2016. https://bdtd.unifal-mg.edu.br:8443/handle/tede/976.
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O presente trabalho apresenta a trajetória do recente cenário de desenvolvimento econômico-industrial de Minas Gerais como consequência da desconcentração industrial brasileira verificada, notadamente, a partir dos anos de 1970. O fenômeno da desconcentração produtiva vem chamando atenção de pesquisadores influenciados pelos estudos acerca da “reversão da polarização” sobretudo em países desenvolvidos, e que no Brasil tem sido experimentado pelo Estado de São Paulo nas últimas décadas. Este fenômeno, que originalmente permitiria maior articulação e integração do sistema produtivo nacional, não tem sido suficiente para estreitar as desigualdades regionais, além do mais, pesquisas recentes apontam para um novo processo de aglomeração, chamado de desenvolvimento poligonal, agora no Centro-Sul do País. Mantendo o foco no Estado de Minas Gerais, a presente investigação é justificada nos estudos de autores renomados que apontam o Estado de Minas Gerais como maior beneficiário do processo da desconcentração, assumindo também um destaque maior na produção industrial nacional, mas que demonstra claramente um desenvolvimento desigual entre as suas diversas regiões. Assim sendo, objetiva-se verificar o cenário econômico-industrial de Minas Gerais pela sua dinâmica setorial e pelos seus fatores locacionais, com base nas 66 microrregiões que integram o Estado, nos anos de 2007 e 2014. A base de dados utilizada para o estudo corresponde ao emprego efetivo por atividades econômicas da CNAE 2.0 no período informado, disponíveis pela Relação Anual de Informações Sociais. O intervalo de tempo determinado justifica-se por corresponder ao período mais recente dos dados do Estado mineiro, sendo oito anos um período consideravelmente capaz de captar mudanças na estrutura produtiva das microrregiões estudadas. Ademais, por utilizar, entre outros métodos, o Shift-Share, isto é, o método diferencial-estrutural, este preconiza manipular dois anos, o inicial (2007) e o final (2014), em que, quanto menor o espaço de tempo maior a relevância captada no intervalo proposto. Para o tratamento dos dados foram utilizados métodos complementares da estatística multivariada, sendo eles: o método Diferencial-Estrutural e Análise Correlacionada dos Dados, a Análise de Componentes Principais e a Análise de Clusters. Os cálculos, assim como o tratamento dos dados foram realizados no software estatístico denominado Ambiente R. Entre outros resultados, pode-se destacar que Minas Gerais apresenta uma estrutura produtiva relativamente diversificada entre setores weberianos, tradicionais e dinâmicos, com variação positiva, em termos de oferta de empregos, no período entre 2007 e 2014. Atenta-se, porém, para os setores da indústria dinâmica que demonstraram perda de representatividade de empregos, aludindo à continuação da velha estrutura produtiva de Minas Gerais. Além disso, verifica-se que tais setores (dinâmicos) estão fortemente concentrados nas microrregiões pertencentes à Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte e Sul de MinasThis work presents the trajectory of the recent economic-industrial development scenario of Minas Gerais state resulting of the Brazilian industrial deconcentration, which was remarkable from 1970s. The productive deconcentration phenomenon has attracted attention of researchers, who are motivated by the “polarization reversal” studies that has happened, mainly, in developed countries. In the Brazil, it has occurred in the São Paulo state in the last decades. Such phenomenon, which originally would allow greater articulation and integration of the national productive system, has not been enough to narrow regional inequalities. Moreover, recent research points to a new agglomeration process called polygonal development, now concentrated in the Center-South of Brazil. Our study is based on the researches of renowned authors who point out Minas Gerais state as the major beneficiary of the deconcentration process, taking a highlight place in the national industrial production. However, this state clearly demonstrates an uneven development among its various regions. Hence, the aim of this work is to verify the current economic-industrial scenario of Minas Gerais, in the years 2007 and 2014, through its sectoral dynamics and its locational factors based on the 66 microregions that make up the state. The database used for this study refers to the effective employment according to the economic activities of the CNAE 2.0 in the mentioned period, which is available on Annual Social Information Report (RAIS). The time interval is justified because it corresponds to the most recent period of the available data about Minas Gerais state and eight years is a period considerably able to capture changes in the studied microregions productive structure. Moreover, the Shift-Share method employed in this work suggests to manipulate two years, the initial (2007) and the final (2014), so that the smaller time interval the grater the relevance capture in such period. For treatment of the data, it was used multivariate statistical complementary methods: Shift-Share and Correlated Data Analysis; and Principal Component Analysis and Cluster Analysis. Whole data processing was performed in the statistical software R. Among the results, one can be highlighted that Minas Gerais presents a relatively diversified productive structure among weberian, traditional and dynamic sectors, with a positive variation in the job offer between 2007 and 2014. However, one can notice that sectors of dynamic industry have demonstrated a loss of employments representativeness, which suggests the continuation of the Minas Gerais traditional productive structure. In addition, one can verify that such sectors (dynamics) are strongly concentrated in the regions located at Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte and Southern of Minas Gerais state.
