Dissertations / Theses: 'Urban policie'

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ALUSHI, ANILA. "Youth transition policies in Milan and Vienna: Urban context, institutions, and governance dynamics." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/368940.

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L'attuale periodo della storia umana può essere plausibilmente identificato come un'era globale e un'era urbana. Pertanto, questa tesi cerca di comprendere le dinamiche tra le politiche di transizione giovanile e le configurazioni istituzionali poiché l'organizzazione e le pratiche sociali stanno cambiando e le possibilità di vita e le transizioni dei giovani sono profondamente influenzate dalle condizioni macroeconomiche, dalle strutture istituzionali e dal contesto sociale. Il processo di urbanizzazione è considerato essenziale per spiegare i macro cambiamenti nelle società capitalistiche secondo l'approccio neo-Marxista. Inoltre, si vuole combinare questo approccio con il neo-Weberiano che considera la città come un'intera società locale e un importante attore politico. Questo approccio fa pensare che l'urbanizzazione accelerata del mondo accentui i processi di convergenza, alimenti la circolazione di modelli e allo stesso tempo stimoli la differenziazione su scale diverse. Per questo motivo la città è considerata una scala cruciale ed una entità istituzionale. Attraverso un'approfondita revisione della letteratura, l'attenzione si concentra sulla comprensione di come le pratiche organizzative, sociali e istituzionali sono influenzate dalla recessione economica, dal cambiamento delle aspettative sociali e dal cambiamento dell'ambiente socio-economico e politico. Altrettanto importante analizzare come stanno cambiando gli incentivi e i disincentivi nell'istruzione e nella formazione sulla base del concetto di attivazione e investimento sociale. L'analisi si basa su un approccio case-oriented che è considerato il più adatto ad abbracciare la complessità nell'esame di ogni caso come un insieme complesso di relazioni con esiti distintivi trattati come singolarità. Quindi abbiamo selezionato due città Milano e Vienna, attraverso molteplici lenti di analisi, e ne abbiamo evidenziato il contesto in stretto rapporto e interazione con l'architettura istituzionale. Questa interconnessione e interazione attraverso le politiche di transizione giovanile e le configurazioni istituzionali incorporate in un contesto particolare come quello di una città sono in primo luogo, un modo per andare oltre il nazionalismo metodologico e, in secondo luogo, per concentrarsi sui loro risultati che sono la riforma e la riprogettazione di vari accordi istituzionali. Dopo aver inserito queste politiche all'interno di un'architettura socio-economica e istituzionale, la tesi sottolinea alcune caratteristiche ed elementi che si concentrano su processi storici cruciali, adottando la struttura dell'istituzionalismo discorsivo per evidenziare come il contenuto sostanziale delle idee e il processo interattivo del discorso possono portarci oltre e spiegare le dinamiche di cambiamento nell'ambiente e nelle condizioni in cui le politiche per la transizione giovanile vengono implementate
The current period of human history can plausibly be identified as a global and urban era. Therefore, this thesis seeks to understand the dynamics between youth transition policies and institutional configurations since organization and social practices are changing, and young people's life chances and transitions are profoundly affected by macroeconomic conditions, institutional structures, and social background. The urbanization process is considered essential for explaining the macro changes in capitalistic societies under the neo-Marxist approach. Furthermore, we intend to combine this approach with the neo-Weberian, which considers the city as a whole local society and an important political actor. This approach makes it possible to think that the accelerated urbanization of the world emphasize the processes of convergence, provide for the circulation of models and at the same time stimulates differentiation on different scales. For this reason, the city is considered a crucial scale and institutional entity. Through an in-depth literature review, the focus is on understanding how organizational, social, and institutional practices are affected by the economic downturn, changing social expectations, and changing the socio-economic and political environment. Equally important analysing how the incentives and disincentives in education and training are changing based on the concept of activation and social investment. The analysis is based on a case-oriented approach which is considered the most suitable to embrace complexity in examining each case as a complex set of relationships with distinctive outcomes treated as singularities. Then we selected two cities Milan and Vienna, through multiple lenses of analysis, and highlight their context in strict relationship and interaction with the institutional architecture. This interlink and interaction through youth transition policies and institutional configurations embedded in a particular context such as that of a city are first, a way for moving beyond the ‘methodological nationalism’, and secondly, for focusing on their outcomes which are the reforming and redesigning of various institutional arrangements. After placing these policies within a socio-economic and institutional architecture, the thesis emphasizes some characteristics and elements that focus on crucial historical processes, adopting the discursive institutionalism framework for highlighting how the substantive content of ideas and the interactive process of discourse can take us beyond to explain dynamics of change in environment and in the conditions for the youth transition policies implementation.

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DODARO, MARIA. "Active Cities for Activation Policies. Entrepreneurship support and young people in Milan and Barcelona." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/241267.

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La tesi ha come oggetto di studio le politiche comunali di supporto all’imprenditorialità. In particolare, mette a confronto le politiche promosse dalle città di Milano e Barcellona e le esperienze di giovani fino a trentacinque anni di età. Il quadro interpretativo attinge, da un lato, agli studi sulle politiche e la governance urbana di impronta neo-Marxiana e neo-Weberiana e, dall’altro, alla letteratura socioeconomica e alla documentazione istituzionale teoricamente rilevante sull’imprenditorialità anche nella cornice degli studi sulla riorganizzazione del welfare. Da questa letteratura sono emersi due macro-approcci analitici. Il primo mette in evidenza la convergenza verso modelli di governance e di welfare neoliberali improntati alle esigenze del mercato e della competitività a discapito della coesione sociale. Un trend di cui le politiche per l’imprenditorialità sembrano costituire un esempio paradigmatico. Il secondo, mette a fuoco le peculiarità della città Europea e la tenuta del compromesso tra crescita e inclusione sociale che la caratterizzerebbe, sostenendo la tesi opposta della differenza tra le città e della divergenza rispetto alle logiche neoliberali. In questo quadro, la ricerca ha messo al centro dell’analisi le differenze locali, il ruolo dei governi urbani e la loro capacità di governare le trasformazioni socioeconomiche e politiche in corso, e inoltre gli effetti in termini di redistribuzione di rischi e opportunità tra i destinatari delle azioni. Per farlo, si è avvalsa di un approccio interpretativo, una metodologia basata sullo studio di caso e sulla tecnica dell’intervista, e un’analisi comparativa, che mette al centro dello studio le differenze e i relativi fattori di influenza. Dopo aver situato l’oggetto di studio all’interno delle condizioni socioeconomiche e istituzionali che caratterizzano i due contesti, e sulla base dei risultati emersi, la tesi mette a fuoco, innanzitutto, l’eterogeneità che caratterizza le diverse dimensioni di policy. Queste includono idee e valori, problemi, obiettivi, misure e strumenti, nonché le esperienze dei giovani beneficiari intervistati. Infine, mette in evidenza il modo in cui orientamenti politici, paradigmi di policy locali, eredità istituzionali e sistemi di governance interagiscono per dare forma a specifici e differenti approcci alle politiche di supporto all’imprenditorialità nelle due città, e come queste influenzano la capacità di governare i cambiamenti e alternare la distribuzione dei rischi e delle opportunità tra i partecipanti.
The thesis deals with municipal entrepreneurship support policies (MESPs) through a comparison between the actions undertaken in this field by the municipalities of Milan and Barcelona and the experiences of young people up to thirty-five years of age. The theoretical framework has brought together the neo-Marxian and neo-Weberian approaches to urban policies and governance, and the socio-economic literature and theoretically valuable institutional documentation on entrepreneurship, also in the framework of welfare changes. Two analytical macro approaches emerged from this literature. The first highlights the convergence towards neoliberal governance and welfare models, oriented towards market and competitiveness at the expense of social cohesion. A trend of which the policies for entrepreneurship seem to constitute a paradigmatic example. The second one focuses on the peculiarities of the European city and on the compromise between growth and social inclusion that would characterise it, supporting the opposite thesis of the persistent difference between cities and of the divergence from the neoliberal logic. Against this background, the research focused on local differences and the role of municipal governments and their capacity to govern socio-economic and political changes. Besides, attention has been paid to the experiences of young people and policy outcomes in terms of redistribution of risks and opportunities. The analysis avails itself of an interpretative approach, a methodology based on the case study and the technique of the interview, and a comparative logic, which puts the differences and the related factors of influence at the centre of the study. After having placed MESPs within the socio-economic and institutional conditions of the two contexts, and given research findings, the thesis focused on the heterogeneity characterising different dimensions of MESPs. These include ideas and values, problems, objectives, measures and tools and outcomes. It highlighted how politics, institutional legacies, localised policy paradigms and governance arrangements interplay to shape specific and diverse local approaches to MESPs, thus affecting the capacity of city governments to govern socio-economic changes and to alter the unequal distribution of risks and opportunities for participants.

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Guinote, José Carlos dos Santos. "Desenvolvimento urbano, justiça espacial e o papel da política de habitação e de solos." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Arquitetura, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18526.

