Journal articles on the topic 'Urban Resilience Indicators'
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1
Roy, Tusar Kanti, Sharmin Siddika, and Mizbah Ahmed Sresto. "Assessment of Urban Resiliency Concerning Disaster Risk: A Review on Multi- Dimensional Approaches." Journal of Engineering Science 12, no. 3 (January 10, 2022): 111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jes.v12i3.57484.
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There have been a number of new research published with different methodologies and frameworks in recent years, aimed at improving city resilience to a variety of man-made and natural calamities. As climate change progresses, resilience will become a more important topic in scientific and policy circles that influence future urban development. This review article first provides the definition of resilience. Then it represents some of the adopted methodologies in an extensive way. Approaches including Baseline Resilience Indicators for Communities (BRIC), Climate Disaster Resilience Index (CDRI), Disaster resilience index based on Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), Composite indicator based approach, Hyogo Framework and so on. This section discusses about urban resiliency assessments to mitigate vulnerability, offer a set of principles and indicators for creating an urban resilience assessment tool. Findings of this study not only address a variety of qualitative and quantitative aspects of urban resilience but also describes about different indicators such as environmental resources, socio-economic and built environment, infrastructure, governance and institutional indicators. Journal of Engineering Science 12(3), 2021, 111-125
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Shi, Chenchen, Naliang Guo, Xiaoping Zhu, and Feng Wu. "Assessing Urban Resilience from the Perspective of Scaling Law: Evidence from Chinese Cities." Land 11, no. 10 (October 14, 2022): 1803. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101803.
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Urban resilience, as an emerging research focus in urban studies, is the capability of an urban system to adapt to the uncertainties and disturbances faced by modern cities. Numerical characterization of an urban system’s resilience can be performed with urban resilience indicators. Moreover, as cities evolve with intensive socio-economic interactions, the performances of urban indicators are heavily dependent on the scale of these interactions; these relationships are conceptualized as urban scaling laws. Therefore, this study explores the scaling patterns of urban resilience, analyzing the scaling relationship between different resilience indicators and urban population size, as well as the spatial–temporal evolutions of the scaling patterns. The empirical case is based on 267 prefectural-level cities in China. The results show resilience indicators demonstrate scaling patterns on both spatial and temporal scales. Moreover, the scale-adjusted metropolitan indicator (SAMI) differs from the commonly used per capita indicator. Therefore, the scale needs to be considered when assessing urban resilience performance. Findings in this study indicate that moderate scale enhances resilience, enriching urban resilience theorization and urban scaling laws application. The empirical results in the case study also provide a reference for future urban resilience planning and management.
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Yang, Zhuyu, Bruno Barroca, Aurélia Bony-Dandrieux, and Hélène Dolidon. "Resilience Indicator of Urban Transport Infrastructure: A Review on Current Approaches." Infrastructures 7, no. 3 (March 3, 2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures7030033.
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Urban transport infrastructures (TIs) play a central role in an urban society that faces more and more disasters. TIs, part of critical infrastructures (CIs), are highly correlated with urban disaster management in terms of their resilience when cities are facing a crisis or disaster. According to many studies, indicator assessment has been frequently used for the resilience management of CIs in recent decades. Defining and characterizing indicators can be useful for disaster managers as it could help monitor and improve the capacities and performance of TIs. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is (1) to identify and summarize the existing indicators of TIs resilience from the currently available literature, and (2) to discuss the possible future studies of the resilience indicator of TIs. The first results indicated that there are some barriers to identify indicators following the common search method through keywords. Additionally, the indicators found are mainly related to technical information, the disruption stage, and internal TIs. Finally, due to the complexity of indicator assessment, sub-indicators and indicator spatialization are widely used in the resilience assessment of urban TIs studies.
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Ruíz-Gonzále, Michelle Alinaz, and Yazmin Lisbeth Mack-Vergara. "Indicadores de resiliencia y sostenibilidad para la vivienda urbana panameña frente al cambio climático." Revista Hábitat Sustentable 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 08–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22320/07190700.2022.12.02.01.
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In recent decades, urban centers have been facing enormous challenges with the increase in natural disasters, and the impossibility of recovering from them. In this context, the objective of this research is to propose resilience and sustainability indicators for Panamanian urban housing by considering the effects of climate change through an extensive analysis of the country's vulnerability. Using qualitative processes, validated by national and international professionals, it was possible to characterize resilient and sustainable housing and develop a proposal of 29 indicators that respond to current and future climate change-related impacts: 15 for resilience and 14 for sustainability. Thus, building a simple useful tool to evaluate the resilience and sustainability of urban housing.
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Kim, Byungsuk, Gil-Sang Lee, Minjun Kim, Who-Seung Lee, and Hee-Sun Choi. "Developing and Applying an Urban Resilience Index for the Evaluation of Declining Areas: A Case Study of South Korea’s Urban Regeneration Sites." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (February 18, 2023): 3653. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043653.
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This study attempts to identify the direction of urban regeneration projects in declining areas by using the concept of urban resilience to cope with climate change and disaster. To this end, urban resilience was classified into a Green Resilient Infrastructure (GRI) and an Interactive Safety System (ISS), through a review of previous studies, and categorized into vulnerability, adaptability, and transformability. A total of 12 detailed indicators were derived and indexed using Euclidean distance. Using the indicators, three Korean urban regeneration targets, in Daegu, Mokpo, and Seosan, were selected to evaluate resilience before and after the urban regeneration plan. Consequently, the postplanning resilience index improved in all three target sites, compared to before the regeneration plan. Additionally, previously the regeneration plan showed lower index values in comparison to places not designated as urban regeneration areas. These results suggest that urban resilience needs to be considered in future urban regeneration projects, and that resilience indicators can be used as a means to set the direction of urban regeneration projects. To improve the overall resilience of a region, these indices can help local government establish a reference point for urban resilience in its region.
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Zeng, Xun, Yuanchun Yu, San Yang, Yang Lv, and Md Nazirul Islam Sarker. "Urban Resilience for Urban Sustainability: Concepts, Dimensions, and Perspectives." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 2481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052481.
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Urbanization is a continuous process for a city’s economic development. Though rapid urbanization provides a huge employment opportunity for people, urban threats also increase proportionately due to natural and man-made hazards. Understanding urban resilience and sustainability is an urgent matter to face hazards in the rapidly urbanized world. Therefore, this study aims to clarify the concept and develop key indications of urban resilience and sustainability from the existing literature. A systematic literature review guided by PRISMA has been conducted using literature from 1 January 2001 to 30 November 2021. It argues that sustainability and resilience are interrelated paradigms that emphasize a system’s capacity to move toward desirable development paths. Resilience and sustainability are fundamentally concerned with preserving societal health and well-being within the context of a broader framework of environmental change. There are significant differences in their emphasis and time scales, particularly in the context of urbanization. This study has identified key indicators of urban resilience under three major components like adaptive capacity (education, health, food, and water), absorptive capacity (community support, urban green space, protective infrastructure, access to transport), and transformative capacity (communication technology, collaboration of multi-stakeholders, emergency services of government, community-oriented urban planning). This study also identified several indicators under major dimensions (social, economic, and environmental) of urban sustainability. The findings will be fruitful in understanding the dynamics of urban vulnerability and resilience and its measurement and management strategy from developed indicators.
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Feldmeyer, Daniel, Daniela Wilden, Christian Kind, Theresa Kaiser, Rüdiger Goldschmidt, Christian Diller, and Jörn Birkmann. "Indicators for Monitoring Urban Climate Change Resilience and Adaptation." Sustainability 11, no. 10 (May 23, 2019): 2931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11102931.
