Academic literature on the topic 'Urban poor – case studies'
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Journal articles on the topic "Urban poor – case studies"
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Salcedo, Rodrigo, and Alejandra Rasse. "The Heterogeneous Nature of Urban Poor Families." City & Community 11, no. 1 (March 2012): 94–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2011.01385.x.
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This paper addresses the scholarly debate on cultural homogeneity or heterogeneity of urban poor families. While authors such as Lewis (1959) or Wacquant (2000 ; 2001) claim that structural disadvantages are linked to a particular type of identity or culture, others such as Hannerz (1969) , Anderson (1999 ; 2002) , or Portes ( Portes and Manning, 1986 ; Portes and Jensen, 1989 ) believe that it is possible to find different behaviors, expectations, decision–making processes, and outcomes among people living in seemingly identical structural conditions ( Small et al., 2010 ). Using Santiago, Chile, as a case study, we differentiate five different cultures or identities among the poor. Those identities seem to be the product of different historical and political circumstances, as well as of different types of public policies. The paper ends with a discussion of the need for poverty reduction policies to consider these differences among the poor.
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Cheah, Chee Wei, and Christina K. C. Lee. "Housing the urban poor through strategic networks: A cross-case analysis." Habitat International 124 (June 2022): 102579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2022.102579.
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Basu, Koushambhi, and Salil Basu. "Urban poor women: Coping with poverty and ill-health in slums of Delhi." Social Change 30, no. 1-2 (March 2000): 179–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004908570003000212.
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Urban poverty is a multi-dimensional problem which has been studied from different perspectives by various researchers. An important way of understanding the magnitude of urban poverty is by exploring the conditions of life in urban slums. More important is to understand the problems and needs of slum women who have the primary responsibility of their families. Any improvement in their status will directly benefit the families as a unit. This paper aims to highlight the perceptions, sufferings and felt needs of urban poor women, based essentially on case studies conducted in a slum of Delhi. A few suggestions for betterment in the quality of life of urban slum dwellers have also been given.
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Khemro, Beng Hong Socheat, and Geoffrey Payne. "Improving tenure security for the urban poor in Phnom Penh, Cambodia: an analytical case study." Habitat International 28, no. 2 (June 2004): 181–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-3975(03)00067-5.
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Akbar, H. M. Delwar, John R. Minnery, Basil van Horen, and Phil Smith. "Community water supply for the urban poor in developing countries: The case of Dhaka, Bangladesh." Habitat International 31, no. 1 (March 2007): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2006.03.001.
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Andreasen, Jorgen. "The poor don't squat: the case of Thika, Kenya." Environment and Urbanization 1, no. 2 (October 1989): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095624788900100203.
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Colenbrander, Sarah, Andy Gouldson, Joyashree Roy, Niall Kerr, Sayantan Sarkar, Stephen Hall, Andrew Sudmant, et al. "Can low-carbon urban development be pro-poor? The case of Kolkata, India." Environment and Urbanization 29, no. 1 (December 16, 2016): 139–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247816677775.
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Fast-growing cities in the global South have an important role to play in climate change mitigation. However, city governments typically focus on more pressing socioeconomic needs, such as reducing urban poverty. To what extent can social, economic and climate objectives be aligned? Focusing on Kolkata in India, we consider the economic case for low-carbon urban development, and assess whether this pathway could support wider social goals. We find that Kolkata could reduce its energy bill by 8.5 per cent and greenhouse gas emissions by 20.7 per cent in 2025, relative to business-as-usual trends, by exploiting readily available, economically attractive mitigation options. Some of these measures offer significant social benefits, particularly in terms of public health; others jeopardize low-income urban residents’ livelihoods, housing and access to affordable services. Our findings demonstrate that municipal mitigation strategies need to be designed and delivered in collaboration with affected communities in order to minimize social costs and – possibly – achieve transformative change.
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Boonjubun, Chaitawat. "Also the Urban Poor Live in Gated Communities: A Bangkok Case Study." Social Sciences 8, no. 7 (July 22, 2019): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/socsci8070219.
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Gated communities, one of those originally Western developments, have suddenly been found in cities in the Global South. “Gated communities”, often defined on the basis of their physical form, have been criticized for disconnecting residents from their neighbors outside the gates and reducing social encounters between them. Focusing on cities in the Global South, a large body of research on social encounters between the residents of gated communities and others outside has used case studies of the middle class living in gated communities versus the poor living outside in slums, squats, or public housing. The assumption that gated communities are regarded as enclosed residential spaces exclusively for the middle class, while the poor are found solely in “informal” settlements, may have an effect of stigmatizing the poor and deepening class divisions. It is rare to find studies that take into account the possibility that there also exist gated communities in which the poor are residents. This article examines who the residents of gated communities are, and at the same time analyzes the extent to which people living in gated communities socialize with others living outside. Based on the results of qualitative research in Bangkok, Thailand, in particular, the article critically studies enclosed high-rise housing estates and shows the following: Walls and security measures have become standard features in new residential developments; not only the upper classes, but also the poor live in gated communities; the amenities which gated communities provide are available to outsiders as well; and residents living in gated communities do not isolate themselves inside the walls but seek contact and socialize with outsiders. This article argues that the Western concept of “gated communities” needs to be tested and contextualized in the study of cities in the Global South.
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Odume, Oghenekaro Nelson, Blessing Nonye Onyima, Chika Felicitas Nnadozie, Gift Ochonogor Omovoh, Thandi Mmachaka, Blessing Odafe Omovoh, Jude Edafe Uku, Frank Chukwuzuoke Akamagwuna, and Francis Ofurum Arimoro. "Governance and Institutional Drivers of Ecological Degradation in Urban River Ecosystems: Insights from Case Studies in African Cities." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (October 29, 2022): 14147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114147.
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The degradation of rivers in urban landscapes is alarming and impaired their ecological functions and the services they provide to society. In African cities, urban rivers are among the most degraded ecosystems, yet ecologically sustainable utilisation of river resources can contribute to and support sustainable urban development. In this paper, we identify and analyse key governance and institutional drivers of ecological change in urban river systems in the Swartkops catchment in South Africa and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) in Nigeria. Our results indicate that poor ecological conditions of rivers in the two urban landscapes can be attributed to: (1) a lack of system view of the water value chain and associated infrastructure, (2) ambiguity in roles, responsibilities, and poor accountability, (3) prioritizing short-term social–economic–political agenda over long-term environmental sustainability goals, (4) institutional silos and failure of cooperative governance, and (5) over-centralised, top-down, state-centric governance processes. Strengthening the interactions between actors in the science, policy and practice domains, mainstreaming planning with rivers in integrated urban development plans, and strengthening cooperative and polycentric governance across administrative scales are key governance and institutional processes needed to address the trajectory of urban ecological degradation. Our paper sheds light on the fundamental role of strengthening governance and institutional processes for steering urban rivers toward sustainable paths for city resilience.
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Ahmad, Adil Mustafa. "Housing submarkets for the urban poor - the case of Greater Khartoum, the Sudan." Environment and Urbanization 1, no. 2 (October 1989): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095624788900100206.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Urban poor – case studies"
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Pratt, Jennifer D. (Jennifer Dana). "Housing the urban poor--a case for space-sharing in Ahmedabad, India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69273.