Books on the topic "Urban specialization"
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Duranton, Gilles. From sectoral to functional urban specialization. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002.
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Fen gong, zhuan ye hua yu cheng shi qun jing ji: Division, specialization and cities agglomeration economies. Beijing: Ke xue chu ban she, 2011.
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Webster, Douglas R., Larissa Muller, Binyi Luo, and Jianming Cai. Emerging Third-Stage Peri-Urbanization: Functional Specialization in the Hanzznov Peri-Urban Region. Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Research Center, Walter H., 2003.
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Schafer, James A., and James Schafer. Business of Private Medical Practice: Doctors, Specialization, and Urban Change in Philadelphia, 1900-1940. Rutgers University Press, 2013.
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Jr, Schafer James A. Business of Private Medical Practice: Doctors, Specialization, and Urban Change in Philadelphia, 1900-1940. Rutgers University Press, 2013.
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Jr, Schafer James A. Business of Private Medical Practice: Doctors, Specialization, and Urban Change in Philadelphia, 1900-1940. Rutgers University Press, 2013.
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Jr, Schafer James A. Business of Private Medical Practice: Doctors, Specialization, and Urban Change in Philadelphia, 1900-1940. Rutgers University Press, 2013.
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The Business of Private Medical Practice: Doctors, Specialization, and Urban Change in Philadelphia, 1900-1940. Rutgers University Press, 2013.
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Ellis, Steven J. R. The Second Retail Revolution. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198769934.003.0005.
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This chapter details the causes behind the second retail revolution of the early Imperial period. It was at this time that we see a rise (once again) in the number of Roman tabernae, as well as a significant increase in their specialization. Essentially, the evidence from Pompeii and elsewhere shows us that a good deal of production associated with tabernae now gave way to retailing activities more exclusively; while street-front production still played an important role in the city, still many workshops now became shops. One noteworthy outcome of this move toward the specialization of retail space was the advent of the food and drink outlet—the bar—as identified by the arrival of the masonry sales counter. As with the first retail revolution, this one too can be connected to a series of urban developments at this time.
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Wallace, Aurora. News Capital. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037344.003.0002.
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This chapter examines the first two papers of the penny press of the 1830s, the New York Sun and the New York Herald, through their transition from tiny four-sheet bulletins printed out of cramped rookeries to important urban institutions with increasingly immodest architectural ambitions, giving new city inhabitants signposts on the landscape that recalled both a recognizable old world and reassurances of the new. The city and the newspapers shared a common set of values—industrial capitalism, specialization of labor, geographic concentration, and an intricate and specialized economic structure—that materialized in the form that media architecture began to adopt. The parallel development of the city and the newspaper industry shows their forms coming to mirror each other in the segmentation of neighborhoods and news sections.
Book chapters on the topic "Urban specialization"
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Baltov, Milen. "The Blue Smart Specialization Challenges Towards the." In Future City, 281–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71819-0_15.
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AbstractThe ‘blue economy’ embraces more than five million jobs and the gross added value in the second decade of this century is surpassing EUR half a trillion a year. Now when this growth even accelerates in many more sub-sectors the process goes driven in two ways. On one side, a wave of smart specialization strategies at regional and urban level is under way, in many cases incorporating the restorative economy elements. On the other side, changes just happened even without the respective strategies in the blue economy structure and challenge the established sectors. The purpose of this chapter of the book is to identify the main challenges of the smart specialization strategies at urban and regional level incorporating the blue growth elements that are met towards the restorative economy frames. The methods used are a literature and key policy documents review and some secondary data analysis over performed by the European Commission contractor investigation with reference to a project performed in the sector. As a conclusion the recommendation for sectoral specialization of the coastal areas and its cities’ economy in accordance with the innovative potential for blue growth was outlined, with the understanding it might be fragile due to the unsustainable economic activities in the seas.
