Relevant bibliographies by topics / Urban predator

Academic literature on the topic 'Urban predator'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Urban predator"

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Fonseca, Aldeiza M., and Bruno S. Sant'Anna. "Predation on eggs of the apple snail Pomacea dolioides (Reeve, 1856) in rural and urban areas of the Amazon." Marine and Freshwater Research 71, no. 6 (2020): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf19095.

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This study investigated the predation of eggs of the apple snail Pomacea dolioides in Itacoatiara, Amazonas, Brazil. Predation was compared between rural and urban areas, period of day, shaded and unshaded clutches. In addition, we evaluated clutch height and the behaviour of predators. Between April 2017 and July 2018, 962 egg clutches were observed at different times of the day: 492 in rural areas with predation of 68 egg clutches and 470 in urban areas with predation of only 9 egg clutches. Significant differences were recorded for predation rate and differences were recorded for egg clutch height in the areas. In the rural areas, the most frequent predators during the day were ants Solenopsis invicta, Crematogaster cf. carinata and the most abundant were S. invicta, Wasmannia aff. iheringi and C. cf. carinata. During the night, S. invicta was the most frequent and abundant predator. In urban areas, the frequency of predation and abundance of S. invicta were higher during the day and night than those of other predators. Populations of P. dolioides in rural areas are more affected by egg predation, mostly by S. invicta and C. cf. carinata, and predatory behaviour depended on the species of the predator.
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Schenk, Amber R., Thomas K. Stevens, and Amanda M. Hale. "Predator-Prey Dynamics Are Decoupled in the Raptor Community in a Large Urban Forest." Diversity 14, no. 3 (February 28, 2022): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14030177.

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Predator-prey dynamics are fundamental in shaping and regulating wildlife communities; however, these relationships are often altered by urbanization. An urban predation paradox, where predation rates are lower in urban areas despite an increase in predator abundance, has been observed in some predator communities. We looked for evidence of an urban predation paradox in a raptor community in a large urban forest fragment in north Texas, USA. From May–August 2019, we conducted weekly raptor surveys and deployed prey mimics along an urban-to-rural gradient within the forest fragment. We examined relationships between predation rates on mimics, predator abundance, and urbanization intensity using a variety of statistical tests. We detected 161 raptors representing eight species and found that raptor activity was significantly higher in our low urbanization sites. Of the 732 prey mimics deployed, 61 were attacked, and we found no relationship between predation rates and urbanization. Furthermore, we found no relationship between raptor activity and depredation events. Although we failed to find evidence for an urban predation paradox, our results showed a decoupling of the relationship between the abundance of predators and prey in this urban setting. The use of prey mimics is a useful tool for assessing predator-prey dynamics, and more research is necessary to fully understand the impacts of urbanization on this important ecological process.
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Jara, Rocío Fernanda, Ramiro Daniel Crego, Michael David Samuel, Ricardo Rozzi, and Jaime Enrique Jiménez. "Nest-site selection and breeding success of passerines in the world’s southernmost forests." PeerJ 8 (September 21, 2020): e9892. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9892.

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Background Birds can maximize their reproductive success through careful selection of nest-sites. The ‘total-foliage’ hypothesis predicts that nests concealed in vegetation should have higher survival. We propose an additional hypothesis, the ‘predator proximity’ hypothesis, which states that nests placed farther from predators would have higher survival. We examined these hypotheses in the world’s southernmost forests of Navarino Island, in the Cape Horn Biosphere reserve, Chile (55°S). This island has been free of mammalian ground predators until recently, and forest passerines have been subject to depredation only by diurnal and nocturnal raptors. Methods During three breeding seasons (2014–2017), we monitored 104 nests for the five most abundant open-cup forest-dwelling passerines (Elaenia albiceps, Zonotrichia capensis, Phrygilus patagonicus, Turdus falcklandii, and Anairetes parulus). We identified nest predators using camera traps and assessed whether habitat characteristics affected nest-site selection and survival. Results Nest predation was the main cause of nest failure (71% of failed nests). Milvago chimango was the most common predator, depredating 13 (87%) of the 15 nests where we could identify a predator. By contrast, the recently introduced mammal Neovison vison, the only ground predator, depredated one nest (7%). Species selected nest-sites with more understory cover and taller understory, which according to the total-foliage hypothesis would provide more concealment against both avian and mammal predators. However, these variables negatively influenced nest survival. The apparent disconnect between selecting nest-sites to avoid predation and the actual risk of predation could be due to recent changes in the predator assemblage driven by an increased abundance of native M. chimango associated with urban development, and/or the introduction of exotic mammalian ground predators to this island. These predator assemblage changes could have resulted in an ecological trap. Further research will be needed to assess hypotheses that could explain this mismatch between nest-site selection and nest survival.
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Threlfall, Caragh, Bradley Law, and Peter B. Banks. "Odour cues influence predation risk at artificial bat roosts in urban bushland." Biology Letters 9, no. 3 (June 23, 2013): 20121144. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.1144.