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In the face of accelerating climate change, urbanization and the need to adapt to these changes, the concept of resilience as an interdisciplinary and positive approach has gained increasing attention over the last decade. However, measuring resilience and monitoring adaptation efforts have received only limited attention from science and practice so far. Thus, this paper aims to provide an indicator set to measure urban climate resilience and monitor adaptation activities. In order to develop this indicator set, a four-step mixed method approach was implemented: (1) based on a literature review, relevant resilience indicators were selected, (2) researchers, consultants and city representatives were then invited to evaluate those indicators in an online survey before the remaining indicator candidates were validated in a workshop (3) and finally reviewed by sector experts (4). This thorough process resulted in 24 indicators distributed over 24 action fields based on secondary data. The participatory approach allowed the research team to take into account the complexity and interdisciplinarity nature of the topic, as well as place- and context-specific parameters. However, it also showed that in order to conduct a holistic assessment of urban climate resilience, a purely quantitative, indicator-based approach is not sufficient, and additional qualitative information is needed.
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Mohamad, Norhidayah. "LOCALIZING OF URBAN COMMUNITY RESILIENCE INDICATOR IN PUTRAJAYA, MALAYSIA." Asia Proceedings of Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (April 18, 2019): 87–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/apss.v4i1.603.
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A low level of social participation among neighborhoods when organizing activities indicates weakness in urban communities. Based on the research conducted by Rahman, Ahmad, Malek, and Awang (2016) the findings from the descriptive analysis show that the level of social participation of urban residents in the neighborhood of Putrajaya is at a low level. The emphasis of resilience concept helps in building a resilient community with a high-quality, proactive and dynamics which capable of addressing the challenges which significantly affect the social lives of the urban community. This paper aims to localize the urban community resilience indicators for measuring the resilience level of the urban community in Putrajaya. The researcher has adopted method performed by Zautra, Hall, and Murray (2009). They believed in order to get an accurate picture of the resilience of the community requires a mixed strategy by improving existed indicators for forward-thinking, measurement and analysis of community resilience.
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Dehghani, Alireza, Mehdi Alidadi, and Ali Soltani. "Density and Urban Resilience, Cross-Section Analysis in an Iranian Metropolis Context." Urban Science 7, no. 1 (February 13, 2023): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci7010023.
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While there is a large body of research on sustainable development and urban resilience, the interaction between urban densification and urban resilience remains understudied. This study aims to investigate several facets of urban resilience and densification before analyzing their mutual relationship. Focusing on ecological, social, economic, and physical elements of urban resilience on the one hand and population density, residential density, built-up area ratio (BAR), and parcel density on the other, a combination of spatial and quantitative methodologies is applied. Our empirical investigation revealed that the spatial distribution of all resilience indicators is varied. In other words, the cumulative form of urban resilience indicators has a different significance than the individual version. Similarly, different types of density have varying orientations and degrees of connection with measures of resilience that should be evaluated in empirical investigations. In addition, our research revealed that density has a stronger relationship with social and physical resilience than with ecological and economic resilience. The findings drawn from this research have the potential to inform the design of secure, resilient cities across a range of spatial dimensions.
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Xu, Hui, Yang Li, and Lin Wang. "Resilience Assessment of Complex Urban Public Spaces." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17020524.
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Risk events frequently occur in “complex urban public spaces” (CUPSs) and cause serious economic losses and casualties. To reduce the risks and enhance the system resilience, this paper formulates a theoretical framework to assess the resilience of CUPSs. Resilience is defined as the ratio of preparedness to vulnerability, according to the implication of the concept. Three-level practical indicator systems were established for these two dimensions, respectively. Furthermore, a hybrid approach combining the Analytic Network Process (ANP) and the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) was adopted. The Chongqing West Railway Station (the Station (W)) and the Lianglukou Rail Transit Station (the Station (L)) were used for a case study. The results showed that the Chongqing West Railway Station was more resilient to risks than the Lianglukou Rail Transit Station. Therefore, the proposed theoretical framework could be applied in assessing the resilience level of CUPSs. Resilience improvement strategies can be formulated according to the assessment results. Furthermore, the practical indicators could also provide references for urban disaster management.
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Lassandro, Paola, and Teresa Cosola. "Climate change mitigation: resilience indicators for roof solutions." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 9, no. 1 (February 12, 2018): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-11-2016-0046.
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Purpose This paper aims to increase the resilience of building systems, especially roofs, in relation to climate changes. The focus is on Mediterranean cities, where, often, there is no regulation about these issues. Therefore, it is necessary to define resilience indicators through comparative studies of adaptive roof solutions to mitigate overheating in summer. Design/methodology/approach Through software simulations and data comparison, a specific methodological approach is used to analyze the resilience levels of different roof solutions (phase change materials, aerogel, green and cool roof), starting from energy efficiency as a prerequisite of resilience. Moreover, a case study of a historic existing building in a southern Italian town is examined. Findings The findings show the best strategies for building systems, especially for roofs, to decrease urban heat island effects according to the defined resilience indicators against overheating mitigation. Research limitations/implications Other building systems, such as facades, also have to be investigated in relation to climate change mitigation. Practical implications The implementation of resilient solutions that can also affect neighborhood for urban heat island mitigation. Social implications Because of resilience indicators definition, it is easier to introduce economic incentives according to reference thresholds and to increase community involvement. Originality/value The paper provides a new approach for the evaluation of technological solutions for a building from a resilience point of view, which has energy efficiency as pre-condition.
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Abedini, Asghar, Farshid Aram, Amin Khalili, and Elham Mirzaei. "Recognition and Evaluating the Indicators of Urban Resilient by Using the Network Analysis Process." Urban Science 6, no. 2 (April 24, 2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci6020031.
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Today’s cities are increasing their space zones while becoming more vulnerable to natural disasters and man-made threats. The initial evaluation of the resilience of city systems is of great importance and helps develop policies and measures that would improve resilience. This paper, using a descriptive–analytic method, defines the characteristics of a resilient city, and natural disasters are addressed. At the same time, the process of reaching a resilient city is investigated. Then, the indicators of resilience have been defined in pillars of ecologic, physiological, social, economic, and managerial–institutional dimensions for the evaluation of a resilient city in Iran. As the sample of the study, the indicators of the study were evaluated in the city of Sanandaj and prioritized in the network analysis process (ANP). The results of this analysis showed that zones one and two, respectively, were the weakest parts regarding urban resilience. In order to move toward a resilient city, future investments should go beyond financial investment and technical solutions and consider human and community development, as well as institutional capacity and inter-organizational cooperation.
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Saleh, Aisha Alaa, and Khalid Abdul Wahab Al-Mudares. "Diagnosing the Integration of Resilient City Pillars and Indicators with Urban Energy Systems." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 25, no. 2 (July 19, 2022): A001—A011. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.2502a001.