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Roberts, Wayne. "Toward City- and People-Centered Food Policy." In Urban Agriculture, 491–503. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32076-7_26.
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AbstractAlthough writing about the importance of food systems for urban planners, Jerome Kaufman influenced the thinking of policy leaders and practitioners across the world including Dr. Wayne Roberts, the author of this chapter. A remarkable food policy leader in his own right, Dr. Wayne Roberts authored this chapter shortly before his passing, reflecting on Kaufman’s influence on the field and his own work. Roberts wrote that “the lack of imagination [in city government] resulting from professional over-specialization is a major barrier to more interactive conversation, learning, and partnership among city planners and Good Food advocates.” Roberts critiques the narrow ‘supply chain’ or ‘nutritionism’ approaches to understanding urban food systems. Rather, he argues that a broader view where “food’s many contributions to personal, psychological, cultural, spiritual, social, environmental and economic development of people, and the mooring of people in their time and place” ought to drive how cities view food. Roberts’ policy leadership in Toronto and Kaufman’s scholarship represent the best of what is possible in municipal policy through open-minded thinking and strategic action. This chapter, Dr. Roberts’ last piece of formal writing, leaves readers with rich ideas for developing people-centered municipal food policy. To learn more about food policy in Toronto, please contact the corresponding author.
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Kurosaki, Takashi. "Crop Specialization and Long-Term Productivity Growth in Indian Agriculture." In The Rural-Urban Nexus in India's Economic Transformation, 25–46. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003311898-3.
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Rodriguez, Nestor P., and Joe R. Feagin. "“Urban specialization in the world system: an investigation of historical cases”." In The Globalizing Cities Reader, 31–40. 2nd Edition. | New York : Routledge, [2018] |: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315684871-5.
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Fedeli, Valeria, Camilla Lenzi, Paola Briata, and Luisa Pedrazzini. "The Reform of Cohesion Policy in the 2014–2020 Programming Period and the Regional Smart Specialization Strategy." In EU Regional and Urban Policy, 9–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34575-4_2.
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Monardo, Bruno. "What Interpretations for ‘Smart Specialization Strategies’ in European Urban Regions? Lessons from Boston." In Smart and Sustainable Planning for Cities and Regions, 357–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75774-2_25.
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Cucca, Roberta, and Lara Maestripieri. "Urban Economic Specialization and Women’s Integration into the Labour Market in 11 European Cities." In Social Indicators Research Series, 35–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16163-1_3.
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Liu, Ru, and Hongzhen Lei. "Diversification, Specialization, and Urban Manufacturing Upgrading: A Study Based on Chinese Industrial Enterprise Data." In Atlantis Highlights in Intelligent Systems, 1076–83. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-200-2_113.
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"Economic Specialization:." In The Rise and Fall of Urban Economies, 75–110. Stanford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvqsdtdq.9.
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Storper, Michael, Thomas Kemeny, Naji Philip Makarem, and Taner Osman. "Economic Specialization." In The Rise and Fall of Urban Economies, 75–110. Stanford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9780804789400.003.0005.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Urban specialization"
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Marat-Mendes, Teresa, and Maria Amélia Cabrita. "Recovering the Habitat concept within Urban Morphology." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5217.