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Lucenet, Frederic Pascal. "Land for housing the poor through urban agriculture : the case of Lusaka, Zambia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76003.
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Raouf, Sina. "Shelter for the urban poor : is local government the answer? the case of Lusaka, Zambia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76868.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1987.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Vita.
Bibliography: leaves 84-88.
by Sina Raouf.
M.C.P.
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Tañada, Cristina R. "The sustainability of credit assistance to the urban poor : a Philippine case study." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26340.
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Urban poverty in the Philippines is strikingly manifested with the problem of street children. The labour of children is significant because of marginal household incomes. This thesis is an assessment of the credit program of one community based Non-Government Organization in Manila. The Family and Children for Empowerment (FCED), attempts to augment household incomes through the provision of low interest loans to women for informal micro-enterprises. The study is exploratory. The results reveal that most beneficiaries have achieved an income high enough to prevent their children from working and give families the opportunity to improve their standards of living. However, limitations exist in the informal sector which hinder the expansion and stability of the enterprises. Also, the cooperative credit program itself is at a critical stage. The study finds an urgent need for the cooperative to implement measures for capital build-up if it wants to continue to subsidize and provide its low interest credit loans to urban poor petty traders and products.
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Tubbeh, Taghrid Khuri. "The Determinants of Women's Work: A Case Study from Three Urban Low-income Communities in Amman, Jordan." PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1208.
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This study addresses the determinants of women's economic activity in three low income communities in Amman, the capital of Jordan. These communities represent what is typically referred to as "pockets of urban poverty." Besides addressing the demographic and socio-economic variables, the study identifies and includes cultural variables in a model of female labor force participation. Modern economic systems developed definitions and measurements of productivity that render the majority of women's work as non-productive. Activities within the domestic sphere that do not earn monetary returns are not measured as productive economic activities, and hence are dropped from the calculations of gross national and domestic products of most if not all developing nations. In the Arab Middle East, where women's work outside the home is relatively a recent phenomenon, labor statistics are measuring only female labor force in the "formal sector" of the labor market. The scope and magnitude of women's economic activity within the domestic sphere, or in what is termed the informal sector, is neglected, or at best, underestimated, by labor force statistics. In such cultural contexts where women's economic activity outside the home is still considered secondary to the array of their reproductive and home-related activities, the underlying thesis is that cultural factors play an important role in shaping the outcomes of women's decisions regarding labor force participation. A field survey covered the sample of adult women, aged 15 years and over. To achieve a 95% level of significance, 435 women were interviewed. Three field surveyors were trained to thoroughly probe and depict all types of economic activity for the purpose of raising cash, be it in the formal or the informal sectors of the labor market. A nested logit model assesses the effects of demographic and socio-economic variables on women's employment status. Employment status is defined as a dichotomous dependent variable indicating whether a woman does or does not work. The second step of the logit model incorporates cultural variables in addition to the demographic and socio-economic variables. Each logit run segregates women by marital status, and one run addresses the pooled sample of women, with marital status included as a predictor variable. The results indicate that age and marital status (in the pooled sample) are important variables in determining the employment status of women. The presence of a resource person to help the ever-married woman in child-care also had a significant effect on women's employment decisions. Household income, which represents the need for the woman's income, is also a significant variable. In the second step of the nested logit model, education significantly influences women's work outside the home. Segregation (a cultural variable that represented a constraint to women's work in a mixed environment) is also a significant variable in influencing women's work inside the home. This study shows that when addressing the determinants of female labor force participation, it is important to include cultural variables and assess their effect on influencing the outcome of women's decisions to undertake economic activity. Policies that seek to increase female employment need to be aware of the cultural and demographic (fertility related) considerations. Consequently, employment creation and enhancement programs need to be formulated and designed with this consideration in focus. For example, child-care facilities could be established within communities. This will free sometime of mothers with children to work outside the home, and will create child-care jobs within the community. Realizing that, due to cultural barriers, some women will still desire to only work at home, agencies providing marketing channels for such activities need to be established.
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Flores, Romero Karla Renata. "Changing the ability of the poor to generate income : Mexico's Conditional Cash Transfer program Oportunidades." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62067.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 92-97).
Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT) programs have been adopted in many developing countries, particularly in Latin America, as the core strategy for poverty reduction. These programs provide immediate economic support to poor populations conditional on specific actions such as sending children to school or receiving healthcare. The main rationale behind this approach is that, once human capital accumulates, the poor will take full advantage of labor market opportunities and overcome poverty. Some scholars argue that, despite the remarkable positive impacts of these programs on human capital formation, the low growth rate of employment prevailing in most Latin American countries pose difficult challenges for achieving their ultimate goal of poverty reduction. Nevertheless, the generation of employment opportunities could be a direct consequence of these programs. I analyze this circumstance by evaluating the likelihood of households to invest cash transfers in business creation. Using longitudinal data from the Mexican Family Life Survey (MxFLS), I assess the impact of the Mexican CCT program, Oportunidades, on the creation of businesses. For this purpose, I implement the difference-in-difference (DD) method and, to account for the non-experimental nature of the study, I use Rosenbaum and Rubin's propensity score matching method. Finally, I identify some of the characteristics of beneficiary households that are more likely to invest using a difference-in-difference-in-difference (DDD) estimator. The results indicate that beneficiary households in rural and urban areas are more likely to create businesses than non-beneficiary households. This may be a relevant finding for the design of this type of policy instruments, especially if the promotion of income-generating activities can be achieved as an alternate goal. Cash-transfer investments, coupled with additional mechanisms of support such as entrepreneurial development programs, could contribute not only to short-term poverty alleviation, but also to a long-term, sustainable solution to poverty.
by Karla Renata Flores Romero.
M.C.P.
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Edgecomb, Elizabeth. "Looking Good and Taking Care: Consumer Culture, Identity, and Poor, Minority, Urban Tweens." Scholar Commons, 2010. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3474.
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Looking Good and Taking Care: Consumer Culture, Identity, and Poor, Minority, Urban Tweens is an ethnographic examination of how poor, minority, urban tweens (age 7-14) use consumer culture to create and perform their personal and social identities. Although portrayed in mass media as selfish and hedonistic, this work finds tweens creating profoundly social, giving, and caring identities and relationships through consumption. Their use of consumer culture is also a form of political resistance that subverts their place in the age, class, and race hierarchy. These tweens use “looking good” (attention to grooming, style, and behaving respectably), and not name brand goods, to show they have respect for themselves, that their families care about them, and that, by extension, society in general should care for and about them. Far from seeking status through consuming, the tweens largely seek belonging and care. They also utilize both consumption and denial of their consumer desires to show care for their families. Furthermore, the tweens use consumer culture to enact resistance against the most tangible form of social control in their lives—school—by employing products and consumer knowledge to subvert the rules of uniforms and structured school time.
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FERNANDEZ, JOSE RAUL. "NEIGHBORHOOD VITALITY AND THE URBAN POOR: What Makes the Difference on Meeting Basic Needs? Case Studies in Santiago De Los Caballeros." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555330.
