Dissertations / Theses: 'Urban politicies'

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Fujita, Camila. "Dilema urbano-ambiental na formação do território brasileiro: desafios ao planejamento urbano no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16135/tde-29032010-162214/.

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A separação no tratamento de questões urbanas e ambientais na formação do território brasileiro e na formulação de políticas públicas de cunho territorial é aqui avaliada através de uma abordagem dialógica, que busca relacionar alguns dos principais aspectos sociais, históricos, econômicos e políticos que marcaram essa trajetória em diferentes períodos no tempo, contextos no espaço e escalas de análise. Essa fragmentação é observada nas propostas que, em diversos momentos do percurso brasileiro, se referiram às possibilidades de desenvolvimento sócio-econômico aliado aos processos institucionais de conformação territorial calcados em instâncias jurídicas. Este trabalho põe em questão a validade dessa forma de abordagem para a compreensão e a intervenção sobre os problemas urbano-ambientais da cidade real, vivenciada no cotidiano, onde as questões urbanas e ambientais comparecem de modo indissociável. Para tanto, dedicamo-nos a compreender como os problemas urbano-ambientais têm sido gerados em meio ao processo de urbanização brasileira, por meio da definição de seis períodos históricos e do estudo da inserção da lógica de (re)produção capitalista nas relações sócio-econômicas e na produção da cidade. A análise comparada da evolução das ações institucionais em prol do meio ambiente no Brasil, apreendida através do estabelecimento de cinco períodos históricos sob o enfoque dos movimentos sociais e dos debates acerca do desenvolvimento, do conjunto jurídico que define as leis urbanas e ambientais em âmbito federal e dos subsídios gerados pelo estudo do processo de urbanização evidenciou contradições, que caracterizam a desarticulação no tratamento de matérias urbanas e ambientais nas propostas de consecução de políticas públicas de cunho territorial. Essa avaliação foi comprovada à luz do plano empírico por meio da realização de um estudo de caso que analisa os planos diretores do município de Chapecó (SC), seus contextos, limites e alcances. A interpretação desses conteúdos apontou para a sugestão de que está a ocorrer um momento de transição, no tocante às bases paradigmáticas que fundamentam os padrões possíveis de intervenção sobre o meio ambiente urbano, e que a necessária articulação entre as questões urbanas e ambientais deve ser realizada primordialmente pelos movimentos sociais, já que os instrumentos e mecanismos propostos nas pretensas políticas urbanas e ambientais expressam uma visão dicotômica da relação homem-natureza no direcionamento de suas possibilidades de ação. Nessa perspectiva, os conflitos urbano-ambientais podem auxiliar no reconhecimento de interesses e atores em torno de questões urbano-ambientais, a fim de propiciar novos arranjos técnicos, administrativos e políticos que possam gradativamente vincular a atuação da sociedade em benefício dos interesses coletivos.
The separation dealing with urban and environmental issues in the Brazilian territory formation and in the territorial public policies formulation is treated here through a dialogical approach which tries to relate some of the main social, historical, economical and political aspects that influenced this trajectory in different periods of timetables, space context and analytical scales. This fragmentation is observed in propositions that, in different moments throughout Brazilian history, referred to social-economical development possibilities allied to territorial conformation institutional processes based upon juridical instances. This work questions the validity of this approach in order to comprehend and take action upon urban and environmental problems in the real city, where urban and environmental matters appear inseparable. In order to do so, we worked to comprehend how urban-environmental problems has been generated throughout he Brazilian urbanization process, by means of the definition of six historical periods and the incorporation of capitalist (re)production logic in the social-economical relations and in the city production. The compared analysis of the evolution concerning institutional actions towards environmental defense in Brazil, learned by the organization of five historical periods and the study of social movements and the debates about development policies, the juridical set that define urban and environmental laws in the federal scope and the subsides obtained by the urbanization process in Brazil showed evidence of the existence of contradictions, which characterize the disarticulation of urban and environmental matters in territorial public policies proposals. This assessment was proved under the empirical experience by means of the case study realization that brings the analysis of Chapecó (SC) urban planning proposals, their contexts, limits and achievements. The interpretation of theses elements pointed to the suggestion that a paradigmatic change is happening concerning possible intervention patterns towards urban environment and also that the articulation of urban and environmental issues should raise mainly from the social movements actions, since the instruments and mechanisms inscribed in the pretense urban and environment policies express a dichotomy in the way human-nature relation is understood throughout the course of action suggested in these laws. Through this perspective, the urban-environmental conflicts can aid the recognition of interests and social actors around urban-environmental matters, in order to propitiate new political, administration and technical arrangements which can gradually bind the society actuation towards collectivity interests.

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Pfutzenreuter, Andrea Holz. "Viver a cidade, envelhecer na cidade: os espaços públicos como interface para o envelhecimento pessoal." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2014. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/481.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:24:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea Holz Pfutzenreuter.pdf: 12954057 bytes, checksum: 5664e36d59e7c677eb0f15d14ed21263 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-14
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
This thesis discusses the organization and the quality of urban space as a possibility for meetings, events and simultaneous coexistence of differences, and especially as a means to stimulate the interaction between generations and enhancing the quality of life within an increasingly long-lived society. We analyze the projects ' age-friendly city " and UN " Accessible City 's Human Rights " of the Secretariat of Human Rights of Brazil, which generally grant titles to municipalities that adhere to their guidelines. Discusses the case of Joinville (SC), a town south of Brazil , which has been implementing a series of actions aimed at improving the accessibility of public spaces , focusing on the elderly, within a major Federal City Project Access program is Human rights . Without intending to compare the case of Jena, the municipality located in Thuringia, Germany, the region is presented in this thesis as an example of a systemic and continuous process of planning that meets the needs of intergenerational without being involved in the context of government programs giving titles to cities. Thus, the use of the principles of planning a City for All, Jan Gehl (2010), as a method of analysis and contextualization, extols the importance of the distribution of the functions of cities to integrate and provide unique experiences to people, inviting them to raise their stay in public spaces, improving their living conditions and psychosocial health, regardless the existing title, or projects proposed by the label. It is reiterated that a city cannot be judged merely by its applications on standards and technical specifications, but should consider the methodology of analysis in a holistic way and to understand the human dimension to the concept of quality of life in public spaces, which completely heterogeneous and individually should be treated collectively .
Esta tese discute a organização e a qualidade do espaço urbano como possibilidade de encontros, simultaneidade de acontecimentos e convívio das diferenças, e principalmente como meio para estimular a interação entre as gerações e o aumento da qualidade de vida no âmbito de uma sociedade cada vez mais longeva. Analisa-se os Projetos Cidade Amiga do Idoso da ONU e Cidade Acessível é Direitos Humanos da Secretaria dos Direitos Humanos do Brasil que em geral concedem títulos aos municípios que aderem às suas diretrizes. Discute-se o caso de Joinville (SC), município do sul do Brasil, que vem implementando um conjunto de ações voltadas para a melhoria da acessibilidade dos espaços públicos, com enfoque nos idosos, no âmbito de um importante programa federal Projeto Cidade Acessível é Direitos Humanos. Sem a pretensão de comparação, o caso de Jena, município situado na região da Turíngia, Alemanha, é apresentado nesta tese como um exemplo de um processo de planejamento sistêmico e contínuo que atende às necessidades da intergeracionalidade, sem estar envolvido no âmbito de programas governamentais que dão títulos às cidades. Dessa forma, a utilização dos princípios de planejamento de uma Cidade para Todos, de Jan Gehl (2010), como metodologia de análise e contextualização, enaltece a importância entre a distribuição das funções das cidades para integrar e prover experiências diferenciadas às pessoas, convidando-as a aumentar a sua permanência nos espaços públicos, melhorando suas condições de vida e salubridade psicossociais, indiferentemente ao título existente ou ao rótulo proposto pelos projetos. Reafirma-se que uma cidade não pode ser avaliada meramente por suas aplicações de normativas e especificações técnicas, mas deve considerar a metodologia de análise de uma forma holística e que compreenda a dimensão humana para o conceito de qualidade de vida nos espaços públicos, que de forma completamente heterogênea e individual deve ser tratada coletivamente.

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Bertol, Sabrina Lemos. "Análise urbanística como suporte para politicas urbanas." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20434.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitetura, apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa, com a especialização em Urbanismo para obtenção de grau de Mestre.
O tecido urbano das cidades históricas europeias é um grande fator de atração turística. Contudo, as formas urbanas carregam em si atributos intrínsecos ao seu próprio processo de formação, como tecidos medievais que convivem lado a lado com traçados ortogonais planeados. Essas especificidades espaciais podem trazer problemas de sustentabilidade, quando confrontadas com as mudanças provocadas por novas dinâmicas como a do turismo urbano e do Alojamento Local. Em Lisboa, já foram adotadas medidas municipais que limitam as atividades turísticas no centro histórico da cidade, com uma abordagem genérica no que tange à administração dos impactos do turismo a nível local. No entanto, essas medidas deveriam basear-se em um conhecimento aprofundado das características que o turismo pode prejudicar. A definição de uma metodologia para a delimitação de áreas urbanas que leve em consideração essas características espaciais, associada a uma lista de verificação de possíveis problemas quando a incidência do turismo é excessiva pode ser bem-vinda, e é a principal preocupação da presente dissertação.
ABSTRACT: The urban fabric of European historic cities is a major factor of tourist attraction. However, urban forms carry attributes intrinsic to their own process of formation, like medieval fabrics that coexist side by side with planned orthogonal layouts. These spatial specificities can pose sustainability problems when confronted with transformations brought by new dynamics such as urban tourism and touristic accommodation. In Lisbon, municipal measures have already been taken to limit tourism activities in the historic city center, with a generic approach on managing tourism impacts at the local level. However, these measures should be based on a thorough knowledge of the characteristics that tourism may threaten. A methodology for delimiting urban areas that considers these spatial characteristics, coupled with a checklist of possible problems when tourism incidence is excessive may be welcome, and is the main concern of this dissertation.
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Moreno, Roberto dos Santos. "Planejamento urbano em Guarulhos: entre o discurso e a prática (1967 a 2016)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16139/tde-16122016-162554/.