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The purpose of this paper is to provide an opportunity to explore the Habitat debate within ISUF. We quest that within this concept, as placed by Moudon (1997) in her inaugural paper to Urban Morphology, there is an intrinsic call towards an equilibrium between the various dimensions of urban form and a trans-disciplinary approach to the study of urban form, which deserves further investigation.According to Whitehand (2012) specific constrains affected the full concretization of such trans-disciplinary efforts, namely the further specialization of the disciplinary areas. Moreover, as argued by Marat-Mendes (2016), the focus placed by urban morphology on the physical dimensions of urban form has been significantly higher than on the social or human dimensions of the urban form, thus affecting in turn the above-identified equilibrium. In order to contribute to such debate, this paper presents the results of an ongoing investigation (Marat-Mendes, Cabrita, 2015), which seeks to recuperate the concept of Habitat within urban morphology. To do that, it first identifies the concept of Habitat as it was first defined in a number of seminal works to urban morphology (Demangeon, 1926). Secondly, it exposes how did such concept evolved throughout specific historical, disciplinary and methodological contexts (Deyong, 2011). And thirdly, it reveals the impact that such evolution had on the various problematics and scales of approach by those to which the Habitat issue was central for the study of urban from, including some contemporary contributions from various interdisciplinary areas, which seem to be recuperating that concept, although not explicitly. References Demangeon, A. (1926) ‘Un Questionnaire sur L’Habitat Rural, Annales de Géographie 35 (196), 289-292. Deyong, S. (2011) ‘Planetary habitat: the origins of a phantom movement’ The Journal of Architecture 6 (2), 113-128. Moudon, A. V. (1997) ‘The need for a Habitat Agenda within Urban Morphology’ Urban Morphology 1 3-10. Marat-Mendes, T. (2016) ‘Physical, social and cultural dimensions of Urban Morphology: redressing the balance?’ Urban Morphology 20 (2)167-168. Marat-Mendes, T., Cabrita, M. A. (2015) ‘A Morfologia Urbana na Arquitectura em Portugal. Notas sobre uma abordagem tipo-morfológica’, in Oliveira et al. (eds.) O estudo da forma urbana em Portugal (UPorto, Porto) 65-94. Whitehand, J. W. R. (2012) ‘Issues in Urban Morphology’ Urban Morphology 16 (1), 55-65.
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Důbravová, Kateřina, and Josef Kunc. "Průmyslová struktura ČSR na konci 80. let: Milník k post-socialistické transformaci urbánního prostředí." In XXV. mezinárodní kolokvium o regionálních vědách. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0068-2022-20.
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In CSR, industry had an immediate impact on the urban environment of Czech cities, not only during the Industrial Revolution and interwar period, but also during the socialist era. The aim of the paper is to analyze and interpret the differences in the spatial and sectoral structure of industrial production with a focus on the urban environment. Industrial production was analyzed from three points of view: i) the share of industries on employment in districts, ii) largest employers in regional centres, and iii) individual industries in regional centres (the specialization index was calculated). The results have shown the most significant increase in the share of employees in industry in the 1950s and 1960s as a part of the so-called socialist industrialization. During the 1970s and 1980s, industry was losing its relative share, but it kept growing in absolute terms until 1989. In the late 1980s, there were 10 districts with the share of industry on total employment larger than 50%, and in three districts over 60%. Based on the specialization index, four regional centres became very specialized at the time: Karlovy Vary (glass and building materials industry), Ústí nad Labem and Pardubice (chemical and rubber industry), and Olomouc (food industry).
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Piedra León, Ana María. "Cuando el puerto era ciudad: estudio de la relación ciudad-puerto antiguo." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6122.
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La relación del puerto con la ciudad ha cambiado en el tiempo: en sus inicios, el desarrollo de la ciudad estaba en estrecha relación con el desarrollo del puerto y viceversa. Como consecuencia de la especialización e industrialización del puerto dicha relación desaparece ya que se desplazan las actividades portuarias fuera de la ciudad dejando en desuso al puerto original.
La recuperación del puerto antiguo es un tema de interés actual ya que es una pieza potencial de desarrollo urbano, principalmente por su valor cultural y de identidad. ¿Cómo reintegrarla a la ciudad manteniendo dichos valores? La presente investigación se enfoca en el caso de Barcelona y plantea que la relación puerto- ciudad ha tenido momentos variables de acercamiento y distanciamiento que han influido en su estructura urbana y, que dicha estructura tiene valores urbanos y culturales. The relationship of the port with the city has changed over time: in the beginning, the development of the city was closely related to the development of the port and vice versa. As a result of specialization and industrialization that relationship disappears because port activities were taken outside the city, leaving the original port abandoned.
The recovery of the old harbor is a matter of interest because it is a potential element for urban development, mainly due to its cultural and identity value. How to reintegrate the port and city keeping those values? This research focuses on the case of Barcelona and proposes that the port-city relationship has had varying moments of closeness and distance that have influenced its urban structure and, that this structure has urban and cultural values.