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Tese de Doutoramento em Urbanismo, com a especialização em Urbanismo apresentada na Faculdade de Arquitetura da Universidade de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Doutor.
O objectivo desta investigação é estudar a relação estabelecida em Portugal desde a segunda metade do século XX entre desenvolvimento urbano e justiça espacial. Recorremos para tal a uma análise crítica sobre a articulação entre Política de Solos (PS) e Política de Habitação (PH), inquirindo sobre a relação que se estabelece - ou não - entre estas políticas públicas e qual o seu impacto no determinar do carácter mais ou menos justo do padrão de desenvolvimento urbano nacional. Através desta investigação visamos contribuir para a ilustração pormenorizada e factual do posicionamento do Estado Português perante a questão das mais-valias urbanísticas e determinar quais as consequências desse posicionamento. Em detalhe, queremos compreender qual o papel desempenhado pelo controlo público das mais-valias urbanísticas na articulação entre as Políticas de Solos e de Habitação e investigar a forma como evoluíram, ao longo do período histórico em análise, os diferentes mecanismos da sua geração e captura. Para atingir estes objectivos recorremos a uma análise a dois níveis. A um nível macro, com vista à produção de uma matriz contextualizadora, efectuámos uma análise comparativa de Portugal com outros países em que a captura das mais-valias urbanísticas se concretiza de forma diferente. A um nível micro, centrámos a nossa investigação num município particular da AML, Alcochete, para efectuar uma análise de pormenor com vista a ilustrar os processo técnicos e políticos que definem o padrão vigente de captura de mais-valias urbanísticas. Sustentada metodologicamente na análise documental dos documentos estratégicos prospectivos e instrumentos de gestão territorial dos territórios em análise, documentação de suporte à tomada de decisão política sobre a matéria em análise, entrevistas com decisores políticos e técnicos municipais, esta investigação pretendeu, para além de dar resposta às questões fundacionais identificadas, avançar propostas específicas que potenciem a política de ordenamento do território como factor de progresso e de promoção de uma maior justiça social e espacial.
ABSTRACT: The objective of this research is to study the relationship established in Portugal, since the second half of the 20th Century, between urban development and spatial justice. We used a critical analysis of the relationship between Land Policy (PS) and Housing Policy (PH), questioning the relationship between these public policies and what their impact is in determining the fairness and inclusiveness of the national pattern of urban development. Through this research we aim to contribute to the detailed empirical illustration of the position of the Portuguese State towards the issue of urban development and determine the consequences of this positioning. In detail, we want to understand the role played by the public control of urban development gains in the articulation between Land and Housing Policies and to investigate how the different mechanisms of these gains generation and capture have evolved over the historical period under review. To achieve these objectives we have used a two-level analysis. At a macro level, with a view to producing a contextualising matrix, we have made a comparative analysis of Portugal with other countries where the capture of urban development gains materializes differently. At a micro level, we focused our research in a private municipality of AML, Alcochete, to carry out a detailed analysis to illustrate the technical and political processes that define the current pattern of capture of urban value added. Methodologically supported by a documental analysis of the prospective strategic documents and territorial management instruments of the territories under review, the documentation that supported political decision-making on the subject under analysis, interviews with political decision-makers and municipal technicians, this research aimed, in addition to responding to the foundational issues identified, to advance specific proposals that can potentially strengthen Planning policies role as a factor of progress and the promotion of greater social and spatial justice.
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Ruiz, Vasquez J. C. "Colombian police policy : police and urban policing, 1991-2006." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:3fc1cf23-5246-4919-978a-6aee375b9a69.

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The purpose of this research is to analyze Colombian police policy with particular reference to the police and urban policing after the promulgation of the Constitution of 1991. This study examines how the Constitution of 1991 has impacted on the configuration, professionalization and institutionalization of the Colombian police. This dissertation concludes that the new Constitution of 1991 was crucial in transforming an insignificant organization into a noteworthy public institution with its own corporate aims and ethos and a certain autonomy regarding the government, parties, ministries and the military. This research is divided into three main parts. The first one will focus on the police as a structure emphasizing the process of formation, development and institutionalization. It dissects the police structure into five aspects: historical configuration, structural organization, personnel, expenditure and controls. This part shows that the current importance of the police in the Colombian institutional landscape in terms of international aid, personnel and budget increase and public exposure has no precedents prior to 1991.The second part will be devoted to the study of the organizational life of the police force stressing the role played by high-ranking officers in improving the image of the police and, more importantly, in creating a vigorous institution difficult to control from outside, but at the same time, not easy to manage internally as a consequence of the distinction existing between high-ranking and low-ranking officers. The final part of this work examines urban and community policing in large urban areas taking the case of Bogotá. It focuses on the role played by the police in its implementation, successes and failures, concluding that the reluctance of the police to adopt these programmes of policing has limited their productive effects on the actual job and indeed the whole organization.

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Morales, Luciana Pinho. "CENÃRIOS DA VIOLÃNCIA: ANÃLISE ESTÃTICO-NARRATIVA DO TELEJORNAL POLICIAL BARRA PESADA." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2014. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12864.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
Esta dissertaÃÃo analisa a dimensÃo estÃtica das narrativas sobre a violÃncia urbana apresentada pelo programa policial cearense Barra Pesada, tendo como objetivo compreender os repertÃrios simbÃlicos e sistemas classificatÃrios veiculados nas imagens, palavras e sons deste noticiÃrio. A investigaÃÃo de uma amostra de programas gravados, relativa ao perÃodo de um ano (Junho de 2012 a Julho de 2013), permitiu constatar a forma como as ocorrÃncias violentas e seus protagonistas sÃo apresentados pela mÃdia, discutindo o papel da televisÃo no processo de construÃÃo social do fenÃmeno da violÃncia urbana. Para analisar textos e imagens em movimento foi utilizada uma combinaÃÃo de tÃcnicas de pesquisa conhecida como âEtnografia de Telaâ, apoiada em procedimentos prÃprios da pesquisa antropolÃgica, tais como a longa imersÃo em campo, a ferramenta do diÃrio de campo e o recurso da observaÃÃo sistemÃtica extenuante; na crÃtica cinematogrÃfica; e na anÃlise do discurso. Essas tÃcnicas possibilitaram a anÃlise de uma coletÃnea de imagens, palavras e sons, e de suas significaÃÃes simbÃlicas veiculadas pelo telejornal estudado, mantendo um diÃlogo constante entre a anÃlise do verbal e do nÃo verbal. Nessa pesquisa, foi possÃvel verificar que a cobertura jornalÃstica nÃo apenas descreve as aÃÃes referentes Ã violÃncia urbana, mas tambÃm Ã parte integrante dos fenÃmenos e dramas sociais que se desenvolvem em decorrÃncia da notÃcia. Observou-se que o programa Barra Pesada busca legitimaÃÃo para atuar, nÃo apenas como um colaborador das agÃncias formais de controle, mas como um mecanismo alternativo de controle social e de justiÃa, reafirmando valores morais, oferecendo receitas de coesÃo social e propondo soluÃÃes para conter o avanÃo da violÃncia urbana e da inseguranÃa pÃblica.
This dissertation analyses the aesthetic dimension of narratives about urban violence presented by the police program âBarra Pesadaâ in the state of CearÃ, Brazil, aiming to understand the symbolic repertoires and the classification systems conveyed in the images, words and sounds of this newscast. The investigation of a recorded program sample, related to one-year period (June 2012 to July 2013), allowed to verify how the violent events and their protagonists are presented by the media, discussing the role of television in the social construction process of the urban violence phenomenon. To analyze text and motion pictures was utilized a combination of researching techniques, known as âEthnography of the Screenâ,supported by specific anthropological research procedures, such as the long immersion on the field, the tool of field diary and the resource of extenuating systematic observation; in cinematography critic; and in discourse analysis. These techniques allowed the analysis of a collection of images, words and sounds, and their symbolic meanings conveyed by the TV program studied, maintaining a constant dialogue between the analysis of the verbal and the nonverbal. In this research, it was possible verify that the media coverage not only describes the actions related to urban violence, but itâs also an integrant part of the phenomenon and the social dramas that are developed as a result of the news. It was observed that the program âBarra Pesadaâ look for legitimation to act, not only as a collaborator of formal control agencies, but as an alternative mechanism for social control and justice, reaffirming moral values, offering recipes for social cohesion and proposing solutions to contain the advance of urban violence and public insecurity.

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Woo, Myungje. "Impacts of urban containment policies on urban growth and structure." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1195263668.

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Pereira, Danilo Celso. "Cidade patrimônio: uma geografia das políticas públicas de preservação no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-22122015-101754/.

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As políticas públicas de preservação do patrimônio cultural brasileiro optaram pela salvaguarda de determinadas cidades em detrimento de outras. Desta forma, tem-se como objetivo nesta pesquisa discutir os espaços urbanos que o Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional vem acautelando, tendo como meta entender que cidade patrimônio é considerada de relevância para fazer parte do mosaico que pretende constituir a identidade nacional. Para atingir esse objetivo, analisaram-se as formas como o Estado concebe esses espaços das cidades, primeiramente como cidade-monumento, depois como cidade-histórica e cidade-documento, e, por fim, a partir de uma leitura proposta nesta pesquisa, como cidadeterritório. No que se refere à função das cidades, partiu-se da discussão proposta por Lefebvre (2008) para entender o processo de urbanização, compreendendo-as como política, mercantil ou industrial, representadas nesta pesquisa, respectivamente, pelos estudos de caso de Iguape (SP), Oeiras (PI) e Cataguases (MG). A partir desta análise foi possível constatar que o início do século XXI foi marcado por um esforço em redimensionar a presença do instituto em todo o país, buscando formar um conjunto coerente de cidades patrimônio capaz de concatenar a formação do território brasileiro. Contudo, mesmo com essa nova política, pode-se afirmar que no Brasil se tombou pouco, pois, diariamente, em todas as partes do país se perdem importantes sustentáculos de identidade cultural, sejam arquitetônicos, naturais ou ainda os suporte físicos das relações sociais cotidianas.
The public policies for the preservation of Brazilian cultural heritage have opted for the safeguard of some cities to the detriment of others. It is the purpose of this study, then, to discuss the urban areas that the National Institute of Historical and Artistic Heritage (Iphan) has cautioned, the goal being to understand which city heritage is relevant as a part of the mosaic that constitutes national identity. To achieve this objective, the ways in which the state perceives these areas of the cities were analyzed; first as city monuments, next as city histories and city documents, and finally as a view proposed in this study, as cities territories. In reference to the role of the cities, it has departed from the proposed argument by Lefebvre (2008) to understanding the process of urbanization as political, commercial, or industrial represented in this study, respectively, in the case studies of Iguape (SP), Oeiras (PI), and Cataguases (MG). From this analysis it can be stated that the beginning of the 21st century was characterized by an effort to reshape the presence of the Institute in the entire country, seeking to form a coherent group of heritage cities capable of linking Brazilian territory together. However, even with this new policy, it can be affirmed that in Brazil little held true because every day in all parts of the country important pillars of cultural identity are lost, whether architectural, natural or even the physical pillars of every-day social relations.

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Santos, André da Rocha. "O centro de Santos: intervenções, legislação e projetos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16139/tde-03032010-091130/.

