Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Urban runoff Computer simulation'
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Cave, Kelly A. "Evaluation of the effectiveness of BMP's for urban stormwater management: single-event simulation." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101316.
Full textM.S.
Zhu, Junlin. "Simulation and design of diversion and detention system for urban stormwater management." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94495.
Full textM.S.
Zhang, Fangli. "A particle-set distributed hydrological model for the dynamic simulation of surface runoff." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2017. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/472.
Full textGunawardena, E. R. N. "Computer simulation of runoff and soil erosion from small agricultural catchments in Sri Lanka." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333925.
Full textTadayon, M. "Computer simulation of signalized highway intersections." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372165.
Full textMahbub, S. M. Parvez Bin. "Impact of urban traffic and climate change on water quality from road runoff." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/47139/1/Parvez_Mahbub_Thesis.pdf.
Full textStanley, Christopher. "Flood Visualization for Urban Planning : An exploratory spatiotemporal visualization of storm water runoff in 2D and 3D." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21822.
Full textDeizman, Marcia McCutchan. "A computer simulation model for investigating the effect of land application of sludge on runoff water quality." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44629.
Full textMaster of Science
TANG, JUN. "Reconstructing The Evolution of Urban Districts: The Use of Computer-Generated Visual Simulation in Urban Design." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1029332263.
Full textJin, Jing. "INTEGRATING GIS AND HYDROLOGIC MODELING FOR LAND USE BASED FLOOD SIMULATION - A CASE STUDY OF MILL CREEK WATERSHED, SOUTHWEST OHIO." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin987521513.
Full textUmakhanthan, Kanagaratnam Civil & Environmental Engineering Faculty of Engineering UNSW. "Estimation of the spatio-temporal heterogeneity of rainfall and its importance towards robust catchment simulation, within a hydroinformatic environment." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/18668.
Full textIslam, Md Kamrul. "Nutrient removal from urban stormwater using floating treatment wetland system." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4936.
Full textID: 030422696; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.S.Env.E.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 70-74).
M.S.
Masters
Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Chiu, Yi-chang. "Generalized real-time route guidance strategies in urban networks." Access restricted to users with UT Austin EID Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3077621.
Full textTong, C. O. (Chung On) 1945. "A schedule-based transit network model." Monash University, Dept. of Civil Engineering, 1986. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/7935.
Full textZhou, Yi. "The macroscopic fundamental diagram in urban network: analytical theory and simulation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/49111.
Full textSingh, Ashish C. "Improving the survivability of agents in a first-person shooter urban combat simulation by incorporating military skills." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Fall2007/a_singh_111607.pdf.
Full textHernandez, Tatiana X. "Rainfall-Runoff Modeling in Humid Shallow Water Table Environments." Scholar Commons, 2001. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1537.
Full textDIXIT, VRUSHALI. "ASSESSING THE APPLICABILITY OF LINKING A HYDROLOGIC MODEL WITH GIS SIMULATION TO PLAN FOR STORM WATER RUNOFF CONTROL IN THE MILL CREEK WATERSHED OF CINCINNATI." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1025639157.
Full textHolbert, Sally Beth 1962. "Development of a geographic information system based hydrologic model for stormwater management and landuse planning." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/277108.
Full textAzevedo, Kyle Kellogg. "Modeling sustainability in complex urban transportation systems." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37289.
Full textCayré, Florent. "Méthodes volumes finis sur maillages non structurés pour la simulation numérique des écoulements incompressibles monophasiques et diphasiques /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1999. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textStein, Christopher Owen Alexander. "Emergency medical service response system performance in an urban South African setting: a computer simulation model." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9523.
Full textThis study investigated the effects of different response strategies, vehicle location strategies and vehicle numbers on response times in a simulated Emergency Medical Services system. The simulation was a computer model using discrete-event simulation and the model was based on Western Cape Emergency Medical Services operations in Cape Town. The study objectives were to (i) create the simulation model, (ii) determine the best-performing combination of explanatory factors and (iii) determine the effect of increasing vehicle numbers on response time performance. The simulation model took into account incident arrival rates, incident and hospital spatial distributions, vehicle numbers and dispatch practices in the modelled system. Verification and validation of the simulation model utilised a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. The validated simulation model was changed in two ways: (i) the response strategy was changed to either single or two-tier (the response model factor) and (ii) the vehicle location strategy was changed to either dynamic or static (the vehicle location factor). This yielded four individual models each representing one combination of these factors. Each simulation model was run for a simulated period of seven days. Output data were analysed using multivariate analysis of variance in order to identify differences in response time between the factor combinations. A single-tier model using dynamic vehicle locations produced the best response performance. This model was run repeatedly, increasing vehicle numbers incrementally with each run to assess the effect of increased vehicle numbers on response time performance. A doubling of vehicle numbers resulted in an 14% increase in the number of responses meeting the national performance target for high acuity incidents, while a seven-fold increase in vehicle numbers increased this to 15%. No further performance increases were seen beyond this with increased vehicle numbers. A 2% performance increase for lower acuity incidents was seen with the same increase in vehicle numbers. In the system modelled, increasing vehicle numbers should not be expected to realise anything more than small improvements in response time performance, at a high operational cost. Fine-grained dynamic deployment of vehicles in anticipation of system demand appears to be a more important determinant of response performance than vehicle numbers alone.