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Odours that accumulate from roosting can attract predators and increase predation risk. Consequently, selection should favour strategies that allow prey to evade detection by predators, including changing roosts. Insectivorous bats that roost in tree hollows regularly switch roosts and roost in different sized groups, strategies that would alter the accumulation of roost odours and are hypothesized to reduce predation risk. We experimentally manipulated the amount and refresh rate of roosting odour cues at 90 artificial bat roosts in Sydney, Australia, to test the hypothesis that odours increase predator visitation. Predators visited roosts with bat faeces significantly more often than untreated control roosts. Roosts with small amounts of faeces mimicking sites used by solitary bats had the greatest rate of visitation. This suggests that bats roosting alone, rather than in groups, have a greater likelihood of disturbance or predation. Roost switching probably decreases the predictability of finding occupied roosts; however, we show that all roosts (those currently or recently occupied) were visited by predators, suggesting generalist urban predators readily investigate potential roosts. This is the first demonstration that bat odours are attractive to predators that use olfactory cues, showing that bats are at risk of predation in visually cryptic roosts.
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Russell, James C., and Margaret C. Stanley. "An overview of introduced predator management in inhabited landscapes." Pacific Conservation Biology 24, no. 4 (2018): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc18013.

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Predators play a critical role in ecosystems; however, when overly abundant, they can disrupt natural processes and cause extinctions of species. In particular, oceanic islands have endured many impacts of introduced mammalian predators. Whereas knowledge and management of introduced mammalian predators on islands is well advanced in natural landscapes, in inhabited landscapes, spanning rural and urban environments, comparatively less is known. We summarise key issues from the natural and social sciences in the management of introduced mammalian predators in inhabited landscapes of Aotearoa–New Zealand. We describe the shift in focus over the past few decades from management of introduced mammalian herbivores to predators in rural environments, and the growth in management of introduced mammalian predators in urban environments, both seeking to emulate conservation gains made in forested landscapes. We discuss the circumstances around companion animal management at the interface of the natural and social sciences. We summarise surveys of attitudes towards introduced mammalian predators, the role of biodiversity co-management between Māori and Pakeha, and the importance of also considering non-biodiversity benefits from introduced predator management. We describe the rise of community predator control and large landscape projects aspiring for a ‘Predator Free New Zealand’, and how such an aspiration must be concurrent with habitat restoration. We make recommendations for further research on the basic population biology of predators in inhabited landscapes, and more long-term studies. Such studies should be integrated with examination of the motivations for predator management, as well as the biodiversity and social outcomes of such management. We conclude by remarking that introduced predator management is only one component of a robust national strategy for conservation of native biodiversity in New Zealand.
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Weterings, R., K. C. Vetter, and C. Umponstira. "Factors influencing the predation rates of Anisops breddini (Hemiptera: Notonectidae) feeding on mosquito larvae." Journal of Entomological and Acarological Research 46, no. 3 (December 21, 2014): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/jear.2014.4036.

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Notonectidae are a family of water bugs that are known to be important predators of mosquito larvae and have great potential in the biological control of vector mosquitoes. An experiment was conducted to assess mosquito larvae predation by <em>Anisops</em> <em>breddini</em>, a species common to Southeast Asia. The predation rates were recorded in context of prey density, predator density, predator size and prey type. Predation rates were strongly affected by prey type and less by prey density and predator density. They ranged between 1.2 prey items per day for pupae of <em>Aedes</em> <em>aegeypti</em> and <em>Armigeres</em> <em>moultoni</em> to 5.9 for <em>Ae</em>. <em>aegypti</em> larvae. Compared with studies on other Notonectidae species, the predation rates appear low, which is probably caused by the relative small size of the specimens used in this study. <em>An</em>. <em>breddini</em> is very common in the region and often found in urban areas; therefore, the species has potential as a biological control agent.
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Freitas, F., C. M. A. Tiesen, L. D. Battirola, and J. N. Corassa. "Predation of seeds of Cassia fistula L. (Fabaceae) by Bruchinae." Scientific Electronic Archives 11, no. 1 (February 7, 2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.36560/1112018448.

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Predation of seeds by bruquines can affect the development and viability of tree species. The objective of this study was to identify seed predator species of Cassia fistula L. (Fabaceae) used in the urban arborization of Sinop, Mato Grosso, as well as to evaluate the percentage of seed predation in relation to phenological phase and fruit size. One hundred fruits of C. fistula, from ten adult trees, located in the urban perimeter, were evaluated. In the laboratory the fruits were opened and the seeds classified according to their appearance, in healthy or predated. Pygiopachymerus lineola (Chevrolat, 1871) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae), was the only species found preying on the seeds of C. fistula. Seed analysis suggests a low level of predation by the insect. The relationship between fruit length and seed predation percentage was not observed and Cassia fistula can be considered a viable species for urban tree growing in Sinop, MT.
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Smith, Blaire L., Cara L. Snell, Matthew W. Reudink, and Ken A. Otter. "Urban-nesting mountain chickadees have a reduced response to a simulated predator." Behaviour 159, no. 3-4 (September 21, 2021): 301–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-bja10122.