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Esta dissertação aborda o processo de revitalização do Centro de Santos em curso desde fins da década de 1980 até o presente. Ela está dividida em cinco capítulos. O primeiro busca enfocar aspectos relevantes do referencial teórico sobre intervenções do Poder Público em áreas centrais nos períodos Moderno e Contemporâneo e as aproximações possíveis com o Centro de Santos. No capítulo seguinte pretende-se investigar o crescimento e o apogeu dessa área, com a expansão do porto e as riquezas advindas com o comércio do café. O terceiro capítulo trata da decadência do Centro com a evasão das camadas de alta renda e a precariedade habitacional. O quarto capítulo analisa o processo de revitalização, considerando a questão da legislação, das intervenções e dos projetos para a área, sobretudo no período compreendido pelas duas administrações do PT (1989-1992; 1993-1996). O quinto capítulo continua essa analise para as administrações seguintes, de orientação política antagônica, do antigo PPB (1997-2000; 2001-2004). Por fim, a conclusão avalia o processo de ascensão e declínio do Centro de Santos e as mudanças havidas em relação à política de planejamento urbano para essa área no contexto contemporâneo.
This dissertation evaluates the process of urban revitalization of Santos City Center in course since the late 1980s. It is divided in five chapters. The first analyses the changes in the theory of central area public intervention from Modern to Contemporary periods and defines Santos Historical Center as the case study. The following chapter investigates the growth and the apogee of this area with the port expansion and the resulting wealth with coffee commerce. The third chapter deals with the City Center decay with the evasion of high-income strata and the resulting housing precariousness. The fourth chapter analyzes the law, the interventions and the projects referring to the area, over the period of two PT offices (1989-1992; 1993-1996). The fifth chapter continues these analyses during the old PPB offices (1997-2000; 2001-2004) with an opposite political view. Finally, the conclusion evaluates the process of growth and decline of Santos City Center and the changes in relation to urban planning policies for this area in the present context.

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Adeodato, Marise Tissyana Parente Carneiro. "A razão e os limites das políticas nacionais de desenvolvimento urbano; uma análise comparativa das proposições de 1975 e 2004." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16139/tde-09112010-110418/.

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A presente tese busca compreender fundamentos e práticas da atuação do Estado sobre o urbano por meio das Políticas Nacionais de Desenvolvimento Urbano (PNDUs) elaboradas em dois momentos: uma no período militar, autoritário e centralizador, a PNDU de 1975, e outra na condição democrática, após a Constituição Cidadã de 1988, a PNDU de 2004, que assume a descentralização e tem o município como ente federativo. A pesquisa baseou-se em dados oficiais e pesquisas anteriores sobre essas políticas para investigar como foram concebidas e desenhadas pelo Estado, e se foram transpostas ou não em propostas e ações efetivas. Para isso analisou comparativamente fundamentos, razões e concepções de cada PNDU em seus contextos específicos, seus instrumentos institucionais, financeiros, legais e técnicos, bem como seus planos e programas implementados, de modo a constatar limitações que se impõem a essas Políticas. As constatações apontam para descontinuidades e continuidades, distinções e semelhanças entre as duas propostas. O autoritarismo, o centralismo e a ditadura de 1975 contrastam com a democratização e abertura à participação social e liberdades políticas em 2004. As proximidades se apresentam em propostas governamentais que pouco se efetivam na prática, políticas urbanas sem implementação, velhas ideologias que se revestem de novos discursos, mas se mantém sobre problemas que parecem crônicos: o clientelismo e o patrimonialismo Esse é o cenário sob o qual se pode observar as PNDUs, sem no entanto, esquecer-se que as cidades, bases sobre a qual atuam as Políticas de Desenvolvimento Urbano, são formas que refletem aspectos estruturais da sociedade e carregam o passivo de sua história e os arranjos sociais que se combinam ou se excluem, justificando e limitando a capacidade de impacto das PNDUs em seus contextos urbanos específicos.
This research approaches urban and regional planning in Brazil, and intends to discuss urban development policies at a federal level. The case studies employed in this work are the only two proposals of national urban policies developed in Brazil, during the years of 1975 and 2004. The research goals were defined in terms of comparatively analyzing the two referred proposals as directions to public decisions and actions towards urban and regional development. The research conclusions evidence that the distinct social, economical and political conditions of government, such as centralization/authoritarism, or decentralization/democratization, or even economic contexts can influence the contents and proposals of the urban public policies designed at federal level. There is also evidence that the manner in which the government is organized in this instance federalism - the intergovernmental relations, the decision making process, and the institutional, technical, regulatory instruments that support each Policy may limit the implementation of the plans, programs and actions of such policies, designed to improve urban and regional development.

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Rodrigues, Cristiana Gonçalves Pereira. "Concursos públicos urbanos 1989-1994: projetos de fragmentos da cidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16139/tde-27042010-145854/.

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Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar o papel dos concursos públicos de arquitetura e urbanismo na produção do espaço urbano da cidade de São Paulo, no período entre 1989 e 2004. Os concursos são entendidos como políticas públicas de ação sobre a cidade. Percorrendo quatro gestões administrativas, a partir da análise dos editais, dos processos de julgamento e dos projetos premiados, esta dissertação identifica modelos de desenho urbano e visões de cidade, tanto no que diz respeito ao projeto da cidade em si, quanto em relação à participação dos diversos atores sociais envolvidos. Os concursos, se por um lado podem refletir a vanguarda do pensamento urbanístico tanto do poder administrativo nas diferentes gestões, quanto dos profissionais de urbanismo, por outro podem estar completamente descolados da realidade, ora em relação à viabilidade executiva de suas idéias, ora no entendimento das realidades locais. De qualquer forma, os concursos se apresentam como uma forma de discussão sobre o espaço urbano e de exposição de conflitos.
This job has the purpose to analyse the public architecture and town planning (urbanism) contests targeted in the urban space of Sao Paulo city, during the period between 1989 and 2004. The contests have been perceived as changes by public politics concerning the city. Examining the four municipal administrations, from the analysis of the contest main documents, judging processes and the prized designs, this dissertation identifies the urban design models and city foresights, as much as the city project design in itself, as far as the various social players involved. The contests, on the one hand, can deflect the vanguard of the urban thought developed by the government authorities in the different administrations or by the urban planning professionals as well. On the other hand, should be entirely out from the reality of the executive viability or from the local social needs. In any case, the contests present themselves as the pattern of the discussion about the urban space and the exposure of its conflicts.

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Yeung, Choi-shan. "Environmental policies, urban planning strategies and urban development in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31374372.

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Yeung, Choi-shan, and 楊彩珊. "Environmental policies, urban planning strategies and urban development in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31374372.

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Valera, Mariana Franzolin [UNESP]. "Dinâmicas de uma política urbana: tensões na implantação de um conjunto habitacional na cidade de Marília/SP." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152525.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A presente dissertação analisou o processo de implantação do Conjunto Habitacional São Bento, na periferia da Zona Sul da cidade de Marília-SP. Para realizar este estudo, foi necessário compreender o processo de ocupação do solo urbano desde a fundação da cidade, suas características mais importantes, bem como entender o processo de periferização da cidade, sobretudo, a expansão da Zona Sul, desde meados dos anos 1980. A análise percorreu o debate da área de sociologia urbana no que diz respeito aos efeitos perversos das políticas habitacionais no Brasil que, ao produzirem o espaço urbano, também constituem espaços de segregação, tão bem definidos pela ideia de enclave fortificado de Caldeira (2000). Além disso, a pesquisa demonstrou que as políticas habitacionais na cidade de Marília reforçam o processo de segregação urbana da cidade e são fortemente baseadas no populismo político e no privilégio dado aos interesses dos empresários da construção civil, ignorando, assim, as necessidades por habitação da população da cidade.
The present dissertation have analyzed the implementation process of São Bento Housing Set, in the outskirts of the South Zone of Marilia city, in Sao Paulo state, Brazil. To carry out this study, it was necessary to understand the process of urban land occupation since the foundation of the city, it's most important characteristics, as well as to understand the process of peripherization of the city, especially the expansion of the South Zone, since the mid 80s. The analysis covered the urban sociology debate with regard to the perverse effects of housing policies in Brazil, which as the cities grows, the segregations spaces grow as well, perfectly defined by the idea of a fortified enclave of Caldeira (2000). In addition, research has shown that housing policies in Marilia city reinforce the urban segregation process of the city and are strongly based on political populism and privileges that the construction business owners have, thus ignoring the housing needs of the city's population.

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Pourmosavi, Seyed Nader. "Urban renewal policies : a critical analysis of urban renewal policies in Iran, 1286-1400 AH/1907-2020 AD." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14660/.

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This thesis addresses the situation of urban renewal policies during Qajar, Pahlavi and the Islamic Republic in the contemporary Iran, based on the process of legislation of civic organizations, urban legislative bodies and other related organizations. With an emphasis on socio-cultural and political factors, it examines the process of urban renewal policies. During the late Qajar strategic political and economical relationships between Iran and European countries, as well as military conflicts with British and Russia, encouraged the Iranian government to re-organize its administration in response to local and international issues (for example, the development of the Ministry of Interior from Department of Inspection). The Constitutional Revolution and establishment of the first parliament on 0 I /0311286 AH-June 1907 AD paved the way for civilian rule in urban areas and the introduction of effective civic organizations. Establishment of city councils and municipalities across the country are both the direct result of parliamentary approval of Baladiyah Constitution, which marked new era of urban development. After World War I and during the urban renewal movement in Europe, the controversial Law of Development of Urban Corridors was approved to develop organic urban areas into modem cities, which in this research is considered as the major urban renewal policy and programme during the First Phase of Urban Renewal Policies and Programmes. During World War II the infrastructure and urban areas of the country were severely damaged. Thus, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) financially and technically supported the government to overcome post war difficulties, which led to Iran's Development Programmes to organize reconstruction efforts and urban planning with the help of foreign organizations such as American International Council of Development. Iran's Third Development Programme demanded effective and uniform urban planning, therefore the Urban Planning Organization was introduced, responsible for the planning and improvement of urban areas. 22/12/1342 All-March 1963 AD announced a major development breakthrough with the introduction of the Ministry of Development and Housing, also approval of the Constitution of Urban Development, Law of Urban Renewal and Civil Improvement and other major urban regulations sped up the Second Phase of Urban Renewal Policies and Programmes. This phase ended with Barn's earthquake on 26112/2003 AD. The consequences of this natural disaster enforced the government to elevate urban renewal policies and programmes to national level to prevent another human catastrophe: this is better known as Urban Renewal Movement, which in this research is considered as the Third Phase of Urban Renewal Policies and Programmes. Following the Islamic Revolution and screening of governmental employees and academics, large numbers of senior and experience staff were forced to leave their posts. In this way, universities have been shut down and large numbers of young revolutionary forces without appropriate education or experience have come to occupy key positions. The urban problems sketched out here deepened during twenty-one years of Iran-Iraq war and ceasefire (1980-200 I AD) coupled with the employment of lifetime office holders with militarily or religious background in the foremost organizations. Constant cycles of establishment and dissolution, change or modification to constitutions, laws, regulations, chairs of the Ministries and civic organizations, and consequently the lack of urban development policy, are the main characteristics of this era. This period is responsible for the development of a gap which divided the process of urban renewal policies into two major eras; Pahlavi (relatively unknown) and Islamic Republic (relatively chaotic). Two of the main factors that motivate this research are my academic experience and involvement with civic organizations. There has been a significant lack of work that offers concrete materials to scholars, researchers, authorities and students to allow them to appreciate the socio-historical factors behind legislative bodies, and assist them in understanding urban renewal policies and programmes within a political framework. This research sets out to examine the greatest danger yet faced by Persian cities; bulldozer philosophy (Appendix H - Glossary). To describe the depth of the crisis, large amounts of information have been carefully collected and various issues such as the role of master-planning on regeneration programmes and the quality of executive programmes have been examined. The thesis approaches these various issues by analysing the legislation behind the establishment of the urban decision-making bodies, civic and executive organizations (Appendix H - Glossary), and role of provincial associations. Tracking the development of legislation alongside the analysis of socio-cultural and political events was central to the research process. This approach provided the latitude to cover all relevant aspects of planning and administration. Moreover, it provides a clear logic for the organisation of this thesis, and for others to develop further research with confidence.

