Journal articles on the topic 'Urban policy – Ontario – Toronto'
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1
Helferty, Natalie. ""Localization": A means to reduce negative transportation impacts in the "natural city"." Ekistics and The New Habitat 71, no. 427-429 (December 1, 2004): 233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200471427-429193.
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The author runs "Natural Heritage Consulting" in Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada. She is a former Adjunct Professor at Ryerson University having taught Applied Ecology as a joint program between the School of Occupational and Public Health and the School of Urban and Regional Planning. She has provided environmental policy input on government initiatives such as the formation of the Greenbelt around the City of Toronto in her capacity as a member of the Province of Ontario's Greenbelt Task Force. The text that follows is a revised and edited version of a paper presented by the author at the Natural City conference - "Success Stories" - organized by the Centre for Environment, University of Toronto from 31 May to 2 June, 2006.
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Kulisek, Larry, and Trevor Price. "Ontario Municipal Policy Affecting Local Autonomy: A Case Study Involving Windsor and Toronto." Articles 16, no. 3 (August 7, 2013): 255–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017734ar.
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During the first great burst of urban growth in Canada from the beginning of the 20th century and on into the 1920s it was generally the municipalities, either singly or collectively, which fostered policy innovation and new services. Provinces generally did little at that time, either to foster new policies or rein in local autonomy. It was only after the economic setbacks of the depression and a renewed spirit of urban development after 1945 that provincial direction over municipalities became much more significant. This paper is a case study of two major policy crises which threatened the viability of the whole municipal system in Ontario. In the 1930s the Border Cities (Metropolitan Windsor) faced bankruptcy and economic collapse and placed in jeopardy the credit of the province. In the early 1950s the inability of Metropolitan Toronto to create area-wide solutions to severe servicing problems threatened to stall the main engine of provincial growth. The case study demonstrates how a reluctant provincial government intervened to create new metropolitan arrangements for the two areas and accompanied this with a greatly expanded structure of provincial oversight including a strengthened Ontario Municipal Board and a specific department to handle municipal affairs. The objective of the policy was to bolster local government rather than to narrow municipal autonomy.
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De Sousa, Christopher. "Trying to Smart-In-Up and Cleanup Our Act by Linking Regional Growth Planning, Brownfields Remediation, and Urban Infill in Southern Ontario Cities." Urban Planning 2, no. 3 (August 24, 2017): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v2i3.1026.
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The reuse of brownfields as locations for urban intensification has become a core strategy in government sustainability efforts aimed at remediating pollution, curbing sprawl and prioritizing renewal, regeneration, and retrofitting. In Ontario, Canada’s most populous, industrialized, and brownfield-laden province, a suite of progressive policies and programs have been introduced to not only facilitate the assessment and remediation of the brownfields supply, but to also steer development demand away from peripheral greenfields and towards urban brownfields in a manner that considers a wider regional perspective. This article examines the character and extent of brownfields infill development that has taken place in three Ontario cities (Toronto, Waterloo, and Kingston) since the provincial policy shift in the early 2000s. Using property assessment data and cleanup records, the research finds that redevelopment activity has been extensive in both scale and character, particularly in Toronto where the real estate market has been strong. While the results are promising in terms of government efforts to promote smarter growth that builds “in and up” instead of out, they also reveal that government could be doing more to facilitate redevelopment and influence its sustainability character, particularly in weaker markets.
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Linovski, Orly. "Shifting Agendas: Private Consultants and Public Planning Policy." Urban Affairs Review 55, no. 6 (February 6, 2018): 1666–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087417752475.
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Despite concerns about the privatization of urban planning practices, there is little known about the professional actors involved in this restructuring. Private-sector consultants, though beholden to the same professional standards as public-sector employees, face competing pressures of an entrepreneurial fee-for-service business model. This article examines the role of planning consultants in shaping public policy agendas, by analyzing the redevelopment of Downsview Park in Toronto, Ontario. Drawing from interview and archival data, I find that private-sector planning consultants had influence in prioritizing policy agendas by propagating the need for sped-up processes and allowing landowners to “pay for priority.” The fluidity of professionals between firms, sectors, and projects reinforced the perceived value and neutrality of consultant expertise. These strategies worked to erode the differences between public- and private-sector planning processes, resulting in a high degree of influence for development interests.
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Sorensen, André, and Anna-Katharina Brenner. "Cities, Urban Property Systems, and Sustainability Transitions: Contested Processes of Institutional Change and the Regulation of Urban Property Development." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 28, 2021): 8429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158429.
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Sustainability transitions research has emerged as one of the most influential approaches to conceptualizing the potential and practice of transformative system change to avoid climate catastrophe. Evolving from work on socio-technical systems via Geels’ multi-level perspective (MLP), this conceptual framework has contributed to understanding how complex systems in the contemporary world can be transformed. This paper contributes to the sustainability transitions literature in three main ways. First, the paper develops a conceptual framework focused on the urban property systems which regulate and support urban property, infrastructure and governance that are historically produced, are densely institutionalized, and through which public norms of property and governance are deeply embedded in and continually inscribed in urban space. Second, the paper suggests that urban property systems are continually and vigorously contested and demonstrate different modes of institutional change than those recognized by the existing sustainability transitions literature. Third, the paper illustrates the approach with a case study of the contested governance of property development in Toronto, Ontario, long one of the fastest growing cities in North America. The Toronto case suggests that institutions embedded in urban property systems are consequential and deserve more attention by those concerned with low-carbon transitions.
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Aquilina, Edwin Charles. "Urban sustainability and public awareness: The role of the National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy in Canada." Ekistics and The New Habitat 71, no. 424-426 (June 1, 2004): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200471424-426217.
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The author, Co-Chair, Urban Sustainability Task Force of the National Round Table on the Environment and the Economy, and Special Advisor to the Mayor of the City of Ottawa, is a former senior public servant and international consultant with extensive experience in public administration, policy formulation and program management relating to economic and regional growth, infrastructure development, social development as well as urban planning and conservation. With degrees in International Affairs from Carleton College in Minnesota and Political Science and Economics from Columbia University, he also holds Certificates in Russian Studies from Columbia University and in Military and Strategic Studies from the National Defense College in Kingston, Ontario. Mr Aquilina had a long career in the federal public service which included appointments to the Civil Service Commission, the Prime Minister's Office and the Privy Council Office. He served as Assistant-Deputy Minister in the Departments of Regional Economic Expansion, Secretary of State and Finance. He also occupied the positions of Deputy Secretary of the Treasury Board, General Manager of the National Capital Commission and Chair of the Task Force on Decentralization of Government Operations. As a consultant, he provided senior advice to the governmentof Lebanon on public service reform and headed a task force in Ethiopia on public finance reform. He was also a senior member of two missions from Canada to the governments of Benin and Haiti. The text that follows is an edited version of a paper presented at the international symposion on "The Natural City, " Toronto, 23-25 June, 2004, sponsored by the University of Toronto's Division of the Environment, Institute for Environmental Studies, and the World Society for Ekistics.
