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Ruiz, Vasquez J. C. "Colombian police policy : police and urban policing, 1991-2006." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3fc1cf23-5246-4919-978a-6aee375b9a69.
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The purpose of this research is to analyze Colombian police policy with particular reference to the police and urban policing after the promulgation of the Constitution of 1991. This study examines how the Constitution of 1991 has impacted on the configuration, professionalization and institutionalization of the Colombian police. This dissertation concludes that the new Constitution of 1991 was crucial in transforming an insignificant organization into a noteworthy public institution with its own corporate aims and ethos and a certain autonomy regarding the government, parties, ministries and the military. This research is divided into three main parts. The first one will focus on the police as a structure emphasizing the process of formation, development and institutionalization. It dissects the police structure into five aspects: historical configuration, structural organization, personnel, expenditure and controls. This part shows that the current importance of the police in the Colombian institutional landscape in terms of international aid, personnel and budget increase and public exposure has no precedents prior to 1991.The second part will be devoted to the study of the organizational life of the police force stressing the role played by high-ranking officers in improving the image of the police and, more importantly, in creating a vigorous institution difficult to control from outside, but at the same time, not easy to manage internally as a consequence of the distinction existing between high-ranking and low-ranking officers. The final part of this work examines urban and community policing in large urban areas taking the case of Bogotá. It focuses on the role played by the police in its implementation, successes and failures, concluding that the reluctance of the police to adopt these programmes of policing has limited their productive effects on the actual job and indeed the whole organization.
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Hamilton, Cassandra Lee. "Urban agriculture policy community Kelowna." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61778.
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This research is a qualitative descriptive case study about the urban agriculture policy community in Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada. I use Sabatier’s Advocacy Coalition Framework to structure the research and examine the policy actors within the policy community, their beliefs about urban agriculture in Kelowna, the relationships they share with other policy actors, the challenges they face, and their priorities in advancing the urban agriculture agenda to align with their vision of a healthy community. This research is informed by population health and food security theory, and the World Health Organization Healthy Cities movement.
This research was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 11 policy actors in the policy community, representing a variety of sectors in the food system. This study reveals that overall, the policy actors interviewed understood urban agriculture in much the same way. In their own language, they all pointed to the importance of urban agriculture with respect to its contribution to fostering a healthy community. The actors could articulate their roles as they relate to urban agriculture policy, but many actors recognized that their roles were evolving and with that, their understanding of their roles in the policy community. This contributed to their understanding of the roles of other policy actors in the community and if, why, and how to partner with them. Some challenges with partnerships are identified. The participants shared many priorities.
The results suggest that the policy community is not well networked and that most actors do not collaborate with each other, and in most cases, are not aware of one another. However, collaborations between a few of the policy actors has suggested the modest formation of a policy coalition. The policy actors have a clear desire to work together and to better understand the policy community. Additionally, the policy actors agree that urban agriculture is beneficial for Kelowna and that more opportunities for urban agriculture must be pursued and promoted to foster a healthier community. This research provides a snapshot of Kelowna’s urban agriculture policy community and provides insight into potential priorities and possible next steps for the policy actors within it.Graduate Studies, College of (Okanagan)
Graduate
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Ho, Philip C. "Urban transportation systems policy analysis." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/94453.
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The goal of this study is to promote understanding of the complexities of urban systems. The main objective of this research project is to establish a systematic framework in order that planners can analyze and understand the implications that public policies have on urban development and transportation planning perspectives.
We examine a system dynamics model of a hypothetical region which evolves with time. The urban development process is represented by the integration of land use, property market, job market, population, and transportation infrastructure. The interactions within each subsystem and between them are studied through scenario analysis using simulation (Dynamo Ill) and analytical techniques.
The range of policy covers social and economic measures, traffic strategies, transit management, and highway expansion programs. Certain combinations of these options are also studied. Population distribution and travel time are the two key performance indicators.
In so far as people's adaptation to inflating travel cost is not accounted for in the utility model, the travel time improvements associated with the pricing policy is likely to be overestimated. In as much as regional transportation planning can benefit through local traffic measures, reduction in collection-distribution time improves accessibility and reduces additional travel, partly offsetting the travel time savings otherwise gained.
The most desirable state of development - social, urban, and transportation - according to the final analysis points towards the expansion of highway capacity, the control of land use, the expansion of bus fleet, and the restructuring of transit fare. While the resulting improvement in travel time is at least as promising as a number of other alternatives, the suggested set of policy changes is relatively easy to implement, reasonably inexpensive, and least controversial.M.S.
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Castro, Luiz Guilherme Rivera de. "Operações urbanas em São Paulo: interesse público ou construção especulativa do lugar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16131/tde-20092007-104947/.
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O instrumento das operações urbanas foi definido pela lei federal brasileira do Estatuto da Cidade como instrumento de política urbana que permite à administração pública municipal, através de parcerias com o setor privado, realizar transformações estruturais em setores territoriais definidos, com recursos provenientes do setor privado. Em São Paulo, as operações urbanas foram propostas como instrumento de planejamento urbano em projeto de plano diretor elaborado em 1985, iniciando-se a partir daí uma trajetória que incluiu diferentes interpretações e formas de aplicação. O trabalho aqui apresentado reconstitui essa trajetória desde as primeiras concepções do instrumento até o ano de 2000, ou seja, o período que compreende suas primeiras formulações e que antecede a promulgação do Estatuto da Cidade. Foram comparadas e analisadas as cinco operações urbanas formuladas nesse período, colocando-as em relação a três processos articulados: urbanização, imobiliário e institucional. Com fundamento nas análises realizadas, argumenta-se que as operações urbanas tal como foram desenvolvidas em São Paulo nesse período, subordinaram-se à lógica do empreendedorismo imobiliário, contribuindo para processos de construção especulativa do lugar. Para que as operações urbanas desempenhem papel ativo como instrumento de políticas públicas voltado para uma cidade mais justa e menos desigual será preciso alterar as próprias bases constitutivas e os processos operativos das parcerias público-privado, em sua concepção e em sua origem.The urban operations legal instrument was defined by the Brazilian federal urban development law (Statute of the City ? Estatuto da Cidade) as an instrument of urban policy that allows the local public administration, through partnerships with the private sector to accomplish structural changes on specific urban areas. The urban operations were proposed in São Paulo as an instrument of urban planning in a master plan project of 1985, starting then a course that includes different interpretations and ways of application. This work reconstitutes this trajectory from the first formulations of the instrument till the year 2000, the period that comprises its early designs and that was before the Statute of the City promulgation. Five urban operations proposed in this period were analyzed and compared in connection with three articulated processes: urbanization, property and institutional. Based on the accomplished analyses, it is argued that the urban operations as they were developed in São Paulo during this period followed the rules of the real state entrepreneurship logic and in doing so contributed to the speculative construction of place process. In order that the urban operations have an active role as a public policy instrument to a more just city it will be necessary to change its own constitutive basis and the operative processes of public-private partnership in its conception and origin.
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Szeto, Siu-wai Jerry. "An examination of the social policy content considered in the urban regeneration policy for Hong Kong : lessons for urban planning /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1996. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18154906.