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Beckham, Julius E. "Zero Tolerance Discipline Policies: Urban Administrators’ Perspectives." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1250212346.

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Candan, Canan. "How can urban policies address urban agriculture? : The case of Diyarbakir, Turkey." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-137184.

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Urban agriculture, livelihood framework, urban regeneration, planning paradigms, informal settlements, Turkey The study aims to investigate the role of planning policies on integrating urban agriculture in Diyarbakir, Turkey. It is conducted through a case study in the city of Diyarbakir where urban poverty is highly concentrated. In the study urban agriculture activities pursued in Sur - the informal settlement area undergoing an urban regeneration project - their characteristics, perspectives and actions of policy makers towards urban agriculture in that area, are explored. During the field trip, agriculture was observed as a widespread activity in Sur where various forms of urban agriculture coexist. The study showed that there were several factors for urban agriculture to flourish such as access to resources and individual or cultural motivation. Above all, policies have a major role in enabling its potential. Up until now, agricultural activities in Sur received encouraging, passive or punitive reactions from the municipality based upon its aim, location, product, scale and hygiene. Urban regeneration project can also create concerns about the future of urban farmers there. Main challenges in front of urban agriculture in the case of Diyarbakir are its non-recognition by central policies and the reluctance of local authorities to include it in a ‘modern’ image of Diyarbakir. The issue is to make local authorities aware about the use of urban agriculture as an important livelihood method and to integrate it in local planning agenda which is largely dominated by a strong state character and centralized planning mechanism

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Souza, Clarissa Duarte de Castro. "Planejamento urbano e políticas públicas em projetos de requalificação de áreas portuárias: Porto de Santos - desafio deste novo século." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16131/tde-26122006-153443/.

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O presente trabalho busca traçar um panorama urbano atual das políticas públicas implantadas no município de Santos, em especial nas áreas de interface porto/cidade com foco nas propostas realizadas nas duas últimas décadas. Trata do conflito da gestão da cidade com a gestão do porto, enfatizando a análise comparativa dos planos desenvolvidos para a cidade e para o porto, com recorte temporal do último século. Compara: o caso da área central de Santos com os projetos de requalificação urbana de outras áreas portuárias (Boston, Baltimore, Londres, Barcelona, Argentina, Plano Estratégico do Rio de Janeiro e projeto da Estação das Docas em Belém). Pretende responder as seguintes questões: As estratégias destas requalificações urbanas resolveriam os conflitos santistas entre a cidade e o porto? Estas estratégias viabilizariam a requalificação da área central santista?
This essay aims to outline an up-to-date urban panorama of the public policies implemented in the municipality of Santos, focusing the areas of interface between port and city and emphasizing the proposals which were realized within the last two decades. It deals with the conflict between the city and port managements, with emphasis on the comparative analysis of the plans developed for the city and port, with a temporal cut of the last century. It compares: Santos central area case with other port areas regeneration projects (Boston, Baltimore, London, Barcelona, Argentina, Rio de Janeiro Strategic Plan and Docks Station Project in Belém). It intends to answer the following questions: Would the strategies of these urban regenerations solve the conflicts between the city of Santos and its port? Would these strategies enable the regeneration of Santos central area?

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Hitam, Mizan Bin. "Development policies and the urban kampung : an investigation into urban development policies related to the future of Malaysian urban kampungs with special reference to Malacca." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321289.

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Egbaria, Kassem. "Urban planning policies in Arab settlements in Israel." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.289188.

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Takayanagi, Mimi 1970. "Urban transportation policies toward sustainability of mega-cities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8131.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program, 2002.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 109-113).
A study was carried out on policies to address the environmental damage caused by urban public transportation in megacities. Policy recommendations were proposed to alleviate the environmental impact of transportation in two existing megacities, Mexico City and Guangzhou City, using lessons learned from previous experiences in two industrialized countries, the US and Japan. The objectives of this study were as follows: - Review the environmental problems caused by urban transportation; - Examine policies previously tried in developed countries to counter the problems; - Examine methodologies to evaluate external costs of urban transportation from the perspective of environmental sustainability; - Propose, on the basis of case studies, measures to alleviate the environmental impact of transportation in existing megacities. The megacities of Mexico City, Guangzhou City, and Tokyo are suffering from similar environmental problems caused by transportation such as local air pollution of ozone, NOx and suspended particular matter. The causes of pollution such as lack of both internalizing environmental externalities and long-term perspective are common. Policy recommendations were made for each mega city, taking into account the city's historical, cultural, and political background. Through the case studies, the importance of proper enforcement of the policies as well as well-planned transportation policies was found. Only integrated transportation and environment policies and effective policy implementation will enable the recommendations proposed here to achieve the goal of more sustainable urban transportation systems.
by Mimi Takayanagi.
S.M.

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SAUER, VICENTE ANTONIO RODRIGUES. "GOVERNMENTALITY, LIBERALISM AND URBAN POLICIES: ORGANIZING THE URBAN SPACE IN DIFFERENT ARTICULATIONS OF LIBERALISM." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=25040@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Partindo da perspectiva dos estudos sobre governamentalidade iniciados por Michel Foucault, o presente trabalho analisa políticas urbanas nacionais e internacionais. São estudados o Programa de Pacificação de favelas do Governo do Estado do Rio de Janeiro e as políticas urbanas emuladas pela UN-HABITAT com o objetivo de identificar de que maneira se pensa o espaço urbano e os sujeitos políticos na contemporaneidade. Diferentes racionalidades liberais de governo são discutidas com o intuito de identificar rearticulações na forma através do qual se ordena o espaço urbano. O argumento é que o problema do governo, que no liberalismo clássico era conformado a partir de uma perspectiva moral ou normativa vai, em alguma medida, se rearticular em torno de uma perspectiva racional/econômica ou normalizada, típica do neoliberalismo. Em outras palavras, a forma através da qual se pensam sujeitos governantes e governados, em certa medida, se torna menos centrada em uma discussão a respeito de sujeitos morais e mais em torno de sujeitos racionais/econômicos.
Supported by the governmentality studies perspective initiated by Michel Foucault, this dissertation analyses national and international urban policies. The favelas Pacification Program of Rio de Janeiro s government and UN-HABITAT urban policies are the main objects of study. The objective is to identify how the urban space and political subjects are constituted as targets of intervention in contemporaneity. Liberal rationalities of government are discussed with the intent of identifying rearticulations in the way through which the urban space is organized. The argument is that the problem of government in classical liberalism was shaped by a moral or normative perspective. This perspective isrearticulated into a more normalized rational/economic rationality. In other words, the way through which political subjects are thought and acted upon is becoming less centered in moral subjects and more centered in a discussion about rational/economic individuals.

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Stalevska, Maja. "Urban Segregation and the Paradigm of Security - A Discourse Analysis of Swedish Urban Policies." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21383.

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The aim of this thesis is to explore the modalities of Swedish urban policy in its approach to urban segregation. By using a diachronic discourse analytic approach inspired by Foucault, I attempt to reconstruct the narrative of urban policy by looking at the problematizations of urban phenomena in urban programmes extending over the course of two decades. With respect to situating urban policy between the material realities of the spaces it seeks to address and the political rationalities that underline their framing in policies, I have used Foucault’s concepts of governmentality and dispositif. The overarching goal of this study is to demonstrate the contentious nature of policy decisions which have been informed by the material realities of segregated areas as much as they have been informed by dominant socio-political and economic narratives under which the rhetoric construct of ‘breaking segregation’ (Andersson, 2006) has been subsumed. The study shows that policy decisions are often submerged in the “truth effects” of discourses established well beyond the boundaries of concentrated urban poverty, such as narratives of flows and mobility, sustainable development or economic growth - which in turn significantly affect the policy interpretation of phenomena such as poverty, urban crime and ethnic polarization.

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Deilami, Kaveh. "Modelling the urban heat island intensities of alternative urban growth management policies in Brisbane." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/107656/1/Kaveh_Deilami_Thesis.pdf.

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When urban areas experience higher temperature than their surrounding rural areas, this phenomenon is called the urban heat island (UHI) effect. UHI contributes to global warming. Urban planning policy plays a significant role in controlling the UHI. This study examines the UHI effects of urban planning policy scenarios for Brisbane, including: a) business as usual; b) transit oriented development; c) infill development; d) motorway oriented development; and e) sprawl development. The findings show Infill development will be effective but will generate pockets of extreme UHI. Sprawl development will generate a moderate UHI effect but will be distributed throughout the city.

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Islam, Muhammed. "The Impact of Growth Management Policies on Urban Form: Evidence from U.S. Metropolitan Areas with Growth Management Policies." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2008. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/874.

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The contemporary urban development pattern in the United States is characterized by land consumptive nature of development, such as a sprawled development pattern. Out of concern that the social and environmental costs of this development pattern outweigh their benefits, cities, counties and states have created a wide range of policy instruments designed to manage urban growth and to protect open spaces from development. The present research deals with such strategies in three study areas namely Portland Metropolitan Area, OR; Montgomery County, MD; and Orange County, FL in order to find out if growth management strategies have been able to reduce sprawl and promote a compact form of development. Based mainly on secondary sources of information, the research evaluates the characteristics, effectiveness, strengths and weaknesses of selected growth management strategies employed in each of these areas and analyses their implications for promoting a compact form of development.