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Tovilla, Edgar. "Mind the Gap: Management System Standards Addressing the Gap for Ontario’s Municipal Drinking Water, Wastewater and Stormwater Ecosystem of Regulations." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 31, 2020): 7099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12177099.
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The research finds evidence in support of and wide recognition of the practical value of management system standards (MSS) by assisting municipalities in meeting their human health protection, environmental objectives, addressing environmental and property damage risks, and providing an additional mechanism of public accountability and transparency. Semi-structured interviews were applied to assess perceptions with practitioners and environmental non-governmental organizations on whether a similar approach to the legally required drinking water quality management standard (DWQMS) could be applied for the municipal wastewater and stormwater sectors. Twelve Ontario municipalities have adopted or are in the process of adopting an ISO 14001 environmental management system (EMS) standard for their wastewater and/or stormwater systems, which represents 66% of Ontario’s population. With the large urban centres (e.g., Toronto, York Region, Durham Region, Halton Region and Peel Region) adopting the standard, this is likely to influence small to medium-sized cities to follow a similar approach. Although, resources might be a factor preventing the cohort of smaller utilities voluntarily taking this path. Regulations governing Ontario’s municipal drinking water, wastewater and stormwater utilities were compared via gap analysis. Gaps on management of the system, performance monitoring, auditing and having minimum design criteria left the municipal wastewater and stormwater sectors behind in comparison with recently updated (2004–2008) regulatory framework for the drinking water sector. Based on the identification and review of significant gaps in wastewater and stormwater regulation (compared with the drinking water sector), environmental MSS should be incorporated to strengthen the regulatory framework of these sectors. These phenomena also depict a form of sustainable governance with the use of MSS, which are initiated, developed and regulated by non-state actors, recognizing the value of non-state rule instruments in the water, wastewater and stormwater sectors.
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Lee, Brenda. "Frisken, Frances. City Policy-Making in Theory and Practice: The Case of Toronto's Downtown Plan. London: University of Western Ontario Press, 1988. Pp. 101. $10.00 (paper)." Urban History Review 17, no. 3 (1989): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017650ar.
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Burcul, I., J. Dai, Z. Ma, S. Jamani, R. Hossain, and S. Strobel. "P083: Demographic characteristics of people experiencing homelessness presenting to emergency departments." CJEM 22, S1 (May 2020): S94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cem.2020.289.
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Introduction: Despite the visibility of the homeless population, there is limited data on the information of this patient population. Point-in-time counts and survey data from selected samples (such as those admitted to emergency shelter) have primarily been used. This literature suggests that this hard-to-reach population has high rates of presentation at emergency departments (EDs), and as such, EDs often become their main point of contact for health and social services. Leveraging this fact and administrative data we construct a crude census of homeless persons within Ontario. We further examine demographic characteristics of patients experiencing homelessness, and compare this data to findings from previous literature. Methods: All routinely collected administrative health data from EDs located within Ontario, Canada from 2010-2017 were analyzed to examine patient characteristics. Individuals experiencing homelessness were identified by a marker that was adopted in 2009 replacing their recorded postal code with an XX designation. s. Aggregating by LHIN, date and week of year, we examine the overall number of patients experiencing homelessness and number by LHIN location and seasonality. Demographic outcomes examined include age and sex. Results: 640,897 visits to the ED over 7 years were made by 39,525 unique individuals experiencing homelessness. Number of ED visits has steadily increased over 10 years in all of Ontario, despite decline in shelter use for individuals. Presentations were concentrated in large urban centres like Toronto, Ottawa and Hamilton. Fewer presentations occur in the spring and summer months and rise in the winter. Male patients presented older and in greater numbers than female patients. The modal female age of presentation is in the 20-24 age category. The modal male age of presentation is in the 25-29 age category. Older male patients were more likely to have multiple presentations. Conclusion: The utilization of administrative health data offers a novel, cost-effective method to measure demographic characteristics of people experiencing homelessness. Identifying characteristics of homeless patients through this method allows for a more complete understanding of the characteristics of a hard-to-reach population, which will allow policy makers to develop appropriate services for this sub-group. Furthermore, through analysis of trends of demographics over time, changes in the homeless population can be tracked in real-time to allow for coordination and implementation of services in a time-sensitive manner.
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Gajewski, Rafał, and Iwona Sagan. "Władze regionalne w zarządzaniu metropolitalnym. Polskie doświadczenia w odniesieniu do Kanady i regionu metropolitalnego Toronto = Regional authorities in metropolitan governance. Polish experience in the context of Canada and Toronto city-region." Przegląd Geograficzny 92, no. 4 (2020): 591–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/przg.2020.4.7.
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The article attempts to present dilemmas related to shaping metropolitan policy in Canada, and then relate them to problems occurring in Poland. It is a part of the debate on seeking the right governance configurations and discourses in response to the communities’ needs. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of the scales of governance and socio-spatial relations in the Toronto metropolitan area. The article has been divided into four main parts. Part one outlines the theoretical framework and the context of the conducted analyses. Part two describes the structures and processes of regional and metropolitan governance in Southern Ontario, with the earlier reference to the institutional conditions and directions of reforms characteristic of the whole of Canada. Part three of the study concerns the governance arrangements that may constitute important reference points for the scientific and political discourse taking place in Poland. Part four is an attempt to capture the similarities and universal premises that have a decisive influence on the processes of forming metropolitan structures and policies, both in Canada and in Poland. The assumption was made that, despite different historical and socio-cultural conditions, comparing Canadian and Polish experiences is justified, necessary and possible. Firstly, due to the reason that socio-spatial relations in various territorial systems are subject to the same development processes and the accompanying processes of transformation and adaptation. Secondly, residents (members of local, metropolitan, regional, national and supranational communities) have similar needs and expect a high quality of life. Decision-makers and actors of political scenes in different geographical spaces have (or may have) the same technologies, ways of information processing, access to knowledge and knowledge of socio-economic processes. They also face challenges related to the inclusion of citizens in decision-making processes. The analysis of metropolitan processes in both countries emphasizes the differences resulting from various historical and economic contexts of development and also makes it possible to identify universal mechanisms and regularities independent of these contexts. The practice of metropolitan policy proves that the process of re-territorialization of power structures and governance is shaped as a resultant of the impact of forces and interests at all levels of territorial authorities: central, regional and local. Based on the analysis of the processes of the formation of metropolitan structures in Canada and Poland, it can be stated that the rank and position of regional authorities play a key role in it. In Canada, strong regional authorities initiate actions for the shaping of metropolitan structures and formulate the scope of their competence and organization. The importance of central authorities for the dynamics of metropolitan processes is secondary in this case. The weakness of regional authorities in Poland leads to the inability to give metropolitan processes the dynamics of development and the legislative rank adequate for the role played by urban regions in the socio-economic development of the country. As evidenced by the example of Toronto, the evolution of the governance system in practice initiates the process of self-learning the system which goes from one to another phase of development, improving the quality of its operation. In Poland, however, the process of creation of governance structures adequate for realistically existing functional metropolitan areas has been stopped, notably, due to the unfavourable political decisions at the central level.