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Abstract Anti-predator behaviour is common among birds, but little research exists on whether differences in the predator landscape between urban and rural habitats results in differential anti-predator behaviour. We compared nest-defence behaviour of mountain chickadees (Poecile gambeli) in urban and rural habitats in Kamloops, BC, Canada to a simulated predator model (snake) on top of nest boxes while incubating females were away from nests on foraging bouts. Upon their return, we recorded proximity to the predator model, latency to contact the nest box and enter the nest, and number of gargle and chick-a-dee calls as measures of anti-predator behaviour and compared multivariate “predator aversion scores” across birds occupying either rural or urban landscapes. Rural-nesting birds had more aversive reactions to the predator model than the urban-nesting birds, which may suggest differences in perceived threat of the model, in combination with increased boldness associated with urban-nesting birds.
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Isaac, Bronwyn, John White, Daniel Ierodiaconou, and Raylene Cooke. "Response of a cryptic apex predator to a complete urban to forest gradient." Wildlife Research 40, no. 5 (2013): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr13087.

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Context Urbanisation is one of the most damaging landscape-scale disturbance processes leading to significant and potentially irreversible changes in biodiversity. How apex predators respond to urbanisation is poorly understood, largely because of their low density and low detectability. Given the important functional roles of apex predators in ecosystems, it is critical that research investigates how they respond to urbanisation, and how urban systems can be designed to better support apex predators. Aims The present research aims to examine how an avian apex predator, the powerful owl, responds to a complete urban–forest gradient in southern Victoria, Australia. Specifically, the research aims to understand the environmental attributes that drive habitat suitability for powerful owls across the urban–forest gradient. Methods Using a total of 683 independent field- and atlas-derived records of powerful owls across the study site, the research takes a presence-only modelling approach. The presence points were modelled against a series of geospatial variables that were determined a priori on the basis of the known ecology of powerful owls. Key results Potential powerful owl habitat declined in a dramatic fashion in response to increasing levels of urbanisation, ranging from 76% of the forest landscape to 21% of the urban landscape. Powerful owl habitat availability across the urban–forest gradient is positively influenced by tree cover, productivity (normalised difference vegetation index) and proximity to river systems and riparian vegetation. Conclusions Presence-only modelling has provided a useful way for investigating the response of an apex predator to a gradient of urbanisation. Although powerful owl habitat availability is negatively reduced by urbanisation, there is significant scope to manage urban landscapes to either maintain or improve the availability of habitat across the gradient. Implications High resource-requiring species, such as apex predators, have the capacity to be detrimentally affected by urbanisation processes. Presence-only modelling, however, provides a useful tool for investigating how these difficult-to-detect species are affected by urbanisation, and ultimately inform how landscapes can be managed to maximise habitat availability for apex predators.
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Li, Han, and Kenneth T. Wilkins. "Predator-Prey Relationship between Urban Bats and Insects Impacted by Both Artificial Light at Night and Spatial Clutter." Biology 11, no. 6 (May 27, 2022): 829. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11060829.

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Predators respond to the increase of prey by aggregation in space or foraging more often. However, foraging habitat suitability limits predators’ responses. For nocturnal insectivorous bats, artificial light at night (ALAN) can trigger insect prey aggregation. It is not clear how ALAN might affect predator-prey relationships in the urban setting, where urban bats could have adapted to the city, and novel spatial complexity introduced by man-made objects might alter foraging habitat suitability. We strategically selected sites to represent different levels of ALAN and spatial complexity. We recorded bat commuting and foraging activities and collected aerial insects to examine how ALAN and spatial complexity affected bat-insect relationships. We found that insect biomass was positively correlated with ALAN, but was not affected by spatial complexity. Large-sized big brown bats and hoary bats positively responded to change of prey in open sites whereas small-sized eastern red bats and silver-haired bats positively responded in cluttered sites, suggesting that the impact of ALAN could vary when ALAN is coupled with urban spatial complexity. Our study demonstrates that foraging habitat suitability can alter which species might benefit from ALAN. Predator-prey relationships in cities are complex, but general ecological principles still apply in novel urban ecosystems.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urban predator"

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Lambert, David J., and n/a. "Ecology of invertebrates and predator - prey interactions on mosquito larvae in urban wetlands, ACT Australia." University of Canberra. Applied Science, 1989. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060815.125401.

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Giralang Pond was a water body, with little emergent or submerged vegetation, designed to trap fine sediment and buffer input of rising water to Ginninderra Wetland downstream. Ginninderra Wetland was designed to retain and use sediment nutrients and other potential hazardous materials in urban run-off. Water in the Wetland was more turbid and had lower magnesium concentration, redox potentials and dissolved oxygen concentration than did Giralang Pond. Water temperature was a minimum of 4 °C in the winter and reached a summer maximum of 30 °C Giralang Pond had more organisms but fewer taxa than Ginninderra Wetland. The greatest abundance in the pond resulted principally from high numbers of two numerically dominant species Calamoecia sp. and Micronecta sp.. More organisms were found in vegetated habitats of Ginninderra Wetland than open water habitats. The number of invertebrates and the number of taxa found in Typha domingensis did not differ significantly from similar estimates for Schoenplectus validus, Gambusia qffinis was the dominant predator in both water bodies. On one occasion, G. qffinis reached population densities of 35 individuals per m-2 . G. qffinis was five times more abundant in Gininnderra Wetland than in Giralang Pond and also showed a preference for vegetated areas. G. qffinis over-grazed it's prey on several occasions. G. qffinis, invertebrate predators and prey followed a pattern of a community in a stable predator-prey cycle. Prey in early spring increased population numbers and then decreased when G. qffinis and other predators increased their numbers. The pattern was further strengthened by occurring in both areas of open water and vegetated habitat types.
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Butler, George D. Jr, and T. J. Henneberry. "Sweetpotato Whitefly Natural Enemies: Parasite Surveys in Urban Areas and Cotton Fields and Identification of a New Predator." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/209571.