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Contemporary urban discourse is paying increasing attention to the issue of urban resilience, due to the stresses, disasters and disturbances (natural and human) that the cities of the world are experiencing and facing, which confirms the need to be familiar with the concept of urban resilience, its dimensions, practices, and characteristics at different levels; In order to reach the aspects of developing the urban energy sector in them, and in a way that supports the preparedness of cities to face potential expected and unexpected disturbances in the future, as cities are usually formed from many main and sub-systems that are dynamically intertwined with each other, such as: the social and economic system, infrastructure systems, land use, and media Various transports, which have a high level of direct interactions with the natural environment; ; It is therefore necessary to understand how the city deals with the odds of threats and challenges in an integrated manner; To overcome its weaknesses and enhance its resilience of use, which aims to make cities more secure, resilient and sustainable in the future, as well as that requires rethinking the field of expanding the use of renewable energies and the general urban landscape. To become a search problem “Failure to exploit the potential of natural energies on the possibility of exploiting renewable natural energies with their components (active and passive) in the production of resilience urban formations in cities.” The aim of the research is to try to "extract an integrated theoretical framework on the characteristics of urban energy resilience from international and Arab experiences, and to diagnose its most important planning and design pillars and indicators, which can be adopted to evaluate the reality of urban energy resilience in local cities." The research hypothesized that “the exploitation of energy systems produced from renewable natural resources, for the purposes of environmental treatments for resilient cities, especially in the buildings of housing projects and their urban surroundings, reduces the consumption of fossil energies for the city, frees its sites from linking to depleted energy transmission networks, and reduces potential environmental pollution problems, which contributes to in the production of flexible energy systems and helps in the generation of flexible cities." The descriptive analysis method was adopted.
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Datola, Giulia, Marta Bottero, and Elena de Angelis. "Enhancing Urban Resilience Capacities: An Analytic Network Process-based Application." Environmental and Climate Technologies 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1270–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2021-0096.
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Abstract The current urban challenge is enhancing, maintaining and improving the urban resilience of cities. However, how can cities as complex and adaptive systems be or become resilient? There are specific capacities/qualities that urban systems should have to enhance and maintain their resilience (e.g. redundancy, resourceful, robustness, etc.). Different studies list and describe these capacities in literature, underling also to which urban dimension (e.g. economy, society) they are referred. However, there is a lack of quantitative assessment of these capacities. As well, the analysis of which degree different urban components can enhance and maintain these capacities. Based on the socio-ecological approach of urban resilience, this study proposes the application of multicriteria analysis (MCA) to evaluate which degree the different urban components can support the enhancement and the maintenance of the specific urban resilience capacities. The proposed framework is an indicators-based method that includes a multidimensional set of urban resilience indicators and the set of urban resilience capacities. In detail, the Analytic Network Process (ANP) has been selected according to its ability to consider the mutual interconnections of the evaluation elements. Moreover, a multidisciplinary panel of experts is asked to weigh the importance of the different urban components in enriching the different urban resilience qualities. The final result is a set of priorities that assess the relative importance of each urban component about a specific urban resilience capacity. The illustrated application is a preliminary pilot case study that quantifies the possibility of quantitatively assessing the urban resilience capacities. In detail, this application refers to a more complex and comprehensive evaluation approach that combines MCA with the System Dynamics Approach (SDM). Therefore, the next step of this research will concern the aggregation and the employment of the obtained priorities in the abovementioned approach to correlate the urban resilience performance with the urban capacities.
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Nagy, Zoltán, Dóra Szendi, and Tekla Szép. "Linking smart city concepts to urban resilience." Theory, Methodology, Practice 17, Special Issue Nr. 1 (2021): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.18096/tmp.2021.01.04.
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In this study, ten cities from the Visegrád countries are compared applying cross-sectional data (from the year 2015). After the standardization process of the involved 11 indicators, their adaptive capacity is measured by resilient index that we developed and a rank is created. This index is formed by three components (demographic, social-economic and spatial-environmental resilience components). Significant differences were revealed related to the adaptive capacity of the examined settlements. In spite of the fact that the capitals of the Visegrád countries are the most resilient cities from an economic perspective, their results are around or below the average regarding their demographic and spatial-environmental components. This indicates that the economic success of a city does not necessarily imply greater resilience: being an economically successful city is a necessary but not sufficient condition for being a resilient city.
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Feng, Xinghua, Chunliang Xiu, Jianxin Li, and Yexi Zhong. "Measuring the Evolution of Urban Resilience Based on the Exposure–Connectedness–Potential (ECP) Approach: A Case Study of Shenyang City, China." Land 10, no. 12 (November 26, 2021): 1305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10121305.
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Resilience is a new path to express and enhance urban sustainability. Cities suffer from natural shocks and human-made disturbances due to rapid urbanization and global climate change. The construction of an urban resilient developmental environment is restricted by these factors. Strengthening the comprehensive evaluation of resilience is conducive to identifying high-risk areas in cities, guiding regional risk prevention, and providing a scientific basis for differentiated strategies for urban resilience governance. For this study, taking Shenyang city as a case study, the resilience index system was constructed as an ECP (“exposure”, “connectedness”, and “potential”) framework, and the adaptive cycle model was introduced into the resilience assessment framework. This model not only comprehensively considers the relationship between exposure and potential but also helps to focus on the temporal and spatial dynamics of urban resilience. The results show that the exposed indicators have experienced three spatial evolution stages, including single-center circle expansion, multicenter clustering, and multicenter expansion. The potential index increased radially from the downtown area to the outer suburbs, and the low-value area presented a multicenter pattern. The spatial agglomeration of connectivity indicators gradually weakened. The results reflect the fact that the resilience level of the downtown area has been improved and the resilience of the outer expansion area has declined due to urban construction. The multicenter cluster pattern is conducive to the balance of resilience levels. In terms of the adaptive cycle phases of urban resilience, the first ring has gone through three phases: exploitation (r), conservation (K), and release (Ω). The second and third rings have gradually shifted from the exploitation (r) phase to the conservation (K) phase. The fourth ring has entered the exploitation (r) phase from the reorganization (ɑ) phase. The fifth ring and its surrounding areas are in the reorganization (ɑ) phase. The results provide specific spatial guidance for implementing resilient urban planning and realizing sustainable urban development.
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Zhang, Shuang. "Identification of Key Indicators of Flood Resilience in Riverside Urban Communities Based on SNA." Journal of Management and Humanity Research 07 (2022): 39–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22457/jmhr.v07a032239.
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In order to strengthen the ability of riverside urban communities to cope with flood disasters, the evaluation indicators of flood resilience of riverside urban communities are constructed by literature review and field investigation, and the relationship network was constructed by the matrix of interaction among indicators. The social network analysis (SNA) indexes are used to measure and analyze the relationship of the constructed indicators network from the dimension of overall network and individual indicator. The results of indexes show that location, business type, business density, non-vulnerable groups, population density, ability to eliminate stagnant water, building density, and disaster relief are the key indicators among all the indicators. Therefore, locating risk groups, strengthening rescue and evacuation capacity, and building rainwater blocking and restoring facilities are of great importance to improve the flood resilience of riverside urban communities.
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Tyler, Stephen, Erwin Nugraha, Ha Kim Nguyen, Nhung Van Nguyen, Aniessa Delima Sari, Pakamas Thinpanga, Thao Thanh Tran, and Sheo Shanker Verma. "Indicators of urban climate resilience: A contextual approach." Environmental Science & Policy 66 (December 2016): 420–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2016.08.004.
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Xu, Wenping, Jinting Cong, David Proverbs, and Linlan Zhang. "An Evaluation of Urban Resilience to Flooding." Water 13, no. 15 (July 24, 2021): 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13152022.