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Gough, William A. "Impact of Urbanization on the Nature of Precipitation at Toronto, Ontario, Canada." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 60, no. 4 (April 2021): 425–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-20-0179.1.
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AbstractA newly developed precipitation phase metric is used to detect the impact of urbanization on the nature of precipitation at Toronto, Ontario, Canada, by contrasting the relative amounts of rain and snow. A total of 162 years of observed precipitation data were analyzed to classify the nature of winter-season precipitation for the city of Toronto. In addition, shorter records were examined for nearby climate stations in less-urbanized areas in and near Toronto. For Toronto, all winters from 1849 to 2010 as well as three climate normal periods (1961–90, 1971–2000, and 1981–2010) were thus categorized for the Toronto climate record. The results show that Toronto winters have become increasingly “rainy” across these time periods in a statistically significant fashion, consistent with a warming climate. Toronto was compared with the other less urban sites to tease out the impacts of the urban heat island from larger-scale warming. This yielded an estimate of 19%–27% of the Toronto shift in precipitation type (from snow to rain) that can be attributed to urbanization for coincident time periods. Other regions characterized by similar climates and urbanization with temperatures near the freezing point are likely to experience similar climatic changes expressed as a change in the phase of winter-season precipitation.
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Nicolson, Murray W. "The Irish Experience in Ontario: Rural or Urban?" Articles 14, no. 1 (August 13, 2013): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017880ar.
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The purpose of this paper is to respond to several new theories which, if accepted, could alter the historical perception of the role played by urban centres in the adjustment of Irish Catholics in nineteenth century Ontario. Donald Akenson, a rural historian, believes that the Canadian experience of Irish immigrants is not comparable to the American one. Akenson contends that the numerical dominance of Protestants within the national group and the rural basis of the Irish community, negated the formation of urban ghettos and allowed for a relative ease in social mobility. In comparison the American Irish were dominantly Catholic urban dwelling and ghettoized. In addition the new labour historians believe that the rise of the Knights of Labor caused the Orange and Catholic Irish in Toronto to resolve their generational hatred and set about to form a common working-class culture. This theory must presume that Irish Catholic culture was of little value to be rejected with such ease. The writer contends that neither theory is valid. In the ghettos of Toronto the fusion of an Irish peasant culture with traditional Catholism produced a new, urban, ethno-religious vehicle — Irish Tridentine Catholism. This culture, spread from the city to the hinterland and, by means of metropolitan linkage, throughout Ontario. Privatism created a closed Irish society, one they were born into and left when they died. Irish Catholics co-operated in labour organizations for the sake of their family's future, but never shared in the development of a new working-class culture with their old Orange enemies.
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Schlegl, Lisa, and Sali A. Tagliamonte. "‘How do you get to Tim Hortons?’ Direction-giving in Ontario dialects." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 66, no. 1 (February 16, 2021): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cnj.2020.34.
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AbstractIn this study, we target the speech act of direction-giving using variationist sociolinguistic methods within a corpus of vernacular speech from six Ontario communities. Not only do we find social and geographical correlates to linguistic choices in direction-giving, but we also establish the influence of the physical layout of the community/place in question. Direction-giving in the urban center of Toronto (Southern Ontario) contrasts with five Northern Ontario communities. Northerners use more relative directions, while Torontonians use more cardinal directions, landmarks, and proper street names – for example, Go east on Bloor to the Manulife Centre. We also find that specific lexical choices (e.g., Take a right vs. Make a right) distinguish direction-givers in Northern Ontario from those in Toronto. These differences identify direction-giving as an ideal site for sociolinguistic and dialectological investigation and corroborate previous findings documenting regional variation in Canadian English.
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Temby, Owen. "Policy symbolism and air pollution in Toronto and Ontario, 1963–1967." Planning Perspectives 30, no. 2 (October 13, 2014): 271–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02665433.2014.956782.
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Zuker, Jesse. "Green Buildings Policy: An analysis of three market-oriented innovations." Ekistics and The New Habitat 71, no. 424-426 (June 1, 2004): 90–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e200471424-426231.
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The author graduated from the University of Toronto with a self-designed major in Environment and Architectural Studies. For the past year he has been working on implementing the Province of Ontario's green building program and currently works for Ontario Infrastructure.
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Chenoy, Neville, Suzanne Jackson, Trevor Hancock, and Karin Domnick Pierre. "Enhancing Health — A New Agenda for Ontario." Healthcare Management Forum 2, no. 2 (July 1989): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0840-4704(10)61373-7.
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Recognizing that changes in demography, the social environment, economics, technology and political trends are under-lying factors affecting health, Paradigm Health in Toronto examined these considerations to assess change to achieve a positive vision of health. Phase I of the study looked at opportunities and threats from the broad external environment affecting health, examined the internal strengths and weaknesses of the present Ontario health system, and analyzed the participants in the system. Phase II identified the important strategic issues gathered from the environmental study, and the strategies which could deal with these issues.
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Plotkin, Howard. "The Iron Creek Meteorite: The Curious History of the Manitou Stone and the Claim for its Repatriation." Earth Sciences History 33, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 150–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.33.1.2457k54466405851.