Hua, Sean (Sean X. ). "Mobility of the future : typologizing global cities for the simulation of future urban mobility patterns and energy scenarios." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119524.
Full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 67-69).
The MITEI-sponsored Mobility of the Future project sets out to create a viable framework for analyses and predictions of urban transportation behavior in response to inevitable changes such as improved vehicle technologies, emergence of novel transit services, and policy changes motivated by population growth and emission control. In order to feasibly simulate these scenarios on a global scale, we need to first determine a few prototypical cities that best represent the entire world, each exhibiting qualities that encompass the group to which it belongs. Our methodology for accomplishing this is centered around machine learning. After collecting and pruning relevant, up-to-date data, we perform dimension reduction and clustering to ultimately generate appropriate prototype cities. These cities will be used as test beds for future mobility scenario exploration and analyses.
by Sean Hua.
M. Eng.
Milger, Hannah, and Sara Gillgren. "Simulation of autonomous vehicles in an urban environment : An investigation on how basic models can create a realistic result." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för teknikvetenskap (SCI), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-168310.
Full textUnder den senaste tiden har det gjorts många framsteg inom utvecklingen mot att göra fordon förarlösa. Många verktyghar utvecklats för att få dem bete sig på olika sätt vid interagerandet av bemannad och obemannad trafik. Vidare sägs autonom körning komma med många fördelar, så somfärre trafikolyckor. Flertal projekt och initiativ har gjort det möjligt för banbrytande steg, både i hård- och mjukvara. Dock finns det fortfarande många olösta problem inom dessa områden. Denna rapport kommer att innefatta några av de nyligen utförda projekt som har haft stor betydelse. Ytterligare kommer en genomförd simulering av stadskörning med autonoma bilar att beskrivas. Ett styrsystem för bilarnas beteende, och olika typer av zoner används således för att implementera simuleringen. Målet är att ta reda på hur realistisk en simulering baserad på modeller från spelindustrin kan bli. Med bestånds delar så som rondeller och olika sorters korsningar utvärderas trafiksimuleringen. Några trafikfenomenhar rekonstruerats och jämförts med modeller från trafikdynamiken och verkliga företeelser. Till exempel utrönar ett test om simuleringen kan reproducera ett förväntat beteende vid stoppljus. Vi försöker även se om den förväntade prestandan vid rondellkörning samt körning i korsning uppnås vid lätt och tung trafik. Resultatet visar flertalet trafikproblem som kan hanteras av bilarnas beteendesystem. Slutsatsen kan dras att det ärmöjligt att skapa en realistisk simulering med modeller och metoder från datorspel.
Silva, Érica Vendramini. "Estudo do impacto dos parâmetros construtivos no microclima urbano em bairro residencial de Juiz de Fora - MG." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2012. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/1960.
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FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
O presente trabalho analisa o microclima urbano e as alterações de parâmetros da legislação edilícia e de uso de ocupação do solo que interferem neste microclima. Sendo assim, estabeleceu-se como objetivo verificar a influência e o impacto das Leis urbanas na condição microclimática local e no conforto dos moradores de uma área tipicamente residencial de um bairro central de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. A motivação é contribuir para um planejamento urbano sustentável da região. Os estudos elaborados basearam-se nas análises de três configurações urbanas: a configuração real levantada in loco, o máximo de ocupação permitida pela legislação vigente e o máximo permitido pela proposta de alteração desta Lei. Para os três casos foram realizadas simulações, por meio do software ENVI-met, obtendo resultados para as variáveis ventilação, temperatura e umidade relativa do ar. Os resultados sugerem que a área atual é capaz de, segundo a ocupação máxima permitida para a área, comportar maior densificação urbana, dependendo de soluções arquitetônicas para garantir níveis aceitáveis de conforto térmico.
The present study analyzes the urban microclimate and the changes in urban legislation parameters and in the use of soil spaces that interfere on this microclimate. Therefore, the aim was to verify the influence and the impact of urban Laws on local microclimatic conditions and comfort of the habitants on a typical residential area of the central district of Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. The motivation is to contribute to a sustainable urban planning of the region. The studies were based on the analysis of three urban configurations: the actual built configuration, the maximum occupancy allowed by the current legislation, and the maximum allowed by the proposal amendments to this Law. Simulations using the software ENVI-met were carried out for the three cases cited above obtaining results for the variables ventilation, temperature and relative humidity. The results indicate that, considering the maximum allowed occupancy of the area, the current area is able to hold a higher urban densification, depending on architectural solutions to keep the thermal comfort within an acceptable level.
Sik, Lingling. "GPU Ray Traced Rendering And Image Fusion Based Visualization Of Urban Terrain For Enhanced Situation Awareness." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/6020.
Full textPh.D.
Doctorate
Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
Engineering and Computer Science
Modeling and Simulation
Eggers, Patrick. "Parallelization of ray casting for solar irradiance calculations in urban environments." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Samhällsbyggnad, GIS, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-26144.
