Academic literature on the topic 'Urban Planning Design'

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Journal articles on the topic "Urban Planning Design"

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Banerjee, Tridib. "Response to “Commentary: Is Urban Design Still Urban Planning?”: Whither Urban Design? Inside or Outside Planning?" Journal of Planning Education and Research 31, no. 2 (May 25, 2011): 208–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x11403275.

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พิมลเสถียร, ยงธนิศร์. "Planning and Urban Design Standards." Journal of Architectural/Planning Research and Studies (JARS) 4, no. 2 (August 8, 2022): 227–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.56261/jars.v4i2.169260.

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ในวงการวิชาชีพและวิชาการผังเมือง ได้เคยมีการรวบรวมมาตรฐานในการวางและจัดทำผังเมืองมาบ้างแล้ว ทั้งในประเทศและต่างประเทศ อย่างไรก็ตาม การจัดทำมาตรฐานด้านการผังเมืองส่วนใหญ่จะไม่ครอบคลุมทุกด้าน บางแห่งมีเฉพาะด้านมาตรฐานการพัฒนาที่อยู่อาศัย หรือด้านการออกแบบชุมชนเมือง หรือมีเฉพาะการวางแผนการใช้ที่ดินและความหนาแน่น หนังสือเล่มนี้ได้มีการรวบรวมและนำเสนอมาตรฐานทุกด้านที่เกี่ยวกับการวางและจัดทำผังเมืองในระดับต่าง ๆ รวมทั้งการออกแบบชุมชนเมืองด้วย
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Polska, Anna. "Communist Urban Planning and Urban Design – Key Elements." Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Sklodowska, sectio B – Geographia, Geologia, Mineralogia et Petrographia 76 (November 29, 2021): 223–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17951/b.2021.76.0.223-237.

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Ažman Momirski, Lučka, and Kaliopa Dimitrovska Andrews. "Urban design workshops: A planning tool." Urbani izziv, no. 30-31 (1997): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5379/urbani-izziv-en-1997-30-31-005.

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Aschwanden, Gideon D. P. A., Simon Haegler, Frédéric Bosché, Luc Van Gool, and Gerhard Schmitt. "Empiric design evaluation in urban planning." Automation in Construction 20, no. 3 (May 2011): 299–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2010.10.007.

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Timmermans, H. "Decision Support Systems in Urban Planning and Urban Design." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 21, no. 1 (February 1994): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b210001.

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Talen, Emily. "Response to “Commentary: Is Urban Design Still Urban Planning?”." Journal of Planning Education and Research 31, no. 2 (May 25, 2011): 211–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0739456x11403274.

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Gebbeken, Norbert, and Torsten Döge. "Explosion Protection—Architectural Design, Urban Planning and Landscape Planning." International Journal of Protective Structures 1, no. 1 (March 2010): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/2041-4196.1.1.1.

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Gulpınar Sekban, Demet Ulku, and Ertan Düzgüneş. "Planting Design Approach in Sustainable Urban Planning." International Journal of Built Environment and Sustainability 8, no. 2 (May 11, 2021): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/ijbes.v8.n2.674.

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The increased pressures associated with climate change and urbanization processes adversely affect the quality of life of the cities and damage the sustainability of the cities. Sustainability of a city depends on the social, economic and ecological flexible uses that these pressures can tolerate. The examination of these flexible uses within the city brings along the sustainability of the landscape. Landscape serving flexible uses for urban sustainability; All the unconscious elements that make up that landscape, especially the vegetation landscape element, should support the concept of sustainability. Within the scope of the study, it was aimed to determine sustainable design approaches in the fields of planting and to create an evaluation scale accordingly by examining the sustainable planting design approaches in urban scale. An answer was sought to the question of how sustainable the planting activities of Trabzon province are. In the study, 40 studies defined as sustainable landscape areas were examined and 27 sub-parameters were developed under 4 main titles within the framework of these studies. The parameters are examined in the regions represented by the city components that make up the city and it is tried to determine what is necessary for the sustainability of the city
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Lebedeva, O. A. "PLANNING AND DESIGN OF SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY." Modern Technologies and Scientific and Technological Progress 1, no. 1 (April 12, 2019): 186–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.36629/2686-9896/2019-1-1-186-187.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urban Planning Design"

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Wu, Yucheng. "The role of urban design in urban development : Taiwan's urban design in comparative perspective." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366776.

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Ng, Kim-wai. "Urban design guidelines for urban planning : their applications in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14014543.

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Klaasen, I. T. "Knowledge-based design developing urban & regional design into a science /." Delft : Delft University Press, 2004. http://www.ebrary.com/.

