Journal articles on the topic 'Urban, rural and regional economics'
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1
Kilkenny, Maureen. "URBAN/REGIONAL ECONOMICS AND RURAL DEVELOPMENT." Journal of Regional Science 50, no. 1 (February 2010): 449–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.2009.00661.x.
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Wu, JunJie, Bruce A. Weber, and Mark D. Partridge. "Rural‐Urban Interdependence: A Framework Integrating Regional, Urban, and Environmental Economic Insights." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 99, no. 2 (December 27, 2016): 464–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aaw093.
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Hyytiä, Nina. "Rural-Urban Multiplier and Policy Effects in Finish Rural Regions: an Inter-Regional Sam Analysis." European Countryside 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 179–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2014-0010.
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AbstractThe paper studies rural policies in two Finnish regions, and whether the policy benefits would accumulate to the rural or urban areas. Rural-urban social accounting matrices were built and used as a base data for the SAM multiplier analysis. The output multiplier values demonstrate the important role of agriculture and food industry in both of the study regions. In the urban areas, however, services and construction were among the industries with the highest income generating potential. Whilst urban and rural industries had almost an equal potential for stimulating the whole economies, the results indicate that urban activities spill over welfare to the surrounding rural areas and thus can back up the development of the whole regions. Due to their different economic structures, South Ostrobothnia responded stronger to the agricultural policies while North Karelia was more responsive to the infrastructure and tourism policies.
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Truong Cong, B. "Revisiting Rural Economic Structural Transformation from the Viewpoint of Regional Linkages." Economy of Region 18, no. 2 (2022): 312–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2022-2-1.
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Regional studies, particularly in rural areas, have attracted great attention from scholars and policy-makers. However, almost all existing literature focused on the growth of these areas while giving little consideration to converting economic activities or economic structural transformation, which plays the main role in sustainable development. Additionally, the studies about economic structural transformation mainly mention the factors, which are changes inside certain economic areas and ignore the outside effects while any geographical area also has spatial relationships. To fill this gap, this study blends the economic structure and regional linkages theories to supply a comprehensive view of the relationship between inside and outside factors that influence rural structural transformation by using systematic reviews and meta-analysis methods. The study’s findings consolidate the importance of urban areas and regional linkages, especially spatial interaction, in rural economic structural transformation. More specifically, this study shows that the motivation for structural transformation of rural areas is emanated from urban areas and is transmitted through spatial flows, which are then absorbed in rural areas. The mechanisms through which the motivation affects rural economic structure are productivity, income, and agricultural land. Based on the review, the study lists several further research questions regarding empirical research of rural economic structural transformation through the relationship between rural and urban areas.
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Jackson, Randall W., Amir Borges Ferreira Neto, Elham Erfanian, and Péter Járosi. "Woody Biomass Processing and Rural Regional Development." Economic Development Quarterly 33, no. 3 (February 9, 2019): 234–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891242419826236.
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The authors report on the economic impacts of introducing woody biomass processing in an economically distressed, but heavily forested Central Appalachian U.S. region. Woody biomass is a readily available unconventional energy source that has the potential to boost the rural region’s economy. They use a static regional computable general equilibrium model to assess long-run economic impacts of two woody biomass processing production pathways of biomass to ethanol through fermentation and biomass to biofuel through fast pyrolysis. While the 232 to 370 jobs and $13 million to $21 million income might seem small relative to the multicounty region, the localized impact on the county in which the facility would be sited, even for the direct jobs and income impacts, would be much more substantial. The authors conclude that woody biomass processing is a viable economic development option for the study area and similar rural regions.
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Wu, Chien-Hsien ,., and Tzu-Kuang Hsu. "An Empirical Study on the Impact of Regional Population Age Structure on Urban and Rural Economic Growth." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS 19 (October 24, 2022): 1723–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23207.2022.19.156.
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Whilst the shift in population structure remains one of the pivotal factors influencing urban and rural economic growth, a thorough probe into the relationship between the two is of important significance for beefing up economic growth in both urban and rural areas. On the basis of the results of literature analysis, this paper analyzes the theories related to regional population structure and urban and rural economic growth, builds an analysis model of the impact of regional population structure on urban and rural economic growth, and selects Fujian Province as the research object, combining multiple linear regression to carry out empirical analysis. Our results reveal that the shift in population structure would boost economic growth to a certain extent, yet due attention must be paid to improving the quality of population in order to avoid the decline in economic growth rate caused by the increase in old-age dependency ratio.
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Krampe, Márcia Estela Daltoé. "Relations and Interactions between Urban and Rural Spaces." International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 9, no. 8 (2022): 431–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.98.49.
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This work promotes critical reflection on the constitution, structure and dynamics of relations, interrelations, interactions and socio-spatial and economic contradictions existing between urban and rural spaces, in different geographical spaces, on a regional scale, and present in the process of regional development. The central issue is the city-countryside and urban-rural themes in the regional development process. Productive restructuring and the new (inter) relations and contradictions between urban and rural: relations, contradictions and interdependencies. Relations between city and countryside, and between cities, and processes of cooperation, cohesion and territorial competition: rural and urban development. State and public policies in the articulation between rural and urban.
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Khan, Aliya H., and Lubna Shehnaz. "Determinants of Internal Migration in Pakistan: Evidence from the Labour Force Survey, 1996-97." Pakistan Development Review 39, no. 4II (December 1, 2000): 695–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v39i4iipp.695-712.
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The process of migration has diverse economic, social and environmental implications for the places of origin and destination. In the context of balanced regional growth and sustainable regional development it is important to study how internal migration affects the patterns of population distribution within a country. The spatial distribution of population is influenced by the characteristics of the sending and receiving areas in terms of push and pull factors resulting in rural-urban, urban-urban, rural-rural and urban-rural migration flows. As economies transform from being predominantly rural to being predominantly urban societies, the process of urbanisation assumes a rapid pace. Individuals migrate from rural to urban areas as a rational human capital investment decision to reap economic rewards in the form of better economic opportunities and benefits. The consequences of rapid urbanisation are multi faceted and require timely responses by development planners and policy-makers to deal with pressures created on the infrastructure of large urban centres by the influx of migrants. However, in some developing as well as developed countries, lately, there have been signs of a change in the trend of the population distribution away from concentration in a few large cities towards a more widespread distribution in medium-sized urban centres. The other dimension of this rural-urban migrant outflow manifests itself in the changing labour market scenario in the rural economy which loses the more productive members of its labour force to the urban economy.
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England, Scott. "Long run equilibrium: convergence within an urban and rural regional economy." Humanomics 22, no. 4 (October 2006): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/08288660610710737.
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BOGETIĆ, ŽELJKO. "REGIONAL, URBAN AND RURAL COMPONENTS OF INCOME INEQUALITY IN YUGOSLAVIA." Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 81, no. 3 (June 1990): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9663.1990.tb00771.x.