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Canada's Iron Creek meteorite, a 320 lb (145 kg) Group IIIAB medium octahedrite iron, was long venerated by the First Nations in Alberta as their sacred Manitou Stone, but it was taken without authority from them by Methodist missionaries in 1866. That began the meteorite's long odyssey, as it was transferred first to the Methodist Mission in Victoria (now Pakan) Alberta; then to the Red River Mission in Winnipeg, Manitoba; then to the Wesleyan Methodist Church's Mission Rooms in Toronto, Ontario; then to Victoria College in Cobourg, Ontario; then to the campus of the University of Toronto in Toronto, Ontario; then to the Royal Ontario Museum in Toronto; and finally to the Provincial Museum of Alberta (now the Royal Alberta Museum) in Edmonton. In recent years, a First Nations movement to repatriate the meteorite to a place near its original find site has been initiated. As of now, the meteorite remains on display at the Royal Alberta Museum's Syncrude Gallery of Aboriginal Culture, where it is a prized showpiece. The present paper explores the curious history and cultural significance of this fabled meteorite, its long odyssey, the issues surrounding the claims for its repatriation, the Royal Alberta Museum's present policy, and a possible way forward.
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Veitch, Michelle. "Urban Art Hotels and Gentrification: A Comparative Analysis of Toronto and London, Ontario." International Journal of Canadian Studies 56 (September 2017): 17–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ijcs.56.2017-0006.
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Maclellan, Duncan. "Planning Politics in Toronto: The Ontario Municipal Board and Urban Development Aaron A. Moore Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2013. pp. 254." Canadian Journal of Political Science 48, no. 2 (June 2015): 488–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423915000347.
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Williams, Robert J. "“If you build it …” Business, Government and Ontario's Electronic Toll Highway." Canadian Journal of Political Science 39, no. 1 (March 2006): 185–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423906239994.
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“If you build it …” Business, Government and Ontario's Electronic Toll Highway, Chandran Mylvaganam and Sandford Borins, Toronto: University of Toronto Centre for Public Management, 2004, pp. ix, 164.This monograph analyzes an extraordinary tale of public policy making in Ontario: the construction and management of an innovative toll highway now known as the 407/ETR (Express Toll Route).
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Goldhar, Jodeme, Clare Adie, Nancy Webb, and Laurie Harrison. "The Baycrest SARS experience: the human side." Australian Health Review 26, no. 3 (2003): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah030014.
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Toronto, in the province of Ontario, Canada was one of the cities severely impacted by Severe Acute RespiratorySyndrome (SARS). SARS required the health care system to respond quickly and efficiently. This paper describes thesituation and response at a large public academic aged care centre.
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Winton, Sue. "Coordinating Policy Layers of School Fundraising in Toronto, Ontario, Canada: An Institutional Ethnography." Educational Policy 33, no. 1 (October 23, 2018): 44–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0895904818807331.
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In this article, I report findings from an investigation into the politics and coordination of school fundraising in the Toronto District School Board (TDSB) in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Theoretically grounded in institutional ethnography and critical policy analysis, the study began from the standpoint of parents asked to give money to their children’s school(s). I show how provincial and TDSB funding, parent involvement, fundraising, and school council policies organize parents’ experience of school fundraising. I also explore how participating in fundraising enables parents to meet neoliberal expectations of a “good parent” and how through their efforts to secure advantages for their children, fundraising parents are accomplices in the privatization of public education. I conclude by discussing possibilities for intervention into the social organization of school fundraising in TDSB schools.
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Merrens, Roy. "Port Authorities as Urban Land Developers." Articles 17, no. 2 (August 6, 2013): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017654ar.
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Port authorities have been important presences in Canada's port cities, playing major roles in determining the physical form and land-use functions of urban waterfront lands. Their formative roles warrant attention from scholars concerned with the city-building process in Canada. This study focuses upon one such body, The Toronto Harbour Commissioners, and how and why it has functioned as a land development agency. An analysis of the commissions Outer Harbour project between 1912 and 1968 shows the commissions central concern with land development: ostensibly presented as a harbour facility, the project was actually intended to be a key component in the commissions proposed redevelopment of Toronto's central waterfront for profitable commercial and residential use. The project also reveals the significance of landfilling in the commissions urban development role, and, incidentally, explains the existence of the three-mile artificial headland projecting out into Lake Ontario from Toronto's waterfront. The role of the commission as a development agency is explained in terms of its original 1911 mandate, which in turn reflects the intentions of the Toronto Board of Trade, the body that had led the drive to create the commission.
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Chan, T. W., J. R. Brook, G. J. Smallwood, and G. Lu. "Time-resolved measurements of black carbon light absorption enhancement in urban and near-urban locations of Southern Ontario, Canada." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 8 (August 24, 2010): 19939–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-19939-2010.
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Abstract. In this study a photoacoustic spectrometer (PA), a laser-induced incandescence instrument system (LII) and an aerosol mass spectrometer were operated in parallel for in situ measurements of black carbon (BC) light absorption enhancement. Results of a thermodenuder experiment using ambient particles in Toronto are presented first to show that LII measurements of BC are not influenced by particle coating while the PA response is enhanced and also that the nature of this enhancement is influenced by particle morphology. Comparisons of ambient PA and LII measurements at four different locations (suburban Toronto; a street canyon with heavy diesel bus traffic in Ottawa; adjacent to a commuter highway in Ottawa and; regional background air in and around Windsor, Ontario), show that the different meteorological conditions and atmospheric processes result in different particle light absorption enhancement and hence the specific attenuation coefficient (SAC). Depending upon location of measurement and the BC spherule diameter (primary particle size – PPS) measurement from the LII, the SAC varies from 2.6±0.04 to 22.5±0.7 m2 g−1. Observations from this study also show the active surface area of the BC aggregate, inferred from PPS, is an important parameter for inferring the degree of particle collapse of a BC particle. The predictability of the overall BC light absorption enhancement in the atmosphere depends not only on the coating mass but also on the source of the BC and on our ability to predict or measure the change in particle morphology as particles evolve.
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Eyles, N., and K. W. F. Howard. "A hydrochemical study of urban landslides caused by heavy rain: Scarborough Bluffs, Ontario, Canada." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 25, no. 3 (August 1, 1988): 455–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t88-051.
