Relevant bibliographies by topics / Urban Shallow Water Systems

Academic literature on the topic 'Urban Shallow Water Systems'

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Published: 6 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Urban Shallow Water Systems"

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Yang, Zhuan Yun. "Feasibility Analysis and Status of Shallow Pipe-Jacking Technology in Urban Drainage Systems." Key Engineering Materials 480-481 (June 2011): 1278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.480-481.1278.

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Considering the current domestic situation that there is no provision for shallow pipe-jacking (with overburden soil layer not thicker than 3 m and 1.5 times of the pipe external diameter) in the existing water supply and drainage pipeline engineering design and construction specifications, a comprehensive analysis and discussion, based on the actual domestic condition, is made on the feasibility of shallow pipe-jacking technology in urban drainage systems. The problems confronting the shallow pipe-jacking technology theory research are also analyzed and the research status of shallow curve pipe-jacking technology is introduced.
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Lai, Yue, Yiyun Lu, Tingting Ding, Huiyi Sun, Xuanying Li, and Xiaoyu Ge. "Effects of Low-Impact Development Facilities (Water Systems of the Park) on Stormwater Runoff in Shallow Mountainous Areas Based on Dual-Model (SWMM and MIKE21) Simulations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (November 2, 2022): 14349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114349.

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Rapid urbanization has triggered more serious urban flood risks. Many studies have focused on intra-urban flooding, but less attention has been paid to rainfall and flood risks at the urban fringe. Nowadays, China is vigorously promoting the construction of sponge cities in the whole area. It is important to study the construction of sponge cities in shallow mountainous areas, which are an important barrier between cities and mountains. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the performance of Low-Impact Development (LID) facilities under different rainfall scenarios in developed shallow mountainous areas. The second garden and flower exposition (“the Expo Park”) in Hebei Province is used as an example. The SWMM and MIKE21 models were used to simulate the hydrological processes before and after the construction of “the Expo Park”, and the models were calibrated with the measured data. Peak flow rate, outflow volume, rainfall-outflow ratio, runoff velocity, and water feature area of the water system were used as indicators to evaluate their effectiveness. The results showed that the placement of LID facilities had a positive impact on the construction of the shallow mountain area. Specifically, (1) LID facilities can reduce the peak flow rate, delayed peak flow time, outflow volume, and rainfall outflow ratio of stormwater runoff in mountainous areas; and (2) they can effectively collect rainwater and become a supplement to the landscape water system of the site. These findings provide a scientific basis for the construction of LID facilities in shallow mountainous areas, which is important for the development and flood management of shallow mountainous areas.
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Dickman, M. D. "Evidence of Recent Eutrophication of an Urban Lake in Nanjing, China." Water Quality Research Journal 27, no. 2 (May 1, 1992): 311–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1992.022.

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Abstract There is very little known about urban lakes in China, and for this reason this paper provides a synthesis of palaeolimnological and past and present phytoplankton studies of Xuanwu Lake, an urban lake near the center of Nanjing, in Jiangsu Province, China. Documented changes in biotic species diversity and water chemistry in this urban lake over the last thirty years have been attributed to progressive eutrophication associated with lake in-filling, commercial harvesting of plants and fish and intense industrial and urban activities within the lake's watershed. During the last decade, phytoplankton biomass in Xuanwu Lake has increased ten fold. This has resulted in a steady shallowing of the lake's photic zone to a depth of less than 0.7 m with Secchi transparencies of 0.3 to 0.4 m. Wind-generated currents prevent anoxia from occurring in this shallow wind-swept lake no matter how eutrophic the lake. As a result, many of the negative impacts of hypertrophication, such as anoxia, fish kills and noxious odors, are avoided. Thus, shallow lakes like Xuanwu Lake can become eutrophic without producing long periods of hypolimnetic anoxia such as those frequently reported for deeper eutrophic lakes. It was concluded that it is important to treat deep urban lakes differently from shallow urban lakes as the latter systems rarely display extended periods of anoxia, fish kills and noxious odors.
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Silvestri, Vincent. "Performance of shallow foundations on clay deposits in Montréal Island." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 218–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t99-082.

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This paper reports the results of a geotechnical investigation and a 3 year monitoring program of clay deposits in Montréal Island, on which are founded five typical residential buildings. The sites were provided with foundation wall elevation pins, ground movement plates, deep settlement points, piezometers and shallow water level gauges, aluminium tubes for the measurement of volumetric weights and water contents, and irrigation systems. Data recorded show that for the relatively dry summer of 1991 ground and foundation settlements were more pronounced on the nonirrigated sites.Key words: shallow foundations, clay deposits, performance, urban environment, monitoring.
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Wittenberg, H., and H. Aksoy. "Groundwater intrusion into leaky sewer systems." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 1 (July 1, 2010): 92–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.287.