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Lv, Jing Qing, Pei Pei Liu, and Yan Wei. "A Quantitative Analysis of Regional Differences in Urban-Rural Integration - A Case Study of the Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 4748–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.4748.
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Applying composite index leading to an evaluation index system of urban-rural integration, using entropy method for secondary weighting, a model is constructed of quantitative analysis of the regional urban-rural integration. This paper has made a quantitative analysis of the development levels of regional urban-rural integration in the case of the Shandong Peninsula Blue Economic Zone. The research results show that in the problem of multi-target integrated evaluation, the application of composite index, constructing evaluation index system, enables the evaluation process to cover more assessment information without any increase in calculation steps. Application of the model presented in this paper makes feasible a quantitative analysis of the regional urban-rural development.
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Calero, Claudio, and Lindsay W. Turner. "Regional economic development and tourism: A literature review to highlight future directions for regional tourism research." Tourism Economics 26, no. 1 (October 18, 2019): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354816619881244.
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This article reviews the literature on regional economics and economic geography, in connection with tourism to identify theoretical models, attempting to explain the role of tourism in regional development and growth, and their empirical applications. The review finds that in their early days, theories of regional development did not include tourism, mainly because the regional economics and location research community did not consider tourism significant enough to influence economic development but also because regional science researchers tend to give priority to manufacturing above services, while development planners tend to prioritize urban above rural. This neglect of tourism as a research field in its own right has led the tourism sector to develop its own scholarly agenda suitable to their own business needs, such as destination competitiveness and tourism promotion. The literature review here concludes upon suggested future directions required to further develop regional tourism research as a study based on economic development and growth.
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Zhao, Hongbo, Xiao Zheng, and Lin Yang. "Does Digital Inclusive Finance Narrow the Urban-Rural Income Gap through Primary Distribution and Redistribution?" Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 12, 2022): 2120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042120.
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Excessive income gap (IG) between urban and rural areas harms the quality of economic development, and imbalanced primary distribution (PD) as well as redistribution (RD) are considered to be the main factors contributing to the urban–rural IG. Does digital Inclusive Finance (DIF) affect the urban–rural IG through PD and RD? This paper empirically studies the impact of digital inclusive finance on Chinese urban–rural IG from the perspectives of PD and RD respectively, through updated and comprehensive provincial data, using the method of mediating effect. The results show that DIF narrowed China’s urban–rural IG with regional differences. Meanwhile, DIF also narrowed the urban-rural IGs in PD and RD, both with regional heterogeneity. Moreover, narrowing the urban–rural IG of PD exerted a mediating effect on the general urban–rural IG, while narrowing the urban–rural IG of RD did not. The results are helpful for DIF to better narrow urban–rural IG. Therefore, countermeasures are put forward for DIF to apply from the perspectives of PD and RD.
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Chen, Lingling, and Wei Shen. "Spatiotemporal differentiation of urban-rural income disparity and its driving force in the Yangtze River Economic Belt during 2000-2017." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): e0245961. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245961.
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The income imbalance between urban and rural areas has seriously affected social fairness and justice and has become a key factor restricting the sustainable development of the economy and society. The analysis of the spatiotemporal laws and causes of urban-rural income disparity is of great significance to realizing the coordinated and integrated development of regional urban and rural areas. In this study, the coefficient of variation, Theil decomposition index, spatial autocorrelation method and GeoDetector model were used to analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of the urban-rural income gap and its driving force in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2000 to 2017. The results show that the per capita disposable income of urban and rural residents in the study area shows a trend of rapid growth from 2000 to 2017. The urban-rural income gap in the study area showed an inverted "U"-shaped development process as a whole, and the relative difference showed an increasing trend. Regarding the spatial pattern, the study area showed a significant east-west differentiation pattern. The spatial distribution of the urban-rural income gap in the study area has an obvious positive spatial correlation, that is, the phenomena of high-value agglomeration and low-value agglomeration were significant. The economic development level, the industrial structure, the regional development policy, transportation, topographical conditions and resource endowments can strongly explain the spatial differentiation pattern of the urban-rural income gap in the study area. The spatial differentiation pattern of the urban-rural income gap is affected by both natural factors and socioeconomic factors. Among them, socioeconomic factors are the dominant factors, followed by natural factors. There is a significant interaction between natural factors and socio-economic factors, and the combination of socio-economic factors and adverse natural factors can significantly affect the regional urban-rural income gap.
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Yang, Jiangli, Fenling Fu, and Yaoyao Feng. "Analysis on Modernization Measures of Regional Governance Ability of Xi 'an Urban and Rural Integration." BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 19 (August 30, 2022): 697–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v19i.1815.
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With the development of urbanization, the urban scale of Xi'an continues to expand, and the surrounding counties and villages are administratively divided into the urban development planning of Xi'an. However, the traditional urban-rural dual economic situation has not changed, especially in the urban-rural junction area, the residents' income gap is large, the distribution of infrastructure and public facilities is obviously unbalanced, and the regional governance capacity is significantly different from the main urban area. Through the analysis of the problems in the regional governance of urban-rural integration in Xi'an, and with the help of advanced artificial intelligence technology, the measures to improve the regional governance capacity of urban-rural integration, such as changing the governance concept, enhancing the people's collaborative participation, accelerating the construction of professional personnel, and promoting the modernization of urban governance by accelerating the construction of digital intelligence technology infrastructure, are proposed to change the status quo of Xi'an's dual economy and realize real urban-rural integration, and build a modern pattern of urban governance in Xi'an metropolis.
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Braga, Gustavo Bastos, Paula Cristina Remoaldo, and Ana Louise de Carvalho Fiúza. "A methodology for definition of rural spaces: an implementation in Brazil." Ciência Rural 46, no. 2 (October 9, 2015): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20150464.
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ABSTRACT: Rural spaces definitions are differentiated in several countries. The Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has standardized a rural definition by regional typology. The OECD regional typology set areas as Predominantly Urban, Intermediate, or Predominantly Rural. This paper analyses the application of OECD regional typology in Brazilian territory. The research used the OECD methodology, with support of GIS software, to define the rural areas in Brazil. The mostly segmented data from Brazilian Census of 2010 are used in contrast to others studies. The paper concludes that Brazil is more urban than official estimates and OECD reports. According to paper results, 87.48% of Brazilian population is urban and only one Territorial Level 3 region was classified as predominantly rural.