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Scarborough Bluffs is a 15 km long stretch of the Lake Ontario shoreline east of downtown Toronto. This heavily urbanized area currently represents Canada's most serious erosion problem. The worst affected zone is 1.5 km long and lies along South Marine Drive where 50 m high bluffs are failing by shallow retrogressive failures of jointed glacial clays over underlying deltaic sands and clays. The erosion rate is about four times that for the coastline as a whole.Heavy rains in the Toronto area in August and September 1986 produced a spate of slope failures and mud flows. Particularly heavy storms on September 10 and 29 triggered extensive retrogressive slope failures at South Marine Drive. Hydrochemical investigations of discharge waters suggest that slope failure was caused by surface runoff on the bluff top recharging lower slope areas by infiltration through joints in the upper clay capping. Discharge of water from the lower slope is impeded by less permeable barriers in the deltaic stratigraphy at the site and by a cover of clayey slope debris. Data suggest that provision for adequate drainage of the bluff top, by interceptor drains, is a prerequisite for controlling slope behaviour in the area. Key words: slopes, erosion, groundwater, hydrochemical, recharge, drainage.
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Mullally, Sasha. "Health Care Practitioners: An Ontario Study in Policy-Making Patricia O'ReillyHealth Care Practitioners: An Ontario Study in Policy-Making Patricia O'Reilly Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1998, 432 p., $24.95." Canadian Bulletin of Medical History 19, no. 1 (April 2002): 293–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cbmh.19.1.293.
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Gad, Gunter, and Deryck W. Holdsworth. "Looking Inside The Skyscraper: Size and Occupancy of Toronto Office Buildings, 1890-1950." Articles 16, no. 2 (August 8, 2013): 176–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017788ar.
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Although the emergence of skyscrapers as a distinctive element in the downtown fabric symbolizes economic change and progress, research questions surrounding their appearance need to go beyond merely noting their height and facade detail. Using case studies in Toronto, Ontario, this paper investigates more useful measures such as floor space, tenancies, and employment levels that have been calculated for several generations of office buildings. The possibilities and limitations of fire insurance atlases, assessment rolls, street directories, and company records are examined. The case studies suggest the interrelatedness of forces at work in shaping office-district landscapes.
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Anderson, Conor I., and William A. Gough. "Evolution of Winter Temperature in Toronto, Ontario, Canada: A Case Study of Winters 2013/14 and 2014/15." Journal of Climate 30, no. 14 (July 2017): 5361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-16-0562.1.
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Globally, 2014 and 2015 were the two warmest years on record. At odds with these global records, eastern Canada experienced pronounced annual cold anomalies in both 2014 and 2015, especially during the 2013/14 and 2014/15 winters. This study sought to contextualize these cold winters within a larger climate context in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Toronto winter temperatures (maximum Tmax, minimum Tmin, and mean Tmean) for the 2013/14 and 2014/15 seasons were ranked among all winters for three periods: 1840/41–2015 (175 winters), 1955/56–2015 (60 winters), and 1985/86–2015 (30 winters), and the average warming trend for each temperature metric during these three periods was analyzed using the Mann–Kendall test and Thiel–Sen slope estimation. The winters of 2013/14 and 2014/15 were the 34th and 36th coldest winters in Toronto since record-keeping began in 1840; however these events are much rarer, relatively, over shorter periods of history. Overall, Toronto winter temperatures have warmed considerably since winter 1840/41. The Mann–Kendall analysis showed statistically significant monotonic trends in winter Tmax, Tmin, and Tmean over the last 175 and 60 years. These trends notwithstanding, there has been no clear signal in Toronto winter temperature since 1985/86. However, there was a statistically significant increase in the diurnal temperature range in that period, indicating an expansion of winter extremes. It is proposed that the possible saturation of urban heat island–related warming in Toronto may partially explain this increase in variation. Also, anomalies in the position of the polar jet stream over Toronto during these cold events are identified. No direct influence of major teleconnections on Toronto winter temperature is found.
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EIDELMAN, GABRIEL. "Managing Urban Sprawl in Ontario: Good Policy or Good Politics?" Politics & Policy 38, no. 6 (November 11, 2010): 1211–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2010.00275.x.
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Fang, Cuilian, Cheol H. Jeong, and Greg J. Evans. "Urban Air Quality: Assessing Traffiffic and Building Architecture Impacts using Portable Measuring Devices in Toronto, Ontario." STEM Fellowship Journal 5, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.17975/sfj-2019-004.
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Vehicle emissions are one of the largest local contributors to poor urban air quality. High emissions are often associated with traffic congestion, and pollution may also become trapped between tall buildings creating a street canyon effect. The spatial variability of traffic-related air pollutants in microenvironments should be considered in evaluating changes in urban planning. This study focuses on assessing the air quality and commuter exposure in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, specifically focusing on the effect of the King Street Pilot Project on local urban air quality by reducing traffic. Increased vehicular density is expected to contribute to higher urban pollution levels and tall buildings may trap these contaminants. Field measurements were made within the King Street Pilot area during weekday rush hours to capture the best representation of peak activity and pollutant levels when there were similar average wind speeds and directions for the sampling dates. A suite of portable devices was carried along predesigned and timed routes through traffic dense areas to measure vehicle-related air pollutants including black carbon (BC), ultrafine particles (UFP, particles smaller than 0.1 μm), and particulate matter (PM2.5, particles smaller than 2.5 μm). Data was normalized, corrected and analyzed using centralized pollutant while considering meteorological site measurements located about 1.5 km away from the study area. Results indicated higher BC and UFP levels during peak commuting times between 8 am to 10 am and relatively increased pollution levels within the area of tall buildings versus the area with shorter buildings. Strong spatial variations of BC and UFP were found, while PM2.5 levels remained relatively constant in the downtown area. Elevated levels of BC and UFP were observed around nearby construction sites. This study contributes to establishing a baseline to evaluate the King Street Pilot Project’s air quality impact as well as proposing potential methods of detailed data collection within microenvironments to observe the air quality of urban centres.
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Anderson, Vidya, William A. Gough, Matej Zgela, Dragan Milosevic, and Jelena Dunjic. "Lowering the Temperature to Increase Heat Equity: A Multi-Scale Evaluation of Nature-Based Solutions in Toronto, Ontario, Canada." Atmosphere 13, no. 7 (June 28, 2022): 1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13071027.
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Nature-based solutions (NbS) present an opportunity to reduce rising temperatures and the urban heat island effect. A multi-scale study in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, evaluates the effect of NbS on air and land surface temperature through two field campaigns at the micro and meso scales, using in situ measurements and LANDSAT imagery. This research demonstrates that the application of NbS in the form of green infrastructure has a beneficial impact on urban climate regimes with measurable reductions in air and land surface temperatures. Broad implementation of green infrastructure is a sustainable solution to improve the urban climate, enhance heat and greenspace equity, and increase resilience.