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Vast volumes of groundwater are drained by urban sewer systems. This unwanted flow component intrudes into sewer systems through leaky joints or connected house drains. However, unlike urban storm drainage, it has a high seasonal variation corresponding to groundwater storage and long slow recessions similar to baseflow in rivers also fed by shallow groundwater exfiltrating into the surface waters. By applying the nonlinear reservoir algorithm as used for baseflow separation from total flow in a river, groundwater flow is separated from daily measured influents to treatment plants in Lower Saxony and Baden-Württemberg, Germany and in the Terkos Lake watershed near Istanbul, Turkey. While waste water flows vary only moderately within a year, separated intruded groundwater flows show recessions and seasonal variations correlated to baseflow in neighbouring rivers. It is possible to conclude that recession characteristics of treatment plant influents allow quantification and prediction of groundwater intrusion into sewer systems.
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Alsumaiei, Abdullah A. "A Nonlinear Autoregressive Modeling Approach for Forecasting Groundwater Level Fluctuation in Urban Aquifers." Water 12, no. 3 (March 14, 2020): 820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030820.

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The application of a nonlinear autoregressive modeling approach with exogenous input (NARX) neural networks for modeling groundwater level fluctuation has been examined by several researchers. However, the suitability of NARX in modeling groundwater level dynamics in urbanized and arid aquifer systems has not been comprehensively investigated. In this study, a NARX-based modeling approach is presented to establish a robust water management tool to aid urban water managers in controlling the development of shallow water tables induced by artificial recharge activity. Temperature data series are used as exogenous inputs for the NARX network, as they better reflect the intensity of artificial recharge activities, such as excessive lawns irrigation. Input delays and feedback delays for the NARX networks are determined based on the autocorrelation and cross-correlation analyses of detrended groundwater levels and monthly temperature averages. The validation of the proposed approach is assessed through a rolling validation procedure. Four observation wells in Kuwait City are selected to test the applicability of the proposed approach. The results showed the superiority of the NARX-based approach in modeling groundwater levels in such an urbanized and arid aquifer system, with coefficient of determination (R2) values ranging between 0.762 and 0.994 in the validation period. Comparison with other statistical models applied to the same study area shows that NARX models presented here reduced the mean absolute error (MAE) of groundwater levels forecasts by 50%. The findings of this paper are promising and provide a valuable tool for the urban city planner to assist in controlling the problem of shallow water tables for similar climatic and aquifer systems.
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Thomas, K., E. McBean, and H. M. Murphy. "Drinking water quality for peri-urban residents in Phnom Penh, Cambodia." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 3, no. 4 (June 8, 2013): 512–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.126.

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Piped distribution systems are limited to major urban centres in Cambodia, leaving the residents of peri-urban communities to rely on a variety of surface, rain and groundwater sources for their drinking water supplies. This paper examines microbial water quality results from two of Phnom Penh's peri-urban communities, and describes relationships between water source and treatment type, study site and storage vessel, relative to water quality guidelines. Treating water by boiling was a common practice, although the majority of residents indicated using boiling times far greater than required, which may impact adoption rates. A statistical difference is described between boiled water by source type, with boiled shallow well water having elevated E. coli levels. The only household drinking water type that met WHO guidelines most of the time was boiled rain or tank (vendor) water (56%); boiled rain or tank (vendor) water stored in a kettle, bucket/cooler or bucket with spigot met guideline values 69, 43 and 60% of the time, respectively. The highest quality water is from boiled rain or tank (vendor) water taken directly from a kettle. The findings described provide some insight on how to prioritize water options for various uses.
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Allende, Luz, María Soledad Fontanarrosa, Ayelen Murno, and Rodrigo Sinistro. "Phytoplankton functional group classifications as a tool for biomonitoring shallow lakes: a case study." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 420 (2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2018044.

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We assessed changes in phytoplankton community structure in relation to environmental variables in an urban eutrophic shallow lake (Lake Lugano, Argentina) throughout one year following two classification systems according to the morpho-functional groups (MFG) approach and morphologically based functional groups (MBFG). We aimed to compare the different approaches and find a simple tool to biomonitor urban freshwaters regarding their phytoplankton structure. Values of transparency, nutrients and chlorophyll a concentrations confirmed the eutrophic/hypertrophic conditions of the lake. The potentially toxic Cyanobacteria Planktothrix agardhii representing MFG 5a and MBFG III was generally dominant and reached bloom densities (>62,000 ind ml−1). The multivariate analyses performed showed similar and overlapping results considering both approaches. Nutrients and transparency were the main environmental variables explaining the variance encountered. We conclude that MBFG classification was an adequate, easy-to-handle method for monitoring Lake Lugano. The functional approaches applied enabled the follow-up of potentially toxic Cyanobacteria in Lake Lugano. Further studies should include the estimation of cyanobacteria-derived toxin concentrations in water. We consider that the applicability of the MBFG approach deserves to be further explored as a promising tool for biomonitoring different types of urban water bodies.
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Schneider, Silvana Isabel, Jaqueline Ineu Golombieski, Debora Seben, Kananda Cabral Menegazzo, Arci Dirceu Wastowski, Willian Fernando de Borba, Samara Terezinha Decezaro, and Raphael Corrêa Medeiros. "Water quality in individual groundwater supply systems in Southern Brazil." Ciência e Natura 43 (June 30, 2021): e65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x65195.