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Arora, Akarsh, and S. P. Singh. "So why is Uttar Pradesh still poor? Poverty incidence and its correlates." International Journal of Social Economics 44, no. 12 (December 4, 2017): 2351–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-05-2016-0135.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the regional profile of poverty in Uttar Pradesh, one of the most populated and impoverished states of India. It also identifies the factors underlying the inter-regional differences of poverty in the state. Design/methodology/approach Regional estimates have been evaluated by dividing the state into four economically classified regions (Western, Central, Southern, and Eastern), using the unit-level records of two latest available Consumption Expenditure Surveys of NSSO representing the period 2009-2010 and 2011-2012. Poverty has been defined by the latest available Rangarajan Expert Groups’ poverty line and aggregated in terms of headcount ratio and share of below poverty line population. Furthermore, to investigate the correlates of poverty, a survey-based logistic regression has been estimated specifically for each region and for both rural and urban areas. Findings Estimates reveal that though overall poverty in the state has declined, inter-regional poverty trends witness rise in the level of impoverishment particularly in urban Southern Region (SR), rural Eastern Region (ER), and in both rural and urban areas of Central Region. Nevertheless, the inter-regional disparity in poverty has observed a decline; it can further be eliminated if such high poverty reduction in urban ER and rural SR is sustained along with a similar progress in their impoverished counterparts. Originality/value The study recommends that poverty alleviating policies in the state should focus more on reducing the household size, development of socially excluded sub-groups (Scheduled Castes and Other Backward Classes), delivery of basic facilities (education and health care), and enhancement of employment prospects for casual laborers, with special emphasis on identified impoverished regions.
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Baù, Massimo, Francesco Chirico, Daniel Pittino, Mikaela Backman, and Johan Klaesson. "Roots to Grow: Family Firms and Local Embeddedness in Rural and Urban Contexts." Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 43, no. 2 (August 31, 2018): 360–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1042258718796089.
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The present study analyzes the nexus among business growth, ownership structure, and local embeddedness—that is, the involvement of economic actors in a geographically bound social structure—in rural and urban contexts. This work combines regional economics with studies on family business and firm growth and uses a coarsened matched sample of privately held Swedish firms. The findings indicate that family firms benefit more than nonfamily firms from local embeddedness and as such they achieve higher levels of growth and that this effect is more pronounced in rural areas. Research implications are shared in the Conclusion section.
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Buchta, S., and Z. Štulrajter. "Divergence of some socio-economic indicators between rural and urban areas in Slovakia." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 53, No. 6 (January 7, 2008): 256–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/985-agricecon.
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The article is dealing with the evaluation of socio-economic development in Slovakia from the point of view of urban and the rural regions in 1999−2005, based on analysis of regional socio-economic indicators. This development is characterised by deepening differentiation between the urban and rural districts in the demographic structure of population, employment, unemployment, level of wages and salaries and private enterprising activities. Demographic structure in the rural regions, compared to the urban regions, is characterised by the increase of the share of population in post-productive age, ageing index and the unfavourable index of economic burden. Employment in the rural regions decreased at a more rapid rate than in the urban regions. From the unemployment point of view, there are significant regional differences in the SR. The worst affected are the regions of Eastern and south of Central Slovakia which suffer from the underdeveloped economic infrastructure, lower level of education, bankruptcy of the dominant industrial employers and a large share of agrarian population, where impact of transformation measures was the most severe. Unemployment rate in the rural regions was 2.2 times higher than in the urban regions in 2005. Growth rate of average wages and salaries is slower in the rural regions compared to the urban ones and the average of the SR. In the period of 1999–2005, the level of average wages and salaries in the rural regions accounted for 62.4% of average wages and salaries in the urban regions, during which the time trend of increasing wage disparity was continuing all the time. The trend of utilisation of cheap labour force for short part-time jobs is evident, particularly in the rural regions, which is in contrast to the growth of the standard of living and sustainable development of underdeveloped regions. The differentiation of economic level between urban and the rural regions is expressed also in the share of entrepreneurial entities in economically active population which tells against the rural regions in spite of the diminished differentiation in this indicator in 1999–2005. The declining rate of growth in number of entrepreneurs in the urban regions is a consequence of the saturation of spatial and employment opportunities, while there is a substantially larger potential of acceleration of private enterprising in the rural regions. Continuation of this development leads to the socially unacceptable differentiation and undesirable development of dual economies in the country and that is why it is necessary to solve this issue as a priority within the framework of the strategy of economic development of the SR.
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Guliyeva, Aida, Liliya Averina, Oleg Grebennikov, and Alexander Shpakov. "Regional gap in human capital: determinants of education and urbanization." E3S Web of Conferences 301 (2021): 03004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130103004.
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This paper studies the regional gap in human capital. Specifically, it focuses on the important determinants of this capital represented by such key factors as education and urbanization. We stress the importance of human capital for the economic growth and show how it can be important for the effective development of both urban and rural areas. This study examines the regional distribution and dynamics of human capital. Human capital is credited with a crucial role in the creation of economic growth. Additionally, we investigate how the exposure to the urban or rural environment affects the educational success of people worldwide. In addition, our paper studies the effects of migration on urbanization and education. Our results show that institutional factors can be a good proxy for explaining the relationship between human capital development and urbanization. Furthermore, it can be concluded that return to education is higher in urban areas compared to rural areas, and higher in highly educated cities compared to smaller towns. All of these creates some important implications for urbanization and education that can be used by the policy-makers and urban and rural planners for narrowing the regional gap in human capital and increasing the overall well-being and economic growth.
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Patrakova, Svetlana S. "Rural territories of the North of Russia: development priorities." Север и рынок: формирование экономического порядка 25, no. 4/2022 (December 20, 2022): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.37614/2220-802x.4.2022.78.007.
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Ensuring balanced spatial development of Russia is not possible without the implementation of measures for accelerated development of rural areas. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the need to adjust the priorities of rural development in the North of Russia based on the analysis of the regional state program “Integrated development of rural areas of the Vologda region”. The methodological basis is the developments of regional and spatial economics and economy of rural territories. The information base was the data of Federal State Statistics Service, reports of the Vologda Region state authorities, the results of surveys of the Vologda Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. We used methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison and correlation as well as regression analysis. The elements of scientific novelty are consideration of rural areas as an integral part of the region's space as well as integrated use of monographic, statistical and econometric methods in justifying the need to change the priorities of rural development. The expediency of adjusting the priorities of rural development in the direction of active advancement of their economy is revealed. It seems relevant to adjust priorities by including measures for the development of the rural economy, enshrined in the Strategy for Sustainable Development of Rural Areas of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2030, and measures to form a single rural-urban space. The prospect for research is justification of social and economic efficiency from the implementation of measures to improve the rural economy.
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Ding, Shuo. "A Comparative Analysis of Vulnerability to Poverty between Urban and Rural Households in China." Economies 10, no. 10 (October 6, 2022): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10100243.
