Relevant bibliographies by topics / Urban Sociology and Community Studies

Academic literature on the topic 'Urban Sociology and Community Studies'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 19 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Urban Sociology and Community Studies"

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Okuda, Michihiro. "The Urban Sociology and Community Studies in Postwar Japan." Japanese Sociological Review 38, no. 2 (1987): 181–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4057/jsr.38.181.

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Gans, Herbert J. "Some Problems of and Futures for Urban Sociology: Toward a Sociology of Settlements." City & Community 8, no. 3 (September 2009): 211–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2009.01286.x.

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Forty years ago, Manuel Castells asked whether urban sociology had a subject matter and whether the term urban still had meaning—and this article reopens these and related questions. It also wonders why today's American urban sociology has concentrated on cities, especially big ones, concurrently virtually ignoring the three other types of communities—suburbs, towns, and rural areas—in which a majority of Americans live and work. Further, it argues that this four–community typology is logically dubious and empirically obsolete. If the field were redefined as a sociology of settlements, analytically more logical and substantively more relevant typologies could be developed. Another politically and organizationally more realistic alternative would split the field into four: a sociology of the city and one concentrating on other settlements, with a third field devoted to community studies, and the fourth to spatial sociology.
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Hanson, Paul R. "Urban Community, Urban Culture, Urban Revolution." Journal of Urban History 16, no. 1 (November 1989): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009614428901600105.

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Schneider, John C. "Urban Growth, Community Change." Journal of Urban History 15, no. 1 (November 1988): 87–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009614428801500105.

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Flanagan, Maureen A. "The Disorderly Urban Community." Journal of Urban History 25, no. 5 (July 1999): 725–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009614429902500505.

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Mohd Firdaus, Rohana, Mohd Hisyam Rasidi, and Ismail Said. "The Understanding of River and Community Resilience Studies in Perspective of Landscape Architecture." Jurnal Arsitektur dan Perencanaan (JUARA) 4, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 72–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31101/juara.v4i1.1759.

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River is part of community livelihood whereby its resilience protects it. However, river issues are still discussed, indicating opportunity and room for improvement. The social lens as perspective is also still lacking. Thereby, community resilience is adopted as approach looking at river. Hence, this paper explored the river and community resilience studies from social aspect. 129 articles based on online database were gathered, sieved and analysed. It was found that river and community resilience shares fields of fluvial geomorphology, sociology, ecology, urban planning and disaster risk. These fields have impacts in people-place relationship throughout humanity. Therefore, the community is responsible upon river and key to resilience.River is part of community livelihood whereby its resilience protects it. However, river issues are still discussed, indicating opportunity and room for improvement. The social lens as perspective is also still lacking. Thereby, community resilience is adopted as approach looking at river. Hence, this paper explored the river and community resilience studies from social aspect. 129 articles based on online database were gathered, sieved and analysed. It was found that river and community resilience shares fields of fluvial geomorphology, sociology, ecology, urban planning and disaster risk. These fields have impacts in people-place relationship throughout humanity. Therefore, the community is responsible upon river and key to resilience.
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Henig, Jeffrey R., and Paul R. Dommel. "Decentralizing Urban Policy: Case Studies in Community Development." Public Administration Review 46, no. 6 (November 1986): 676. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/976239.

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Borer, Michael Ian. "The Location of Culture: The Urban Culturalist Perspective." City & Community 5, no. 2 (June 2006): 173–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2006.00168.x.

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The majority of research in urban sociology tends to favor the study of urbanization, the development and growth of cities, over urbanism, the way of life in cities. Here, I identify a strand of urban sociology that explicitly focuses on the latter and introduce a theoretical framework for investigating culturally significant urban places. The urban culturalist perspective consists of six domains of research:1) images and representations of the city; 2) urban community and civic culture; 3) place‐based myths, narratives, and collective memories; 4) sentiment and meaning of and for places; 5) urban identities and lifestyles; and 6) interaction places and practices. These distinct but related domains collectively provide a framework for addressing culture‐place relationships in cities by offering a clear window into the ways that pepole use places as part of their cultural repertoires and how those repertoires can affect a city's social and physical environment.
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Lui, Mary Ting Yi. "Examining New Trends In Chinese American Urban Community Studies." Journal of Urban History 29, no. 2 (January 2003): 173–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144202238873.

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Capraro, James F. "Community Organizing + Community Development = Community Transformation." Journal of Urban Affairs 26, no. 2 (June 2004): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0735-2166.2004.00193.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urban Sociology and Community Studies"

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Molholt, Stephanie Anne Leu 1972. "A place to call home: Examining the role of American Indian community centers in urban settings." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291416.

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Assimilation has long been the driving force behind the federal government's policies relating to American Indians. The termination and relocation policies of the 1950s and 1960s exemplify government actions in this area. As a direct result of these two policies there was an influx of American Indians into urban areas. Abandoned by the federal government and facing competition from other minority groups for state services, American Indians began to develop their own service organizations. Urban Indian community centers, many pan-Indian by necessity due to the numerous tribes present in each urban community, were some of the first organizations created. These organizations provided services, support, and a cultural haven. This thesis reviews the history of these policies and their impact on American Indians and concludes with an analysis of research done at the American Indian Community House, New York City, which examines the contemporary role of community centers in urban areas.
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Bishop, Madison. "Taking Up Space: Community Formation Among Non-Urban LGBTQ Youth." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1431882184.

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Schermond, Daniel T. "In the Margins or the Mainstream? Gay and Lesbian Narratives About Urban Space, Place, and Community in Everyday Life." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/307849.