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This study aimed to evaluate the potability of drinking water in ten municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, distributed in rural and urban areas, with three different sources: springs, shallow wells, and deep wells. The water quality parameters analyzed from 2017 to 2019 were: pH, temperature, apparent and true color, turbidity, electrical conductivity, total alkalinity, total hardness, nitrate, total phosphorus, total iron, fluoride, biochemical oxygen demand, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli. A macroscopic analysis was also conducted in the surrounding of sampling points. According to the Brazilian and the WHO (World Health Organization) guidelines, some of the analyzed variables, in some sampling points, were in disagreement with the current both guidelines, which are pH, apparent color, turbidity, total iron, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli. The surveillance showed that the deeper the water is abstracted the less are natural and anthropogenic interferences in physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of the water; and the protection of the location where the water is abstracted improves its quality. Nonetheless, for the sampled waters it is necessary a disinfection process for posterior human consumption.
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Jin, Mengxiao, Michele Lancia, Yong Tian, Stefano Viaroli, Charles Andrews, Junguo Liu, and Chunmiao Zheng. "The Role of Aquifers in Sustaining the Sponge City Concept in Chinese High-Density Housing." Water 14, no. 6 (March 16, 2022): 929. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14060929.

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Chinese cities and megacities occupy large areas with high population densities. These urban sectors have extensive impervious surfaces and import large amounts of water from pristine sources, putting pressure on the urban drainage systems during storms. To reduce flood risk and tackle water scarcity, the Chinese government promulgated the Sponge City concept: an ensemble of absorbing features, including permeable pavements and green roofs, to reduce urban runoff and increase water storage. We evaluate the benefits of merging the urban aquifer with conventional Sponge City features by simulating stormwater storage in aquifers with a groundwater model (MODFLOW) and a stormwater management model (SWMM). The urban aquifers of an ideal district, characterized by high-density housing and a flat morphology, collect and dissipate extreme rains (200 mm in 6 h) when the hydraulic conductivity of the subsoil is higher than 1·10−5 m/s, roughly corresponding to a medium productive aquifer. Economic and ecological benefits at the catchment scale are also discussed. Suitable shallow aquifers are individuated and discussed throughout China via a hydrogeological and geomorphological approach. The proposed method increases the percentage of water that can be controlled above that obtained through conventional Sponge City features.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urban Shallow Water Systems"

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Johnson, Thomas C. "Implicit numerical schemes for transcritical shallow water flow." Thesis, University of Reading, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365090.

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Tsegaye, Seneshaw Amare. "Flexible Urban Water Distribution Systems." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4597.

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With increasing global change pressures such as urbanization and climate change, cities of the future will experience difficulties in efficiently managing scarcer and less reliable water resources. However, projections of future global change pressures are plagued with uncertainties. This increases the difficulty in developing urban water systems that are adaptable to future uncertainty. A major component of an urban water system is the distribution system, which constitutes approximately 80-85% of the total cost of the water supply system (Swamee and Sharma, 2008). Traditionally, water distribution systems (WDS) are designed using deterministic assumptions of main model input variables such as water availability and water demand. However, these deterministic assumptions are no longer valid due to the inherent uncertainties associated with them. Hence, a new design approach is required, one that recognizes these inherent uncertainties and develops more adaptable and flexible systems capable of using their active capacity to act or respond to future alterations in a timely, performance-efficient, and cost-effective manner. This study develops a framework for the design of flexible WDS that are adaptable to new, different, or changing requirements. The framework consists of two main parts. The first part consists of several components that are important in the pre and post--processing of the least-cost design methodology of a flexible WDS. These components include: the description of uncertainties affecting WDS design, identification of potential flexibility options for WDS, generation of flexibility through optimization, and a method for assessing of flexibility. For assessment a suite of performance metrics is developed that reflect the degree of flexibility of a distribution system. These metrics focus on the capability of the WDS to respond and react to future changes. The uncertainties description focuses on the spatial and temporal variation of future demand. The second part consists of two optimization models for the design of centralized and decentralized WDS respectively. The first model generates flexible, staged development plans for the incremental growth of a centralized WDS. The second model supports the development of clustered/decentralized WDS. It is argued that these clustered systems promote flexibility as they provide internal degrees of freedom, allowing many different combinations of distribution systems to be considered. For both models a unique genetic algorithm based flexibility optimization (GAFO) model was developed that maximizes the flexibility of a WDS at the least cost. The efficacy of the developed framework and tools are demonstrated through two case study applications on real networks in Uganda. The first application looks at the design of a centralized WDS in Mbale, a small town in Eastern Uganda. Results from this application indicate that the flexibility framework is able to generate a more flexible design of the centralized system that is 4% - 50% less expensive than a conventionally designed system when compared against several future scenarios. In addition, this application highlights that the flexible design has a lower regret under different scenarios when compared to the conventionally designed system (a difference of 11.2m3/US$). The second application analyzes the design of a decentralized network in the town of Aura, a small town in Northern Uganda. A comparison of a decentralized system to a centralized system is performed, and the results indicate that the decentralized system is 24% - 34% less expensive and that these cost savings are associated with the ability of the decentralized system to be staged in a way that traces the urban growth trajectory more closely. The decentralized clustered WDS also has a lower regret (a difference of 17.7m3/US$) associated with the potential future conditions in comparison with the conventionally centralized system and hence is more flexible.
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Godin, André. "The calibration of shallow water multibeam echo-sounding systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq23800.pdf.