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Ng, Kim-wai, and 吳劍偉. "Urban design guidelines for urban planning: their applications in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893570.

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Klaasen, Ina T. "Knowledge-based design : developing urban & regional design into a science /." Delft : Delft University Press, 2004. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0607/2005377632.html.

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Yeung, Mei-nai Carina. "Urban purifier + information cells." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25950356.

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Huo, Ning. "The changing role of urban design in China's urban development." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2001. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21412.

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The overall objective of the research was to evaluate the performance of the Chinese planning system on design, urban design in particular, and to search for ways to integrate urban design thinking with existing urban planning agendas to improve design control in China. The reason for undertaking this research was due to the general perception that urban design did not play the role that it deserved in China. Despite an increasing number of initiatives, the question of how to address urban design issues in planning and development control remains a source of controversy. Focusing on the Chinese planning system, the research examined the approaches, the procedures, and the general effectiveness of design control in China. The research emphasised more at a local level by taking Guangzhou as a case study. It also evaluated the strengths and weaknesses of the recent urban design initiatives, namely, the Urban Design Plans for specific districts and the Model Community Program. Moreover, the research has examined the British design experience and looked in more detail at the recent experience of Glasgow. The research revealed that the main defects were the incomprehensive design concerns in local policies and plans, the inability of current statutory plans to deal with design issues, the lack of appropriate design guidance, the poor understanding of the local character, and the lack of openness and co-ordination in the planning process. Recent urban design initiatives have generated interest but have achieved limited success due to the lack of strategic level thinking. The examination of the British design experience has offered some valuable lessons. These include the incorporation of urban design principles at all levels of planning, an emphasis on the quality of the public realm, careful and detailed analysis of the local context as the basis for the development of design policy and guidance, and an appreciation of the value of public participation and involvement. Combining this understanding of the inefficiencies of China's design control with the lessons drawn from the British experience, the thesis also makes a number of recommendations for improving China's planning and development control system.
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Tang, Kwok-Leung. "Urban design control : case study in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25799411.

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Edussuriya, Priyantha S. "Impact of urban physical design attributes on urban air quality and microclimate : towards formulation of urban design guidelines for Mong Kok /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25798881.

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Wong, Sau-kin. "Tourism planning and urban design in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43895189.

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Books on the topic "Urban Planning Design"

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Pratelli, A. Urban street design & planning. Southampton: WIT Press, 2014.

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1951-, Krieger Alex, and Saunders William S, eds. Urban design. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2009.

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The urban design process. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1985.

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1962-, Larice Michael, and Macdonald Elizabeth 1959-, eds. The urban design reader. London: Routledge, 2007.

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Companion to Urban design. New York: Routledge, 2010.

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Performative urban design. Aalborg [Denmark]: Aalborg University Press, 2010.

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1950-, Nicolai Andrei, ed. Urban structure, Halifax: An urban design approach. Halifax, N.S: TUNS Press, 1998.

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M, Smith Karen, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Eco-Urban Design. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2011.

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Urban coding and planning. London: Routledge, 2011.

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Dixon, David, 1947 July 17- and Gillham Oliver, eds. Urban design for an urban century: Placemaking for people. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Urban Planning Design"

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Levy, John M. "Urban Design*." In Contemporary Urban Planning, 170–207. Eleventh Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2016. | Revised edition of the author’s Contemporary urban planning, 2013.: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315619408-10.

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Faga, Barbara. "Urban Design." In The Routledge Handbook of International Planning Education, 275–91. New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315661063-24.

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Buras, Nir. "Classic Planning." In Urban Experience and Design, 28–39. New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367435585-4.

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Couch, Chris. "Placemaking: Urban Design and Conservation in Urban Planning." In Urban Planning, 240–68. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-42758-8_8.

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LeGates, Richard T. "Urban Design and Placemaking." In City and Regional Planning, 45–63. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003195818-3.

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Palermo, Pier Carlo, and Davide Ponzini. "City Design." In Spatial Planning and Urban Development, 125–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8870-3_16.

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Meroni, Anna, and Daniela Selloni. "Service Master Planning." In Service Design for Urban Commons, 75–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06035-9_8.

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Perrone, Camilla. "Giancarlo Paba’s Trilogy of Luoghi comuni (Common Places, 1998), Movimenti urbani (Urban Movements, 2003), Corpi urbani (Urban Bodies, 2010): Influential Italian “Critical Planning” Thinking." In Critical Planning and Design, 15–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93107-0_2.

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Willis, Katharine S., and Alessandro Aurigi. "Planning, urban design and architecture." In Digital and Smart Cities, 137–69. 1 Edition. | New York : Routledge, 2018. |: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315712451-10.