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Sociology
Ph.D.
In this dissertation, I analyze narratives about how gays and lesbians think about urban space and communities in relation to their sexual identities. My research addresses discussions about assimilation and acceptance of gays and lesbians into U.S. culture and the residential departure of LGBTQ communities from enclaves characterize by the late 20th century. I also consider the extent to which gay and lesbian adults have move beyond experiences of living in the "closet." Have gays and lesbians entered the urban mainstream, or are they still relegated to the margins? To answer this, I asked three other main questions. First, I asked if sexual identity was still considered to be an important part of decision making processes for those who identified as gay and lesbian, and if so how this influenced choices about urban space use. Second, under the hypothesis that sexual identity was still a factor in decision making regarding urban space, I asked if there were any differences for gays and lesbians with various intersectional identities. Given that we know other factors like gender, race, class, and family can influence these choices for most people, I wanted to determine if such factors played a role in these experiences. Third, and specific to the site of my research, I asked what places in Philadelphia held meaning for gays and lesbians with regard to their sexual identities and sense of community. I identified two main narrative themes that described how gay and lesbian people thought about and made decisions about occupying different places in Philadelphia. The first I refer to as the "assimilation narrative," which represents cultural acceptance and residential integration into mixed populations. The second narrative is what I refer to as the "marketplace narrative," which is based on the idea of maximizing the chances of finding compatible partners in the city, as well as the social ties and resources that come with participation in these social markets. I found that my participants employed both types of narratives, but assimilation narratives were much more common when talking about residential decisions, while marketplace narratives were dominant in a discussion of a symbolic and ambient LGBTQ community. The process of finding and participating in a sexual marketplace was facilitated by the prominent, visible Gayborhood district in the city. This was described as a place that was symbolically linked with the ambient LGBTQ community, and participants could typically rely on these to represent them and to provide opportunities to find marketplaces regardless of where they lived. Those with multiple marginalized identities, especially women and people of color, more often felt unable to rely on the Gayborhood to facilitate this process. These participants described difficulty feeling as if they belonged in many of the places there, which they often viewed as more representative of white, gay men. People in these groups frequently put more work into the process of finding or creating marketplaces for themselves. Assimilation narratives were much more common when discussing residential choices, since participants could often rely at least partially on the ambient community and visibility of the Gayborhood for marketplaces. Residential choices involved sexuality-related considerations, though narratives about this process were typically described as a way of avoiding unfriendly neighborhoods and minimizing safety risks rather than choosing to live in proximity to other gays and lesbians. Participants referenced 11 neighborhood areas as those most friendly or comfortable for gays and lesbians, and most of them lived among these areas. Those who did not live in these neighborhoods discussed the additional work they did to manage their identities and marketplace ties in relation to the other factors that outweighed sexuality. Assimilation narratives were less relevant when discussing living places like unfriendly neighborhoods and workplaces, and narratives about being in or out of the closet sometimes resurfaced there. Some groups were also described as uninterested in assimilation, and some participants struggled with balancing radical politics and the benefits of assimilating. My findings in this research are based on the qualitative analysis of 54 semi-structured interviews with adults identifying primarily as gay, lesbian, queer, and who identify themselves as being primarily interested in same-sex relationships. This group represented whites and people of color evenly, slightly more women than men, and people across a range of ages from 18 to 58 years. People with and without children were both represented in the sample. I also conducted a brief ethnography of the 11 neighborhoods most often associated with the dominant narrative themes. I present descriptive data profiles on these neighborhoods drawing on data from the 2010 U.S. Census and 2008-2012 American Community Survey estimates. In Chapter 1, I provide an introduction to this topic and my specific research questions and findings, as well as an overview of the theoretical framework and methods I used. In Chapter 2, I provide a historical perspective on gay, lesbian, and LGBTQ communities and neighborhoods both generally and in Philadelphia. In Chapter 3, I discuss the "Gayborhood," a downtown district that visibly and symbolically represented the LGBTQ community in this city. In Chapter 4, I explore how those with intersecting marginalized identities often failed to experience an inclusive marketplace in these supposedly shared spaces. I also discuss work these groups sometimes did to gain access to spaces that they could utilize to create a sense of place, shifting between assimilation and marketplace narratives. In Chapter 5, I discuss participants' choices to live in neighborhoods other than the Gayborhood, and how assimilation narratives involved identity management work in negotiating factors like family, economics, and safety in relation to sexual identity in these neighborhoods. In Chapter 6, I talk about how gays and lesbians drew upon social networks and technology when finding gay, lesbian, and queer places both in Philadelphia and when traveling. In Chapter 7, my concluding chapter, I address the limitations of this particular research, the possibilities for future research based on the findings of this work, and implications for both LGBTQ communities and individuals in thinking about who among us is being left in the margins of society while others among us find our paths into the mainstream.
Temple University--Theses
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Lunsford, Terry Logan. "Factors Influencing Community Response to Locally Undesirable Land Uses: A Case Study of Bluegrass Stockyards." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/217.

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Community development is an ongoing issue that faces communities as they develop. This is a case study where two communities where faced with an identical development proposal involving Bluegrass Stockyards. Bluegrass Stockyards a prominent livestock marketing business, located in Lexington, KY needed to relocate its facility and looked at communities in Lincoln and Woodford County Kentucky as possible new locations. By looking at the case of Bluegrass Stockyards this study is able to use Conflict Theory, Growth Theory and Frame Analysis to look at the development process and issues that was associated with this development proposal. With the two communities being faced with the same proposal, and the proposals having different outcomes, the study is able to gain a better understanding of how development occurs within these two rural communities. This study provides information to both developers and community development professionals on what issues will need to be addressed with a livestock marketing center relocation and how the different issues should be addressed in order to make the process more efficient and beneficial to the involved communities.
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李佳足 and Kai-chuk Bonnie Lee. "Social capital and sustainable community development: a case study of North Point." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43894987.