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Arriaga, Cordero Eugenio. "Explaining Unequal Transportation Outcomes in a Gentrifying City: the Example of Portland, Oregon." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3509.
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This dissertation examines unequal outcomes of urban transportation policies in the neoliberal era. It focuses on inequalities in the Portland, Oregon metro area between 1994 and 2011 as measured in three key areas: 1) access to public transit; 2) the journey-to-work; and 3) "household-serving" trips. Growing concern over the harmful impacts from an increasing dependence on cars has led planners in the U.S. to encourage a modal shift from private car to public transit, bicycling, and walking. The required policies to make this modal shift possible, however, might inadvertently be benefiting "choice" riders at the cost of transport disadvantaged groups. Other contributing factors to this unequal benefit appear to be the suburbanization of poverty, an ongoing gentrification of central areas, and market forces that make it difficult for low income groups to afford housing in transit-rich neighborhoods. The Oregon Household Activity and Travel surveys are used to answer the three major research questions in this dissertation: what has been the effect of neoliberalism on access to public transit?, how do gender, race/ethnicity, and income inequality affect the journey-to-work in Portland?, and how do household-serving trips vary by gender in Portland? Six hypothesis are tested in answering these questions. Those related to access to transit draw on Fred Block's theory of the capitalist state and the "urban growth machine" concept, both of which predict spatially unequal outcomes from neoliberal ideology. Hypotheses about the journey to work draw on a rich body of literature around social relations in the household and the job market, as well as residential location. The final question, about household-serving trips, draws on theories of gender socialization. Findings showed that: (i) individuals in the Portland metro area had less access overall to bus public transit in 2011 than in 1994; (ii) impoverished dependent riders have lost access to transit service over time, whereas choice dependent riders increased their access to public transit; (iii) low income groups have been "forced" into greater car-ownership, in part due to the lower access to public transit; (iv) women in Portland have shorter journey-to-work trips than men; (v) Blacks have longer journey-to-work trips than Whites and Latinos; (vi) low-income individuals have shorter journey-to-work trips than higher income individuals; and (vii) women with children make more household-serving trips than men in similar family structures.
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Millward, Alison J. "Affordable downtown housing : innovative U.S. municipal initiatives and a case study of Seattle." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29996.
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The past decade has witnessed both steep reductions in federal housing assistance and an intensification of local housing problems including homelessness. In light of these trends, this study explores alternative means available to municipalities of meeting the housing needs of low-income households.
The methods chosen to accomplish this were two-fold: a literature review and a case study. The literature review revealed that in response to the Reagan administration's 1981 cutbacks to housing programs a new low-income housing delivery system, based largely on public-private partnerships, has emerged from the grass roots level in communities across the United States. In the new production system efforts have focused on preservation rather than new construction, and large for-profit developers have been replaced by nonprofit community-based development corporations and local public agencies. With the assurance of federal subsidies gone, local governments and nonprofit developers have sought to increase the effectiveness of current resources, direct more general revenue to housing activities and have raised new resources. Today, financing packages for low-income projects are usually built upon customized and creative financial packages that are difficult to replicate, and as a result, no definitive solutions have yet been found.
Despite the hard work and creativity that has gone into developing low-income housing in the U.S. over the past decade local programs have been able to meet only a fraction of the country's housing needs.
The case study method was chosen to focus on the City of Seattle, Washington's specific housing initiatives. The City's response has closely followed the national experience. A new delivery system has emerged which depends largely on the efforts of the City's municipal government, through its Department of Community Development, and the community's growing nonprofit sector. As a
matter of policy Seattle has chosen to spend most of its low-income housing dollars on preserving the downtown's remaining 7,311 low-income units. The City does not. build housing itself, but instead, acts as a "bank" loaning money generated, for the most part, by off-budget strategies to nonprofit housing developers to rehabilitate existing low-income units to meet housing code standards.
Seattle's housing programs have had mixed results. Despite their efforts, due to downtown's expansion, the City has continued to lose low-income units in the downtown to demolition and rent increases, no gain has been made on the City's overall housing need, and while the City has replaced the lost federal subsidies, it has not created significant ongoing revenue streams for future housing development.
Results of this study indicate that, only the long term commitment of federal funds to a national housing strategy can stem the growing tide of homelessness across the U.S. and avert, a deepening of the country's housing crisis.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
Books on the topic "Urban poor – case studies"
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1957-, Varshney Ashutosh, ed. Beyond urban bias. London, England: Frank Cass, 1993.
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Gill, Rajesh. Slums as urban villages. Jaipur: Rawat Publications, 1994.
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Adem, Elisea S. Urban poverty: The case of the railway squatters. Manila, Philippines: Social Research Center, University of Santo Tomas, 1992.
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Schütte, Stefan. Urban vulnerability in Afghanistan: Case studies from three cities. Kabul: Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, 2004.
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Hunte, Pamela Anne. Some notes on the livelhoods of the urban poor in Kabul, Afghanistan. Kabul: Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit, 2004.
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Zarmawis, Ismail, ed. Penanggulangan kemiskinan masyarakat perkampungan kumuh di perkotaan: Kasus Yogyakarta dan Surabaya. Jakarta: Puslitbang Ekonomi dan Pembangunan, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, 1999.
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Europe and Central Asia Region Infrastructure Department. Dimensions of urban poverty in the Europe and Central Asia region. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2006.
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Udipi, S. A. Attacking urban poverty, how universities can help?: The case of the "Gilbert Hill Programme" of the SNDT Women's University, Mumbai, India : a case study. Mumbai: Dept. of Post-Graduate Studies and Research in Home Science, S.N.D.T. Women's University, 1999.
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Sarma, K. S. R. N., Banerji Pranab, and Indian Institute of Public Administration., eds. State and urban poor: Case of SJSRY in India. New Delhi: Indian Institute of Public Administration, 2004.
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Community Agency for Social Enquiry (South Africa), ed. Voices of the poor: Case studies of urban poverty in Johannesburg. Braamfontein [South Africa]: Community Agency for Social Enquiry, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Urban poor – case studies"
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Ghosh, Anindita. "Status of the Urban Poor in Kolkata—A Case Study Regarding Squatter Settlements Along the Beliaghata Canal." In Contemporary South Asian Studies, 217–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23796-7_13.
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Blokland, Talja, and Robert Vief. "Making Sense of Segregation in a Well-Connected City: The Case of Berlin." In The Urban Book Series, 249–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64569-4_13.
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AbstractThis chapter analyses socioeconomic segregation and segregation by migration background for Berlin, Germany. Berlin’s history of division and reunification affected suburbanization patterns and the unequal economic restructuring of the city over time. Within this historical context, we present our empirical results on segregation, and we reflect on the implications of segregation for the daily use of the city. Arguments that segregation affects access to amenities (as in the literature on ‘food deserts’) or reduces access to jobs (as in spatial mismatch theories) are not so useful for Berlin with its strong public transport infrastructure. We find that socioeconomic segregation was moderate and stable for the working-age population between 2007 and 2016, whereas segregation of poor children increased. At the same time, segregation of foreigners and segregation by migration background strongly declined. And yet, even though segregation levels are low and public services are present everywhere, the social use of the city, we argue, may be more segregated than statistical indicators suggest. Drawing on various case studies, we suggest that the use of the overall city reflects segregation patterns of the use of space for other reasons than commonly suggested.