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Na década de 1950 o Brasil urbanizou-se. As pessoas passaram a se concentrar mais na cidade do que no campo. Essa dinâmica continua até o tempos atuais. Essa concentração de pessoas na cidade é resultado da busca de oportunidades de trabalho, estudo, cultura. No entanto, a concentração traz grandes desafios urbanos: como prover água potável para a população sempre crescente? Como conduzir os esgotos para o tratamento e retorno aos recursos hídricos? Como dotar a cidade de transporte público adequado e eficiente para todos? Como promover o casamento entre o crescimento urbano e o meio ambiente, de modo a garantir a sustentabilidade? Como dotar a cidade de equipamentos comunitários e urbanos de forma a promover a inclusão urbana e social? Como financiar os investimentos públicos de forma a fazer mais com a mesma arrecadação? Cada vez mais é preciso planejar, para curto, médio e longo prazos. O planejamento urbano é um poderoso instrumento para a gestão da cidade. E se ele for participativo, promoverá o ajuste fino necessário para melhorar cada vez mais a qualidade de vida da população. O objetivo deste trabalho é demonstrar em que medida o discurso do planejamento urbano é aplicado na prática, e quais fatores interveem para que isso aconteça. O planejamento urbano é um processo, através do qual surge o plano diretor e outros instrumentos, cujo resultado são as obras e serviços resultantes desse processo. O instrumento de desenvolvimento tratado nesta pesquisa é o plano diretor, mas avança também na análise de outros instrumentos, como o código de obras ou edificações, as normas de parcelamento, uso e ocupação do solo, organização administrativa, financiamento, participação e gestão urbana. Municípios com problemas urbanos e rurais, quando submetidos ao processo de planejamento urbano, apresentam melhores resultados. Este trabalho analisa o processo de planejamento urbano do Município de Guarulhos, localizado na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, vizinho a São Paulo, município-capital do Estado de São Paulo. O processo de planejamento urbano inicia em 1967 e prossegue em sua trajetória até os tempos atuais. Para tentar compreender o caso de Guarulhos, este trabalho retroage no tempo e no espaço e traça a evolução da cidade e município, através de elementos componentes da estrutura urbana, ligados aos aspectos sociais, econômicos, políticos, administrativos e ambientais, abrangendo o período de 1560 a 1966. O processo de planejamento urbano do Município de Guarulhos foi estudado através do método histórico, compreendendo o período de 1967 a 2016. Ou seja, quase meio século utilizando em maior ou menor grau os instrumentos de desenvolvimento urbano, com o objetivo de encontrar caminhos para enfrentar os desafios emergentes de uma cidade que no início do Século XXI ultrapassou a marca de um milhão de habitantes, tornando-se o município não-capital mais populoso do Estado de São Paulo. Este trabalho procura analisar os dois aspectos do planejamento urbano: o discurso e a prática. Procura responder à questão: o que deu certo no plano diretor? Os resultados desta investigação reforçam a relevância do papel do planejamento urbano na melhoria da qualidade de vida da população e sua participação na gestão dos municípios.
In the 1950s Brazil became urbanized. People started to focus more on City than in the countryside. This dynamic continues to this day. This concentration of People in the city is the result of the search for job opportunities, study, culture. At the However, concentration brings with it great urban challenges: how to provide Growing population? How to conduct the sewage treatment and return to water resources? How to provide the city with adequate and efficient public transport all? How to promote the marriage between urban growth and the environment, Ensure sustainability? How to equip the city with community and To promote urban and social inclusion? How to finance investments In order to do more with the same collection? More and more it is necessary to plan, For the short, medium and long term. Urban planning is a powerful tool for The management of the city. And if it is participatory, it will promote the fine-tuning necessary to Improve the quality of life of the population. The objective of this work is to Demonstrate to what extent the discourse of urban planning is applied in practice, and What factors intervene to make this happen. Urban planning is a process, Through which emerges the master plan and other instruments, whose result are the works and Resulting from this process. The development instrument Research is the master plan, but also advances in the analysis of other instruments, such as the Code of works or buildings, the norms of installment, use and occupation of the soil, Administrative organization, financing, participation and urban management. Municipalities with Urban and rural problems, when submitted to the process of urban planning, Best results. This paper analyzes the urban planning process Municipality of Guarulhos, located in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Paulo, capital city of the State of São Paulo. The urban planning process begins In 1967 and continues in its trajectory until the present times. To try to understand the Case of Guarulhos, this work retroacts in time and space and traces the evolution of City and municipality, through component elements of the urban structure, linked to the Social, economic, political, administrative and environmental aspects, covering the period From 1560 to 1966. The urban planning process of the Municipality of Guarulhos was Studied through the historical method, comprising the period from 1967 to 2016. That is, Almost half a century using to a greater or lesser degree the instruments of development With the objective of finding ways to face the emerging challenges of A city that at the beginning of the 21st Century surpassed the mark of one million inhabitants, Making it the most populous non-capital city in the State of São Paulo. This job Seeks to analyze the two aspects of urban planning: discourse and practice. Demand Answer the question: what went right in the master plan? The results of this research Reinforce the relevance of the role of urban planning in improving the quality of life Of the population and their participation in the management of municipalities.

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DI, CROCE NICOLA. "Sonic acknowledgments. La territorialità delle politiche nella pratica dell'ascolto." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/278716.

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The research aims at investigating the relationship between urban and regional planning, policy analysis and design, and Sound Studies. It seeks to acknowledge the urban and regional issues through the raise of sonic awareness, thus discussing the epistemology of specific urban “problems” and proposing an alternative research tools. The analytical approach is preliminary to policy design and to the empowerment of vulnerable communities. Listening becomes then a research device through which it is possible to explore those problematic issues that go unnoticed by the institutions. The thesis is an invitation to read alternatively public policies, and to overcome the “problem solving” approach towards a sonic articulation of the “problem setting” approach. By investigating the sonic environment the research intends to show how knowledge is produced and used by policy makers. Thus sound and sonic environment turn to shape a new model of understanding full of potential although scarcely used by urban planning and policy design; therefore the sonic environment defines its deep political dimension. Within this framework the research will introduce and clarify the notion of soundscape, sonic environment, acoustic atmosphere, and will explore the set of cultural and political studies that are facing the perception, emotion and social behavior related to sound production and fruition.
La ricerca si propone di indagare le possibili interazioni tra i campi della pianificazione territoriale, delle politiche pubbliche, e dei Sound Studies. L’obiettivo è esplicitare le connessioni tra ambiente sonoro e questioni urbane e territoriali attraverso la pratica dell’ascolto; tematizzare dunque le modalità di produzione di conoscenza per affrontare l’inquadramento di particolari “problemi” e l’elaborazione di possibili approcci alternativi di ricerca. Se l’attitudine è sicuramente progettuale, lo scopo dichiarato è analitico, propedeutico all’azione: al disegno di politiche come all’empowerment di comunità. L’ascolto assume quindi le caratteristiche di uno strumento di ricerca; se ne vogliono delineare le potenzialità, esplorare le tracce attraverso cui approcciare le questioni urbane e territoriali che pur “facendo problema” sembrano passare spesso “inosservate”, soprattutto su un piano istituzionale. Si è invitati a seguire un percorso inedito di lettura delle politiche pubbliche, che rimanda al superamento del problem solving e procede verso un’articolazione sonora del problem setting. Attraverso la lettura dell’ambiente sonoro si vuole infatti esplicitare i termini su cui si articola la produzione di conoscenza a supporto dell’azione; conoscenza che costituisce un aiuto essenziale per il processo decisionale, dunque per il disegno di politiche. Il suono, e l’ambiente acustico, intervengono come messaggeri di un modello interpretativo finora troppo poco praticato dalla pianificazione e dal policy design. Se il suono è il centro della ricerca, il suo potenziale evocativo e rappresentativo si esplicita e riverbera nella dimensione politica. Sono allora da introdurre e chiarire i cardini del discorso: definire il paesaggio sonoro, l’ambiente acustico, ed esplorare gli studi culturali che ne stanno decodificando i segnali, dunque il quadro percettivo consapevole e inconsapevole cui l’ascolto fa costantemente riferimento.

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Jelali, Habiba. "The Neighbourhood of Peckham, Southwark : a Study of the Process of Gentrification between 1997 and 2022." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023PA030077.

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Cette thèse porte sur le processus de gentrification et la manière dont les politiques urbaines à Londres ont joué un rôle majeur dans le processus depuis le gouvernement néo-travailliste de 1997. Diverses politiques mises en place ont contribué à la pénurie de logement social, ont encouragé les investissements privés, et ont intensifié la crise du logement dans la capitale. La gentrification, ou la « régénération urbaine », a été utilisée comme un outil politique et une solution au déclin économique. Bien que ces politiques plaident en faveur de la communauté et de l’inclusion sociale, elles créent des tensions entre les classes sociales, ce qui engendre le déplacement des classes populaires vers des quartiers éloignés du centre de la capitale, et ainsi, entraîne des transformations radicales et une perte de l’identité populaire du quartier. Cette étude examine l’impact de ces politiques sur le quartier de Peckham, et est divisée en quatre parties et un total de dix chapitres. La première partie offre un contexte historique expliquant les problèmes de logement à Londres et fournit des détails descriptifs sur Peckham. La seconde partie porte sur la manière dont la gentrification a été planifiée et encouragée à trois niveaux différents : national, régional (le Grand Londres) et local. La troisième partie examine les changements physiques urbains et sociaux, durant deux décennies, et traite de la manière dont l’image de Peckham a été construite par la presse. Elle met en lumière comment la gentrification a été perçue et alimentée, et comment sa définition a évolué au fil du temps au niveau national et local. De plus, elle montre comment les artistes perçoivent le quartier, en démontrant leur rôle significatif dans la création d’une nouvelle identité. La dernière partie porte sur l’impact de ces politiques sur Peckham. Elle examine le déplacement de population direct et indirect lié à la gentrification, les différentes formes de résistance, et les mouvements anti-gentrification qui ont émergé à Peckham
This thesis is about the process of gentrification and how urban policies in London have been playing a major role in the process since the New Labour government in 1997. Various policies which were implemented contributed to a shortage in social housing, encouraged private investments, and intensified the housing crisis in the capital. Gentrification, or “urban regeneration”, was used as a political tool and a solution to economic decline. Despite advocating for community and social inclusion, these policies created tension between social classes, leading to the displacement of the working classes to areas far from the centre of the capital, and therefore, led to the drastic transformation of neighbourhoods and loss of working-class identity. This study examines the impact of these policies on the Peckham neighbourhood, and is divided into four sections and a total of ten chapters. The first section provides a historical background that explains the housing issues in London, and provides descriptive details of Peckham. The second shows how gentrification was planned and promoted at three different levels: national, regional (Greater London) and local. The third section examines the physical urban and social changes during two decades, and tackles Peckham’s image as constructed by the press. It highlights how gentrification was viewed and created, and how its definition evolved over time on national and local levels. In addition, it shows how artists perceive the neighbourhood, demonstrating their significant role in creating its new identity. The final section focuses on the impact these policies had on Peckham. It examines direct and indirect displacement linked to gentrification and the different forms of resistance and anti-gentrification movements that arose in Peckham

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Andrade, Elisabete de. "A sustentabilidade apoiada pelas políticas urbanas federais e estaduais: o caso de Governador Valadares, Juiz de Fora, Montes Claros, Poços de Caldas e Uberlândia - MG." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16139/tde-26052010-104844/.