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Sempewo, Jotham Ivan. "Transitioning of urban water distribution systems." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4227/.

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The upgrade of urban water distribution systems (UWDS) amidst uncertain global change pressures is a challenging problem. To deal with this dilemma water utilities require approaches that enable UWDS to be transitioned at a minimal technical and socio-economic impact as uncertainties become known. A review of approaches for upgrading UWDS shows that existing cost models are skewed towards operation and maintenance costs without consideration for future transitionability. This thesis describes approaches for the sustainable transition of UWDS and their application on case studies. The thesis develops a conceptual framework for the analysis of UWDS transitions. It then develops a Socio-economic Impact Indicator (SII) framework based on Multi Criteria Decision Analysis and the Analytical Hierarchical Process to estimate impacts in an urban area due to UWDS transitions. It also develops an approach for modelling socio-technical transitions based on multinomial logistic regression. The thesis then develops an UWDS transition design approach that considers not only operation and maintenance costs (leakage and burst costs) but also transitionability and future socio-technical impacts costs. The developed approaches have been tested on case studies as proof of concept. Maximum cost saving can be realised when existing UWDS are upgraded with consideration of future UWDS transitionability.
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Ding, Xiaoliang. "Numberical solution of the shallow-water equations on distributed memory systems." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0006/MQ40742.pdf.

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Huang, Danguang. "Flexible design of urban water distribution systems." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/2948/.

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Urban water distribution systems (UWDS) are highly inter-connected and under many uncertainties from water demand, pipe roughness, and component failure. Accurate projections of these uncertainties are almost impossible, and thus it may not be a proper method to design the system to meet its performance criteria for the forecasted scenario. The system is designed for the deterministic not for the uncertainties, as a result it may not be efficient or effective to be operated under different future scenarios. Flexible design is shown as a useful strategy to cost-effectively respond to uncertainties because of its consideration of uncertainties in advance, and has been successfully applied in many engineering systems. The objective of flexible design is to identify flexibility sources in UWDS and embed them into the system design to respond to uncertainties. The thesis discussed different terms to define the property of the system to respond to uncertainties and proposed a definition of flexibility for UWDS. It then proposed different measures to indicate flexibility value and introduced an efficient method to handle numerous uncertain parameters in the model. It also develops an efficient method to identify high value flexibility sources based on the Flexibility Index. Finally the thesis presents a flexibility-based optimisation model that enable water engineers to compare different flexible design alternatives and generate optimal solutions. A definition of flexibility in UWDS is proposed to illustrate broadly its property to respond to uncertainties, since it is not so useful, or at least in this thesis to distinguish similar terms to define the property of the system to respond to uncertainties. Identified flexibility sources by the proposed method is not useful for the flexibility-based optimization model to design a system, but it might be a powerful tool to locate the weak points in the system or provide better update options during rehabilitation of the system. The computational efficiency of the proposed flexibility-based optimisation model was demonstrated by dramatic decreasing on the number of the required hydraulic simulation in the case study. Flexible designs in the case study are more expensive than inflexible design, but have better hydraulic performance under uncertainties.
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Noiva, Karen Marie. "International comparative analysis of urban water systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115760.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2018.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 223-251).
This dissertation presents a new approach to structuring global diversity for a large number of urban water systems, so that trends observed in a small number of cases can contribute to a more general understanding of the spectrum of contemporary sustainability challenges faced by cities around the world. The two-part approach first uses a large number of cities (large-n, i.e. n = 142) to identify a typology which is used to guide the choice of two cases (small-n, i.e. n = 2) for further analysis. In the first part of the approach, I compare a large number (large-n) of urban water systems. Simple profiles of key attributes of urban water supply and demand-population (N), water use intensity (WN), and net annual water balance data (qNet)-are assembled from common global databases. Univariate and bivariate methods are used to identify global trends. I introduce two new indicators that benchmark urban water use intensity against climatic availability: the Water Use and Climate Index (WUCI, with units of m²) and the Potential Self-Sufficiency Ratio (Rss, unitless) and find that 65% of cities in the study have Rss >/= 1. I then use exploratory statistical clustering algorithms to identify six type of urban water systems profiles, ranging from small, wet cities with low WUCI and high Rss to large cities with high water use intensity, high WUCI, and lower Rss. In the second part of the approach, I demonstrate the use of that typology in framing case study choice for small-n international comparative analysis of urban water systems. I choose Los Angeles and Singapore from Type 4, which have large populations and high water use intensity but different climates. I apply univariate and bivariate methods to identify trends over time in water system profiles of LA and Singapore. Calculating WUCI and the Potential Self-Sufficiency Ratio for the two cases provides insight into historical behavior and future targets. Finally, I use these results to construct simple simulations to assess past behavior and future targets.
by Karen Marie Noiva.
Ph. D.
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Winter, Thomas A. "Examination of time-reversal acoustic application to shallow water active sonar systems." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2000. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA378874.

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Akponasa, Gladys Aruore. "Solution of the contravariant shallow water equations using boundary-fitted coordinate systems." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314835.