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Cheung, Wa-on Derek. "A study of the Urban Council in the provison of urban services in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31975744.
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Cheung, Wa-on Derek, and 張華安. "A study of the Urban Council in the provison of urban services in HongKong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31975744.
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Wahab, Ibrahim Bin. "Urban public transport policy for West Malaysia." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318961.
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D'Acosta, Lopez F. "Urban policy and national development in Mexico." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370861.
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Gao, Mingzheng 1965. "Population policy and urban housing in China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66389.
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Thesis (M.Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 52).
This thesis will focus on how urban housing design reflects the new one-child family population policy in the traditional urban context in Beijing, China. The population policy has changed the size and structure of traditional family, and further affected children's growing up environment. Children, used to grow up in a joint family of three generations in a traditional courtyard house, now have isolated by apartment box. The traditional social and spatial relationships among children, families, and neighbors have been extremely weakened. My intention is to restore the lost relationships for lonely children in a high density residential complex. This complex, transformed from the traditional single story courtyard house, becomes one big house, where all neighbors live under one roof as one big family. As a consequence, children in a one child family still have the same feeling of multi generations living together as their old generations had before.
by Mingzheng Gao.
M.Arch.
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Cheng, Yun, and 程澐. "Land policy and urban renewal: a study of urban redevelopment in Shanghai." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31238300.
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RODRIGUES, Juliano Martins. "Política e espaço urbano: controvérsias e definições da política urbana em Goiânia." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2008. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1628.
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Previous issue date: 2008-12-08In this dissertation we themed the urban policy in the country through the changes restored since the 1988 Constitution and the adoption of the Statute of the City in 2001, with main focus on the strengthening of the municipal level. We understand the urban policy as a social construction able to comprehend a set of social, economic, political and cultural dynamics in the city, therefore directly linked of socio-space organization of cities, such as Goiania. The adopted approach was especially based on theoretical and conceptual propositions of Henri Lefebvre, which think the social problems of the city at the center of the determinations of urban policy and the social production of space. For this conception we articulate the understanding derived of Pierre Bourdieu s concepts, who had taken the city as a symbolic sphere of production, which the coexistence of speeches, interests, conflicts and consensuses answer for the elaboration of instruments of planning and urban management. The study focused on empirical analysis, based at the confluence of urban reform with the development of the Managing Plan of Goiania, approved in 2007. Through this appreciation we could understand the logic and the mechanisms to convert the instruments of control of the occupation and use of land in a field of struggle, which the actors shape social interests, strategies and speeches that define them as political agents in the city.
Nessa dissertação tematizamos a política urbana no país através das modificações instauradas desde a Constituição de 1988 e a aprovação do Estatuto da Cidade em 2001, com foco principal na ampliação das esferas de decisão em nível municipal. Entendemos a política urbana como uma construção social capaz de formular um conjunto abrangente de dinâmicas sociais, econômicas, políticas e culturais no território da cidade, e, portanto, relacionada diretamente aos fenômenos condicionantes da organização sócio-espacial de cidades como Goiânia. A perspectiva adotada apoiou-se notadamente nas proposições teóricas e conceituais referidas em Henri Lefebvre, que localizam os problemas sociais da cidade no centro das determinações da política urbana e na produção social do espaço. A esta concepção articulamos a compreensão derivada das noções de Pierre Bourdieu, que toma o urbano como um campo de produção simbólica, no qual a coexistência de discursos, interesses, conflitos e consensos respondem pela elaboração dos instrumentos de planejamento e de gestão urbana. A análise concentrou-se em eixos empíricos assentados na confluência das bandeiras de reforma urbana com a elaboração do Plano Diretor de Goiânia, aprovado em 2007. Através desta apreciação pudemos compreender a lógica e os mecanismos que convertem os instrumentos de controle da ocupação e uso do solo em um campo de lutas, no qual os agentes sociais moldam interesses, estratégias e discursos que os definem como agentes políticos na cidade.
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Szeto, Siu-wai Jerry, and 司徒紹威. "An examination of the social policy content considered in the urban regeneration policy for Hong Kong: lessonsfor urban planning." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893715.
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Kwan, Suk-ling Chritiana. "An evaluation of the urban renewal policy in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42574444.
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Yeung, Choi-shan. "Environmental policies, urban planning strategies and urban development in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31374372.
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Silva, Daniel Ruiz Ferreira da. "Planos diretores para municípios potencialmente saudáveis = uma análise crítica da estratégia de construção de políticas públicas destinadas a municípios potencialmente saudáveis : o caso de Porto Ferreira." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257774.
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Orientador: Lauro Luiz Francisco FilhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: O Plano Diretor é o instrumento básico da política urbana municipal, conforme a Constituição Federal de 88 e desta forma, influencia diretamente no desenvolvimento das cidades brasileiras. Deve ser aprovado pela Câmara Municipal, se convertendo em Lei, e de acordo com o Estatuto da Cidade, Lei Federal nº 10.257/01, se tornou obrigatório para municípios com mais de 20.000 (vinte mil) habitantes ou integrantes de regiões metropolitanas ou, de interesse turístico ou, ainda, que receberiam grandes projetos e obras estratégicas. O Estatuto estabeleceu prazo de 5 (cinco) anos para que os municípios desenvolvessem seus Planos Diretores gerando, com isso, uma verdadeira corrida durante a gestão eleitoral de 2004 a 2008 para a elaboração deste instrumento jurídico, muitas vezes, apenas para cumprir uma exigência legal e para que não corressem o risco de perder recursos financeiros provenientes do Orçamento Geral da União (OGU). Considerando este processo e a sua importância, a Rede de Municípios Potencialmente Saudáveis (RMPS) iniciou uma série de discussões em eventos e seminários com a intenção de aperfeiçoar o processo metodológico de construção do Plano Diretor por parte dos municípios que a integram. Partiu da metodologia proposta pelo Ministério das Cidades, por meio de campanha nacional e lançamento do livro guia para elaboração pelos municípios e cidadãos e culminou na publicação de dois volumes sobre o tema da importância do Plano Diretor como ferramenta para construção de políticas públicas por um município potencialmente saudável. A dissertação ora proposta visa avaliar o processo de construção do Plano Diretor de Porto Ferreira, interior do Estado de São Paulo, que é um município integrante da RMPS e implantou a metodologia proposta pelo Ministério das Cidades, porém atendendo às premissas da Rede, quais sejam: promoção da saúde, empedramento comunitário e gestão democrática da cidade. Por meio de estudo de caso, todo o processo implantado pela cidade é apresentado, contextualizado e avaliado de maneira crítica, visando alcançar resultados que indiquem se a metodologia Proposta pelo Ministério das Cidades auxilia de fato a construção de um Plano Diretor para um município potencialmente saudável
Abstract: The Director Plan is a basic instrument in the municipal urban policy, according to Federal Constitutions of 88 and this way, it influences directly in the development o Brazilian cities. It should be approved by the City Council, becoming a law, and according to the City Bylaws, Federal law 10.257/01, becoming compulsory for municipalities with more than 20,000 (twenty thousand) inhabitants or dwellers of metropolitan regions or of touristic interest or, if they can still receive great projects and strategic work. The Bylaws established a period of 5 (five) years for the municipalities to develop Director Plans, thus creating a real race during the electoral management from 2004 to 2008 for the elaboration of this legal instrument, and many times only fulfilling the legal requirement in order not to run the risk to lose the financial resources which came from General Budget of the Union (GBU). Taking into consideration this process and its importance, the Potentially Healthy Municipalities Network (PHMN) started a series of discussion in events and seminars with the intention of improving the methodological process of the Director Plan by the municipalities that form it. It started with the methodological proposal by the Ministry of the cities, through a national campaign and launch of a guide book for the elaboration by the municipalities and citizenships and culminated in the publication of two volumes about the theme of the importance of the Director Plan as a tool to build public policies of potentially healthy municipality. This study proposes to evaluate the process of construction of the Director Plan of Porto Ferreira, a city in the countryside of São Paulo, that is a municipality part of he PHMN and set the methodology proposed by the Ministry of the Cities, yet according to the principles of the Net, that is, the advancement of health, community empowerment and democratic management of the city. All the process established in the city is shown by means of case of study, contextualized and evaluated in a critical manner, aiming at reaching results that show if the proposed methodology by the Ministry of Cities helps in fact to build a Director Plan for the municipality potentially healthy
Mestrado
Arquitetura e Construção
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Gao, Lu S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Housing policy in China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69463.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-64).