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O presente trabalho tem por objetivo verificar se as políticas públicas teriam sido capazes de dotar o ambiente urbano de sustentabilidade. Com este propósito, são analisados os Planos Nacionais de Desenvolvimento encaminhados pelo governo federal no período de 1972 a 1985, buscando evidenciar as propostas para o desenvolvimento urbano contido em cada um deles. Dentre estas, é dado destaque ao Programa Nacional de Cidades Médias e, procurando fazer um recobrimento temporal dentro planejamento determinado pelo governo do Estado de Minas Gerais, ao Programa Estadual de Centros Intermediários. A ampliação da discussão sobre a questão ambiental no mundo, após as sucessivas crises de abastecimento, é colocada através de uma revisão dos textos das Conferências Mundiais sobre Meio Ambiente e sobre Assentamentos Humanos, para que possam ser definidos critérios que necessariamente deveriam estar contidos em uma análise de sustentabilidade do ambiente urbano. São definidos alguns parâmetros daquilo que seria recomendável estar presente em um ambiente urbano que se pretenda mais sustentável. Estes parâmetros qualificados como necessários são expostos em uma matriz que delega valoração ao ambiente analisado. Para objetivar a aplicação dos parâmetros e da matriz de sustentabilidade são escolhidas cinco cidades do estado de Minas Gerais buscando constatar a sustentabilidade do ambiente após a análise de investimentos dos dois programas citado.
The present work intends to verify whether public politics would have been able to provide the urban landscape with sustainability. With this purpose, the National Develop Plans issued by the federal government between 1972 and 1985 are analyzed in order to enlighten the urban development proposals contained in each one of them. Among them, the National Program of Half-Sized Cities and the State Program of Intermediary Centers are highlighted and, looking after making a time recovery inside the planning determined by the state government. The world environment debate amplification, after frequent supply deficit, is treated through a review of texts written in World Conferences about Environment and Human Settlements, so it is possible to define criteria that necessarily needs to be contained within an analysis of \"urban environment sustainability\". A few parameters are defined of what would be advisable to be present in an urban environment which intends to be \"sustainable\". These parameters qualified as necessary are exposed in a matrix which gives value to the analyzed environment. To aim the parameters application and the sustainable matrix five cities from Minas Gerais are chosen intending to certify the environment sustainability after investments analysis of both programs cited.

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Camacho, David E. "Chicano Urban Politics: The Role of the Political Entrepreneur." University of Arizona, Mexican American Studies and Research Center, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/218632.

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Greenstein, Daniel I. "Urban politics and the urban process : two case studies of Philadelphia." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ed50068a-eeb2-433a-b2ab-279c7296b95f.

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Both academics and the makers of public policy have for a long time been interested in the study of urban politics, but the subject needs to be integrated with the process of urban growth and development. Too frequently, the urban polity is analyzed as an arena which passively reflects or mechanically responds to more fundamental changes in the urban social structure. In this work, case studies of political reform in Philadelphia at two periods, 1800 to 1854 and 1890 to 1915, develop a number of hypotheses about how the urban polity plays an influential role in shaping the process of urban growth and change. Both case studies begin with computer-assisted analyses of changes in the socio-economic and spatial structures of urban society. Such changes are often considered to be fundamental causes of urban political reform either because they altered political elites' interests in municipal government or because they created enormous new demands on existing municipal works and services. The studies show, however, that social structural changes cannot by themselves explain the course of urban political development in the city of Philadelphia. Concentrating primarily on the formulation and implementation of municipal public works, the studies show that in both periods, the course of political reform was often shaped by two things: the 'private' or selfish interests of political actors, and the fragmented financial, administrative and party structures of the urban polity. More important, the studies show how self-interested political activities, in a polity in which authority was highly fragmented, often had consequences which were far reaching in their impact on the structure and experience of urban life. Indeed, the first case study shows how urban politics shaped the process of social group formation in the industrializing city. The second case study shows how the structure and conduct of urban politics determined social groups' political power in the city. The conclusion then demonstrates how the case studies support a number of hypotheses about the relationship between urban politics and urban society which may be applied generally to analyses of the process of urban growth and change.

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Nathan, Noah. "Electoral Politics Amid Africa's Urban Transition: A Study of Urban Ghana." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493394.

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Africa is rapidly urbanizing. With so many African voters now living in cities, understanding African electoral politics now requires understanding the politics of urban areas. How does urbanization affect the accountability relationships between voters and politicians? Answering this question means answering a series of more specific empirical questions: what do urban voters want from the government? Which types of urban voters participate in politics and which do not? How do urban voters choose which candidates to support? How do politicians campaign in cities? Which types of urban voters do politicians seek to favor with state resources? %These are the core empirical questions examined in the dissertation. Electoral politics in African cities received significant attention in the independence era, but little political science research has examined these cities in the contemporary democratic period. The small literature that has is largely supportive of modernization approaches. Modernization theories expect a series of socio-economic transformations created by urbanization to reduce the political importance of ethnicity and the prevalence of clientelism and other forms of patronage-based politics. But I argue that urbanization also simultaneously creates conditions that reinforce incentives for patronage distribution, clientelism, and ethnic voting. Scarcity in the provision of basic services in contexts of low state capacity encourages politicians to continue employing patronage-based appeals. This solidifies many voters' incentives to support ethnically-aligned parties and drives the new urban middle class away from active political participation, lowering pressure on urban politicians to engage in programmatic, policy-based competition. I explore these incentives through a detailed study of Greater Accra, the largest metropolitan area in Ghana. I combine original survey data and survey experiments, fine-grained geo-coded census data, and extensive qualitative evidence to explore voters' policy preferences, vote choices, and patterns of political participation, as well as politicians' strategies in a cross-section of urban neighborhoods. The findings suggest that rather than pulling political competition in one direction, as modernization theories expect, urbanization in Africa instead moves political outcomes in multiple directions at once: reinforcing ethnic competition and clientelism in some neighborhoods, while undermining these forms of political competition in other neighborhoods within the same city at the same time. Studies of the effects of urbanization must recognize that these dual realities co-exist within African cities. In addition to building our understanding of urban politics in Africa, the dissertation contributes to broader political science debates about the emergence of programmatic competition, determinants of political participation, patterns of distributive politics, the importance of neighborhood context, and the causes of ethnic political competition in new democracies.
Government

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Novaretti, Diego Meleiro. "Políticas públicas municipais de gestão ambiental-urbana : experiências institucionais na implementação de uma gestão plena em Santo André e Araraquara, SP." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4272.

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Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
The following work has as main purpose discuss the present public politics of urban environmental management by analyzing municipal models, practices and experiences, in search of an absolute management. Inside the thematic of environmental and urban institutional politics, dialoging with normative aspects, of planning and institutional management, this research seeks the understanding and the analysis of the urbanenvironmental management from the city councils of Araraquara and Santo André. The selection of these city counties parted from the observation that they are in a favorite position in comparison with other ones due to the operational, administrational and cultural circumstances respecting to the new demands from the National System of Environment. In parallel, this research will board the difficulties of these both city counties to attend the new establishes that are being placed to them since the redemocratization of the 80´s, with regard to the municipal urban-environmental management, as well as to the questions associated with the interface between the urban politics and the environmental politics.
O presente trabalho tem como principal finalidade colocar em discussão as atuais políticas públicas de gestão ambiental-urbana a partir da análise de modelos, práticas e experiências municipais na busca de uma gestão plena. Dentro da temática de políticas institucionais ambientais e urbanas, e dialogando com aspectos normativos, de planejamento e gestão institucional, a pesquisa aqui apresentada procura o entendimento e a análise da gestão ambiental-urbana dos municípios de Araraquara e Santo André. A escolha destes municípios partiu da constatação de que estes se encontram em posição privilegiada em comparação a outros, no que se refere às condições operacionais, administrativas e culturais em relação às novas exigências impostas pelo Sistema Nacional de Meio Ambiente. Paralelamente, abordam-se as dificuldades dos municípios em atender as novas exigências que lhe estão sendo postas desde a redemocratização dos anos 80, em relação à gestão ambiental-urbana, assim como, às questões associadas à interface entre as políticas urbanas e as políticas ambientais.

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Viana, Camilla Paiva. "Saneamento bÃsico em Ãreas de vulnerabilidade socioeconÃmica: uma avaliaÃÃo do Programa de Drenagem Urbana de Fortaleza (DRENURB)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2015. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=16541.

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nÃo hÃ
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar as polÃticas pÃblicas de saneamento bÃsico e, em especial, avaliar o Programa de Drenagem Urbana de Fortaleza (Drenurb), verificando quais foram os efeitos provocados por suas aÃÃes no perÃodo de 2010 a 2012. O Drenurb corresponde Ã primeira iniciativa sistematizada da Prefeitura Municipal de Fortaleza para a captaÃÃo das Ãguas pluviais em meio urbano, visando a minorar os transtornos causados pela incidÃncia de alagamentos. Para a realizaÃÃo desta pesquisa, optamos pela metodologia de estudo de caso ao analisarmos duas obras, priorizando duas perspectivas: a dos moradores que permaneceram no local onde a obra foi realizada e a dos indivÃduos em situaÃÃo de extrema pobreza que foram indenizados para que a obra tivesse prosseguimento. O intuito da avaliaÃÃo consiste na percepÃÃo das transformaÃÃes positivas e negativas provenientes das aÃÃes executadas e suas reverberaÃÃes no espaÃo da cidade e na vida dos indivÃduos. Para tanto, este trabalho prezou por refazer a trajetÃria das primeiras aÃÃes que constituÃram a polÃtica de saneamento, atÃ o perÃodo atual, contextualizando-a com outras polÃticas que visam Ã transformaÃÃo do espaÃo urbano. Para alcanÃarmos os objetivos propostos, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e entrevistas em profundidade. Os resultados dessa avaliaÃÃo apontam para as seguintes questÃes: (1) a populaÃÃo remanescente reconhece as benfeitorias do programa, no entanto nÃo sabe o que de fato Ã a drenagem e utiliza as galerias de coleta das Ãguas pluviais para outros fins; (2) nÃo houve, por parte da Prefeitura, o estabelecimento de canais de comunicaÃÃo ou de avaliaÃÃo da atuaÃÃo do programa junto Ã populaÃÃo atendida; (3) as moradoras indenizadas manifestaram desejo de ter permanecido no logradouro anterior, mesmo que continuassem a residir em habitaÃÃes extremamente precÃrias; (4) as famÃlias indenizadas nÃo foram esclarecidas quanto aos parÃmetros que basearam o cÃlculo do valor a ser pago pela desapropriaÃÃo de suas residÃncias; (5) o Drenurb atendeu as expectativas da populaÃÃo em relaÃÃo Ãs melhorias advindas da obra, mas executou as aÃÃes de saneamento de modo desarticulado Ãs outras polÃticas que influenciam a dinÃmica de ocupaÃÃo do espaÃo urbano.

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Souza, Gabriel Girnos Elias de. "Percepções e intervenções na metrópole: a experiência do projeto Arte/Cidade em São Paulo (1994-2002)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18142/tde-15112006-140104/.