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Tarrodi, Emma. "Social slutenhet i öppna landskap : En studie om fysiska och sociala gränsdragningar i det urbana." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-14996.

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I en tid där allt fler människor bosätter sig i städer har syftet med denna studie varit att undersöka människors gränsdragningar i det urbana och framför allt vilka gränsteknologier som omgärdar det egna bostadsområdet. För att besvara studiens frågeställningar har Charles Tillys (2004) teori om beständig ojämlikhet och Richard Sennetts (2008) teori om sökandet efter gemenskap i den moderna staden varit givande utgångspunkter. Det fall som studerats är Täby kommun norr om Stockholm och i ett vidare syfte har gränsdragningar i kommunen med hjälp av Blakely & Snyders (1997) teori om Gated Communities jämförts med inhägnade bostadsområdens fysiska murar. Genomförandet har utgjorts av kvalitativa samtalsintervjuer i kombination med en observation på plats vilket lett fram till resultatet att det finns både enande och åtskiljande faktorer som omgärdar Täby. Fysiska gränser har visat sig vara det geografiska avståndet och upplåtelseformer och socialt har viljan av att bo nära familjen visat sig vara en stark faktor till att sociala flyttmönster både skapas och upprätthålls. De boende visar en kalkylerande inställning där kommunens för- och nackdelar vägs mot varandra men trots att stadslivet i Stockholm lockar så ses Täby som det bästa alternativet. Täby är lagom och kommunen där flest möjligheter tillgodoses.
In a time when more and more people are moving to cities, the purpose of this study has been to analyze lines of demarcation in the urban landscape and to see if there are border technologies that surrounds the community. Charles Tilly's (2004) theory Durable Inequality and Richard Sennett's (2008) theory on the search for communalism in today's urban landscape have been fruitful starting-points for fulfilling the aim of this study. Täby Municipality, which is located north of Stockholm, has been the object of this study and with the theories presented by Blakely & Snyder (1997) as guidelines a further aim of this study has been to compare the lines of demarcation within Täby with physical boundaries in Gated Communities. The study has been conducted with qualitative interviews in combination with an observation, and the results of the study show that there are both unifying and excluding elements within Täby. The physical boundaries that the study has shown to be present in the municipality consist of geographical distance and forms of tenure. Furthermore, the wish to be near one's family has proven to be an important factor for social migration patterns. The analyzed statements of the residents of Täby display a calculating outlook towards their choice of residency where the benefits and downsides of the municipality are weighed against each other. However, regardless of the fact that Stockholm, with its exciting city life, is an alluring option of residency, Täby is perceived as the best alternative. Täby is the adequate option and the municipality where most opportunities are presented.
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Paredes, Orozco Guillermo Alberto. "The Role of Community Context Factors in Explaining International Migrant Flows and their Composition: Three Studies Based on the Mexico-U.S. Case." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1593624280497468.

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Foster, Brianna D. "Surviving in the Land of Opportunity: Outcomes of Post-Crisis Urban Redevelopment in the United States." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2239.

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How we develop cities in the twenty-first century remains a subject of contentious debate worldwide. As neoliberal strategies are implemented in redevelopment projects, public safety nets are reduced and low-income communities of color in declining urban neighborhoods become particularly vulnerable. This multiple case study seeks to understand the experiences of post crisis urban redevelopment for low-income communities of color in 5 major U.S. cities. The data I analyzed include 101 short videos from the interactive documentary platform Land of Opportunity, documenting the process of post-crisis urban redevelopment in New Orleans, New York, Chicago, Detroit, and San Francisco. In doing so, I discovered that residents' experiences vary greatly based on redevelopment strategy that was employed and the level of resident involvement in the redevelopment process.
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Webster, Rebecca M. "Common Boundaries| Moving Toward Coordinated and Sustainable Planning on the Oneida Reservation." Thesis, Walden University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3633862.

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Comprehensive planning can help communities engage in purposeful and sustainable land use development. Previous research has indicated that Indian reservations in the United States often face unique roadblocks to these planning efforts: checkerboard patterns of tribal and nontribal ownership, and the presence of both tribal and local governments exercising land use authority within the same shared space. These roadblocks can lead to uncooperative, uncoordinated, or unsustainable development. Despite these noted problems, there remains an important gap in the current literature regarding solutions to overcome these roadblocks. The purpose of this study was to address that gap. Guided by Forester's critical planning theory to critically examine the social and historical roots of planning within a particular community, this qualitative case study examined government records and conducted 18 interviews of tribal and local government officials. Data analysis consisted of coding data to reveal emergent themes relating to cooperative land use planning in the future. These themes included: (a) approaching planning with a regional philosophy in mind, (b) strengthening interpersonal relationships, (c) finding ways to fairly compensate each other for government services, (d) continuing to acknowledge each government's ability to govern within this shared space, and (e) refraining from asserting authority over a neighboring government. This research is an important contribution to the existing literature and enhances social change initiatives by providing guidance for tribal and local government officials to increase cooperative land use planning.

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Barn, Lynette A. "The effects of a community mural program on the reduction of graffiti." Scholarly Commons, 1997. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2301.

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Using a multiple baseline design across settings, baseline measures were taken on the amount of graffiti in three settings in the Stockton area. An intervention developed to reduce graffiti, which consisted of a community mural program, was implemented sequentially during the different phases of the study. The intervention lasted three weeks in each phase, after which 5 weeks of follow-up measures were taken to assess the durability of treatment effects. The hypothesis was that the intervention would contribute to an overall decrease in graffiti occurrences once it was implemented. Results suggested an effect in one site, but not in the other two. Problems encountered during the study and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Books on the topic "Urban Sociology and Community Studies"

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Chowdhuri, Binayendra. Mughalsarai, an ecological study of rurban sociology. Varanasi, India: Kanika Chowdhuri, 1990.

