Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Urban planning and health'
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Burton, Salma. "Evaluation in health promotion : assessing effectiveness of Healthy City Project evaluations." Thesis, London South Bank University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326942.
Full textMueller, Natalie 1988. "Health impact assessment of urban and transport planning policies." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/664239.
Full textAlgunas de las características de la vida urbana como el estilo de vida sedentario, el riesgo de sufrir accidentes de tráfico, los altos niveles de contaminación atmosférica, el ruido, el calor y la falta de espacios verdes pueden tener efectos perjudiciales en nuestra salud y bienestar. Aunque se sabe que estas exposiciones afectan nuestra salud, existe poca cuantificación de estos factores de riesgo en el contexto urbano. Las evaluaciones del impacto sobre la salud cuantitativas (HIA por sus siglas en inglés) proporcionan datos sobre los factores de riesgo en la salud e información del equilibrio entre beneficio y riesgo de las políticas públicas. Se estima que cada año casi 3,000 muertes prematuras, más de 50,000 años de vida ajustados por discapacidad (DALYs por sus siglas en inglés) y más de 20 millones de € de gastos directos en el sistema de salud que son atribuibles a las actuales políticas urbanas y de transporte en Barcelona, España. Esta tesis sugiere que el tráfico rodado en las ciudades necesita ser reducido mediante (1) la promoción del transporte activo (caminar, ir en bicicleta, transporte público), facilitada p.ej. por la expansión de la red de carril de bicicleta, y (2) con el aumento de los espacios verdes. Se estimó que el transporte activo y los espacios verdes proporcionan considerables beneficios netos para la salud a través del aumento de la actividad física y de la mitigación de las emisiones de contaminantes atmosféricos, ruido y calor asociadas al transporte motorizado. La presente tesis concluye que la HIA es una herramienta útil para la cuantificación anticipada de los impactos en la salud de las políticas públicas y se recomienda una aplicación extensiva de esta metodología
Dvorak, Amy. "To health with planning : a manual for promoting active, healthy living through community planning." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/3860.
Full textWilliams, Roy Jerome III. "Integrating community health workers in schools." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81642.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-63).
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA) has set the tone for a radically revised health landscape in America that focuses on community-based care. Our health care system, however, has neither the infrastructure nor the vision to properly account for these demands. One possible solution is to redefine how established positions and organizations can be utilized to help accommodate the emerging needs. School-based health centers (SBHCs), for example, have traditionally provided general health services to students and members of the surrounding community. In many low-income neighborhoods, however, the needs of the community members far outpace the capabilities of the SBHCs and local community-based health centers. One promising answer to the need for community-based care is the integration of community health workers (CHWs) in SBHCs. The PPACA has identified CHWs as an integral component of health teams. They serve to connect people who have been historically marginalized to necessary health services and advocate on the behalf of community needs. This commentary proposes the integration of the CHW role into schools to provide comprehensive health-services to more students and community members than can be currently served. The argument begins with an examination of Massachusetts' CHW advocates' struggle to legitimize the field to gain the professional respect of other medical professions. Next, it explores the possibilities of a CHW in a school setting and makes recommendations to improve the viability and effectiveness of the role. It closes with an analysis of different views of community-based care and the role of planning in negotiating future workforce development challenges.
by Roy Jerome (RJ) Williams, III.
M.C.P.
Denyer, Laurie Michelle. "Call me 'at-risk' : maternal health in Sao Paulo's public health clinics and the desire for cesarean technology." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/55107.
Full textVita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 63-69).
This paper is based on ethnographic field research undertaken in a public health clinic in the periphery of São Paulo, as well as an examination of the "Humanisation of Childbirth Campaign". The Humanisation Campaign is a Brazilian public health initiative targeted at low-income women that aims to drastically lower country-wide caesarean rates. This paper will consider how pregnant women actively seek to be labeled 'at risk' during ante-natal care by doctors, nurses and health care technicians in order to ensure access to caesarean technology during their birthing process, in order to avoid the discrimination and physical abuse often associated with a vaginal delivery. I suggest that experiences of riscos, or riskiness, bear heavily on women's pragmatic adoption of interventionist birthing. Riscos, as it has been explained to me, is experienced both bodily and socially, as a physical threat to bodies that is experienced via physical and social violence within the clinic. In this paper, I plan to explore the phenomenology of risk, and how, for women from the periphery, risk to body and health is an embodied experience, and situated within the social and political context within which individual experience occurs. Ethnographic work suggests that women seek inclusion into 'expert' biomedical risk assessments and categories that ordinarily exclude or overlook them. This paper will be situated in an examination of the Humanisation of Birth Campaign, it will explore the conflicting meanings about what 'natural, normal and tradtional' means in Brazil, and the ongoing debate over birthing that is currently encapsulated in the narratives surrounding the Humanisation Campaign.
(cont.) This pragmatic desire to adopt risk labels offers a window into understanding a new range of questions about how public health narratives have direct implications for women's reproductive health, while at the same time reconfigure women's conceptions of, and negotiations with, bodily risk and flexibility.
by Laurie Michelle Denyer.
S.M.
Arcaya, Mariana Clair. "Possibilities for health-conscious assisted housing mobility." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44359.
Full text"June 2008."
Includes bibliographical references.