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Natu, Sadhana. "Disha: Building Bridges-Removing Barriers: Where Excluded and Privileged Young Adults Meet." In International Perspectives in Values-Based Mental Health Practice, 351–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47852-0_41.
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AbstractThe Chapter aims to detail out the need and process for setting up a Peer Support and Speak Out group in 1992 against the backdrop of early years of globalization in India. The chapter describes how the group has evolved, describing some of the activities and its outcomes. Case studies of Disha Coordinators (using narratives) place before the reader, both the challenges and vantage point views of student diversity. The coordinators are a mix from underprivileged and privileged backgrounds. In the last 27 years, Disha has managed to help students from diverse backgrounds (rural and urban poor, Dalit, Bahujan, urban upper middle class, international students) to come together and look at mental health issues from their varied locations of caste, class, gender, region and reconstitute their identities and look at life afresh. The chapter tries to document some of these rich insights and in doing so attempts to add to the value-based mental health practice from a small margin of the largest democracy in the world that is pushing and challenging the centre.
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Alharbi, Saeed, and Gerald Mills. "Assessment of Exposure to Flash Flooding in an Arid Environment: A Case Study of the Jeddah City Neighborhood Abruq Ar Rughamah, Saudi Arabia." In Natural Disaster Science and Mitigation Engineering: DPRI reports, 383–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2904-4_14.
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AbstractIn arid areas, flash floods represent one of the most severe hazards for people and infrastructure alike. The associated risks are compounded by increasing exposure and vulnerability through rapid and unregulated urbanization, poor infrastructure, and sociocultural factors, among other elements. This research explores the flash flooding risk in the Saudi Arabian city of Jeddah with a particular focus on the Abruq Ar Rughamah neighborhood, which experienced a destructive flood in November 2009 that resulted in 116 deaths and 1,200 families becoming homeless. The neighborhood is an interesting case study as it has two distinctive urban layouts representing planned and irregular settlement types. In this paper, the focus is placed on exposure to flash flood hazards using a geographic information system to study urban layouts, building types, and resident populations in conjunction with data from satellites, flood mapping studies, and topographic data. The results show that most of the study area is located along a natural flood path. The regions that were affected by the 2009 disaster received no comprehensive site rehabilitation. This paper concludes that it is important to develop a risk management strategy that includes limiting urban expansion in flood-prone areas and redesigning neighborhoods to increase flood resilience.
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Rajan, S. Irudaya, Kunal Keshri, and Priya Deshingkar. "Understanding Temporary Labour Migration Through the Lens of Caste: India Case Study." In IMISCOE Research Series, 97–109. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34194-6_7.
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AbstractTemporary labour migration is known to be one of the most important livelihood options used by the poorest sectors of society in a variety of contexts, in developing countries, including India. Using large-scale data from the Indian National Sample Survey, 2007–2008, this chapter tries to explain the structure and flow of temporary labour migration, and its relationship with caste. The results suggest that the highest share of temporary labour migrants is found among rural to urban migrants (63%), and that there is a dominance of inter-state migration, particularly from the under-developed states of Bihar, Jharkhand, and Uttar Pradesh. Our analysis corroborates earlier studies and shows that temporary labour migration rates are higher at the national level among the most disadvantaged social groups, namely the Scheduled Tribes (STs) and the Scheduled Castes (SCs) (45 and 24 per 1000 respectively) compared to Other Backward Classes (19 per 1000) and Others (12 per 1000). Our analysis shows that temporary labour migration rates were twice as high among the poorest of the poor as any other caste group. The findings point to a strong link between caste and temporary migration in India.
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van Zutphen, Kesso Gabrielle, Dominique Barjolle, Sophie van den Berg, Breda Gavin-Smith, Klaus Kraemer, Capucine Musard, Helen Prytherch, Johan Six, Simon Winter, and Kris Woltering. "Secondary Cities as Catalysts for Nutritious Diets in Low- and Middle-Income Countries." In Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation, 305–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_16.
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AbstractThe world is facing a malnutrition crisis in the midst of rising rates of urbanization; more than half of the world’s population lives in urban areas, a number that is expected to reach two-thirds by 2050, consuming 80% of the world’s food. Instead of the development of existing cities into ‘mega-cities,’ urbanization is creating a patchwork of smaller urban areas. In 2018, close to half of the world’s urban residents lived in settlements or towns with less than 500,000 inhabitants. These settlements are classified as secondary cities and are, in terms of population, the fastest growing urban areas. Poor diets among city inhabitants are the consequence of a combination of forces. These include changes in types of occupation, particularly for women; food-environment factors; shifts in norms and attitudes regarding food; globalization of food supply chains; lack of infrastructure; post-harvest food loss and waste, etc. Secondary cities offer entry points for food system transformation. Secondary cities are characterized by strong urban-rural linkages and the opportunity for localized food production and consumption. These cities could also play a key role in enhancing resilience to food security shocks. This chapter discusses the challenge of the growing triple burden of malnutrition in urban contexts and argues for the important role of secondary cities in transforming urban food systems. Through three case studies of secondary cities in LMICs, these cities are shown as emerging players in nutrition-centered food system interventions.
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Osorio, Chad Patrick. "Urban Poor Consortium." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74336-3_368-1.
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Osorio, Chad Patrick. "Urban Poor Consortium." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Global Security Studies, 1518–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74319-6_368.
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Caputo, Silvio. "Case Studies." In Urban Agriculture, 95–150. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99962-9_6.
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Dean, Kevin, Claudia Trillo, and Angela Lee’s. "Case studies." In Sustainable Urban Regeneration, 104–22. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003043881-8.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Urban poor – case studies"
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Díez Medina, Carmen, and Javier Monclús. "Mass housing estates legacy: urban design perspectives." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5887.
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In the recent international debate about mass housing estates built during the decades of rapid urban growth after the World War II different approaches coexist. Many studies, including diagnosis about their current state, have been carried out, some of them from a social and economic standpoint; other offer architectural and historical approaches. It has only been in the last years, that urban planning and urban design perspectives have been considered in depth. In the case of Spain, some global visions complement more specific approaches, such as the ones focused on the obsolescence of dwelling typologies and urban forms. In addition to this, there are consolidated teams working on some cities, especially Madrid and Barcelona, which continue developing previous studies started some decades ago. Our starting point is that Spanish collective housing (polígonos) constitutes a huge legacy which needs accurate diagnosis. Our research has been developed from an urban design perspective, focusing on urban forms and free open spaces. The goal is to add some nuances to some excessively generic interpretations, trying to find ‘indicators’ (such as density, urban integration, diversity…) that allow a suitable evaluation of ‘each’ case, besides a qualitative approach. Although there are common factors that have led to a general loss of urban quality, it is necessary to take into account the specificities of each city, context, transformation processes, etc. In this way, future necessary interventions could provide more appropriate knowledge for the regeneration, recovery or reactivation of these estates. This paper addresses with a comparative perspective some case studies of Spanish polígonos built in Madrid, Barcelona and Zaragoza between 1950 and 1975. Contrasting the original situation at the time of their construction with their current state, the quality of the urban projects (classified in ‘Best’, ‘Good’, ‘Standard’, ‘Poor’) and the resilience or the obsolescence processes has been tested.