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Surveys for adult sweetpotato whitefly parasites on ornamentals in urban areas and in cultivated cotton fields show high parasite activity in urban areas vs. activity in cultivated cotton fields. A previously unreported Drapetis spp. fly was identified and found to occur in cotton fields in several areas in the state.
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Muller, Rebecca. "How does urbanisation affect the breeding performance of African Crowned Eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus)?" Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30892.

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Birds face many challenges from the process of urbanisation. Those species that are able to occupy urban areas offer opportunities to understand processes of acclimatisation to urban life and may help in the development of urban spaces for the benefit of wildlife. In many bird species, individuals that occupy territories in more urban areas show lower productivity and lower body condition of nestlings, which is thought to be mediated by food availability. Most of the studies exploring this issue were done on passerines and carried out in the global north, with very few studies exploring this topic on non-passerines, and even fewer in Africa. Studies addressing urban productivity in apex predators with slow life histories that are often of conservation concern are largely missing. Here, we explore the breeding performance of the African Crowned Eagles (Stephanoaetus coronatus) across an urbanisation gradient in KwaZuluNatal, South Africa. Specifically, we explored the hypothesis that living in an urban environment allows this species, which is typically a biennial breeder, to breed annually more often (i.e. increased breeding rate), and whether this might increase the productivity of this species. We also explore whether there may be any hidden costs of such a breeding strategy by examining the condition of chicks for pairs which had successfully bred in the previous year. We found that Crowned Eagles breeding in more urban areas attempted to breed more often (i.e., higher breeding rate), but that these birds also suffered from lower breeding success. These two contrasting responses counteracted each other and meant that overall productivity (number of young produced per occupied territory) was not influenced by urbanisation. Breeding annually did not appear to have a negative cost on the chick condition, as offspring in the year following a successful breeding attempt did not have lowered body condition. This species appears to be well adjusted to breeding in an urban environment. Crowned Eagles are currently considered vulnerable in South Africa, and ensuring that an urban population of this species is able to persist can help secure the conservation status of this charismatic species.
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Maran, Audrey Marie. "The effect of anthropogenic habitat modification on insect-mediated ecosystem services." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1594488419133855.

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Malpass, Jennifer S. "Effects of food and vegetation on breeding birds and nest predators in the suburban matrix." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1446725882.

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Parker, Denisha M. "Drivers of Predatory Insect Distribution in Urban Greenspaces." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1619126809030714.

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Thomas, Rebecca L. "The predatory behaviour of the urban domestic cat Felis catus L." Thesis, University of Reading, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558771.

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Domestic cats (Felis catus) are predators that can attain very high densities and have the potential to detrimentally affect prey populations. Densities of cats in the town of Reading were comparable with other UK studies, and were on average 463 cats/km", with cat density increasing as a function of housing density. Mean rates of predation were estimated at 18.3 prey items car I year' I, but this was highly spatially and temporarily variable. Predation by domestic cats may be removing up to 40% of the prey population in some species. Variation in rates of predation between individuals was high. Cat owners can influence the predatory habits of their cats by using belled collars and by restricting the access of their cats to the outdoors overnight. Male cats were found to have higher predation rates than female cats, especially when under 3 years of age. Within prey species, there was also variation in the likelihood of being predated. The roaming behaviour of male wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) leads to an increased likelihood of being predated, demonstrating a cost to the dispersing sex. The proportion of prey returned home by cats was investigated using faecal analysis. It was shown that as rates of predation are low in urban cats, faecal samples would need " to be collected over a longer period oftime to detect prey items. The average area ranged by a cat was 1.94ha and when occasional exploratory movements were included the ranging area increased to 6.88ha. Range area was not affected by sex or season, but ranges were found to be significantly larger at night than during the day. These data suggest that keeping cats in at night would reduce the distance that they range and reduce rates of predation. 9.
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Kennedy, Sara I. "White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) Fawn Survival and Seasonal Movement Patterns of White-tailed Deer and Coyotes (Canis latrans) in the Cleveland Metropolitan Area." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1449221457.