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Flooding has become the natural disaster that causes the greatest losses, with urban flooding restricting the healthy development of cities. The ability to assess a city’s resilience to flooding is very important and would contribute to improving resilience and also help to inform planning and development. The aim of this study was to determine the key urban flood resilience indicators for three different Chinese cities (Wuhan, Nanjing, and Hefei) and to prioritize these for each city. A combined interpretive structure and network analysis method (ISM-ANP) model was used to evaluate and analyze the selected evaluation indicators. A four-level urban flood resilience evaluation network model was constructed to determine the interdependence between indicators and to calculate the priorities of the flood resilience indicators for the three cities. Overall, rescue capacity was found to be extremely important and was defined as the most important index. For Wuhan, indicators related to the distribution of waters were found to be more important, while for Nanjing, spatial planning and spatial structure of land use were found to be key priorities. In Hefei, the level of investment in infrastructure and the level of public resources occupy a more important position. The framework presented in this study contributes to the understanding of urban flood resilience and has the potential to be extended to other natural hazards.
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Zhang, Mingshun, Yaguang Yang, Huanhuan Li, and Meine Pieter van Dijk. "Measuring Urban Resilience to Climate Change in Three Chinese Cities." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 22, 2020): 9735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229735.
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Building an urban resilience index results in developing an increasingly popular tool for monitoring progress towards climate-proof cities. This paper develops an urban resilience index in the context of urban China, which helps planners and policy-makers at city level to identify whether urban development is leading to more resilience. The urban resilience index (URI) suggested in this research uses data on 24 indicators distributed over six URI component indices. While no measure of such a complex phenomenon can be perfect, the URI proved to be effective, useful and robust. Our findings show that the URI ensures access to integrated information on urban resilience to climate change. It allows comparisons of cities in a systematic and quantitative way, and enables identification of strong and weak points related to urban resilience. The URI provides tangible measures of not only overall measures of urban resilience to climate change, but also urban resilience components and related indicators. Therefore, it could meet a wide range of policy and research needs. URI is a helpful tool for urban decision-makers and urban planners to quantify goals, measure progress, benchmark performance, and identify priorities for achieving high urban resilience to climate change.
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Xu, Wenping, Yuli Kong, David Proverbs, Yuwan Zhang, Yuan Zhang, and Jitao Xu. "A Water Resilience Evaluation Model for Urban Cities." Water 14, no. 12 (June 16, 2022): 1942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14121942.
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Cities around the world are having to become more resilient to the effects of climate change and ongoing development pressures and consequently are seeking to improve urban water resource management. In order to analyze the key factors affecting a city’s water resilience, this research establishes an urban water resilience evaluation model. The DEMATEL method is used to calculate the intensity of the interaction among the water resilience indicators and to establish their causal relationships. Then, an ANP structured diagram is established and the weighting of the water resilience evaluation index for the city of Wuhan is obtained using the Super Decisions software. The key water resilience factors for Wuhan are shown to have significant mutual influences, with the main factors found to be the utilization of rainwater resources, the utilization of reclaimed water, and the total annual runoff control of the city. This method provides a sound basis for the evaluation of urban water resilience with scope to extend this to other cities. The results provide useful guidance for policy makers and other key stakeholders in supporting more sustainable urban development.
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Wang, Yani, Mingyi Du, Lei Zhou, Guoyin Cai, and Yongliang Bai. "A Novel Evaluation Approach of County-Level City Disaster Resilience and Urban Environmental Cleanliness Based on SDG11 and Deqing County’s Situation." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 16, 2019): 5713. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205713.
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City disaster resilience and urban environmental cleanliness are two representative indicators used to assess the safety of human settlements in China’s Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs). Traditional research on SDGs mainly concentrated at large-scale spatial level, such as global level or national level. It brings unclear significance to the implementation of SDGs in the county-level. The goal of this paper is to find a new calculation method to apply the index of urban disaster resilience and urban environmental cleanliness to the evaluation of county-level areas. A localization of county-level city disaster resilience and urban environmental cleanliness based on Deqing County’s situation was carried out. With quantification and projections of local data, the assessments of city disaster resilience and urban environmental cleanliness have completed. The evaluation showed that city disaster resilience is maintained at a low level, while indicators of urban cleanliness are lower than standards. The prediction of urban per capita environmental impact index based on Grey Time-Series Prediction Model was finished. The forecast showed that the urban per capita impact indicators in the next three years have not exceeded the standard line. The two indicators used to assess the safety of human settlements were consistent with the sustainable development of urban settlement. Partial results of this research were reported as a “county sample” at the first UN Geographic Information Conference held in Deqing in 2018.
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Strzelecka, Elżbieta. "Concept of Resilience and Development of Small Towns and Rural Area." Barometr Regionalny. Analizy i Prognozy 16, no. 3 (December 18, 2018): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.56583/br.357.
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The aim of this article is to use a new research concept, referred to as resilience, in rural development (rural resilience) in the context of the often discussed concept of urban resilience. The concept of urban resilience is recognized as a tool for strategic diagnosis and monitoring of cities. In studies of urban resilience for cities of various sizes, quantitative research is most often used. The author, on the basis of literature discussions and own research, presents the use of qualitative research in the assessment of urban resilience for the national network of Cittaslow cities. The concept of urban resilience refers to “a resilient city”, especially in the case of a collective criterion (i.e., urban quality policy). Seven groups of criteria in the matrix of urban development self-assessment are the basis for the evolutionary changes in the resilience of individual cities and the entire network. In the case of Cape Clear Island in Ireland, qualitative research of rural resilience was based on global indicators of economic, social and environmental capital proposed by Wilson. Despite the subjectivism of respondents, results of qualitative research allow for making strategic decisions for the purposes of obtaining specific development balance points and selecting specific paths for the Island’s development. Both quantitative and qualitative research — their practical dimension — should be used to build community resilience.
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Chen and Leandro. "A Conceptual Time-Varying Flood Resilience Index for Urban Areas: Munich City." Water 11, no. 4 (April 19, 2019): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040830.
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In response to the increased frequency and severity of urban flooding events, flood management strategies are moving away from flood proofing towards flood resilience. The term ‘flood resilience’ has been applied with different definitions. In this paper, it is referred to as the capacity to withstand adverse effects following flooding events and the ability to quickly recover to the original system performance before the event. This paper introduces a novel time-varying Flood Resilience Index (FRI) to quantify the resilience level of households. The introduced FRI includes: a) Physical indicators from inundation modelling for considering the adverse effects during flooding events, and b) social and economic indicators for estimating the recovery capacity of the district in returning to the original performance level. The district of Maxvorstadt in Munich city is used for demonstrating the FRI. The time-varying FRI provides a novel insight into indicator-based quantification methods of flood resilience for households in urban areas. It enables a timeline visualization of how a system responds during and after a flooding event.
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Sharifi, Ayyoob, Maryam Roosta, and Masoud Javadpoor. "Urban Form Resilience: A Comparative Analysis of Traditional, Semi-Planned, and Planned Neighborhoods in Shiraz, Iran." Urban Science 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci5010018.
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As cities are exposed to a portfolio of risks, the concept of resilience has risen to prominence over the past two decades. Consequently, a large volume of research has been published on different aspects of urban resilience. However, urban form resilience is still relatively understudied. As a step toward filling this gap, this study examines resilience of nine selected neighborhoods from Shiraz, an old Iranian city. The selected cases represent three different urban form patterns, namely, traditional, semi-planned, and planned. Different indicators related to the physical configuration of lots, blocks, open and green spaces, and street networks are used to examine resilience of each neighborhood to three major stressors, namely, earthquakes, extreme heat events, and floods. Additionally, a combination of Shannon entropy and the VIKOR (VlseKriterijumska Optimizcija I Kaompromisno Resenje in Serbian) method is used to rank the resilience of each neighborhood to each of the three stressors. Results show that, overall, the physical form of the planned neighborhoods is more conducive to urban resilience. In contrast, the urban form of traditional neighborhoods was found to be less resilient. There were, however, some variations depending on the type of stressor considered. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need to consider social and economic factors in future studies of urban form resilience.