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Anwar, Ayesha, Leng Hong, and Afir Zubair Raja. "Effect of transport infrstructure in changing urban form of a historical city: a case study of Lahore." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/nwep5068.
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Urban development and transportation are interrelated as transportation networks help in shaping the urban form along with supporting the social, cultural, and economic growth of the city similarly transportation infrastructure is also shaped by the city dynamics. Lahore Metro Bus Service (MBS) is Pakistan’s first rapid mass transit project on Ferozepur road with 27 Kilometers long track and 27 bus stations. It is now an integral part of the Lahore so its implications for the urban fabric need to be studied urgently to fully utilize transit service and to strengthen mobility and emerging economies. According to results, (MBS) has improved the accessibility to basic needs and services but the peculiar character of this historical city is ignored due to poor design. The government needs to bring transport agencies, stakeholders, and people together for joint development policy to enhance revenue, ridership and to move towards Transit Oriented Development (TOD).
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Shi, Zhongming, Shanshan Hsieh, Bhargava Krishna Sreepathi, Jimeno A. Fonseca, François Maréchal, and Arno Schlueter. "Coarse typological studies on urban program and density defined by various urban energy conversion technologies in Singapore." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5636.
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Coarse typological studies on urban program and density defined by various urban energy conversion technologies in Singapore. Zhongming Shi1,2, Shanshan Hsieh1,2,3, Bhargava Krishna Sreepathi1,2, Jimeno A. Fonseca1,2, François Maréchal1,3, Arno Schlueter1,2 1 Future Cities Laboratory, Singapore-ETH Centre, 1 Create Way, CREATE Tower, 138602 Singapore 2 Architecture and Building Systems, Institute of Technology in Architecture, ETH Zurich, John-von-Neumann-Weg 9, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland 3 Industrial Process and Energy Systems Engineering Group, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland E-mail: shi@arch.ethz.ch, nils.schueler@epfl.ch, hsieh@arch.ethz.ch, sebastien.cajot@epfl.ch, fonseca@arch.ethz.ch, francois.marechal@epfl.ch, schlueter@arch.ethz.ch Keywords: Urban typology, urban form, energy technology, urban program, density Conference topics and scale: Efficient use of resources in sustainable cities Cities consume about three quarters of global primary energy. Compared to the beginning of the Twentieth Century, the urban area is expected to triple by 2030. The future urban energy performance is substantially influenced by how the urban area is planned, designed, and built. New energy technologies have enabled new possibilities of the urban form. For example, a district cooling system can free the building rooftops for more architectural design options, like an infinity pool or a sky garden. Vice versa, to maximize the energy performance, some new energy technologies enforce some specific requirements on the urban forms, like the urban form and density. We apply a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) formulation to identify the optimal allocation of energy demand density and energy systems (e.g. district cooling network) subject to resource availability and energy (or environmental) performance targets (e.g. renewable share). The optimized energy demand density can be translated into urban program combinations and density ranges and gradients. To build the model, we survey the prevailing energy conversion technologies and their costs. Based on the local standards of Singapore, we derive the energy profiles and demand densities of buildings with different programs. We adopt a real case study in Singapore to test the target energy technologies. Adjacent to the existing central business district, the site, currently a container terminal, has an area around 1,000 hectares. Upon the relocation of the terminal in 10 years, the energy technologies, the density, and the program of the site have a variety of possibilities. This paper builds a series of coarse urban typologies in terms of urban program and density when adopting different urban energy conversion technologies in Singapore. Furthermore, the general density and the density gradient may vary when the size of these energy infrastructures alters. In an integrated urban design process involving energy considerations, the urban designer can refer these urban typologies for rules on the general density, the density gradient, and the urban program combination based on the selected energy technologies. On the other way, these urban typologies can also help on the selection of energy technologies to accommodate the target urban density and program. References (100 words) Ratti, C., Baker, N., and Steemers, K. (2005). Energy consumption and urban texture. Energy Build. 37, 762–776. Salat, S. (2009). Energy loads, CO2 emissions and building stocks: morphologies, typologies, energy systems and behaviour. Build. Res. Inf. 37, 598–609. Seto, K.C., Güneralp, B., and Hutyra, L.R. (2012). Global forecasts of urban expansion to 2030 and direct impacts on biodiversity and carbon pools. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 109, 16083–16088. UN-Habitat (2012). Energy. [Online]. Available: http://unhabitat.org/urban-themes/energy. [Accessed:08-Nov-2016].
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Schroeder, Timóteo, Gustavo Peters de Souza, and Bettina Cruz Cesário Pereira. "A VULNERABILIDADE URBANA EM PAISAGENS PORTUÁRIAS: um estudo no Porto de Itajaí-Brasil." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Grup de Recerca en Urbanisme, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.12187.
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Researches related to urban landscapes in port areas are uncommon in the literature on the study of urban phenomena, and even less frequent in the practice of strategies adopted by public bodies in which these ports are located. This article discusses urban vulnerability in the relationship between port areas and the urban fabric, understanding the consequences for vitality and integration with the city. Spatially segregated, this article demonstrates scenarios of reconnection of these areas through a propositional analysis in the city of Itajaí in Santa Catarina - Brazil. The methodology includes a literature analysis, case studies with projects of re-urbanized port areas, diagnosis of the port area of Itajaí, understanding the main dynamics of the urban space and finally propositional scenarios, proposing changes based on the conceptual repertoire of the research. This study highlights the importance of understanding port landscapes and demonstrates options for mitigating spatial, physical and social conflicts, possibly making them less segregated from the urban fabric and including them in planning as a public space. Keywords: port landscapes, vulnerability, urban segregation, open space. Pesquisas relacionadas às paisagens urbanas das áreas portuárias são pouco comuns na literatura do estudo dos fenômenos urbanos, e ainda menos frequente na prática das estratégias adotadas pelos órgãos públicos nas quais esses portos se situam. Esse artigo discute a vulnerabilidade urbana na relação entre as áreas portuárias e a malha urbana, entendendo as consequências para a vitalidade e integração com a cidade. Segregadas espacialmente, este artigo demonstra cenários de reconexão destas áreas por meio de uma análise propositiva na cidade de Itajaí em Santa Catarina - Brasil. A metodologia abrange uma análise de literatura, estudos de caso com projetos de áreas portuárias reurbanizadas, diagnóstico da área portuária de Itajaí, entendendo as principais dinâmicas do espaço urbano e finalmente cenários propositivos, propondo alterações com base no repertório conceitual da pesquisa. Esse estudo ressalta a importância da compreensão das paisagens portuárias e demonstra opções de amenização dos conflitos espaciais, físicos e sociais, tornando-os possivelmente menos segregados da malha urbana e os incluindo no planejamento enquanto espaço público. Palavras-chave: paisagens portuárias, vulnerabilidade, segregação urbana, espaços livres.