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Reidy, Jennifer L. "Golden-cheeked warbler nest success and nest predators in urban and rural landscapes." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4968.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2007.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on November 1, 2007) Includes bibliographical references.
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Nagel, Kiara L. "Understanding place after Katrina : predatory planning and cultural resistance in New Orleans Tremé Neighborhood." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37867.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-99).
The fate of New Orleans in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina is uncertain. The rebuilding of the Gulf Coast presents the nation with the most massive redevelopment project in a single location ever. Reminiscent of the Urban Renewal changes between the late 1940s and early 1970s. Urban Renewal redevelopment projects were touted as being beneficial to the city by providing easier access to downtown and the construction of new housing. However, hindsight and scholarship coupled with the experience of thousands of residents, has taught us that the lasting effects of urban renewal included displacement of residents, disruption of community ties, and extensive psychological traumas associated with these shocks. In New Orleans, for example, the heart of the black business district along Claiborne Avenue in the Treme neighborhood, one of the oldest African American neighborhoods in the country, was cleared for the construction of the I-10 Expressway. The Storyville section, arguably the birthplace of jazz, was broken apart to make room for the Iberville Housing Projects. The fight against Armstrong Park continued for several decades, eventually ending in defeat with the displacement of over 400 families.
(cont.) Now, Hurricane Katrina has uprooted hundreds of low-income residents, many of whom were victims of Urban Renewal, others of whom are the children of those victims, raised on their stories. The neighborhood's history of cultural resistance is rooted in the public commons, once again under threat in the redevelopment process. New Orleans residents and organizers are scrambling for a foothold in the process despite widespread trauma and limited capacity. Planners have an opportunity to rethink their role in the context of synergistic damage accumulation, widespread trauma, and a new level of predatory planning. The time ripe to examine the lessons of the past and explore the implications they may have for the current rebuilding process in post-Katrina New Orleans.
by Kiara L. Nagel.
M.C.P.
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Books on the topic "Urban predator"

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs. Subcommittee on Policy Research and Insurance. Predatory pricing within the Farm Credit System: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Policy Research and Insurance of the Committee on Banking, Finance, and Urban Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, March 27, 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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Restoring the American dream: Solutions to predatory lending and the foreclosure crisis : field hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Tenth Congress, second session, on solutions to predatory lending and the foreclosure crisis, Monday, April 7, 2008. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2010.

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Preserving the American dream: Predatory lending practices and home foreclosures : hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session on the impact of exotic mortgage products on homebuyers and homeowners, Wednesday, February 7, 2007. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2009.

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Predatory mortgage lending: The problem, impact, and responses : hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, first session on the examination of the problem, impact, and responses of predatory mortgage lending practices, July 26 and 27, 2001. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2002.

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Agencies, United States Congress Senate Committee on Appropriations Subcommittee on VA-HUD-Independent. Predatory lending: Joint hearing before a subcommittee of the Committee on Appropriations, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, first session, special hearing, May 14, 2001, Baltimore, MD. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2003.

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United States. Dept. of Defense, ed. A review of the Department of Defense's report on predatory lending practices directed at members of the Armed Forces and their dependents: Hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Ninth Congress, second session, on unfair or abusive loans, credit sales transactions, and collections practices that are particularly harmful to service members as it undermines military readiness and harms troop morale, Thursday, September 14, 2006. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2009.

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United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Predatory mortgage lending practices: Abusive uses of yield spread premiums : hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Seventh Congress, second session on the issues surrounding the uses and misuses of yield spread premiums in light of the Department of Housing and Urban Development's announced intention of putting out a proposed rule on the Real Estate Resettlement Procedures Act, January 8, 2002. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2003.

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Ending mortgage abuse: Safeguarding homebuyers : hearing before the Subcommittee on Housing, Transportation, and Community Development of the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, on exploring how homebuyers and homeowners can be safeguarded from predatory and abusive mortgage products and practices, Tuesday, June 26, 2007. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2009.

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Inc, Game Counselor. Game Counselor's Answer Book for Nintendo Players. Redmond, USA: Microsoft Pr, 1991.

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McDougal, Topher L. Production and Predation. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792598.003.0002.

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This chapter will outline some conceptual frameworks for understanding why and under what circumstances rural dwellers might take up their pitchforks against urban centers. Section 2.1 establishes common definitions of the terms and concepts employed. Section 2.2 explains the advantages of using a production network lens to examine the economy. Section 2.3 places the following chapters in a unifying theoretical framework, introduce the role of the state and mechanisms and processes of economic governance more generally. It describes the twin processes of production and predation as aspects of a broader dialectic between intensification and extensification. Section 2.4 constructs a simple model of the rural-urban relationship in conflict to theorize when predators will attempt to prey on the cities, versus when they remain in hinterlands.
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Book chapters on the topic "Urban predator"

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Lapintie, Kimmo. "The epistemology of escape and predator epistemology." In Planning and the Multi-local Urban Experience, 16–32. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003124443-2.

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Bednar-Friedl, Birgit, Doris A. Behrens, Dieter Grass, Olivia Koland, and Ulrike Leopold-Wildburger. "Handling the Complexity of Predator-Prey Systems: Managerial Decision Making in Urban Economic Development and Sustainable Harvesting." In Dynamic Modeling and Econometrics in Economics and Finance, 127–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39120-5_8.