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au, mike mouritz@dpi wa gov, and Mike Mouritz. "Sustainable urban water systems : policy and professional praxis." Murdoch University, 1996. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20051109.95558.

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The provision of water, wastewater and stormwater infrastructure is an essential ingredient of cities. However, questions are being raised about the type and form of urban infrastructure, for economic and environmental reasons. Traditionally these techologies have offered linear solutions, drawing increasing volumes of water into cities and discharging waste at ever increasing levels, causing escalating stress on the environment. In addition the costs of water infrastructure provision and replacement, both in the developing and developed world, is becoming prohibitive. In response, a new paradigm has been called for and new solutions are emerging that have been labelled as Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM). This concept can be considered to consist of both technical and philosophical dimensions, and represents a new form of professional praxis. However, the adoption of these techniques and concepts is constrained by the inertia of the existing urban water systems. It is therefore argued that the introduction of any change must occur across a number of dimensions of the technoeconomic system of the city. These dimensions-artefacts and technical systems (i.e. the technology and knowledge systems), professional praxis and socio-political context (i.e. institutions, culture and politics) and biophysical realities and world views (i.e. the environment and underlying values) - provide a framework for analysis of the change process - both how it is occurring and how it needs to occur. This framework is used to illustrate the link between environment values and the process of technological innovation, and points to the need for the emerging values and innovations to be institutionalised into the professional praxis and socio-political context of society. Specifically, it is argued that a new form of transdisciplinary professional praxis is emerging and needs to be cultivated. A broad review of the literature, an evaluation of selected emerging technologies and three case studies are used to illustrate and argue this position. These examples show the potential economic, social and environmental benefits of IUWM and provide some insight into the potential which this approach has to influence the form and structure of the city and at the same time highlighting the institutional arrangements required to manage urban water systems.
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Books on the topic "Urban Shallow Water Systems"

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Conference, on Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling (1999 Toronto Ont ). Applied modeling of urban water systems. Guelph, Ont: CHI, 2000.

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Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling Conference (2006 Toronto, Ont.). Contemporary modeling of urban water systems. Guelph, Ont: CHI, 2007.

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1937-, James William, Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling Conference (2003 : Toronto, Ont.), and South African Conference on Urban Drainage Modeling and Management (1st : 2003 : Cape Town, South Africa), eds. Innovative modeling of urban water systems. Guelph, Ont: CHI, 2004.

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Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling Conference (2009 Toronto, Ont.). Dynamic modeling of urban water systems. Guelph, Ont: CHI, 2010.

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Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling Conference. Intelligent modeling of urban water systems. Guelph, ON: CHI, 2005.

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Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling Conference (2002 Toronto, Ont.). Practical modeling of urban water systems. Guelph, Ont: CHI, 2003.

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1937-, James William, and Computational Hydraulics International, eds. Reliable modeling of urban water systems. Guelph, Ont: CHI, 2008.

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William, James. Cognitive modeling of urban water systems. Guelph, Ont: CHI Press, 2011.

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1937-, James William, Computational Hydraulics International, and Conference on Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling (2008 : Toronto, Ont.), eds. Conceptual modeling of urban water systems. Guelph, Ont: CHI, 2009.

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Stormwater and Urban Water Systems Modeling Conference (2005 Toronto, Ont.). Intelligent modeling of urban water systems. Guelph, Ont: CHI, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Urban Shallow Water Systems"

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Loucks, Daniel P., and Eelco van Beek. "Urban Water Systems." In Water Resource Systems Planning and Management, 527–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44234-1_12.

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Sanders, Thomas G., and Vujica Yevjevieh. "Urban Water Demand." In Water Supply Systems, 7–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61187-2_1.

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Karamouz, Mohammad. "Urban Water Hydrology." In Water Systems Analysis, Design, and Planning, 93–165. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003241744-3.

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Karamouz, Mohammad. "Urban Water Hydraulics." In Water Systems Analysis, Design, and Planning, 167–216. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003241744-4.

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Hereman, Willy. "Shallow Water Waves and Solitary Waves." In Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, 1–18. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27737-5_480-5.

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Hereman, Willy. "Shallow Water Waves and Solitary Waves." In Mathematics of Complexity and Dynamical Systems, 1520–32. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1806-1_96.

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Hereman, Willy. "Shallow Water Waves and Solitary Waves." In Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science, 8112–25. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3_480.

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Tsirogiannis, Ioannis L., Francesco Orsini, and Paulo Luz. "Water Management and Irrigation Systems." In Urban Agriculture, 129–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57720-3_9.

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Kenway, Steven J., Ka Leung Lam, Beata Sochacka, and Marguerite A. Renouf. "Integrated Urban Water Systems." In Decarbonising the Built Environment, 287–304. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7940-6_15.

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Grigg, Neil S. "Integrated Urban Water Systems." In Integrated Water Resource Management, 151–62. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57615-6_8.

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Conference papers on the topic "Urban Shallow Water Systems"

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Wang, Xiao, Lin Fu, Xiling Zhao, and Hua Liu. "Thermodynamic Analysis of a Central Heating System Combing the Urban Heat Network With Geothermal Energy." In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18285.

