Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Urban spatiality'

This project focuses on the relationship between law and space. In the South African context, apartheid can be understood as a legal system that regulated material space. This system produced social relations and conditions that remain, despite the abolition of the apartheid legal system. Spatial justice captures the relationship between law and space. Looking at law from the perspective of spatial justice provides a vocabulary for explaining how spaces (as social relations) remain after laws have gone. Following feminist geographer Doreen Massey, I call for law to recognise relational space. The city of Tshwane's lawscape provides me with three instantiations through which to investigate the spatial justice discourse. The first chapter considers the case of Schubart Park, a high-rise complex in the inner city of Tshwane. An estimated 700 families were evicted from the building complex in 2011. The constitutional court, one year later, ordered the re-instatement of the inhabitants, but the buildings still stand empty. The second chapter focuses on the city of Tshwane street names case. During 2012, a number of street names across the city were changed. The constitutional court, in 2016, handed down a judgment that brings to the surface the notions of belonging in the city. The third chapter traces the grand narrative of the municipality by analysing the mayoral speeches of the past five years and the Tshwane 2055 plan. This project hopes to contribute to the vocabulary of spatiality and spatial justice from a post-apartheid South African perspective and in particular from the vantage point of the administrative capital.
Thesis (LLD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Jurisprudence
LLD
Unrestricted

This thesis problematizes to relationship between gender based poverty and exclusion and urban space. Five forms of oppression, namely exploitation, powerlessness, cultural imperialism, violence, marginalization, faced by women in highly patriarchal urban setting are examined to identify the spatial dynamics of each forms of oppression. A field research was carried out in one of the poor neighborhood of Ankara
nearby Siteler where male dominated furniture production is carried out. Through the in-depth interviews, women&rsquo
s perception and experience of spatializedoppression is documented and used to develop the arguments put forward in the theoretical section.

Thesis advisor: Lisa Patel Stevens
This study uses the construct of design to examine the interplay of texts, tools, and participants to ask, "How are educational environments designed and how do participants interact with designs to create spaces." I approached this question from the theoretical stance that material settings (e.g., schools, classrooms) may be designed for particular uses through institutional norms and purposeful thought (e.g., curriculum guides, technologies, architectural designs), but the way participants take up designs is not given a priori. Using ethnographic methods and spatial theories, I studied the literacy practices of a high school class designed for learning with and through multimodal textual practices, focusing on how this design of learning operated within the institutional norms of a comprehensive urban high school. Data included participant observation, qualitative interviews, and analysis of cultural artifacts, but spatial theories (de Certeau, 1984; Deleuze & Guattari, 1987; Lefebvre, 1991; Soja, 1989, 1996) and theories of design (Kress, 2003; New London Group, 1995) guided the selection and analysis of the data. Stylistically, this dissertation uses video and hyperlinks as a representational tool to illustrate the connections between conceptual fields and to illustrate how meaning is made and conveyed through the added dimensions of multimodality. The dissonance that the teacher's designs caused with the school's available designs is one of the most interesting findings. By breaking temporal and spatial boundaries of what constitutes a class, an academic discipline, and a teacher/student relationship, the teacher and the students used multimodal literacy practices in ways that offered fewer opportunities to assimilate understandings of what and how it means to learn and teach in school into available designs. The participants' interactions with the designs were mediated, however, by their cultural understandings of the purpose of school, their place in the school, and the potential of learning in school. In other words, the rules and grammars of available designs of school were co-constructive in the active designing by the participants
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009
Submitted to: Boston College. Lynch School of Education
Discipline: Teacher Education, Special Education, Curriculum and Instruction

En raison de l’incompatibilité des méthodes chromatiques architecturales promues en Iran dans les deux phases récentes de modernisation avec les conditions du milieu géographique et culturel, nous nous interrogeons sur la spécificité du sens de la couleur et de son rôle dans la spatialité persane. La couleur peut-elle être encore considérée comme un facteur structurant dans une situation où la ville affronte une forte tendance à l’uniformisation de son cadre bâti ? Si nous avons focalisé nos analyses à partir d’Ispahan d’un point de vue historique et théorique, c’est dans la mesure où l’urbanisme traditionnel comme les transformations contemporaines de cette ville permettent d’opérer une coupe épaisse et transversale dans l’ensemble de la société persane et iranienne. Si le point de départ de notre travail a d’abord consisté à analyser le sens et les valeurs des rapports entre couleur(s) et espaces, architectural et urbain, contemporains persans, après plusieurs années de recherche, notre point d’arrivée - et notre thèse principale - consiste à dire que les effets optiques et tactiles ou haptiques des couleurs dans l’espace architectural et urbain dépendent fondamentalement de l’interprétation donnée à la profondeur. Qu’entendre en effet par ce concept, complexe, et ses mises en œuvre urbanistiques dans le contexte de la culture persane ? C’est dans cette logique que nous essayons de projeter un nouveau regard vis-à-vis de la troisième dimension et de son expression par l’usage des couleurs à la fois dans la conception des habitats modernes à Ispahan mais aussi dans les projets d’aménagement urbain actuel de cette ville
Because of the discordancy between the chromatic architectural strategies put forward in Iran during two of its most recent phases of modernization and Iran’s broader geographic and cultural context, I have set out to question the specificity of the sense of colour and its role in Persian spatiality. Can colour still be considered a structural factor in a city faced with the current trend towards uniform built environments? If I have focused my analysis on Ispahan from a historical and theoretical point of view, it is because traditional urban planning as well as the contemporary transformations of the city encompass a significantly broad and transversal sample of the entire Persian and Iranian society. If the point of departure of my work has been to analyse the sense and value of the relationships between contemporary Persian colour(s) and architectural and urban spaces, my point of arrival, and main thesis after many years of research, consists in saying that the optic and haptic effects of colour in architectural and urban spaces depend fundamentally on the interpretation that is given to depth. How can we understand this complex concept and its urban development usage in a Persian cultural context? It is following this logic that I will try to develop a new perspective on the third dimension and its expression by means of the use of colour, within both the understanding of Ispahan’s inhabitants, and the city’s actual urban development projects

The scope of this piece of work is to reflect upon a series of past and recent publications as well as those in progress referring to innovations in architectural education which has already led and/or might lead to major shifts in future practices. This is an opportunity for the author to reflect on concepts and ideas for the future of architecture which is currently undergoing innovative developments by embracing new theories and enduring professional formation according to contemporary trends. This reflective work has been based on publication of research, including ongoing editorial work related to this topic. The author’s ideas and philosophy on human-oriented design and fractal patterns of social life has embraced dynamics of urban developments in modern and future cities. She has succeeded in considering, uniquely interpreting and further developing ideas and theories of established authors, such as Christopher Alexander’s concepts on patterns and principles of design and Nikos Salingaros’ thermodynamic models of the built environment. The author was inspired by teachers and renowned scholars in history, philosophy and practices of architecture; her own teachers’ experiences and their teaching had offered a singular momentum in her personal career path. This long process started when her teachers succeeded in placing urbanism and architecture side by side inside the Faculty of Architecture of Florence back in the 1970s. Hence the author reflects not only on recent publications, but also on others that have been published in the last decade or so. In this report it is evident that materials produced during these years have been essential and invaluable for her later endeavours in learning, teaching and the training of designers and architects in Great Britain and beyond.