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Gaber, Rasha Mahmoud, Mohamed Hussein Abd El-Kader, and Ehab Mahmoud Okba. "The Resilience Performance Index, a Fuzzy Logic Approach to Assess Urban Resilience." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 17, no. 4 (July 27, 2022): 1225–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170421.
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Urban resilience is recently a prominent issue due to rapid urbanization and increasing challenges and stressors affecting cities. Assessment of urban resilience is an essential step in enhancing resilience performance since regular assessment informs resilience action plans, determines areas of deficiencies, and provides spatial and temporal comparisons. However, resilience assessment is a complex process that requires intensive data and resources due to the multi-dimensional and dynamic nature of resilience, and the imprecision of resilience data. In this context, the research aims to develop The Resilience Performance Index (RPI), through setting a conceptual framework, defining relevant resilience indicators, and finally modelling resilience performance using The Fuzzy Logic Approach, aiming to combine resilience analysis with artificial intelligence (AI) tools and dynamic modelling methods. The RPI assesses both qualitative and quantitative resilience indicators obtained through records, census data or structured questionnaires. Indicators’ values are modelled through a designed fuzzy logic system to obtain the resilience performance score. The developed index is applied on New Damietta city to inform resilience action plans in the Nile Delta region. The RPI addresses the complexity of resilience assessment and ambiguity of resilience data through an easy applicable, user friendly approach without the need for complex mathematical and statistical methods.
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Aslani, Fereshteh, Kambod Amini Hosseini, and Alireza Fallahi. "A framework for earthquake resilience at neighborhood level." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 11, no. 4 (April 13, 2020): 557–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-12-2019-0082.
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Purpose Despite long decades of research studies in the field of urban neighborhood resilience, there are still some unknown dimensions. In this regard, the study aims to develop a new framework for assessment of physical and social resilience at neighborhood level against earthquake. Design/methodology/approach Accordingly, first all indicators affecting earthquake resilience at neighborhood level have been determined. Subsequently, they have been weighted and prioritized, using analytical hierarchy process technique. One of the neighborhoods of Tehran city in Iran was selected for the case study. Then, four criteria of “robustness,” “redundancy,” “rapidity” and “resourcefulness” were considered as the basis for assessing neighborhood resilience. Findings It is shown that besides four well-known criteria, four other criteria including “adaptability,” “regularity,” “density” and “efficiency” should also be considered to assess earthquake resilience at neighborhood level. Therefore, a new framework is developed and formulated at this level. Paying attention to all eight criteria, the appropriate interventions to improve resiliency can be addressed. Practical implications This study proposes several practical approaches toward the more resilient neighborhoods against earthquakes. By considering the complexity and dynamic characteristics of earthquake resilience, it recommends the implementation of all resilience phases at every neighborhood to increase resilience. Originality/value This study proposes a framework in which in addition to physical and tangible indicators of resilience, non-physical and intangible ones are presented. Also, it is shown that besides well-known criteria, other criteria should also be considered using practical and community-based approaches.
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Niu, Dingwei, Lucang Wang, Wei Li, and Yongchi Ma. "An International Comparative Study on the Resilience of Urban Communities after COVID-19 Pandemic: A One-Year Case Study between Lanzhou, China and Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (November 4, 2022): 14458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114458.
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After the prevailing of the COVID-19 pandemic, urban communities around the world took initiatives to bring their cities back to life. In this research, 45 indicators and 55 elements were selected to make comparisons between urban communities in Lanzhou, China and Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina from five dimensions of social resilience, economic resilience, institutional resilience, infrastructural resilience, and community capital resilience. At the same time, the ArcGIS platform tool was used for spatial interpolation analysis. In this paper, the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method was used to carry out the spatial analysis of the perceived resilience of the two cities. Due to the heterogeneity of the neighborhood physical environment, operation and management mode, individual attribute characteristics, and internal relations, the resilience of the two urban communities showed disparity in different dimensions. Overall, the communities with good urban property management services, high-income owners, and the convenient transportation have stronger resilience in the face of pandemic. On the contrary, scattered communities, which are scattered in the inner cities, lack effective management, and based on unstable employment, people become the most affected by the epidemic with the lowest resilience power. The importance of social capital, represented by community understanding, identity, and mutual help and cooperation between neighbors, is highlighted in the resilience assessment of the two cities, respectively, in the East and West, indicating that to build more resilient cities, in addition to improving government management and increasing investment in urban infrastructure, building the residents’ sense of belonging, identity, and enduring community culture is even more important in the construction of resilient cities.
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Serdar, Mohammad Zaher, Muammer Koç, and Sami G. Al-Ghamdi. "Urban Transportation Networks Resilience: Indicators, Disturbances, and Assessment Methods." Sustainable Cities and Society 76 (January 2022): 103452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2021.103452.
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Leobons, Camila Maestrelli, Vânia Barcellos Gouvêa Campos, and Renata Albergaria de Mello Bandeira. "Assessing Urban Transportation Systems Resilience: A Proposal of Indicators." Transportation Research Procedia 37 (2019): 322–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2018.12.199.
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Tauhid, Fahmyddin A'raaf. "DEVELOPING FRAMEWORK FOR IMPROVING DISASTER RESILIENCE IN URBAN SLUM UPGRADING." Nature: National Academic Journal of Architecture 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/nature.v6i1a9.
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Abstract_ Disaster resilience has become an important urban agenda due to the increasing disaster intensity and massive impacts. Developing framework for measuring disaster resilience is a critical policy particularly for urban slum area. It requires extensive and comprehensive approach to achieve sustainable measurement. Providing the integration of the research and the present disaster resilience measurement through content analysis of qualitative approach, this study introduces the framework composed of categories and indicators for improving disaster Resilience in urban slum areas under upgrading efforts. It recommends that community capital: the public infrastructure and facilities, human, financial, natural, and social can be categories for indicators development. These capitals can reflect numerous elements, resources, and relationships within an urban slum areas and its main contribution for community.Keywords: Disaster Resilience; Slum Upgrading; Community Capital.
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Sharma, Manish, Bansari Sharma, Nand Kumar, and Ashwani Kumar. "Urban Water Resilience in Landscape of Digitally Connected Built Environment: An Assessment Matrix for Cities of Developing Nations." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 18457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.18457ecst.
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One of the major challenges faced by the local level agencies is the identification and applicability of assessment metrics and standards for urban water resilience, especially in India, as most of the considerable research on the resilience assessment refers to the developed western world context. These metrics have limited applicability in Indian context owing to limited data availability and varied significance of various indicators. It is of vital importance to assess the inherent urban water resilience, so as to channelize the limited resources in prioritized sectors, based on the assessment of water services for cities. This paper attempts to develop an urban water resilience assessment matrix, typically highlighting the integration of technology based on the applicability in Indian context. This matrix is based on a mix of household level indicators as well as utility level indicators. This novel matrix, for the cities of developing countries, attempt to capture the heterogeneity prevailing in the urban water sector based on the supply modes for city households.
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Hu, Chich-Ping. "Urban Land-Use Allocation with Resilience: Application of the Lowry Model." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 29, 2022): 15927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315927.