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Zhenghong, Tang, ed. Eco-city and green community: The evolution of planning theory and practice. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Australian heartlands: Making space for hope in the suburbs. Crows Nest, N.S.W: Allen & Unwin, 2006.

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Team, Ghent Urban Studies, ed. The urban condition: Space, community, and self in the contemporary metropolis. Rotterdam: 010 Publishers, 1999.

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Class and culture in urban India: Fundamentalism in a Christian community. Oxford [Oxfordshire]: Clarendon Press, 1987.

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Jouni, Häkli, and Minca Claudio, eds. Social capital and urban networks of trust. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate Pub. Company, 2008.

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Patrick, Wakely, ed. Communities and communication: Building urban partnerships. Rugby, UK: ITDG, 2005.

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Eriks, Ruskulis Otto, ed. Building bridges with the grass roots: Scaling-up through knowledge sharing. London: ITDG Publishing, 2005.

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Ethnoburb: The new ethnic community in urban America. Honolulu: University of Hawai`i Press, 2009.

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Crysdale, Stewart. Families under stress: Community, work, and economic change in Eastside, a workers' area. Toronto: Thompson Educational Pub., 1991.

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Book chapters on the topic "Urban Sociology and Community Studies"

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Patel, Sujata. "Rethinking urban studies today." In De-Centering Global Sociology, 127–43. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003054016-13.

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Groves, Zoë R. "Community, Leisure and Urban Life." In Cambridge Imperial and Post-Colonial Studies, 117–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54104-0_5.

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John and Elizabeth Newson. "Infant Care in an Urban Community." In Studies in British Society, 201–20. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003387350-8.

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Esmoris, María Florencia Blanco. "Don’t Nuisance the Relented City: Community Barriers and Urban “Keepers” in Haedo, Buenos Aires." In Literary Urban Studies, 239–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13048-9_18.

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MacTavish, Katherine Anne. "Social Issues as a Focus of Community Studies." In Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research, 511–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77416-9_31.

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Sadaque, Mohammed, and Munshi Asadur Rahma. "D. Urban Community Development: Two Case Studies." In Community Development Around the World, edited by Hubert Campfens, 349–57. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442673144-053.

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Mkwananzi, Sibusiso. "The Association Between Household and Community Single Motherhood and Adolescent Pregnancy in South Africa." In Studies in the Sociology of Population, 319–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94869-0_13.

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Li, Ning, Yaqin Ye, Jiao Pan, Yingqiang Zhong, and Qiao Hua. "Analyzing of Spatial Interactive Network Based on Urban Community Division." In Studies in Distributed Intelligence, 189–203. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45099-1_15.

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Taylor, Monica, Jennifer Fernandes, Necole Jadick, Lisa V. Kenny, Kelly Lormand, Kate Meza Fernandez, Erin Pomponio, et al. "Collectively Caring: Co-Creating a Critical Feminist Community of Teacher Educators." In Self-Studies in Urban Teacher Education, 17–36. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5430-6_2.

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De Filippi, Francesca, and Grazia Giulia Cocina. "Case Studies of Digital Participatory Platforms in Europe: An Overview." In Urban Regeneration and Community Empowerment Through ICTs, 45–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97755-9_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Urban Sociology and Community Studies"

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Pattanaik, Debashis, Jayanta Chatterjee, and Runa Sarkar. "Framing network studies - understanding the sociology of community networks." In 2008 Third International Conference on Communications and Networking in China (CHINACOM). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/chinacom.2008.4685276.

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Zunariyah, Siti, and Akhmad Ramdhon. "Urban Youth Movement: Works of Young People in Reproducing Knowledge of River- Kampong with Community." In The 2nd International Conference on Sociology Education. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007108709480952.

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Macon, Brian, Lisa Macon, and Neal Phillips. "Learning Analytics: Case Studies at a Large Urban Community College." In 2016 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csci.2016.0057.

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Shuyue, He, Wang Hao, Bo Haoyun, and Hu Shunyao. "Studies on Informational Intervention Strategies of the Urban Community Agriculture." In 2016 International Conference on Smart Grid and Electrical Automation (ICSGEA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsgea.2016.23.

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Zhang, Shu, and Qianqian Zhao. "Color Reflection of Security in Urban Community Signage System A Case of Baibuting Community." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Art Studies: Science, Experience, Education (ICASSEE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icassee-18.2018.91.

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Zainal, Anna Gustina, Toni Wijaya, Vito Frasetyat, Nadya Amalia Nasution, and Helvy Yanfika. "Community Empowerment Communication Model in Urban Agricultural Management in the City of Bandar Lampung." In 2nd International Indonesia Conference on Interdisciplinary Studies (IICIS 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211206.034.

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Krywiak, Dave, Werner Kiefer, David Arnold, and Kirstine Hull. "Two Case Studies of Trenchless Technologies in the Urban Environment." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0683.

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In 1998, EPCOR undertook an inspection program on the condition of 14 of their underground high voltage transmission lines where they crossed the riverbed of the North Saskatchewan River within the City of Edmonton. Based on the findings of this investigation, it was determined that two of the river crossings were at serious risk of mechanical damage. It was decided that they would be replaced by horizontal directional drilling (HDD) methods, at a sufficient depth into the bedrock below the river bottom to remove any risk of failure due to mechanical damage. This paper examines all phases of the work carried out from project inception to construction of the two crossings, first in the spring of 2003 and then in the dead of winter of 2004. Some of the technical considerations inherent in the design of the HDD installations included geotechnical concerns with potential drilling fluid frac-out and slope stability, as well as heat dissipation rates and operating constraints of the 72 kV oil-filled pipe type high voltage cables. This paper will focus on project constraints imposed by the existing urban (park and residential) locations, community and stakeholder concerns and the regulatory and approval requirements of three levels of government. In addition to the necessary geotechnical investigations, other investigations included addressing potential impacts on the river, vegetation, wildlife, archaeological, noise and construction concerns. An extensive public communications program was completed that included a number of open houses, delivery of construction notices to all surrounding residences, meetings with community league executives and other stakeholder groups. The paper will describe the challenges that the project team faced and how they were overcome and the amount of time and effort that went in to meeting those challenges. The paper will end with a discussion of the costs and time frames required to complete such a project.
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Schaefer, Shawn. "Community Engagement and Service-Learning Reciprocity." In Schools of Thought Conference. University of Oklahoma, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15763/11244/335074.