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Burr, Christina. "Timothy W. Cobban, Cities of Oil: Municipalities and Petroleum Manufacturing in Southern Ontario, 1860–1960. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2013. Pp. 172. Maps." Urban History Review 43, no. 1 (2014): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1030807ar.
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Perera, Nandana, Bahram Gharabaghi, Peter Noehammer, and Bruce Kilgour. "Road Salt Application in Highland Creek Watershed, Toronto, Ontario - Chloride Mass Balance." Water Quality Research Journal 45, no. 4 (November 1, 2010): 451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2010.044.
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Abstract Occurrence of increasing chloride concentrations in urban streams of cold climates, mainly due to road salt application, has raised concerns on its adverse effects on aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, there is a need for a better understanding of processes associated with road salt application and subsequent discharge into the environment in order to develop management practices to minimize detrimental effects of chlorides. The chloride mass analysis for the Highland Creek watershed based on four years of hourly monitoring data indicates that approximately 60% of the chlorides applied on the watershed enter streams prior to subsequent salting period, 85% of which occurs during the period between November and March. Contribution of private de-icing operations on chloride mass input within Highland Creek watershed was estimated to be approximately 38%, indicating its significance in overall chloride mass balance. Salt application rates, as well as chloride output in the streams, vary spatially based on land use, influencing chloride concentrations in surface waters. The estimated groundwater chloride concentration of 275 mg/L indicates that some aquatic organisms in Highland Creek would potentially be at risk even outside the winter period under dry weather flow conditions.
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Lyon, Craig, Anwar Haq, Bhagwant Persaud, and Steven T. Kodama. "Safety Performance Functions for Signalized Intersections in Large Urban Areas." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1908, no. 1 (January 2005): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105190800120.
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This paper describes the development of safety performance functions (SPFs) for 1,950 urban signalized intersections on the basis of 5 years of collision data in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Because Toronto has one of the largest known, readily accessible, urban signalized intersection databases, it was possible to develop reliable, widely applicable SPFs for different intersection classifications, collision severities, and impact types. Such a comprehensive set of SPFs is not available for urban signalized intersections from data for a single jurisdiction, despite the considerable recent interest in use of these functions for analyses related to network screening, and the development, prioritization, and evaluation of treatments. The application of a straightforward recalibration process requiring relatively little data means that the SPFs calibrated can be used by researchers and practitioners for other jurisdictions for which these functions do not exist and are unlikely to exist for some time. The value of the functions is illustrated in an application to evaluate a topical safety measure—left-turn priority treatment for which existing knowledge is on a shaky foundation. The results of this empirical Bayes evaluation show that this treatment is quite effective for reducing collisions, particularly those involving left-turn side impacts.
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Morsink, W. A. G., R. M. U. Ubbens, J. R. Pickering, R. G. Perkins, and P. A. Lewis-Watts. "An Urban Forestry Strategy For Ontario." Forestry Chronicle 65, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 97–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc65097-2.
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An urban forestry strategy is presented for Ontario, in response to a growing need to manage for viable and healthy urban vegetation. Urban forestry is about planning and managing existing and/or new treed vegetation of all types and associated wildlife, to establish attractive urban habitats, using systematic forestry-like approaches and environmental principles, in combination with arboricultural and modified silvicultural techniques. Urban forestry managers, having various educational backgrounds, are increasingly becoming involved in managing our urban forest, our habitat.Currently, there is no educational institution that totally prepares students for a career in urban forestry. As a result, people entering this field do so on an ad hoc basis, having various educational backgrounds, which do not cover all aspects of urban forestry management. A second problem is the limited awareness of various levels of government that systematic urban forestry management for densely populated areas is a growing need.Factors contributing to the need for urban forestry management, as well as obstacles to establishing such programs, are discussed. The urban forest, its managers, the content of programs and experience in the USA are outlined. Proposed actions include:1 development of a provincial policy, through the enlargement of the private land forestry program to initiate and support urban forestry programs;2 evaluation of the feasibility of having conservation authorities include urban forestry in their mandate;3 establishment of an umbrella-type diploma course administered by an educational institution; and4 establishment of an urban forestry chair at a university with cross appointments in forestry, planning and/or landscape architecture. Key Words : Urban forestry programs, options and alternatives for Ontario communities.
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Chan, T. W., J. R. Brook, G. J. Smallwood, and G. Lu. "Time-resolved measurements of black carbon light absorption enhancement in urban and near-urban locations of southern Ontario, Canada." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 20 (October 20, 2011): 10407–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-10407-2011.
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Abstract. In this study a photoacoustic spectrometer (PA), a laser-induced incandescence instrument system (LII) and an Aerosol Mass Spectrometer were operated in parallel for in-situ measurements of black carbon (BC) light absorption enhancement. Results of a thermodenuder experiment using ambient particles in Toronto are presented first to show that LII measurements of BC are not influenced by the presence of non-refractory material thus providing true atmospheric BC mass concentrations. In contrast, the PA response is enhanced when the non-refractory material is internally mixed with the BC particles. Through concurrent measurements using the LII and PA the specific absorption cross-section (SAC) can be quantified with high time resolution (1 min). Comparisons of ambient PA and LII measurements from four different locations (suburban Toronto; a street canyon with diesel bus traffic in Ottawa; adjacent to a commuter highway in Ottawa and; regional background air in and around Windsor, Ontario), show that different impacts from emission sources and/or atmospheric processes result in different particle light absorption enhancements and hence variations in the SAC. The diversity of measurements obtained, including those with the thermodenuder, demonstrated that it is possible to identify measurements where the presence of externally-mixed non-refractory particles obscures direct observation of the effect of coating material on the SAC, thus allowing this effect to be measured with more confidence. Depending upon the time and location of measurement (urban, rural, close to and within a lake breeze frontal zone), 30 min average SAC varies between 9 ± 2 and 43 ± 4 m2 g−1. Causes of this variation, which were determined through the use of meteorological and gaseous measurements (CO, SO2, O3), include the particle emission source, airmass source region, the degree of atmospheric processing. Observations from this study also show that the active surface area of the BC aggregate, which is measured by the LII as the PPS, is an important parameter for inferring the degree of particle collapse of a BC particle. In addition, PPS could be a useful measurement for indicating the importance of recently emitted BC (e.g. from gasoline or diesel engines) relative to the total measured BC in the atmosphere.
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Arangio, Andrea M., Pourya Shahpoury, Ewa Dabek-Zlotorzynska, and Athanasios Nenes. "Seasonal Aerosol Acidity, Liquid Water Content and Their Impact on Fine Urban Aerosol in SE Canada." Atmosphere 13, no. 7 (June 23, 2022): 1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos13071012.