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Correia, Daniela Catarina Gomes Tavares. "Projeto de arquitetura paisagista: Clichy-Batignolles Paris, a resposta a ambições políticas e aos novos desafios urbanos." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/19169.

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A cidade resulta de fatores sociais, das políticas urbanas, das dinâmicas económicas e dos valores ambientais, no espaço e no tempo. Compreender a complexidade do seu funcionamento permite ao arquiteto paisagista interagir com ela. O projeto de Clichy-Batignolles, objeto do presente estudo, surge como resposta às problemáticas da cidade, enquanto metrópole de dimensão mundial, de políticas urbanas associadas à competitividade e à atratividade de pessoas e atividades económicas. O projeto integra o parque Martin Luther King senda a referência de desenvolvimento urbano sustentável e ecológico de Paris. A visão metabólica, que o projeto integra, concilia habitação, mobilidade, ecologia, sustentabilidade e experiência de Natureza, que a extensão da aglomeração urbana transformou em necessidade básica. A cidade ecológica impõe-se às politicas urbanas. É neste contexto de crise ambiental, económica e social que a arquitetura paisagista se posiciona no centro dos grandes desafios contemporâneos da evolução das cidades; Abstract: Landscape Architecture Project: Clichy-Batignolles Paris, the answer to policies ambitions and urban new challenges The city is a result social factors, urban policies, economical dynamics and environmental values, in space and time. Understanding the complexity of its mechanism allows the landscape architect to interact with it. The Clichy-Batignolles urban project, the subject of the present study, is a response to the problematic issues of the metropolitan worldwide city, in which competitiveness and attractiveness urban policies are created to attract people and economical activities. The project incorporates the Martin Luther King park and is the reference of ecological and sustainable development in Paris. The metabolic vision of the project conciliates habitation, mobility, ecology, sustainability and Nature experience, which the urban concentration length as transformed in basic living needs. The ecological city is imposed to the megacities urban policies. In this environmental, economic and social crisis context, landscape architecture occupies a center position in the contemporary challenges of cities evolution.

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Mueller, Natalie 1988. "Health impact assessment of urban and transport planning policies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664239.

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Urbanization processes are ongoing. Some aspects of urban life such as a sedentary lifestyle, the risk of traffic incidents, high levels of air pollution, noise and heat, and a lack of green spaces can have detrimental effects on our health and well-being. Despite consensus that these exposures related to urban and transport planning affect our health, there is little quantification of these health risk factors in the urban context. Quantitative health impact assessment (HIA) can provide numeric indices of health risk factors and can inform the health benefit-risk tradeoff of public policies. The present thesis sheds light on the utility of quantitative HIA in urban and transport planning policies. Almost 3,000 premature deaths, over 50,000 disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and over 20 million € in direct health care spending were estimated to be attributable to current urban and transport planning practices in Barcelona, Spain annually. The present thesis suggests that overwhelming motor transport fleets in cities need to be reduced through (1) the promotion of active transport (i.e. walking and cycling for transport in combination with public transport), facilitated by for instance the expansion of cycling networks and (2) the reinforcement of green spaces. Active transport together with green spaces, were assessed to provide considerable net health benefits through increases in physical activity levels and mitigation of motor transport-associated emissions of air pollution, noise and heat. The present thesis concludes that HIA is a useful tool for quantification of anticipated health impacts of public policies and more extensive application of HIA is encouraged.
Algunas de las características de la vida urbana como el estilo de vida sedentario, el riesgo de sufrir accidentes de tráfico, los altos niveles de contaminación atmosférica, el ruido, el calor y la falta de espacios verdes pueden tener efectos perjudiciales en nuestra salud y bienestar. Aunque se sabe que estas exposiciones afectan nuestra salud, existe poca cuantificación de estos factores de riesgo en el contexto urbano. Las evaluaciones del impacto sobre la salud cuantitativas (HIA por sus siglas en inglés) proporcionan datos sobre los factores de riesgo en la salud e información del equilibrio entre beneficio y riesgo de las políticas públicas. Se estima que cada año casi 3,000 muertes prematuras, más de 50,000 años de vida ajustados por discapacidad (DALYs por sus siglas en inglés) y más de 20 millones de € de gastos directos en el sistema de salud que son atribuibles a las actuales políticas urbanas y de transporte en Barcelona, España. Esta tesis sugiere que el tráfico rodado en las ciudades necesita ser reducido mediante (1) la promoción del transporte activo (caminar, ir en bicicleta, transporte público), facilitada p.ej. por la expansión de la red de carril de bicicleta, y (2) con el aumento de los espacios verdes. Se estimó que el transporte activo y los espacios verdes proporcionan considerables beneficios netos para la salud a través del aumento de la actividad física y de la mitigación de las emisiones de contaminantes atmosféricos, ruido y calor asociadas al transporte motorizado. La presente tesis concluye que la HIA es una herramienta útil para la cuantificación anticipada de los impactos en la salud de las políticas públicas y se recomienda una aplicación extensiva de esta metodología

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Al-Yemeni, Mohammed Saad. "Urban land development policies : the case of Saudi Arabia." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1985. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21466.

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The growth of population, the higher standard of living and all other changes associated with economic growth have been generating pressure on urban land, and consequently on urban land development policies. Under the continuous pressure of urbanization and urban growth, land policies have displayed several weaknesses. As a result urban growth has not been directed in a manner consistant with development goals, as been able to respond to social and cultural needs. The aim of this dissertation is to explain existing land policies, identify the problems of urban land development, the weaknesses of land policies and attempt to find appropriate solutions. This thesis comprises ten chapters. The introductory chapter presents the thesis. The second chapter looks into the phenomenon of urbanization and its impact on urban land. The third chapter defines land policies whilst the fourth discusses and presents the cultural and environmental criteria by which land development and land policies will be evaluated. Chapter five and six examining physical planning policies in Saudi Arabia. Chapter seven evaluate land development and deffine existing urban land problems,it contains three case studies for the purpose of evaluation. Evaluation of land policies against the generated problems of land development are discussed in chapter eight. The ninth chapter presents the thesis recommendations and the final chapter concludes the work and presents some final remarks. In brief, the study concludes that existing land policies are Inadequate to meet the pressure of market forces and to facilitate land improvement. Nevertheless, existing policies have failed to produce an urban pattern compatable with cultural and environmental conditions. These weaknesses include: The failure to provide land for development and urbanisation; The inadequacy of land use controls; Deficient administrative system for development control. In order to overcome the above existing policies weaknesses, the thesis recommended several changes: - To the administration system at the local and regional levels; - To legal and administrative procedure of development controls; and - To the system for providing land for development and urbanization.

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Kwon, Sung Moon. "The Effects of Urban Containment Policies on Commuting Patterns." Thesis, Portland State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3711693.

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During the past several decades, most U.S. metropolitan areas have experienced strong suburbanization of housing and jobs (i.e., urban sprawl). The sprawl that arises from urban growth has become a big issue in many metropolitan areas in the U.S. In response, there has been increased interest in urban containment policies. There are contrasting views (planning-oriented vs. market-oriented) of urban sprawl and urban containment policies. Planning-oriented scholars asserted the problems of `geographic sprawl (GS)' and the positive effects of urban containment polices, while market-oriented scholars asserted the problems of `economic sprawl (ES)' and the negative or negligible effects of urban containment policies. Therefore, this dissertation analyzed whether urban containment policies affect urban sprawl, employment center formation, and urban commuting.

The results of this dissertation indicate that urban containment policies play an important role in affecting urban sprawl, employment center formation, and urban commuting, as well as explaining the contrasting views (planning-oriented vs. market-oriented) of urban containment policies. Implementing urban containment policies can produce positive effects such as compact development, which can promote J-H balance. However, as seen in the relationship between urban containment policies, urban sprawl and housing values, stronger urban containment policies can produce negative effects, such as traffic congestion and an increase in housing prices.

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Tawfik, Nevin Ahmed. "Urban policies in Egypt : 1974 to 1986 an evaluation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78957.

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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, and (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1987.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: leaves 149-160.
by Nevin Ahmed Tawfik.
M.S.
M.C.P.

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Bichir, Renata Mirandola. ""Segregação e acesso a políticas públicas no município de São Paulo"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-29042006-083123/.

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Esse trabalho aborda a questão da segregação residencial no município de São Paulo, sendo o objetivo principal a avaliação do impacto da segregação sobre o acesso das camadas mais pobres da população à política de infra-estrutura urbana. Além da discussão conceitual a respeito da segregação termo muitas vezes confundido na literatura com os conceitos de pobreza, desigualdade, falta de acesso a serviços urbanos , o trabalho pretende apresentar estratégias de identificação de áreas segregadas e um modelo de análise capaz de medir o impacto da residência nesses locais sobre as condições de acesso à política de infra-estrutura urbana, tradicionalmente associada com a segregação. Desse modo, além de um esforço teórico de deslocamento do foco em direção às conseqüências da segregação, e não as suas causas, esse trabalho apresenta um esforço empírico de elaboração de indicadores capazes de identificar áreas segregadas e medir o impacto da residência nesses locais sobre as condições de acesso a políticas públicas.
This dissertation deals with the issues of residential segregation in the city of São Paulo. It argues that segregation has a significant impact on the access to public policies among the poorest population. Besides the discussion of the urban literature on segregation a concept generally mingled with the concepts of poverty and inequality as well as for the lack of access to basic public services , this dissertation presents some strategies for identifying segregated areas and a multivariate model of access to urban infrastructure policies. Besides the theoretical effort of changing the stress on the causes to the stress on the consequences of segregation, this dissertation presents an empirical effort: the construction of different indicators able to measure the impact of segregation over the access to public policies.

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Fernandez, Milan Blanca [Verfasser], Ottmar [Gutachter] Edenhofer, Felix [Gutachter] Creutzig, and Diana [Gutachter] Reckien. "Making urban policies sustainable : long-term benefits of urban planning and fiscal policies / Blanca Fernandez Milan ; Gutachter: Ottmar Edenhofer, Felix Creutzig, Diana Reckien." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1156178754/34.

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32

Mojica, Bonilla Ana I. "Assessing Urban Containment Policies for Managing the Urban Growth of Santa Tecla City, El Salvador." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1195154675.

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Austin, Jared J. "Policing the Riverfront: Urban Revanchism as Sustainability." Scholar Commons, 2018. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7122.