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As part of the University of Oklahoma’s Christopher C. Gibbs College of Architecture, the Urban Design Studio prepares graduate students from diverse backgrounds in its Master of Urban Design program to practice as urban design professionals. The studio uses a reciprocal community engagement and service-learning approach that benefits cities and residents of Oklahoma and provides students with meaningful educational experiences. Four case studies of studio projects are considered here. Each case study focuses on a different type of project, including creative urban design practice, participatory action research, community-based planning, and real-life, real-time placemaking. The studio regularly collaborates with communities on urban design studies and interventions. One such project focused on the revitalization of a three-mile stretch of Route 66 running through the heart of Tulsa. Participatory action research is represented by Tulsa Photovoice, an example of how studio faculty and students collaborate with communities to discover knowledge. Working in a more traditional framework, studio students led a community-based planning process for the downtown plan of the city of Muskogee, Oklahoma, entitled a Landscape of Hope. Finally, placemaking activities like the one for the Chapman Green illustrate how students learn by making. Each case study explains how the project was initiated, what community engagement techniques were used, and how students participated. Project outcomes are also summarized.
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Builes, Ana Elena, Leonardo Correa, and Diana Carolina Gutierrez. "Visual Analysis as a tool for Urban Intervention Comparative Studies." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5866.

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In the past few years’ urban design development has been a topic that in some of Latin America cities such as Medellin, Mexico City and Córdoba, has been evolving under the shadow no longer far from concepts as social innovation and social urbanism, a situation that generates new perspectives and concerns about the impacts that this transformations bring to the cities and its communities. The aim of the collaborative research project was to acknowledge the impacts of urban transformations on five different cities and comparing them to find similarities and differences. A comparative analysis of multiple cases was proposed, along with a methodological triangulation that contained observation, photography analysis and the production of graphics accompanied by interviews in order to arouse an approach to the perceptions of the community residing the space and their affective bonds with it. Inquiring about this process and impacts, and the inhabitants’ relation with their newly transformed space, researchers used graphic research methods that allowed collecting, evaluating and establishing comparative criteria and identifying reiterating impacts caused by urban interventions. Different graphic and visual tools such as drawings, photography and graphic reconstruction were used as a tools to identify the urban and architectural strategies through which a connection between urban space and its inhabitants in each city in order to compare with the other four cities. These tools where used in order to define a recurrent method creating an effect of distance, which increases the effect of designation and shows urban dynamics to articulate submerged realities in opposition with the images created through the visual tools, so a closer relationship between research and representation is made.
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Petrović, Slobodan. "Subject of Sociology of Law in the Legal Order of Modern Globalized Society." In 7th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.2021.243.

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The state is a social community that represents a multitude of individuals and the interactions between them. From this, we conclude that the state is a legal and a social being. Max Weber claimed that the assignment of sociology is “to understand so­cial behavior through interpretation.” Both then and today, the subject of the sociology of law is social behavior. The legal order encompasses, analyzes, and acts on the actions performed by persons as citizens or bodies of the state who interpret their behavior. The state is a social reality within the legal order because all individuals be­longing to the same state constitute a unity, i.e., one state’s population. The population is one of the three basic elements of the state. According to these same constituents, the sociology that studies the state is interested in ana­lyzing that behavior. This paper will specifically analyze human behavior oriented towards the legal order, the normative character of the state, the problem of society in a globalized world, and the impact of globalization on the legal system through the movement of individuals in legal systems and societies.
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Reports on the topic "Urban Sociology and Community Studies"

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Rao, Nitya, Sheetal Patil, Maitreyi Koduganti, Chandni Singh, Ashwin Mahalingam, Prathijna Poonacha, and Nishant Singh. Sowing Sustainable Cities: Lessons for Urban Agriculture Practices in India. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/ssc12.2022.

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Despite growing interest and recognition of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) as a nature- based solution, there is limited empirical evidence in countries like India on its role in reconfiguring goals on environmental functions (such as biodiversity, waste management, water recycling, micro-climate regulation, etc.) and social wellbeing (such as food and nutrition security, gender relations, work burdens, land tenure and community ties). A need to address this gap led to the ideation of the project ‘Urban and peri-urban agriculture as green infrastructures’ ( UPAGrI ). When UPAGrI started in 2019, the research on UPA in India was thin but growing. However, the practical experience of urban farming across Indian cities is thriving and diverse, built on decades of bottom-up experimentation. Within the landscape of our ever-changing cities, we found vibrant communities-of-practice sharing seeds and knowledge, engaged online influencers discussing composting and water reuse, and stories of farming becoming sites of multi-generational bonding and nutritional security. This compendium is a collection of 29 such innovative UPA practices from across the different cities in the country. These diverse case studies are loosely categorized into four themes: environment and sustainability; food, nutrition and livelihood; gender and subjective well-being; and urban policy and planning. Written mostly by practitioners themselves, the case studies collectively recognise and celebrate UPA innovations and practices, serving as a repository of lessons for peer-to-peer learning, and demonstrating how UPA can be one of the many solutions towards sustainable, liveable Indian cities.
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Rao, Nitya. Sowing Sustainable Cities: Lessons for Urban Agriculture Practices in India. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/ssc12.2023.