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Moreira, Inês de Castro Luís Lopes. "Filamentos metropolitanos: a emergência de formações urbanísticas especializadas no território metropolitano de Lisboa." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Instituto de Arte Americano. Universidad de Buenos Aires, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.5961.
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As alterações do contexto físico e económico dos últimos anos vieram potenciar as transformações no território metropolitano de Lisboa e a consequente formação de eixos urbanos especializados a nível funcional. Estes eixos, produto de processos de infra-estruturação e densificação metropolitana, resultam num sistema urbano polinucleado, com a existência de áreas de grande concentração de actividades económicas ligadas ao sector terciário e, consequentemente, com o abandono e a reestruturação das vastas áreas industriais periféricas.
O tema centra-se na emergência de morfologias urbanas associadas à especialização programática ligada às diferentes actividades económicas. De forma a contextualizar e identificar o processo subjacente ao seu aparecimento e consolidação, exploram-se as transformações que se verificaram na estrutura metropolitana durante os últimos 50 anos e identificam-se os principais motores e consequências da especialização territorial. De seguida, recorre-se ao caso de estudo (o filamento metropolitano entre Lisboa e Vila Franca de Xira) com o objectivo de identificar as tendências contemporâneas, de que forma as mudanças se materializaram e qual o seu impacte territorial. The changes in the physical and economic context of the recent years have potentiated
the transformations in Lisbon’s metropolitan territory and the consequent formation of
functionally specialized urban axis.
These are product of metropolitan infrastructuration and densification,
resulting in a polynuclear urban system
with areas of great concentration of economic activities related to the tertiary sector and, hence, the abandonment and restructuring of the vast peripheral
industrial areas.
The theme focuses the emergence of urban morphologies associated to a programmatic
specialization related to the different economic activities. In order to contextualise and identify the process underlying its emergence and consolidation,
the article explores the transformations that have occurred in the metropolitan
structure over the past 50 years and identifies the main drivers and consequences of the territorial specialization.
Then, the contemporary trends and the materialization of the changes and their territorial impact are analysed, by resorting to the case study (the metropolitan filament between Lisbon and Vila
Franca de Xira).
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Rita Meira Engel, Ernestina, and Almir Francisco Reis. "HABITAÇÃO EM CENTROS HISTÓRICOS E VITALIDADE URBANA: dinâmicas do centro de Florianópolis." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Grup de Recerca en Urbanisme, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.12618.
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The issues related to the emptying and deterioration of historic centers are increasingly discussed in urbanstudies. In this context, the analysis of the role of housing use in the vitality of these spaces and the growingtertiary specialization are always present. Deepening this problematic, this paper aims to problematize therelations between urban vitality and housing in the historic center of Florianópolis. The methods usedcomprise the mapping of census data, research and mapping of land uses and characterization of the mainexisting housing typologies. Moreover, the information is crossed with the co-presence and appropriation of itspublic places of collective use. The results show the expressive absence of housing, related to thespecialization in the tertiary sector. This phenomenon results in the desertification of the area during noncommercialhours, which significantly affects the pre-existing conditions of urban vitality. Keywords: urban vitality, housing, historical centerse, Florianópolis. As questões relacionadas ao esvaziamento e à deterioração dos centros históricos são cada vez maisdiscutidas nos estudos urbanos. Neste contexto, a análise do papel do uso habitacional na vitalidade dessesespaços e a crescente especialização terciária estão sempre presentes. Aprofundando esta problemática, otrabalho tem por objetivo problematizar as relações entre vitalidade urbana e habitação no centro histórico deFlorianópolis. Os métodos utilizados compreendem o mapeamento de dados censitários, pesquisa emapeamento de usos do solo e caracterização das principais tipologias habitacionais existentes. Além disso,as informações são cruzadas com a copresença e a apropriação de seus lugares públicos de uso coletivo. Osresultados mostram a ausência expressiva de habitação, relacionada à especialização no setor terciário.Esse fenômeno resulta na desertificação da área nos horários não comerciais, que afeta significativamenteas condições de vitalidade urbana preexistentes.Palavras-chave: vitalidade urbana, habitação, centros históricos, Florianópolis.
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Carrasco, Brisa, Edel Cadena, Juan Campos, and Raquel Hinojosa. "Social conflict in response to urban sprawl in rural areas: urban reconfiguration of the Mezquital valley as influence area of the megalopolis of Mexico City." In Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8118.