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The Resilient Cities Network initiated by the Rockefeller Foundation advocates achieving the goal of comprehensive resilient urban development through land-use planning, but the implementation of resilience must be achieved through a vulnerability analysis. The Lowry Model is the earliest and most used land-use integrated transportation allocation model. Its operation is mainly based on accessibility indicators to allocate population and employment opportunities, and the results of the allocation can be used as a basis for urban development. Accessibility is a unique feature of the Lowry Model, in which accessibility is a function of employment opportunities and physical distance. However, it builds non-resilient cities. A city is a system that is vulnerable and suffers the most when change occurs. A city with a high density of population, although it has location convenience, is relatively vulnerable to disasters and security threats. Ignoring resilience makes the city lose its adjustment mechanism to avoid disasters and make the city less resilient, less safe, and even less efficient. This paper takes Taoyuan City, Taiwan, as the case study area, uses the data to implement a resilience-oriented allocation of land use, and compares the results with a non-resilient land-use allocation. The results show that the resilience-oriented Lowry Type Model can indeed allocate population and service employment opportunities to districts with higher resilience and lower vulnerability, can meet the threshold standard constraints of the economies of scale, and can obeythe population density scale constraints to maintain an adequate level of quality of life. This paper offers positive conclusions that can support the application of the resilience-oriented Lowry Type Model to Taiwan and even other cities that expect resilient planning.
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Zhong, Ming, Kairong Lin, Guoping Tang, Qian Zhang, Yang Hong, and Xiaohong Chen. "A Framework to Evaluate Community Resilience to Urban Floods: A Case Study in Three Communities." Sustainability 12, no. 4 (February 18, 2020): 1521. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12041521.
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Community resilience is a key index for describing the response of human habitat systems to hazards. Evaluating and enhancing the community resilience requires indicators, identification, and quantitative measurements, especially for urban flooding management. In this study, an advanced index framework for measuring community resilience to urban flooding is proposed, integrating the fuzzy Delphi method (FDM) and the analytic network process (ANP). Seven indicators (public facilities, spatial structure of land use, flood management organizations, rescue capability, accuracy of weather forecasts, vulnerable population, and individual capability) of community resilience are identified using the fuzzy Delphi method. The indicators are classified into four dimensions, and the weights are determined by the analytic network process. This approach is applied to three different types of communities, namely, a newly built neighborhood, an ancient college, and a flood-prone village in the city of Nanning, China, using data collected from questionnaires, interviews, and field investigations. The neighborhood (with a total averaged score of 2.13) has the largest community resilience to urban flooding, followed by the college (1.8), and finally the village (0.91). Flooding management organizations play a leading role in the urban flooding resilience of the neighborhood and college, while the vulnerable population has a great impact on the community resilience of the village. Results of the strategy analysis suggest that science and technology improvement (0.543) is more important than social–economic status improvement (0.325) and built-environment improvement (0.132) for mitigating urban hazards in Nanning. The proposed framework in this study contributes to the interdisciplinary understanding of community resilience for urban flooding and is expected to be applied to sustain urban planning and flood evacuations.
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Talebloo, Salomé, and Anuar Alias. "The Evaluation of Physical Dimension on the Design of Campus Buildings towards Resilience Initiative at the University of Malaya." Journal of Design and Built Environment 21, no. 2 (August 31, 2021): 76–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jdbe.vol21no2.6.
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Over the last few decades, the concept of resilience has received a great deal of attention in urban contexts. Universities are a hub of learning in the urban system, with diverse stakeholders facing various risks. As a result, to mitigate the adverse effects of any calamity, it is in the university's best interest to embed resilience components. There are still few studies on campus that address the concept of resilience. As a result, the purpose of this descriptive-analytical study is to create a practical framework for examining factors that specifically impact the physical characteristics of campus resilience, with the University of Malaya as a case study. The physical dimension measurement tools are developed through a systematic review of the literature and validated through expert interviews. The AHP method is used to weight 12 indicators to assess U.M. resiliency through four different buildings. According to the findings, each building has a different level of resilience index ranging from 0.30 to 0.80, and building characteristics play a critical role in U.M. resiliency. As a result, the final index reveals that U.M. has a moderate level of resilience.
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Farhadi, Ebrahim, Ahmad Pourahmad, Keramatollah Ziari, Hassanali Faraji Sabokbar, and Simona Tondelli. "Indicators Affecting the Urban Resilience with a Scenario Approach in Tehran Metropolis." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (October 7, 2022): 12756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912756.
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Urban resilience refers to the capacity of an urban system to fully recover from unforeseen calamities. This study aims to assess the physical resilience indicators used to measure urban resilience in Tehran, the political and economic capital of Iran, and to pinpoint the most significant direct and indirect influences on urban resilience. The research process divided into two parts. The environmental scanning approach (reviewing papers and published sources, interviewing specialists, and monitoring conferences) and the literature review were employed in the first part to compile a database of the key information on the elements impacting physical resilience. The most significant factors impacting physical resilience over the next ten years were requested to be identified by specialists and intellectuals in the second part. Finally, the MicMac program was used to analyze the data after 29 variables were specified in Delphi. In light of the trace-analysis-dependence diagram, which depicts the instability of the influential factors and the persistence of their impact on other variables, the results demonstrate that Tehran’s physical resilience is in an unstable condition. According to the results, the factors that have the maximum impact on other variables are granularity drivers, emergency evacuation capacity, rescue and security spaces (emergency, fire station, and police station), impermeability, rate of the amendment and retrofitting measures in the buildings of each zone, building age, and the compatibility of land uses. The variables that are most susceptible to change from other variables include the distribution status of dangerous land uses, the quality of the buildings, the rate of historically vulnerable buildings, the vulnerability of internal and external roads, the rate of improvements and retrofitting measures in buildings in each zone, as well as historically vulnerable historical buildings.
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Reka, Tuendoekova, Jin Zhang, Vera Kleesattel, and Alain Chiaradia. "Accessibility to Hong Kong urban waterfront Is it fostering resilient communities?" Urbanie & Urbanus - Resilient Cities, no. 7 (December 2022): 55–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.55412/07.04.
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Resilience is a broad concept which has been widely used in numerous studies, examining various elements of the built form that relate to environmental, social, and economic resources. Open spaces became highly regarded as essential for liveable and resilient cities, at the same time intensifying urbanization challenges the appropriate provision of open spaces and consequently, exacerbates social disparities and risks. More specifically, urban waterfronts have been investigated for their potential of providing vibrant urban public spaces and building everyday resilience. However, the function of waterfront promenades in Hong Kong have been subject to commercialisation in favour of city branding and tourist attraction. This research focuses on examining three waterfront promenades in Hong Kong: Sheung Wan; Quarry Bay and Kwun Tong with the aim to study urban configuration and accessibility contribution to the vitality potential of these spaces and their contribution to everyday resilience. The results provides design indicators for better, more vibrant waterfront open space design that foster everyday resilience.
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Alaeie, Samad, Ali Tavakolan, and Rahim Sarvar. "Analysis of Economic-Physical Resilience of Cities." Tehnički glasnik 16, no. 3 (June 23, 2022): 362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31803/tg-20220529092148.
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Resilience is a new approach to assessing and enhancing the resilience and resilience of the foundations of development in cities. Explaining and recognizing its effective and promotional components can pave the way for many programs related to crisis management and passive urban defense, which is very necessary given the complexities of today's threats. Different dimensions of human society resilience are examined in the physical, social, economic, environmental-institutional fields. In fact, resilience as a framework goes back to a concept that can easily relate to all stages and sections of disaster and crisis management. In this regard, the present study has been compiled with the aim of evaluating the dimensions of economic-physical resilience of cities around the metropolis of Tehran in the Islamshahr region. In this study, first through library studies, indicators and factors affecting economic and institutional resilience were identified and operational defined, then using a questionnaire in the form of hierarchical analysis process, the final weight of indicators by domestic experts and External was determined. Descriptive and inferential statistics (one-sample t-test and Friedman test) were used to analyze the data. Institutional resilience with an average of 2.5325, infrastructure resilience with an average of 2.4377 and urban resilience with an average of 2.3786 is therefore urban resilience and components of urban resilience in Islamshahr city are at a low level.