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Esta dissertação aborda o desenvolvimento do projeto Arte/Cidade na cidade de São Paulo entre os anos de 1994 e 2002, a partir de um questionamento sobre as relações entre cidade, política e estética e sobre os potenciais e problemas atuais que a arte urbana teria para se configurar como instância crítica. Arte/Cidade foi e é uma iniciativa cultural de grandes eventos de intervenção artística em espaços urbanos, que realizou quatro exposições em São Paulo, e exibiu várias mudanças em seu desenrolar: surgido em uma instituição pública como empreendimento artístico, passou a ser organizado por uma associação não-governamental e a se envolver também em debates urbanísticos, arquitetônicos e políticos sobre a metrópole contemporânea. Por outro lado, o projeto também ocorreu em meio a um momento de crescente vinculação entre empreendimentos culturais e marketing urbano, no bojo de uma progressiva espetacularização, privatização e mercadorização da cidade e da cultura. Propõe-se aqui identificar e analisar as principais mudanças nos discursos, estratégias e práticas de Arte/Cidade, com o objetivo de refletir sobre sua inserção nesse panorama e sobre as implicações e potenciais políticos de um mega-evento artístico em espaço urbano na São Paulo da década de noventa.
This dissertation discourses about the development of Arte/Cidade project in the city of São Paulo between 1994 and 2002, based on concerns about the relations between city, politics and aesthetics and about the present potentials and problems that urban art would have to configure itself as critical instance. Arte/Cidade was and is a cultural initiative of great events comprehending artistic interventions in urban spaces, which accomplished four expositions in São Paulo and showed many changes in its development: initiated in a public institution as an artistic enterprise, it was later organized by of a non-governmental association and also involved itself in urbanistic, architectonical and political debates about the contemporary metropolis. On the other hand, the project happened in a moment of increasing binding between cultural enterprises and urban marketing, in a context of progressive spectacularization, privatization and merchandising of the city and of the culture. This work intends to identify and to analyze the main changes in Arte/Cidade speeches, strategies and practices, with the objective of reflecting on its insertion in that scope and on the political implications and potentials of an artistic mega-event in the urban space of São Paulo in the ninetys.

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Venesy, Lauren. "The Politics of a Playful Urban Experience." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1623166469086961.

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15

Dhar, Bulbul. "Politics of economic liberalisation in urban Tanzania." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1995. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28951/.

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This thesis examines the political responses of urban Tanzanians to the policies of economic liberalisation implemented since the late 1980s by the Government of Tanzania as part of the Structural Adjustment Programme sponsored by the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank. It also examines their political responses to the issue of multiparty politics. The argument is that even though Structural Adjustment has been initiated in Tanzania, it crucially needs public support to engender the kind of government commitment and capability that is required to enable the government to implement it fully. It looks at three categories of respondents, those of the urban lower classes, those in the government and party bureaucracy and those in the educational and media sectors, who form part of the intelligentsia. The analysis is based on fieldwork carried out in the three major towns of Dar-es-Salaam, Arusha and Dodoma where open-ended interviews were conducted with more than 290 citizens. One wide-spread response to the economic hardship, since the early 1980s, has been to work in the informal sector, which along with the illegal underground economy, has been termed the Second Economy. The responses largely indicate a willingess to put up with the hardships imposed by the economic austerity of the liberalisation measures, over and above that caused by the economic crisis of the early and mid-1980s. But whether this public tolerance will continue in the absence of further short-term benefits is not clear. Also, regarding the moves towards political liberalisation and multiparty politics, these late-1980s developments are seen as improving governance, with a general feeling being that it has served to improve the functioning of the single-party. But clearly urban Tanzanians do not feel that more parties means greater democracy. However, the related phenomena of 'disengagement' from the state and the 'informalisation' of the economy, with their diversion of state resources including human capital away from the formal economy, do not augur well for the future success of structural adjustment. If, consequently, growth in the formal sector does not respond to structural adjustment as it is intended to, the political legitimacy of the leadership in the post-colonial Tanzanian state may well be under threat.

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Raman, Nithya Varsha. "The politics and anti-politics of shelter policy in Chennai, India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45367.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-87).
Many scholars argue that global forces, such as increased economic integration into the global economy or interventions from international aid agencies, are directly affecting the governance of municipalities. This paper explores the process by which international influences affect local governance by using the history of a single institution, the Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board in Chennai, India, and examining the evolution of the Board's policies towards slums and slum clearance from 1970 to the present. In its early years, state level political party incentives determined the shelter policies of the Board. The World Bank donated significant amounts of money to the Board for projects in low- income shelter provision between 1975 and 1996, and attempted to significantly change shelter sector policies in the city. However, the Bank faced a great deal of resistance in imposing reforms on the Board. It was not until they radically changed institutional structures within the Board to cut ties with local political parties that they were able to successfully implement policy reform. The history of the Tamil Nadu Slum Clearance Board suggests that institutional structures are of great importance when trying to understand the way in which international influences affect local governance.
by Nithya V. Raman.
M.C.P.

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Fraser, Arabella. "Rethinking urban risk and adaptation : the politics of vulnerability in informal urban settlements." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3130/.

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Informal urban settlements are increasingly recognised as vulnerable to climate related risks. Their political-legal status is known to influence their vulnerability, but the linkages between state governance and vulnerability in this setting remain under researched. In particular, as more urban governments develop climate risk assessments, questions arise about how risks are defined, operationalised and received; and the impact this politics has on local-scale vulnerabilities. The thesis proposes a new conceptual direction for urban vulnerability research. First, it draws on livelihoods debates to highlight how the politics of access influences vulnerability, and shows how this is shaped through the interaction between agency and structure, and the social and political relations of meaning and power in which livelihoods decisions are embedded. Second, the thesis shows how theories of Science and Technology Studies (STS) and public policy, and theories of the state, can be used to investigate the politics of risk assessment in informal, urban areas. This theoretical frame generates insights at the interface between development studies and post-structural thought, providing a new perspective on questions of how adaptation takes place in informal areas, who adapts and what they are adapting to. The conceptual propositions of the thesis are applied to a landslide risk management programme in three informal settlements in Bogota, Colombia. The thesis presents empirical findings that illustrate (i) how risk assessments are shaped by state values and practices particular to informal sites in ways that create new inclusions and exclusions in policy; (ii) how inhabitants respond to risk in the context of sociallyembedded meanings and identities and their relationships with the state; and (iii) how people’s agency to transform risks is forged in socio-economic and political networks of power. The thesis argues for a re-politicisation of approaches to understanding urban risk and adaptation, and for transformations in policy to reflect this approach.

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INTI, ISABELLA. "Spazi urbani residuali e azioni temporanee : un'occasione per ridefinire i territori, gli attori e le politiche urbane." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/278214.

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Yasar, Ceren Gamze. "Politics Of Urban Sprawl: The Case Of Ankara." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612492/index.pdf.

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The main hypothesis of this thesis is that the problem of urban sprawl, as a disorder in the growth of the cities, is not a natural result of the growth of the capitalist city but a phenomenon manipulated politically. Consequently, generally a geographically problematized phenomenon
the urban sprawl is, within this work, problematized with reference to urban politics. In the searching of the politics of urban sprawl, one of the political interventions into the urban space
the master plans has utmost importance in this work. The impact of the master plans on the sprawl of the city will be analyzed. A categorization of urban sprawl is proposed in the work, on the urban geography with reference to politics of urban sprawl. After illustrating the types of urban sprawl, the politics of urban sprawl is modeled. The political interventions of State, Metropolitan Municipality, District Municipalities, Housing Development Administration, Real Estate Agents and Rural Landowners located on the periphery is included in the model and their impact on the urban geography is evaluated. Ankara will be examined as a case in the politics of urban sprawl
her unique characteristics like being the '
planned'
capital city controlled by master plans make her indispensable to study. The political interventions of the actors to the urban space of Ankara is highly visible especially considering urban sprawl in the geography of the city, yet another reason to work on.

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Ortega, Nieto Daniel. "The politics of urban poverty| Participation and welfare." Thesis, Georgetown University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3617802.

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The rapid process of urbanization currently swelling the poor urban neighborhoods of developing countries is changing local and national political landscapes. As the population of urban poor continues to grow—it is expected that by 2030 half of the total urban population will be poor—so are poor peoples' demands for access to public services, as well as the type and intensity of their engagements with political actors. The dissertation focuses on the different types of interactions between the urban poor and politicians and specifically tackles the following questions: What explains the variation in political participation among the urban poor? What drives the urban poor to become active in politics? What types of political activity are these citizens engaging in? The dissertation uses a mixed-methods strategy that makes use of a case study of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and survey data, including an original dataset that includes interviews with over 400 favela dwellers. It finds that in Brazil, there is a "favela effect" in political participation: favela dwellers are more likely to become politically engaged in a number of activities—voting, working for a politician, participating in neighborhood meetings—than people living in more affluent neighborhoods. In addition, the dissertation demonstrates that there are multiple pathways to political participation and that four factors are key in explaining the levels of political engagement: social networks, religious groups, government transfer schemes, and NGO programs. The dissertation contributes to the literature on political participation and democracy, and helps move the debate on political engagement of the urban poor beyond arguments that, on the one hand, portray them as uninterested or unable to engage in political activities and, on the other hand, describe them as the inevitable victims of clientelism and political bosses.

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Grave, Daniel Ivo Neri. "Avaliação da capacidade de gestão democrática municipal: uma análise da experiência do Plano diretor participativo de Simões Filho." Escola de Administração da Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2015. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/19627.

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The process of urban transformation of the cities is fruit of a historical evolution that has as recent the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the Statute of the City, Law 10.257/2011. In this direction, the cities come absorbing abilities for legitimation of instruments of development politics and urban expansion, as the Managing Plan. This study it searchs to measure the capacity of democratic management of the Municipal City hall of Simões Son in relation to the politics publishes urban. The research is guided where measured the instruments of popular participation they contribuiram for an effective urban planning compromised with attendance of the real demands and interests of the territory. The work assumes as base basic theoretician-metodologica the concept of Administration Politics that has as central reference of analysis that the planning and participativa management requere to compose two complementary axles: dimension politics and technique.
O processo de transformação urbana das cidades é fruto de uma evolução histórica que tem como recente marco a Constituição Federal de 1988 e o Estatuto da Cidade, Lei 10.257/2011. Nesse sentido, os municípios vêm absorvendo competências para legitimação de instrumentos de políticas de desenvolvimento e expansão urbana, como o Plano Diretor. Este estudo busca medir a capacidade de gestão democrática da Prefeitura Municipal de Simões Filho em relação à política publica urbana. A pesquisa é norteada em que medida os instrumentos de participação popular contribuiram para um planejamento urbano efetivo comprometido com atendimento das reais demandas e interesses do território. O trabalho assume como base teorico-metodologica fundamental o conceito de Administração Política que tem como referência central de análise que o planejamento e gestão participativa requere compor dois eixos complementares : dimensão politica e técnica. The process of urban transformation of the cities is fruit of a historical evolution that has as recent the Federal Constitution of 1988 and the Statute of the City, Law 10.257/2011. In this direction, the cities come absorbing abilities for legitimation of instruments of development politics and urban expansion, as the Managing Plan. This study it searchs to measure the capacity of democratic management of the Municipal City hall of Simões Son in relation to the politics publishes urban. The research is guided where measured the instruments of popular participation they contribuiram for an effective urban planning compromised with attendance of the real demands and interests of the territory. The work assumes as base basic theoreticianmetodologica the concept of Administration Politics that has as central reference of analysis that the planning and participativa management requere to compose two complementary axles: dimension politics and technique.