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An unnoticed shift is underway in the revanchist model of accumulation by dispossession (Harvey, 2005) that is rebranding the neoliberal reorganization of space and economic growth. I call this shift “Urban Revanchism as Sustainability,” following Mike Davis and Daniel Monk (2007). In this study, I describe how Tampa elites, led by Democratic Mayor Bob Buckhorn, use politically popular discourses of ‘sustainability’, ‘walkability’, ‘bike-ability’, among others, to coopt the rhetoric and symbols of social and environmental justice as cover for urban capital accumulation. I describe how in the wake of 2008 which devastated Tampa, and in the context of the subsequent gentrification of downtown Tampa, this sustainable urban revitalization strategy is being used to legitimize accumulation by dispossession of the most sought-after land on the downtown waterfront. This ‘green’ mode of enforcing urban revanchism is a politically charged, class-based process that is based on the prior militarization of the city police and securitization of urban space, contradicting the principles of social and environmental sustainability (Agyeman, 2003). Based on ethnographic observations, interviews, newspaper reviews, and document analysis, I show how an environmental facade is being layered over exclusionary forms of racial displacement and class exploitation. As such, the rebranding of a system of militarized exclusion and displacement which amounts to a selective neo-liberal “right to the city” is being normalized across the downtown riverfront. The resulting new waterfront city valorizes individualized entertainment and consumption for elites and privileged business professionals, at the same that it discourages collective solidarity and care among the dwindling middle- and working classes, and enforces private competition among the poor and unemployed.

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Majedi, Hamid. "Public acquisition of urban land and allocation for housing and urban development in Iran (1979-1988)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317518/.

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This research aims to examine the effects of the urban land acquisition and allocation programme by the government in Iran on the rate of increase of the prices of urban land and affordablity of housing prices for different income groups in the urban areas of the country during the period 1979 to 1988 which was on the basis of the enactment of three Urban Land Laws after the 1979 revolution. The implementation of these laws limited private ownership of vacant urban land in the country to about 1,000 to 1,500 square metres, depending on the size of the city, with the excess land being acquired by the government. In this respect the Urban Land Organisation under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development was able to acquire 36,000 hectares through confiscation from the excess of private ownership, 8,258 hectares of private land in return for payment of compensation, and a further 41,272 hectares of land which already belonged to the various public organisations was transferred to its authority. Thereby a total of 85,557 hectares was assembled under the authority of the urban land organisation (ULO). As part of the land policy, the ULO then proceeded to allocate some 10,790 hectares or 12.6 percent of the total assembled land to eligible applicants including private households, housing cooperatives and public and private housing developers for housing construction. This was in addition to the 3,313 hectares or 3.9 percent of the total assembled land which was allocated for the purposes urban services and commercial buildings. In any case, while only 12.6 percent of the assembled land was allocated by the ULO it comprised about 32 percent of the number and 34 percent of the area of land plots for new starts of housing construction during the period 1979 to 1988. The hypothesis of the thesis with regard to the effect of government acquisition and allocation of urban land on the situation of urban land prices and housing in Iran is that between 1979 to 1988 this programme and the resultant activities has on the one hand led to a reduction of the rate of increase of the price of urban land in the market and, on the other, has contributed to the provision of affordable housing units for low and middle income households. The thesis has tested the first part of its hypothesis by collecting and analyzing the trend of development of urban land prices for a 15 year period between 1974 to 1988. The second part of the hypothesis has been tested by calculating the price of housing on ULO allocated and privately owned land and then comparing them with the effective demand of different income groups in the urban areas of the country. The evidence of the analysis for the first part of the hypothesis shows that during the period 1979 to 1988 the average price of one square metre of privately owned land was about 13 times higher than ULO allocated land. More importantly, however, is the trend of development of the price of privately owned land between 1974 to 1988 which shows that after the 1979 revolution average prices of privately owned land always kept below the 1976 figure prior to the revolution and from 1985 on wards the actual increase at constant prices was actually negative. Moreover, with the base year of 1974, the index of the average price of privately owned land for the period 1979 to 1988 was between 58.7 and 207.5 which was much lower than the consumer price index which was between 196.3 and 974.1 for the same period. The index of the average price of urban land for 1975 and 1976 prior to the 1979 revolution, however, is 125.3 and 170.5 which is higher than the consumer price index for the same period which was 109.9 and 128.1. consequently, it can be stated that the evidence from the analysis for the first part of the hypothesis supports its proposition in that the enactment and implementation of the aforementioned urban land policy after the 1979 revolution has led to a reduction of the rate of increase of urban land prices in the market between the period 1979 to 1988. The result of the analysis for the second part of the hypothesis on the other hand shows that on the basis of the recommended floor area of 75 square metre for housing units built on ULO allocated land, which was recommended by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, such units were in the main affordable to all income categories including all those in the low income groups. The units built on privately owned land were in the main only affordable to income groups 8-10 which comprised the high income groups and in 1987 and 1988 even income groups 8-9 of the high income groups were excluded from these units. More importantly, however, the analysis shows that even with bigger floor areas including the actual average floor area of urban housing units for the period 1979 to 1988, which ranged between 132 to 162 square metres during the stated period, the units built on ULO allocated land were still much more affordable to the low and middle income groups than the units built on privately owned land which would still be in the main unaf fordable to the low income groups. This difference in affordablity also applies to small units 50-75 square metres built on the two different categories of land. The result of the analysis for the second part of the hypothesis, therefore, also supports its proposition in that the enactment and implementation of the aforementioned urban land policy after the 1979 revolution has contributed to the provision of affordable housing units for low and middle income households in the period 1979 to 1988.

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35

Bartholomew, Jennifer Marie. "Police Legitimacy in an Urban Context: A Social Welfare Perspective." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1427909983.

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36

Patnoe, Jerry Lee. "The demographic and ecological distribution of police discretion in an urban area." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185317.

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Police discretion has been frequently studied in relationship to arrest practices. The present study reconceptualized Shaw and McKay's (1942) social disorganization theory of the causes of delinquency as a theory proposing that police discretion is largely determined by conditions of disorganization. This theory is viewed as more advantageous than conflict theories of police activity because it allows for normative, exchange, and coercive solutions, rather than only the latter as is the case with conflict based theory. To test this theory, individual, structural, and ecological variables were incorporated in the analyses which examined the distribution of type of referral made by the police. Additionally, Black's (1976) proposition that ecological and structural conditions sufficiently explain police behavior was evaluated. Investigation was limited to physical and citation referral. The sample consisted of all referrals of juveniles made during 1984 in Pima County, Arizona. Three regression analyses were performed: (1) individual level characteristics, (2) contextual characteristics only, and, (3) an analysis including both. The results of the first analysis indicated some police bias toward minorities, but the bulk of explanation was attributed to legal variables. The second analysis provided a model that was statistically sufficient to explain police behavior. However, the model indicated that Black's theory requires considerable revision. The last analysis indicated that the bulk of explanation of police behavior was attributable to legal and normative considerations. Few indicators of coercive solutions were located, suggesting that a theory incorporating social disorganization as a determinate of police behavior is superior to a conflict based theory.

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Vendruscolo, Cassiana Elisa. "AS RELAÇÕES DO ESPAÇO URBANO DO MUNICÍPIO DE DONA FRANCISCA, RS COM A REGIÃO DA QUARTA COLÔNIA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2010. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/9334.

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The present study has as coverage space the urban area of Dona Francisca city. To understand this geographic area it was required from us to know the relationship that this city has with other rural and urban relations/regional this space effects with other cities in the region of Quarta Colônia - these areas can t be explained separately. With the literature research focused on theoretical frameworks that offered us conceptual support to develop the theme, we opted for the sociospatial formation category defined by Milton Santos. We used the action research, the participatory action research and the participant observation, besides questionnaires application and cartographic analysis. The research led us to realize that the spatial relations are made among environments characteristically different, but it s visible the continuity and the influences that an environment perform over the other. As much as the globalization is willing to mix all these environments. In small towns like Dona Francisca and other cities in the region, these differences between urban and rural areas are still apparent. Relations between town and country, and between the urban that Dona Francisca develops are relations social-spatial and are present in such areas as economic, political, social, environmental, and especially the cultural. Socio-spatial relations referred, identify themselves and develop naturally, as are also endorsed through the application of regional public policies. Is in this context of socio-spatial relations that the city of Dona Francisca and the Region of Quarta Colônia where are located, and were objects of our study.
O presente estudo tem como área de abrangência e espaço urbano do Município de Dona Francisca. Entender esse espaço geográfico nos exigiu conhecer as relações que esse urbano exerce com seu rural, bem como as relações urbano/ regionais que esse espaço efetua com demais urbanos da Região da Quarta Colônia, pois estes espaços não podem ser explicados separadamente. Com a pesquisa bibliográfica centrada em referenciais teóricos que nos ofereceram suporte conceitual para desenvolver a temática optou-se pela categoria de formação sócioespacial definida por Milton Santos. Utilizou-se da pesquisa ação, da pesquisa participante e da observação participante, além da aplicação de questionários e de análises cartográficas. A pesquisa nos levou a perceber que as relações espaciais são efetuadas entre ambientes distintos caracteristicamente, mas é visível a continuidade e as influências que um ambiente exerce sobre o outro. Por mais que a globalização esteja disposta a homogeneizar esses ambientes, em pequenos municípios como Dona Francisca, e nos demais municípios da Região, essas diferenças entre o urbano e o rural, ainda são evidentes. As relações entre urbano e rural e entre urbanos que Dona Francisca desenvolve, são relações sócio-espaciais e fazem-se presentes em setores como o econômico, o político, o social, o ambiental e, principalmente, o cultural, identifica-se que essas desenvolvem-se, naturalmente, como também são endossadas através da aplicação de políticas públicas regionais. É nesse contexto de relações socioespaciais que a cidade de Dona Francisca e a Região da Quarta Colônia estão inseridos e foram nossos objetos de estudo.