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In recent years, with the continuous urban expansion, the central heating sources are commonly insufficient in the areas of Northern China. Besides, the increasing heat transfer temperature difference results in more and more exergy loss between the primary heat network and the secondary heat network. This paper introduces a new central heating system which combines the urban heat network with geothermal energy (CHSCHNGE). In this system, the absorption heat exchange unit, which is composed of an absorption heat pump and a water to water heat exchanger, is as alternative to the conventional water to water heat exchanger at the heat exchange station, and the doing work ability of the primary heat network is utilized to drive the absorption heat pump to extract the shallow geothermal energy. In this way, the heat supply ability of the system will be increased with fewer additional energy consumptions. Since the water after driving the absorption heat pump has high temperature, it can continue to heat the supply water coming from the absorption heat pump. As a result, the water of the primary heat network will be stepped cooled and the exergy loss will be reduced. In this study, the performance of the system is simulated based on the mathematical models of the heat source, the absorption heat exchange unit, the ground heat exchanger and the room. The thermodynamic analyses are performed for three systems and the energy efficiency and exergy efficiency are compared. The results show that (a) the COP of the absorption heat exchange unit is 1.25 and the heating capacity of the system increases by 25%, which can effectively reduce the requirements of central heating sources; (b) the PER of the system increases 14.4% more than that of the conventional co-generation central heating system and 54.1% more than that of the ground source heat pump system; (c) the exergy efficiency of the CHSCHNGE is 17.6% higher than that of the conventional co-generation central heating system and 45.6% higher than that of the ground source heat pump system.
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DeBusk, K. M., W. F. Hunt, and D. E. Line. "Bioretention Outflow: Does it Mimic Non-Urban Watershed Shallow Interflow?" In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41114(371)313.

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Chudzicki, J. "Current threats to water supply systems." In URBAN WATER 2016. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/uw160011.

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Vertommen, I., R. Magini, and M. da Conceição Cunha. "Demand uncertainty in modelling water distribution systems." In Urban Water 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/uw120011.

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Ursino, N. "Reliability analysis of sustainable storm water drainage systems." In URBAN WATER 2014. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/uw140131.

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Rathnayake, U. S., and T. T. Tanyimboh. "Optimal control of combined sewer systems using SWMM 5.0." In Urban Water 2012. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/uw120081.

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Coffey, W. M., and R. Egito Coelho. "Standard Shallow Water Completion Systems in Brazil." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/5573-ms.

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Marchioni, M., and G. Becciu. "Permeable pavement used on sustainable drainage systems (SUDs): a synthetic review of recent literature." In URBAN WATER 2014. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/uw140161.

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Ben-Artzi, Matania, Theodore E. Simos, George Psihoyios, Ch Tsitouras, and Zacharias Anastassi. "Conservation Laws on Surfaces: Meteorological Systems—Shallow-Water." In NUMERICAL ANALYSIS AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS ICNAAM 2011: International Conference on Numerical Analysis and Applied Mathematics. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3636668.

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Gary R. Sands, Inhong Song, Lowell M. Busman, and Bradley Hansen. "Water Quality Benefits of "Shallow" Subsurface Drainage Systems." In 2006 Portland, Oregon, July 9-12, 2006. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.20794.

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Reports on the topic "Urban Shallow Water Systems"

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Dahl, Peter H. Influence of Bubbles on Naval Systems Operating in Shallow Water: The Scripps Pier Experiment. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627579.

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Beach, Brian, Werner Troesken, and Nicola Tynan. Who Should Own and Control Urban Water Systems? Historical Evidence from England and Wales. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w22553.

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Vonk, Jaynie. Sustainable Water and Sanitation in Zambia: Impact evaluation of the 'Urban WASH' project. Oxfam GB, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.7284.

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The ‘Urban WASH' project was implemented in George and Chawama compounds in Lusaka between July 2013 and June 2017 by Oxfam and Village Water Zambia. The project aimed to improve provision and sustainable management of WASH services by engaging citizens to hold duty bearers and service providers to account. Oxfam collaborated with local institutions on an array of activities, engaging stakeholders to create a conducive environment for service provision and improving capacities and practices. This Effectiveness Review evaluates the success of this project to increase the sustainability of water and sanitation systems and services. Using a quasi-experimental evaluation design, we assessed impact among households in the intervention communities and in a comparison community. We combined the household-level quantitative assessment with analysis of community-level qualitative Key Informant Interviews, carried out with relevant institutional representatives. Find out more by reading the full report now.
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Wani, Shahrukh, Hina Shaikh, and Oliver Harman. Urban property taxes in Pakistan’s Punjab. The International Growth Centre, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-igc-pb_2020/1.

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Property tax is a significantly under-utilised tax instrument in Punjab, accounting for only 6% of the total provincial tax. With a population of over 100 million, all of Punjab collects less urban property tax than the city of Chennai in India, home to about 10 million people. Punjab's cities have significant service delivery deficits. For example, only 35% of urban households in Punjab have piped water. These deficits will worsen in the absence of local financing that can be used to make public investments. This policy brief outlines the current landscape of property taxation in Punjab, highlights the significance of this source of public finance, and frames future policy direction, particularly the trade-offs between various valuation systems.
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Vonk, Jaynie. Sustainable Water and Sanitation in DRC: Impact evaluation of the ‘Sustainable WASH in Fragile Contexts (SWIFT 1)’ project. Oxfam GB, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2022.8717.