In the last three decades, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has managed to replace its welfare-based urban housing system with a market-based housing provision scheme. With such significant housing policy changes, the PRC has successfully expanded urban home ownership and impressively increased per capita housing consumption. The housing market has become one of the major pillar industries in the country's economic boom. However, affordable housing development has been greatly lagging behind the ever-increasing housing needs of a large lower-income population in the country, while housing price bubbles cast a shadow on sustainable economic development in the PRC. The main reasons for such challenges include the inefficiency of financial tools to regulate the housing market; and the discrete interests among the central government, local governments, and real estate developers. Within the context of the ongoing global economic recession after the financial crisis in 2008, it is even more critical to balance the PRC's housing development, both to address the people's housing needs, and to maintain sustainable growth.
by Lu Gao.
S.M.
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Bin-Eyyd, Khaled M. "Urban land policy and nature of the urban growth problem in Riyadh City." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2004. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/urban-land-policy-and-nature-of-the-urban-growth-problem-in-riyadh-city(4513c675-a290-4d40-bb83-b126ab673025).html.
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Riyadh City, the capital of Saudi Arabia, presents an interesting context of problems in its urbanisation process, which started pronouncedly during the 1970s. The main factor that prompted urbanisation was the discovery and production of crude oil accompanied with the strong political desire for urbanisation and modernisation. This has enabled the country to embark on profound national development in all aspects of life. The fast growth in population and urban land expansion led to several challenges to the urbanisation process and to urban land policy. These started to occur as a result of high land demand and the absence of measures able to control urban land expansion. Surprisingly, land urban expansion exceeded the increase in urban population which itself was uncontrolled. Similarly, the increase in urban land use also generated empty urban lands scattered randomly in Riyadh City. Thus, the main thrust of this thesis is to investigate the nature of the urbanisation process and the role of urban land policy with emphasis on the impact of urban land expansion in Riyadh City, despite the policies that aimed at controlling and directing urban growth. The main objective of the study has been to provide a broad perspective on the urbanisation process in Riyadh City and examine five proposed hypotheses associated with the urbanisation problem. Other objectives were to understand the concept that most likely reflects the real nature of the urbanisation process from social and governmental perspectives, and to illustrate the concepts that govern urban land expansion with particular emphasis on how the residents perceive urban land expansion in view of services and infrastructure of their City. Following these objectives, the study has adopted a combined approach involving firstly acquiring the necessary background for the literature, which helped to set up the study. A total of 781 (or 78.1%) respondents to questionnaire in four groups: Land authority, Estate agents, Landowners and Residents indicated general agreement between land authority and residents, which was likely to disagree with perceptions of landowners and Estate agents on the majority of the 33 statements of the questionnaire. Results of the statistical analysis indicated that the proposed hypotheses were most likely to be rejected because of disagreement on urban land policies and their mechanism for the development and control urbanisation process. Results also indicated that urbanisation growth in Riyadh City was not organised, and land development not regulated and implemented by the municipality under control measures. The existing urbanisation problems can be attributed to the constitution, system of granting land, land ownership, view of people towards land and urbanisation in general make it difficult to apply measures to control urban land expansion. Other problems such as ineffective management, coordination on planning between the municipality and other organisations, inconsistency between urban land policy and lack of coordination between authorities in distributing land have greatly contributed to the urbanisation problem in Riyadh City. Thus, unless there is co-operation between people and authorities on one hand, and involvement of people in their city development on the other, the problem of urban land growth is perhaps a bigger challenge to comprehend in the future.
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Zheng, Jie Jane. "Urban governance and "creative industry clusters" in Shanghai's urban development." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43085258.
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Kobayashi, Yuji Jinnouchi. "Evolution of urban land policy in postwar Japan." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28674.
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Japan achieved miraculous, rapid economic growth after World War II to become the second ranked major economic power in the world. However, general housing conditions and the standard of living in large cities have not improved as expected. Japanese housing has been referred to as "rabbit hutches" by the O.E.CO. Extremely steep inflation in the price of land, to an extent that is unprecedented in other developed nations, has largely contributed to this sorry state.
This paper analyzes land policies and land use controls enacted in postwar Japan, examines the trends in land price hikes after the war, and evaluates the social impact of recent inflation in the price of urban land.
Chapter I describes the purpose and rationale of this study. Chapter n analyzes the land policies and land use controls that have failed to control land prices and facilitate the effective use of land. There are four fundamental reasons for this failure! the absolute trust of policy makers in virtually unregulated market capitalism in urban land; a national land planning process designed to support accelerated economic development; the Liberal Democratic Party's policy of protecting landowners; and the so-called "Iand-standard economy."
Chapter EI examines the trend toward land price hikes after the war. There have been three phases. The first phase (beginning around 1960) began with price increases for industrial districts. The second phase (in the early 1970s) witnessed significant land price increases not only in large cities, but also in other parts of the country. The third phase (since the mid-1980s) featured a sudden and dramatic jump in land prices in central Tokyo and adjacent areas of the Greater Tokyo Metropolitan.
Chapter IV evaluates the social impact of recent land price hikes centered in and around Tokyo. Social overhead capital programs have been delayed largely due to land price hikes. The physical characteristics and social fabric of residential areas have both been changing drastically and suddenly in the Tokyo area. The hikes in land prices have even resulted in the closing of embassies of developing countries in Tokyo.
Chapter V summarizes and concludes this study.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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au, mike mouritz@dpi wa gov, and Mike Mouritz. "Sustainable urban water systems : policy and professional praxis." Murdoch University, 1996. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20051109.95558.