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Topan, Renato. "Insegurança urbana: o papel do direito urbanístico nas políticas públicas de segurança." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5470.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:19:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RENATO TOPAN.pdf: 10684585 bytes, checksum: bb5485d51f83fc4664eab5281396d0c6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-28
The crime, the fear of crime and violence are topics that increasingly occupy more often the agenda of discussions of civil society. The sensation of insecurity is experienced and lived by the society, specially on urban centers, and seems not to diminish but grow from time to time, even with more severe legal punishments of criminal policy. The theme, multidisciplinary and complex, brings a reflection to a possible collaboration of Urban Law as a instrument to prevent the factors of public insecurity. The relationship between urban decay, insecurity, principles and instruments under the new constitutional order on Urban Policy will be systematically develop, searching for support arguments that ties urban disorder and the degree of today apparent insecurity, even so, shows the contribution that Urban Law can provide in the turnaround of the background
O crime, o medo do crime e a violência são temas que ocupam cada vez com mais frequência a pauta de debates da sociedade civil. A sensação de insegurança vivida e vivenciada com especial destaque nos centros urbanos, tem se tornado cada vez mais capilarizada no tecido social e parece não regredir, mesmo com medidas de políticas criminais mais severas. O tema que é multidisciplinar e complexo, busca trazer à reflexão possível colaboração do Direito Urbanístico, funcionando como mecanismo de prevenção a fatores geradores de insegurança. A relação entre degradação urbana, insegurança, princípios e instrumentos decorrentes da nova ordem constitucional sobre Política Urbana serão abordados de forma sistemática, buscando argumentos que relacione desordem urbana e o grau de insegurança hoje percebido, e qual a contribuição que o Direito Urbanístico pode oferecer para reversão desse quadro

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Costa, Maria de Fátima Tardin. "Ideologia e utopia no ocaso da reforma urbana no Brasil." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6762.

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Este trabalho discute, como questão central, a importância da formação de movimentos sociais anticapitalistas de resistência à barbárie desta forma social, no momento em que o capitalismo atinge os seus limites lógicos e entra em dissolução, num processo em que não há definições quanto ao futuro, em especial, o futuro das massas de ―sujeitos monetários sem dinheiro‖. Dado que, nos anos 1980, a constituição do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) significou a possibilidade de construção de um partido revolucionário no Brasil; e dada a importância que teve a reafirmação das bandeiras reformistas na trajetória do PT, nestas incluída a da reforma urbana, o fio condutor dessa análise foi o projeto da Reforma Urbana no Brasil. Do horizonte globalizante do mundo, discute-se os modos pelos quais se criaram certos tipos de expectativas em relação ao vir-a-ser da luta urbana e da sua particular configuração nesse projeto. Dessa realidade periférica que reserva para os pobres urbanos a desumanidade da modernidade burguesa e a ―forma mercadoria‖ como seu núcleo socializador, discute-se como os sujeitos sociais organizados na luta por moradia no Brasil resistem à especulação e à acumulação capitalista por espoliação, sob a violência do Estado e buscando superar esta realidade no campo do fetiche da institucionalidade e do direito burguês e da Reforma Urbana. Esta análise abrange as ideias nucleares desse projeto, a constituição do Movimento Nacional da Reforma Urbana (MNRU) no processo Constituinte e a atuação do Fórum Nacional de Reforma Urbana (FNRU), perante a objetividade da luta urbana e diante das limitações conjunturais e estruturais da luta por direitos. Numa concepção dialética não progressiva do capitalismo no Brasil, como cenário sócio-histórico e econômico da formação do PT e da Reforma Urbana, discute-se a influência que esse campo político-intelectual exerce diante dos problemas urbanos resultantes das injustiças e desigualdades inerentes à produção capitalista das cidades. Aponta-se a constituição do vínculo entre o FNRU e o PT e a conversão do capital simbólico deste último como estruturante dessa trajetória comum: de sua formação aos dias atuais, quando o partido assume a Presidência da República e o FNRU, no âmbito das políticas urbanas, assume junto ao governo, o papel de gerenciar a crise social no vazio da política. Defende-se que a institucionalização e a profissionalização do projeto da Reforma Urbana são os meios de efetivação da conversão de seu ideário às possibilidades do desenvolvimento das forças produtivas do mercado capitalista periférico. Essa despolitização da reforma urbana se insere no movimento de desrradicalização do pensamento de uma geração intelectual de esquerda ao se deparar com o processo de profundas transformações sociais e com o desaparecimento do horizonte revolucionário no contexto das modificações econômicas da reestruturação capitalista. Aponta-se que o horizonte histórico desta sociedade coloca para a humanidade o desafio de cumprir e realizar as formas de organização e de atuação cognitiva que possam produzir sua emancipação. Se não vierem a se formar movimentos sociais de resistência com capacidade de autocompreensão desta condição, o futuro será vivido de modo inconsciente como um processo naturalizado de autodestruição.
The central objective of this work is the discussion of the formation of anticapitalist social movements that could resist to the barbarian tendencies of our present, a moment when capitalism reaches its logical limits, leaving the masses, the ―moneyless monetary subjects‖, completely uncertain about their future. Since that, in the 80s, the birth of the Workers Party (PT) represented the possibility of the construction of a revolutionary party in Brazil, and given the great importance of social reforms in the PTs political trajectory here included the urban reform , we decided that our main focus in this study should be the urban reform itself. From the point of view of the capitalist periphery, taking in account the particularities of the Brazilian situation in the context of globalization, we discuss the urban struggle and the expectations of these people towards the future, generated in the process of creating an urban reform project. We also discuss the tense situation of the people engaged in the social movements fighting for habitation, how they face the always present threat of being removed, expelled, and the violence that emerges in the context of land speculation and spoliation, and how, driven by the fetish of the institutionality, they try to fight back in the realm of the bourgeois law and the urban reform. Our analyzes faces the central ideas of this project, the making of the National Movement for Urban Reform (MNRU) in the process of Brazils national Constitution and the actions of the National Forum for Urban Reform (FNRU) in front of the difficulties involving the urban struggle and before the contingent and structural limits of the struggle for their rights. We discuss the prevalent influence that the group of political and intellectual ideas articulated by the PT and the FNRU exerts in the confront with the urban problems produced by the social injustices and inequalities inherent to the capitalist production of the city. We strongly point the building of the connection between the PT and the FNRU and the conversion of their symbolic capital as something structuring in this common trajectory: from the foundation of the party to present days, when, after winning the presidential election, the FNRU, supporting the PT administration, takes over, in the terrain of urban policies, the hole of running the social crises in the void of the politics. We argue that the professionalization and the institutionalization of the urban reform project are means of transforming its ideas according to the limits of the peripheral Brazilian market. Following a generation of left wing intellectuals who are now no more than liberal reformers, due to the defeat of socialism in the Twentieth century, the recent transformations in capitalism and the lack of revolutionary movements on the horizon, the urban reform project reaches a dead point. At the end, we try to set the crucial importance of utopia, as the only way of understanding our real situation and of seeing that we are already inserted in barbarism and social dissolution.

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Sakizlioglu, Nur Bahar. "Impacts Of Urban Renewal Policies: The Case Of Tarlabasi-istanbul." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608464/index.pdf.

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ABSTRACT IMPACTS OF URBAN RENEWAL POLICIES: THE CASE OF TARLABASI/ISTANBUL Sakizlioglu, Nur Bahar M.S., Department of Sociology Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Helga Rittersberger-Tiliç
May, 2007, 296 pages Istanbul of 2000s has experienced a shift in urban policy approach from leading and maneuvering uneven, excessive and speculative urban growth, towards managing &lsquo
urban transformation&rsquo
that has been put implementation with urban (re)development / renewal / regeneration / revitalization initiatives. To examine the rise of these new policies for &lsquo
urban transformation&rsquo
in Istanbul of the 2000s for the entire restructuring of the city is the first and comprehensive aim of this study. In this respect, the political economic, social, dynamics that lied beneath the policy shift toward urban transformation and the associated alterations in the institutional and legislative configurations are discussed. Besides, a categorization of the extant &lsquo
urban transformation&rsquo
projects in Istanbul with different scopes and aims is provided and lastly the main elements and impacts of the urban transformation projects in the city are evaluated. The second and main aim of the study is to investigate the underlying features and intents, impacts of the new urban policies designed to renew the historical neighborhoods of Istanbul with a specific focus on the role of the municipal government as the key actor in the process. Attached to this, it is specifically targeted to examine the relationship between these new urban renewal policies, strategies and gentrification in inner city historical neighborhoods. To this end, the case of TarlabaSi renewal process, a deprived neighborhood in the old commercial and cultural center of Beyoglu-Istanbul, is analyzed giving detailed accounts on the renewal approach and the municipality&rsquo
s attitudes towards different stakeholders in the process, the initial impacts of the project in the neighborhood and lastly on the relation between renewal initiative and gentrification. Embracing a qualitative methodology, the study makes use of variety of data collection techniques, namely semi-structured in-depth interviews, document analyses, media analyses, participant and direct observations. Based on the analysis, the study firstly evaluates that the rise of the new policies, programs for urban transformation/ renewal in Istanbul of the 2000s refers to a new phase in the unplanned and highly uneven urbanization experience of Istanbul, which has been shaped by the neoliberal policies for more than twenty years. It also suggests that this new urbanization phase has been shaping with an approach, which sidelines the social aspects of urban transformation on behalf of the rent-oriented project implementations, plans that would make the urban redevelopment sector attractive for inter/national investments and which paves the way to the rewriting of the uneven urban development that would potentially result in the accentuation of the polarizations between the winners and the losers in the redistribution of the urban rents created as the result of these projects. Based on the analysis regarding the TarlabaSi renewal process, it is suggested in the study that renewal process in the neighborhood initiated by the municipality with a cultural and tourism based renewal strategy has been shaping with rent- oriented approach which excludes the social aspects of urban renewal. Leading the process, municipality has embraced an entrepreneurial attitude towards the investors and a selectively inclusive, encouraging one towards the property owners. However, the tenants, the groups with no legal tenancy status and the marginal groups, all of which constitute the majority of the neighborhood population have been the social groups that the municipality has not taken as the addressees but rather excluded within the renewal process. The initial implications of the renewal proposal at the neighborhood level have been speculative increases in the real estate prices, heightened interest of the big capital groups for renewal investments in TarlabaSi and an emerging appeal and interest of the middle classes for a living in TarlabaSi etc. Once these impacts are evaluated in relation to gentrification, the study argues that the renewal process that has been experiencing in TarlabaSi is preparing the infrastructure for gentrification in the neighborhood as the result of the municipal initiative. Urban renewal plans shaped by the municipality do not include any social mechanisms, measures and programs to prevent the displacement of the low-income and marginal groups living in TarlabaSi in this process, rather encourage a radical change in the socio-cultural profiles of the residents to create a &lsquo
new&rsquo
TarlabaSi as a prestigious cultural center in the city. In this sense, the study argues that this deprived, sociospatially stigmatized neighborhood in the historical city center is being created as a gentrifiable one with the municipal intervention in this renewal process. While such a trajectory of neighborhood change pinpoints the potential reproduction of the uneven development process that has carried TarlabaSi to the thresholds of renewal through this new renewal policy, it leaves the low-income disadvantaged groups living in TarlabaSi to face the very tangible problem of displacement.