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The urban sprawl of metropolitan areas involves complex processes of coexistence between urban and rural dynamics, the functional redefining of central urban areas and rural areas or urban-rural surrounding transition generates land conflicts. In this paper the context of Mexico City megalopolis and its expansion process, will be discussed in the new specialization of the central city to tertiary services and increasing the value of land, it has resulted in the expulsion of the industry and social housing to the increasingly distant urban periphery. The urban development by strength of small towns that surround Mexico City, has generated various social conflicts that claim the right to a healthy environment and territory. The aim of the paper is to analyze the process of urban expansion of the megalopolis of Mexico City to the region of Mezquital Valley, with main emphasis on urban and industrial growth and the emergence of social conflicts in response to these territory changes. The research method is the quantification of urban growth detected by statistical data and monitoring social conflicts related to urban expansion in Mezquital Valley. By the work has been revised three emblematical and recent cases of this social movements: the Ciudades del Bicentenario project, movements against cements industries and the MSW management project SIGIR: Valle de México. The main conclusions were that urban expansion has generated social and environmental impacts, for populations that are exempt from the benefits of central urban areas. These new peripheries require a comprehensive urban planning, which are considered social needs and environmental rationality. Otherwise they become bonded areas that grow in marginal conditions and are affected by the progress that generate them benefits away from them generates new problems.
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Radulović, Ivan, Ratka Čolić, Viktor Veljović, and Vanja Popović. "SUSTAINABLE AND INTEGRATED TERRITORIAL DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF THE CITY OF KRAGUJEVAC AND MUNICIPALITIES OF BATOČINA, LAPOVO, RAČA, KNIĆ, TOPOLA AND ARANĐELOVAC URBAN AREA." In 20th SCIENTIFIC-PROFESSIONAL CONFERENCE WITH INTERNATIONAL PARTICIPATION “URBANISM AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT”. Serbian Town Planner Association, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/urbanizam24.145r.
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The EU program for local development (EU PRO Plus) supported the development of the Sustainable and Integrated Territorial Development Strategy of the city of Kragujevac and the municipalities of Batočina, Lapovo, Rača, Knić, Topola and Aranđelovac urban area. The objectives of the Strategy are: strengthening the urban identity and renewal of the urban area by supporting sustainable and integral development; promoting the transition to clean and fair energy, green and blue investments, climate change adaptation and mitigation, risk prevention and management, and sustainable urban mobility; promoting innovative and smart economic transformation, circular and low-carbon economy and ICT integration; improvement of social welfare and improvement of urban development management. The Strategy defines: generators of development; priority areas of intervention (smart specialization and innovative economic development with multi-modal hubs, integration and innovation of social services, health and sports tourism, urban mobility and traffic integration, development of a unique tourist offer of cultural heritage and development of thematic routes); protection and development zones (green and blue infrastructure, endangered areas); development routes and hubs (state roads, railways, pedestrian corridors, bicycle routes, multimodal hubs); development networks (cultural goods, tourist points, waste management, energy rehabilitation, local products, clusters of food producers, start-up centers and business incubators, regional centers, social and health care). This resulted in strategic projects (integral, bilateral, or related to the center of local administration) in the areas of: urban area identity, green and energy transition and urban mobility, innovative and smart economy, social welfare and urban/territorial development management.
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Novales Ordax, Margarita. "Reflexión sobre el uso de las wikis como herramientas de aprendizaje cooperativo." In Contextos universitarios transformadores: a innovación como eixo vertebrador da docencia. VI Xornadas de Innovación Docente. Universidade da Coruña. Servizo de Publicacións, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.000016.191.
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This paper presents the utilization of two different wikis, used as learning and grading tools in two school years (2019-2020 and 2021-2022) in the course Metropolitan Mobility and Transport Terminals, from the Civil Engineering Degree, specialization in Transport and Urban Services. Through the development of wikis, students share the responsibility of building knowledge, which is motivating for them and results in a more active learning. In addition, improved results are attained through the interaction among students, in relation to those which would be achieved individually. Via the design of these activities, the lecturer of the course and author of this work ensures the acquisition of both specific competencies for the course and some of the more relevant transversal competencies for the professional practice. In addition, students are approached to their future professional activity making them face existing real-world problems related to the subject taught during lectures.