Many poor, segregated, urban neighborhoods are rife with risks to health, which contributes to stark racial and geographic disparities in health. Fighting health disparities requires buy-in from non-health professionals whose work directly impacts the way cities are designed and governed. This thesis provides a case study of one non-health initiative, assisted housing mobility, with clear relevance to health disparities. Research suggests that moving from high- to lower-poverty neighborhoods may confer a range of health benefits on individuals; however, assisted housing mobility programs are, to date, relocation-only interventions. Could these programs more deliberately promote health, and should they do so? Through interviews and a review of counseling materials, I examine. how nine assisted housing mobility programs are linked to health, how health is understood by program staff, and how managers might offer more health-conscious programming. Based on a review of pathways between health and housing and neighborhoods, I identified five areas of intervention around which managers could build healthful programs: housing units, neighborhoods, health behavior and awareness, social connectedness, and access to health services. For each area of intervention, I detail possibilities for active versus passive approaches, and document relevant practices from the profiled programs. I then explore practitioner attitudes towards integrating health into mobility programs. Although most practitioners see their work as disconnected from health, their programs actually play a promising mediating role. Concerns about mandate, privacy, legality, liability, and capacity hinder programs from exploring health. So does limited understanding of how to incorporate health appropriately.
(cont.) Yet, most staff members are encouraged that their work may improve client health, and many want to do more. I recommend steps programs could take to provide better health-related information and discuss health more openly throughout housing counseling so families can make deliberate choices. I provide a preliminary assessment of relative costs and benefits of each step. I note that program managers will require technical and collegial support in order to implement the suggested changes well. The Poverty & Race Research Action Council, which helped guide my research, could provide needed support.
by Mariana Clair Arcaya.
M.C.P.
Carter, May Elizabeth. "Health and the nature of urban green spaces." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2009. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1838.
Full textPoku, Alfred Boateng 1974. "Decentralization and health service delivery : Uganda case study." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69394.
Full textDaepp, Madeleine I. G. (Madeleine Isabelle Gorkin). "Three Essays on residential mobility, housing, and health." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/129066.
Full textCataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 107-121).
Over 700,000 people moved for health reasons in the last year, and many more moved for reasons in which health was implicated, such as to escape climate hazards. Changes in the extent to which a residence promotes health should change housing prices--an important health and social exposure in its own right, as well as a mechanism through which numerous other features of a place are reshaped--yet the relationships between residential mobility, health, and housing markets remain poorly understood. This dissertation comprises three papers on the association of residential mobility with health and housing. In the first paper, I evaluate the effect of a localized change in healthcare access--the 2006 Massachusetts Healthcare Reform--on housing prices and interstate migration along the state border.
I find an increase in the prices of affordable housing that is offset by a commensurate decrease in the price of luxury housing; I also observe a small increase in migration into Massachusetts versus into neighboring states. My second paper seeks to better understand the effects of climate migration on housing markets. Examining the impacts of displacement due to Hurricane Katrina, I show that housing prices decreased in destination neighborhoods that received the largest numbers of movers, relative to neighborhoods that did not receive large inflows. Effects are larger in predominantly Black destination neighborhoods than in predominantly White destination neighborhoods. I also find larger effects in places that received more economically disadvantaged movers relative to similar neighborhoods that received more advantaged movers.
My third paper describes a collaboration with the Healthy Neighborhoods Study Consortium, for whom I constructed a data set of estimated moving flows between Massachusetts neighborhoods. I then created a web-based app to make the resulting estimates accessible to planners, community organizations, and residents. An overarching theme of this work is the recognition that communities share housing and health challenges with the places to which former residents move and the places from which new residents arrive.
by Madeleine I. G. Daepp.
Ph. D. in Urban and Regional Planning
Ph.D.inUrbanandRegionalPlanning Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning
Laser, Shelby L. "Exploring the Effects of Biomes on Public Health of Urban Residents." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1556981191847726.
Full textAvey, Jaedon P. "Discharge planning from urban psychiatric facilities to rural communities using telehealth." Thesis, University of Alaska Anchorage, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3619191.
Full textCoordinating care is of particular concern in Alaska due to expansive geography, difficulty of travel, and often limited behavioral health care resources. This study explored how individual, organizational, and systemic factors influence clinicians' use of video teleconferencing to conduct "live" discharge plans from urban psychiatric facilities to rural communities.
Semi-structured key informant interviews were conducted, in person and by telephone, with urban clinical staff (n = 10), urban administrative staff (n = 6), and rural outpatient staff (n = 14). Two researchers analyzed the transcribed interviews in a recursive manner using a grounded theory methodology.
Participants described infrequent, but generally positive experiences with live discharge planning: connecting patients to providers, temporarily joining treatment teams, evaluating patients for appropriate placement, engaging patients in their own care, addressing medication issues, and coordinating with family and village resources. Providers recommended hiring interns or dedicated staff, installing equipment "on unit," or using wireless tablets. Rural participants ascribed a greater value to emergency psychiatric consultations at admissions than coordination at discharge.
Continued selective use of live discharge plans is indicated with patient length of stay being an important consideration in determining feasibility. Future implementation should involve dedicated resources and use video teleconferencing to formally enhance other transitional services. Once issues of organizational readiness are addressed, a Knowledge-Attitudes-Behavior framework may be useful for managing providers' underuse. Future research could evaluate rural, village-based intensive case management supported by consultation with the psychiatric hospital via video teleconferencing.
Chapman, Hilary S. "Overcoming barriers to participation in training : lessons from the home health care workers of 1199/SEIU, New York's Health and Human Services Union." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50128.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 69-72).