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Beatley, Timothy. "Biophilic Urban Design and Planning." In Biophilic Cities, 83–129. Washington, DC: Island Press/Center for Resource Economics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5822/978-1-59726-986-5_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Urban Planning Design"

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Xiaodong, Kou, Yang Lin, and Cai Lin. "Artificial Urban Planning: Application of MAS in Urban Planning Education." In 2008 International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Design (ISCID). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iscid.2008.32.

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Molin-Juustila, Tonja, Johanna Nuojua, and Kari Kuutti. "Urban planning and ubicomp design." In the 5th Nordic conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1463160.1463233.

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Nilsson, Elisabet. "Gardening communities as urban archives and social resource in urban planning." In Nordes 2015: Design Ecologies. Nordes, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21606/nordes.2015.021.

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Teo, Adrian, Yee S. F., Lam S. K., and Teo G. C. "Planning and Design of Downtown Line Stage 2." In World Urban Transit Conference 2010. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-08-6396-8_p157.

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Lu, Wei, Xiaosheng Qin, and Jun Changhyun. "Urban Flood Damage Assessment for Water Sensitive Urban Design." In Annual International Conference on Urban Planning and Property Development (UPPD 2016). Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/0000-0000_uppd.32.

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"Urban Safe Haven: Planning and Design." In May 17-18, 2017 Istanbul (Turkey). DiRPUB, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/dirpub.dir0517406.

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Lu, Wei, Xiaosheng Qin, and Changhyun Jun. "Urban Flood Damage Assessment for Water Sensitive Urban Design." In 2nd Annual International Conference on Urban Planning and Property Development (UPPD 2016). Global Science & Technology Forum (GSTF), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5176/2425-0112_uppd16.32.

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PÉREZ-DELHOYO, RAQUEL, HIGINIO MORA, and JOSÉ FRANCISCO PAREDES. "USING SOCIAL NETWORK DATA TO IMPROVE PLANNING AND DESIGN OF SMART CITIES." In URBAN GROWTH 2018. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ug180161.

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Bae, Min-Hyuk, Dong-In Woo, Hyun Cho, Kwang-Su Ahn, and Nock-Hee Han. "Planning and Design of Honam High-speed Railroad’s Bridges." In World Urban Transit Conference 2010. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-08-6396-8_p134.

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Chong, Chew Tai. "Sustainable Railway Development through Careful Planning, Design and Implementation." In World Urban Transit Conference 2010. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-08-6396-8_plenary4.

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Reports on the topic "Urban Planning Design"

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Haysom, Gareth, Jane Battersby, Jane Weru, Luke Metelerkamp, and Nomonde Buthelezi. Integrating food sensitive planning and urban design into urban governance actions. TMG Research gGmbH, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35435/2.2022.9.

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TMG’s Urban Food Futures programme closes its scoping phase with a series of reports summarising the main insights lying the foundation for the next phase of action research. This working paper, written in collaboration with partners African Centre for Cities (ACC), FACT and Muungano AMT, argues that for the progressive realization of the right to food in urban settings, food sensitive planning and urban design must be integrated into urban governance actions. Findings from Ouagadougou, Nairobi, and Cape Town indicate the necessary steps that need to be taken toward more food-sensitive planning: clearly defining the mandate to govern urban food systems by national and local governments; drawing from community knowledge and experience for strategic thinking around food systems, and politicising urban food system issues to create the momentum needed in holding relevant authorities accountable.
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Fan, Mingyuan. Green Urban Planning: Lessons from Mongolia on Climate Proofing Cities in Cold Regions. Asian Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220613-2.

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This paper identifies lessons for urban planning in cold climates from an Asian Development Bank pilot project in Mongolia. In cold climates, urban design needs to take into account local topography, standards of living, and microclimatic conditions of the built environment. This paper highlights ways of integrating climate-sensitive design into urban centers to promote resilience, infrastructure efficiency, and livability.
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Hemmersam, Peter, Håvard Breivik-Khan, Morgan Ip, and Tone Selmer-Olsen. The Role of Urban Public Spaces in Managing Displacement in Norway. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.041.

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Refugees, temporarily displaced people, and migrants who arrive in Norwegian cities would benefit from equitable access to urban public spaces. Research suggests that the design and management of public urban spaces and local neighbourhood centres can improve migrants’ wellbeing and encourage local cross-cultural interactions. Permanent architectural and urban spaces planned and built for emergency purposes should benefit people who are displaced as well as host communities. To achieve this, urban planning, and migration and displacement management – two mostly separate fields of governance – should collaborate and learn from each other.
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Schluckebier, Kai. Intersections in contemporary traffic planning. Goethe-Universität, Institut für Humangeographie, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.58866.