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Xu, Hui, and Bin Xue. "Key indicators for the resilience of complex urban public spaces." Journal of Building Engineering 12 (July 2017): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2017.06.018.
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Rayan, Muhammad, Dietwald Gruehn, and Umer Khayyam. "Planning for Sustainable Green Urbanism: An Empirical Bottom-Up (Community-Led) Perspective on Green Infrastructure (GI) Indicators in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (September 20, 2022): 11844. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191911844.
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Rising vulnerability of the urban green infrastructure (UGI) is grabbing global attention, for which inclusive urban landscape and greening policies (ULGP) and frameworks are crucial to support green growth. As such, this research intends to explore the local community’s perspective to assemble sustainable UGI indicators for vital taxonomy of the urban green space (UGS) elements, aiming to develop a multi-functional and sustainable UGI-indicator-based framework that is eco-friendly and supports green-resilient cities in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province, Pakistan. An in-depth household survey was executed in three KP districts: Charsadda, Peshawar, and Mardan, placing self-administered 192 questionnaires while covering themes around climate change adaptation, urban resilience, and UGI. Relative importance index (RII) and the interquartile range (IQR) methods were set up for data analysis that revealed excellent reliability (α > 0.88) and internal consistency. The results confirmed community-based UGI indicators with a focus on promoting green-energy-saving strategies as e-imp (level 9, RII = 0.915), while other (ten) UGI indicators as important (RII = 0.811–0.894) and (eleven) as moderately important (RII = 0.738–0.792). These UGI indicators were found to be enhanced by UGS elements (RII ≥ 0.70). These findings provide a foundation for urban policy change and the development of a sustainable UGI framework to build an eco-regional paradigm for greener growth.
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Wang, Tong, Yang Liu, Qiyuan Li, Peng Du, Xiaogong Zheng, and Qingfei Gao. "State-of-the-Art Review of the Resilience of Urban Bridge Networks." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15020989.
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With the rapid advancement of the urbanization process, the bridge networks in cities are becoming increasingly optimized, playing an important role in ensuring the normal operation of cities. However, with the gradual deterioration of bridges and the further attenuation of their capacity, many bridges are prone to damage or even collapse under extreme loads. After a natural disaster or human-derived accident occurs in a city, the normal operation of the bridge network in the city will play an irreplaceable role in emergency rescue and long-term recovery after the disaster. In this paper, the resilience of urban bridge networks, as a comprehensive indicator that integrates predisaster early warning, disaster response and postdisaster recovery information, is considered. This indicator has been applied in many disciplines, such as civil engineering, sociology, management and economics. The concept of resilience is expounded, and functional and resilience assessment indicators for bridge networks are established. Additionally, the research progress on bridge network resilience is described. Finally, combined with research hotspots such as big data, artificial intelligence and bridge structural health monitoring, the development trends and prospects of bridge network resilience research are discussed.
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Zhang, Chuanli, Jeill Oh, and Kyoohong Park. "Evaluation of sewer network resilience index under the perspective of ground collapse prevention." Water Science and Technology 85, no. 1 (November 24, 2021): 188–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.503.
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Abstract Generally, when evaluating the resilience of infrastructure, the four properties of resilience (robustness, rapidity, resources, and redundancy, 4Rs) are widely considered. However, there is little research on the resilience assessment of sewer networks. Therefore, to establish a framework to evaluate sewer network resilience under the perspective of urban ground collapse prevention, this study considers the 13 second-level detailed indicators corresponding to the four first-level indicators (4Rs) based on literature reviews and experts' opinions. An analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used to obtain relative weights of each indicator and a weighted sum method (WSM) is used to evaluate the sewer network resilience index (SRI). The evaluation system is applied to eight small blocks of selected drainage areas in Seoul, South Korea, and the SRI of eight small blocks are computed. This study could help the sewer management department to make decisions and manage sewer network assets that enhance the resilience of the sewer networks.
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Huff, Emily, Michelle Johnson, Lara Roman, Nancy Sonti, Clara Pregitzer, Lindsay Campbell, and Heather McMillen. "A Literature Review of Resilience in Urban Forestry." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 46, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2020.014.
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Urban forests provide many benefits to residents and may also improve cities’ resilience, the overall capacity to recover from anthropogenic and natural disturbances. Resilience is often considered from an ecological, social, or social-ecological perspective. In this literature review, we synthesize past studies (n = 31) to explore resilience in urban forests and green spaces and to understand how social or ecological perspectives have been considered. We found studies that combine resilience and urban forests have been increasing over time. Definitions of both resilience and urban forests are highly variable, but generally the studies increasingly focus on a social-ecological systems approach. The most common theoretical framework applied to understanding urban forests and resilience is a risk and vulnerability assessment approach. Studies were spread across geographies, with some concentration near major research stations and universities with scientists who specialize in resilience and urban green spaces. As more attention is focused on the role of green infrastructure in contributing to urban resilience, we encourage the adoption of consistent definitions, theories, and indicators.
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Tayyab, Muhammad, Jiquan Zhang, Muhammad Hussain, Safi Ullah, Xingpeng Liu, Shah Nawaz Khan, Muhammad Aslam Baig, Waqas Hassan, and Bazel Al-Shaibah. "GIS-Based Urban Flood Resilience Assessment Using Urban Flood Resilience Model: A Case Study of Peshawar City, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan." Remote Sensing 13, no. 10 (May 11, 2021): 1864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13101864.
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Urban flooding has been an alarming issue in the past around the globe, particularly in South Asia. Pakistan is no exception from this situation where urban floods with associated damages are frequently occurring phenomena. In Pakistan, rapid urbanization is the key factor for urban flooding, which is not taken into account. This study aims to identify flood sensitivity and coping capacity while assessing urban flood resilience and move a step toward the initialization of resilience, specifically for Peshawar city and generally for other cities of Pakistan. To achieve this aim, an attempt has been made to propose an integrated approach named the “urban flood resilience model (UFResi-M),” which is based on geographical information system(GIS), remote sensing (RS), and the theory of analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The UFResi-M incorporates four main factors—urban flood hazard, exposure, susceptibility, and coping capacity into two parts, i.e., sensitivity and coping capacity. The first part consists of three factors—IH, IE, and IS—that represent sensitivity, while the second part represents coping capacity (ICc). All four indicators were weighted through AHP to obtain product value for each indicator. The result showed that in the Westzone of the study area, the northwestern and central parts have very high resilience, whereas the southern and southwestern parts have very low resilience. Similarly, in the East zone of the study area, the northwest and southwest parts have very high resilience, while the northern and western parts have very low resilience. The likelihood of the proposed model was also determined using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve method; the area under the curve acquired for the model was 0.904. The outcomes of these integrated assessments can help in tracking community performance and can provide a tool to decision makers to integrate the resilience aspect into urban flood management, urban development, and urban planning.
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Sudradjat, Arief, Anindrya Nastiti, Kevin Barlian, and Made Sandhyana Angga. "Flood and Drought Resilience Measurement at Andir Urban Village, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 148 (2020): 06005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014806005.