This thesis explores the barriers to participation in the 1199 Home Care Industry Bill Michelson Education Fund (Home Care Education Fund). The Home Care Education Fund is structured as a Taft-Hartley, joint labor-management training fund to provide skills upgrading opportunities to unionized home care workers. It is the only such fun in the United States devoted exclusively to home care workers. Home care is a growing sector of the health care industry, and home attendants and home health aides are projected to be among the fastest-growing occupations in the following decade, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Home care workers are also some of the most economically disadvantaged workers in the health care sector, earning poverty-level wages and, with the exception of 1199/SEIU members, lacking health insurance and pension benefits. Three sets of stakeholder groups were interviewed for this thesis: home care workers, who participated in a series of focus group meetings and personal interviews; home care agency employers; and Home Care Education Fund and ETJSP staff members. A written survey instrument was implemented to home care agency employers regarding their staffing levels and training benefits to supplement personal interviews. Each group articulated a coherent set of barriers facing home care workers, with unique challenges facing the agency employers and Education Fund staff in meeting the workers' needs. It is argued that shared interests bind these groups together and that a considerable overlap exists between the provision of quality medical care, welfare and job training policies. Further, there is an urgent need to support a frontline, marginalized workforce that is caring for thousands of disabled and elderly clients on a daily basis. The ultimate goal of this thesis is to identify those key barriers that prevent participation in the Home Care Education Fund so that staff and trustees may work together to tailor their services to meet their unique needs. It concludes with supporting recommendations for workforce development policy.
by Hilary Sharpless Chapman.
M.C.P.
Leibe, Mary. "Creating Healthy Urban Environments: Commercial Landscaping, Preference and Public Health." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2016. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2262.
Full textArredondo, Juan C. (Juan Carlos Arredondo Brun) 1974. "Environmental and health management in small and medium size enterprises." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17718.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 96-100).
Workers and employees are increasingly exposed in the workplace to chemical compounds and substances that are potentially toxic; for most of these compounds, no information exist regarding effects on human health. As one of the main employment generation sources, Small and Medium size Enterprises (SMEs) host a significant proportion of the environmental hazards currently present in the workplace. However, only a negligible amount of research or information has been completed and collected concerning SMEs environmental and health performance. SMEs possess environmental perceptions and an environmental and health behavior conditioned by the same qualitative attributes inherent to the small firm, from the kin relationships among the business members to the social role of the small company in a given community. With a prominent economic and social role in the society, SMEs are an important and still underestimated link in the environment-to-health chain. This thesis proposes an Environmental and Health Management model for SMEs. The model considers the convergence of medical, environmental, labor, and safety approaches and explores their interrelationship in three main components: the environmental conditions in the workplace, the (individuals) health conditions in the workplace, and the work-related conditions in the workplace. Nine fields of knowledge (Industrial Safety, Occupational Health, Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology, Industrial Hygiene, Toxicology, Environmental Health, Environmental Management, and Risk assessment) are considered as useful tools and approaches whose interaction may help SMEs to shape or modify their environmental perceptions and behavior, as well as may provide a general framework for the regulations applicable to SMEs.
by Juan C. Arredondo.
S.M.
Ostreicher, Linda. "A patient-oriented review of health care under cost containment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76393.
Full textMICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: leaves 141-149.
by Linda Ostreicher.
M.C.P.
Eckert, Jeanette Elizabeth. "Food Systems, Planning and Quantifying Access: How Urban Planning Can Strengthen Toledo’s Local Food System." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1271266072.
Full textMann, David. "Urban Agriculture: A Response to Urban Food Deserts." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1250617494.
Full textStigsdotter, Ulrika. "Landscape Architecture and Health : evidence-based health-promoting design and planning /." Alnarp : Dept. of Landscape Planning, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2005. http://epsilon.slu.se/200555.pdf.
Full textKim, Ella Jisun. "Frames and games : testing a public health orientation to climate adaptation planning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115710.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Current urban climate adaptation planning efforts tend to focus on protecting a city's physical assets from potential climate-related disasters, with an increasing emphasis on enhancing resilience, or building places that can absorb and withstand climatic shocks. Scholars and practitioners have critiqued climate adaptation planning's current focus on protecting physical assets, pointing out that adaptation plans rarely incorporate equity or social vulnerability. Consequently, calls have emerged for climate adaptation planning to focus on human vulnerabilities instead. To that end, my dissertation probes why and how the health impacts of climate change should be given a more prominent role in climate adaptation planning efforts. In reality, to structure the conversation around climate change to be about public health, cities will need new approaches to enhance public awareness of and facilitate engagement with climate risk management choices. Responding to calls for research on ways for cities to operationalize a focus on the health impacts of climate change, my dissertation project tested three methods of engaging citizens in public health-oriented climate adaptation planning. I find that cities have much to gain from framing climate change as a public health issue, as it boosts public concern about the severity of the problem and builds public support for policy action. I also find that serious games enhance awareness of local climate-related health risks and collective decision-making capacities, and argue that cities should utilize face-to-face and digital game-based engagement in climate adaptation planning efforts. My dissertation concludes with recommendations for cities on how to use a variety of public engagement methods to create pathways for envisioning local preferences in climate adaptation planning. This dissertation engages with and contributes to three areas of theory and practice. First, the dissertation examines the proposed normative and pragmatic benefits of cities adopting a public health orientation to climate adaptation planning. Second, the dissertation presents new tools for cities to enhance public awareness of and facilitate engagement with climate risk management choices. Finally, the dissertation project considers planners' roles in science-intensive planning and policymaking processes, in particular, through addressing the unique challenges to enhancing public engagement around climate change. Furthermore, it examines how planners can foster collective decision-making capacities among different publics, and ultimately, enable technically sound and politically feasible responses by individuals and communities to adapt to climate change.
by Ella Jisun Kim.