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The provision of water, wastewater and stormwater infrastructure is an essential ingredient of cities. However, questions are being raised about the type and form of urban infrastructure, for economic and environmental reasons. Traditionally these techologies have offered linear solutions, drawing increasing volumes of water into cities and discharging waste at ever increasing levels, causing escalating stress on the
environment. In addition the costs of water infrastructure provision and replacement, both in the developing and developed world, is becoming prohibitive. In response, a new paradigm has been called for and new solutions are emerging that have been labelled as Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM). This concept can be considered to consist of both technical and philosophical dimensions, and represents a new form of professional praxis. However, the adoption of these techniques and concepts is constrained by the inertia of the existing urban water systems. It is therefore argued that the introduction of any change must occur across a number of dimensions of the technoeconomic system of the city. These dimensions-artefacts and technical systems (i.e. the technology and knowledge systems), professional praxis and socio-political context (i.e. institutions, culture and politics) and biophysical realities and world views (i.e. the environment and underlying values) - provide a framework for analysis of the change process - both how it is occurring and how it needs to occur. This framework is used to illustrate the link between environment values and the process of technological innovation, and points to the need for the emerging values and innovations to be institutionalised into the professional praxis and socio-political context of society. Specifically, it is argued that a new form of transdisciplinary professional praxis is emerging and needs to be cultivated. A broad review of the literature, an evaluation of selected emerging technologies and three case studies are used to illustrate and argue this position. These examples show the potential economic, social and environmental benefits of IUWM and provide some insight into the potential which this approach has to influence the form and structure of the city and at the same time highlighting the institutional arrangements required to manage urban water systems.
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Mouritz, Mike. "Sustainable urban water systems : policy and professional praxis /." Mouritz, Mike (1996) Sustainable urban water systems: policy and professional praxis. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1996. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/211/.
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The provision of water, wastewater and stormwater infrastructure is an essential ingredient of cities. However, questions are being raised about the type and form of urban infrastructure, for economic and environmental reasons. Traditionally these techologies have offered linear solutions, drawing increasing volumes of water into cities and discharging waste at ever increasing levels, causing escalating stress on the environment. In addition the costs of water infrastructure provision and replacement, both in the developing and developed world, is becoming prohibitive. In response, a new paradigm has been called for and new solutions are emerging that have been labelled as Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM). This concept can be considered to consist of both technical and philosophical dimensions, and represents a new form of professional praxis. However, the adoption of these techniques and concepts is constrained by the inertia of the existing urban water systems. It is therefore argued that the introduction of any change must occur across a number of dimensions of the technoeconomic system of the city. These dimensions-artefacts and technical systems (i.e. the technology and knowledge systems), professional praxis and socio-political context (i.e. institutions, culture and politics) and biophysical realities and world views (i.e. the environment and underlying values) - provide a framework for analysis of the change process - both how it is occurring and how it needs to occur. This framework is used to illustrate the link between environment values and the process of technological innovation, and points to the need for the emerging values and innovations to be institutionalised into the professional praxis and socio-political context of society. Specifically, it is argued that a new form of transdisciplinary professional praxis is emerging and needs to be cultivated. A broad review of the literature, an evaluation of selected emerging technologies and three case studies are used to illustrate and argue this position. These examples show the potential economic, social and environmental benefits of IUWM and provide some insight into the potential which this approach has to influence the form and structure of the city and at the same time highlighting the institutional arrangements required to manage urban water systems.
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Bakr, Ashraf H. "Urban policy impact evaluation : towards a systematic approach." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295831.
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The main objective of this research is to develop a systematic approach for comprehensive ex-post evaluation of urban policy. In broad terms, urban policies are central government initiatives applied in a spatially targeted manner within urban areas where specific needs have been identified. 'Comprehensive' is defined as the attempt to answer all the questions policy-makers and stakeholders are likely to raise at the various stages of the planning and implementation process. In moving towards the achievement of this objective a number of different, yet supplementary, sources of knowledge and experience are examined. Part 1 reviews the underlying assumptions and strengths and weaknesses of existing appraisal methods and examines their applicability in ex-post evaluation and the choice among them. It also examines the different views and models of both monitoring and implementation analysis and the role each can play within a comprehensive evaluation approach. Part 2 examines evaluation methods adopted in a number of case studies in various fields. It starts with the first hand experience in urban policy evaluation within a governmental context. Then, it critically reviews the methodology adopted for evaluation in a number of case studies in the field of urban policy. Evaluation traditions in the fields of regional (economic) policy in Britain and, trunk road and motorway schemes in the UK, USA and the Netherlands are also reviewed. These different strands are brought together in the form of a flexible systematic approach for comprehensive ex-post evaluation of urban policy. The choice of the 'components' of the approach is based, to a large extent, on the first part of the research. However, the organisation of the approach and the exact role each tool can play are greatly informed by the second part.
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Furbey, Robert Antony. "Housing and urban policy : applying a sociological imagination." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2001. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/23512/.
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The Candidate's registration form (PF1) approved by the Research Committee of Sheffield Hallam University in September 2000 included the following summary abstract of the portfolio of published work:Housing and wider urban policy constitute a complex, inter-connected and multidimensional field, marked in the last two decades by deep and pervasive change. Research here raises issues of economics and finance; law and welfare rights; architecture, design and construction; planning and management; and politics and governance. However, the candidate's particular perspective on urban processes and policy is sociological. Over a prolonged period he has drawn on sociological perspectives, concepts and methods of analysis to develop distinctive and critical analyses of housing and urban policy questions. In more recent years this general orientation has been expressed in a collection of refereed papers, a book and two major research reports that form an essentially coherent and evolving programme of study. This has involved an appraisal of the implications of the eclipse of traditional urban policies associated with post-1945 'welfarism' (especially council housing) and their supersession by new approaches that, at least formally, emphasise resident or 'community' participation in housing policy and urban 'regeneration'. Informed by various social scientific concepts and debates, therefore, this work has produced the following specific contributions to knowledge: a) a distinctive interpretation of the origins of British council housing and the consequences of this legacy for the subsequent rise and fall of social housing; b) a distinctive appraisal and interpretation of the merits and deficiencies of council housing; c) a balanced critique of social surveys in tenant involvement in housing policy, based on a critical examination of the concept of 'housing satisfaction'; d) a critical assessment of the merits of tenant training for participation, informed by an exploration of competing conceptions of 'citizenship'; e) critical assessments of the quest for 'community' involvement in urban policy (through two major research projects on tenant training and the local impact of the Church Urban Fund); f) a sociological critique of current definitions of urban 'regeneration'; and g) an assessment of the fortunes of the housing 'professional project' in a context of accelerating change.
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Heaphy, Liam James. "Modelling and translating future urban climate for policy." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/modelling-and-translating-future-urban-climate-for-policy(2c2ca637-bec2-4f60-884d-5d34fa77fb26).html.