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This study explores the drivers of aerosol pH and their impact on the inorganic fraction and mass of aerosol in the S.E. Canadian urban environments of Hamilton and Toronto, Ontario. We find that inter-seasonal pH variability is mostly driven by temperature changes, which cause variations of up to one pH unit. Wintertime acidity is reduced, compared to summertime values. Because of this, the response of aerosol to precursors fundamentally changes between seasons, with a strong sensitivity of aerosol mass to levels of HNO3 in the wintertime. Liquid water content (LWC) fundamentally influences the aerosol sensitivity to NH3 and HNO3 levels. In the summertime, organic aerosol is mostly responsible for the LWC at Toronto, and ammonium sulfate for Hamilton; in the winter, LWC was mostly associated with ammonium nitrate at both sites. The combination of pH and LWC in the two sites also affects N dry deposition flux; NO3− fluxes were comparable between the two sites, but NH3 deposition flux at Toronto is almost twice what was seen in Hamilton; from November to March N deposition flux slows down leading to an accumulation of N as NO3− in the particle phase and an increase in PM2.5 levels. Given the higher aerosol pH in Toronto, aerosol masses at this site are more sensitive to the emission of HNO3 precursors compared to Hamilton. For both sites, NOx emissions should be better regulated to improve air quality during winter; this is specifically important for the Toronto site as it is thermodynamically more sensitive to the emissions of HNO3 precursors.
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Seburn, David C. "Distribution of the exotic Pond Slider (Trachemys scripta) in Ontario." Canadian Field-Naturalist 129, no. 4 (January 30, 2016): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v129i4.1756.
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The Pond Slider (Trachemys scripta) is a turtle native to the eastern United States, but, because of its popularity in the pet trade, it now occurs in many countries around the world as a result of escapes and the release of unwanted pets. The distribution of the Pond Slider in Ontario is reviewed based on 393 records obtained from various sources. Sliders have been reported from 130 spatially distinct sites in 35 districts. The Toronto area accounts for 67% of records, and more than 80% of reports are from urban areas. Pond Slider reports date back to the 1950s, but 63% of records are from 2010 or later. Sliders have been observed in Ontario during all months of the year except December. Sliders have bred in Ontario, but the spatial extent of successful reproduction remains unknown.
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Hachem, Laureen D., George Kourtis, Swapna Mylabathula, and Charles H. Tator. "Experience with Canada’s First Policy on Concussion Education and Management in Schools." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 43, no. 4 (May 4, 2016): 554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2016.41.
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AbstractBackground: In response to the rising incidence of concussions among children and adolescents, the province of Ontario recently introduced the Ontario Policy/Program Memorandum on Concussions (PPM No. 158) requiring school boards to develop a concussion protocol. As this is the first policy of its kind in Canada, the impact of the PPM is not yet known. Methods: An electronic survey was sent to all high school principals in the Toronto District School Board 1 year after announcement of the PPM. Questions covered extent of student, parent, and staff concussion education along with concussion management protocols. Results: Of 109 high school principals contacted, 39 responded (36%). Almost all schools provided concussion education to students (92%), with most education delivered through physical education classes. Nearly all schools had return to play (92%) and return to learn (77%) protocols. Although 85% of schools educated staff on concussions, training was aimed at individuals involved in sports/physical education. Only 43.6% of schools delivered concussion education to parents, and many principals requested additional resources in this area. Conclusions: One year after announcement of the PPM, high schools in the Toronto District School Board implemented significant student concussion education programs and management protocols. Staff training and parent education required further development. A series of recommendations are provided to aid in future concussion policy development.
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Fraser, Alison. "Urban Prophets: Creating Graffiti as a Means of Negotiating the Constructs of Urban Public Spaces." Stream: Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication 7, no. 2 (May 4, 2016): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21810/strm.v7i2.128.
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For this examination, graffiti and neo-graffiti have been compared to public art in order to reveal the ideological constructions of urban public spaces. How does graffiti interact with the construction of urban public spaces? How is graffiti similar to and different from public art? Which of these art forms better represents the public and city living? By comparing public art to (neo)graffiti in Toronto, Ontario and Los Angeles, California, the gendered, racialized, and class-based exclusions present in R. Florida's (2002) creative cities framework as theorized by authors such as N. Smith (1996), Sharon Zukin (1996), and G. Standing (2011) can be revealed. Urban public spaces are carefully shaped by those in control, the government and corporations, with the intention of creating spaces and citizens within those spaces that can be a functioning part of their neoliberal capitalist system. Graffiti and neo-graffiti act as a visual interruption to this system, which in turn can be thought of as physically represented by public art. In this way (neo)graffiti is created by a minority of citizens with the hopes of reclaiming their right to exist in urban public spaces despite layers of ideological exclusions.For this examination, graffiti and neo-graffiti have been compared to public art in order to reveal the ideological constructions of urban public spaces. How does graffiti interact with the construction of urban public spaces? How is graffiti similar to and different from public art? Which of these art forms better represents the public and city living? By comparing public art (neo)graffiti in Toronto, Ontario and Los Angeles California, the racialized and class-based exclusions present in R. Florida’s (2002) creative cities framework theorized by authors such as N. Smith (1996), Sharon Zukin (1996), and G. Standing (2011) can be revealed. Urban public spaces are carefully shaped by those in control (the government and corporations) with the intention of creating spaces and citizens within those spaces that can be a functioning part of their system. Graffiti and neo-graffiti act as a visual interruption to this system as represented by public art. In this way (neo)graffiti is created by a minority of citizens with the hopes of reclaiming their right to exist in urban public spaces despite the layers of exclusions.
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Blay-Palmer, Alison. "The Canadian Pioneer: The Genesis of Urban Food Policy in Toronto." International Planning Studies 14, no. 4 (November 2009): 401–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13563471003642837.
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Filion, Pierre. "Balancing Concentration and Dispersion? Public Policy and Urban Structure in Toronto." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 18, no. 2 (April 2000): 163–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c2m.