Ph. D. in Environmental Planning and Public Policy
Gould, Solange M. "Advancing Health Equity and Climate Change Solutions in California Through Integration of Public Health in Regional Planning." Thesis, University of California, Berkeley, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3733400.
Full textClimate change is a significant public health danger, with a disproportionate impact on low-income and communities of color that threatens to increase health inequities. Many important social determinants of health are at stake in California climate change policy-making and planning, and the distribution of these will further impact health inequities. Not only are these communities the most vulnerable to future health impacts due to the cumulative impacts of unequal environmental exposures and social stressors, they are also least likely to be represented in climate change decision-making processes. Therefore, it is imperative that public health and social equity advocates participate in climate change policy-making that protects and enhances the health and well-being of vulnerable communities. Regions have emerged as important policy-making arenas for both climate change and public health in California, because many drivers of climate change are also social determinants of health (e.g. land use, housing, and transportation planning); these play out regionally and are under regional governmental authority. However, the public health sector is not engaged adequately with climate change planning given the magnitude of risks and opportunities inherent for health. Examination of where public health and equity partners have engaged in regional climate change planning and policy-making may offer lessons for how to change the drivers of health inequities and climate change through this work.
This dissertation examines why the public health sector in California is not more engaged with climate change work and regional scale planning given current threats to and opportunities for health, and whether and how public health and social equity stakeholders’ participation in climate change solutions and regional scale planning can improve health and inequities outcomes and decision-making processes. The overarching goal of this research was to inform efforts to increase public health work on climate change and regional-scale planning, strengthen partnerships between public health, social equity, and climate change stakeholders, and formulate strategies that address climate change and health equity.
The first chapter of this dissertation was conducted in conjunction with a study at the Center for Climate Change and Health at the Public Health Institute, where we conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews (n=113) with public health and climate change professionals and advocates. I performed structured coding and conducted inductive-deductive thematic analysis within and across respondent groups. I found that individual-level barriers to public health engagement with climate change include perceptions that climate change is not urgent, immediate, or solvable, and insufficient understanding of public health impacts, connections, and roles. Institutional barriers include a lack of public health capacity, authority, and leadership due to risk aversion and politicization of climate change; a narrow framework for public health practice; and professional compartmentalization. Opportunities include integrating climate change into current public health practice; providing support for climate solutions with health co-benefits; and communicating, engaging and mobilizing impacted communities and public health professionals.
In the second chapter, I conducted two case studies of Sustainable Communities Strategies planning to achieve greenhouse gas reduction targets through integrated regional land use and transportation planning under California Senate Bill 375 (San Francisco Bay Area and Southern California). I used in-depth interviews (n=50) with SCS planning participants, public document review, and participant observation. I analyzed interviews using thematic analysis in an iterative inductive-deductive process. In both regions, climate change planning was a major lever for increasing the language, consideration, funding, and measurement of health impacts into the SCS plans. Public health’s analytic skills and social determinants of health conceptual framework were valuable for both regional planning agencies and equity groups. Political context influenced the priority concerns, framing, and outcomes. Desire to improve public health was influential in both of these environments. In the Bay Area, a health equity frame promoted regional solutions that can improve health, equity, and climate change. In SCAG, a public health frame increased awareness, language, and future funding for active transportation. Public health was a less contested and commonly held value across diverse political jurisdictions that may be an entry point for future discussions of equity and climate change. In both regions, reform of regional governance processes was pursued to sustain institutionalization of health and equity concerns and improve regional democracy. I discuss implications and recommendations for engaging in multi-system integrated regional planning that can simultaneously improve climate change, health, and equity.
In the third chapter, I analyze the same data as a case for understanding regional-scale public health, social equity, and regional planning staff efforts to slow climate change and improve social determinants of health and social equity. In both regions multi-year SCS planning processes, public health and equity stakeholder engagement was instrumental in getting health goals, targets, and indicators into plans. In the Bay Area, advocacy efforts yielded health and equity language in policies and implementation funding guidelines and changes to the basic governance structure. In SCAG, advocacy efforts yielded significant future funding for active transportation and more metrics to monitor the health and equity impacts of planning. Participants in the SCS planning process described their motivations for engaging at the regional level, the barriers to effective regional planning, the achievements of their engagement, and recommendations for improving future efforts. In the interviews, three main themes emerged related to the opportunities and challenges of working at the regional scale: (1) Building regional identity as a foundation for advancing health and equity; (2) The importance of governance structures for health and equity, and the need for regional governance reform; (3) The prospects and barriers of building regional coalitions both within public health networks and with regional equity partners. I discuss implications and recommendations for public health’s engagement with regional planning agencies, creation of coalitions, and reforming of regional governance structures to sustain better consideration of climate change, health, and equity.
Reeves, Halley Brunsteter. "Public health implications of hot summer days and vulnerability indexes in Massachusetts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/97341.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 37-41).