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In Germany, traffic planning still follows the tradition of modernist urban planning theory from the beginning of the 1930s and car-oriented city planning during the post-war period in West Germany. From a methodological perspective, the prevailing narrative is that traffic can be abstracted and modelled under laboratory conditions (in vitro) as a spatial movement process of individual neutral particles. The use of these laboratory experiments in traffic planning cannot be understood as a neutral application of experimental results, assumed to be true, in a variety of spatial contexts. Rather, it is an active practice of staging traffic according to a particular social interactionist paradigm. According to this, traffic is staged through interventions in planning authorities as well as the practices of people on the streets. In order to describe these staging conduits, traffic is ontologically thought of as a social order that is continuously reproduced situationally through interactions, following Erving Goffman and Harold Garfinkel. To investigate the staging conduits empirically, an ethnographic-inspired field study was conducted at Willy-Brandt-Platz in Frankfurt am Main in May and June 2020. Through situational mapping and observation of social interactions (in situ), knowledge about the staging of social orders was generated. These empirical findings are further embedded in debates that discuss traffic not only as a staging but also as an enactment of certain realities. Understanding planning practice as a political enactment, through which realities are not only described but also made, makes it possible for us to think and design alternative realities.
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Lappi, Tiina-Riitta, and Miika Tervonen. Public Spaces, Placemaking and Integration of Migrants in Finland. Institute of Development Studies, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2022.045.

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Placemaking and urban public spaces are important but often neglected factors in the integration and wellbeing of forcibly displaced people and other migrants. Placemaking – a multifaceted approach to the planning, design, and management of public spaces – is highly relevant for many migrants, for whom spaces outside the home are important for building community and promoting wellbeing. Yet migrants tend to have limited access and ability to use public spaces and are under-represented in urban planning processes. Efforts to integrate migrants need to explicitly address spatial aspects, and processes of urban planning and redevelopment need to be more inclusive.
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Yoon, Seok Yong, Thilo Zelt, and Ulf Narloch. Smart City Pathways for Developing Asia: An Analytical Framework and Guidance. Asian Development Bank, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200342-2.

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The strategic use of digital technologies can enable smart cities to provide more accessible and better quality urban services for citizens, businesses, and governments. This working paper offers an analytical framework to assess, design, and implement smart city concepts that apply digital technologies tailored to specific contexts. It is intended to guide smart city practitioners and decision-makers in developing Asia to enhance their advisory services, project planning and implementation, and stakeholder engagement efforts.
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Yue, Yunfeng. Making Urban Power Distribution Systems Climate-Resilient. Asian Development Bank, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps220221.

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This working paper is designed to help ADB’s developing member countries build climate-resilient energy systems that can better support fast-growing cities in Asia and the Pacific. It shows how the COVID-19 pandemic underscored the urgent need for improved power networks and outlines why social inclusion should be central to energy system planning. Using actual examples from countries including India and Bangladesh, the study analyzes the risks and reliability of different energy solutions. Proposing a risk-based approach to energy system planning, it also considers the role that renewables and microgrids can play in building the climate-resilient infrastructure needed to support sustainable urban growth.
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Benkraouda, Ouafa, Lindsay Braun, and Arnab Chakraborty. Policies and Design Guidelines to Plan for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-012.

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This report chronicles the work undertaken by researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana Champaign to identify policies and design guidelines to plan for connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs) in mid-sized regions in Illinois. The report starts with the goals of this work followed by a review of existing literature. The review addresses CAV technologies and scenario planning, including academic research articles, policies and guidance documents from federal and state agencies, and recent long-range transportation plans. The review findings are organized into three categories—drivers, levers, and impacts—to facilitate scenario-based planning and included key factors and trends in technology development and adoption (drivers), mechanisms that planners and policymakers may employ to intervene in or prepare for CAV futures (levers), and community-level outcomes of different plausible CAV futures (impacts). Primary research was undertaken first by interviewing practitioners in six mid-sized regions of Illinois to collect inputs about their needs and obstacles to planning for CAVs, as well as to understand their sense of their community’s preparedness for CAVs. The research team then conducted a detailed survey of over 700 residents from the Greater Peoria region to understand their would-be travel behavior and residential location decisions in a CAV future and general attitude toward self-driving cars. These inputs helped identify the key drivers, levers, and impacts to be employed in creating scenarios, a list of selected policies and design, and a framework to select appropriate responses based on the needs and desires of a community. The detailed scenarios are as follows: (1) continuation of the status quo, (2) private multimodal future, and (3) shared multimodal future. The policies and design guidelines are identified for each scenario and are categorized into six sets of action items: general, data and digitization, mobility and traffic, street design, infrastructure, and planning. Specific details of each action item are organized in a format that allows the user to consider each item carefully and to assess its feasibility in a specific region or city. The appendices include background documents related to primary research and, importantly, a handbook for practitioners.
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Appleyard, Bruce, Jonathan Stanton, and Chris Allen. Toward a Guide for Smart Mobility Corridors: Frameworks and Tools for Measuring, Understanding, and Realizing Transportation Land Use Coordination. Mineta Transportation Institue, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1805.