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This thesis looks at the practice of climate modelling at the urban scale in relation to projections of future climate. It responds to the question of how climate models perform in a policy context, and how these models are translated in order to have agency at the urban scale. It considers the means and circumstances through which models are constructed to selectively represent urban realities and potential realities in order to explore and reshape the built environment in response to a changing climate. This thesis is concerned with an interdisciplinary area of research and practice, while at the same time it is based on methodologies originating in science and technology studies which were later applied to architecture and planning, geography, and urban studies. Fieldwork consisted of participant-observation and interviews with three groups of practitioners: firstly, climate impacts modellers forming part of the Adaptation and Resilience in a Changing Climate (ARCC) programme; secondly, planners and adaptation policymakers in the cities of Manchester and London; and thirdly, boundary organisations such as the UK Climate Impacts Programme (UKCIP). Project and climate policy material pertinent to these projects and the case study cities were also analysed in tandem. Of particular interest was the common space shared to researchers and stakeholders where modelling results were explained, contextualised, and interrogated for policy-relevant results. This took the form of stakeholder meetings in which the limits of the models in relation to policy demands could be articulated and mediated. In considering the agency of models in relation to uncertainties, it was found that although generated in a context of applied science, models had a limited effect on policy. As such, the salience of urban climatic risk-based assessment for urban planning is restrained, because it presupposes a quantitative understanding of climate impacts that is only slowly forming due to societal and governmental pressures. This can be related both to the nature of models as sites of exploration and experimentation, and to the distribution of expertise in the climate adaptation community. Although both the research and policy communities operate partly in a common space, models and their associated tools operate at a level of sophistication that policy-makers have difficulty comprehending and integrating into planning policy beyond the level of simple guidance and messages. Adaptation in practice is constrained by a limited understanding of climate uncertainties and urban climatology, evident through the present emphasis on catch-all solutions like green infrastructure and win-win solutions rather than the empowerment of actors and a corresponding distribution of adequate resources. An analysis is provided on the means by which models and maps can shape climate adaptation at scales relevant for cities, based on considerations of how models gain agency through forms of encoded expertise like maps and the types of interaction between science and policy that they imply.
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Mouritz, Michael John. "Sustainable urban water systems: Policy and professional praxis." Thesis, Mouritz, Michael John (1996) Sustainable urban water systems: Policy and professional praxis. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 1996. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/211/.
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The provision of water, wastewater and stormwater infrastructure is an essential ingredient of cities. However, questions are being raised about the type and form of urban infrastructure, for economic and environmental reasons. Traditionally these techologies have offered linear solutions, drawing increasing volumes of water into cities and discharging waste at ever increasing levels, causing escalating stress on the environment. In addition the costs of water infrastructure provision and replacement, both in the developing and developed world, is becoming prohibitive. In response, a new paradigm has been called for and new solutions are emerging that have been labelled as Integrated Urban Water Management (IUWM). This concept can be considered to consist of both technical and philosophical dimensions, and represents a new form of professional praxis. However, the adoption of these techniques and concepts is constrained by the inertia of the existing urban water systems. It is therefore argued that the introduction of any change must occur across a number of dimensions of the technoeconomic system of the city. These dimensions-artefacts and technical systems (i.e. the technology and knowledge systems), professional praxis and socio-political context (i.e. institutions, culture and politics) and biophysical realities and world views (i.e. the environment and underlying values) - provide a framework for analysis of the change process - both how it is occurring and how it needs to occur. This framework is used to illustrate the link between environment values and the process of technological innovation, and points to the need for the emerging values and innovations to be institutionalised into the professional praxis and socio-political context of society. Specifically, it is argued that a new form of transdisciplinary professional praxis is emerging and needs to be cultivated. A broad review of the literature, an evaluation of selected emerging technologies and three case studies are used to illustrate and argue this position. These examples show the potential economic, social and environmental benefits of IUWM and provide some insight into the potential which this approach has to influence the form and structure of the city and at the same time highlighting the institutional arrangements required to manage urban water systems.
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Uppink, Lauren Kim. "Rescuing urban regeneration from urban patronage: towards inclusive development in the Voortrekker Road Corridor." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22802.
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The Voortrekker Road Corridor in Cape Town was recently identified as an Integration Zone according to National Treasury's Integrated City Development Grant (ICDG). Prior to this a number of private and public stakeholders founded the Greater Tygerberg Partnership, in response to the need for a coordinating body to champion inclusive regeneration and local economic development in the corridor and neighbouring northern suburbs. Funded wholly by the City of Cape Town for its first three years of operation, the Partnership had after two years in operation appeared to have made little progress in catalysing interest and tangible investment in the area, even on a micro level. This dissertation utilises the qualitative analysis method of process tracing for the period of 2012-2015 to explore themes of urban governance and conversely urban patronage. It firstly considers whether the apparent stasis is due to the Partnership being subjected to capture by strong private and political elites. Subsequently it examines whether incremental, micro-level governance initiatives and acts of public entrepreneurship, though seemingly small, have the potential to build momentum capable of overcoming such threatening predatory networks, and in so doing redirect the organisation towards achieving substantive inclusive and equitable regeneration.
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Paris, Chris. "Social theory and housing policy." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/130120.
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Bastos, Ronaldo Rocha. "Policy evaluation within a microanalytic framework : an application in Brazil." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329661.
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Brennan, Mark Emmanuel. "Social policy and operations management." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129047.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Policy, Operations, and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, September, 2020Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
This dissertation strengthens planning and policy analysis by using concepts from operations management to examine production and distribution of goods and services for disadvantaged groups. Building on the introduction, chapter two tells a cautionary tale, investigating how scholars and decision makers used operations management methods to consider operations in planning and policy analysis in the 1970s in ways that further marginalized already vulnerable residents. The tools and concepts of operations management, however, if sufficiently framed by concerns about equity and advocacy, are powerful instruments in solving production and distribution problems with social consequences. Chapter three explores how these concepts can be used to descriptively identify disparities in access to goods and services by socio-economic status, examining the distribution of irrigation equipment in Senegal. The core question is about the allocation of risk and inventory across levels of a supply chain that extends far into Senegal's farming regions. Chapter four identifies how these concepts can be used to causally explain disparities, tracing policies and plans that aggregative or ameliorate them. It focuses on the main program that subsidizes affordable housing construction in the United States, a durable necessity that is unevenly available and exposed to environment risks across space. The core question is about patterns over space and time in building affordable housing stocks, relative to where and when disasters occur. Chapter five shows how these concepts can be used to prescriptively remedy disparities. It investigates quality risks in the US international food assistance supply chain in Eastern Africa. The core question is about what levers can be pulled in supply chain design to improve food aid quality. Chapter six concludes.
by Mark Emmanuel Brennan.
Ph. D. in Policy, Operations, and Management
Ph.D.inPolicy,Operations,andManagement Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning
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Yeung, Choi-shan, and 楊彩珊. "Environmental policies, urban planning strategies and urban development in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31374372.
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Cheng, Chien-Ke. "Sustainable urban design within contemporary urban policy| A comparative study between Chicago and Taipei." Thesis, Illinois Institute of Technology, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3574932.