Due to ever-increasing summer temperatures and a population with minimal technological adaptations to help them cope, extreme heat events will likely have a large impact on vulnerable populations in Massachusetts. As such, heat events are likely to impact the health of residents because they are related to a rise in all-cause hospital admissions and other health outcomes. We sought to clarify how Massachusetts may improve their extreme heat event response policies. To do so, we examined Massachusetts' current policies and best practices for extreme heat event response as well as the spatiotemporal weather and vulnerability patterns throughout the state. As a result, we found that varying the scale of response will be necessary based on the extent of different heat events. Additionally, the state ought to clarify who is in charge at the state and regional levels. By better addressing the needs of its populations during heat events, Massachusetts would likely prevent unnecessary hospital admissions and harm to its residents.
by Halley Brunsteter Reeves.
M.C.P.
Mhuireach, Gwynhwyfer. "Relationships Among Airborne Microbial Communities, Urban Land Uses and Vegetation Cover: Implications for Urban Planning and Human Health." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/23814.
Full text2020-09-06
Balakrishnan, Ashwin Sriram. "Children of Moses's experiment : youth, mental health, and hip-hop in the South Bronx." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90087.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 84-87).
Urban youth have developed ways to overcome trauma and promote wellness in their lives through the art and culture of hip-hop. This paper asks, "how is hip-hop music and culture being used as a tool for mental health promotion amongst urban youth, and are these methods effective?" In recent years, mental health professionals and social workers have begun to realize the therapeutic powers of hip-hop. Due to the diverse nature of hip-hop culture, many fields of thought intersect with the subject, such as psychology, music therapy, urban history, and youth development. This paper draws from literature on these topics and from interviews with leaders in many of these fields in order to develop a theoretical understanding of how hip-hop can be used therapeutically with urban youth. Using these theoretical discussions as a compass, this paper then delves into a hip-hop therapy program in the Bronx, NY called Beats, Rhymes, and Life (BRL). Interviews with youth, social workers, and youth workers at this program elucidate the strengths and challenges of the hip-hop therapy model. The piece concludes with specific lessons for practitioners of hip-hop therapy, and broader takeaways for urban planners and policymakers concerned with improving under resourced urban communities.
by Ashwin Sriram Balakrishnan.
M.C.P.
Mallis, Ron. "Boston's back streets : planning a city program to preserve and enhance Boston's industrial health." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68386.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 110-111).
This study examines a new economic development initiative designed by the city of Boston to support its remaining small- and medium-sized industrial and manufacturing-related businesses. In reviewing this initiative - called Back Streets - the study looks at Boston's past, current, and projected major industrial sectors in order to provide an understanding of how the Back Streets initiative is or is not congruent with the city's overall economic and employment needs. Through an analysis of the proposed initiative's components; the way it is being viewed and received by key stakeholder groups; and an examination of economic development strategies in four other cities, this study offers recommendations for enhancement of the initiative and its potential contribution to an integrated economic development and planning policy for Boston.
by Ronald Mallis.
M.C.P.
Greenspan-Johnston, Johanna R. "Preparedness through partnership : integrating climate change and public health in the City of Boston." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118256.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages [62]-[65]).
In coordination with the City of Boston's Environment Department and Public Health Commission, this thesis examines the intersection between climate change adaptation and public health preparedness in Boston, proposing a cross-disciplinary integration of methods and concepts to strengthen both functions, thereby improving the preparedness and resilience of all residents. This thesis reviews the current role of public health in local climate adaption and preparedness, highlighting climate-related human health impacts specific to Boston's geographic setting, vulnerable populations, and current planning efforts, to identify opportunities for expanded and enhanced action. Lessons for Boston are drawn from an in-depth review of nine other U.S. cities and counties' relevant or innovative programs, strategies, and experiences. Grounded in an institutional context through engagement with and observations of the City of Boston's interdepartmental extreme temperature planning process, the research draws lessons, illustrative case studies, and recommendations for strategic planning and coordination to strengthen capacity, improve communication, and mitigate risk. Major themes presented include: the development of a professional workforce knowledgeable about climate-health and invested in taking action; the broad role public health can play in communicating, evaluating and mitigating the human impacts of climate change; and the potential for local agencies' strategic use of innovative external partnerships, data-driven analysis, and targeted yet adaptive planning processes to utilize limited resources for more responsive, efficient, and equitable climate-health actions.
by Johanna R. Greenspan-Johnston.
M.C.P.
Schuchter, Joseph. "Enabling Healthy Urban Planning in Northern Kentucky: The Case of School Siting." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1276978380.
Full textWenzel, Holly. "Societal & Health Benefits from the Implementation of Urban Agriculture & Examining the Feasibility of Micro Urban Agriculture in Two Tucson, AZ Census Tracts." The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/337344.
Full textThe thesis focuses on the effects urban agriculture could have on a community and the nation. By examining current states of mental health, physical health, and societal health through the lenses of current obesity rates, driving, being outdoors, and the current agricultural system, a conclusion was formed that urban agriculture would promote overall health. Two Census tracts within Tucson, AZ, 37.01, and 21, were closely examined on the feasibility of implementing urban agriculture within their communities. The thesis resulted with the conclusion that further health studies in the tracts were necessary, but that areas with access to reclaimed water could begin implementing micro urban agriculture.
Doan, Tam Minh-Thi 1976. "Tapping into social resources to address occupational health : a network analysis of Vietnamese-owned nail salons." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/28799.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (p. 73-75).
Social networks in the Vietnamese nail salon industry were studied for their utility in addressing occupational health risks. Major findings include heavy reliance on family networks for fundamental needs, an extensive industry network effective in spreading information, and a sparse community network. Practitioners hoping to work with this population are directed to the opportunities and challenges to taking action, particularly the potential for greater cooperation and the lack of weak-bridging ties.
by Tam Minh-Thi Doan.