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Martí-Ciriquián, Pablo, Almudena Nolasco-Cirugeda, and Leticia Serrano-Estrada. "Centros urbanos vs sprawl: expansión urbana y equipamientos en las capitales valencianas." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Roma: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7953.
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La Comunidad Valenciana ha experimentado uno de los mayores procesos de expansión
urbana del conjunto de las comunidades autónomas españolas. Con el objeto de estudiar cómo
ha afectado este proceso al tradicional equilibrio entre los centros urbanos y las periferias en
las principales ciudades valencianas, se plantea el análisis del tipo de crecimiento urbano y la
implantación de equipamientos en las capitales de las tres provincias de la Comunidad
Valenciana —Alicante, Castellón de la Plana y Valencia—. Para abordar estas dos
aproximaciones, desde la ocupación del suelo por un lado y desde la ubicación de los
equipamientos por otro, se recurre a dos fuentes de datos y cartografías como son el Corine
Land Cover (CLC) y el Sistema de Información sobre Ocupación del Suelo de España (SIOSE).
En el primer caso, se lleva a cabo el estudio de las relaciones entre los crecimientos de los
distintos suelos correspondientes a los tejidos urbanos continuos y a los tejidos urbanos
discontinuos; estas categorías de ocupación del suelo nos desvelan en qué medida la
expansión urbana ha reforzado o no la ciudad central. En el segundo caso, el SIOSE se utiliza
para la identificación de los equipamientos, tanto urbanos como metropolitanos, que nos
permite localizar espacialmente las actividades de uso específico y, por tanto, valorar la
concentración o dispersión de estas actividades en la ciudad y el territorio. Los resultados de
los datos anteriores describen tres distintas casuísticas que abarcan, a su vez tres patrones
diferentes. The Valencian Community has experienced one of the greatest urban sprawl processes of the
entire Spanish autonomous communities and thus, has distressed the traditional balance
between the city center and its peripheries. This paper aims to analyze these processes with
the three Valencian community province capitals as case studies —Alicante, Castellón de la
Plana y Valencia—. To this purpose, two phenomena are considered, the urban growth pattern
and the urban facilities location on each city. The data and cartography information sources
used to this end were the Corine Land Cover (CLC) and the Land Cover and Use Information
System of Spain (SIOSE). The first one studies the relationship between both urban growth
fabric types, continuous and discontinuous, and reveals whether the urban expansion and sprawl has reinforced or not the central city. The second one provides the geographic location
of specific land use activities, thus; the concentration or dispersion of these within the city and
the territory can be easily evaluated. The resulting data of both approaches clearly distinguishes
three very different urban patterns.
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Iovene, Maddalena, Graciela Fernandéz De Córdova, Ombretta Romice, and Sergio Porta. "Towards Informal Planning: Mapping the Evolution of Spontaneous Settlements in Time." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5441.
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Maddalena Iovene¹, Graciela Fernandéz De Córdova2, Ombretta Romice¹, Sergio Porta¹ ¹Urban Design Studies Unit (UDSU). Department of Architecture. University of Strathclyde. 75 Montrose Street, Glasgow, G11XJ, UK. 2Centro de Investigación de la Arquitectura y la Ciudad (CIAC), Departamento de Arquitectura, PUCP. Av. Universitaria 1801, 32 San Miguel, Lima, Peru. E-mail: maddalena.iovene@strath.ac.uk, gdcfernandez@pucp.edu.pe, ombretta.r.romice@strath.ac.uk, sergioporta@strath.ac.uk Keywords (3-5): Informal Settlement, Peru, Lima, Model of Change, Urban Morphology Conference topics and scale: Reading and Regenerating the Informal City Cities are the largest complex adaptive system in human culture and have always been changing in time according to largely unplanned patterns of development. Though urban morphology has typically addressed studies of form in cities, with emphasis on historical cases, diachronic comparative studies are still relatively rare, especially those based on quantitative analysis. As a result, we are still far from laying the ground for a comprehensive understanding of the urban form’s model of change. However, developing such understanding is extremely relevant as the cross-scale interlink between the spatial and social-economic dynamics in cities are increasingly recognized to play a major role in the complex functioning of urban systems and quality of life. We study the urban form of San Pedro de Ate, an informal settlement in Lima, Peru, along its entire cycle of development over the last seventy years. Our study, conducted through a four-months on-site field research, is based on the idea that informal settlements would change according to patterns similar to those of pre-modern cities, though at a much faster pace of growth, yet giving the opportunity to observe the evolution of an urban organism in a limited time span. To do so we first digitalize aerial photographs of five different time periods (from 1944 to 2013), to then conduct a typo-morphological analysis at five scales: a) unit, b) building, c) plot, d) block, and e) settlement (comprehensive of public spaces and street network). We identify and classify patterns of change in the settlement’s urban structure using recognised literature on pre-modern cities, thus supporting our original hypothesis. We then suggest a unitary model of analysis that we name Temporal Settlement Matrix (TSM). Reference List Caniggia, G., & Maffei, G. L. (2008). Lettura dell’edilizia di base (Vol. 215). Alinea Editrice. Conzen, M. R. G. (1958). The growth and character of Whitby. A Survey of Whitby and the Surrounding Area, 49–89. Hernández, F., Kellett, P. W., & Allen, L. K. (2010). Rethinking the informal city: critical perspectives from Latin America (Vol. 11). Berghahn Books. Kropf, K. (2009). Aspects of urban form. Urban Morphology, 13(2), 105–120. Muratori, S. (1960). Studi per una operante storia urbana di Venezia. Palladio, 1959, 1–113. 22. Porta, S., Romice, O., Maxwell, J. A., Russell, P., & Baird, D. (2014). Alterations in scale: patterns of change in main street networks across time and space. Urban Studies, 51(16), 3383–3400. Watson, V. (2009). “The planned city sweeps the poor away…”: Urban planning and 21st century urbanisation. Progress in Planning, 72(3), 151–193. Whitehand, J. W. R. (2001). Changing suburban landscapes at the microscale. Tijdschrift Voor Economische En Sociale Geografie, 92(2), 164–184.
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Cudd, Robert, Kevin Anderson, and Wael Yassine. "Evaluating the Energy Savings From Community Scale Solar Water Heating in Los Angeles County: Residential Case Studies." In ASME 2019 13th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2019 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2019-3960.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Estimation of Energy Savings from Community Scale Solar Water Heating in Los Angeles County explores the extent to which community scale solar water heating systems, designed for residential structures in Los Angeles County and constructed from currently available technology, can displace natural gas for domestic water heating through a series of case studies. The effects of policy, urban form, and building characteristics on the performance of solar water heating systems, as well as community scale solar water heating’s potential to reduce emissions from the residential housing sector, are discussed herein. Three public and three private residential developments were selected as case studies for community scale solar water heating, with numbers of units and residents ranging from the tens to hundreds. These six cases were draw from the pool of approximately 19,000 “energy communities” in Los Angeles County, i.e. residential developments where the installation and operation of community scale solar water heating systems is broadly feasible. The six properties were also chosen to represent a cross-section housing stock and development patterns common in Los Angeles County, and different levels of suitability for solar water heating. The performance of and energy savings from solar water heating systems on each of these properties is then evaluated using the National Renewable Energy Laboratory’s System Advisor Model (NREL SAM). The results of the system simulations reveal how building characteristics and hot water demand affect the performance of community scale solar water heating systems. The case study sites’ system simulations show that residential developments with community scale solar water heating systems reach an average solar fraction of 50%. The results of the case studies indicate that community scale solar water heating is viable as an emissions reduction technology for the residential building sector in Mediterranean climates. However, side-by-side comparison with solar PV systems and other water heating technologies (such as grid-connected heat pumps) is necessary to determine optimality in terms of cost, emissions reduction, and thermal efficiency) in specific contexts.