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By North American standards Toronto is a concentrated agglomeration. Its downtown has enjoyed spectacular growth since the 1960s; most inner-city neighbourhoods are perceived as desirable; and public transit patronage is high relative to that of same-size North American metropolitan regions. Still, it is within dispersed, car-oriented, suburbs that most post-1950 development has taken place. This agglomeration is composed of two realms—a concentrated and a dispersed realm—differentiated by their respective land-use-transportation dynamic. The concentrated realm is defined by a considerable reliance on walking and public transportation, a mixing of land uses and overall higher employment and residential densities than elsewhere in the metropolitan region. Meanwhile, the dispersed realm is car dependent, dominated by large monofunctional zones and developed at a relatively low density. The author links the coexistence and respective importance of these two realms in the Toronto agglomeration both to the nature of urban policies implemented since 1950 and to the circumstances that have led to their adoption. The construction of expressways, suburban type land-use planning, and a generous provision of open space have abetted dispersion. By contrast, the construction of a subway system and measures encouraging the redevelopment of underused land have promoted growth within the concentrated portion of the agglomeration. It is noteworthy, however, that these measures have failed in their attempts to induce concentration beyond the prewar urbanized perimeter. The author examines the positive and negative aspects of the presence of these two realms within a given agglomeration and highlights the threat newly adopted policies represent for the concentrated realm.
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Sahely, Halla R., Christopher A. Kennedy, and Barry J. Adams. "Developing sustainability criteria for urban infrastructure systems." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 32, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l04-072.
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Research in the area of sustainable urban infrastructure reflects the need to design and manage engineering systems in light of both environmental and socioeconomic considerations. A principal challenge for the engineer is the development of practical tools for measuring and enhancing the sustainability of urban infrastructure over its life cycle. The present study develops such a framework for the sustainability assessment of urban infrastructure systems. The framework focuses on key interactions and feedback mechanisms between infrastructure and surrounding environmental, economic, and social systems. One way of understanding and quantifying these interacting effects is through the use of sustainability criteria and indicators. A generic set of sustainability criteria and subcriteria and system-specific indicators is put forward. Selected indicators are quantified in a case study of the urban water system of the City of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.Key words: sustainable infrastructure, sustainability criteria and indicators, energy use, urban water systems.
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Jardine, Claire M., Nicol Janecko, Mike Allan, Patrick Boerlin, Gabhan Chalmers, Gosia Kozak, Scott A. McEwen, and Richard J. Reid-Smith. "Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Raccoons (Procyon lotor) in Southern Ontario, Canada." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 78, no. 11 (March 23, 2012): 3873–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00705-12.
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ABSTRACTWe conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in fecalEscherichia coliisolates from raccoons (Procyon lotor) living in Ontario, Canada. From June to October 2007, we trapped raccoons in three areas: one primarily urban site around Niagara, one primarily rural site north of Guelph, and one at the Toronto Zoo. In addition, we conducted a longitudinal study at the Toronto Zoo site to investigate the temporal dynamics of fecalE. coliand AMR in raccoons. Reduced susceptibility to ≥1 antimicrobial agent was detected inE. coliisolates from 19% of 16 raccoons at the urban site, 17% of 29 raccoons from the rural site, and 42% of 130 samples collected from 59 raccoons at the zoo site. Raccoons from the zoo site were significantly more likely to shedE. coliwith reduced susceptibility to ≥1 antimicrobial agent than animals from the rural site (odds ratio [OR], 3.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17 to 12.09;P= 0.02). Resistance to expanded-spectrum cephalosporins (and the associatedblaCMY-2gene) was detected in two animals from the zoo site and one animal from the rural site. Serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis show that raccoons on the zoo grounds harbor a diverse assemblage ofE. coli, with rapid bacterial turnover within individuals over time. Our study indicates that raccoons may shed resistant bacteria of public health significance and that raccoons have the potential to disseminate these bacteria throughout their environment.
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Bardekjian, Adrina, Michael Classens, and L. Anders Sandberg. "Reading the urban landscape: the case of a campus tour at York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada." Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences 2, no. 3 (July 21, 2012): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13412-012-0084-x.
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Baskin2, Cyndy. "Aboriginal Youth Talk About Structural Determinants as the Causes of Their Homelessness1." First Peoples Child & Family Review 14, no. 1 (August 31, 2020): 94–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1071289ar.
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This article explores structural determinants as possible causes of the homelessness of Aboriginal youth in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It includes a brief literature review and provides some of the findings of a recent research project, which implemented an Aboriginal research methodology with homeless youth in Toronto. These findings point to a strong link between Aboriginal children growing up in poverty and involvement in child welfare and becoming homeless as a youth. Suggestions for positive change at the policy-level are offered in order to prevent the next generation of Aboriginal children growing up to become homeless youth.
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Baskin, Cyndy. "Aboriginal Youth Talk about Structural Determinants as the Causes of their Homelessness." First Peoples Child & Family Review 3, no. 3 (May 19, 2020): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069395ar.
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This article explores structural determinants as possible causes of the homelessness of Aboriginal youth in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It includes a brief literature review and provides some of the findings of a recent research project, which implemented an Aboriginal research methodology with homeless youth in Toronto. These findings point to a strong link between Aboriginal children growing up in poverty and involvement in child welfare and becoming homeless as youth. Suggestions for positive change at the policy level are offered in order to prevent the next generation of Aboriginal children growing up to become homeless youth.
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Honzawa, Ayako, and Masato Dohi. "The policy linkage of the municipal and provincial government brought by the Food Policy Council in Toronto, Ontario." Journal of the City Planning Institute of Japan 53, no. 3 (October 25, 2018): 372–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.11361/journalcpij.53.372.
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Gazso, Amber. "Dueling discourses, power, and the construction of the recovering addict: When social assistance confronts addiction in Toronto, Canada." Critical Social Policy 40, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 130–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0261018319839158.
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In this article, I undertake a critical discourse analysis of policy documents and in-depth interviews with seven caseworkers and 28 benefit recipients to explore how two discourses, ‘work first’ and ‘distance from the labour market,’ inform how persons living with addiction access and then experience social assistance in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Drawing in Foucauldian insights on power, I reveal the conceptualisation of benefit recipients’ eligibility for Ontario Works through these two discourses and how this is replete with ideological assumptions and disciplining power relations, constitutive of a subject position of ‘the recovering addict’, and suggestive of social control implications. I argue that the coercion and regulation of benefit recipients’ lives on Ontario Works has not disappeared but transmuted for Torontonians living with addiction, and conclude by considering the governance of this population as biopower.
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Haines, Charles. "Saddlemyer, Ann, ed. Early Stages: Theatre in Ontario 1800-1914. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1990. Pp. xiii, 413. 105 photographs & drawings. $40 (cloth); $17.95 (paper)." Urban History Review 20, no. 1 (1991): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1017566ar.
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