Reinterpreting the issues of urban density development in Hong Kong, this thesis studies the spatial-temporal production processes of Sham Shui Po as a high density social space. Lefebvre’s theory of ‘the production of space’ is applied for a qualitative-based theoretical-empirical analysis. This study criticizes past literature on urban density issues in Hong Kong, dominated by discourses built upon absolute space approach, for their reductionist methodologies and findings simplifying man-space relations and concealing in-depth socio-political implications. The analysis is centred on three dialectically related elements: spatial practices, conceived spaces (objective, abstract knowledge of space), and lived spaces (subjective values on space). Deciphering the geographical-historical interactions of the spatial trialectics over Sham Shui Po in general and at individual level, particularly residential and street-commercial spaces, this thesis suggests that Sham Shui Po is deeply influenced by the spatial abstractions of formal density control comprising planning knowledge, legal establishment, capitalist processes, and informal control on spatial practices. They have together rendered Sham Shui Po a space technically and functionally organized in terms of the development of residential and street spaces, resulting in massive property development, widespread space subdivision for high density dwellings, and unique street life with dynamic and transient concentration of corporeality and materiality. It is also found that recently inhabitants are subject to a dissipation of spatial resistance for alternative dwelling practices due to oppressions from continuously enhanced conceived spaces re-imposing on them and their living spaces. Individuals influenced by consequentially renewed social identities can also be found trapped into high density spaces physically and institutionally, as their spatial practices have been separated, confined and simplified within both interior-residential and exterior-street spaces. Sham Shui Po reveals itself as different spatial mismatches when inhabitants’ lived spaces for securing their spaces of everyday life are without proper response. Deepening the spatial traps and mismatches, the research area is as well undergoing redevelopment processes in reproducing other forms of high density physical fabric, at the expense of original socio-spatialities, through spatial default and historical disconnection

This thesis is concerned with the spatial organisation of the built environment as a temporal phenomenon. It identifies how research into the relationship of urban society and the built environment over time is rendered problematic by the absence of an adequate concept of historical space. The difficulty arises where social theory and empirical research methods fail to comprise a coherent epistemological framework for the interpretation of social change associated with the material upheaval of urban transformation. The result is to compromise the researcher’s intention to understand the effects of changes in urban structure on people’s lives without appearing to endorse a rigid environmental or economic determinism in which the social nature of space and its capacity to be meaningful to human agents remains insufficiently acknowledged. This thesis finds a resolution to this conceptual deficiency in combining the theory and methods of space syntax, associated with Bill Hillier, with the scaling dynamics of fractal geometry, the phenomenology of David Seamon and the ‘human ecology’ of George Zipf. These contrasting but complementary perspectives provide the basis for the formulation of a concept of historical space in which the locative particularities of diverse social practices can be interpreted contextually in relation to the spatial and temporal configuration of the built environment in which they took place. The theoretical-methodological perspective provided by this thesis was developed on the basis of extensive archive-based research and spatio-functional analysis related to the socio-economic history of Sheffield c.1770-1910. The case-study addresses the role of urban form in the organisation and persistence of the ‘innovative milieu’ in Sheffield’s cutlery industry and the shifting spatial orientation of the city’s processional culture. Before c.1850 Sheffield’s physical growth was consistent with the scaled expansion of the cutlery industry over an extended urban area while movement patterns remained typically local and circulatory. However, the centrifugal movement associated with late nineteenth-century suburbanisation began to undermine the distinctive socio-spatial conditions of the innovative milieu, asserting a linearising dynamic that lent increased symbolic emphasis to the presence of middle-class values and state ceremonial within Sheffield’s civic culture. The thesis concludes that the notion of historical space makes a valuable contribution to the interpretation of source data relating to urban transformation by articulating how the built environment constitutes an identifiable but mutable structure for the generation of socio-spatial meanings that are realised and, to a greater or lesser extent, persist, in time.

Doctor of Philosophy
This ethnography is based on fieldwork in two very different cities, Hong Kong and Sydney. It traces the movements of subjects from Hong Kong through the analysis of differing modes of inhabiting urban space. The texture of lived spaces provides an analytic focus for examining a highly mobile migrant group. This ethnography explores the mesh of objective structures and migrant subjectivities in a mobile field of migrant ‘place’. A basic assumption of this study is that people from Hong Kong have acquired a common array of dispositions attuned to living in a specific environment. Hong Kong’s dense and challenging urban space embodies aspects of the singular historical ‘production of space’ underpinning a colonial entrepôt that has expanded into a major global economic node. The conditions of lived space are examined through an historical analysis of urban space in Hong Kong and an ethnographic analysis of spatial practices and dispositions. The sprawling spaces of suburban Sydney clearly differ sharply from that of Hong Kong. Interview accounts of settling in Sydney are used to investigate the ‘gap’ in spatial dispositions. Settling entails both practical accommodations to new and unfamiliar localities and an interweaving of cultural and ideological elements into the expanded everyday of migrant subjectivity. Language and speech are integral to spatial practices and provide means of referencing and evaluating ongoing social relations and trajectories. The ‘discourse space’ of interview accounts of settlement in Sydney and movements back to Hong Kong are closely examined, yielding an array of perceptions and representations of different, and contested styles of urban life. All the senses are brought into play in accounts of densities and absences in people’s everyday worlds. At the same time this thesis provides a perspective from which to interrogate contemporary interpretations of ‘transnational’ migration, suggesting the need for an analysis grounded in a specific economy of capacities and dispositions to appropriate social and symbolic goods.

Le travail présenté dans cette thèse s’inscrit dans le champ de la géographie culturelle et veut participer à prouver qu’il existe un tournant spatial tel qu’il a été défini par Edward Soja en 1996, qui permet de porter un regard autre sur les sociétés en les analysant à partir des objets culturels qu’elles produisent. Les albums pour enfants, ces livres conçus pour le jeune public qui combinent images, supports et très souvent textes dans un rapport d’interdépendance, constituent les objets de ce travail de recherches. Envisagés comme des produits culturels géographiques, ils interrogent, disent, représentent et mettent en scène espaces et spatialités. S’intéressant à un corpus d’albums iconotextuels narratifs édités en France entre 1919 et 2012, ce travail s’emploie à démontrer qu’il existe une interdépendance entre trois instances narratives (textuelle, iconique et plastique) et que cette interdépendance génère et imagine non seulement de l’espace pour le lecteur mais également une intentionnalité spatiale, une transmission d’un habiter tel qu’il est pensé par l’auteur-illustrateur. La dernière partie de ce travail, plus exploratoire, propose de voir dans l’album pour enfants un lieu de communication dans lequel l’intentionnalité spatiale aiderait le lecteur-enfant à agir sur de l’espace. La réception, l’expérience esthétique, la lecture performative de l’album permettraient à l’enfant de se construire un capital culturel spatial dans lequel il pourrait puiser pour « faire avec » l’espace qu’il habite ou qu’il aura à habiter
The work presented in this dissertation fits in the field of cultural geography and hopes to prove that there exists a spatial turning point as defined by Edward Soja in 1996, which will allow a further look into societies, analyzing them by means of the cultural objects that they produce.Children’s picture books, these books conceived for the young public which combine images, props, and very often text in a relationship of interdependence, constitute the objects of this research work. Considered as geographic cultural products, they question, state, represent, and stage spaces and spatialities.Drawing from a body of narrative, iconotextual picture books published in France between 1919 and 2012, this work intends to demonstrate that there exists an interdependence among three narrative instances (textual, iconic, and plastic) and that this interdependence generates and imagines not only space for the reader but also a spatial intentionality, a transmission of living such as envisioned by the author-illustrator.The last part of this work, more exploratory, proposes seeing in children’s books a place of communication in which the spatial intentionality would help the child-reader to act on the space. The reception, the esthetic experience, the performative reading of the picture book would allow the child to construct for himself a spatial cultural capital in which he could delve to “play with” the space in which he lives or that he will have to live