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This research and methodology develop a set of statistical measurements to evaluate sustainability — in terms of desired high urban density, walkability for community amenity and convenience for everyday life — at the level of urban design for the cities of Chicago, USA and Taipei, Taiwan. The method, based upon GIS (Geographical Information System) technology, is used at this spatial level and for this type of academic study for the first time. The research analyzes and compares the percentage of each city's population living within the "Quarter Mile Radius Sphere of Influence" (QMSI) for three classes of community amenities: parks, public elementary schools, and subway stations. The new and unique statistical data obtained in this thesis show a great disparity between the two cities.
1. Chicago has 31.98% of its population living within the QMSI of public elementary schools. Taipei has 49.64% of its population living within the QMSI of public elementary schools.
2. For subway stations, Chicago has only 8.09% of its population living in the QMSI, while Taipei has 25.99%.
3. For urban parks, Chicago has 44.06% of its population living in the QMSI, while Taipei has 88.80%.
Further, based upon comparison, this research also discovers that the "sweet spot" areas — intersection of the QMSIs of all three community amenities — are mostly distributed along subway lines. With this indication, the research visualizes and supports the objective of improved public transit and walkability as key factors for sustainability in urban design in this case. The research also demonstrates the usefulness of GIS technology's new application in urban design studies for the future. The research shows that this new method has applicability for academic studies in other urban contexts, and for future international urban design and planning.
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O'Toole, Barbara Maria. "Differentiation and coherence in urban policy : the impact of locality on Urban Development Corporations." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241556.
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Richardson, Heather Eileen Seyfang. "The parking policy and smart growth disconnect : obstacles to establishing and implementing smart growth parking policy." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33042.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (p. 95-100).
Urban areas are plagued by congestion, economic inequality, and inefficient land use that result from highway and single family housing subsidies, segregated land uses, and many other government policies established over the last 80 years. Parking is one part of the complex and problematic system of traditional urban development that can benefit from a Smart Growth approach to urban livability. Parking is increasingly understood to be an underlying factor in traffic generation that leads to increasing vehicle miles traveled, congestion, and several other nuisances that arise from a growing number of vehicles on the road. Furthermore, parking increases the cost of living in urban areas where parking demand is high and supply is tight. Traditional growth patterns that encourage low density development with minimum free parking requirements exacerbate problems caused by parking. Smart Growth development counters traditional growth by offering mixed use development, maximum parking requirements, context sensitive design and focusing on increasing pedestrian and transit trips. After establishing the advantages of Smart Growth over traditional development for Boston, this thesis asks: why are the cities of Boston, Cambridge and Quincy not implementing Smart Growth when it could be better for everyone? Four case studies from the Boston Metropolitan Area (North Station, Ruggles, Quincy Center, and Alewife) will help identify the pros, cons, and constraints for shifting paradigms from traditional to Smart Growth policies.
(cont.) This thesis argues that developers' perception of buyer demand, lenders' perception of buyer demand, and communities' preference for lower density are the main obstacles to Smart Growth parking policies in the greater Boston metropolitan area. Boston has many advantages in adopting Smart Growth: high density urban center, fairly well mixed land uses, reputation for being pedestrian friendly, as well as home to the sixth largest public transportation system in the country. The critical factors the city needs to change in order to implement Smart Growth include: disconnect between stakeholder perceptions of Smart Growth and the real estate market (stakeholders do not perceive themselves as 'winners' with Smart Growth), lack of affordable housing near transit, lack of enforcement for Smart Growth-oriented policies, increased transit capacity to handle future growth, and a more coordinated set of policies for housing, transportation, and economic growth that is centered around Smart Growth that a rigorously implemented and adhered to.
by Heather Eileen Seyfang Richardson.
M.C.P.
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Sabatino, Caldeyro Veronica. "As cidades que desenham Barão Geraldo." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258475.
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Orientador: Emilia RutkowskiDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Ubanismo
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T13:55:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 SabatinoCaldeyro_Veronica_M.pdf: 5515504 bytes, checksum: eb93e2e5d4c24608546a28eccb3dde6f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005
Resumo: Este trabalho pretende apresentar a pesquisa desenvolvida para a dissertação de mestrado (DSA/FEC/UNICAMP), ¿As cidades que desenham Barão Geraldo¿. Trataremos do processo de formação do distrito Barão Geraldo que se configura num espaço privilegiado para entendermos a territorialização, a qualificação do espaço urbanode Campinas, cidade da qual é distrito. De cidade rural, marcada pela presença de grandes propriedades cafeeiras, numa área de afloramento basáltico, a partir da segunda metade do século 20, a área do distrito passa por um processo de diferenciação que se acelera com a implantação da Unicamp. Essa diferenciação pode ser vista como a sobreposição de várias cidades. Nossa abordagem metodológica se pauta pela busca dessas cidades, suas escalas e redes locais e regionais. Para tanto, levantamos a história do processo de territorialização do distrito até a década de 90 com os planos urbanos: O Plano Diretor do município de Campinas e o Plano Local de Gestão Urbana de Barão Geraldo (PLGU-BG), ambos de 1996. Utilizamos como metáfora dessas cidades: a cidade sanitária, a cidade universitária, a cidade tecnológica, a cidade ambiental e a cidade capitalista. Essas cidades se sobrepõe cronologicamente e sobre elas desenvolvemos uma cartografia perceptiva. Buscamos através dessa dissertação, a partir do estudo de Barão Geraldo, trazer essas várias cidades para a discussão do momento atual do planejamento urbano e ambiental
Abstract: This paper intends to present the research ¿The cities that outline Barão Geraldo¿ (¿As cidades que desenham Barão Geraldo¿), developed for the mastership degree dissertation (DSA/FEC/UNICAMP). We will deal with the process of formation of the Barão Geraldo district, located at a privileged area, to understand the territorial characteristics and the qualification of the urban zone of Campinas, a city of which Barão Geraldo is a district. From a rural town, distinguished for hosting large coffee producing agricultural properties, located at a basaltic outcropping area, the district area starts, as from the second half of the 20th century, to undergo a differentiation process which gains speed with the implantation of Unicamp. Such differentiation may be regarded as the overlapping of several cities. Our methodological approach is defined by the search for these cities, its local and regional scales and networks. For such, we researched the history of the district¿s territorial process up to the 1990s, with that decade¿s urban plans: the City of Campinas Directive Plan (¿Plano Diretor do município de Campinas¿) and the Barão Geraldo Local Plan of Urban Management (PLGU-BG, ¿Plano Local de Gestão Urbana de Barão Geraldo¿), both from 1996. We chose to use as metaphors for such cities: the sanitary city, the universitary city, the technological city, the environmental city and the real estate city. These cities chronologically superpose each other, and we developed a perceptive cartography about them. By means of this dissertation, and basde on the study of Barão Geraldo, we seek to bring these several cities into the discussion of the current moment for the urban and environmental planning
Mestrado
Saneamento e Ambiente
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
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Gamman, John K. "Environmental policy implementation in developing countries." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/27977.
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Lau, Kin-kwok, and 劉建國. "New urban renewal policy of the government of HKSAR." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44569865.
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Mohammadi, Mohamad Reza Dallalpour. "Policy impact on urban land use patterns in Iran." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260891.
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Zhang, Xing Quan. "Privatisation : a study of housing policy in urban China." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249869.