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Dhang, Partho, Philip Koehler, Roberto Pereira, and Daniel D. Dye II. "Mosquitoes." In Key questions in urban pest management: a study and revision guide, 23–30. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620179.0003.

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Abstract This book chapter discusses mosquitoes as deadly disease vectors. Biological control is usually implemented for control of larval populations using predators (e.g. top feeding minnows and copepods) or pathogens and pathogen products (i.e., Bacillus thuringiensis israeliensis and B. sphericus). Genetic control is being implemented by releasing sterilized male mosquitoes (genetically modified, radiation sterilised, or transgenic mosquitoes). It starts with minimizing bites through the use of window screens on houses and animal shelters, and the use of treated bed nets and personal repellents. Habitat modification is a reliable method that eliminates adult resting sites and source reduction of larval development areas.
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Dhang, Partho, Philip G. Koehler, Roberto M. Pereira, and Daniel D. Dye II. "Cockroaches." In Key questions in urban pest management: a study and revision guide, 47–54. Wallingford: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781800620179.0006.

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Abstract This book chapter discusses cockroaches. Ovoviviparous cockroaches form an egg capsule externally from the body but then withdraw it into a brood sac, females provide water until the eggs hatch, and the nymphs emerge from the female's body. For viviparous cockroaches, the ootheca is withdrawn into the female's body, the eggs develop in the brood sac, and eggs are fed nutrients by the female until the birth of the nymphs. They can cause psychopathology where the thought or sight of cockroaches, or contact with surfaces where cockroaches have been, can affect a person's perception of their own well-being. There are cockroaches that live in temperate and tropical forests, grasslands, salt marshes, aquatic habitats, caves, and deserts. In structures, they have been found feeding on soap, glue and wire insulation, but they usually feed on human food scraps. Cockroach nymphs and adults are primarily scavengers living on feces, decaying leaves and wood, as well as dead animals. Most of these novel developments in reproduction were to protect eggs from parasitoids and predators. The development of the cockroach is hemimetabolous, meaning that there is an egg, nymphal, and adult stage. The eggs of cockroaches are usually deposited in an egg capsule called an ootheca. The German cockroach is the most difficult cockroach to control worldwide due to its resistance to many insecticides. Sanitation and cultural control involve the removal of food, water, and harborage that cockroaches rely on in order to survive. Cockroaches need food, water, and harborage to survive and thrive. As a result, cockroach Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is the best method of protecting people and their properties from cockroaches.
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Berger, Anne, Madeleine Geiger, and Anouk Lisa Taucher. "Nachhaltiger Schutz von Igelpopulationen in städtischen und ländlichen Lebensräumen." In Evidenzbasiertes Wildtiermanagement, 103–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-65745-4_5.

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ZusammenfassungIgel gehören zu den beliebtesten und bekanntesten Wildtieren in Europa, allerdings existiert auch sehr viel Unwissen in der breiten Bevölkerung, nicht nur bezüglich der Lebensweise von Igeln, sondern auch bezüglich der lokalen Bestände. So sind die seit Jahrzehnten europaweit stattfindenden und gerade in ländlichen Gebieten ernst zu nehmenden Rückgänge der Igelbestände der breiten Öffentlichkeit zumeist verborgen geblieben. Ebenso wenig ist bekannt, dass ein Stoppen dieser Bestandsrückgänge – und damit der Erhalt dieser Tierart – nur durch nachhaltige Schutzmaßnahmen möglich sein wird.Generell sind die Hauptziele eines nachhaltigen Artenschutzes die Sicherung 1) der Nahrungsgrundlage und 2) der Schutzstrukturen für ihre Nester sowie 3) die Vernetzung der Lebensräume dieser Art. Nachhaltige Schutzmaßnahmen für Igelpopulationen werden entsprechend diesen drei Hauptzielen und getrennt für den ländlichen und städtischen Lebensraum aufgeführt und in einer tabellarischen Übersicht zusammengefasst (Tab. 5.1).Die effektivsten Schutzmaßnahmen in landwirtschaftlich geprägten Gegenden bestehen dabei in der Umgestaltung der industriellen zu einer ökologischen und strukturierten Agrarwirtschaft; im städtischen Bereich werden Igel am nachhaltigsten geschützt, indem Grünflächen qualitativ und quantitativ erhalten und aufgewertet werden.Einleitend werden wichtige Fakten zur Biologie des Igels gegeben, um grundlegende Einsichten in die speziellen Ansprüche dieses Tieres zu vermitteln, was wiederum für das Verständnis und die Umsetzung von Schutz- und Fördermaßnahmen wichtig ist. Abschließend werden Methoden beschrieben, mit denen ein Monitoring von Igelpopulationen erfolgen kann, zum Beispiel für eine Wirkungskontrolle nach der Umsetzung von Schutz- und Fördermaßnahmen.SummaryHedgehogs are one of the most popular wild animals in Europe, but there is a lack of knowledge among the general public about the hedgehog's way of life as well as their numbers in the wild. For example, the declines in hedgehog populations that have been taking place throughout Europe for decades, and which are particularly serious in rural areas, have mostly remained hidden from the general public. Moreover it is nearly unknown that only sustainable conservation measures can stop these population declines, and thus preserve this species.In general, the main objectives of sustainable species conservation are to secure 1) their nutrition base, 2) structures and material for nests and predation avoidance, and 3) the connectivity of the habitats of this species. Here, sustainable conservation measures for hedgehog populations are listed according to these three main objectives and separately for rural and urban habitats, and summarized in a tabular overview (Tab. 5.1).The most effective conservation measures in agricultural areas are the conversion of industrial agriculture to ecological and structured agriculture; in urban areas hedgehogs are most sustainably protected by maintaining and enhancing the quality and quantity of green spaces.Introductory, important facts about hedgehog biology are given to provide basic insights into the special requirements of this animal, which in turn is important for understanding and implementing conservation measures. Finally, monitoring methods for hedgehog populations are described e.g. in order to evaluate the impact of conservation measures.
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"4527 predator [n]." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning, 736–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_10393.