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Gonzalez, Madalen. "Urban efflorescences of the global and the local: An analysis of the territory of Gipuzkoa (Spain)." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6077.
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Urban efflorescences of the global and the local: An analysis of the territory of Gipuzkoa (Spain).Madalen González Bereziartua¹ ¹ Área de Urbanismo, Escuela Técnica Superior de Arquitectura de San Sebastián, Universidad del País Vasco-Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV-EHU). Plaza Oñati, 2. 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián. E-mail: madalen@gmail.com. Tel. Num: 943015907 Keywords (3-5): Urban centrality, global exposure, territory of Gipuzkoa, spatial patterns Conference topics and scale: Tools of analysis in urban morphology, territorial scale The present study deals with the changes generated in the last decades by the increasing globalization in order to discern its influence on the urban structure of Gipuzkoa. The incidence of globalization in the processes of urban transformation is perceived, on the one hand, in the tendency towards the concentration of economic activities and, on the other, in the stimulus received by the local level and by the specialization, as generators of urban concentration. The urban forms that have arisen in this territory as a result of the global exposure present a varied typology as a consequence of the multiple scopes and scales in which they have been developed. Far from pretending to cover them all, the present study analyses a sample of urban processes and effects that have taken place in the territory of Gipuzkoa in the last decades, such as: science and technology parks, specialized networks around local products, processes of museification of industrial and rural environments, or expansion of the tourism services network. The study of these processes will attend both to their particular urban manifestation and to their territorial incidence, through the use of diverse sources and techniques to obtain a map in which they can be studied together. The resulting map of the sum of the different indicators will reveal characteristic spatial patterns of this centrality associated to the effect exercised by the sphere of the global over the local. References (100 words) Ascher, F. (2001), Los Nuevos Principios del Urbanismo (Alianza Editorial, Madrid, 2004). Castells, M. and Hall, P. (1994), Tecnópolis del mundo: la formación de los complejos industriales del siglo XXI (Alianza Editorial, Madrid, 2001). Ramos Truchero, G. (2013), “Alimentación e identidad territorial en la producción de queso Idiazabal”, Lurralde: investigación y espacio 36, 15-30. Sassen, S. (1991), La ciudad global: Nueva York, Londres, Tokio (Eudeba, Editorial Universitaria de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1999). Valenzuela Rubio, M. (2003), “Turismo y Patrimonio Utilitario. El discreto encanto de las actividades decadentes”, in Valenzuela Rubio, M. (ed.) Un mundo por descubrir en el siglo XXI, (Real Sociedad Geográfica, Madrid) 401-437.
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Temes Cordovez, Rafael R., and Alfonso Moya Fuero. "Application for a barrier free tourism in Valencia." In Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8146.
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Barrier free tourism is increasingly getting a greater attention by the tourist industry, not just for the added value given to the touristic experience, but because of the difference and specialization on a wide market share that the Spanish touristic sector has not been able to fully take advantage of yet. Following this idea, the National Plan for Smart cities (Plan Nacional de Ciudades Inteligentes) stands up for smart touristic destinations where innovative technologies should play an important role to improve accessibility. The development of the mobile phone App “Barrier Free-Valencia” intents to offer a useful tool to walk through the city of Valencia guaranteeing a 100% barrier free route. The methodology used for the development is based on the combination of a systematic field work, using free access information provided by the Municipality of Valencia, and calculations based on the Dijkstra algorithm (1959) implemented on a GIS software. To calculate the route, it is used the impedance or crossing difficulty concept where the different urban barriers and low comfort situation areas are identified. The main data used are: presence of lower sidewalks, path narrowing, slopes, steps and noisy pavement. After this data has been identified, the routes are divided into accessible, passable, and not accessible. It is necessary to work on the idea of creating representative single line grids of sidewalks and, therefore, of real paths followed by urban citizens. By doing so, more data can be collected to build a complete Smart City grid. The development of Apps such as Barrier Free will help on the evolution towards more inclusive cities. An idea that is the basic line of our investigation.
Reports on the topic "Urban specialization"
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Duranton, Gilles, and Diego Puga. From Sectoral to Functional Urban Specialization. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w9112.
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Co-creation of benchmarking processes: urban policies for smart specialization. Universidad de Deusto, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/xufl3657.