Full textShealey, Stephanie Lynne. "Evaluating developments of regional impact using TRANSIMS." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33888.
Full textAl-Anazi, F. K. "Vehicle journey time and delay on major urban highways : Vehicle movement on urban highways is examined by means of a computer simulation model, the effects of signal timing and pedestrian crossings are considered." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.234736.
Full textMuñoz, Pandiella Imanol. "Interactive weathering for realistic image synthesis of urban environments." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0089/document.
Full textBeing able to capture and synthesize realistic materials is an important research topic in Computer Graphics. In order to render realistic images it is not enough to represent materials reliably, but we also need to represent its temporal component. Simulation of weathering effects is the research area that pursues the incorporation of decay to virtual models. After studying the previous work, we have found that there is a lack of estimation methods for some important environmental parameters and a need of global models that consider the interactions of the environmental factors in big scenes. Moreover, we have observed that the improvement of current techniques need to incorporate real effects characteristics to avoid the current disconnection from the real processes. But, this need to be first analyzed and understood. In this thesis, we aim to improve weathering simulation in Computer Graphics in these three fronts. Concerning weathering factors estimation, we first propose to deal with an undervalued factor in weathering literature which is very important in aging processes: the sun. More specifically, we propose an interactive technique that estimates solar exposure on detailed urban scenes. Given a directional exposure map computed over a given time period, we estimate the sky visibility factor that serves to evaluate the final exposure at each visible point. This is done using a screen-space method based on a two-scale approach, which is geometry independent and has low storage costs. Our method results in an interesting technique not only in weathering simulations, but also in architecture, in sustainable building design and in the estimation of buildings’ energy performance. After that, we introduce a global model to simulate the changes of appearance of buildings due to pollution deposition. This process is very noticeable on urban scenes and, so far, no technique has dealt with it using a global approach. We propose a physically-based technique that considers pollution effects to depend on three main factors: wind, rain and sun exposure, and that takes into account three intervening steps: deposition, reaction and washing. With a low-cost pre-computation step, we evaluate the pollution distribution through the city. Based on this distribution and the use of screen-space operators, our method results in an efficient approach that generate realistic images of polluted surfaces at interactive rates. In addition, the pre-computation demands a reduced amount of memory to store the pollution map and, as it is independent from scene complexity, it can suit large and complex models adapting its resolution. Finally, in order to improve the understanding of weathering processes, we present a method to identify and map “scaling” weathering effects on stone monuments with very little user interaction
Fridlund, Joakim, and Oliver Wilén. "Parameter Guidelines for Electric Vehicle Route Planning." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-279555.
Full textDet finns ett brådskande behov att migrera bilindustrin från fossildrivna bilar till eldrivna bilar på grund av den rådande klimatpåverkan av fossila bränslen. Allmänheten verkar ha fördomar mot elbilar på grund av deras begränsade räckvidd och den ytterligare planering som krävs av en elbilsanvändare. Marknaden för elbilar är mer begränsad än marknaden för fossildrivna bilar. Delvis för att elbilsmarknaden är en mycket yngre industri men också för att köpa elbil är en större förändring än att köpa en vanlig bil. En elbilsförare måste använda bilen på ett annorlunda sätt på grund av den kortare räckvidden. Dessvärre så är det mer komplicerat att skapa en ruttplanerare för elbilar än för fossildrivna bilar, och marknaden för sådana ruttplanerare är begränsad. Problemet är att en optimal rutt för en elbil är beräknas mer effektivt med hjälp av lägsta energikonsumtionen istället för den kortaste vägen. Detta kräver mer parametrar i algoritmen för ruttplanering för att effektivt beräkna energikonsumtionen för individuella fordon. Problemet som hanteras i denna rapport är att det inte finns några tydliga riktlinjer om vilka parametrar som har störst påverkan på energikonsumtionen i en elbil. Syftet med denna rapport är att förse riktlinjer som visar vilka av nio valda parametrarna som är värda att implementera i en ruttplanerare för elbilar. Parametrarna som valdes är implementerade i trafiksimulatorn Simulation of Urban Mobility. Trafiksimulatorn används för att simulera elbilar och analysera förändringen i energikonsumtionen när parametervärdena stegvis ökas. Rapporten visar att även om vissa parametrar har en relativt stor påverkan på energikonsumtionen så är det svårt att uppskatta de korrekta värdena för dem. Dessa parametrar är därför inte värda att implementera.
Silva, Priscila Weruska Stark da. "O impacto das fachadas verdes nos microclimas urbanos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16132/tde-13092018-140952/.