Tackling urbanisation and climate change requires more sustainable and resilient cities, which in turn will require planners to develop a portfolio of measures to manage climate risks such as flooding, meet energy and greenhouse gas reduction targets, and prioritise development on brownfield sites to preserve greenspace. However, the policies, strategies and measures put in place to meet such objectives can frequently conflict with each other or deliver unintended consequences, hampering long-term sustainability. For example, the densification of cities in order to reduce transport energy use can increase urban heat island effects and surface water flooding from extreme rainfall events. In order to make coherent decisions in the presence of such complex multi-dimensional spatial conflicts, urban planners require sophisticated planning tools to identify and manage potential trade-offs between the spatial strategies necessary to deliver sustainability. To achieve this aim, this research has developed a multi-objective spatial optimisation framework for the spatial planning of new residential development within cities. The implemented framework develops spatial strategies of required new residential development that minimize conflicts between multiple sustainability objectives as a result of planning policy and climate change related hazards. Five key sustainability objectives have been investigated, namely; (i) minimizing risk from heat waves, (ii) minimizing the risk from flood events, (iii) minimizing travel costs in order to reduce transport emissions, (iv) minimizing urban sprawl and (v) preventing development on existing greenspace. A review identified two optimisation algorithms as suitable for this task. Simulated Annealing (SA) is a traditional optimisation algorithm that uses a probabilistic approach to seek out a global optima by iteratively assessing a wide range of spatial configurations against the objectives under consideration. Gradual ‘cooling’, or reducing the probability of jumping to a different region of the objective space, helps the SA to converge on globally optimal spatial patterns. Genetic Algorithms (GA) evolve successive generations of solutions, by both recombining attributes and randomly mutating previous generations of solutions, to search for and converge towards superior spatial strategies. The framework works towards, and outputs, a series of Pareto-optimal spatial plans that outperform all other plans in at least one objective. This approach allows for a range of best trade-off plans for planners to choose from. ii Both SA and GA were evaluated for an initial case study in Middlesbrough, in the North East of England, and were able to identify strategies which significantly improve upon the local authority’s development plan. For example, the GA approach is able to identify a spatial strategy that reduces the travel to work distance between new development and the central business district by 77.5% whilst nullifying the flood risk to the new development. A comparison of the two optimisation approaches for the Middlesbrough case study revealed that the GA is the more effective approach. The GA is more able to escape local optima and on average outperforms the SA by 56% in in the Pareto fronts discovered whilst discovering double the number of multi-objective Pareto-optimal spatial plans. On the basis of the initial Middlesbrough case study the GA approach was applied to the significantly larger, and more computationally complex, problem of optimising spatial development plans for London in the UK – a total area of 1,572km2. The framework identified optimal strategies in less than 400 generations. The analysis showed, for example, strategies that provide the lowest heat risk (compared to the feasible spatial plans found) can be achieved whilst also using 85% brownfield land to locate new development. The framework was further extended to investigate the impact of different development and density regulations. This enabled the identification of optimised strategies, albeit at lower building density, that completely prevent any increase in urban sprawl whilst also improving the heat risk objective by 60% against a business as usual development strategy. Conversely by restricting development to brownfield the ability of the spatial plan to optimise future heat risk is reduced by 55.6% against the business as usual development strategy. The results of both case studies demonstrate the potential of spatial optimisation to provide planners with optimal spatial plans in the presence of conflicting sustainability objectives. The resulting diagnostic information provides an analytical appreciation of the sensitivity between conflicts and therefore the overall robustness of a plan to uncertainty. With the inclusion of further objectives, and qualitative information unsuitable for this type of analysis, spatial optimization can constitute a powerful decision support tool to help planners to identify spatial development strategies that satisfy multiple sustainability objectives and provide an evidence base for better decision making.

Utformningen av våra offentliga miljöer bidrar till att många känner sig otrygga, och oron att utsättas för brott medför att många, speciellt kvinnor, undviker att vistas utomhus. Detta visar att åtgärder som ökar rörligheten och tryggheten för kvinnor i det offentliga rummet är nödvändiga. Detta projekt behandlar ämnet trygghet på offentliga platser, och fokus ligger på offentliga toaletter. Frågan är aktuell och grundar sig i det faktum att det traditionellt sett har byggts fler offentliga toaletter för män än för kvinnor, och att de sällan är utformade för flickor, kvinnor och småbarnsföräldrars behov. Projektets syfte är att förbättra tillgången, utformningen och/eller upplevelsen av offentliga toaletter. Att genom design undersöka hur det offentliga rummet kan bli mer tryggt och tillgängligt för män och kvinnor på lika villkor.
The planning, structure and shape of our urban environments affects our mindsets and perception of safety. The fear of being exposed to crimes causes many, especially women, to avoid certain public places completely. This proves the necessity of increasing and improving the mobility and safety for women in public spaces. This is the topic of this project, and the focus is on public toilets. The issue is relevant and it is based on the fact that cities traditionally have provided more toilets adapted to men (such as urinals), and existing toilets rarely being designed and equipped to fit the needs of women, girls and parents of young children. The purpose of this project is to improve the availability, design and experience of public restrooms. How can one, using design, improve the public space to feel more safe and accessible for men and women on equal terms.

Cette thèse étudie la scène théâtrale et ses transformations dans le contexte socio-politique de Téhéran entre 2009 et 2019 à travers le prisme de la spatialité (Lussault, 2007). Cette période se caractérise d’un côté par l’éclosion de nouveaux espaces de représentation de diverses natures architecturales, urbaines et institutionnelles et, de l’autre, par l’apparition de nouvelles formes d’investissement et d’appropriation d’espaces urbains à des fins théâtrales par les artistes et spectateurs. Pour interroger ces mutations, cette étude analyse trois cas– représentatifs du théâtre privé, du théâtre Off Stage et du théâtre Underground – à partir d’une approche théorique qui conjugue social production of space et social construction of space (Low, 2017). Ce faisant, la présente thèse démontre qu’au-delà des dimensions esthétiques et dramaturgiques, les évolutions de la scène théâtrale à Téhéran se traduisent surtout par un changement qui touche à la spatialité urbaine du théâtre. Cela se concrétise d’une part dans la transformation de l’agencement spatial du théâtre dans la ville et, de l’autre, dans les manières dont les relations et dynamiques sociales et politiques de la ville se spatialisent dans le théâtre. Du fait de ce double processus, et dans la conjoncture socio-politique tendue et changeante du Téhéran des années 2010, l’espace théâtral, jusqu’alors quasiment cloisonné et exclu de la sphère publique, émerge en tant qu’espace public. Il devient ainsi non seulement le lieu du politique, là où se rencontrent différentes forces politiques et sociales (Balme, 2014), mais aussi l’élément principal dans les dynamiques de pouvoirs entre elles. Sa production en tant qu’entité architecturale et urbaine, son occupation, son appropriation et même ses caractéristiques et frontières sociales, symboliques et discursives font alors l’objet de luttes, débats, négociations et interventions – parmi les plus tendus voire virulents que la capitale iranienne ait connus au cours de la dernière décennie – de la part des trois forces principales présentes sur le terrain :le pouvoir autoritaire et idéologique en place, les opérateurs économiques et financiers et les citoyens, en l’occurrence artistes et spectateurs. D’un côté, les forces politiques, idéologiques et financières dominantes mettent en place la privatisation du théâtre, qui est conceptualisée ici comme une stratégie spatiale (De Certeau, 1990). Elles régulent l’espace théâtral, sa production et son utilisation au moyen de multiples processus d’exclusion, d’uniformisation et de domination politiques, idéologiques et économiques. De l’autre côté, des citoyens déploient des tactiques (De Certeau), c’est-à-dire de nouvelles formes d’appropriation de l’espace en utilisant les brèches, incohérences et interstices dans la stratégie dominante. De ce fait, des espaces urbains produits, régulés et surveillés à des fins politiques, idéologiques, voire capitalistes, ouvrent la voie à de nouvelles formes d’agencies pour des artistes et spectateurs. Tantôt ces formes se traduisent par des actes de résistance, de lutte, de contestation (le théâtre Underground), tantôt par des négociations et des compromis (les théâtres privés) ou même par des contournements et des contre-expériences (le théâtre Off Stage). Cependant, quelles que soient la forme et les conséquences de ces interactions, celles-ci ouvrent des fractures dans l’ordre politique, idéologique et économique dominant la ville et son espace. Elles rendent ainsi possibles l’émergence et la survie de formes d’altérité dans la sphère et l’espace publics.
This thesis studies the theatre and its transformations in the socio-political context of Tehran between 2009 and 2019 through the question of spatiality (Lussault, 2007). This period is characterized, on the one hand, by the blossoming of new performance spaces of various architectural, urban and institutional natures throughout the city and, on the other hand, by the appearance of new forms of appropriation of urban spaces for theatrical purposes by artists and spectators. To question these mutations, this study analyses the three case studies – representative of private theatre, off stage theatre and underground theatre - from a theoretical approach that combines social production of space and social construction of space (Low, 2017). In doing so, the present thesis demonstrates that beyond the aesthetic and dramaturgical dimensions, the evolution of the theatre scene in Tehran results from a more significant change in the urban spatiality of the theatre. This materializes, on the one hand, in the transformation of the spatial organization of the theatre within the urban context and, on the other hand, in the ways in which the social and political relations and dynamics of the city are spatialized in the theatre. As a result of this double process, and in the tense and changing socio-political conjunctures of Tehran in 2010s, the theatre space, hitherto an almost compartmentalized space excluded from the public sphere, is manifesting itself as a new public space. Not only it becomes the political field where different political and social forces meet (Balme,2014), it also turns into one of the principal elements in the power dynamics among them. Its production as an architectural and urban entity, its occupation, its appropriation and even its social, symbolic and discursive characteristics and boundaries are then the object of struggles, debates, negotiations and interventions - among the most tense and even virulent ones that the Iranian capital has experienced in the last decade - on the part of the three main forces :the authoritarian and ideological power in place, the economic and financial operators and the citizens, in this case artists and spectators. On the one hand, the dominant political, ideological and financial forces are establishing the privatization of theatre, which is conceptualized here as a spatial strategy. (De Certeau, 1990). They regulate theatre space, its production and use through multiple processes of political, ideological and economic exclusion, homogenization and domination. On the other hand, citizens deploy tactics (De Certeau) that is, new forms of appropriation of space within the breaches, inconsistencies and interstices of the dominant strategy. As a result, urban spaces produced, regulated and monitored for political, ideological or even capitalist purposes immediately become the fields for new forms of artists and spectators’ agencies. Sometimes these forms take the form of acts of resistance, struggle, contestation (the Underground theatre), sometimes of negotiation, compromise (the private theatres) or even circumvention and counter-experiences (the Off Stage theatre). However, whatever the form and consequences of these interactions, they open up breaches and fractures in the political, ideological and economic order that dominates the city and its space. They thus make possible the emergence and survival of forms of otherness in the public sphere and the public space.
Doctorat en Arts du spectacle et technique de diffusion et de communication
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