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Gonzalez, Helios Puig. "Urbanização da periferia : a dicotomia entre politicas públicas e a realidade : o caso da vila Nova Brasilia." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/118378.

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O presente estudo analisa os projetos e as ações do Setor Público, na cidade de Porto Alegre, no que se refere às políticas sociais e de urbanização voltadas para as camadas de baixa renda, em especial aos moradores da Vila Nova Brasília, no Bairro do Sarandi, zona Norte da cidade. Pretende, como estudo de caso, indicar um procedimento analítico para a compreensão dos movimentos populares utilizando, ao máximo possível , as próprias palavras dos seus atores para a análise dos fatos vivenciados intensivamente. O caminho percorrido foi o da verificação, no campo do planejamento federal, estadual e municipal, das ligações existentes entre padrão de acumulação e política pública, consubstanciadas na forma do ordenamento espacial e urbano. Isto vai mostrar que, como conseqüência da necessidade de regulamentação do espaço, surge uma nova lógica de expulsão. Esta difere, em termos de filosofia, daquelas das Administrações anteriores a esse período, que utilizavam a força policial para desalojar os moradores. Agora, ao contrário, consoante com o seu processo de cooptaçóo política local, surge a possibilidade da expulsão econômica caracterizada por um processo "indireto" de expulsão orientada. E esse processo é bastante eficiente no sentido de legitimar a ação do Poder Público, implementando, assim, a lógica da acumulação capitalista. Do ponto de vista da intencionalidade, buscamos mostrar como os interesses político-econômicos das populações atingidas se relacionam às suas aspirações e expectativas, e verificamos que os moradores, mais uma vez, são relegados a um segundo plano, sem haver, por parte dos planejadores, qualquer preocupação básica com a sorte nomimal de cada família.
This study aims at analysing the Public Sector projects and actions, at Porto Alegre, towards the social and urbanization policies for the lower income classes, specially those living at the Nova Brasília Squatter, in the Sarandi borough, in the Northen part of the city. As a case study, it purposes to indicate an analytical framework to comprehending the grass-roots movement using, to the maximun possible, the actors' own words for expressing their analysis of the intensively lived through facts. The track chosen has been the one of the verification, in the Federal, State and Local Planning areas, of the existing link between the accumulation pattern and the public policy. This is going to show that, as a consequence of the need to regulate the space, a new expulsion logic comes forward. This differs, in philosophical terms, from those of the prior Administrations which used the police forces to dislodge the residents. Now, instead, according to their local political cooptation process, comes up the possibility of the economic expulsion characterized by an "indirect" process of oriented expulsion. And this process is quite efficient in the sense of legitimizing the Public Power's action, this implementing the capitalist accumulation logic. From the intentionality point of view, we sought to show how the envolved population's political-economic interests are related to their aspirations and expectatives, and we have verified that the residents, once more, are relegated to a secondary role, with the planners not having any basic worries about the nominal fate of each family.

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Pereira, Daniela Costanzo de Assis. "Relações público-privadas no Metrô de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-14062017-090352/.

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Este trabalho busca compreender a implementação das linhas de metrô em São Paulo e da Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo, desde sua formação, nos anos 1960, até os dias atuais. Buscou-se entender quem foram os principais atores nacionais e internacionais, dos setores público ou privado, que participaram das decisões sobre esta política pública em questão. Para isso, foram analisados os processos de tomada de decisão e de implementação das Linhas 1 Azul, 3 Vermelha, 2 Verde e 4 Amarela. Com os achados da pesquisa é possível argumentar que o Metrô de São Paulo, o qual foi constituído como uma empresa pública capacitada, passou por um rebaixamento do seu corpo técnico e de suas capacidades estatais, que deram espaço ao interesse de atores privados dentro da companhia, acarretando em prejuízo para a empresa pública e em atraso de obras. Tal processo se deu com a ascensão e queda de um modelo de Estado desenvolvimentista e do surgimento de novas visões de Estado influenciadas pelo New Public Management.
This work seeks to understand the implementation of subway lines in São Paulo and analyze the Companhia do Metropolitano de São Paulo, from its formation, in the 1960s, to the present time. The research also attempts to verify who were the main national and international actors, from the public and private sectors, that participated in the decisions on this public policy in question. For this purpose, the processes of decision making and implementation of the lines 1 - Blue, 3 - Red, 2 - Green and 4 - Yellow were analyzed. With the findings of the research it is possible to argue that the Metrô of São Paulo has undergone a downgrading of its technical staff and its state capabilities, characteristic of its constitution, that gave space to the interest of private actors inside the company, resulting in loss to the public company and in backlog of works. This process occurred with the rise and fall of a model of developmentalist State and the emergence of new visions of State influenced by New Public Management.

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Hartmann, Franz M. "Nature in the city : urban ecological politics in Toronto /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0023/NQ39270.pdf.

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Mastropietro, E. "Ripensare l'immagine della città : politiche e pratiche di riqualificazione urbana in Europa." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/69460.

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La ricerca, dal titolo "Ripensare l’immagine della città : politiche e pratiche di riqualificazione urbana in Europa", ha come obiettivo principale l’analisi di alcune problematiche relative ai processi di riqualificazione dello spazio urbano che interessano le città europee contemporanee. Il punto di partenza dell’analisi si concentra sulla constatazione di come la crisi del modello industriale tradizionale, abbia determinato un processo di trasformazione del tessuto fisico e del paesaggio delle città, a cui le amministrazioni pubbliche locali hanno dovuto rispondere promuovendo programmi ed interventi di riqualificazione urbana. Al centro dello studio condotto sui processi di rivalorizzazione di quelle che sono definite come "aree di crisi del tessuto urbano", si pone l’analisi del paesaggio, interpretato da una prospettiva sistemica e quindi inteso come la rappresentazione delle dinamiche territoriali. Tema centrale della ricerca è lo studio delle politiche e delle pratiche promosse dall’Unione Europea nell’ambito della progettazione e riqualificazione urbana, osservate come fattori di riorganizzazione delle città. Presupposto teorico che muove la ricerca in questo senso è la visione delle policy territoriali come fattori determinati nei processi di mutamento dello spazio costruito. Si è scelto, quindi, di indagare la problematica della riqualificazione urbana in Europa ponendo al centro dell’Indagine il Programma di Iniziativa Comunitaria Urban, che ha avuto nelle sue due edizioni (Urban I 1994-1999; Urban II 2000-2006) un’applicazione diffusa su tutto il territorio europeo e ha posto in evidenza una molteplicità di problematiche e di potenzialità proprie dei programmi di riqualificazione urbana. L’analisi è supportata con l’approfondimento di due casi di studio in Italia.

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Ospina, Adriana Marcela Sánchez. "Política e Planejamento: Bogotá, trinta anos de práticas urbanísticas, 1926-1958." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/102/102132/tde-24012013-102457/.

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Esta dissertação aborda as transformações urbanas em Bogotá - Colômbia. Especificamente, elabora um quadro político, econômico e social que influenciam as modificações no aparelho institucional urbano e explica os principais planos urbanos elaborados para Bogotá entre os anos 1926 e 1958. Aponta, além do mais, as principais discussões feitas na Câmara Municipal, principal órgão legislativo do município, no que tem a ver com política urbana durante o período, assim como, a introdução de práticas urbanísticas europeias e estadunidenses em Bogotá através de algumas figuras importantes do cenário nacional. Trata, portanto, da identificação dos agentes envolvidos e seu desdobramento na política municipal e das práticas urbanísticas empreendidas. Por fim, este trabalho pretende fornecer novas ferramentas de discussão acadêmica sobre a circulação de ideias no continente americano.
This dissertation explores the urban transformation in Bogotá - Colombia. Specifically, devises political, economic and social framework which influence the changes in the urban institutional apparatus and expose the main urban plans drafted for Bogotá between the years 1926 and 1958. It proposes the main discussions made at Camara Hall, main legislative body of the municipality, in what has to do with urban policy during the period, as well as the introduction of European and American ideas at the urban practices in Bogotá through some important figures at the national scene. It aims to identify agents involved and their unfolding in municipal politics and urbanistic practices undertaken. Lastly, this work intends to provide new tools in academic discussion on the circulation of ideas in the American continent.

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Ribeiro, Cl?udia Maria Lima. "Ou ? casa ou ? nada: um estudo sobre a l?gica de ocupa??o dos espa?os constru?dos ? margem da legisla??o no munic?pio de Campinas." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2006. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/38.

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The objective of this work is to investigate what is decisive in the constitution of the spaces produced by the occupations of lands in an illegal way, understanding each other for illegal the construction to the margin of the legislation of effective territorial planning in the municipal districts. The initial hypothesis thrown by the research is the one of the existence of an own space order. But also to try to understand which are the decisive ones for the drawing of the occupation and of the space of the house; which is the relationship that he establishes with the family arrangement, with the legislation, with the imaginary that it is built starting from the references of the groups that settled down in these territories. Another subject that she intended to investigate is refers to the dimension assumed by the public and private spaces in these territories; which are the forms of appropriation of the collective space and the public and private dimensions were built in the processes of occupation of the spaces.
O objetivo deste trabalho ? investigar o que ? determinante na constitui??o dos espa?os produzidos pelas ocupa??es de terras de forma ilegal, entendendo-se por ilegal a constru??o ? margem da legisla??o de ordenamento territorial vigente nos munic?pios. A hip?tese inicial lan?ada pela pesquisa ? a da exist?ncia de uma ordem espacial pr?pria. Mas tamb?m procurar compreender quais s?o as determinantes para o desenho da ocupa??o e do espa?o da moradia; qual ? a rela??o que ele estabelece com o arranjo familiar, com a legisla??o, com o imagin?rio que se constr?i a partir das refer?ncias dos grupos que se estabeleceram nestes territ?rios. Outra quest?o que se pretendeu investigar refere-se ? dimens?o assumida pelos espa?os p?blicos e privados nestes territ?rios; quais s?o as formas de apropria??o dos espa?os coletivos e de que maneira as dimens?es p?blica e privada foram constru?dos nos processos de ocupa??o dos espa?os.

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Stewart, Laura A. M. "Urban politics and British civil wars : Edinburgh, 1617-53 /." Leiden [u.a.] : Brill, 2006. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0701/2006298112.html.

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Zahidi, Tabassum Shahid. "The politics of sustainable urban enironmental management in Islamabad." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267274.