Full textThe use of greenery on urban surfaces, normally green roofs or green facades has attracted the attention of researchers, entrepreneurs and the population in general for its benefits to buildings. Compared to green roofs, green facades may represent higher surfaces in tall buildings of densely occupied areas, increasing foliage mass and latent heat exchanges for the immediate environment, contributing to energy balance in urban areas. With a focus on green walls, this work carried out investigations about their inclusion in public policies, green walls\' technologies and microclimate performance studies. Despite the existence of numerous papers quantifying the effect of green surfaces on the thermal performance of buildings, there is limited available knowledge regarding their effects on urban microclimate. In this context, the aim of this work is to quantify the impact of green façades on urban microclimate at pedestrian level, considering the variables air temperature, air humidity, surface temperature, and mean radiant temperature. Based on the restrictions and resources of the ENVI-met model, which was adopted in this study, the research initially included a deductive exploratory method through measurements of leaf area density of climbing plants and monitoring of some microclimatic data at a green façade. In the next stage, the method was inductive, with sensitivity tests of the model in a hypothetical scenario, varying the leaf area index (LAI 0.5m²/m², 1m²/m² and 2m²/m²) and soil humidity (50% and 60%). The results confirm the localized microclimatic effects of the climbing green wall and a distinct behaviour between daytime and night time, equivalent to those caused by other forms of greenery in urban areas. At night, with the lack of evapotranspiration, cooling is more influenced by convective exchange. The effect of evapotranspiration is clearly perceived during the day due to a) the slight increase in air humidity by 1.0 g/kg at a temperature of 26°C, and b) the decrease of air temperature, when compared to the scenario without vegetation, of 0.17 °C, 0.36 °C and 0.68 °C (for LAI=0,5m²/m², 1,00m²/m² and 2,0m²/m²), for a 50% soil humidity, mainly in the leeward direction. The effects of greenery on mean radiant temperature, despite the LAI increase, are quite localized, making its influence practically imperceptible on the outdoor microclimate under the effect of solar radiation. The increase of soil humidity from 50% to 60% results in increased evapotranspiration leading to a maximum reduction around 0.36 °C on air temperature, at 1.5 m from ground level, for the same LAI. Vegetation shading results in insignificant variation in mean radiant temperature. Sensitivity tests show that the model is suitable for further studies, justifying an investment in future research aiming at calibration between measured and simulated microclimate data for green walls in tropical and subtropical climates and the microclimatic simulation of urban areas with green walls\' technology.
Goolsby, Matthew Allen. "Viability study of a residential integrated stormwater, graywater, and wastewater treatment system at Florida's Showcase Green Envirohome." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4767.
Full textID: 030646271; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.S.Env.E.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-129).
M.S.Env.E.
Masters
Civil, Environmental and Construction Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Environmental Engineering
Pietsch, Susan Mary. "The effective use of three dimensional visualisation modelling in the routine development control of urban environments : a thesis submitted to Adelaide University in candidacy for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php626.pdf.
Full textAraújo, Iuri ávila Lins de. "Influência da luz natural refletida pelo entorno na iluminação de edifícios no trópico úmido." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2006. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/684.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A construção do espaço urbano é uma atividade de grande impacto sobre a disponibilidade de luz natural. O desenho urbano pode conduzir a cidade a um maior aproveitamento da luz natural pelas edificações. Por outro lado as condições climáticas influenciam a disponibilidade dessa luz, devendo ser levadas em consideração pelos instrumentos normativos que condicionam o desenho da cidade. No trópico úmido, as proteções solares utilizadas para sombrear as aberturas podem reduzir consideravelmente o fator de céu, que tem sido o principal parâmetro para controlar a influência do entorno construído na iluminação natural. Esse efeito pode ser compensado pela disponibilidade considerável de luz refletida. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a influência do entorno construído e da luz refletida para a iluminação natural de edificações no trópico úmido, avaliando a eficácia do parâmetro fator de céu, a influência da orientação da abertura e a contribuição percentual da luz refletida pelo entorno. A metodologia adotada consiste em um estudo comparativo de diferentes modelos de entorno, através de simulações computacionais com o programa TropLux. As simulações adotaram a localização da cidade de Maceió-AL e o céu parcialmente nublado. Os resultados mostraram uma grande contribuição da luz refletida para a iluminação das edificações. O uso do parâmetro fator de céu para estimar o desempenho dos modelos mostrou-se mais eficaz quando utilizado em conjunto com a orientação da abertura. A partir dos resultados concluiu-se que uma abordagem mais adequada ao trópico úmido, para a definição de instrumentos normativos, deve dar atenção especial às refletâncias do entorno e à orientação das aberturas. Espera-se com isso contribuir para formar diretrizes de desenho urbano que orientem projetistas e planejadores no desenvolvimento de modelos urbanos que propiciem um aproveitamento adequado da luz natural no trópico úmido.
Grazziotin, Pablo Colossi. "Técnicas de incorporação de controle de acesso à luz solar em modelos computacionais de edificações." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/7843.
Full textThe benefits obtained from the available solar radiation in and around buildings are essential to urban planning. The inclusion of such features in the planning process has an expressive impact over land use, building density, land value, thermal comfort and energy saving. CityZoom is a computational decision support system for architecture and urbanism. The software provides an environment where performance models can be used in an integrated way, and automatically associated to Building Regulations. This work uses computer graphics techniques to assess the building access the sunlight availability to simulated buildings in the CityZoom environment. The performance model used to simulate the Building Regulations, BlockMagic, was extended to use a solar envelope calculation technique, allowing it to measure the effect of a simulated buildings on its immediate neighboring buildings. Tools for 2D and 3D visualization of the simulation results were also developed.