The use of wireless communication systems is rapidly expanding due to its flexibility, mobility and, low installation and maintenance costs. However as the number of services over wireless networks increase, users expect the same quality of service as on wired networks. Compared to wired channels, a wireless channel is influenced by static and mobile objects in its surroundings. A detailed understanding of these influences are required in order to develop adequate models that can be used to support high data rate services, especially in urban environments where network antennas are frequently installed below surrounding object (building and trees) heights. The research reported in this thesis was carried out to study the impact of mobile objects (vehicle) on wideband channels in urban environment and the signal variations in a picocell. To conduct this study, a wideband channel sounder that transmits a flat spectrum Pseudo-Random Gaussian Noise (PRGN) signal over a bandwidth of 200 MHz at a carrier frequency of 2 GHz was used. The implemented data acquisition strategy enabled channel measurements to be made every 184.32 μs (equivalent to channel sampling rate of 5.4 kHz). This speed is indispensable for studying fast varying channels. A series of controlled experiment were conducted and reported in this thesis to test the capabilities of the channel sounder and to gain an understanding of the impact of passing vehicles on wideband channels. A number of experimental measurements were then carried out to study static and dynamic channels and the results are reported in this thesis. To gain a detailed understanding of the channel variations, an algorithm that can resolve closely spaced multipath components was required. Singular Value Decomposition Prony (SVDP) algorithm has been developed and tested. Test results show that it achieves time delay resolution of up to 1 ns, a factor of 5 better than Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithm. Analysis of the signal variations with distance shows that none of the proposed path loss model can be used to predict signal variation with distance in picocell environment, for path length up to 30 m. A linear model is found to provide the best prediction and is proposed for picocell channels. In addition, Rice probability density function is found to provide the best fit to temporal signal variation with increasing standard deviation as the path length increases. The increase in standard deviation is also reflected in the increase of root mean square delay spread and a reduction in channel coherence bandwidth with increasing path length. Overall, this research has shown that a greater attention needs to be paid to the impact of mobile traffic in urban environments than it was initially thought. Passing vehicles have been shown to cause severe fading within the bandwidth of up to 40 dB but only manifest as between 1 dB and 4 dB fade in the averaged signal power across the bandwidth. This type of fade will introduce error burst in digital communication systems and vary in time and space, especially if either the receiver or object is moving. In addition to the results mentioned, one of the key contributions of this research is that it shows that a greater attention has to be paid to moving objects in the channel irrespective of their positions relative to the transmitter to receiver path. The sounder used employs technology which allows measurement speeds that have, up until now, not been possible over large bandwidths. Together with SVDP algorithm developed, they present an opportunity for more detailed study to be carried out. This research has also laid the foundation for this to be carried out.

As propostas de reurbanização de áreas desindustrializadas através do fomento à implantação de atividades da chamada economia criativa destacam-se atualmente nas discussões sobre planejamento urbano e políticas públicas. Aos setores econômicos criativos, passou a ser atribuída a capacidade de atuação enquanto vetores de desenvolvimento econômico e socioespacial, através do estabelecimento de novas espacialidades ao território. Na convergência entre a nova taxonomia da economia e as dinâmicas da produção capitalista do espaço urbano, o território reurbanizado adquire um valor que é potencializado por sentidos simbólicos a ele atribuídos, operados desde elaborações discursivas articuladas pela narratividade. Nesta direção, este estudo procurou analisar a narrativa da imprensa jornalística tendo como objetivo compreender, desde os elementos de composição das narrativas, as estratégias de comunicação que contribuem para a instauração de uma espacialidade criativa e para a conformação de novos valores e práticas sociais, assim como para a demarcação dos rumos da História. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que a prescrição da espacialidade criativa do IV Distrito de Porto Alegre|RS pode ser entendida como um mecanismo de (re)produção do espaço e de reinserção de territórios às dinâmicas do mercado de terras. A narrativa jornalística analisada tem desempenhado papel relevante ao ser operada de forma a induzir a instauração não apenas do espaço físico, mas também do espaço social, fomentando tanto seu consumo quanto sua produção.
The proposals for redevelopment of desindustrialized areas through the promotion and development of the so-called creative economy activities are currently highlighted in the discussions on urban planning and public policies. To the creative economy sectors, the capacity to act as vectors of economic and socio-spatial development has been attributed through the establishment of new spatialities in the territory. In the convergence between the new economy’s taxonomy and the dynamics of capitalist production of urban space, the redeveloped territory acquires a value that is enhanced by symbolic meanings attributed to it, operated from discursive expressions articulated by its narrativity. In this sense, this study sought to analyze the narrative of the press in order to understand, from the elements of composition of the narratives, the communication strategies that contributes to the establishment of a creative spatiality and to the conformation of new values and social practices, as well as for the demarcation for the course of history. The results of the research demonstrate that the prescription of the creative spatiality of the IV District of Porto Alegre|RS can be understood as a mechanism for (re) production of space and reinsertion of territories in the dynamics of the real state market. The analyzed press’ narrative has played a relevant role in by operation not only as to induce the instauration of the physical space, but also of the social space, fomenting both its consumption and its production.

Theses (M.S.)--Marshall University, 2006.
Title from document title page. Includes abstract. Document formatted into pages: contains vi, 47 p. including illustrations and map. Bibliography: p. 38-41.