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This study proposes a subjective poverty line for each household to quantify the vulnerability to poverty in urban and rural households by considering residents’ expectations and their propensity to compare their perceived welfare level with those of other community members. The findings show that the overall vulnerability incidence in urban households is lower than in rural households. The regional differential in terms of vulnerability to poverty continues to exist, but the western province in both urban and rural households has not shown a significantly higher vulnerability rate than in other regions. Educational qualification is a determinant of the vulnerability of rural residents, whereas it does not have remarkable positive effects on urban households. Meanwhile, the impacts of welfare systems upon both urban and rural households are larger than expected, while the coverage of them is incomplete and calls for government to implement more social reforms in order to mitigate the risk and buffer the vulnerability, and to adopt a more equalising approach (instead of unrestrained growth).
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SHI, SHIH-JIUNN. "Towards Inclusive Social Citizenship? Rethinking China's Social Security in the Trend towards Urban–Rural Harmonisation." Journal of Social Policy 41, no. 4 (July 16, 2012): 789–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279412000517.
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AbstractUrban–rural harmonisation has risen to prominence in recent social security reform in China. This article offers an account of the changing welfare institutions and social citizenship configurations unfolded by this particular policy approach. As social activism gained substantial weight as part of the regional developmental strategies of local governments, harmonisation efforts have led to a boundary shift of social citizenship largely defined by the within–without criterion rather than the urban–rural divide. In places where urban–rural harmonisation takes hold, the pivotal criterion for claiming social benefits is the possession of local resident status, regardless of whether this status is urban or rural. The heterogeneity of regional social security developments resulting from social decentralisation also calls attention to the ‘variable geometry’ of institutional change, i.e. various social policy domains manifest diverse degrees of institutional dynamics towards harmonisation. In this light, urban–rural harmonisation is likely to trigger competitive solidarity in terms of regional competition and emulation in economic development and social provision, leading to regional disparities that will shape the future contours of social policy and social citizenship in China.
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Zhao, Wei, and Changjun Jiang. "Analysis of the Spatial and Temporal Characteristics and Dynamic Effects of Urban-Rural Integration Development in the Yangtze River Delta Region." Land 11, no. 7 (July 12, 2022): 1054. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11071054.
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Urban-rural integration has been found to be an inevitable trend in the development of urban-rural relations and a vital measure to tackle the unbalanced and uncoordinated development between urban and rural areas. Most existing studies on the development of urban-rural integration have only estimated its level and factors and compared the heterogeneity of cities in sample regions. Few studies have focused on the interactions between different categories of urban-rural integration levels. Accordingly, to fill the above research gap, an evaluation index system of the development of urban-rural integration is built in this study from four economic-social-spatial-ecological dimensions, the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of the development of urban-rural integration in 27 central cities in the Yangtze River Delta region between 2003 and 2020 are analyzed, and the intrinsic dynamic shock effects are empirically investigated using a panel vector autoregression (PVAR) model. This study suggests the following points: (1) the development of urban-rural integration in the Yangtze River Delta region tends to increase while fluctuating and experiences an evolutionary process of “severe dysfunction–moderate dysfunction–mild dysfunction”, with an overall positive development trend. (2) In the study period, the agglomeration effect of the level of the development of urban-rural integration in the Yangtze River Delta has been strengthened continuously, and the overall spatial distribution pattern has changed from “low level, low gap” to “high level, high gap”, showing the characteristics of decreasing class distribution step by step, with Shanghai and Anqing as the markers from east to west. (3) All the endogenous variables of the development of urban-rural integration show a continuous positive response to their own shocks, thus suggesting that the respective variable has a certain path dependence on itself. Shocks of urban-rural ecological integration are capable of boosting the improvement of urban-rural economic integration and urban-rural social integration development, and shocks of urban-rural social integration contribute to the improvement of urban-rural ecological integration. The important policy implication of this study is that an intra-regional linkage and coordination mechanism should be built in the future, while the focus should be placed on the heterogeneity of regional development, and policies and measures regarding development of urban-rural integration in a disaggregated manner should be developed, so as to facilitate the improvement of the level of regional development of urban-rural integration.
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Tatebe, Jennifer. "The 'New': Small and Rural Schools' Influence on Regional Urban Developments." Australian and International Journal of Rural Education 31, no. 3 (November 26, 2021): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.47381/aijre.v31i3.301.
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Rapid urban development in small rural communities is occurring at an unprecedented pace in regional Aotearoa New Zealand. Despite this growth, rural schools are positioned at the margins of the planning process and the implications of this urbanisation trend remains unknown. This research challenges the notion of the rural-urban divide by locating rural schools as a key part of regional urban development and thus will be of interest to government officials, developers, educators, and local community interest groups. The study explores the social, economic and political impact of urban development on small and rural primary schools (N=6) in two of the fastest growing regions in the country. Interviews with school principals and focus group interviews with school boards of trustees were conducted. The findings suggest the emergence of new, complex and contested 'semi-rural' identity as an outcome of the uncertain and ever-changing demographic landscape. Varying school leadership and governance perspectives of urbanisation are placed on a spectrum, premised upon different experiences of the struggle to balance new, and often competing, parent and community aims and changing school populations. The findings contribute to theorising about the construction of rurality and its influence on the creation of a new urbanised semi-rural community identity. Findings offer the potential for knowledge sharing amongst rural schools currently or for others likely to experience rapid urbanisation in their communities in the future.
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Nicholas, Stephen, and Richard H. Steckel. "Heights and Living Standards of English Workers During the Early Years of Industrializations, 1770–1815." Journal of Economic History 51, no. 4 (December 1991): 937–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700040171.
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We employed data on the heights of English and Irish male convicts transported to Australia to assess the living standards of workers between 1770 and 1815. Falling heights of urban-and rural-born males after 1780 and a delayed growth spurt for 13- to 23-year-old boys revealed declining living standards among English workers during the Industrial Revolution. This conclusion was supported by the fall in English workers' heights relative to that of convicts transported from Ireland. Significant urban-rural and regional variations in English living standards were revealed by using regression techniques.
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Wilonoyudho, Saratri. "Urbanization and Regional Imbalances in Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Geography 49, no. 2 (December 27, 2017): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.13039.
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The level of urbanization that occurred in Indonesia at this time is remarkable that causes the growth of cities very rapidly. The growth of cities is mainly due to various reasons such as the capitalization process, regional enlargement/reclassification, as well as migration from rural to urban. The growth of cities leads a lot of problems like environmental degradation, traffic congestion, poverty, crime and other social conflicts. Such a rapid rate of urbanization is a reflection of the inequity between rural and urban development. Lack of employment opportunities in the village causes the population to go into town to find work. The imbalance of development that occurs is a result of implementing a liberal economic system that only emphasizes growth, while on the other side of the agricultural sector is not paid any appropriate attention. The farmers are at a very weak and do not have a good bargaining position, with the exchange rate is very lame. Even regarding with the foodstuffs such as rice, wheat, sugar, salt, etc., Indonesia has to import from abroad. The imbalances of development do not only occur between rural and urban, but also between Java and the outside of Java, and between western and eastern Indonesia regions. This imbalance should be found a solution, with good management and equitable development, including the political will to reform the economic system in favor of the Indonesian people.