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Despite growing interest and recognition of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) as a nature- based solution, there is limited empirical evidence in countries like India on its role in reconfiguring goals on environmental functions (such as biodiversity, waste management, water recycling, micro-climate regulation, etc.) and social wellbeing (such as food and nutrition security, gender relations, work burdens, land tenure and community ties). A need to address this gap led to the ideation of the project ‘Urban and peri-urban agriculture as green infrastructures’ ( UPAGrI ). When UPAGrI started in 2019, the research on UPA in India was thin but growing. However, the practical experience of urban farming across Indian cities is thriving and diverse, built on decades of bottom-up experimentation. Within the landscape of our ever-changing cities, we found vibrant communities-of-practice sharing seeds and knowledge, engaged online influencers discussing composting and water reuse, and stories of farming becoming sites of multi-generational bonding and nutritional security. This compendium is a collection of 29 such innovative UPA practices from across the different cities in the country. These diverse case studies are loosely categorized into four themes: environment and sustainability; food, nutrition and livelihood; gender and subjective well-being; and urban policy and planning. Written mostly by practitioners themselves, the case studies collectively recognise and celebrate UPA innovations and practices, serving as a repository of lessons for peer-to-peer learning, and demonstrating how UPA can be one of the many solutions towards sustainable, liveable Indian cities.
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Clark, Louise, and Jaideep Gupte. Community Embedded Decision Support Systems: Learning Report from the Smart Data for Inclusive Cities Bhopal Pilot. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.020.

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This document presents learning from the pilot to provide Community Embedded Decision Support Systems (CEDSS) delivered by the EU-funded Smart Data for Inclusive Cities. The pilot was conducted through a partnership of the Institute of Development Studies (IDS, UK); National Institute of Urban Affairs (NIUA, India), Samarthan-Centre for Development Support (India) and GRADE (Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo; Peru), in close collaboration with authorities of the Smart Cities Mission in Bhopal and community groups in the Banganga informal settlement between May and October 2021.
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Kolb, Eugenia. Does the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) of the European Union guarantee successful citizen participation? Goethe-Universität, Institut für Humangeographie, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.51592.

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The Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) is a concept of the European Union. The non-binding guidelines formulated within this framework aim to help municipalities and cities to strategically define a local and long term transport and mobility plan. From the European Union's point of view, citizen participation plays a pivotal role during all phases – from the development of the plan until its implementation. This intends to achieve greater support and acceptance from the community for the plan, and to facilitate its implementation. This paper investigates whether the planning and political SUMP approach guarantees successful participatory processes, and what conclusions can be drawn to amend the SUMP process and general transport planning practice. It discusses how citizen participation is defined in the SUMP guidelines and how these elements are reflected in the SUMP guidelines of 2013 and 2019. In a second step, this paper shows how successful citizen participation is defined in an academic context and to what extent the SUMP reflects these findings. The findings derived from the academic context are then applied to the case studies of Ghent and Limburg in order to evaluate how successfully participation procedures were implemented in these SUMP processes. Finally, the question - what conclusions can be drawn from this to improve the SUMP process and general transport planning practice - is assessed.
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Ripoll, Santiago, Tabitha Hrynick, Ashley Ouvrier, Megan Schmidt-Sane, Federico Marco Federici, and Elizabeth Storer. 10 Ways Local Governments in Multicultural Urban Settings can Support Vaccine Equity in Pandemics. SSHAP, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.016.

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At national and aggregate levels, COVID-19 vaccination across G7 countries appears successful. To date, 79.4% of the total population of G7 countries have received a first dose, 72.9% a second, and 45.4% a booster shot (28th April 2022 data). In France, 80.6% of the total population has had a first dose, 78.2 % have had two doses, and 55.4% have had their booster jabs (28th of April 2022 data). In the UK, 79.3% of the total population has received one dose, 74.1% a second one, and 58.5% have received a booster. In Italy, 85.2% of the total population has had a first dose, 80.4% have had two doses, and 66.5% have had their booster jabs (28th of April 2022 data). These figures indicate enthusiasm across G7 countries for COVID-19 vaccines. Yet high overall vaccination rates at the national level, disguise significant in-country disparities. For example, by the end of 2021, less than 50% of residents of the Northern Districts of Marseille were vaccinated, compared with over 70% in wealthier neighbourhoods. In the Ealing borough of Northwest London, 70% of the eligible population has had a first dose – which is almost 10% percent below the national average (4th of April 2022 data). Disparities are also seen in other urban metropolises across the G7. This brief investigates these disparities through the lens of “vaccine (in)equity”, focusing on the role of local actors. It builds on ethnographic and qualitative research carried out in the Northern Districts of Marseille and ongoing research engagement around vaccine equity in Ealing (Northwest London), as well as qualitative research carried out in Italy among networks of healthcare providers, intercultural mediators, and civil society organizations that collaborated during the COVID-19 campaign in the Emilia Romagna region and in Rome. This brief is based on research conducted between October and December 2021 in Marseille and ongoing engagement in Ealing which started in May 2021. It identified how local governments, health actors, community groups and residents play key roles in shaping vaccine (in)equity. This brief was developed for SSHAP by Santiago Ripoll (IDS), Tabitha Hrynick (IDS), Ashley Ouvrier (LaSSA), Megan Schmidt-Sane (IDS), Federico Federici (UCL) and Elizabeth Storer (LSE). It was reviewed by Eloisa Franchi (Università degli Studi di Pavia) and Ellen Schwartz (Hackney Council Public Health). The research was funded through the British Academy COVID-19 Recovery: G7 Fund (COVG7210038). Research was based at the Institute of Development Studies (IDS), University of Susssex, and the Laboratoire de Sciences Sociales Appliquées (LaSSA). The brief is the responsibility of SSHAP.
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Bano, Masooda, and Daniel Dyonisius. The Role of District-Level Political Elites in Education Planning in Indonesia: Evidence from Two Districts. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/109.