Density is more about an experienced nearness to functions and activities than buildingsbeing physically close to each other. Density is interaction, and the intensity of itdepends on accessibility to the functions and activities of the built environment. The current planning, continuing the thoughts of the modernist, are a threat to publichealth and the environment, as sprawling settlements demand more resources forinfrastructure and time spent commuting between home and work, taking up the timeto spend with family and friends. The suburban planning principles of the Swedish housing estate unit have graduallytransformed the suburban neighbourhoods into dispersed, disconnected islands, wheresocial life is inhibited in the mere configuration of space. Legibility of the urban environment is important regarding orientation and navigation,but also to understand the underlying meanings of spaces and places. The urbanstructure should be easily read to be understandable in the choices of everyday life. How we understand the boundaries and transitions of our surrounding affects howspaces are used. Unclear territorial interfaces, like the open space landscape ofmodernist planning feels too exposed to be appropriated. If activities should take placein the outdoor environment, there must be a certain quality to the spaces that areinviting and promote interaction between people. The suburban housing estate neighbourhoods can be developed to promote thisinteraction, providing spaces where the different layers of social life can take place, fromthe private home – through mediating interfaces of front yards, indoor collective spaceand collective gardens – to the public realm of the streets, pathways and parks. The thesis studies the suburban neighbourhood Årsta in eastern Uppsala, whichshows the signs of a disperse suburban housing estate in its configuration of buildings,withdrawn from the streets, turning inward away from the public spaces. By adding built volume within the existing structure of the open yards, the boundariesbetween the public and the private spaces can be clearly defined and new activatedspaces can be created. Many fronts towards the streets and paths make people meet inevery-day life and new types of spaces can be used to set a framework for interactionbetween residents as well as outsiders. Such spaces can also work as a buffer betweenpublic life and the private dwelling, e.g. a collective garden mediates the space inbetween a pedestrian path and an inner yard.

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The research discusses the different forms of housing production as necessary mediation between the space production dynamics and characteristics of the formal real estate circuit in the valuing southeast axis of Fortaleza metropolis, taking as a case study the Sapiranga/Coità while conflict sector in the metropolis. The analysis object was studied based on the theoretical and methodological foundations of the social production of space theory. The methodology included documentary research (plant allotments and housing estates, slum mapping, urban and environmental legislation), statistics (data of IVV, ITBI, construction permits, dwell up and ARTs for residential developments), field work and interviews, gathering a database with qualitative and quantitative indicators at different spatial and temporal scales, from the definition of themes, processes and variables in the methodological matrix. This is on the assumption that there are different social logics of access to urban land and various agents of housing production that support specific forms of housing production. In the particular context of brazilian metropolises in contemporary times, the three forms of housing production are: production by the formal residential real estate circuit; production by the State; and production by informal residential real circuit. These forms of production are intertwined in reality through agendas, strategies and projects that sometimes come together and sometimes come into conflict. It defends the thesis that the formal real state expansion in conflict areas in the metropolis depends on the creation of a space production logic guided by differentiation strategies (location, product, construction, price, "concept" housing, target public etc.) and links with the State and the market to ensure the insulation in the proximity. The pair social distancing / spatial proximity supports the notion of socio-fragmentation, which approaches the idea of fractal segregation standard, fundamental concepts in this research. In the case study analyzed, the differentiation strategies were amalgamated in the constitution of the product horizontal gated community in the 1990s, making it the "brand" of the southeast sector. While urban form, the horizontal gated community contains processes and production space logical that give rise to it, generating in Sapiranga/Coità a cumulative result of intense fragmentation in response to individual choices of investment by entrepreneurs and buyers.
A pesquisa discute as diferentes formas de produÃÃo da habitaÃÃo enquanto mediaÃÃo necessÃria entre as dinÃmicas de produÃÃo do espaÃo e as especificidades do circuito imobiliÃrio formal no eixo sudeste de valorizaÃÃo da metrÃpole Fortaleza, tomando como estudo de caso o bairro Sapiranga/Coità enquanto setor de conflitos na metrÃpole. O objeto de anÃlise foi estudado com base nos fundamentos teÃrico-metodolÃgicos da teoria da produÃÃo social do espaÃo. A metodologia abrangeu pesquisas documental (plantas de loteamentos e de conjuntos habitacionais, mapeamentos de favelas, legislaÃÃo urbanÃstica e ambiental), estatÃstica (dados de IVV, ITBI, alvarÃs de construÃÃo, habite-se e ARTs referentes a empreendimentos residenciais), trabalho de campo e realizaÃÃo de entrevistas, reunindo um banco de dados com indicadores qualitativos e quantitativos, em diferentes escalas espaciais e temporais, a partir da definiÃÃo de temas, processos e variÃveis na matriz metodolÃgica da pesquisa. Parte-se do pressuposto de que hà diferentes lÃgicas sociais de acesso à terra urbana e diversos agentes da produÃÃo habitacional que sustentam formas de produÃÃo da habitaÃÃo especÃficas. No contexto particular das metrÃpoles brasileiras na contemporaneidade, as trÃs formas de produÃÃo da habitaÃÃo sÃo: produÃÃo pelo circuito imobiliÃrio residencial formal; produÃÃo pelo Estado; e produÃÃo pelo circuito imobiliÃrio residencial informal. Essas formas de produÃÃo sÃo entrelaÃadas na realidade por meio de agendas, estratÃgias e projetos que ora se aproximam ora entram em conflito. Defende-se a tese de que a expansÃo imobiliÃria formal em espaÃos de conflito na metrÃpole depende da constituiÃÃo de uma lÃgica de produÃÃo do espaÃo pautada em estratÃgias de diferenciaÃÃo (de localizaÃÃo, de produto, de construÃÃo, de preÃo, de âconceitoâ de moradia, de pÃblico-alvo etc.) e em articulaÃÃes com o Estado e com o mercado que garantam o isolamento na proximidade. O par distanciamento social/proximidade espacial sustenta a noÃÃo de fragmentaÃÃo socioespacial, que se aproxima da ideia de padrÃo fractal de segregaÃÃo, conceitos fundamentais na pesquisa. No estudo de caso trabalhado, as estratÃgias de diferenciaÃÃo se amalgamaram na elaboraÃÃo do produto condomÃnio horizontal fechado de casas na dÃcada de 1990, tornando-o âmarcaâ do setor sudeste. Enquanto forma urbana, o condomÃnio horizontal contÃm os processos e as lÃgicas de produÃÃo do espaÃo que lhe dÃo origem, tendo gerado em Sapiranga/Coità um resultado acumulado de intensa fragmentaÃÃo como resposta Ãs escolhas individuais de investimento por parte de empreendedores e compradores.