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Hennebry, Barraí. "The economic resilience of Irish counties for subsequent recessions and the impact of population distribution on resilience." R-Economy 6, no. 3 (2020): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/recon.2020.6.3.012.
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Relevance. Much research was undertaken on regional economic resilience after the financial crisis of 2008. The current crisis caused by Covid19 provides an opportunity to understand further the nature of regional economic resilience. It also provides an opportunity to analyse the urban-rural divide of economic resilience for two recessions. Research objective. There are two main objectives of this study Firstly, to understand if resilience to one recession provides a good indication of resilience to a subsequent recession. The second aim is to understand the urban-rural differences in regional economic resilience in Ireland. Data and methods. This is a quantitative study which uses data from the Irish Central Statistics Office regarding unemployment and population distribution. To understand economic resilience a sensitivity index is used and to check for correlation the Pearson coefficient is used. Results. Results show that there is no correlation between resilience to the financial crisis and resilience to the Covid19 crisis. Population distribution was not a determinant of resilience to the financial crisis. However, population distribution was a determinant of resilience to the Covid19 crisis. Counties with high population in ‘independent urban towns’ or ‘rural areas with moderate urban influence’ were more resilient while counties with high population in ‘satellite urban towns’ or ‘rural areas with high urban influence’ were more vulnerable. Conclusions. Economic resilience to one recession is not a good indication of resilience to future recessions. Counties with population in urban centres or more reliant on urban areas were less resilient to the Covid19 crisis.
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Gao, Yanyan, Jianghuai Zheng, and Maoliang Bu. "Rural-urban income gap and agricultural growth in China." China Agricultural Economic Review 6, no. 1 (January 28, 2014): 92–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-02-2012-0016.
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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the effect of rural-urban income gap on agricultural growth in China and its dynamics over time and across regions since reform and opening up. Design/methodology/approach – Two types of indices are constructed to measure the rural-urban income gap: the intra-provincial index and the inter-provincial index. A provincial panel data from 1978 to 2010 and growth accounting method are used to estimate the size of the adverse effect of rural-urban income gap on agricultural growth in China. Findings – The empirical results show that both indices of rural-urban income gaps are negatively associated with agriculture output, but the inter-provincial rural-urban income gap produces a larger adverse effect than the intra-provincial rural-urban income gap. Growth accounting analysis further shows that such adverse effects are decreasing over time and are larger in the central provinces. The results represent resource diversion effects of rural-urban income gap on agriculture. Originality/value – This paper bridges the gap in existing literature on the relationship between sectoral income gaps and agricultural growth, which confirms Schultz's argument that agricultural activities are efficient even in developing countries and the rural resources diverted out by income gap are not surplus. The results imply that equalized rural-urban and regional policies are required to maintain sustainable agricultural growth in China.
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Liu, Weidong, Michael Dunford, Zhouying Song, and Mingxing Chen. "Urban–rural integration drives regional economic growth in Chongqing, Western China." Area Development and Policy 1, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 132–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23792949.2016.1151758.
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Xiong, Mingzhao, Wenqi Li, Brian Sheng Xian Teo, and Jaizah Othman. "Can China’s Digital Inclusive Finance Alleviate Rural Poverty? An Empirical Analysis from the Perspective of Regional Economic Development and an Income Gap." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 18, 2022): 16984. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416984.
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Digital inclusive finance (DIF) plays an active role in preventing poverty-stricken groups from returning to poverty and reducing poverty. This paper empirically tests the impact of DIF on rural poverty alleviation using panel data from 30 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2020 as a sample. It employs multiple linear regression, mediation effect models, and threshold effect models. The results show that: (1) DIF and its three sub-indicators (coverage breadth, depth of use, and digitalization degree) have significant poverty reduction effects, and the findings hold even when endogeneity is taken into account; (2) a study of regional heterogeneity found that DIF and its sub-indices, coverage and depth of use in the eastern region, have the greatest effect on the poverty alleviation of rural residents, and the effects in the central and western regions have the least effect; (3) the mediation effect test found that DIF could indirectly promote poverty alleviation in rural areas by promoting regional economic growth and narrowing the urban-rural income gap. The Sobel test shows that the mediating effect of regional economic growth is greater than the mediating effect of the urban-rural income gap; (4) it is found through the threshold effect test that regional economic growth has a double threshold effect on rural poverty alleviation, and as the threshold value continues to increase, the poverty reduction effect increases in turn. Therefore, this paper puts forward policy suggestions for the aspects of accelerating the development of DIF in rural areas, implementing regionally differentiated poverty reduction strategies according to local conditions, promoting regional economic growth, and narrowing the urban-rural income gap.
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Li, Ting, and Jing-Ya Li. "Is farmland financial innovation narrowing the urban-rural income gap? A cross-regional study of China." PLOS ONE 17, no. 6 (June 3, 2022): e0269503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269503.
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Over the past four decades, China’s economy has experienced tremendous economic growth but also a widening urban-rural income gap. Given the dilemma of the urban-rural income gap in China explained by neoclassical equilibrium theory, this paper attempts to provide a new theoretical explanation for the large-income gap between urban and rural areas in China. We select data from 30 provinces(cities) in China over the period from 2006 to 2017 as a sample to investigate whether and how the degree of farmland financial innovation narrows the urban-rural income gap. The results show that the coefficient for farmland financial innovation is significantly negative at the 1% level, signifying that financial innovation can narrow the urban-rural income gap in China. The mediation effect test provides evidence that farmland financial innovation narrows the urban-rural income gap by promoting the permanent migration of the labor force and upgrading the industrial structure. Our results indicate that the government should promote various forms of farmland financial innovation, establish rural property rights transaction system and free farmers from deep farmer-land attachment to realize permanent labor migration.
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Rozelle, Scott, Li Guo, Minggao Shen, Amelia Hughart, and John Giles. "Leaving China's Farms: Survey Results of New Paths and Remaining Hurdles to Rural Migration." China Quarterly 158 (June 1999): 367–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741000005816.
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One of the striking outcomes of China's economic reforms is the emergence of inter-regional labour markets as rural workers have poured into the nation's urban and rural economies. Policy makers in China, as elsewhere in the world, have treated the inter-regional migrant labour force with ambiguity. Migration may increase efficiency, contribute to poverty reduction and make China's economy more competitive, but leaders fear the congestion, social unrest and loss of political control which might accompany an increasingly mobile labour force.
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Medwin, Ivan, Janviter Manalu, and Mujiati Mujiati. "ANALISIS KARAKTERISTIK KAWASAN PERI URBAN DI KABUPATEN YALIMO PAPUA." Jurnal ELIPS (Ekonomi, Lingkungan, Infrastruktur, Pengembangan Wilayah, dan Sosial Budaya) 5, no. 2 (June 17, 2022): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/jurnalelips.v5i2.2401.