M.C.P.
Rodman, Todd. "The evolving role of the corporate real estate development in the United States health care industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69732.
Full textFreedheim, Sara Beth. "Why fewer bells toll in Ceará : success of a community health worker program in Ceará, Brazil." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66355.
Full textFranich, Jennifer Joyce. "Cayucos Community Health Plan." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1249.
Full textTulier, Melody Esther 1980. "Building a state or saving lives? : the processes, motives and politics behind the reconstruction of Afghanistan's health system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/30283.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 75-79).
Startlingly poor health statistics in Afghanistan clearly indicate that, in order to enhance the socio-economic status and overall stability of the state, a complete overhaul of its health care system is imperative. However, providing health is not simply a technical endeavor involving the construction of clinics, the training of doctors, and adequate medical supplies, for instance. In the stage of policy formulation for the reconstruction of Afghanistan's health system, there was in fact a dynamic, political process. The specific form of health reconstruction being implemented in Afghanistan was a result of a global consensus regarding the importance of health and general best-practice methods for health reform, external pressure to act quickly, power dynamics, and differing priorities of participating actors. The decisions and the resulting nuances of the plan conceived during this period also have broader implications regarding how and if long-term goals of development for Afghanistan, such as state building, could be reinforced or neglected. Development aid that overtly includes long-term state building goals seems like a plausible and possibly even more appealing solution than the current plan that concentrates on quick, high-impact health results. However, in a post-conflict state where the weakness of the state primarily characterizes the political context, should state building be a primary goal? Where does state building fit into the world of humanitarian aid and development policy? What do the nuances within the health policy being examined imply for state building efforts in Afghanistan?
(cont.) While there are not any straightforward answers to these questions, it is necessary that planners, health policy makers, and those working in international development are cognizant of the trade- offs of policy decisions, most particularly in post-conflict countries. Keywords: Afghanistan, health care reform, state building, politics of health policy, post- conflict, reconstruction
by Melody Esther Tulier.
M.C.P.
BUKVIC, ANAMARIA. "PLANNING URBAN PLAYGROUNDS FROM THE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVE: SITE SELECTION AND DESIGN IN THE GREATER CINCINNATI AREA." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1145859042.
Full textLeal, Navarro Javier. "Differences in neighborhood characteristics and capabilities to move among families with and without health challenges : a case of Monterrey." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/105063.
Full textCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 63-66).
This study positions health as a risk factor for neighborhood selection into poor neighborhoods, and overviews the possible mechanisms that constrain sick people from living in low poverty neighborhoods. Most of the literature on health and place focuses on the unidirectional relationship from place to health, supporting the argument that one's environment affects one's health. However, there is limited research on the causal direction of this association. I compare a group of households with a child with Cerebral Palsy to a group of households that do not have children with special health care needs. I developed a cross sectional analysis, using survey data, geospatial analyses, and a series of statistical tests to compare differences between the two groups. I complemented this research with 16 in-person interviews to get additional information about their environment and daily routine experiences. I find that families with a sick child live in poorer neighborhoods overall. Possible pathways that explain the reason why sick households might live in relatively poorer neighborhoods in comparison to the non-sick households are lower economic productivity, relatively worse mental health, and lack of time due to special care-giving needs and distant living locations. All pathways might potentially operate in conjunction to negatively impact the material, social, psychological, and time resources needed in order to improve neighborhood choice. The results suggest that health places families at peril by decreasing their ability to live in better neighborhoods and increasing their exposure to stressors that could potentially reinforce their poor health.
by Javier Leal Navarro.
M.C.P.
Hutson, Malo. "Politics, jobs and workforce development : the role of workforce intermediaries in building career pathways within Boston's health care industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37874.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 201-204).
This research study examines the role that workforce intermediaries within Boston play in creating career pathways for economically disadvantaged, under-skilled residents in the local health care industry. Using a case study analysis, this study compares the outcomes of two workforce intermediaries-one which is employer-led and the other which is led by a community development corporation. Despite the proliferation of new workforce intermediaries around the country and the increased amount of funding to support them from the private and public sectors, these institutions are limited in their ability to increase the supply of a skilled workforce and to change the demand-side of the labor market. However, given the current structural holes in the publicly funded workforce development system, workforce intermediaries play a critical role in serving populations who otherwise would have a difficult time entering into the regional labor market.
by Malo André Hutson.
Ph.D.
Lee, Ping-kuen Felix. "Healthy city in Tseung Kwan O : urban planning in Hong Kong into the 21st century /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22284552.
Full textPilkington, Christopher. "The architecture of the unwanted : crisis in the implementation of the community-scale institution case study: mental health facilities in Massachusetts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/88805.
Full textMICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: p. [120]
by Christopher Pilkington.
M.S.
Drummond, Jocelyn Pak. "Measuring and mapping the relationships between urban environment and urban health : how New York City's Active Design policies can be targeted to address the obesity epidemic." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81738.
Full textThis electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis. Pages [123] and [124] blank.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 115-122).