La création du groupe C40 Cities Climate Leadership (C40) en 2005 illustre bien le fait que l'échelle urbaine est dorénavant considérée comme comportant des leviers d'action importants afin d'atténuer les émissions de CO2. Il n'y a cependant toujours pas adéquation entre cette prise de conscience et le nombre d'outils de modélisation capables de quantifier cette marge de manœuvre de manière spatialement explicite et intégrée. Cette thèse vise à combler cette lacune. L'objet produit consiste en un modèle d'équilibre général spatialisé et multi-échelle, pensé de sorte à être relié à toute architecture de modélisation préexistante. Cette thèse s'articule autour de trois chapitres, i.e. la présentation du modèle, sa calibration et son application à la France et aux USA.Dans le premier chapitre, nous décrivons le modèle, baptisé GEMSE, dont l'objectif est d'étudier les interactions entre les dimensions agrégées et locales de l'activité économique tout en quantifiant les émissions de GES associées à la mobilité. Le modèle s'appuie sur l'Economie Urbaine et la Nouvelle Economie Géographique en vue de modéliser sur plusieurs échelles spatiales le développement économique de régions urbanisées en interaction.Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous décrivons les données et calibrons le modèle en utilisant, pour certains paramètres, des techniques d'économétrie spatiale. Nous proposons notamment une méthode pour spécifier la matrice de poids spatial, laquelle méthode est opérationnalisée en utilisant un outil numérique développé à ces fins, PyOKNN, indépendant de GEMSE. Appliqué au Grand Paris, l'outil identifie de façon tangible des éléments clés de sa structure spatiale, et génère pour les paramètres étudiés des valeurs similaires à celles de la littérature.Dans le troisième chapitre, nous appliquons le modèle à la France et aux Etats-Unis. Nous y analysons le scénario de référence, puis les impacts de deux politiques de transport. La première mesure – la baisse des limitation de vitesse des véhicules privés – stimule l'activité économique de manière pro-environnementale en réduisant le PIB dans un premier temps, mais en lui permettant ensuite d'atteindre des niveaux plus élevés, aboutissant à un jeu à somme positive. L'autre mesure simule la mise en place d'une taxe CO2 pour les véhicules privés dont les recettes servent à financer l'augmentation des vitesses des transports publics. Il en résulte qu'un prix de 100€ par tonne de CO2eq n'a qu'un faible effet incitatif car ne représente presque rien par kilomètre-voyageur. Ces deux mesures, le changement de norme ou le recyclage de la taxe, poussent à l'utilisation de modes de transport moins couteux et moins polluants qui stimule une croissance à plus faible intensité carbone.Dans l'ensemble, ces conclusions plaident en faveur de politiques qui internalisent les effets distorsifs, e.g. les changements dans les habitudes de mobilité, la réorientation des demandes, les déséquilibres du marché du travail via les délocalisations des personnes et des changements induits en matière d'économies d'échelle externes. Les résultats ne sont dans leur ampleur que peu généralisables dans l'espace et montrent la nécessité de considérer les spécificités locales et le cadre dans lequel elles s'insèrent en terme d'interactions
The creation of the C40 Cities Climate Leadership group (C40) in 2005 is a noteworthy example that the urban scale is considered as a major leeway to mitigate CO2 emissions. Nevertheless, the adequacy between this recent awareness and the number of modeling tools capable of quantifying this leeway in a spatially explicit integrated way is still missing. This thesis aims at bridging this gap. The outcome consists of a model that incorporates general equilibrium theory with an explicit representation of space at multiple scales. The model is designed as an autonomous numerical entity connectable to any pre-existing modeling architecture. This thesis hinges around three chapters, i.e. the presentation of the model, the calibration of the model and its application to France and the USA.In the first chapter, we describe our so-called GEMSE model whose aim is to investigate the interplays between aggregate and local dimensions of economic activity while quantifying GHG emissions associated to mobility. The model is based on Urban Economics and the New Economic Geography to model on multiple spatial scales the economic development of urban areas in interaction.In the second chapter, we describe the data and calibrate the model by using, for some parameters, spatial econometric techniques. Notably, we propose a new method to specify the spatial weight matrix, operationalized by using a numerical tool developed on purpose, namely PyOKNN, independent of GEMSE. Applied to Greater Paris, the tool identifies in a tangible way some key elements of its spatial structure, and yields values for the parameters under study that are similar to those of the literature.In the third chapter, we run simulations of our model for both France and the USA. We analyze the baseline case and the impacts of two transport policies on several relevant dimensions for the long-term development of urban areas. The first measure – the decrease in private vehicle speed limitation – stimulates economic activity in a pro-environmental fashion by contracting GDP in a first phase but then allowing it to reach higher levels, resulting in a positive sum game. The second measure is the implementation of a CO2 tax to private vehicles whose collected revenues are used to finance an increase in public transport speeds. The main policy insight is that setting a price of 100€ per tonne of CO2eq represents virtually nothing once converted per commuter-kilometer and deters only marginally the use of cars. These two measures, the change in speed limitation or the recycling of the tax, encourage the use of cheaper and less polluting modes of transport, which induces a low-carbon growth.Overall, these conclusions call for policy designs that internalize distortive effects, e.g. changes in mobility habits, the reorientation of demands, unbalances in labor markets via people’s relocations and firms’ improvements in terms of economies of scale. The results can rarely be generalized in terms of magnitude from one region to another, which shows the necessity to consider local specificities as well as the framework within which they interact

L'agglomération de Tripoli Al-Fayhā’a (Liban) est riche d'une histoire complexe et mouvementée. Depuis un siècle, sa société doit faire face à de profondes mutations aux causes et conséquences multiples, mais essentiellement liées à la reconfiguration de ses structures économiques engendrée par son incorporation dans le Liban moderne. Ancienne cité commerciale rayonnante à vocation régionale et internationale, Tripoli a perdu de son dynamisme économique. Elle ne produit plus suffisamment de richesses pour assurer à sa population une continuité de sa prospérité passée. Elle est devenue le lieu de combats physiques, économiques et symboliques dans lequel ses habitants luttent quotidiennement pour assurer leur subsistance. Postulant l'établissement d'une économie désormais principalement fondée sur des logiques de rente foncière et immobilière et de spéculation, notre thèse se propose d'analyser les raisons et la véritable teneur de ce mode de production urbaine particulier, ainsi que ses mécanismes et effets, sous l'angle de l'étude, dans la durée, des spatialités relatives à trois projets urbains : l'aménagement du littoral, la réalisation d'une opération de remembrement à finalité immobilière de jardins périurbains et le réaménagement et la mise en valeur de la médina. L'analyse des systèmes d'actions caractérisant ces trois situations ‒ appréhendées dans leurs dynamiques spatiales, historiques et sociopolitiques ainsi qu’aux échelles locale, régionale, nationale et internationale ‒, invite à questionner le sens des urbanités et de l'éventuelle citadinité en jeu à Tripoli et, au-delà, la nature fondamentale du pouvoir qui s'y exerce. Elle nous conduit alors à nous interroger sur la formation et l'existence, ainsi que P. Bourdieu la désignerait, d'une illusio immobilière, produit et productrice d'un puissant « affect commun » joyeux, laquelle serait parvenue ‒ en suivant la proposition de B. Spinoza ‒ à un état d'imperium aux conséquences humaines et gouvernementales insoutenables
The Tripoli Al-Fayha’ a (Lebanon) urban area has a complex and eventful history. For a century its society has been facing transformative changes with a multitude of sources and consequences essentially linked to the reconfiguration of its economic structures born of its incorporation into modern Lebanon. Once an ancient and influential commercial city with regional and international reach, Tripoli has lost much of its economic vitality. It no longer creates sufficient wealth to provide its population with the continuation of past prosperity. It has become a place of physical, economic and symbolic battles in which its inhabitants struggle daily to ensure their livelihood. Postulating the establishment of an economy now principally based on a system of land and real-estate rent and of speculation, our thesis is proposing to analyse the reasons and true tenor of this particular process of production of urban space, as well as its mechanisms and effects, as a study, over time, of the spatialities linked to three urban projects: coastal planning, the realization of a real-estate driven land reparcelling of suburban orchards, and the redevelopment and enhancement of the Medina. The analysis of the sets of actions specific to these three situations – taken in their spatial, historical, and sociopolitical dynamics as well as on a local, regional, national, and international scale – invites one to question the meaning of urbanities and of a possible citadinity at play in Tripoli and, beyond this, to question the fundamental nature of the power exercised there. This analysis leads us then to ponder on the formation and existence of, as P. Bourdieu would designate it, a real-estate illusio, produced from and producing a powerful pleasurable “common affect”, which has reached – following B. Spinoza’s proposition – a state of imperium with unsustainable human and governmental consequences