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Chiquetto, Sergio Luiz. "Modelling the impacts of transport policies on the urban environment." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363975.

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Eleftherios, Tsoulouvis. "Perceptions of urban development and planning policies in Thessaloniki (Greece)." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265883.

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43

Abdalla, Muna A. "Poverty and inequality in urban Sudan policies, institutions and governance /." Leiden : African Studies Centre, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1887/13106.

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44

Uktamova, Dildora <1996&gt. "Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans. Literature review and implication for policies." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/16750.

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The Master Thesis on "Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans" with literature view and implication for policies. The first chapter describes the concept of "Sustainable mobility" and its EU approach. The second chapter focused on the definition of "Smart city and mobility" and the third chapter will define the impact of innovation and technologies on smart mobility. At the end of the work, will be presented with conclusions and suggestions.

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45

Zlaoui, Leila. "Regional development in Morocco : policies and financial flows." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/78974.

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46

Williams, EmmaJean. "Implementing Community Policing: a Documentation and Assessment of Organizational Change." PDXScholar, 1995. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1156.

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Four research questions guided this documentation and assessment of the Portland Police Bureau's conversion to community policing. These questions generated a description of the events and circumstances that created the perceived need for change in the Bureau's role and function; a search for justification for selecting community policing as an alternative policing approach; a comparative analysis of past attempts to implement innovative change of a similar dimension in police organizations; and an assessment of the process by which the Bureau implemented this new policing strategy. The findings indicate that the prominent factors driving this change are first, the limitations of conventional policing tactics against emerging new patterns of crime and disorder; second, an intensification of public interest in quality-of-life issues; and third, an increase in the numbers of progressive police officers that are influencing change in the traditional police culture. The process by which the Bureau effected changes in its organizational structure and design to accommodate community policing strategies was assessed using theoretical guidelines abstracted from the organizational change literature. This assessment led to a hypothesis that innovative change which is incongruent with organizational traditions and culture must be implemented organization-wide, in an "all-or-none" fashion, to maximize the probability that the change will become institutionalized. The Bureau's inadvertent adherence to most of the guidelines suggests that a pattern may exist to guide the implementation of innovative organizational change. It was also found that the traditional bureaucratic policing structure has been relaxed, but remains quasi-bureaucratic in character, as a function of retaining the traditional military rank structure.

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47

King, Adrienne Jean 1973. "Urban Indians, people of color and the Albuquerque Police Department." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278663.

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This thesis is a study of the perceptions urban American Indians and people of color have toward the Albuquerque Police Department, focusing on the citizen complaint process. Analyzing these perceptions and hearing their experiences provides insight to how these peoples view their local law enforcement similarly and differently from each other and Anglos. While the issues of other peoples of color may be addressed, the needs of the indian community are rarely addressed. Without visibility and advocacy, American Indians are not represented and the issues important to them cannot be heard. Since little has been written on Indian and police relations it is possible to extrapolate from the experiences of other urban communities of color. To better understand the experiences of people of color with the Albuquerque Police Department three research methods are used: citizen complainant satisfaction surveys, interviews with citizen organizations and an individual case study.

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Havrechaki, Carlos Fabricio. "A SEGREGAÇÃO URBANA EM PONTA GROSSA: O PROGRAMA BOLSA FAMILIA NO TERRITÓRIO DE ABRANGÊNCIA DO CRAS CARÁ-CARÁ." UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE PONTA GROSSA, 2016. http://tede2.uepg.br/jspui/handle/prefix/589.

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Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-21T18:15:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carlos Fabricio.pdf: 2480921 bytes, checksum: 00e86c66b6c4044f9b433b39452c42b5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-07-13
Fundação Araucária de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico do Paraná
This research’s purpose is to understand difficulties of families that reside in the area covered by CRAS Cará-Cará, in compliance with conditionalities before a segregated city. The urban formation process of Ponta Grossa, in relation to housing, was extremely segregating. In this consolidated urban segregation scenario, it is noticeable that direct income transfer policies, specifically Bolsa Família program (PBF), require the fulfillment of several conditionalities in order for assisted families to remain receiving the benefit. These requisites are directly connected to an egalitarian urban development, as they depend, basically, on the existence of elementary schools, day care centers and public medical facilities within the area in which beneficiaries inhabit. As these peripheries are, generally, outdated in relation to urban equipment, fulfillment of such conditionalities end up becoming one more difficulty in these individual’s lives, who mostly live in either poverty, or extreme poverty. We have analyzed the situation of 132 families that reside in the area covered by CRAS Cará-Cará, which is responsible for 37 neighborhoods, and covers part of the southern region of the city. In these families, there was 169 school age teenagers, between March 2013 and May 2015, in violation of conditionalities, all for school dropout, or truancy. Therefore, the research shows that the absence of schools and day care centers in these families’ neighborhoods, plus high school vacancies available only in night time, are the main causes of school dropouts, hence the violation of PBF’s conditionalities.
A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo geral, a seguinte questão: Compreender as dificuldades das famílias residentes na área de abrangência do CRAS Cará-Cará no cumprimento das condicionalidades frente a uma cidade segregada. O processo de formação urbana do Município de Ponta Grossa, no que diz respeito a moradia, foi extremamente segregador. Perante este cenário de consolidação de segregação urbana no Município percebemos que as políticas de transferência direta de renda, mais precisamente o Programa Bolsa Família(PBF), “exigem” o cumprimento de uma série de condicionalidades para que as famílias assistidas se mantenham recebendo este benefício, estas condicionalidades estão diretamente ligadas a um desenvolvimento urbano igualitário, pois dependem, basicamente, da existência de escolas, creches e postos de saúde nas localidades em que os beneficiários residem, como estas periferias, de maneira geral, sempre foram/estão defasadas em relação aos equipamentos urbanos, o cumprimento das condicionalidades acaba virando mais uma dificuldade na vida destes indivíduos, que na sua maioria, vivem em situação de pobreza ou extrema pobreza. Analisamos a situação de 132 famílias residentes na área de abrangência do CRAS unidade Cará-Cará, unidade a qual é responsável por 37 vilas, cobrindo parte da região Sul do Município. Estas famílias, na qual existiam 169 adolescentes em idade escolar, se encontravam no período entre março de 2013 a maio de 2015, em descumprimento das condicionalidades, todas por evasão escolar. Constatou-se que a inexistência de escolas e creches nos locais de moradia destas pessoas, aliada a oferta de vagas de Ensino Médio apenas no período noturno, são as principais causas da evasão escolar, consequentemente do descumprimento das condicionalidades do PBF.

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49

Sagan, Hans Nicholas. "Specters of '68| Protest, Policing, and Urban Space." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3733389.

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Political protest is an increasingly frequent occurrence in urban public space. During times of protest, the use of urban space transforms according to special regulatory circumstances and dictates. The reorganization of economic relationships under neoliberalism carries with it changes in the regulation of urban space. Environmental design is part of the toolkit of protest control.

Existing literature on the interrelation of protest, policing, and urban space can be broken down into four general categories: radical politics, criminological, technocratic, and technicalprofessional. Each of these bodies of literature problematizes core ideas of crowds, space, and protest differently. This leads to entirely different philosophical and methodological approaches to protests from different parties and agencies.

This paper approaches protest, policing, and urban space using a critical-theoretical methodology coupled with person-environment relations methods. This paper examines political protest at American Presidential National Conventions. Using genealogical-historical analysis and discourse analysis, this paper examines two historical protest event-sites to develop baselines for comparison: Chicago 1968 and Dallas 1984. Two contemporary protest event-sites are examined using direct observation and discourse analysis: Denver 2008 and St. Paul 2008.

Results show that modes of protest policing are products of dominant socioeconomic models of society, influenced by local policing culture and historical context. Each of the protest event-sites studied represents a crisis in policing and the beginning of a transformation in modes of protest policing. Central to protest policing is the concept of territorial control; means to achieve this control vary by mode of protest policing, which varies according to dominant socioeconomic model. Protesters used a variety of spatial strategies at varying degrees of organization. Both protesters and police developed innovations in spatial practice in order to make their activities more effective.

This has significant consequences for professionalized urban design. Both protester and policing spatial innovation involves the tactical reorganization and occupation of urban space. As urban space plays a constituent role in protest and policing, environmental designers must be aware of the political consequences of their designs.

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50

Wang, Xiaodong Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Impacts of greenhouse gas mitigation policies on agricultural land." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42412.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 155-162).
Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are widely acknowledged to be responsible for much of the global warming in the past century. A number of approaches have been proposed to mitigate GHG emissions. Since the burning of fossil-based fuels is an important source of GHGs, the policies on GHG-mitigation encourage the replacement of fossil-based energy with biomass energy. However, a large-scale development of biomass energy may lead to changes in agricultural land use, which are important sources of GHG emissions, and therefore undermine the effectiveness of GHG-mitigation policies. In this research, I analyze the impacts of GHG-mitigation policies on five types of agricultural land (cropland, managed forestry land, pasture land, un-managed forestry land, and un-managed grassland) as well as carbon stored in such land during the 21st century. The scholars in the MIT Joint Program of Science and Policy on Global Change use the Integrated Global Systems Model (IGSM) to simulate changes in climate in response to GHG-mitigation policies, while the researchers at the U. S. Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) apply the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model (TEM) to simulate land productivities. Based on the predictions of land characteristics affecting land-use decisions, I develop an econometric model to predict the land use affected by climate, GHGs, and tropospheric ozone at the grid-cell scale of 0.5 * 0.5 longitude by latitude. I use the Emissions Prediction and Policy Analysis (EPPA) model to capture the regional land use driven by economic forces. Then, I develop the downscaling methods to link these two land-use effects. I conduct this research in two scenarios: in the baseline, I assume that there are no policies to mitigate GHG emissions during the 21st century; in the policy scenario, I assume that there are specific policies to limit GHG emissions during the 21st century.
(cont.) I confirm the hypothesis that biomass-energy production would lead to the conversion of the five types of agricultural land, and the carbon stored in such land would decrease; the GHG-mitigation policies, leading to more production of biomass energy and conversion of agricultural land, would cause an even more severe loss of the carbon stored in agricultural land. Although the GHG-mitigation policies would generally reduce the atmospheric GHG emissions by using more energy from biomass, such endeavors would be partly counteracted by the land-use conversion as a result of large-scale production of biomass energy.
by Xiaodong Wang.
Ph.D.

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