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Focus on decentralisation as a way to improve service delivery has led to significant research on the processes of education-policy adoption and implementation at the district level. Much of this research has, however, focused on understanding the working of the district education bureaucracies and the impact of increased community participation on holding teachers to account. Despite recognition of the role of political elites in prioritising investment in education, studies examining this, especially at the district-government level, are rare. This paper explores the extent and nature of engagement of political elites in setting the education-reform agenda in two districts in the state of West Java in Indonesia: Karawang (urban district) and Purwakarta (rural district). The paper shows that for a country where the state schooling system faces a serious learning crisis, the district-level political elites do show considerable levels of engagement with education issues: governments in both districts under study allocate higher percentages of the district-government budget to education than mandated by the national legislation. However, the attitude of the political elites towards meeting challenges to the provision of good-quality education appears to be opportunistic and tokenistic: policies prioritised are those that promise immediate visibility and credit-taking, help to consolidate the authority of the bupati (the top political position in the district-government hierarchy), and align with the ruling party’s political positioning or ideology. A desire to appease growing community demand for investment in education rather than a commitment to improving learning outcomes seems to guide the process. Faced with public pressure for increased access to formal employment opportunities, the political elites in the urban district have invested in providing scholarships for secondary-school students to ensure secondary school completion, even though the district-government budget is meant for primary and junior secondary schools. The bupati in the rural district, has, on the other hand, prioritised investment in moral education; such prioritisation is in line with the community's preferences, but it is also opportunistic, as increased respect for tradition also preserves reverence for the post of the bupati—a position which was part of the traditional governance system before being absorbed into the modern democratic framework. The paper thus shows that decentralisation is enabling communities to make political elites recognise that they want the state to prioritise education, but that the response of the political elites remains piecemeal, with no evidence of a serious commitment to pursuing policies aimed at improving learning outcomes. Further, the paper shows that the political culture at the district level reproduces the problems associated with Indonesian democracy at the national level: the need for cross-party alliances to hold political office, and resulting pressure to share the spoils. Thus, based on the evidence from the two districts studied for this paper, we find that given the competitive and clientelist nature of political settlements in Indonesia, even the district level political elite do not seem pressured to prioritise policies aimed at improving learning outcomes.
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Minz, Dror, Stefan J. Green, Noa Sela, Yitzhak Hadar, Janet Jansson, and Steven Lindow. Soil and rhizosphere microbiome response to treated waste water irrigation. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598153.bard.

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Research objectives : Identify genetic potential and community structure of soil and rhizosphere microbial community structure as affected by treated wastewater (TWW) irrigation. This objective was achieved through the examination soil and rhizosphere microbial communities of plants irrigated with fresh water (FW) and TWW. Genomic DNA extracted from soil and rhizosphere samples (Minz laboratory) was processed for DNA-based shotgun metagenome sequencing (Green laboratory). High-throughput bioinformatics was performed to compare both taxonomic and functional gene (and pathway) differences between sample types (treatment and location). Identify metabolic pathways induced or repressed by TWW irrigation. To accomplish this objective, shotgun metatranscriptome (RNA-based) sequencing was performed. Expressed genes and pathways were compared to identify significantly differentially expressed features between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW. Identify microbial gene functions and pathways affected by TWW irrigation*. To accomplish this objective, we will perform a metaproteome comparison between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW and selected soil microbial activities. Integration and evaluation of microbial community function in relation to its structure and genetic potential, and to infer the in situ physiology and function of microbial communities in soil and rhizospere under FW and TWW irrigation regimes. This objective is ongoing due to the need for extensive bioinformatics analysis. As a result of the capabilities of the new PI, we have also been characterizing the transcriptome of the plant roots as affected by the TWW irrigation and comparing the function of the plants to that of the microbiome. *This original objective was not achieved in the course of this study due to technical issues, especially the need to replace the American PIs during the project. However, the fact we were able to analyze more than one plant system as a result of the abilities of the new American PI strengthened the power of the conclusions derived from studies for the 1ˢᵗ and 2ⁿᵈ objectives. Background: As the world population grows, more urban waste is discharged to the environment, and fresh water sources are being polluted. Developing and industrial countries are increasing the use of wastewater and treated wastewater (TWW) for agriculture practice, thus turning the waste product into a valuable resource. Wastewater supplies a year- round reliable source of nutrient-rich water. Despite continuing enhancements in TWW quality, TWW irrigation can still result in unexplained and undesirable effects on crops. In part, these undesirable effects may be attributed to, among other factors, to the effects of TWW on the plant microbiome. Previous studies, including our own, have presented the TWW effect on soil microbial activity and community composition. To the best of our knowledge, however, no comprehensive study yet has been conducted on the microbial population associated BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 2 of 16 BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 3 of 16 with plant roots irrigated with TWW – a critical information gap. In this work, we characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on root-associated microbial community structure and function by using the most innovative tools available in analyzing bacterial community- a combination of microbial marker gene amplicon sequencing, microbial shotunmetagenomics (DNA-based total community and gene content characterization), microbial metatranscriptomics (RNA-based total community and gene content characterization), and plant host transcriptome response. At the core of this research, a mesocosm experiment was conducted to study and characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on tomato and lettuce plants. A focus of this study was on the plant roots, their associated microbial communities, and on the functional activities of plant root-associated microbial communities. We have found that TWW irrigation changes both the soil and root microbial community composition, and that the shift in the plant root microbiome associated with different irrigation was as significant as the changes caused by the plant host or soil type. The change in microbial community structure was accompanied by changes in the microbial community-wide functional potential (i.e., gene content of the entire microbial community, as determined through shotgun metagenome sequencing). The relative abundance of many genes was significantly different in TWW irrigated root microbiome relative to FW-irrigated root microbial communities. For example, the relative abundance of genes encoding for transporters increased in TWW-irrigated roots increased relative to FW-irrigated roots. Similarly, the relative abundance of genes linked to potassium efflux, respiratory systems and nitrogen metabolism were elevated in TWW irrigated roots when compared to FW-irrigated roots. The increased relative abundance of denitrifying genes in TWW systems relative FW systems, suggests that TWW-irrigated roots are more anaerobic compare to FW irrigated root. These gene functional data are consistent with geochemical measurements made from these systems. Specifically, the TWW irrigated soils had higher pH, total organic compound (TOC), sodium, potassium and electric conductivity values in comparison to FW soils. Thus, the root microbiome genetic functional potential can be correlated with pH, TOC and EC values and these factors must take part in the shaping the root microbiome. The expressed functions, as found by the metatranscriptome analysis, revealed many genes that increase in TWW-irrigated plant root microbial population relative to those in the FW-irrigated plants. The most substantial (and significant) were sodium-proton antiporters and Na(+)-translocatingNADH-quinoneoxidoreductase (NQR). The latter protein uses the cell respiratory machinery to harness redox force and convert the energy for efflux of sodium. As the roots and their microbiomes are exposed to the same environmental conditions, it was previously hypothesized that understanding the soil and rhizospheremicrobiome response will shed light on natural processes in these niches. This study demonstrate how newly available tools can better define complex processes and their downstream consequences, such as irrigation with water from different qualities, and to identify primary cues sensed by the plant host irrigated with TWW. From an agricultural perspective, many common practices are complicated processes with many ‘moving parts’, and are hard to characterize and predict. Multiple edaphic and microbial factors are involved, and these can react to many environmental cues. These complex systems are in turn affected by plant growth and exudation, and associated features such as irrigation, fertilization and use of pesticides. However, the combination of shotgun metagenomics, microbial shotgun metatranscriptomics, plant transcriptomics, and physical measurement of soil characteristics provides a mechanism for integrating data from highly complex agricultural systems to eventually provide for plant physiological response prediction and monitoring. BARD Report
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Jones, Theresa, and Elisabeth Storer. Key Considerations: Adherence to COVID-19 Preventive Measures in Greater Kampala, Uganda. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.005.