Cette thèse tente de comprendre le régime d'occupation de l'espace public, en s'intéressant à la place des militaires du plan Vigipirate et de l'opération Sentinelle. En partant du postulat que les militaires en patrouille dans l’espace public urbain sont allogènes à l’environnement socio-spatial dans lequel ils interviennent, l’on suggère que les citadins entretiennent avec eux un rapport particulier qui serait révélateur de leur manière d'être et de faire avec les autres par l'espace. Ce rapport entre citadins et militaires se concrétise individuellement par des spatialités (mises à proximité ou à distance, physiques ou symboliques) et collectivement par des jeux de places et de placements c'est-à-dire des logiques d'assignation/désignation ou d'auto-assignation/auto-désignation à être ou non à tel endroit selon une position sociale, des normes spatiales et un emplacement. Cette tension interne de légitimation entre ce "qui est" et "ce qui devrait être" exprime justement ce régime d'occupation de l'espace. Plus encore, parce que les situations d'interactions ou de coprésences perçues/vécues entre citadins et militaires ne sont jamais homogènes et unilatérales, ces jeux de places ne peuvent être considérés comme ayant lieu dans une seule dimension. L'approche défendue ici sera de tenter d'épuiser ces mécanismes de places et de placement en approchant différentes perspectives depuis lesquelles ces places sont appréhendées par les acteurs : en tant que militaire en opération, en tant que réserviste dans l'Armée de terre, en tant que citadin. On espère pouvoir ainsi montrer que, multidimensionnelles et constamment réactualisées, les places occupées ainsi que les rôles tenus donnent à comprendre un espace performatif toujours en tension
Through the observation of the position/place of Vigipirate plan and Sentinelle operation’s soldiers in the streets of France, this thesis attempts to understand the occupation regime of public space. Starting from the assumption that soldiers patrolling in the urban public space are allogenous with the socio-spatial environment in which they intervene, we suggest that city-dwellers maintain with them a specific relation which could reveal their own way of being and doing with others through space. Individual spatialities (to put near or at a distance, physically or symbolically) and collectives games of places and placements both materialized this relationship between city-dwellers and the military. Those games of places and placements respond to logics of assignment/designation or self-assignment/self-designation to be or not in a given spot according to social position, spatial norms and emplacement. The personal lived tension of legitimation between the "what is" and "what should be" precisely expresses this regime of occupation of space. Moreover, the situations of interactions and perceived/lived co-presences between city-dwellers and the military are never identical and regular, therefore these games of place cannot be considered as occurring in a single dimension. The approach defended here will try to exhaust these mechanisms of places and placement by approaching different perspectives from which these places are apprehended by the actors : soldiers in operation, reservists in the Army, city-dwellers. We intend to show that the occupied places and the held roles are not only multidimensional and constantly updated but are also to be understood as performative space always in tension

The advent of Social Networking Systems (SNS) has introduced new possibilities for planners to refine and extend conventional engagement and data-gathering techniques by leveraging user-contributed, spatially-referenced content freely available online. This study examines the use of SNS content as community input, complementing input gathered through traditional participatory processes such as workshops, public comment hearings, and charrettes. Four case studies of recent community planning projects in the United States are analyzed, comparing the data gathered from traditional participatory processes with available SNS content related to each project study area, to determine to what extent the inclusion of SNS data would improve the overall data- gathering efforts of these projects. Three significant findings emerge from this analysis: (i) that SNS data analysis can positively complement data gathered from traditional participatory processes, (ii) that although SNS data analysis can provide useful data to planners, it is not a direct replacement for conventional engagement techniques, and (iii) that SNS data analysis is most effective for projects in neighborhoods with a well- defined identity. The study also examines the characteristics of effective SNS data analysis integration and discusses broader implications for planning practitioners and additional research needed.

Theatre has always been played a irreplaceable role in people’s lives, even nowadays where people have multiple choices for entertainment. Some theater architecture has also become the symbol of the city, such as Paris Opéra and Sydney Opera House. By taking a close look at various case studies, one will understand how the theatre architecture corresponds with their city representing its history, culture and visions for the future. The development of my thesis is based on the integration of the ‘space’ of storytelling and the space of design. Will the quality of space bring out the memories that have been stored with in it? How the space provide with most flexibility for its users? Explorations in acoustic and lighting design as well as the spectators’ experience in the space will be discussed. My attention is to create a design that will heighten perception and arouse the audience’s sensory experience even before the start of the show. The relationship between nature and the architecture is also one of my attentions. Questions arise such as how to use a multidisciplinary approach to investigate the intersection of architecture and landscape. Should the architecture become a new definition towards the context or an expression that abstract from the landscape？ This thesis explores the relationship between the performer and audience, and how the architecture space can contribute to the theater experience. The design for this project offers one solution for the whole site serving as a place for performing arts as well as a public space and a destination for the city of Boston.

碩士
國立臺灣大學
建築與城鄉研究所
100
Yangon was Myanmar''s former capital and largest city until now. But the socialist rule has lead to its various internal turbulences, including the ethnic conflics and economic isolation from international society. After the 1990s the military regime of Myanmar gradually adopted the Open Door Policy, however, due to the overtime economic sanctions by Europe and the United States, Yangon still faces difficulties towards economic globalization. Recently, with the advent of democratic government, a new opportunity for Yangon is emerging despite of certain challenges for urban governance. Based on the theoretical perspectives of globalization and the re-scaling of national spatiality, this study aims to explore issues as following. First, what are the transformative roles of Yangon city in contemporary Myanmar? Second, how has the Myanmar government implemented Open Door Policy for deepening regional integration? Moreover, through the relocation of the capital city, how has the new Special Economic Zone been establishing the new layout of the internal space under the limitation due to the overtime economic sanctions from Europe and the United States? Third, how Yangon has expereiced the fractured urbanization, weakened industrialization, and recently, the transformation and restructuring of the economic space?

博士
國立臺北大學
都市計劃研究所
92
The discipline of urban planning used to proceed the physical planning and to analyse the political-economic power of modern society with the approaches of empiricism, positivist, structuralist and new Marxism. On the contrary, the humanistic approach was seldom used to exploring the inner spatiality of the formation of place. This research applies the historical interpretation method based on the thoughts of Existential Space of Humaniretstic Geography to interp the placeness and the transformation of spatiality in Hsi-Lo place. Then, this research reflects on the context, meaning and changes of modernization and the thoughts of urban planning based on the analysis of spatiality from the tradition of Babuza culture, Han culture to modernization in Hsi-Lo Place. This process just shows the change of culture system from inner power of society to the political-economic power of state. Finally, this research points that to form the civil ideology, to construct the common perception of social risk, and to build the civil society through the democratic planning will be the positive being for modern planning.

碩士
東海大學
建築學系
106
Abstract Metropolitan Taichung is the regional social, economic, industry core and a premier urban region of middle Taiwan. Since the early 20th century, the city of Taichung has been expanding rapidly in terms of constant reconfiguring its physical and ecological elements. However, Taichung's development process is repeatedly following other fast developing modern cities in the expanse of exploiting built-environmental resources over its resilient physical structure such as, changing waters’ ways, soil and land cover in order to satisfy human expansion needs in the past 100 years. It is resulting in unbalanced ecological condition and poses sustainable threat over urban environmental issues for a liveable Taichung. This thesis aims to provide a multi-facet morphological knowledge useful for future applications on urban design cum environmental performance in Taichung by augmenting conventional study of urban form with concentrated river-based form growth historical framework, ecosystem services and biophilic design principles induced that contextualize the delimitation scope of the study. The thesis formulates a new theoretical framework through which embedded synchronic and diachronic aspects of historical factors and nature-built environmental regeneration principles, that had shaped the urban form can be organized and typo-morphologically revealed in representation. Between the 1890s and the 1900s, Qing Empire and Japanese colonization both had constructed its own planning orders and similarly taking natural elements as their initial reference for morphing city’s spatial structure. Analyzing that structural characteristic, the study inferred based on syncretic urban morphological matrix which induced city’s morphogenesis aspect of structure (developmental configuratio By superimposition and juxtaposition upon current physical developmental patterns through series of mapping techniques, the study suggested a morphological growth pattern, deviates to be resilient. The study also suggests that contemporary Taichung’s built-and natural environmental issues was affected due to the past planning of the “park and boulevard schemes” (also known as the “blue-green path” (綠園道)), which combines waterways, rivers, railroads, railways yards, drainage channels and planned green areas for the introduction of modern urban public area. Such planning ideology was influenced by the 1890s City Beautiful Movement and adopted by the 1910s Japanese urban planning law in land use. This ideology and its shaped morphology is argued, had set a precedent and been followed by an in-depth examination of Japanese colonial Taichung that directly influences the city’s modern development origin in urban form since the 1890s until the present. The morphological study has found that the city's environmental performance in terms of water-based spatial structure was weakened by the ways which urbanized river design and development process of "blue-green path" especially during the city expansion from 1935 to 1956 were morphologically evident for the cause. It resulting from massive changes to urban waters, soil, ecological performance, and emerged that unbalance nature-spatial form relation in urban environment for better living. The study suggested that the blue-green path is detrimental to biological vibes due to disruptive design and development occurred in the past and continue unto urban river system, land form, and intensive building plans. This morphological study shows that urban form pattern changes which align to certain development-centered movement towards blocking diversity, diminishing connectivity for diverse and healthier ecological base, even until today. Therefore, developmental effort of resilient urban form is to re-design a regenerative spatial cum natural structure of the blue-green path, which is deemed crucial for providing environmental performance and ecological services. The study also suggested that urban form in Taichung which can be read and classified under three steps of critical morphogenesis changes: firstly, development phases based on spatial reconfiguration set upon nature elements; secondly, adaptive and alterations to the city’s spatial structural elements for human needs; third underlying reasons on morphological determinant is set in the phases while city form underwent improvement introducing new urban structure affected by and also effecting the city’s environmental performance based on past configurational spatial coordinates and datum references. This study further investigate city’s theoretical framework on regenerative urban design which incorporates historical, contemporary ecosystem performance and some biophilic planning principles before deriving a morphology based urban design framework. In conclusion, an environmentally sustainable Taichung in terms of designing a regenerative urban form is to make an attempt to reshape the “blue-green path” through reviving and enliven city’s waters, soils surrounding them creating cycle system and strong ecology performance in urban form design and development. A regenerative urban form is for creating environmental conditions conducive for life and hence resiliently also more liveable. Keywords: Taichung, urban morphology, urban ecology, ecosystem service, urban waters.