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The peri-urban area is a dynamic area and continues to develop in various aspects along with the development of the city and the surrounding area, so that it can shift its rural appearance towards urban areas. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the characteristics of the peri-urban area based on physical, social and economic aspects in Yalimo Regency and to analyze regional development efforts and strategies according to the potential of Yalimo Regency, Papua.The research method used is quantitative and qualitative research, based on existing secondary data, namely the number and distribution of the population, density level, physical data and community economic data in Yalimo Regency, so that the classification of peri-urban areas (WPU) can be determined. SWOT analysis is used to determine the potential and obstacles/constraints of regional development. The results obtained are in terms of a). the physical aspect of Elelim District is included in Secondary Peri-urban, Apalapsili District is included in Rural Peri-urban, and Abenaho District is included in Secondary Peri-urban, b) social aspects of Elelim District, Apalapsili District and Abenaho District are included in Peri-urban Rural, c ) the economic aspects of Elelim District, Apalapsili District, and Abenaho District are included in the Peri-urban Rural.
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Syahrani, Hilda, Agus Purwoko, and Rujiman Rujiman. "THE ANALYSIS OF RURAL-URBAN LINKAGE IN ACEH SINGKIL DISTRICT." JURNAL GEOGRAFI 13, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.24114/jg.v13i1.18134.
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Aceh Singkil District is an agricultural area whose the economic activities are dominatated by the farm. There are indications that the economic linkages between rural and urban area have not fully supported the oil-palm farm activities. It resulted the regional development process did not run optimally, so that, it has not made a significant contribution to the public’s welfare. This study aims to identify the economical linkage between the rural and urban areas in Aceh Singkil District. This study used a qualitative approach with the data collection methods through interviews that were descriptively analyzed. The economical linkage can be seen from the capital flow, the shopping flow, the raw material flow, the intermediate goods flow, and the income flow. Based on the linkages between urban and rural areas, it is related to the condition of regional development in Aceh Singkil District. The results showed that the economical linkage were well-established is the shopping flow, while the capital flow was less bind up with villages in the urban area. There were also the raw material flow, the intermediate goods flow, and the income flow that were not absolutely interrelated. The intermediate good flow was binding up with the outside region, so that the acquisition of added value entered other areas. The implication from the conditional linkage of rural and urban areas in the regional development context is that the rural and urban areas are less functionally intertwined. It resulted the high poverty rates in Aceh Singkil District.Keywords: Regional Development, Economical Linkage, Rural-Urban Areas, Oil-PalmKabupaten Aceh Singkil merupakan daerah pertanian yang kegiatan ekonominya didominasi perkebunan. Terdapat indikasi bahwa keterkaitan ekonomi antara perdesaan dan perkotaan belum sepenuhnya mendukung aktivitas perkebunan kelapa sawit. Hal ini mengakibatkan proses pembangunan daerah tidak berjalan dengan optimal sehingga belum memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keterkaitan ekonomi antara perdesaan dan perkotaan di Kabupaten Aceh Singkil. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara yang dianalisis secara deskriptif. Keterkaitan ekonomi ditinjau dari aliran modal, aliran belanja, aliran bahan baku, aliran barang setengah jadi, dan aliran pendapatan. Berdasarkan keterkaitan antara perdesaan dan perkotaan tersebut lalu kaitkan dengan kondisi pengembangan wilayah di Kabupaten Aceh Singkil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keterkaitan ekonomi yang terjalin dengan baik yakni aliran belanja, sedangkan aliran modal kurang terjalin dengan desa-desa yang berada di perkotaan. Adapun aliran bahan baku, aliran barang setengah jadi dan aliran pendapatan sama sekali tidak terjalin. Bahkan, aliran barang setengah jadi terjalin menuju keluar wilayah sehingga perolehan nilai tambah masuk wilayah lain. Implikasi dari kondisi keterkaitan perdesaan dan perkotaan dalam konteks pengembangan wilayah yakni wilayah perdesaan dengan perkotaan kurang terjalin secara fungsional. Hal ini mengakibatkan tingginya angka kemiskinan di Kabupaten Aceh Singkil. Kata Kunci: Pengembangan Wilayah, Keterkaitan ekonomi, Perdesaan Perkotaan, Kelapa Sawit
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Lisova, Olga, Vasily Erokhin, and Anna Ivolga. "Challenges to sustainable rural development in Russia: social issues and regional divergences." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 10, no. 1 (March 31, 2016): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2016/1/6.
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Paper aims at investigation of contemporary approaches to sustainable rural development in Russia. It includes the overview of current experiences in rural development, analysis of major economic and social indicators of rural areas in comparison with urban ones. Analysis included the set of indicators such as number of rural people, number of rural settlements, rates of births and mortalities, natural and migration increases and declines of population, rates of employment and unemployment, average monthly nominal per capita wages, and level of the subsistence minimum. Indicators have been measured separately for rural and urban areas; regions have been grouped in relation to the particular indicator. The research is concluded by discovery of growth points for rural development and a set of recommendations on perspective measures of state and local policies in rural areas, directed on increase of living standards of rural population and retention of labour resources in their traditional rural areas of inhabitation.
JEL: Q18, P25
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Qi, Dong Jin, and Jian Yun Zhou. "A New Framework of Urban and Rural Planning System in Guangdong." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 1689–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.1689.
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As the "Urban and Rural Planning Law " had been promulgated in 2008, the paper studied the context of socio-economic development and the actual situation of urban and rural development in Guangdong Province, drawing on the experience of the British planning system, proposing the framework of urban and rural planning system as "Provincial Spatial Plan" and "Local Development Plan", which including urban system planning, master plan, detailed plan, village plan four types. The new framework will streamline the planning system, reduce the levels of planning and clear the relationship between different types of planning, contributing to regional coordination in urban and rural areas.
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Zambon, Ilaria, Pere Serra, Rosanna Salvia, and Luca Salvati. "Fallow Land, Recession and Socio-Demographic Local Contexts: Recent Dynamics in a Mediterranean Urban Fringe." Agriculture 8, no. 10 (October 11, 2018): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture8100159.
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Urban settlements have globally expanded into rural land. Being influenced by complex socio-environmental dynamics and sometimes acting as a reserve of economic value, fallow land has characterized rural areas in a distinctive way over the last decades. The present work debates on the role of fallow land as a component of Mediterranean peri-urban landscapes, considering together different aspects from environmental/agronomic and regional science perspectives. An empirical analysis of the latent relationship between spatial distribution of fallow land, agricultural landscape (land-use, territorial, and topographic characteristics), and urban sprawl was carried out in a representative Mediterranean case study (Athens, Greece) evidencing the possible linkage between urban growth/containment, conservation of rural biodiversity/local traditions, and fallow land (intended as a candidate source of buildable land) in fringe districts. Urban growth at the local scale was contrasted with the spatial distribution of fallow land under sequential expansions and recessions of the regional economic system. Conservation of marginal rural land in fringe districts—including fallow land—is a necessary target of any sustainable land management strategy in metropolitan contexts experiencing rapid socioeconomic transformations.