The fields of urban planning and public health both emerged in the 19th century and were united in an effort to address poor health conditions that were linked to the urban environment of cities. By the end of the 20th century, planning and public health had drifted apart to a point where they were completely disparate in mission and action. Over the last two decades, public health professionals, planners, and urban designers have begun to reconsider the connections that once united them. !ere is much that is still unproven about the relationships between the physical, natural, and social environments of cities and urban health, but national and local governments and research groups have designed ways to measure the urban environment and its effect on health. New York City is a leader in interagency collaboration and citywide initiatives to address urban health issues through planning policy and urban design, specifically the Active Design Guidelines. At the same time, the obesity epidemic is on the rise in most New York City neighborhoods and the disparities among them are great. This thesis will explore mapping as a tool for better understanding the spatial relationships between urban environment and urban health and informing policy and design decisions about the implementation of active design in New York. While it is currently understood that the social environment has the largest impact on urban health, the results of this thesis suggest that the physical and natural environments are also important contributors to obesity in New York City. This thesis provides recommendations for intervention in all three aspects of the urban environment in New York as a model of healthful planning and urban design. The goal of this research is to aid in the reconnection of urban planning and health in order to address the health epidemics and disparities of the 21st century.
by Jocelyn Pak Drummond.
M.C.P.
Ruiz, Dominic. "Enhancing human health and wellness through neighborhood development standards." Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/19167.
Full textLandscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Katherine Nesse
Formally debuted in 2014, WELL Building Standard v1.0 is the world’s first building standard focusing solely on health and wellness. The WELL Building Standard is a performance-based standard that is designed to improve human health outcomes by integrating medical research into the design and construction of buildings. However, given the relatively young age of the building standard, it does not yet address health at the community level. Focusing on the wellness concepts established in WELL Standard v1.0, this research project re-imagines the standard as a metric to measure the health and wellness of master-planned communities. Through an analysis of the WELL Building Standard and other health-related literature, this research project identifies design strategies, protocols, and policies that can be used to improve health outcomes at the community level.
Schneider, Jacquelyn Renee. "Walking in Washington| Examining the Distinctions in Super Pedestrian Walking Trips in the District of Columbia." Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10124388.
Full textThis study defines and determines the characteristics of super pedestrian trips in Washington, D.C. Super pedestrian trips are defined here as trips greater than the third quartile distance based on data from the Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments (MWCOG) Household Travel Survey 2010/2011. In this case, super pedestrian trips are quantified as greater than 0.6 miles; super pedestrians are those completing the trip. A trip is defined as one complete segment of travel (i.e., walking directly from home to the office). Using data from the MWCOG Household Travel Survey 2010/2011, this study determines who makes super pedestrian trips in Washington, D.C. and assesses their socio-demographic characteristics using a linear regression model. The results from the linear regression model show that super pedestrians are likely to be young, low-income, male minorities without driver’s licenses or access to vehicles within the household. Pedestrians traveling the farthest distance may do so only out of necessity. The bulk of current planning and transportation literature focuses on the shortest pedestrian travel distances for trips typically less than one-quarter mile. However, pedestrians are walking greater distances and it is worth understanding from a planning and policy perspective the implications of these trips for livability and design of the urban environment. The core findings from this research contribute to the growing body of research on pedestrian behavior by illuminating the socio-demographic characteristics of those walking the farthest distances.
Abubakari, Mohammed Rabiu. "Food Accessibility| The Proximity of Food Sources to Neighborhoods in the Triple Cities of Broome County, New York." Thesis, State University of New York at Binghamton, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10282040.
Full textIssues of food accessibility and food insecurity receive high attention in the United States, due to evidence of disparities in the location and level of accessibility to nutritious food sources amongst neighborhoods of different economic classifications identified in several studies. However, most studies focus on grocery stores or convenience stores without considering other options available for food insecure residents. This research examined the different economic classes of neighborhoods in the Triple Cities of Broome County, New York and their proximity to grocery stores, food pantries and convenience stores, to establish the level of accessibility to food sources for residents of these different neighborhoods using ESRI ArcGIS for spatial analysis and Chi-Square for statistical analysis. The Findings reveal a positive relationship between the location and density of grocery stores, convenience stores and food pantries to low-income populations. Moreover, high-income neighborhoods are more disadvantaged in terms of physical access to food stores by distance. However, there exists an over-concentration of convenience stores in low-income neighborhoods compared to grocery stores and can have a negative impact on their diet choices and expenses on food.
Mallow, Peter J. "Access to Health Care Services and the Effect on Health Outcomes in a Region: A Spatial Perspective." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1368013861.
Full textGallegos, Floyd E. 1951. "A general inquiry into the health status of the Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi and the risk factors associated with their non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17502.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 167-175).
Introduction: The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the relationship between cultural lifestyle, perceived health status and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) among the Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi. The specific focus of this work is to survey the health risk behaviors and self perceived health status indicators of the Nottawaseppi to determine whether there is a significant correlation with the presence of NIDDM in the survey respondents. In addition of this thesis also focuses on identifying health care policies related to NrffiP Native Americans that will promote positive, policy formation and planning within the Nottawaseppi community to reduce NIDDM. Chapter I will provide the context for the study. It begins by identifying the most prominent health related issues faced by Native American communities within the boundaries of the United States, focusing on the incidence of diabetes mellitus. The chapter concludes with a general list of the challenges and impact of diabetes in Native communities. Chapter II examines a range of literature in several disciplines to identify historical interpretations and approaches to the study of diabetes among Native populations. This chapter concludes with a focus on the Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi in Michigan, which was the population studied for this research. Chapter III describes the design and methods for the study. This chapter describes the survey conducted to generate data on the Nottawaseppi Huron Band of Potawatomi Indians in Michigan. The chapter also provides a general medical profile of the tribe and provides a theoretical model to be used in future studies. Chapter IV presents the descriptive findings, while Chapter V presents the significant analytical findings. Chapter VI presents some of the planning and policy implications for the work delineated in this study.
by Floyd E. Gallegos.