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Ndubueze, Okechukwu Joseph. "Urban housing affordability and housing policy dilemmas in Nigeria." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/298/.
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Given the increasing importance of affordability in housing policy reform debates, this study develops a new composite approach to measuring housing affordability and employs it to examine the nature of urban housing affordability in Nigeria. The data used in this study are based on the Nigerian Living Standards Survey 2003-2004. The aggregate housing affordability model developed here measures housing affordability problems more accurately and classifies the housing affordability status of households more appropriately than the conventional affordability models. Findings show very high levels of housing affordability problems in Nigeria with about 3 out of every 5 urban households experiencing such difficulties. There are also significant housing affordability differences between socio-economic groups, housing tenure groups and states in Nigeria. The current national housing policy that de-emphasises government involvement in housing provision does not allow the country’s full potential for tackling its serious affordability problems to be realised and, hence, the laudable ‘housing for all’ goal of the policy has remained elusive. Nigerian socio-economic realities demand far more vigorous government involvement in housing development, working with a more committed private sector, energised civil societies and empowered communities to tackle the enormous housing problems of the country
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Valpergue, de Masin Ardoin 1977. "Economic modeling of urban pollution and climate policy interactions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85728.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 75-77).
by Ardoin Valpergue de Masin.
S.M.
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Nihart, Alison. "Developing a Cohesive Urban Agriculture Policy for Burlington, VT." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2013. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/761.
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A growing interest in urban food production has prompted many North American cities to revise their municipal policies regarding agricultural activities. In March 2011, the City Council of Burlington, VT, created the Urban Agriculture Task Force to investigate and recommend policies to provide city officials with tools to effectively govern urban agriculture. In coordination with the Task Force as a community partner, I used a governance framework and participatory action research (PAR) to analyze: (1) the needs of local stakeholders, including urban agriculture practitioners, the general Burlington community, and government officials; (2) the policy tools available to the City of Burlington, including the direct provision of services, regulation, public information, and partnerships with other organizations; (3) the actors and relationships present in Burlington’s urban agriculture governance network; and (4) policy approaches used in other cities. Based on this analysis, over 50 policy recommendations were developed for the City of Burlington, ranging from ordinance revisions to the development of new urban agriculture initiatives. Key findings include that (1) a balance must be struck between stakeholder needs (e.g. practitioners desire that regulations be minimal, while municipal officials need measurable standards to ease implementation); (2) a legal basis for governing some aspects of urban agriculture, such as the humane treatment of livestock, is needed, but other aspects, such as managing neighbor conflicts or connecting people to available land, are not easily regulated and require innovative programming; and (3) the City has an opportunity to partner with other organizations that are better suited to provide technical expertise to practitioners. These recommendations lay the groundwork for the City to better govern and support current and future urban agriculture activities.
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Lau, Kin-kwok. "New urban renewal policy of the government of HKSAR /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22284515.
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DiDomenica, Bessie. "Food Policy: Urban Farming as a Supplemental Food Source." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/575.
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The distance between farms and cities and the limited access that some residents have to fresh foods can be detrimental to a city's capacity to feed people over time. This study addressed the under-studied topic of urban farming as a secondary food source, specifically by exploring the opportunities and limitations of urban farming in a large Northeastern city. Brundtland's food policy was the pivotal theory supporting food production to end global starvation, and was the link between environmental conservation and human survival. The research question for this study examined the potential food policy opportunities and limitations that assist urban farms as a supplemental food source. Twenty stakeholders from the public (6), nonprofit (7), private (3), and academic (4) sectors formed the purposeful snowball sample in this case study. Data were collected through open-ended interviews, which were then subjected to an iterative and inductive coding strategy. The significant finding of this study is that while food policy supported urban farms as a secondary food source in a way consistent with Brundtland's theory, local food alone was inadequate to feed its urban population. Other key findings revealed that food policies that influenced land use, food production, and procurement presented unique challenges in each sector. Existing food production policies such as zoning regulations, permitting processes, and public funding benefited one sector over another. The study contributes to social change by exploring food policies that encourage partnerships between sector stakeholders; urban, rural, and suburban farmers; and city residents that foster alternative and sustainable food production in the urban setting.
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Jordan, Lisa Vaughan. "Effects of Historic Preservation Policy on Urban Neighborhood Stabilization." ScholarWorks, 2018. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/5731.
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Since the 1960s, urban neighborhoods in the United States have been affected by historic designation and local historic preservation policy raising concerns about social inequity in housing and services, environmental resources, and economic challenges. Although there is consensus that the role of public policy in historic preservation decision-making is related to neighborhood stabilization, little is known about the extent of the impact. Using Ostrom's social-ecological systems theory as a guide, the purpose of this single case study of a historical district in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic region was to investigate the impact of implementation of local historic preservation policies and programs related to social and economic change. Data were collected from 11 interviews with residents and government officials and publicly available documents provided by the local government agency. These data were inductively coded and then subjected to thematic analysis. Findings indicate that areas of deficiency in historic preservation policy in the urban neighborhood affect social-economic systems due to the complex and integrated way that the components often work asynchronously. Collaboration between multiple types and levels of entities can offset the negatives and bolster the more positive aspects of historic preservation. The study includes recommendations to local government policy makers and organizations that emphasize the importance of integrated planning and development and the revision of current policy to reflect constituent needs. Maximizing the efficiency and operation of historic preservation policy may engender positive social change by optimizing economic impacts and lessening social disparities and environmental concerns, which may improve citizens' quality of life and affected areas' fiscal health.
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ZUSER, Tobias. "Hidden agenda? Cultural policy in Hong Kong’s urban redevelopment." Digital Commons @ Lingnan University, 2014. https://commons.ln.edu.hk/cs_etd/21.
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For many years industrial buildings in Hong Kong have formed some of the city’s most vibrant cultural clusters by providing local artists with low-cost space to pursue their creative work. However, recent efforts by the government also targeted these areas for commercial revitalization. By 2020 the industrial part of Kwun Tong, a densely populated district in Kowloon East, will not only have been transformed into the city’s second Central Business District, but also seen the majority of the current cultural workers leaving due to the rapid valorisation of land. Nevertheless, these ongoing struggles over spatial power have also opened up a new space for a critical debate on Hong Kong’s urban planning and cultural policy strategies. This research uses the non-compliant Kwun Tong livehouse Hidden Agenda as a case study to shed light on the prospects for Hong Kong’s cultural diversity in its material, social and symbolic form of cultural clusters. By critically investigating research across different disciplines, I argue that—although the mere exposure of the contradictions between cultural planning and urban creativity discourses is significant—the governmental conditions that have been enabling the emergence of such spaces in the first place are often neglected by scholars and planners alike. Therefore, in order to understand both the destructive and productive impact of spatial power on Hong Kong’s cultural production, this thesis aims to examine the room for maneuvers within planning and policy discourses by expanding the Foucauldian approach of cultural policy studies to the domain of space.
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Quinn, Kelly. "An abandonment crisis in renewing neighborhoods? : the limitations of Boston's vacant building policy and alternative policy approach." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76863.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1986.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH
Bibliography: leaves 96-104.
by Kelly Quinn.