González, Ramírez Humberto. "Study of the choice behaviour of travellers in a transport network via a “simulation game” Travel time and bounded rationality in travellers’ route choice behaviour : a computer route choice experiment Unravelling travellers’ route choice behaviour at full-scale urban network by focusing on representative OD pairs in computer experiments." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSET008.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to find route choice models that scale-up at network level, i.e., models that predict the choices of travellers over the diversity of situations found in a transport network. The approach in this thesis to investigate travellers' behaviour in transportation networks is through computer-based experiments at large scale, for which a platform named the Mobility Decision Game (MDG), has been developed. The MDG permits to observe the choices of the participants on a diverse set of scenarios (OD pairs and routes) with varying traffic conditions and travel time information. In this thesis, the experiments focus on the route choices of uni-modal car trips that are based on the map of the city of Lyon, France. To attain the objective of this thesis, firstly a methodology to find OD pairs that are representative of the network is proposed. The representative OD pairs are used in route choice experiments to obtain choice models that generalise to the various OD configurations in the network. Secondly, the choices of participants in the experiments are analysed from the rational and boundedly rational behaviour perspectives, in order to establish the principle that best describe their choices. Finally, the choice models are assessed in terms of their predictive accuracy. This thesis is part of a European ERC project entitled MAGnUM: Multiscale and Multimodal Traffic Modeling Approach for Sustainable Management of Urban Mobility
Araujo, Pablo Andrey Arruda de. "Análise da mobilidade urbana através de dados da rede de telefonia móvel celular." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2014. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6115.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
With the economic growth experienced in recent years, many brazilian cities have also encountered problems such as population growth, congestion of vehicles and violence. At the same time, the purchasing power of the population has grown, allowing many of them to purchase new equipment, such as mobile phones, with Brazil surpassed the barrier of a cell phone per inhabitant. This study aimed to examine the feasibility of using computer simulation systems, using data from the mobile telephone network, aiming a system of urban monitoring usig vehicles. The results showed that the higher was the number of vehicles on public streets, most will hit rate with the data from the cellular network using the methodology of Erlang.
Com o crescimento econômico vivido nos últimos anos, muitas cidades brasileiras têm também se deparado com problemas como o aumento populacional, congestionamento de veículos e a violência. Ao mesmo tempo, o poder aquisitivo dos habitantes tem crescido, permitindo que muitos pudessem adquirir novos equipamentos, como os telefones celulares, tendo o Brasil ultrapassado a barreira de um telefone celular por habitante. Esse trabalho objetivou a analise de viabilidade do uso de sistemas de simulação computacional, utilizando dados da rede de telefonia móvel celular, visando um sistema de monitoramento urbano com veículos. Os resultados mostraram que, quanto maior foi o número de veículos em circulação nas vias públicas, maior será a taxa de acerto com os dados oriundos da rede de telefonia celular utilizando a metodologia de Erlang.
Nogueira, Aline Maria Pereira. "Configuração urbana e microclimas : estudo em loteamento horizontal de Maceió - Alagoas." Universidade Federal de Alagoas, 2011. http://repositorio.ufal.br/handle/riufal/725.
Full textFundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas
A interação do clima com a configuração e o uso do espaço urbano pode afetar de forma significativa as condições de conforto ambiental, determinando o microclima urbano. A pesquisa de mestrado avalia a qualidade microclimática de uma fração de um loteamento horizontal, no contexto urbano de Maceió-AL, através da análise das variáveis climáticas, considerando os atributos da configuração urbana existente (cenário atual), como também uma situação futura, quando da ocupação máxima edificada do loteamento (cenário futuro), de acordo com as prescrições urbanísticas atuais para o local. Os procedimentos metodológicos fundamentaram-se em uma ótica qualitativa através do diagnóstico das características da forma urbana da área estudada e análise da insolação do arranjo construtivo, e quantitativa, através de medições microclimáticas móveis, além de simulações computacionais do desempenho térmico e dinâmico, com o uso do programa ENVI-met versão 3.1. A análise da área confirmou a existência de microclimas diferenciados na malha urbana do loteamento estudado, de acordo com a ocupação do solo, orientação do arranjo construtivo e características térmicas das superfícies. Os resultados das simulações computacionais comprovaram uma diferença de até 6,6 °C na temperatura do ar e de até 0,44 m/s na redução da velocidade média do vento entre os dois cenários analisados, confirmando-se a influência de alguns atributos da forma urbana no comportamento microclimático, como: a densidade construída, as características termodinâmicas dos materiais de revestimento do solo, além da ausência de sombreamento caracterizada pela carência de arborização urbana. A partir dos resultados obtidos, evidencia-se a importância da avaliação climática como ferramenta para o planejamento urbano, e como esta pode orientar decisões projetuais para amenizar possíveis situações de desconforto em espaços urbanos.
Gogo-Abite, Ikiensinma. "Effluent Water Quality Improvement Using Silt Fences and Stormwater Harvesting." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5226.
Full textPh.D.