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Sustainable urban environmental management is a process of improving the urban environment and quality of life of all citizens. This means allocating urban resources fairly, ensuring civil rights of citizenship and adequate housing, and guaranteeing healthinessin the use of air or wateri n urban areas.T his, at least, is the principle. Islamabad is a capital city that has concentrated power historically, geographically and ideologically. The city was designed to promote the well-being of elite groups of Pakistan in the post colonial period. Due to this powerful status Islamabad appropriates an unequal share of resources and public wealth. This is the prestige capital of a nation where the interests of the social and political elites are served by the civil government, but where the well-being of those with no legal rights to settle are not taken into account in the management of urban resources. This position is maintained by a state-supported bureaucracy which manages urban development and virtually controls the whole process of urban development. In the wake of the UN Conference on Environment and Development, Pakistan and Islamabad have both embarked on a new agenda of what is termed sustainable environmentalm anagemente: quity in the distributiono f resources,e fficiency in the use of resources, and a more participatory form of urban governance. With the use of three case studies, on the allocation and pricing of water, on the provision of low income housing, and on the interaction of urban management and civil society groups, this research demonstrates that the sustainable urban environmental managemento bjectivesa re being ignored or reinterpretedb y the urban managemenot f Islamabad in favour of the politically supported elites, and in violation of the well-being of the poor. The conclusion of this research is that the radical and sustaining agenda of the post UNCED era is likely to be compromised in Islamabad. The process of reform has already been systematically delayed.

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Ferreri, Mara. "Occupying vacant spaces : precarious politics of temporary urban reuse." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8460.

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Temporary urban projects are often portrayed as offering innovative and experimental solutions to the challenges of countering the negative perceptions associated with vacancy, and of providing rent-free open spaces for non-commercial activities in inner city areas. The political implications of temporary use, however, are controversial, being both celebrated as a form of participatory and emancipatory spatial re-appropriation and critiqued as a new frontier of experiential place marketing and a symptom of urban gentrification. This thesis aims to provide a situated investigation of the tension between the potential of reappropriation and its wider material conditions, to discuss the precarious politics of temporary use as a form of urban action at a time of austerity. My reflections are grounded in an ethnographic approach to practices of temporary use in contemporary London and in an in-depth study of a selection of cultural and activist projects that reclaim vacant shop fronts for community uses. In this thesis I address three main issues. The first concerns the development of the discourse of temporary reuse, and particularly of pop-up shops, between 2009 and 2011. By analysing media coverage, public events and forms of self-representation of London-based practices and practitioners, I attend to official and unofficial narratives mobilised and performed by a range of urban actors. The second issue concerns the material conditions of temporary vacant shop front reuse. In order to ‘re-materialise’ temporary reuse I engage with the often overlooked questions of access, diverse economies, and labour. Lastly, my investigation is concerned with the potential of these practices to engender radically different socio-spatial relations. Drawing on recent debates around the ‘affective turn’ in social sciences, I analyse the emotionally-charged performative openness of community-oriented shop fronts as capable of creating places where meanings and subject-positions are challenged and negotiated, offering insights into their potential for transformative urban encounters.

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Elder, Keir. "James Barke : politics, cinema and writing Scottish urban modernity." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2013. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/0e2e9d04-334e-445a-b1b1-9fa7cbca5fa5.

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This thesis examines the early works of the Scottish novelist, playwright, would-be screenwriter, commentator and political agitator, James Barke, to argue that he was a more significant figure on the Scottish literary scene than his place in the canon would suggest. The purpose in so doing is to suggest that his writing was symptomatic of a modernisation in Scottish society and letters during the 1930s. In prosecuting this endeavour, the research considers four aspects of the author's early output: the political dimension; his aesthetic sensibilities; the impact and representation of the city; and finally the part played by the experience and influence of the cinema. Equally, it is argued that these novels are emblematic of both the author's own migration from country to city and the longer-term transformation of Scotland's demography from largely rural-dwelling to largely urban-dwelling. The theoretical method engages with a Marxist critique and anchors Barke's early novels to his constantly evolving political commitment which tracks, but does not entirely subscribe to, the development of a broad range of Leftist ideologies of the era. The jump-off point and principal underpinning of the research is an appreciation of James Barke's Major Operation (1936) as a Scottish novel of significance for its literary innovation, approach to, and rendering of, Scottish urban modernity. In the thoroughgoing 2002 analysis of the field in Scottish Literature edited by Douglas Gifford, Major Operation is identified as one of the Scottish novels 'extending its perspective of ironic social realism to the city' and a novel that 'had no time for non-political and non-economic considerations.' This thesis contends that this is to diminish the scope of Major Operation's engagement with innovative forms and considerations of the dichotomies that comprise the modern city. I argue that, inspired by the stylistic achievements of James Joyce, in many respects Ulysses and Major Operation are contiguous, each author concerned with a ‘peripheral’ city in an Empire, each coloured by its national tradition, residual parochial features, idiolect and political situation. In a bold literary form, Barke's novel celebrates and critiques Glasgow in a manner unsurpassed in Scottish letters, his approach to modern urban Scotland in his early novels being a uniquely informed and cosmopolitan one.

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Holland, Alisha Caroline. "Forbearance as Redistribution: Enforcement Politics in Urban Latin America." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11648.

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Why do governments tolerate the violation of their own laws and regulations, and when do they enforce them? Conventional wisdom is that state weakness erodes enforcement, particularly in the developing world. In contrast, I highlight the understudied political costs of enforcement. Governments choose not to enforce state laws and regulations that the poor tend to violate, a behavior that I call forbearance, when it is in their electoral interest.
Government

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Porto, Francisco Evangelista. "O MAPA DA CIDADE: O PAPEL DAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E SUA RELAÇÕES COM O CRESCIMENTO URBANO DA CIDADE DE CAMPINA GRANDE PB." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2007. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/1656.

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The development of a city has a direct connection to its origin, localization and economic vocation, but the acceleration or the delay of its development depends the state-owned politics applieds in the city. The city of Campina Grande origin comes from a village localized in a junction of four importants highways in Paraíba state, so its economic vocation since its foudantion was commerce. The research tries to identify the state-owned politics applieds in the city of Campina Grande and measure the contribution of these politics to the urban expansion. The more significative state-owned politics applied in the development of the city in all its history was mapped, while was being a temporal cartography of the urban evolution. There are identified five periods relationed to the urban expansion where the state-owned politics has accelereted or delayed the increase of the city. The first one is relationed to a federal railway transportation state-owned politic. The second period is about a municipal politic of urbanization. Third involves a municipal politic of industrial development. The fourth treats the state-owned politics applieds during the military government, and the last period relates the redemocratization period of the country. The cartographic reconstitution of the city illustrates the state-owned politics relation to the urban increase. This reconstitution made by historic documentation resulted in a city chart of the final of each period. The conclusion points that the state-owned politics contributed more to delay than to accelerate the increase of Campina Grande city.
O crescimento de uma cidade está diretamente ligado a sua origem, localização e vocação econômica, mas seu crescimento pode ser acelerado ou retardado dependendo das políticas públicas nela desenvolvidas. A Cidade de Campina Grande teve sua origem em uma aldeia localizada em um entroncamento de quatro importantes rodovias do estado da Paraíba, assim sua vocação econômica desde a fundação foi o comércio. A pesquisa em foco teve por objetivo identificar as políticas públicas implementadas na Cidade de Campina Grande e mensurar sua contribuição para expansão urbana. Para tanto, foi feito um mapeamento das políticas públicas mais significativas voltadas para o desenvolvimento da cidade ao longo de sua história, e, ao mesmo tempo, foi feita uma cartografia temporal da evolução urbana. Assim foi possível mapear cinco períodos onde houve ações de políticas públicas que aceleraram ou que retardaram o crescimento da cidade e que estão relacionadas com a expansão urbana. O primeiro período está relacionado com uma política pública federal de transporte ferroviário, o segundo trata de uma política municipal de urbanização, terceiro envolve uma política municipal de desenvolvimento industrial, o quarto refere-se a políticas federais durante o governo militar e, o ultimo está relacionado com o período de redemocratização do país. A reconstituição cartografia da cidade ilustra as relações dessas políticas com o crescimento urbano. Essa reconstituição foi feita a partir de documentação histórica, resultando em uma carta da cidade referente ao final de cada período. Este trabalho aponta para uma conclusão de que as políticas públicas implementadas contribuíram mais para retardar do que acelerar o crescimento da Cidade de Campina Grande.

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Machini, Mariana Luíza Fiocco. "Nas fissuras do concreto: política e movimento nas hortas comunitárias da cidade de São Paulo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8134/tde-12092018-135858/.

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Esta dissertação analisa algumas das hortas urbanas comunitárias da cidade de São Paulo. Trata-se de uma etnografia que explora as conexões, motivações e formas de ação desses agrupamentos autogeridos de voluntários que criam e mantêm espaços de plantio em áreas públicas. São tratadas de maneira mais detida três delas: a Horta das Corujas, no bairro da Vila Beatriz, a Horta do Centro Cultural São Paulo, no bairro Vergueiro e a Horta dos Ciclistas, na Avenida Paulista. A intenção dessa análise, no entanto, não é se ater a territórios fixos, e sim apreender os movimentos propiciados pela prática das hortas comunitárias na cidade. Dessa maneira, são aqui traçadas algumas das relações entre essas hortas e outras formas de agricultura urbana em São Paulo, os entrelaçamento e perspectivas de co-construções que emergem entre humanos e não humanos, além de suas relações com instâncias políticas formais. A interação entre as ações no espaço público, as técnicas e os ensinamentos de agroecologia propagados pelas hortas e a rede de trocas que opera entre elas expõe maneiras de se vincular à cidade que são permeadas por uma noção de política do cotidiano, a qual não se encontra apenas nas relações com o e do Estado.
This dissertation analyses some of the community urban gardens of São Paulo, SP. We have carried out an ethnography exploring the connections, motives and ways of action of those selfmanaged groups of volunteers, who create and keep cultivating spaces amidst public areas. We focus of three urban gardens: Horta das Corujas [Owls Garden], at Vila Beatriz neighborhood, the São Paulo Cultural Center Garden, at Vergueiro neighborhood; and Horta dos Ciclistas [Cyclers Garden], at Paulista Avenue. This analysis is not restrained, however, to fixed territories, but rather apprehends the movements engendered by community garden practices in the city. Thus, we trace some relations between those gardens and other forms of urban agriculture in São Paulo, their intertwining and the co-construction perspectives that emerges among humans and non-humans, as well as their relations with formal public agents. The interaction among actions performed in public spaces, the agroecology techniques and teachings, and their exchange network are embedded with a concept of everyday politics, practiced not only by or in face of the State.

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Mestre, Ana Paula 1980. "Os usos do territorio e as politicas urbanas : o Jardim Campo Belo no Processo de fragmentação da cidade de Campinas." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287413.