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The coordination of transportation and land use (also known as “smart growth”) has been a long-standing goal for planning and engineering professionals, but to this day it remains an elusive concept to realize. Leaving us with this central question -- how can we best achieve transportation and land use coordination at the corridor level? In response, this report provides a review of literature and practice related to sustainability, livability, and equity (SLE) with a focus on corridor-level planning. Using Caltrans’ Corridor Planning Process Guide and Smart Mobility Framework as guideposts, this report also reviews various principles, performance measures, and place typology frameworks, along with current mapping and planning support tools (PSTs). The aim being to serve as a guidebook that agency staff can use for reference, synergizing planning insights from various data sources that had not previously been brought together in a practical frame. With this knowledge and understanding, a key section provides a discussion of tools and metrics and how they can be used in corridor planning. For illustration purposes, this report uses the Smart Mobility Calculator (https://smartmobilitycalculator. netlify.app/), a novel online tool designed to make key data easily available for all stakeholders to make better decisions. For more information on this tool, see https://transweb.sjsu.edu/research/1899-Smart-Growth-Equity-Framework-Tool. The Smart Mobility Calculator is unique in that it incorporates statewide datasets on urban quality and livability which are then communicated through a straightforward visualization planners can readily use. Core sections of this report cover the framework and concepts upon which the Smart Mobility Calculator is built and provides examples of its functionality and implementation capabilities. The Calculator is designed to complement policies to help a variety of agencies (MPOs, DOTs, and local land use authorities) achieve coordination and balance between transportation and land use at the corridor level.
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Bano, Masooda, and Daniel Dyonisius. The Role of District-Level Political Elites in Education Planning in Indonesia: Evidence from Two Districts. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2022/109.

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Focus on decentralisation as a way to improve service delivery has led to significant research on the processes of education-policy adoption and implementation at the district level. Much of this research has, however, focused on understanding the working of the district education bureaucracies and the impact of increased community participation on holding teachers to account. Despite recognition of the role of political elites in prioritising investment in education, studies examining this, especially at the district-government level, are rare. This paper explores the extent and nature of engagement of political elites in setting the education-reform agenda in two districts in the state of West Java in Indonesia: Karawang (urban district) and Purwakarta (rural district). The paper shows that for a country where the state schooling system faces a serious learning crisis, the district-level political elites do show considerable levels of engagement with education issues: governments in both districts under study allocate higher percentages of the district-government budget to education than mandated by the national legislation. However, the attitude of the political elites towards meeting challenges to the provision of good-quality education appears to be opportunistic and tokenistic: policies prioritised are those that promise immediate visibility and credit-taking, help to consolidate the authority of the bupati (the top political position in the district-government hierarchy), and align with the ruling party’s political positioning or ideology. A desire to appease growing community demand for investment in education rather than a commitment to improving learning outcomes seems to guide the process. Faced with public pressure for increased access to formal employment opportunities, the political elites in the urban district have invested in providing scholarships for secondary-school students to ensure secondary school completion, even though the district-government budget is meant for primary and junior secondary schools. The bupati in the rural district, has, on the other hand, prioritised investment in moral education; such prioritisation is in line with the community's preferences, but it is also opportunistic, as increased respect for tradition also preserves reverence for the post of the bupati—a position which was part of the traditional governance system before being absorbed into the modern democratic framework. The paper thus shows that decentralisation is enabling communities to make political elites recognise that they want the state to prioritise education, but that the response of the political elites remains piecemeal, with no evidence of a serious commitment to pursuing policies aimed at improving learning outcomes. Further, the paper shows that the political culture at the district level reproduces the problems associated with Indonesian democracy at the national level: the need for cross-party alliances to hold political office, and resulting pressure to share the spoils. Thus, based on the evidence from the two districts studied for this paper, we find that given the competitive and clientelist nature of political settlements in Indonesia, even the district level political elite do not seem pressured to prioritise policies aimed at improving learning outcomes.
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