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Couto, Perla Duarte do. "Revitalizações urbanas em frentes d’água: os desafios ao planejamento urbano contemporâneo: estudo de caso sobre a revitalização do Porto Velho da cidade do Rio Grande/RS/BR." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6341.
Full textAbstract:
Este artigo faz parte da pesquisa sobre a temática das revitalizações urbanas em frentes d’água, que surgiu
devido aos significativos estudos de casos e da importância nas relações destas áreas com a dinâmica
urbana. A partir disso, surge interesse sobre o estudo de caso na cidade do Rio Grande/RS, revitalização do
Porto Velho em conjunto com o centro histórico, que aponta para a possibilidade de ocorrência de processos
globais, em linhas gerais metropolitanos em uma cidade média. Neste contexto na perspectiva da geografia
urbana, analisamos o processo e suas implicações locais com influência de diferentes escalas local - global.
Assim pressupomos impactos, tais como gentrificação, bem como apropriação do espaço público, enfim
supremacia do valor de troca evidenciadas por diversas facetas com destaque para a valorização espacial
diante da apropriação dos recursos estruturais e culturais, ou seja o consumo no e do espaço. This article is part of a research on the theme of urban revitalization in waterfronts, which emerged due to the
significant number of case studies and the importance of the relation between those areas and urban
dynamics. It focuses on the case study of Rio Grande/RS, involving the revitalization of Porto Velho jointly with
the historical center, which leads to the possibility of global processes occurrence, broadly metropolitan ones,
in a medium city. From the urban geography perspective, we analyze the process and its local implications,
with the influence of different local-global levels. Therefore we assume impacts such as gentrification and
public space appropriation - in short, the supremacy of exchange value, evidenced by various facets especially
the spatial valorization in face of structural and cultural resources appropriation, in other words, the
consumption in/of the space.
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Reis Santos, Mariana. "Does the implementation of special zones of social interest (ZEIS) encourages adequate housing in precarious settlement? The case of San Paolo." In 55th ISOCARP World Planning Congress, Beyond Metropolis, Jakarta-Bogor, Indonesia. ISOCARP, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/hfqf7018.
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With the establishment of the Constitution of 1988, a new approach to urban governance emerged in Brazil. The document brought significant changes regarding the right to the city and adequate housing, in particular, for the urban poor. The recognition of these rights triggered the experimentation with inclusionary policies around the country (Rolnik and Santoro, 2013). As a result, informal settlements started to be acknowledged as part of the formal city and were included in zoning and planning laws. One of the main outcomes of these experiments was the creation of Special Zones of Social Interest (ZEIS), a land and housing policy that linked investments on infrastructure in precarious settlements to land regularisation processes. In 2001, ZEIS was incorporated into the City Statute, a document that established a range of collective rights to guide land use and development. Since then, the instrument has gained popularity in the country as a land regularisation tool. Nevertheless, a considerable share of settlements remains poorly built and addressing informality is still a challenge. Therefore, this paper evaluated the co-relation between the implementation of ZEIS, land regularisation processes and provision of basic infrastructure in precarious settlements. More specifically, it measured the quality of State interventions supported by the zoning. By focusing on quality, this article aimed to evaluate whether ZEIS has encouraged adequate housing conditions for the urban poor or reinforced precarious patterns of development. To explore this relationship, a case study was conducted on the performance of ZEIS in Favela of Sapé, a settlement in the West of São Paulo. As a methodology, case studies have become a common option for performing evaluations and analyse what a program, practice or police has achieved (Yin, 2012). Moreover, this research strategy commonly relies on various sources of field-based information (Yin, 2012). Accordingly, this paper comprised mainly primary qualitative data. It also made broad use of content and secondary analysis, with the goal of ensuring validity and reliability. The performance of ZEIS in Sapé demonstrated that since its implementation, in 2001, tenure security and physical characteristics have enhanced considerably in the area, particularly, when it comes to housing quality and provision of basic infrastructure. Nevertheless, these accomplishments are being compromised by a strong process of reoccupation which is supported by illegal organisations. In addition, there is a delay of the Municipality in meeting the demands for housing in the area because of governance issues and mismanagement of financial resources. This scenario, combined with a weak inspection body, has once again permitted the development of precarious housing and infrastructure in the area. It also has compromised the issuance of freehold land titles to the settlement’s dwellers. In other words, the site is under a vicious circle where neither the provision of housing and infrastructure is enough to meet the demand nor the land regularisation is completed because of the reoccupations. In sum, although the implementation of ZEIS seems to have a share of responsibility in Sapé’s upgrading process, the local authorities do not have the capacity of reinforcement necessary to maintain these improvements. Furthermore, it is fair to assume that the current legal framework provided by ZEIS is not adequate for the context of São Paulo and requires further adjustments. Not only because of the complex character of the city, but also because in practice, urban norms may be interpreted differently according to political and cultural conditions (Rolnik, 1997).
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Rial, Diego. "Estratégias de intervenção em diferentes escalas." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Curso de Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6302.
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Neste artigo, procura-se apresentar resultados de investigação doutoral sobre a modalidade de projeto de redesenho. Nela, foram compreendidos alguns mecanismos pelos quais territórios, cidades, bairros e edifícios respondem ao redesenho de seus sistemas internos e interações. Pautada pela análise de contextos urbanos e obras, foi proposta uma abordagem de projetos de intervenção. Delineada por critérios geográficos, técnicos e sociais, apresentam-se resultados sobre estratégias identificadas em casos de estudo. Primeiro, aprendeu-se sobre algumas tentativas de redesenho em contextos urbanos; num segundo momento, entendeu-se como projetos de redesenho funcionam respeito sua paisagem urbana, entorno imediato e nos processos internos da obra intervinda. Finalmente, dividiram-se estratégias entre urbanísticas e arquitetônicas no intuito de evidenciar mecanismos pelos quais o caso estudado articula estas dimensões. O artigo expõe ainda como tais resultados traduzem-se ao interior do objeto teórico a ser redesenhado e a abordagem se desdobra como metodologia. In this article, we seek to provide doctoral research results, concerning the type of redesign project. In it, we understood mechanisms by which regions, cities, neighborhoods and buildings respond to redesign of internal systems and interactions. Guided by analysis of urban and construction contexts, it proposed an approach to intervention projects. Delineated by geographic, technical and social criteria, are presented results on strategies identified in case studies. First, was learned about some attempts to redesign in urban contexts; secondly, was understood as redesign projects work about its urban landscape, immediate surroundings and the internal processes of the work intervened. Finally, were divided into strategies of urban design and architecture in order to highlight mechanisms by which the case study articulates these dimensions. The article explores how such results are reflected in the interior of the theoretical object to be redesigned and the approach unfolds as methodology.