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This brief sets out key considerations for risk communications and community engagement (RCCE) to promote adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures in greater Kampala, Uganda. It looks at adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures, assesses the challenges to their adoption and outlines key considerations for partners working in RCCE and the wider COVID-19 emergency response. The brief responds to concern (as of March 2022) about COVID-19 transmission in informal urban areas in Uganda due to their high population density, limited sanitary infrastructure, and reported low uptake of vaccination. Ensuring effective communication and engagement with a series of preventative measures is essential in limiting the spread of COVID-19. The Ministry of Health and response partners have been proactive, however interventions and guidance for COVID-19 have taken limited account of social science research about the perceptions and practices related to COVID-19 regulations. This brief aims to address this gap so these data may be used to inform more effective and practicable guidance for vulnerable groups. This brief draws primarily on an analysis of existing scientific and grey literature. Additional primary data was collected through consultation with six social science and RCCE experts who focus on this geographical area. The brief was requested by UNICEF Uganda in consultation with the Uganda Ministry of Health (MoH) RCCE subcommittee and the RCCE technical working group for the Eastern and South Africa region (ESAR). It was developed for SSHAP by Theresa Jones (Anthrologica) and supported by Elizabeth Storer (London School of Economics), with contributions and reviews by colleagues at Anthrologica, the Institute of Development Studies (IDS), UNICEF ESARO and Uganda, Makerere University, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Dreamline Products and the IFRC.
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Study of adolescents: Dynamics of perception, attitude, knowledge and use of reproductive health care. Population Council, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/pgy1997.1000.

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Knowledge, perceptions, and behavior related to reproductive health (RH) and sexual matters underlie all the conditions that family planning/maternal and child health (FP/MCH) programs address, thus these are important issues for FP researchers, population policymakers, and service providers. To achieve significant levels of fertility or mortality declines, participation of adolescents in reproductive health programs, including FP/MCH, is essential. Studies focusing on sexuality and attitudes of adolescents on RH, and the interacting influences of family, community, and the social sector developmental programs (health, FP/MCH, education, women’s development) would give useful revelations. This report presents findings from a study that was designed to conduct in-depth research on adolescents’ attitudes, perceptions, and behavior on sexuality and RH in selected urban and rural settings of Bangladesh.
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Integrating RTI services in primary health care system: Observations from an operations research in Uttar Pradesh, India. Population Council, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh1997.1009.

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Evidence from community studies indicates that significant proportions of Indian women (30 percent) may have reproductive tract infections (RTIs). Given that women are in general asymptomatic and that even symptomatic women may not seek care, the estimates are the minimum levels of prevalence. Most women do not seek treatment for RTIs for such reasons as lack of awareness, acceptance that RTIs are part of women's lives, and lack of treatment facilities. On the supply side, in the public sector the treatment for RTIs is limited with most services provided through STD clinics in urban areas. Seeking treatment at STD clinics is stigmatizing to most clients, particularly women. Thus, most clients at STD clinics tend to be men and their partners may remain untreated. Women are more likely to seek treatment from gynecologists or maternal and child health facilities. This paper discusses preliminary observations from ongoing operations research in Uttar Pradesh that attempts to assess the feasibility of integrating the management of RTIs with existing primary health care services provided by primary health centers or rural health hospitals like community health centers and postpartum centers.
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