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Between April 2014 and March 2018, the SWIFT Consortium, led by Oxfam with Tearfund and ODI as members, carried out the 'SWIFT 1' project in DRC and Kenya to provide access to water and sanitation and to promote basic hygiene practices. In DRC, the consortium worked with implementing partners HYFRO, CEPROSSAN, and PPSSP in rural and semi-urban areas in three eastern provinces – North Kivu, South Kivu and Maniema. This Effectiveness Review evaluates the success of this project to increase the sustainability of water and sanitation systems and services. It focuses on measuring benefits attributable to additional activities the project carried out in rural areas, above and beyond the national ‘Villages et Ecoles Assainis’ (VEA) approach. Using a quasi-experimental evaluation design, impact is assessed among individuals and their households in intervention and comparison communities in Kirotshe and Mweso Health Zones in North Kivu. Find out more by reading the full report now.
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Vonk, Jaynie. Sustainable Water and Sanitation in Sierra Leone: Impact evaluation of the ‘Improved WASH Services in WAU and WAR Districts’ project. Oxfam GB, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.8401.

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Between October 2016 and March 2019, the Freetown WASH Consortium, led by Oxfam with Against Hunger, Concern Worldwide and Save the Children as members, carried out the 'Improved WASH Services in Western Area Urban (WAU) and Western Area Rural (WAR) Districts' project. Broadly, the project aimed to improve the availability, accessibility, affordability and sustainability of integrated water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services, in alignment with the Government of Sierra Leone's national agenda on Ebola recovery and increased preparedness against possible future outbreaks. This Effectiveness Review evaluates the success of this project to increase the sustainability of water and sanitation systems and services. Using a quasi-experimental, mixed method evaluation design, impact is assessed among individuals, households and communities in intervention and comparison areas. Community-level factors contributing to better individual- and household-level outcomes are explored. Find out more by reading the full report now.
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Minz, Dror, Stefan J. Green, Noa Sela, Yitzhak Hadar, Janet Jansson, and Steven Lindow. Soil and rhizosphere microbiome response to treated waste water irrigation. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7598153.bard.

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Research objectives : Identify genetic potential and community structure of soil and rhizosphere microbial community structure as affected by treated wastewater (TWW) irrigation. This objective was achieved through the examination soil and rhizosphere microbial communities of plants irrigated with fresh water (FW) and TWW. Genomic DNA extracted from soil and rhizosphere samples (Minz laboratory) was processed for DNA-based shotgun metagenome sequencing (Green laboratory). High-throughput bioinformatics was performed to compare both taxonomic and functional gene (and pathway) differences between sample types (treatment and location). Identify metabolic pathways induced or repressed by TWW irrigation. To accomplish this objective, shotgun metatranscriptome (RNA-based) sequencing was performed. Expressed genes and pathways were compared to identify significantly differentially expressed features between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW. Identify microbial gene functions and pathways affected by TWW irrigation*. To accomplish this objective, we will perform a metaproteome comparison between rhizosphere communities of plants irrigated with FW and TWW and selected soil microbial activities. Integration and evaluation of microbial community function in relation to its structure and genetic potential, and to infer the in situ physiology and function of microbial communities in soil and rhizospere under FW and TWW irrigation regimes. This objective is ongoing due to the need for extensive bioinformatics analysis. As a result of the capabilities of the new PI, we have also been characterizing the transcriptome of the plant roots as affected by the TWW irrigation and comparing the function of the plants to that of the microbiome. *This original objective was not achieved in the course of this study due to technical issues, especially the need to replace the American PIs during the project. However, the fact we were able to analyze more than one plant system as a result of the abilities of the new American PI strengthened the power of the conclusions derived from studies for the 1ˢᵗ and 2ⁿᵈ objectives. Background: As the world population grows, more urban waste is discharged to the environment, and fresh water sources are being polluted. Developing and industrial countries are increasing the use of wastewater and treated wastewater (TWW) for agriculture practice, thus turning the waste product into a valuable resource. Wastewater supplies a year- round reliable source of nutrient-rich water. Despite continuing enhancements in TWW quality, TWW irrigation can still result in unexplained and undesirable effects on crops. In part, these undesirable effects may be attributed to, among other factors, to the effects of TWW on the plant microbiome. Previous studies, including our own, have presented the TWW effect on soil microbial activity and community composition. To the best of our knowledge, however, no comprehensive study yet has been conducted on the microbial population associated BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 2 of 16 BARD Report - Project 4662 Page 3 of 16 with plant roots irrigated with TWW – a critical information gap. In this work, we characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on root-associated microbial community structure and function by using the most innovative tools available in analyzing bacterial community- a combination of microbial marker gene amplicon sequencing, microbial shotunmetagenomics (DNA-based total community and gene content characterization), microbial metatranscriptomics (RNA-based total community and gene content characterization), and plant host transcriptome response. At the core of this research, a mesocosm experiment was conducted to study and characterize the effect of TWW irrigation on tomato and lettuce plants. A focus of this study was on the plant roots, their associated microbial communities, and on the functional activities of plant root-associated microbial communities. We have found that TWW irrigation changes both the soil and root microbial community composition, and that the shift in the plant root microbiome associated with different irrigation was as significant as the changes caused by the plant host or soil type. The change in microbial community structure was accompanied by changes in the microbial community-wide functional potential (i.e., gene content of the entire microbial community, as determined through shotgun metagenome sequencing). The relative abundance of many genes was significantly different in TWW irrigated root microbiome relative to FW-irrigated root microbial communities. For example, the relative abundance of genes encoding for transporters increased in TWW-irrigated roots increased relative to FW-irrigated roots. Similarly, the relative abundance of genes linked to potassium efflux, respiratory systems and nitrogen metabolism were elevated in TWW irrigated roots when compared to FW-irrigated roots. The increased relative abundance of denitrifying genes in TWW systems relative FW systems, suggests that TWW-irrigated roots are more anaerobic compare to FW irrigated root. These gene functional data are consistent with geochemical measurements made from these systems. Specifically, the TWW irrigated soils had higher pH, total organic compound (TOC), sodium, potassium and electric conductivity values in comparison to FW soils. Thus, the root microbiome genetic functional potential can be correlated with pH, TOC and EC values and these factors must take part in the shaping the root microbiome. The expressed functions, as found by the metatranscriptome analysis, revealed many genes that increase in TWW-irrigated plant root microbial population relative to those in the FW-irrigated plants. The most substantial (and significant) were sodium-proton antiporters and Na(+)-translocatingNADH-quinoneoxidoreductase (NQR). The latter protein uses the cell respiratory machinery to harness redox force and convert the energy for efflux of sodium. As the roots and their microbiomes are exposed to the same environmental conditions, it was previously hypothesized that understanding the soil and rhizospheremicrobiome response will shed light on natural processes in these niches. This study demonstrate how newly available tools can better define complex processes and their downstream consequences, such as irrigation with water from different qualities, and to identify primary cues sensed by the plant host irrigated with TWW. From an agricultural perspective, many common practices are complicated processes with many ‘moving parts’, and are hard to characterize and predict. Multiple edaphic and microbial factors are involved, and these can react to many environmental cues. These complex systems are in turn affected by plant growth and exudation, and associated features such as irrigation, fertilization and use of pesticides. However, the combination of shotgun metagenomics, microbial shotgun metatranscriptomics, plant transcriptomics, and physical measurement of soil characteristics provides a mechanism for integrating data from highly complex agricultural systems to eventually provide for plant physiological response prediction and monitoring. BARD Report
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Slattery, S. R., P. J. Barnett, A. J. M. Pugin, D. R. Sharpe, D. Goodyear, R E Gerber, S. Holysh, and S. Davies. Tunnel-channel complexes in the Zephyr area, Ontario: potential high-yield aquifers. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/331410.