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Flooding and drought are two of the most common environmental problems in Andir Urban Village due to its location near a tributary of the Citarum River, its concave geographic structure, and excessive groundwater usage. Traditional approaches that focus on constructing water management structures cannot provide a sustainable solution to these persistent problems in Andir. Thus, increasing resilience in dealing with flooding and drought effectively from different aspects is important. This study uses the Flood Resilience Index (FRI) via several indicators divided into five aspects, i.e., natural, physical, economic, social, and institutional. The Drought Resilience Index (DRI) measures the reliability and vulnerability of clean water supply and demand for local residents. The flood resilience level of Andir Urban Village is low with an FRI of 2.69/5, while the drought resilience level of Andir Urban Village is very low with a DRI of only 2.565/10. The measurements of FRI and DRI in a developing country needs to be done carefully by developing local indicators that are unique and relevant to the country’s setting.
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Parizi, Sedigheh Meimandi, Mohammad Taleai, and Ayyoob Sharifi. "A GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Analysis Framework to Evaluate Urban Physical Resilience against Earthquakes." Sustainability 14, no. 9 (April 22, 2022): 5034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14095034.
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As complex man-made systems that are home to the majority of the world population, cities have always faced a wide range of risks such as earthquakes. As the backbone of urban systems, physical components, including buildings, transportation networks, communication networks, and open and green spaces, are also vulnerable to disasters. To enhance the capacity to deal with disaster risks, enhancing urban resilience has recently become an essential priority for cities. This study aims to develop and pilot test a framework to evaluate urban physical resilience based on resilience characteristics and associated physical indicators. Interpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) was used to determine the relationships between physical indicators, and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making methods were applied to determine the relative importance of the characteristics. The results showed that the ‘Robustness of Building’, ‘Building Density’, ‘Aspect Ratio’, and ‘Street Width’ are the most important among the twenty physical indicators considered in the proposed framework. Subsequently, the proposed framework was applied to one of the districts of Kerman, a major city located in the southwest, earthquake-prone part of Iran. Overall results indicate low levels of physical resilience. The findings of this study can provide urban planners and decision-makers with more transparent and practical insights into the physical resilience of cities. Results can also be used to design and implement policies and programs to improve the current conditions.
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Ebisudani, Maiko, and Akihiro Tokai. "The Application of Composite Indicators to Disaster Resilience: A Case Study in Osaka Prefecture, Japan." Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 1 (February 3, 2017): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v10n1p81.
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This paper presents an empirical verification of the measurement of baseline characteristics for fostering regional resilience. A set of indicators was selected from previous studies of disaster resilience, and an environmental element was added. The aims of the study were (1) to select a set of indicators that could be used for measuring disaster resilience, based on a review of the research literature, (2) to evaluate these indicators using the statistical approach of standardization, and to visualize the results using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology, and (3) to identify the key resilience characteristics using principal component analysis (PCA). The study focused on 29 municipalities in Osaka Prefecture, Japan. From the literature review, a total of 17 disaster resilience indicators were selected, covering economic, social, and community connection factors. The novel environmental attributes were selected from the literature on environmental sustainability. The standardized measures demonstrated that municipalities with a high level of resilience were also ranked highly on both the “social” and “community connection” attributes. The GIS mapping resulted a prominent urban-suburban divide, with urban areas having a lower level of resilience than suburban areas. The PCA demonstrated significant variation across the 29 municipalities, characterized by the factors “living standard” and “regional involvement.” An understanding of these baseline characteristics would allow governments to monitor chronological changes in the resilience of specific regions. This information can be used to support the establishment of an evaluation platform, and can contribute to a more systematic management of resilience.
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Shirzadi, Navid, Hadise Rasoulian, Fuzhan Nasiri, and Ursula Eicker. "Resilience Enhancement of an Urban Microgrid during Off-Grid Mode Operation Using Critical Load Indicators." Energies 15, no. 20 (October 18, 2022): 7669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207669.
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Microgrids (MGs) can be used as a solution to ensure resilience against power supply failures in electricity grids caused by extreme weather conditions, unavailability of generation capacities, and problems with transmission components. The literature is rich in research focusing on strengthening the planning of microgrids based on overall load demand. In this study, a critical load demand indicator will be calculated and used to identify optimum operation strategies of microgrids in a power failure mode. An urban microgrid with a large educational building is selected for the case study. Operation dispatch scenarios are developed to reinforce the system’s resiliency in severe conditions. A mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) approach is employed to identify global optimum dispatch solutions based on a next 48 h plan for different seasons to formulate a whole-year operational model. The results show that the loss of power supply probability (LPSP), as an indicator of resiliency, could be lowered to near zero while minimizing operational cost.
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Cerbaro, Mercio, Stephen Morse, Richard Murphy, Sarah Middlemiss, and Dimitrios Michelakis. "Assessing Urban Vulnerability to Flooding: A Framework to Measure Resilience Using Remote Sensing Approaches." Sustainability 14, no. 4 (February 17, 2022): 2276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14042276.
Full textAbstract:
Assessing and measuring urban vulnerability resilience is a challenging task if the right type of information is not readily available. In this context, remote sensing and Earth Observation (EO) approaches can help to monitor damages and local conditions before and after extreme weather events, such as flooding. Recently, the increasing availability of Google Street View (GSV) coverage offers additional potential ways to assess the vulnerability and resilience to such events. GSV is available at no cost, is easy to use, and is available for an increasing number of locations. This exploratory research focuses on the use of GSV and EO data to assess exposure, sensitivity, and adaptation to flooding in urban areas in the cities of Belem and Rio Branco in the Amazon region of Brazil. We present a Visual Indicator Framework for Resilience (VIFOR) to measure 45 indicators for these characteristics in 1 km2 sample areas in poor and richer districts in the two cities. The aim was to assess critically the extent to which GSV-derived information could be reliable in measuring the proposed indicators and how this new methodology could be used to measure vulnerability and resilience where official census data and statistics are not readily available. Our results show that variation in vulnerability and resilience between the rich and poor areas in both cities could be demonstrated through calibration of the chosen indicators using GSV-derived data, suggesting that this is a useful, complementary and cost-effective addition to census data and/or recent high resolution EO data. Furthermore, the GSV-linked approach used here may assist users who lack the technical skills to process raw EO data into usable information. The ready availability of insights on the vulnerability and resilience of diverse urban areas by straightforward remote sensing methods such as those developed here with GSV can provide valuable evidence for decisions on critical infrastructure investments in areas with low capacity to cope with flooding.
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Vicari, Rosa, Ioulia Tchiguirinskaia, and Daniel Schertzer. "Assessing the impact of outreach strategies in cities coping with climate risks." Geoscience Communication 2, no. 1 (January 21, 2019): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gc-2-25-2019.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The resilience of our cities to weather extremes relies both on physical environmental factors and on socio-economic factors. The latter includes communication processes among the members of an urban community. This paper presents a study that aims at appraising how public outreach campaigns influence urban resilience. According to this research, seizing the added value of science outreach efforts calls for an assessment method that takes into consideration the interactions between communication processes and other urban resilience drivers. The paper begins by presenting examples of methods to assess urban resilience to weather extremes. We then propose an approach to comprehend the impact of communication activities on resilience in the context of urban flood resilience strategies. We use five guiding criteria to define “resilience communication indicators” and we present two communication assessment experiments based on these criteria. These experiments were undertaken to assess communication activities addressed to non-specialist audiences and tailored for a flood resilience project in the Paris region. Different research methods were tested through these experiments, with the goal of comprehending their strengths and weaknesses in the framework of urban resilience strategies.