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MUTO, Shinichi, Takayuki UEDA, and Takamasa INAGAKI. "Economic analysis of regional policies from the point of regional characteristic and rural-urban interaction." INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNING REVIEW 16 (1999): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/journalip.16.279.
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Ofem, Brandon, Bindu Arya, Walter J. Ferrier, and Stephen P. Borgatti. "Entrepreneurial Orientation, Collaborative Engagement, and Performance: Evidence From Rural Economic Development Organizations." Economic Development Quarterly 34, no. 3 (May 29, 2020): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891242420926576.
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This study examines the role of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and collaborative engagement on the performance of rural economic development organizations. The authors theorize that an organization’s EO and collaborative engagement, determined by levels of active engagement within a regional collaboration network, impact its ability to accomplish its goals, satisfy its stakeholders, and influence regional economic development. The authors’ analysis of data from 98 collaborating economic development organizations operating in the economically distressed region of eastern Kentucky shows that EO and collaborative engagement are positively associated with performance. This study provides actionable insights for leaders of economic development organizations seeking to improve their operations.
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Esina, Yulia L., and Natalya M. Stepanenkova. "Improving the Regional Investment Policy Using an Integrated Programme of Rural Development." Economy of Region 17, no. 1 (March 2021): 262–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2021-1-20.
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Nowadays, authorities pay more attention to the problems of regional development, reduction of socio-economic inequality of rural and urban areas, improvement of the efficiency of the agriculture, and degradation of rural population. All those issues are considered in the state programme of the Russian Federation «Integrated Development of Rural Areas». Thus, we assess whether the goals set in the state programme were achieved and substantiate the priority areas for future investment. We hypothesise that the achievement of the goals set at the federal level depends on the quality and implementation of rural development programmes adopted at the regional level. We revealed the uneven economic, social, infrastructural development, investment imbalances in various areas, changing sources of funding in the process of problem solving, lack of clear goals of agricultural policy and statistical information on its indicators of achievement. Classification and generalisation of views of other researchers on the topic allowed us to scientifically prove the existence of social problems, income inequality between urban and rural population, poor infrastructure and insufficient funds allocated to support rural areas. Further, we developed an algorithm for comparing the main parameters of rural development in Lipetsk oblast and nearby regions, complying with the criteria set by the federal programme. Using this algorithm, we assessed the effectiveness of the measures taken. We identified the most sensitive problems to be solved for reducing territorial inequality and the lag in socio-economic development, and increasing the competitiveness and attractiveness of Lipetsk oblast in terms of living conditions and investment. Finally, we proposed and substantiated the main directions of improving the regional investment policy. Regional authorities can use the research results in the implementation of the rural development policy
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Zheng, Cheng Bo. "The Problems and Thinking of Planning and Construction in Rural Communities under New Urbanization." Applied Mechanics and Materials 584-586 (July 2014): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.584-586.399.
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Promoting new urbanization is urban and rural development to solve the "three rural" issue, the only way to achieve modernization in rural areas, is an important way to solve the "three rural" issue is to promote balanced regional development of strong support, with the economic and social rapid development, increasing people's living standards, housing, environmental requirements are also increasing, but the face of the land uncontrolled urbanization serious regional environmental quality of urban decline, ecological damage is more common, and many other problems. Described the outstanding issues of community planning and construction of small towns and rural work under the new urbanization exist, and propose relevant measures for policy makers, builders reference.
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Pavel, Alexandru, Bogdan Andrei Moldovan, Karima Kourtit, and Peter Nijkamp. "Urban or Rural: Does It Make A Difference for Economic Resilience? A Modelling Study on Economic and Cultural Geography in Romania." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (May 6, 2020): 3776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093776.
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This article aims at investigating and measuring the economic resilience of local communities (43 urban and 403 rural) in Romania. The study focuses on the implications of the deep economic and financial crisis from 2008 to 2011 and explores the capacity of Romanian local economies in the North-West region to respond to these events. The research consists of developing an appropriate framework for assessing and quantifying community economic resilience, based on previous research of existing literature, and of measuring local economic development through a composite indicator by aggregating a series of variables using principal component analysis. The results show some striking differences between urban and rural communities in terms of impact, recovery, and performance compared with a pre-crisis level. Through regression analysis we were able to not only identify the determinants/explanatory factors for high-impact resilience that helped the recovery after an economic shock, but also the resilience drivers for ‘bouncing forward’ after the crisis, for both urban and rural communities. Our findings show an interesting change in the regional economy: some economic activities from the large urban areas in Romania moved to the nearby rural areas.
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Kurnia, Adib Ahmad, Ernan Rustiadi, Akhmad Fauzi, Andrea Emma Pravitasari, and Jan Ženka. "Probing Regional Disparities and Their Characteristics in a Suburb of a Global South Megacity: The Case of Bekasi Regency, Jakarta Metropolitan Region." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 12, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi12020032.
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The Jakarta metropolitan region (the Jakarta megacity), located in the fourth most populous country in the world (Indonesia), is the largest urban agglomeration in the Global South—continues to grow, especially in its outer suburbs (Bekasi Regency). The governments (Central and Local) tend to implement an urban-biased policy (UBP) to connect Bekasi Regency into global production networks and boost Bekasi Regency’s income. However, previous case studies of China and Vietnam have revealed that the UBP increases economic disparities between urban and rural areas. Therefore, this study probes urban–rural economic disparities and their characteristics at a microregional level (desa/kelurahan) in the Bekasi Regency. The methods applied in this study are geographically weighted regression (GWR), RULT index, and quantitative zoning. The results show that almost all desa/kelurahan in the high poverty (HPv) cluster are rural neighborhoods (desa/kelurahan with rural characteristics). By contrast, only 5% of desa/kelurahan with urban characteristics are HPvs, while the remainder are in the low poverty (LPv) cluster. Rural neighborhoods with HPv tend to have a high percentage of households dependent on agriculture. Thus, empirical results (with a case of a Global South megacity suburb) further support previous evidence that the UBP has caused urban–rural economic disparities.
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Wang, Yike, and Lingling Zhang. "Analysis on the Influence of Urban and Rural Economic Differentiation on the Development of Art Design Teaching." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2022 (August 24, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8137994.