O estudo do espaço público está vinculado a uma grande variedade e complexidade de definições e categorizações. Historicamente, a partir das problemáticas associadas ao desempenho destes espaços, têm resultado múltiplas práticas de observação e análise espacial e social - tendo este último aspecto, no domínio do planejamento urbano, um foco reduzido até o séc.XX - meados da década de 60. Após o movimento moderno, consolidou-se o espaço público conceptualmente e, com isso, o debate do aspecto da vida pública. Este trabalho teve como meios principais a análise multidisciplinar da vida pública e da espacialidade urbana, através da utilização de técnicas vinculadas à observação e vivência do espaço. Lisboa é caracterizada por seus grandes declives e bairros milenares. A presença de estruturas que facilitam as deslocações, como as escadas, ascensores e elevadores, são recorrentes. As Escadinhas da Saúde e suas envolventes são reconhecidas como um espaço público de deslocação entre os maiores pontos turísticos e de confluência social no centro de Lisboa e foram alvo de estudo neste trabalho. Algumas técnicas de observação e análise do espaço público foram aplicadas nas Escadinhas da Saúde, a partir de mapeamentos, contagens, diário de campo e registros fotográficos. Além destas aplicações, a intervenção temporária - inserção de bancos nos degraus - veio a somar resultados referentes acerca da vida pública. A utilização destas técnicas e a elaboração de dados em campo integraram questões tangíveis e intangíveis sobre o espaço, possibilitando concluir que as Escadinhas da Saúde e suas espacialidades geram também espaços de permanência, contemplação, encontros e interação entre estranhos. As Escadinhas da Saúde compreendem também uma identidade enquanto “Fourth Place” - instrumento interativo, que desperta a troca e a interação social.
The study of public space is linked to a great variety and complexity of definitions and categorizations. Historically, from the problems associated with the public space, multiple practices of observation and analysis of these spaces have resulted. In the domain of urban planning, the investigation of the aspect of public life had a reduced focus until the 20th century - until the mid-1960s. After the modern movement, the public space was conceptually consolidated and, with it, the debate on the aspect of public life. This work had as its main means the multidisciplinary analysis of public life and urban spatiality, through the use of techniques linked to the observation and experience of space. Lisbon is characterized by its steep slopes and millenary neighborhoods. The presence of structures that facilitate movement, such as stairs, elevators and elevators, are recurrent. The Escadinhas da Saúde and its surroundings are recognized as a public space for traveling between the biggest tourist spots and social confluence in the center of Lisbon and were the subject of study in this work. Some techniques of observation and analysis of the public space were applied in Escadinhas da Saúde, based on mappings, counts, field diaries and photographic records. In addition to these applications, the temporary intervention - insertion of benches on the steps - came to add results concerning public life. The use of these techniques and the preparation of data in the field integrated tangible and intangible questions about the space, making it possible to conclude that the Escadinhas da Saúde and its spatialities also generate spaces for permanence, contemplation, encounters and interaction between strangers. The Escadinhas da Saúde also comprises an identity as a “Fourth Place” - an interactive instrument that awakens exchange and social interaction.

La revitalisation urbaine est une politique publique qui vise principalement les quartiers les plus défavorisés en s’attaquant en priorité à la pauvreté locale, à l’exclusion sociale et au cadre bâti dégradé. L’objectif de cette politique est de faire en sorte que les quartiers visés puissent jouir d’un environnement sain et moins contrasté avec le reste de l’agglomération. Ce type d’intervention connait un succès varié, car il existe une grande variété de programmes de revitalisation urbaine, dont celle que nous allons traiter dans ce mémoire. La revitalisation urbaine intégrée est un programme de lutte contre la pauvreté territorialisée, d’initiative locale, qui s’attaque aux îlots de pauvreté sur l’île de Montréal. Ce programme dispose de plusieurs démarches à Montréal, toutes fonctionnant sur le même modèle décentralisé de participation citoyenne, de concertation, et d’autonomie, dans le but de lutter contre la pauvreté et l’exclusion grâce à des initiatives locales. Ce mémoire propose d’interroger la contribution du programme RUI à la revitalisation urbaine dans le cadre de la démarche développée dans le quartier d’Hochelaga-Maisonneuve. L’intérêt de cette recherche est multiple, 1) la transformation d’un espace soumis à une spatialité avec laquelle il ne partage pas les mêmes valeurs 2) le risque que le programme RUI participe au développement de la gentrification malgré lui, 3) le rôle de la participation citoyenne dans l’exercice de concertation 4) la contribution du programme RUI à la revitalisation d’Hochelaga. L’analyse de la démarche RUI d’Hochelaga porte principalement sur les entrevues semi-directives recueillies auprès des membres du comité local de revitalisation et d’habitants du quartier. Leurs discours révèlent un manque de consensus dû à la diversité des acteurs, des lacunes dans l’exercice de la participation citoyenne, et un financement très limité. Certains regrettent même un manque d’actions concrètes contre la pauvreté. Mais dans l’ensemble, l’initiative est saluée par tous, car à défaut de lutter contre la dimension économique de la pauvreté, elle permet d’améliorer la qualité de vie et d’accroitre la capacité d’agir des habitants.
Urban revitalization is a public policy which focuses on poor neighborhood and fights local poverty, social exclusion and degraded environments. The goal of this policy is to put the poor neighboorhoods on the same scale as the rest of the agglomeration. This type of intervention has varying degrees of success because there are a wide range of urban revitalization programs, including the one we will be talking about in this thesis. Integrated Urban Revitalization (RUI) is a program fighting territorial poverty which targets impoverished areas on the island of Montreal. This program has taken several actions throughout Montreal, and each of them operate on the same decentralized model of citizen participation, concertation and autonomy in order to fight poverty and exclusion via local initiatives. This dissertation proposes a questioning of RUI’s contribution on urban revitalization within the framework of procedures developed in the Hochelaga- Maisonneuve neighborhood of Montreal. There are many areas of interest in this study, specifically (1) the contrast between the transformation of this space and the extant values in the area, (2) the risks posed by the RUI program and its participation in the development of a gentrification program in spite of its original goals, (3) the role of the citizen participation in consultation, and (4) The contribution of the RUI program on urban revitalization in Hochelaga-Maisonneuve. The analysis of the RUI program is mainly based on interviews collected with members of a local revitalization committee and citizens of the neighborhood. Their discourses reveal a lack of consensus ascribed to the wide variety of actors, gaps in the process of participation and limited funding. Some citizens resent the lack of concrete actions taken against poverty. Overall, the initiative is praised by all participants, because while fighting economic dimensions of poverty, it allows for the improvement of living conditions and the ability to take action.