M.C.P.
Eylers, Eva. "Hygiene and health in modern urban planning : the sanatorium and its role within the modernist movement." Thesis, Open University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539415.
Full textOkwori, Glory, Nathan Hale, Micheal Smith, and Kate E. Beatty. "Geographic Differences in Contraception Access and Utilization Within Family Planning Organizations in South Carolina." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/130.
Full textVan, Breemen Hayley. "Cape Town's urban food security plan : a conceptual framework for achieving an accessible and healthy urban food system." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13234.
Full textUntil recently food insecurity has been thought to be a primarily a rural problem. Local, national and international food security agendas have focused primarily on agricultural production as a means to addressing food insecurity. However more recent analyses of urban food insecurity indicate that is not a result of food shortage but rather food access and affordability. This research focuses on Cape Town as a case study as its rapidly rising urban population, especially amongst the lower income groups, is placing further pressure on the urban food system as the poor are often unable to purchase sufficient food throughout the month due to income constraints. Nevertheless, enhanced food production still remains the cornerstone strategy to alleviate food insecurity and even poverty in Cape Town. The interviews revealed that urban food insecurity is absent from urban planning agendas which has consequently caused food insecurity to proliferate in the city environment, especially amongst the urban poor. Considering that urban food insecurity is a relatively new concept, especially for South Africa, it is important to understand how it manifests itself within urban contexts and understand the determinants of it in Cape Town. The research identified that food moves through the city differently between formal and informal markets and that informal markets tend to have higher unit prices. Regardless of the higher prices of products from informal markets they were still found to be key food sourcing strategy for the urban poor as supermarkets were found to be, for the most part, absent from the Cape Flats area. The challenge for urban planners in Cape Town is to understand how food insecurity manifests itself spatially and to consider what policy approaches are available to them to improve food access and thus food security throughout Cape Town. The intention of this research is to understand the extent of these problems in Cape Town and to develop an Urban Food Security Plan to place urban food systems planning on the planning agenda.
Kim, Jun-Pill. "LAND-USE PLANNING AND THE URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1253215365.
Full textSears, Jill R. "Spatial Distribution of Nitrogen Oxides, Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, and Xylenes in Hillsborough County, Florida| An Investigation of Impacts of Urban Forests on Ambient Concentrations of Air Pollutants Associated with Traffic." Thesis, University of South Florida, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1548512.
Full textUrban air pollution is responsible for high levels of morbidity and mortality in exposed populations due to its effects on cardiovascular and respiratory function. Transportation-related air pollutants account for the majority of harmful air pollution in urban areas. Forests are known to reduce air pollution through their ability to facilitate dry deposition and atmospheric gas exchange. This work characterizes the interactions between transportation air pollutants and urban forests in Hillsborough County, Florida. A highly spatially resolved passive air sampling campaign was conducted to characterize local concentrations of nitrogen oxides, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) in Hillsborough County, Florida. Sampling locations included a proportion of densely forested urban areas in order to determine the effects of Hillsborough County's urban forest resources on localized concentrations of selected transportation pollutants. Recommended approaches for the use of urban forests as an effective air pollution mitigation technique in Hillsborough County were generated based on results from the sampling campaign. Results show mean concentrations of 2.1 parts per billion and 6.5 µg/m3 for nitrogen oxides and total BTEX, respectively. High spatial variability in pollutant concentrations across Hillsborough County was observed, with the coefficient of variation found to be 0.61 for nitrogen oxides and 0.79 for total BTEX. Higher concentrations were observed along interstate highways, in urban areas of the county, and near select point sources in rural areas. Differences in concentrations within forested areas were observed, but were not statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. These results can be used to identify elements of urban design which contribute to differences in concentrations and exposures. This information can be used to create more sustainable urban designs which promote health and equity of the population.
Burch, Jennifer Marrie. "Solace From Space." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104360.
Full textMaster of Landscape Architecture
Stress is debilitating. Mental illnesses are often incapacitating. 'The brain has a mind of its own' is in fact no joke. Managing a person's mental health in an urban environment is not easy. Smog, car horns, traffic, office chatter, the smell of dumpsters or cigarettes as you walk down the street. None of this will help someone when they are going through a depressive episode, a panic or anxiety, or have exceeded the amount of stress their body can handle. There has to be a way to create a space that calms the mind and allows for reconnecting with your senses in the environment. The Japanese call it shinrin-yoku or forest bathing. Forests are used to alleviate the pressures of day to day stress and other mental or psychological ailments. To truly benefit from shinrin-yoku, one must spend two hours amongst the trees in the forest. This does not provide for an easy way to decompress if you are living or working in an urban environment. This thesis explores the benefits of three landscape types to create a park that can provide solace to the person who is struggling with stress or a mental illness. The brain can be uncontrollable. It is important to find a way to relieve the pressures placed on it. Nature is healing. Cities need to maximize therapeutic effects of nature in their green spaces. The Carlyle Solace Park, designed in this thesis, is an example of how a therapeutic space can be created in an urban environment.
Vargo, Jason Adam. "Planning for the new urban climate: interactions of local environmental planning and regional extreme heat." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45957.
Full text