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Art design education in China has nearly 30 years of development history. Due to China’s vast territory, a large population, regional economic development, and social resources are extremely unbalanced, resulting in the uneven development of art design education in various regions. Art design is not only a practical and artistic comprehensive discipline, it also spans more majors. It contains almost all aspects of urban and rural construction, beautification, so its scientific and effective design scheme indirectly affects the future development process of urban and rural economy. First, this paper analyzes the impact of urban and rural economic development on art design teaching. The research results show that it has a great influence and a wide range of influence on art design teaching, including enhancing the naturalness of art discipline, promoting the creativity of art design discipline, and promoting the historicity of art discipline. Second, this paper also analyzes the role of art design in promoting regional economic development. For example, we should make full use of regional cultural differences, expand regional historical elements, pay attention to art design talents, and ensure the supply of funds.
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Wang, Jing, Yurui Li, Qianyi Wang, and Kee Cheok Cheong. "Urban–Rural Construction Land Replacement for More Sustainable Land Use and Regional Development in China: Policies and Practices." Land 8, no. 11 (November 12, 2019): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8110171.
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With the rapid development of urbanization and industrialization, land exploitation in China has caused a decrease of cultivated land, posing a threat to national food security. To achieve the goals of both economic development and cultivated land protection, China launched an urban–rural land replacement measure supported by a new land use policy of “increasing vs. decreasing balance” of construction land between urban and rural areas in 2008. Setting China’s urban and rural land use policies in a historical context and urban–rural sustainable development, this paper discusses four practices in Jiangsu Province, Tianjin Municipality, Shandong Province, and Chongqing Municipality. These practices achieved success in impelling agricultural modernization development, improving rural infrastructure and living circumstances, releasing the potential of rural land resources, and increasing cultivated land and urban construction land in the past decade. However, in some practices, problems, and even some conflicts, exist in the protection of farmers’ rights and interests. These challenges are discussed in the context of implementation. In order to better implement urban–rural construction land replacement and achieve better results, the authors argue that farmers’ rights and interests must always be put first and their wishes should be respected more, a consolidated urban–rural land market and a better land market mechanism should be founded, the supply of public goods and services for villagers should be further improved, and supervision and evaluation mechanisms should be further strengthened.
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Halbac-Cotoara-Zamfir, Rares, Gianluca Egidi, Rosanna Salvia, Luca Salvati, Adele Sateriano, and Antonio Gimenez-Morera. "Recession, Local Fertility, and Urban Sustainability: Results of a Quasi-Experiment in Greece, 1991–2018." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 20, 2021): 1052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031052.
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Fertility is a spatially non-stationary property of regional demographic systems. Despite the wealth of quantitative (micro–macro) information delineating short-term population dynamics in advanced economies, the contribution of economic downturns to local fertility has still been under-investigated along urban–rural gradients, especially in low-fertility contexts. Recent studies have assumed suburban fertility rates as systematically higher than urban and rural fertility rates. This assumption (hereafter known as the “suburban fertility hypothesis”) has been grounded on stylized facts and spatial regularities in advanced economies that reflect a significant role of both macro (contextual) and micro (behavioral) factors that positively influence fertility in suburban locations. To test the suburban fertility hypothesis at the macro-scale, the present study compares gross fertility rates from seven regional units of the Athens metropolitan area between 1991 and 2018. A refined spatial analysis of gross fertility rates during an economic expansion (1999–2008) and recession (2009–2018) was carried out in 115 urban, suburban, and rural municipalities of the same area. Experiencing sequential waves of economic expansion and recession, Athens’ socio-demographic dynamics were considered a sort of “quasi-experiment” for Southern Europe, linking late suburbanization with the multiple impacts of (rapid) economic downturns. Compared with both urban and rural locations, a higher fertility rate in suburban municipalities (15–20 km away from downtown Athens) was observed during the study period. However, a subtle distinction was observed during the economic expansion versus the recession. In the first period, the highest birth rates were recorded in industrial locations west of Athens, hosting economically disadvantaged communities with a relatively young population structure. With the recession, the highest fertility was associated with residential and service-specialized (wealthier) locations east of Athens, attracting resident population from neighboring areas, and better responding to crisis. The results of our study document how recent urban expansion and economic downturns have intrinsically shaped fertility dynamics, with implications for urban sustainability and social cohesion of metropolitan regions.
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Li, Weidong, Xuefang Wang, and Olli-Pekka Hilmola. "Does High-Speed Railway Influence Convergence of Urban-Rural Income Gap in China?" Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 21, 2020): 4236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104236.
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Transportation is an important factor affecting the balance of regional economic pattern. The construction of high-speed railway enhances the mobility of population, capital, technology and information resources between urban and rural areas. Will it further affect the income gap between urban and rural areas? Based on the nonlinear time-varying factor model, this paper analyzes the convergence of urban-rural income gap with the angle of high-speed railway. After rejecting the assumption of overall convergence in the traditional four economic regions, three convergence clubs of urban-rural income gap were found. For these ordered logit regression model is used to explore the initial factors that may affect the formation of “convergence club”. Empirical results show that the construction of High-speed railway has effectively narrows the urban-rural income gap in China, but it is not the cause of the formation of the three convergence clubs. The convergence effect of High-speed railway on the urban-rural income gap in China is still relatively weak.
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Wang, Lujing, and Ming Zhang. "Exploring the impact of narrowing urban-rural income gap on carbon emission reduction and pollution control." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 2, 2021): e0259390. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0259390.
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Over the past four decades, China have experienced rapid economic growth but also a widening urban-rural income gap and deteriorating air quality. Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2006 to 2017, this paper investigates the effect of narrowing the urban-rural income gap on carbon emission reduction and pollution control by using OLS method. The empirical results indicate that: the narrowing of the urban-rural income gap has a positive impact on pollution control, while there are regional differences in the impact on carbon emission reduction. In the perspective of the whole country and central and western regions, the narrowing of the urban-rural income gap is conducive to carbon emission reduction. However, the narrowing of the urban-rural income gap increases carbon emissions in the eastern regions where economic development is at high level. This paper provides a theoretical basis and policy reference for promoting urban-rural integration and construction of ecological civilization.
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Băncescu, Irina. "Rural - urban income gap and labour market in Romania." SHS Web of Conferences 95 (2021): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20219501003.
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Rural – urban income gap is an important social-economic development indicator for a society. A large rural - urban income gap within a society reveals a split of it into two distinct societies, one extremely poor compared to the other. In Romania, almost half of the resident population lives in rural areas (46.02% in 2019), while the urban-rural migration flow is higher than the traditional reverse flow since 1997. However, the country is characterized by regional economic disparities, Bucharest-Ilfov region being the most economically developed. Labour market in rural areas is underdeveloped, rural population being highly depended on subsistence agriculture. Furthermore, rural areas have a low level of income and living standards. In this paper, we analysis the rural-urban labour market dynamics and rural-urban income gap using a LMDI (logarithmic mean Divisia index) decomposition for 2005-2019 period. Factors such as income gap effect and structural rural income effect are considered. Results show that the total urban–rural income gap has decreased with 8.91%, while structural rural income effect contributed with an increase of only 0.63%, the income gap effect (of different employed population groups) being of -9.49%.