Doctorate
Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering
Talele, Suraj Harish. "Comparative Study of Thermal Comfort Models Using Remote-Location Data for Local Sample Campus Building as a Case Study for Scalable Energy Modeling at Urban Level Using Virtual Information Fabric Infrastructure (VIFI)." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404602/.
Full textPozzetti, Paulo Henrique. "Analise de simulação de cruzamento semaforizado." [s.n.], 2002. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257949.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T15:07:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pozzetti_PauloHenrique_M.pdf: 12770381 bytes, checksum: d6fce90f00c39040e03c0b8a9aa801ed (MD5) Previous issue date: 2002
Resumo: Da concorrência entre os elementos participantes do sistema de circulação surgem os conflitos, que em seus maiores graus de severidade se transformam em acidentes de trânsito. Estes acidentes devem ser analisados sobre diversos pontos de vista para que sua compreensão possa ajudar em medidas corretivas. Este trabalho visa identificar a influência de painéis dinâmicos de propaganda no tempo de percepção e reação do motorista, na visualização do conjunto semafórico, em cruzamentos com altos Índices de acidentes na cidade de São Paulo, através de simulação animada em 2D em ambiente computacional. Através dos dados sobre acidentes, foi selecionado na cidade de São Paulo, o cruzamento da Av. Rebouças com a Av. Brigadeiro Faria Lima para a simulação, definindo um modelo genérico envolvendo: distância de frenagem e distância percorrida durante os tempos de percepção. Para o teste de hipóteses variadas analisou-se a interferência dos parâmetros velocidade, tempo de percepção e campo de visão do grupo focal. O modelo foi elaborado através dos registros fotográficos do local, sendo gerados 36 filmes. Cada filme representava uma combinação diferente das variáveis. Os filmes foram apresentados para grupos de usuários para a identificação da cor do semáforo: o primeiro na Faculdade de Engenharia Civil da UNICAMP e o segundo na CET - Companhia de Engenharia de Tráfego - SP, totalizando 180 participantes. identificação da cor do semáforo: o primeiro na Faculdade de Engenharia Civil da UNICAMP e o segundo na CET - Companhia de Engenharia de Tráfego - SP, totalizando 180 participantes. Ao se analisar os dados obtidos nota-se que as variáveis com maior significância estatística, na visualização do grupo focal, para o modelo desenvolvido, foram as variáveis velocidade, tempo de percepção e a presença do painel. Surpreendentemente a presença do painel atrás do grupo focal contribui para uma correta identificação do semáforo. Observou-se que para velocidades maiores o nível de indefinição na identificação do semáforo é maior. A adoção de tempos de percepção e reação maiores que dois segundos são recomendáveis. Para o modelo desenvolvido não foram relevantes a familiaridade com o local e o ambiente em que os testes foram aplicados. Percebe-se que uma simulação animada em 2D montada em programa para ambientes de navegação para WWW pode incrementar a análise de segurança viária
Abstract: Conflicts emerge from the competition between elements participating in the circulation system, when these achieve severe degree traffic accidents occur. These accidents should be analyzed trom various points view so that its comprehension may indicate corrective measures. This work aims to identify the influence of dynamic publicity panels in the perception-reaction time of drivers in the visualization of light signals of intersections with high accidents rates in the city of São Paulo using an animated 2D simulation in a computer environment. The intersection of Rebouças Avenue and Brigadeiro Faria Lima Avenue was selected as the study site in the simulation. A generic model was defined using the breaking and traversed distance during perception time. The interference of the variables speed, perception time and environment behind the light signal was analyzed in the model. The animation was developed using photographs of the site generating 36 different films. Each film represented a different combination of variables. The films were presented to groups of users for their identification of the color of the light signal: the first group at the Faculdade de Engenharia Civil at UNICAMP and the second group at the Compania de Engenharia de Tráfego (CET) at SP, summing up to 180 participants. Data analyses pointed out that the variables with greatest statistical significance in the focal group for the developed model were speed, perception time and presence of the panel. Surprising1y, the presence of the panel behind the focal group contributes for the correct perception of the light signal. It was also observed that in higher velocities the indefinition in identification of the light signal is greater. There for, it is recommended the use of perception-reaction time higher then 2 seconds. In the developed model the variables familiarity with the site and group of users were not relevant. It can be conc1uded that the 2D animated simulation in computer environment increments the ana1ysis of traffic safety
Mestrado
Transportes
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
Roso, Vinícius Rückert. "CICLOS REAIS DE CONDUÇÃO VEICULAR EM SANTA MARIA E SEUS IMPACTOS EM CONSUMO E EMISSÕES." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/8393.