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Shaw, Ian G. R. "Policing Everything." In Predator Empire. University of Minnesota Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5749/minnesota/9780816694730.003.0006.

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The fifth chapter explores the militarization of U.S. policing and connects it to the wider idea of “enclosure” and policing civilization. It also looks at technological forms of policing. The chapter finishes by looking at the “dronification” of the urban atmosphere and future drones that can “swarm” in the atmosphere.
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Isaksson, Caroline, and Frances Bonier. "Urban Evolutionary Physiology." In Urban Evolutionary Biology, 217–33. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198836841.003.0014.

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Organisms living in urban environments are exposed to many novel, sometimes beneficial, but most often challenging conditions. These conditions include increased exposure to chemical pollution, artificial light at night, noise, altered pathogen and predator communities, increased abundance of often poor quality food, increased temperature, and increased human presence and disturbances. Given the central role of a variety of physiological responses in coping with challenges such as these, the authors of the chapter expect that the range of physiological phenotypes expressed by individuals and species will dramatically influence their ability to persist in urban habitat and cope with urban challenges. They also expect that plasticity in components of these physiological systems will be an important target of selection imposed by the challenges confronting urban populations. The chapter takes a closer look at three fundamental physiological systems in animals that are central components of coping responses to environmental challenges, namely detoxification, and endocrine and metabolic systems.
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Scott, Graham. "Foraging and avoiding predators." In Essential Ornithology, 120–39. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804741.003.0006.

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The chapter considers the generalist and specialist diets of birds, and the behaviours and adaptations used by birds to find food. Special attention is given to the threat to birds from plastics pollution and the impact of plastic ingestion. Cooperative foraging and cooperative hunting are discussed as are the behaviours adopted by birds that do not cooperate or share. Feeding behaviour is considered in light of the theory of optimal foraging, particularly in relation to prey choice and to the balancing of risk. The impact of urban living upon the diets and foraging behaviours of birds is discussed. A broad range of predator avoidance behaviours are described and evaluated.
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Wilson, Jackson, and Jeff Rose. "A predator in the park: Mixed methods analysis of user preference for coyotes in urban parks." In Multispecies Leisure, 145–61. Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003145677-12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Urban predator"

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Guo, Shuang, Xiuli Li, Jian Yu, and Xiu Ren. "Hopf-Fold Bifurcation Analysis in a Delayed Predator-prey Models." In Security-enriched Urban Computing and Smart Grids 2016. Science & Engineering Research Support soCiety, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/astl.2016.137.11.

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Timuş, Asea, and Elena Baban. "Entomofauna speciei Rosa canina l. din zona de centru a Republicii Moldova." In International symposium ”Actual problems of zoology and parasitology: achievements and prospects” dedicated to the 100th anniversary from the birth of academician Alexei Spassky. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/9789975665902.79.

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In the work are exposed investigations in 2007-2017 of entomofauna with development on the species Rosa canina L. from various urban and rural biotopes in the center of the Republic of Moldova. In total, were recorded 52 species of insects in 9 orders (Orthoptera, Homoptera, Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Coleoptera, Neuroptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Diptera) and 1 mite (Trombidiformes). Of these, 17 species of insects have developed large populations and impact on the rose, 12 insect species developed annual faunistic populations, 12 solitary and rare individuals, 2 species one individual. At the same time, 4 species have been recorded recently: Harmonia axiridis (predators afidophagus), Polygonia c-album (nectar consumer and pollinator), Blenocampa phyllocopa (phytophagus in the larval stage) and Dasineura rosae (gallicol in the larval stage). The species Epicometis hirta was affected by the calamity of 21-23 April 2017, after which it was not recorded in the center of the republic, including the usual host plants, thus being considered an ecological indicator.
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Sgaramella, Chiara, Christian Alonso Madrid, and Ferran Lega Lladós. "Territorios de confluencia: una aproximación socio-eco-estética a las ecologías del Delta del río Llobregat." In V Congreso Internacional de Investigacion en Artes Visuales ANIAV 2022. RE/DES Conectar. València: Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/aniav2022.2022.15458.