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Orientador: Adriana Maria Bernardes da Silva
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: No início dos anos 1990, os planos diretores tornam-se instrumentos de política urbana obrigatórios para as grandes cidades brasileiras. Questionamos nessa pesquisa o que há de novo na concepção destes planos para Campinas-SP. Debatemos o papel do Estado nos processos de fragmentação e periferização da cidade, a partir do nosso objeto de análise que é o Jardim Campo Belo; fruto da expansão dos loteamentos periféricos aprovados durante o pós-guerra. Os esforços coletivos que mobilizaram a expansão da mancha urbana para o sentido sul de Campinas estiveram intimamente ligados aos interesses especulativos e corporativos. Os planos de ordenamento sustentaram a gênese dessa cidade espraiada e mobilizaram constantes modernizações em seu território. O Jardim Campo Belo participa da fase mais recente de periferização da cidade, na qual emergem as ocupações de terras organizadas. Hoje, essa porção opaca é disputada pelos mais pobres, que lutam pela permanência e regularização de suas moradias e também pelas grandes empresas que anseiam acumular ganhos com expansão do Aeroporto Internacional de Viracopos.
Abstract: In the early 1990s, the master plans become urban politic instruments required for the major Brazilian cities. We in this search what's new in the design of these plans to Campinas-SP. We discussed the role of the State in the process of fragmentation and peripherical of the city, from our analysis object that is the Jardim Campo Belo; the result of expansion of lots peripherals approved during the post-war period. Collective efforts that mobilized urban area expansion for the south of Campinas had been closely on to the speculative and corporative interests. The management plans had supported genesis of this urban sprawl and had mobilized constants modernizations in its territory. The Jardim Campo Belo participates of the phase most recent of peripherical of the city, of which the organized land occupations emerge. Today, this cloudy portion is disputed by poorest, who are fighting for the permanence and regularization of its housings and for the large companies that desires to accumulate profits with expansion of the International Airport of Viracopos.
Mestrado
Análise Ambiental e Dinâmica Territorial
Mestre em Geografia

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Wang, Lili. "Becoming Urban in the Chinese Way: The Politics of Planning and Urban Change in Nanjing, China." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1480505387185065.

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Davenport, Kelly (Kelly Ann) 1971. "The Tobin Bridge : its history and politics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65466.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1999.
Includes bibliographical references (p. [42]-[43]).
The Tobin Bridge was a significant transportation improvement which gave automobile travelers from Chelsea and the North Shore unprecedented high-speed access to Boston. Through the first 50 years of the 20th century, Chelsea wanted a high-speed bridge but could not afford to build one, and also could not convince the state of Massachusetts or the city of Boston to finance a new bridge. In 1946, the state legislature created the Mystic River Bridge Authority, a public authority which built a high-level bridge by issuing bonds whose repayment was based upon expected toll revenues. The construction process was briefly delayed by protests from community members and their elected representatives, who objected to the residential displacements the bridge caused. The Mystic River Bridge opened in February, 1950, and was renamed the Maurice J. Tobin Bridge in 1967.
by Kelly Davenport.
M.C.P.

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Sahin, Savas Zafer. "Politics Of Urban Planning In Ankara Between 1985 And 2005." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608337/index.pdf.

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This thesis analyzes the inherent informal political relations embedded in urban planning process in the city of Ankara between 1985 and 2005. It has been argued that, urban planning process is -by nature- a political process and micro level political interactions in urban political sphere can be observed by looking at it. The urban planning process, as a political process interacts with existing political mobilization mechanisms and their spatial reflections. Such an interaction may cause emergence of informal political networks interested in derivation of urban land rent. The emergence, sustenance and persistence of these networks are related with the opportunities and legitimization potential of urban planning process. For the verification of hypothesis of the research the city of Ankara was taken as the subject of case study. A methodology consisting of a two phase research is devised to analyze the nature and the dynamics of these networks In the first phase a conventional statistical analysis the research universe consisting of all the all urban development plans and modifications realized in Ankara between 1985 and 2005 was realized. Then, in the second phase based on the patterns explored in the research universe, a specific example of urban planning process was chosen, which represents the patterns of the research universe. This example, Ç
ayyolu 907 Parcel, then subjected to social network analysis. The results of the research has shown that, when the structure of the local political structure changes altogether as a result of for example local elections, the structure of existing informal political networks and the way they exploit urban land rent changes. In these periods the number of urban development plans and urban development plan modifications increase, while the size of the area covered by these plans tends to decrease and mostly confined to prospective areas in central business district and residential areas. Yet, by the time passes, new and diverse political relations are established congruent with the existing political mobilization mechanisms. This time, although the number of plans decreases, the size of the area covered by plans increase and mostly, vacant land in the fringe of the urban macro form become the target of these networks. Although these networks involve a hierarchy in it, extensive brokerage and patron client relations sustain them.

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Wroblewski, Michael. "Voices of Contact: Politics of Language In Urban Amazonian Ecuador." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195199.

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This dissertation is a study of diverse linguistic resources and contentious identity politics among indigenous Amazonian Kichwas in the city of Tena, Ecuador. Tena is a rapidly developing Amazonian provincial capital city with a long history of interethnic and interlinguistic contact. In recent decades, the course of indigenous Kichwa identity formation has been dramatically altered by increasing urban relocation, a burgeoning international eco-tourism industry, a generational language shift toward Spanish monolingualism, and the introduction of bilingual and intercultural education into native communities.The current era of nationalistic Ecuadorian "interculturality" and cultural tourism have heightened the public visibility of threatened indigenous practices. Paralleling these national social currents has been a growing indigenous activist movement in Ecuador that has very recently introduced a controversial new Kichwa language-planning project in Napo province. The national standard, Unified Kichwa, is currently being taught to a young population of indigenous students in the Tena region in an effort to create cultural and political solidarity among geographically separate communities. The move has been met with considerable backlash from Tena Kichwas who believe local Amazonian language identity and "natural" socialization practices are under threat of displacement.As part of this fracturing of ideologies surrounding language production and socialization, Tena Kichwas are creating innovative strategies for objectifying marked linguistic forms in order to use them for specific political purposes. The city of Tena has been reconceptualized as an indigenous space for publicly exhibiting opposing identity construction strategies, particularly through the use of new semiotic media, including folkloric performance and mass-communications technology. Language choice, variation and change are becoming very apparently politicized in this unique socio-cultural milieu, where new and old varieties are being symbolically elevated and denigrated through high-profile semiotic work. Language has become a critical site for the intellectualization of cultural change and a key vehicle for asserting rights to self-representation and self-determination.This dissertation combines theoretical and methodological approaches in linguistic anthropology, ethnographic sociolinguistics and discourse analysis to examine language variation, change and ideologization in progress. It attempts to illuminate aspects of the process by which language forms emerge and transform as products of social experience.

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DEL, MONTE BEATRICE. "VEGETAL POLITICS: A POSTANTHROPOCENTRIC ACCOUNT ON URBAN GARDENING IN ROME." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/719284.

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This thesis is focused on citizens’ based environmental initiatives, particularly concentrating on self-managed urban gardening. My exploration was largely dedicated to the study of vegetal politics. With this term I refer to the open-ended materialdiscursive assemblage of politics and policies carried out by public institutions and groups of citizens in urban green spaces (vegetal politics on the vegetal) and interactions of human and nonhuman actors that co-construct urban green spaces, particularly focusing on the role of vegetal agency (vegetal politics of the vegetal). The research is situated in the field of environmental sociology. The whole research and writing process has been enrooted in postanthropocentric newmaterialist feminisms, which I combined with political ecology. The research was made performing ethnography, which at best could investigate situated material practices of the everyday life. I combined a more classical ethnographic approach (observant participation and semi-structured interviews) with multispecies ethnography (an emergent nonanthropocentric methodology). I selected the city of Rome as my ethnographic terrain. The city is experiencing since at least a decade a structural withdrawal of public institutions in charge of the management of urban spaces and green areas and a large spread of environmental citizens’ based micropolitical practices. The fieldwork was carried out from September 2017 to September 2018 in the Roman territory. The investigation showed the analytical and material power of vegetal politics. That is, a postanthropocentric political analysis and practice that allows to creep in the folds of reality, giving emphasis throughout the whole research and analysis process on actors who risked otherwise being invisiblised by the use of a fully humanist and anthropocentric length. The study revealed that politics and policies pursued by public institutions and by gardeners on green spaces (vegetal politics on the vegetal), in some cases reiterate or consolidate at a material level spatial injustices, particularly when a normative and controlling attitude prevails unopposed. Instead, from the daily interaction with the nonhuman world a political material relationality emerges which leads some activists to recognize subjectivity to nonhuman actors with whom they enter in a closer relationship of care and alliance. The analysis of interactions between humans, plants and nonhuman actors make emerge the power and capacity for action and transformation of the latters, which arise exceeding the boundaries of human intentionality (vegetal politics of the vegetal). It is precisely when human agency is lacking or incapable of domestication that the power of action of the nonhuman is more clearly shown, indicating that agency is shared and continually negotiated.

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Bezmez, Dikmen. "The politics of urban regeneration the case of the Golden Horn, Istanbul /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2008.

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Vitiello, Soraia Cristina Barroso. "As intervenções das políticas urbanas na morfologia das construções e sua relação com a sustentabilidade da cidade: estudo de caso no bairro da Mooca." Universidade Nove de Julho, 2018. http://bibliotecatede.uninove.br/handle/tede/1971.

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This dissertation focuses on the political aspects of the Paulistan Urban Legislation and its relationship with the City's Sustainability, having as a case study the Mooca neighborhood. Divided into four chapters, part of the historical analysis of urban development, showing an overview of the phases of the Industrial Revolution to the Architectural and Urbanistic Styles associated with the discussions on Urban Sustainability and its applications in Urban Policies, especially in the city of São Paulo, in order to establish a diagnosis about relations the Morphology of Buildings, Urban Policies and Sustainable Development.
A presente dissertação tem por abordagem os aspectos políticos das Legislações Urbanas Paulistanas e suas relações com a Sustentabilidade da Cidade, tendo por estudo de caso o bairro da Mooca. Dividida em quatro capítulos, parte da análise histórica de desenvolvimento urbano, demonstrando um panorama geral das fases da Revolução Industrial aos Estilos Arquitetônicos e Urbanísticos associado às discussões sobre Sustentabilidade Urbana e suas aplicações nas Politicas Urbanas, sobretudo da cidade de São Paulo, de modo a estabelecer um diagnóstico sobre as relações de Morfologia das Construções, Políticas Urbanas e Desenvolvimento Sustentável.

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Bravo, Ismael. "Gestão educacional em areas em transição : uma contribuição a metropolização." [s.n.], 2004. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/253549.