Full textObjetivando a melhoria na qualidade do ar urbano e o atendimento à legislação, a tecnologia veicular está em constante desenvolvimento. O foco está em técnicas para redução, tanto do consumo de combustível quanto de emissões de gases do efeito estufa. As tecnologias, entretanto, possuem diferentes impactos dependendo da cidade, das condições de tráfego e do planejamento, assim como demais fatores socioeconômicos e culturais que interfiram no modo de condução. Com isso, ciclos padrões de condução, como NEDC e FTP75, por exemplo, não representam com propriedade a condição atual de tráfego e estão sendo gradativamente substituídos pelos ciclos reais de condução. Esta dissertação objetiva analisar o impacto de ciclos reais no trânsito urbano da cidade de Santa Maria- RS, no âmbito de emissões e consumo de combustível. Dados de ciclos reais de condução foram coletados para meios de transporte motorizados e introduzidos em modelos computacionais, visando simular um veículo percorrendo o trajeto pré-estabelecido. Assim, avaliaram-se carros de passeio e ônibus urbanos em diferentes condições de tráfego. Em posse dos resultados foram realizadas as comparações com ciclos padrão existentes, onde verificaram-se subestimações de mais de 50% nas emissões por ciclos padrão frente à condições reais de tráfego intenso. A simulação de sistemas para a redução nas emissões de poluentes em motores Diesel, operando em condições reais, confirmou reduções de mais de 90% nas emissões de MP, CO e HC e de 40% nas emissões de NOx.
Sorensen, Gerrit Addison N. "A Flexible Infrastructure for Multi-Agent Systems." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2005. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd875.pdf.
Full textVieira, Marcos Stefanelli. "Influência das edificações na propagação de ondas eletromagnéticas geradas por descargas atmosféricas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3142/tde-15072016-150045/.
Full textAtmospheric discharges represent one of the main causes of interruption in power supply to consumers, and although they have more intense effects when direct impact on energy lines, are the case of indirect discharges that draws more attention, since they occur more frequently. Both the first discharges, occurring generally with greater intensity of current, as subsequent discharges that have shorter front time associated, radiate electromagnetic fields which engage with the electrical networks generating surges that can cause so much disruption of power supply as damage to the equipment. The presence of buildings in the lightning incident area affects the propagation of the radiated waves, creating different patterns of resultant fields, which are responsible for induced overvoltages. Although both the lightning itself and characterization of the surrounding environment are of a complex nature for its representation, structured computational tools can represent satisfactorily the phenomenon, such as the software tool developed here using the finite difference time domain method. This work presents two studies to verify the influence of buildings in the propagation of lightning irradiated field. The first study assessed the behavior of the components of the electric field and magnetic field irradiated, by comparing results obtained with and without the presence of buildings in a small region. Both the geometric parameters of the three buildings considered in this study, as the permittivity and electrical conductivity of the soil and buildings, were changed to identify their influence on radiated fields. The results showed different behaviors of the components of the resulting field due to the variation of these parameters, observing polarity inversion, oscillations in the waveform and either a reduction or increase of the field value. The second study evaluated a more general case where the vertical component of the electric field was taken at nine different points of a typical urban area, in the presence of 102 buildings. The field values evaluated at each point, ten meters above the ground, considered the effect of 28 different random lightning, which hit the top of a given building. The results of this second study showed that except in cases where atmospheric discharge occurs near the analyzed point, there are significant reductions of the vertical electric field. Thus it can be seen that not only the existence of buildings, but its concentration with different electrical and geometrical characteristics, can significantly influence the propagation of irradiated field. The values calculated from the developed tool can be used in conjunction with coupling models for calculating induced overvoltages on power lines, in realistic situations with complex configurations.
Rodriguez, Vila Juan Jose Franklin. "Clusterização e visualização espaço-temporal de dados georreferenciados adaptando o algoritmo marker clusterer: um caso de uso em Curitiba." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2016. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2832.
Full textCinquenta por cento da população mundial vive em cidades, e a expectativa para 2050 é de que essa porcentagem chegue a 70% (WHO, 2014). As cidades consomem 75% dos recursos naturais e de energia do mundo, e geram 80% dos gases-estufa responsáveis pelo efeito estufa; considerando que, ocupam apenas 2% do território mundial (Signori, 2008). As cidades são também o palco de grande parte dos problemas ambientais globais (Gomes, 2009), e é no contexto urbano onde a dimensão social, econômica e ambiental convergem mais intensamente (European Commission, 2007). Esse crescimento populacional, tem influências sociais, econômicas e ambientais que representam um grande desafio para o desenvolvimento sustentável do planejamento urbano. Os conceitos de sistemas de informação geográfica, cidades inteligentes, dados abertos, algoritmos de clusterização e visualização de dados, permitem entender diversas questões em relação a atividade urbana nas cidades. Em particular, se torna importante a variável “onde”: onde existe tráfego e quais são os horários mais frequentes; onde é necessário realizar modelagem de espera residencial, comercial e industrial de acordo com o crescimento populacional para o plano de uso da terra; quais são os tipos de negócios que mais cresceram em cada bairro e qual é a relação entre eles. Para este fim, esta dissertação apresenta um sistema web-mobile que permite entender o crescimento espaço-temporal e econômico dos alvarás de restaurantes dos bairros Centro, Batel e Tatuquara da cidade de Curitiba nas últimas três décadas (1980 até 2015), realizando clusterização e visualização de uma grande quantidade de dados abertos georreferenciados. Em termos de resultados alcançados destacam-se: 1) capacidade de resolver problemas computacionais de sobreposição de pontos sobre um mapa, 2) capacidade de entender o crescimento econômico dos alvarás e qual é a relação entre as diversas categorias e entre os bairros, 3) tempo de execução inferior a 3 segundos para 99% das consultas espaciais executadas, 4) 80,8% dos usuários em fase de avaliação consideram que a solução proposta permite uma melhor identificação e visualização de dados georreferenciados, e 5) possibilita a integração de novas fontes e tipos de dados.