M.C.P.
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Kelly, Nicholas F. 1987, and Ellen Ingrid Gould. "Can housing policy address spatial inequality? : innovations in policy and politics to expand access to opportunity neighborhoods." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/132756.
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Thesis: Ph. D. in Public Policy and Urban Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, February, 2021Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis. Thesis contains 3 articles.
Includes bibliographical references.
While research has demonstrated that low-poverty neighborhoods can improve economic outcomes for low-income children, policymakers have few scalable solutions to help families access those areas. In this dissertation, I present three innovations in policy and politics aimed at improving access to opportunity neighborhoods. First, with Ingrid Gould Ellen, I argue for a streamlined measure of neighborhood opportunity we call the School-Violence-Poverty (SVP) Index based on the three metrics that are most strongly associated with positive outcomes among children. We combine it with data on rental prices in New York City and Greater Boston to identify "opportunity bargain" areas that have lower rents than expected given their high ratings on measures of school quality, low levels of violent crime, and low poverty rates. We find that rents capitalize a wide assortment of amenities unrelated to opportunity, such as access to restaurants, while in some cases undervaluing opportunity neighborhoods. Second, I evaluate the impact of three policy changes on increasing access to opportunity: rental subsidies set at the ZIP Code level, a randomized controlled trial of a housing mobility counseling program, and a randomized controlled trial of a housing search tool that provides customized neighborhood recommendations based on public transit access, school quality and public safety preferences. I find that rental subsidy changes were associated with higher numbers of moves to areas with better schools, as well as the percentage of families moving to areas with high performing schools and low rates of violent crime and poverty. I also find the housing mobility counseling program increased access to areas with lower violent crime rates, and the housing search tool helped those in the treatment group already interested in moving to high-opportunity areas move to significantly higher opportunity neighborhoods. Third, I ask: how do city agencies implement regional policies? I propose a theory of urban bureaucratic policy implementation that argues that city agencies are an important vehicle for the implementation of regional policies due to their bureaucratic autonomy. I focus on two strategies these agencies use to facilitate implementation: reframing regional policy to align with the city's interest, and redesigning policy to reduce political opposition. I test the theory by examining the implementation of "housing mobility" programs that help low-income families move to areas of opportunity in the United States, finding that reframing housing mobility from a desegregation policy to an upward economic mobility strategy facilitated implementation of regional policies by recasting it in the city's interest. I end by reflecting on paradoxical conclusions for democratic accountability, given that agencies less accountable to city leaders may in fact be more responsive to society by enacting policy to benefit the regional good.
by Nicholas F. Kelly.
Paper One. The price of neighborhood opportunity : the case for the school-violence-poverty index and opportunity bargain analysis / Nicholas Kelly, Ingrid Gould Ellen -- Paper Two. Innovations to expand access to opportunity neighborhoods for low-income families in Greater Boston / Nicholas Kelly -- Paper Three. All policy implementation is local : how the rise of housing mobility programs helps explain urban bureaucratic politics / Nicholas Kelly.
Ph. D. in Public Policy and Urban Planning
Ph.D.inPublicPolicyandUrbanPlanning Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning
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Pasidis, Ilias. "Urban transport externalities." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404487.
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Chapter 2 of this dissertation estimates the joint causal effect of highway and railway Infrastructure on the suburbanization of population in European cities. Using a unique dataset of 579 European cities from 29 European countries during the period 1961-2011, I provide evidence that an additional highway ray displaces on average approximately 9 percent of the central city population to the suburbs in Europe's cities. However, Roman and Medieval cities appear to be more resilient to this process. Indeed, this existence of historical amenities in the cities of Europe appears to provide a reasonable explanation for these differences, providing some of the first empirical evidence for Brueckner et al. ( 1999)'s theory.
Chapter 3 of this dissertation tests and confirms the 'fundamental law of highway congestion' for the cities of Europe. Using different approaches, I find an elasticity of Vehicle Kilometres Travelled (VKT) with respect to highway lane km in the range of 0. 7-1. In a second stage, I estimate the effect of the increase in highway traffic on the emissions of some of the most harmful air pollutants. For nitrogen oxides, the estimated elasticity is approximately 0.10 - I.e. a ten-percent increase in highway traffic causes a one-percent increase in nitrogen oxide emissions. Sulphur dioxide also seems to increase considerably with highway traffic. Furthermore, the heterogeneous analysis shows that the increase in traffic congestion and urban air pollution is higher in cities with- out tolls - a finding that substantiates congestion pricing - and in cities without subways - a finding that corroborates rapid transit policies.
Chapter 4, in contrast, analyses the bidirectional relationship between high- way accidents and traffic congestion for highways In England. The research design is based on the daily and hourly specific mean reversion pattern of highway traffic, which can be used to define a recurrent congestion benchmark. Using this benchmark, I am able to identify the causal effect of accidents on non-recurrent traffic congestion. The results of this analysis suggest that a marginal decrease in the average speed due to an accident is about 7.8 km/h, while the journey time increases by around 27 percent when I consider the duration of this effect. Another important finding is that the effect declines by 70-75 percent after the first quarter of an hour. Finally, a back-of- the- envelope calculation suggests that an accident causes on average a 70-minute traffic delay per km for the users of that particular highway segment, while this effect Is 160 minutes in recurrently congested segments.
Chapter 5 uses geo-located data of retail rents, shop vacancies and footfall in the Netherlands to quantify shopping externalities. First, a theoretical model formalizes the existence of vacancies in the property market and establishes the relationship between shop rents and footfall, as well between vacancies and footfall. Identification is obtained using a novel research design based on spatial differences of footfall between intersecting shopping streets. The estimates imply an elasticity of rental in- come with respect to footfall of about 0.25 and about 0.1 with respect to the number of shops. The latter is substantial compared to the elasticities in the agglomeration economies literature. A shop's marginal benefit of a pedestrian passing by Is about 0.004 euros. The study also shows that footfall reduces shop vacancy rates consider-ably. Using the estimated elasticity of rental income, welfare considerations can be made taking into account new and existing shops. An average annual subsidy of about 10 percent of the rent to a new shop is welfare optimal, but when subsidies are given to existing shops, subsidies to shops that generate more footfall should be substantially higher.
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Bruckner, Anna. "The United Nation’s New Urban Agenda : - The long Journey to Commitment on Global Urban Policy." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-65504.
Full textAbstract:
With the adoption of a New Urban Agenda at the United Nations Habitat IIIconference in 2016, it is the first time a comprehensive global policy commitment on cities is introduced in Global Governance. Together with Sustainable Development Goal 11, we witness a pro-urban shift in global discourse. Urbanization’s celerity has instead appertained to one of the distinctive development phenomena for a long time. In the light of its pace, it comes as a surprise that committing on global urban policy took that long. This thesis aims at examining the long path to the New Urban Agenda. It will investigate its forerunners, the conferences Habitat I and Habitat II and will unfold undergone shifts in Global Governance and development discourses. It will finally assess the means of the pro-urban discourse on cities in the New Urban Agenda while problematizing the limits of its normative core.