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Orientador: Sonia Giubilei
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação
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Resumo: Este trabalho visa a desvelar, dentro dos diferentes níveis de ensino das unidades escolares localizadas em áreas de transição na região de Campinas (SP), o modo como os aspectos que integram os domínios socioeconômicos poderão beneficiar a formulação e a execução de políticas públicas para uma gestão educacional integrada em região metropolitana. A produção e a sistematização do conhecimento de áreas de transição são relevantes para a definição e implementação de políticas educacionais, com significativa importância social, ao serem adotadas por instituições e/ou organizações responsáveis por sua execução. Este estudo permitiu constatar que a consideração exclusiva dos aspectos socioeconômicos dos meios urbanos e rurais é insuficiente para caracterizar as experiências sociais, culturais e econômicas dos alunos de unidades escolares em áreas de transição, na medida em que elementos de periferia ou mesmo de conurbação são relevantes no caso. A fim de investigar os problemas levantados por este trabalho e responder a eles, bem como aos objetivos nele propostos, tornase necessário o auxílio de outra ciência para a explicação de fatos que informarão a problemática própria de uma área geográfica. O enfoque será posto num trabalho contextualizado com base em determinado referencial teórico, consubstanciado na bibliografia fundamental mediante abordagens descritivo-analíticas do objeto investigado. Assim, disponibilizam-se às políticas públicas da região fundamentos de novos elementos para a elaboração de uma gestão integrada com a finalidade de atender às premências educacionais
Abstract: This work seek to the unveil, within the different levels of instruction of scholastic unto localized in transition areas of the region Campinas (SP), the way how the aspects that integrate the socioeconomic dominions will be able to benefit the formularization and the application of public politics for a educational management integrated in the region metropolitan. The production and the systematization of the knowledge of transition areas are considerable for the definition and implementation of educational politics, with significant social importance, when being adopted by institutions and/or responsible organizations for its execution. This study allowed to evidence that the consideration exclusive socioeconomic aspects of the urban and rural is insufficient to characterize the social, cultural and economic experiences of the students in these scholastic units in transition areas, in the elements of the periphery or even the conurbation is it notable of the case. In order to investigate the problems raised from this research and answer them, as well as the objectives in proposed, the aid of another science for the explanation of facts becomes necessary that will inform the problematic in a geographic area. The emphasis will be placed in a work contextually on the basis of determined theoretical reference, to consubstantiate in the basic bibliography by means of description-analytical approach the investigated object. Thus, they are availableness to public politics of the region fundamentals new elements for the elaboration of an integrated management with the finality of attend the educational urgency
Doutorado
Educação
Doutor em Educação

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SAMPAOLO, STEFANO. "Politiche di tipo integrato nei quartieri "degradati": l'occasione del programma Urban." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/278416.

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OLIVEIRA, Laís Catarine. "Espaço urbano e turismo religioso: avaliação da política de reordenamento do centro da cidade de Juazeiro do Norte – CE." http://www.teses.ufc.br, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/2572.

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OLIVEIRA, L. C. Espaço urbano e turismo religioso: avaliação da política de reordenamento do centro da cidade de Juazeiro do Norte – CE. 2008. 158 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Avaliação de Políticas Públicas) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Pro - Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Avaliação de Políticas Públicas, Fortaleza-CE, 2008.
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The conflicts of existent interests between Church and public power served again as propellers of the mechanism of evaluation of the politics urban reagruping for Juazeiro do Norte - CE, when the vision of the tourism was captured impelled by the faith and valuing the social, protected for the Church as repudiation to the planning of the tourism with bases economics, idealized by the City hall. The work here exposed he/she treats of the relationship among the public actions proposed in comparison with the visitors' reality interacting with the space urban place during the Pilgrimage of the Candeias, field of observation of the research. For such, it was accomplished a bibliographical and documental research initially with relationship to the state and municipal public politics with focus in the structuring of the downtown of Juazeiro do Norte, detaching the place-key (objective of the pilgrimages). soon after, it was looked for to know the involved social agents' reality, through the collection of documents and qualitative and quantitative data to have an idea of the adaptation of those researched politics. It is had as objective of the research to observe the public politics of tourism elaborated for Juazeiro do Norte they match with the reality of the space urban used for pilgrims and tourists, establishing a contrast among what was lived with what it is projected by the public power for the city, making possible like this an approach of the problem Pilgrimage /cities, qualifying the challenges composed in the public politics analyzed in this work (PAT/PDDU), allowing to evaluate the positioning of the Church and of the City hall in the urban reagruping and in the development of the religious tourism in Juazeiro do Norte. As result, identified the important function of the Church in the copartnership of the public administration in Juazeiro do Norte, being the urban organization of Juazeiro do Norte of responsibility and interest of both institutions (politics and religious person), for right for adverse motivations, but with the same objective: to provide development sociospace that benefits local population and visitors.
Os conflitos de interesses existentes entre Igreja e poder público serviram como impulsionadores do mecanismo de avaliação das políticas de reordenamento urbano para Juazeiro do Norte -CE, quando se captou a visão do turismo impulsionado pela fé e valorizando o social, defendido pela Igreja como repúdio ao planejamento do turismo com bases economicistas, idealizado pela Prefeitura. O trabalho aqui exposto trata da relação entre as ações públicas propostas em comparação com a realidade dos visitantes interagindo com o espaço urbano local durante a Romaria das Candeias, campo de observação da pesquisa. Para tal, foi realizada inicialmente uma pesquisa bibliográfica e documental quanto às políticas públicas estaduais e municipais com foco na estruturação do centro da cidade de Juazeiro do Norte, destacando os lugares-chave (alvo das romarias). Em seguida, buscou-se conhecer a realidade dos agentes sociais envolvidos, através da coleta de documentos e dados qualitativos e quantitativos para se ter uma idéia da adequação dessas políticas pesquisadas. Tem-se como objetivo da pesquisa observar se as políticas públicas de turismo elaboradas para Juazeiro do Norte condizem com a realidade do espaço urbano usufruído por romeiros e turistas, estabelecendo um contraste entre o que foi vivenciado com o que é projetado pelo poder público para a cidade, possibilitando assim uma aproximação da problemática romaria/cidade, qualificando os desafios compostos nas políticas públicas analisadas neste trabalho (PAT/PDDU), permitindo avaliar o posicionamento da Igreja e da Prefeitura no reordenamento urbano e no desenvolvimento do turismo religioso em Juazeiro do Norte. Como resultado, identificou-se a importante função da Igreja na coparticipação da gestão pública em Juazeiro do Norte, sendo a organização urbana de Juazeiro do Norte de responsabilidade e interesse de ambas as instituições (política e religiosa), por certo por motivações adversas, mas com o mesmo objetivo: proporcionar desenvolvimento socioespacial que beneficie população local e visitantes

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Stokes, Leah C. "Power politics : renewable energy policy change in US states." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99079.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Public Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 405-425).
Addressing climate change requires societies to transition towards renewable energy resources. In the United States, most states have passed renewables portfolio standards (RPS), creating goals for electricity's share of renewables, and instituted net energy metering (NEM) policies, compensating individuals and organizations for supplying distributed energy to the grid. Why have some states, like California, successfully expanded their policies, while others, like Texas, have failed to enact higher RPS targets or a NEM policy? Why have some states, like Ohio and Arizona, weakened their policies, while others, like Kansas and Colorado, have staved off retrenchment attempts? Typical explanations for policy change include shifts in partisan control, shifts in public opinion, and bureaucratic learning. However, I argue that shifts in the balance of power between supportive and opponent interest groups best accounts for variation across states in repeal efforts' success. Through policy feedback, policy design structures interest groups' relative power. Retrenchment attempts are more likely to succeed when renewable energy opponents are greater in number, profitability or political influence. By contrast, policy expansion is more likely to occur when renewable energy advocates become disproportionately empowered compared to their opponents. Drawing on comparative case studies, this dissertation uses process-tracing to construct policy histories, examining how policymaking and implementation shaped later rounds of policy revision. The study compares six cases of renewable energy policy change in US states, developed through over 100 semi-structured interviews with politicians, political staff, utilities, bureaucrats, and interest groups. Primary and secondary archival documents on were also gathered and analyzed. Advocates and opponents use several strategies to try to change policy. Politicians often come to support or oppose policies as a function of their ties to interest groups. Still, public support for policy matters; accordingly, interest groups construct and present public opinion strategically to try to shape politicians' actions. Finally, how the policy is designed, including its timing and visibility, may condition its capacity to expand or contract over time. In this way, my argument draws from and contributes to policy feedback theory.
by Leah C. Stokes.
Ph. D. in Public Policy

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Drubner, David Victor. "Intimidation lawsuits and the politics of real estate development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65669.

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Lasso, Ana Maria 1976. "Planning a community cultural festival : the power of politics." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68375.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2001.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-119).
This investigation is catalyzed by my interest in the impact that cultural planning has had on the physical and social formation of cities. Beginning with the hypothesis that urban festivals have lasting impacts on cities, I intend to investigate how cultural planning shapes the social and physical form of a city through the mechanism of festivals. Since these festivals are ephemeral, one might assume that such events would have fleeting impressions on the communities they engage and the spaces they occupy. On the contrary, I will argue that the impacts of festivals are tangible and long lasting. They have significant economic effects, stimulating local and, at times, citywide development. In some cases, festivals spur urban design projects that have permanent consequences for the neighborhoods and cities where the event takes place. In addition to the economic revitalization that festivals produce, they are vehicles by which community organizations come to participate actively in political decision-making and ultimately help give voice and expression to cultural groups. I will investigate how two entities-city governments and community organizations-plan and produce special events, and I will analyze how their collaborative efforts influence the social and physical impacts that festivals have on cities. Comparing and contrasting the two municipal governments, Los Angeles and Chicago, I argue that cultural programming policies are not the only factors that influence how festivals impact space and communities; a combination of other policies and variables such as the social construction of identity and the shaping of urban space influence the impacts that these urban cultural festivals have on the city. I will use the ideas of the social construction of identity and power of place to understand better the planning and impacts of festivals.
by Ana Maria Lasso.
M.C.P.

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Chew, Weng-Huat. "Identity in city form : the politics of building height." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11859.

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Freemark, Yonah(Yonah Slifkin). "Mobility politics : local ideologies in the multi-jurisdictional metropolis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129039.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Urban and Regional Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, September, 2020
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 427-444).
What is the interplay between local politics and metropolitan infrastructure planning in the context of the multi-jurisdictional governance of contemporary urban regions? I interrogate, first, how cities make policy when many governmental organizations are involved in city planning. And I ask, second, how politics--in the form of partisan affiliations and personal ideologies--influences political officials' decisions and ultimately the designs of new transportation projects and adjacent development. I develop a new theory for how regional planning works. I first show that, even when deprived de jure jurisdiction over transportation projects and land-use planning, local governments harness their perceived democratic legitimacy to exert de facto power over planning. Second, I demonstrate that they expand this power through alliances with other localities, structured on the concept of mutual deference.
Third, I offer new evidence that local action on land-use and transportation planning is differentiated by partisanship, beyond typical explanations of municipal choices being based on demographics or economics. Fourth, I develop a typology of land-use ideologies held by local officials and structured both by differences in views on the left/right spectrum and preferences for the scale of new spatial development, that I use to further explain heterogeneous local action. Finally, I show how actors representing multiple jurisdictions and with contrasting ideological viewpoints coalesce around a single regional transit project by adjusting for these ideologies in the planning process. I examine six transit infrastructure projects in France and the United States. For each, I conduct interviews and archival research.
My comparative research approach--which operates across country and project levels--allows the deciphering of common and distinctive traits within each, allowing me to detect how officials promote goals independently and through alliances, and to identify the influence of partisanship and officials' ideologies on outcomes.
by Yonah S. Freemark.
Ph. D. in Urban and Regional Studies
Ph.D.inUrbanandRegionalStudies Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Urban politicies'

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