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El Delta del río Llobregat es un ecosistema biodiverso pero a la vez frágil, situado a pocos kilómetros del centro de Barcelona. Esta red de humedales constituye el hábitat principal para diferentes especies de flora y fauna protegidas, y representa también la zona agrícola periurbana más importante del área metropolitana de Barcelona. Los equilibrios ecológicos de este complejo biotopo se han visto gravemente afectados por las transformaciones urbanísticas que han tenido lugar en las últimas décadas en la capital catalana y sus alrededores. La ampliación de infraestructuras como el puerto y el aeropuerto de Barcelona junto al desarrollo incontrolado del tejido urbano y de una red de carreteras y ferrocarriles, han fragmentado el territorio generando una dramática reducción del hábitat, así como unos profundos cambios en los usos del suelo.El Grupo de trabajo de las ecologías híbridas del Delta del Llobregat estudia esta “zona de sacrificio” como un ecosistema naturcultural donde se hacen visibles las múltiples criticidades que caracterizan el modelo neoliberal y su relación predatoria con el medio ambiente. Haciendo referencia a las nociones de ecosofía (Guattari, 1996) y cura interespecie (Puig de la Bellacasa, 2017), el grupo propone un acercamiento perceptivo a este lugar a través de proyectos de creación artística, mediación cultural y comisariado. Basándose en metodologías colaborativas y transdisciplinares, el colectivo busca formular otras narraciones para encontrar nuevos significados y estrategias de compromiso ecosocial con el territorio.Esta comunicación recoge los procesos de investigación que se han plasmado en la instalación titulada Observatorio naturcultural del Delta del río Llobregat: patrones de complejidad, realizada en el contexto de la exposición Imaginarios multiespecies. El arte de vivir en un mundo de contingencia e incertidumbre (febrero-abril de 2022) en la Capella, Barcelona, ahondando en las reflexiones teóricas que han impulsado esta indagación así como en su formalización estética.
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Miguel Marques, Fernando. "“ALImentáRIO” - Holder for the Supplementary Feeding of Wild Birds." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001397.

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This is an animal design project (design thinking to meet the needs of animals) which aims to bring birds into contact with humans and - through this solution - to bring the sound and movement produced by them into our lives (whether in the countryside, whether in the urban landscape), which can be translated into joy and peace achieved by the harmony of natural wildlife in our domestic environment.Starting question Knowing that birds are elusive and fearful animals, but also can bring joy and movement to our daily lives, how can we attract them to our coexistence? Supplementary feeding can be a good solution, and there are already some versions available on the international market, especially in countries where winter is more extreme. In southern Europe, feeding birds is still not a very common practice. Depending on the type of food the birds eat in their natural habitat and, depending on the endogenous birds, there are variations in the diet, and only a test of placing food available to the birds will determine the type of food to be placed in the supplementary feeder.The "AlimentáRIO" (feeder) is a ceramic supplementary feeding stand/holder that can contain various types of food, in order to test if birds can be attracted close to your home.There are several types of bird food: nectar, seeds, worms, fruit, tallow/lard... And, for each of these types of food, there is a specific type of feeder. The "AlimentáRIO" is a versatile feeder intended to cover all types. Nectar is more suitable for birds that can pollinate during late winter and early spring, when insects are less active. For these reasons, nectar should only be placed in feeders as a food supplement in the winter and autumn.In Portugal, there are some birds that drink nectar, according to Luís Pascoal da Silva , a researcher at CIBIO-inBIO. The scientist states that there are several pollinating birds in Portugal, but the study of the contribution of these birds to pollination is scarce. Seeds - besides the traditional canary seed - can contain sunflower seeds or nuts, such as walnuts and peanuts, depending on the endogenous birds. Fruit is also sought after by some species of birds, namely apples and pears, in addition to other exotic fruits. However, in general, birds can be drawn to any type of fruit. Fat balls are usually tallow/lard balls with seeds and fruits to reinforce supplementary feeding during cold seasons. The "AlimentáRIO" is a suspended wild bird feeder that can be hung in more or less sheltered places, made with materials resistant to the elements, without the need for maintenance. However, its cleaning must be done according to the recommendations referred to in the full article. As already mentioned, the construction materials are low maintenance, and the food container and the deflecting bell jar are made with stoneware - the type of ceramics more resistant to both bumps and thermal variations. The junction of the two parts is made with a nickel-plated threaded rod, covered with an aluminium tube, and all components are joined by manual screw threads, which allows to assemble and disassemble it without the use of any tools, thus facilitating an in-depth cleaning at the end of the supplementary feeding season.The "AlimentáRIO" has a lower part with four concavities for placing food, which allows the possible placement of different types of food at the same time, thus drawing different species. As it is a feeder consisting of a protective and deflecting bell jar, the birds are protected from possible direct attacks from predators and from falling leaves in the autumn. The fact that it is a supplementary feeder that can be hung with a rope makes it difficult for rats and squirrels to get close to the food, given that, if by chance these animals manage to descend on the rope, they must also overcome the challenge of getting through the bell jar (which is a spherical cap) to get to the place where the food is. The results of the placement tests of this supplementary feeder have been reassuring, which show that the feeders foster the approximation of wild birds in relatively short periods of time - between 3 weeks and one month.
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