Reports on the topic "Urban poor – case studies"
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Barrera-Osorio, Felipe, and Mauricio Olivera. Does Society Win or Lose as a Result of Privatization?: Provision of Public Services and Welfare of the Poor: The Case of Water Sector Privatization in Colombia. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011282.
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This paper studies the effects of water sector privatization on consumers' welfare in 46 municipalities in Colombia. The paper evaluates the impact of privatization on access, price, and quality of water as well as health outcomes using differences-in-differences methodology with variation across time (before and after privatization) and between treatment and control groups (privatized and non-privatized municipalities) and controlling for household and municipality characteristics. The results show positive effects of privatization, in particular in urban areas. There are four main results: (i) Privatization in urban areas increases access, has positive effects on the quality, and improves health outcomes. (ii) Privatization increases the price of water in the lower quintiles, although these effects may be the result of the joint implementation of privatization and the elimination of cross subsidies. (iii) In privatized municipalities with better governmental technical capacities there are positive effects on access, prices and quality. (iv) The positive effects of privatization in rural areas on the frequency of the service and on health outcomes are outweighed by negative impacts on access and prices.
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Muhoza, Cassilde, Wikman Anna, and Rocio Diaz-Chavez. Mainstreaming gender in urban public transport: lessons from Nairobi, Kampala and Dar es Salaam. Stockholm Environment Institute, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2021.006.
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The urban population of Africa, the fastest urbanizing continent, has increased from 19% to 39% in the past 50 years, and the number of urban dwellers is projected to reach 770 million by 2030. However, while rapid urbanization has increased mobility and created a subsequent growth in demand for public transport in cities, this has not been met by the provision of adequate and sustainable infrastructure and services. The majority of low-income residents and the urban poor still lack access to adequate transport services and rely on non-motorized and public transport, which is often informal and characterized by poor service delivery. Lack of access to transport services limits access to opportunities that aren’t in the proximity of residential areas, such as education, healthcare, and employment. The urban public transport sector not only faces the challenge of poor service provision, but also of gender inequality. Research shows that, in the existing urban transport systems, there are significant differences in the travel patterns of and modes of transport used by women and men, and that these differences are associated with their roles and responsibilities in society. Moreover, the differences in travel patterns are characterized by unequal access to transport facilities and services. Women are generally underrepresented in the sector, in both its operation and decision-making. Women’s mobility needs and patterns are rarely integrated into transport infrastructure design and services and female users are often victims of harassment and assault. As cities rapidly expand, meeting the transport needs of their growing populations while paying attention to gender-differentiated mobility patterns is a prerequisite to achieving sustainability, livability and inclusivity. Gender mainstreaming in urban public transport is therefore a critical issue, but one which is under-researched in East Africa. This research explores gender issues in public transport in East Africa, focusing in particular on women’s inclusion in both public transport systems and transport policy decision-making processes and using case studies from three cities: Nairobi, Kampala and Dar es Salaam.
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Scholl, Lynn. Comparative Case Studies of Three IDB-supported Urban Transport Projects. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0000020.
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Scholl, Lynn, Margareth Celse L'Hoste, Oscar Quintanilla, and Alejandro Guerrero. Approach paper: Comparative Case Studies: IDB Supported Urban Transport Projects. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010559.
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The IDB's support for Urban Transportation projects in Latin America has grown rapidly in recent years, with annual lending volume for the urban transport sector growing by 36% from 2005 to 2012, comprising more than 20 percent of the transport sector lending portfolio by 2012. This support is likely to continue growing in the next decade due to several institutional commitments, programs, and strategies, including the GCI-9 Agreement, the Sustainable Transport Action Plan (REST-AP), the Sustainable Cities Program, and the Rio+20 Commitments. The objective of these comparative case studies is to identify lessons learned from Bank supported integrated mass transit projects involving bus rapid transit (BRT) systems as a central component. In light of the growing importance of urban transport sector in the region and in the Bank's portfolio, the evaluation findings will help identify factors that affect the successes, challenges, and barriers to effective implementation Bank supported integrated urban transport system projects and inform future Bank urban transportation operations, as well as identify possible future urban transportation evaluation needs.
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Scholl, Lynn, and Alejandro Guerrero. Comparative Case Studies of Three IDB-supported Urban Transport Projects: Cali Case Study Annex. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009256.
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This case study presents the main findings and lessons learned from implementing a BRT system in Cali, to inform a larger comparative case study evaluation of IDB-supported integrated mass transit projects. The case study seeks to identify factors that affected success and created challenges and barriers to effective implementation of the Cali system. In addition, it assesses the extent to which the project delivered on key objectives: improving mobility and access for the general public, and particularly for low-income populations, and reducing local and global pollution.
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Scholl, Lynn, and Margareth Celse L'Hoste. Comparative Case Studies of Three IDB-supported Urban Transport Projects: Montevideo Case Study Annex. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009257.
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This case study evaluates the design, implementation, and results of the IDB-supported exclusive and preferential bus corridors financed in Montevideo through the Montevideo Urban Transportation Program, approved in 2008. It is part of the comparative urban transport evaluation conducted by the Office of Evaluation and Oversight (OVE) to identify lessons learned from three urban transport projects -financed in Cali, Lima, and Montevideo between 2003 and 2013- and provide guidance for future Bank operations.
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Scholl, Lynn, and Oscar Quintanilla. Comparative Case Studies of Three IDB-supported Urban Transport Projects: Lima Case Study Annex. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009258.
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This case study, an input to a comparative project evaluation of IDB-supported urban transport projects, examines the project's design, implementation, results, and sustainability. It starts by presenting the context for the project and describing the project and IDB's participation. It then evaluates the project's relevance, implementation, and effectiveness, including a detailed analysis of air quality and poverty results. Finally, it discusses ongoing issues that affect sustainability and presents lessons for future IDB-supported urban transport projects.
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Lobaccaro, Gabriele, Carmel Lindkvist, and Maria Wall, eds. Lesson Learned from Case Studies of Solar Energy in Urban Planning. IEA SHC Task 51, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task51-2018-0003.
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Scholl, Lynn, Patricia Sadeghi, Margareth Celse L'Hoste, Oscar Quintanilla, and Alejandro Guerrero. Brief: Comparative Case Studies of Three IDB-supported Urban Transport Projects. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0006024.
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This document presents a summary of the evaluation "Comparative Case Studies of Three IDB-supported Urban Transport Projects" completed by the Office of Evaluation and Oversight at the Inter-American Development Bank.
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Jørgensen, Olaf Bruun, Silvia Croce, Johan Dahlberg, Aymeric Delmas, François Garde, Simone Giostra, Jianqing He, et al. National and International Comparison of Case Studies on Solar Energy in Urban Planning. Edited by Gabriele Lobaccaro, Carmel Lindkvist, and Maria Wall. IEA SHC Task 51, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task51-2018-0001.
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