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This document presents the main results that emerged from experimenting with new approaches on how benchmarking processes can be designed and developed so as to implement the lessons learnt in a more appropriate way. The policy field addressed by the benchmarking was the specialisation strategy of Bilbao and experimentation took place within the implementation of Policy Benchmarking in the Bilbao As-Fabrik project (2017-2020). Included in this document are a series of insights into the design and development of benchmarking processes as well as recommendations on how to improve both benchmarking learning processes and the transferability of the lessons learnt.
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Playing the long game: Experimenting Smart Specialisation in the Basque Country 2016-2019. Universidad de Deusto, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/ajzo9759.
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Smart specialization strategies (RIS3) represent arguably the most ambitious regional innovation policy ever launched in the EU and as such have posed a major challenge for governments. While developing a smart specialization strategy has not been an entirely new adventure for the Basque Country, which has consistently pursued an industrial strategy over more than thirty years, there is enough novelty in the RIS3 process to pose a challenge even for mature regional innovation policy systems. This report builds on previous analysis of the early implementation of the Basque Country RIS3 (Aranguren et al, 2016) to explore how the processes initially set in motion have subsequently evolved. The focus is on the period 2016-2019 and the analysis is based on interviews with 28 key actors in the Basque RIS3 process alongside a range of other documentary sources. The analysis finds significant changes in the governance of the entrepreneurial discovery processes established in the three strategic priority areas (advanced manufacturing, energy and bio-health) and four opportunity niches (ecosystems, food, urban habitat and creative and cultural industries). These are materializing in changes in the actors engaged and the strategies pursued, and they lead to six core conclusions that might form the basis for recommendations for the future. In line with a ‘living strategy’, a new configuration of priorities is emerging There is an increasing horizontalization taking place, built on cross-cutting concern for internationalization, skills, new business models and entrepreneurship Engaging SMEs remains a huge challenge, and Basque experience points to key roles for cluster associations, local development agencies and vocational training centres The integration of social challenges (and civil society) remains a key challenge, and might take inspiration from Agenda 2030 and from transformative innovation policy or mission-oriented policy approaches There is a specific need for larger, more integrated projects, which will require further adaption of the implementation and policy mix There is need to work on the voice of regions within EU decision-making dynamics and to strengthen coordination across regional initiatives The evolution of the entrepreneurial discovery process observed in the Basque Country sheds light on some of the key issues with the ongoing development of RIS3 across Europe. These include the nature of their experimentalist polity, the further reform of regional research and innovation systems, the rising status of monitoring and evaluation as a strategic diagnostic tool, and the need to re-enforce synergies between EU policy instruments and across EU regions.
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Smart city development in Zorrotzaurre, Bilbao. A case analysis. Universidad de Deusto, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18543/cfwy7650.
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The regeneration of Zorrotzaurre is the largest current urban development project in the city of Bilbao. Since the final Master Plan for the project was approved in 2012, progress in the development has already resulted in the opening of the Deusto canal and the construction and renovation of buildings on the northern and southern parts of the island. However, certain challenges have arisen throughout this phase that must be solved in order to guarantee further successful development of the island. These challenges can be summarised in four key factors: Governance, Talent Creation, Real Estate and Mobility. This report gathers a case analysis of six city districts in order to obtain pragmatic and robust findings and recommendations for the development process in Zorrotzaurre: Waterfront Toronto (Canada), 22@ -Barcelona (Spain), HafenCity – Hamburg (Germany), Innovation District- Porto (Portugal), Kalasatama -Helsinki (Finland) and Innovation District - Rotterdam (The Netherlands). The result of the analysis leads to seven core conclusions: Centrality multiactor spaces as governance structures for district development Holistic system for a bottom-up approach and citizens’ participation Comprehensive information sharing system Importance of district development facilitators and agency Living lab approach Compliance of real estate with social and environmental standards Mobility as an essential part of the district development process The analysis is part of Bilbao Next Lab, the action research project facilitated by Orkestra in collaboration with Bilbao City Council in order to advance within the smart specialization process of the city. According to the cogeneration model of action research, this report will be one of the contributions of the team of researchers from Orkestra to the process with the aim of defining specific policy instruments and actions for the development of the Zorrotzaurre district. Specific workshops, arranged by researchers, will take place in 2020 for such purpose.