Fifty percent of the world's population live in cities, and the expectation until 2050 is that it reaches 70% (WHO, 2014). Cities consume 75% of the world's natural resources and energy, and generate 80% of greenhouse gases responsible for the greenhouse effect, considering that they occupy only 2% of the world's territory (Signori, 2008). Cities are also the scene of most of the global environmental problems (Gomes, 2009), and it is in the urban context where the social, economic and environmental dimension converge more intensely (European Commission, 2007). This population growth has social, economic and environmental influences that represent a great challenge for the sustainable development of urban planning. The concepts of geographic information systems, smart cities, open data, clustering and data visualization algorithms allow us to understand several questions regarding urban activity in cities, especially, understand the variable "where" things happen. For example: where there is traffic and what time is the most frequent, where it is necessary to perform residential, commercial, industrial standby modeling according to population growth for the land use plan, what are the types of businesses that grew the most in each neighborhood and what is the relationship between them. For this purpose, the following thesis presents a web-mobile system that allows us to understand the spatiotemporal and economic growth of the restaurant licenses of districts Centro, Batel and Tatuquara of Curitiba for the last three decades, performing clustering and visualization of a large amount of open georeferenced data. In terms of achieved results, we can highlight: 1) ability to solve computational problems of overlapping points representing business on a map, 2) ability to understand the economic growth of restaurants licences and what is the relationship between different categories and between districts, 3) execution time less than 3 seconds for 99% of the spatial queries executed, 4) 80.8% of users in evaluation phase consider that the proposed solution allows a better identification and visualization of georeferenced data, and 5) it allows the integration of new sources and types of data.
Uppoor, Sandesh. "Understanding and Exploiting Mobility in Wireless Networks." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00912521.
Full textChevrolet, Dominique. "Deux études de transport urbain : ordonnancement des phases d'un carrefour, modèles désagrégés de déplacements dans l'agglomération grenobloise." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1986. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00321160.
Full textLin, Chung-I., and 林忠毅. "Linear system theory for storm runoff simulation in urban area." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49179760588056136123.
Full text國立臺灣海洋大學
河海工程學系
99
Taiwan has concentrated rainfall during typhoons and summer rainstorms, which usually result in a large amount runoff peak promptly. More recently, impacts from global climate change and local urbanization induce more serious flood disaster in cities and cause tremendous losses. In considering the limitation of urban storm sewer system during storms, a flood warning system may be able to provide useful information in advance to reduce the loss of property in urban areas. Since hydrological records are usually unavailable in urban catchments, the XP-SWMM hydraulic model was adopted firstly to simulate the rainfall-runoff relationships in urban catchments. Based on the data generated from the XP-SWMM model, a time-varying sewer unit hydrograph (SUH) was then developed for runoff prediction during rainstorm to obtain a computationally efficient and numerically stable model. The SUH developed in this study is a nonlinear and time-varying hydrological model which can consider temporal rainfall distribution and flow hydraulic characteristics in urban sewer network system. The SUH model has been applied to two different sizes of hypothetical sewer systems for a priori check, and rainfall data and street inundation record from a severe typhoon in Lotong Township of Taiwan were collected to demonstrate the capability of the proposed model for runoff simulation in urban catchments. Analysis results show that flow hydrographs simulated by using the proposed SUH model are similar with those generated from the XP-SWMM model. The relative difference of hydrograph peak discharge was lesser than 15% for most simulation cases and the difference for the time to peak discharge was almost negligible, which has proved the applicability of the SUH model for runoff simulation in urban catchments. Moreover, a flash flood guidance (FFG) concept combined with a grey rainfall prediction model were also include in this study to develop a complete urban flood warning system for Lotong Township to avoid possible disaster.
Tsai, Chi-You, and 蔡期有. "System planning and simulation of automatic runoff pollution control in urban drainage system." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54135989982400862718.
Full text國立臺灣大學
環境工程學研究所
94
First flush resulting from urban surface runoff is recognized as one of the major causes of quality deterioration in the receiving water bodies. Accordingly, an auto-control system is planned in this study to manage the runoff pollution in a real-time control in an urban drainage system. To understand the first flush phenomenom and to simulate the controlling efficiency, an auto-control system has been constructed. The storm water management model was employed to simulate runoff quality and hydrography for Liuguan in Taipei. The input conditions include different rainfall frequency (2, 5, 10, 25 and 50 years), rainfall duration (60, 90 and 120 minutes) and antecedent dry weather period (7 and 14 days), which were found to be the most important parameters influencing the first flush load of suspended solids. Moreover, the mass balance equation is used to calculate the water quality of the receiving water bodies. The results of simulations show that the auto-control system could effeciently reduce the nonpoint pollution which discharges into the receiving water bodies.