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In south-central Ontario, tunnel channels are primary targets for groundwater exploration due to their potential to contain confined, water-bearing, coarse-grained sediment fills. Despite extensive hydrogeologic and geologic exploration within these features, a comprehensive depositional model that illustrates the spatial distribution of coarse- and fine- grained sediment in tunnel-channel complexes is absent. Work in the Zephr area, north of ORM, presents new subsurface data to improve understanding of this geologic setting and to add to geologic models of these channel systems. Findings result from combined geology, sedimentology, geophysics (seismic profiling) and sediment drilling (mud rotary and continuous core) to better our understanding the shallow channel setting north of ORM, including: 1) spatial distribution of coarse- and fine-grained sediments in tunnel-channels; 2) the architecture of tunnel-channel sequences in confluence zones. Preferred aquifer targets aquifer units in the Zephyr area are identified in areas of channel confluence and channel bends. Channel aquifers are confined by 3.9 to 28.5 m thick deposits of rhythmically bedded silt and clay.
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Romanchuk, Viktoriya, and Oleh Romanchuk. Екологічні загрози і національна безпека України. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2023.52-53.11722.

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Today, we are more likely to speak and write about the more progressive destruction of land biosphere as a result of irrational economic activities of mankind – the replacement of traditional natural ecosystems by anthropogenic systems (techno-, urban- and agro-systems), discuss the harmonization of the interaction of society and nature, talk about growing socio-political tension and instability on the planet. However, it is not just about understanding the effects of environmental civilization, but also awareness of the psychological and socioeconomic consequences of the brutal destruction of the biosphere, finding ways and means of solving the tasks associated with the ecological crisis, which has already entered the geopolitical level – during the last years there is carried out an intensive research on the effects of the crisis in the biosphere on the system of national interests and state security. The war waged by the Russian Federation against Ukraine is causing serious environmental damage to the Ukrainian state. Combat operations spoil the air, pollute water bodies, destroy forests and unique ecosystems, destroy crops and, in the long run, can cause colossal damage to the ecosystem of the whole Eastern Europe, and shorten the lives of Ukrainians. Key words: biosphere, ecosystem, evolution, ecology, civilization, the Russian-Ukrainian war, safety, problem, ecology.
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Nitrate and ammonia in shallow ground water, Carson City urban area, Nevada, 1989. US Geological Survey, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri964224.

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