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Yu, Xiang. "Urban VANET performance optimization." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/63931/.
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Urban VANET (Vehicular Ad hoc NETworks) performance optimization concerns the improvement of wireless signal quality between two arbitrary selected nodes moving within along city streets. It includes three procedures: VANET architecture modeling; wireless signal simulation; and signal quality optimization techniques. The first procedure converts real-world map data into a network graph according to the requirement of the optimization algorithm. The second step analyzes a communication route between two network nodes and calculates received signal quality with the information provided by the network model. The final operation optimizes the signal quality to an expected level by choosing appropriate communication route between two wireless nodes. In this thesis, three optimization techniques are presented: EP (Evolutionary Programming), SG (Stochastic Geometry) and SW (Small World). EP is a widely applied optimization strategy based on Darwin’s natural selection and evolution theory. It is effective with an enormous number of data support, and it can provide detailed route information. However, it requires enough time to evolve to an optimal solution. SG is a statistical tool to analyze points’ distribution within a multi-dimensional space, and it was recently applied on wireless network analysis. Given the distribution characteristics of an urban area, SG can calculate average data loss rate of a communication route. However, it cannot provide detailed route information. SW is a widely accepted model to represent people’s relationship in social networks, and it can be used in VANET analysis. SW provides a simplified network architecture compared with EP an SG. However, it requests additional long-range communication equipment and consumes more energy. The thesis is divided into three parts. Chapter 1 introduces the history of VANET and its architecture (in this research, it is a combination of Ad hoc network and WSN (Wireless Sensor Network)). Chapter 2 and 3 presents literature review of EP and SG. Chapter 4, 5, and 6 discusses how to implement EP, SG and SW on Boston VANET. At the end of each chapter, a conclusion is presented and a discussion on the author’s contribution is given.
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Farrell, Robert James III. "Comparative urban performance simulation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/112853.
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Thesis: S.M. in Architecture Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
This research is concerned with applying environmental urban performance analysis methods to comparative urban master planning. Using bottom-up physics-based urban simulation algorithms, the author established a repeatable methodology for computationally analyzing and comparing urban environments. Conditions simulated included, individual building operational energy use, floor-by-floor spatial daylight autonomy, and site wide occupant mobility. The study area is the Interstate 195 redevelopment site in Providence, Rhode Island. Four historic master planning documents were sampled from 1992 to 2012. The predominate instrument for geometric modeling and simulation was the MIT Urban Modeling Interface(UMI). The methodology proposed in this study provides both, a specific framework of values for performance optimization in Providence as well as a more general framework for the automation of urban simulations in disparate regions. Results from this experiment were processed using custom instrumentation, built using web-based network architecture, to provide rapid result visualization and interactive urban data display. The research concludes by proposing a new architecture of urban system modeling.
by Robert James Farrell III.
S.M. in Architecture Studies
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Chatzipoulka, Christodouli. "Urban geometry and environmental performance in real urban forms." Thesis, University of Kent, 2017. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/64332/.
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Solar radiation is energy, a natural and inexhaustible source of heat and light, and as such a major factor to be considered for enhancing urban environmental sustainability. Solar availability on buildings determines to a large degree their active and passive solar potential; whereas, the insolation of open spaces affects their microclimate and in turn, their use and liveability. Solar objectives are thus multiple and may also be conflicting in time and space, especially in temperate climates, where thermal comfort needs vary in seasons. The subject of the thesis is the relationship between urban geometry and environmental performance of urban forms, explored at the neighbourhood scale and in real urban areas. Specifically, the research investigates statistically casual relationships of urban geometry with environmental phenomena related, directly or indirectly, to the availability of solar radiation. Full consideration is given to the varying solar geometry as a major parameter affecting the interaction between urban geometry and solar radiation, lending it a temporal and geographical -related to latitude- character. The research subject is explored through three distinct studies, which share the same methodology investigating particular topics under the same thematic umbrella. The first and the third study, in the order of these being presented, investigate phenomena occurring in open spaces, namely insolation and thermal diversity; whereas, the second study examines solar availability in open spaces and on building façades. In the methodology, urban geometry is distinguished into built density, which is associated negatively with solar availability but positively with sustainability at the city-scale, and urban layout. The former expresses total built volume in a site, and the latter is represented by a set of quantified geometric parameters which characterise the way in which the built volume is allocated and distributed within the site. This distinction aims to provide evidence for the significance of urban layout in modifying the solar urban environment as well as addressing conflicting solar design objectives. The performance of the urban forms is examined through a series of performance indicators, namely sky view factor, insolation, solar irradiance and thermal diversity values. Both urban geometry variables and performance indicators are calculated on average in each urban form. The great size of the sample analysed allows their relationships to be investigated in statistical means. The research belongs to the new era of urban environmental studies which make use of digital 3D models of cities to study spatially expressed phenomena in the built environment. It is based entirely on the analysis of existing urban forms, of 500x500m area, found in two European cities, London and Paris. London constitutes the main case study city, whereas Paris is examined for comparison purposes. The two cities are located at similar geographical latitudes and within the same climatic context, but their urban fabrics exemplify very different geometries. The geometric and environmental analysis of the urban forms as well as the elaboration and processing of the output data are performed using computer-based tools and methods, such as MATLAB software and image processing techniques applied in urban digital elevation models (DEMs) and, SOLWEIG and the RADIANCE-based software, PPF, for SVF and solar simulations. The research findings contribute to the field of urban environmental studies and design at multiple levels, presenting a significant theoretical, practical, and methodological value. First, they produce a critical insight about the factors affecting the relationship of urban geometry and sun-related phenomena occurring in the urban environment and lending it a dynamic character. In addition, they provide solid evidence about the enormous potential of urban geometry for promoting multiple -and sometimes conflicting- solar and urban design objectives, informing the relevant on-going discourse. Third, having as case studies real forms in London and Paris, a part of the findings is interpreted into urban design guidelines for enhancing the environmental performance of new and existing areas in the two cities. Last, as the research employs new methods and techniques to explore diverse topics, some of which are relatively new in the literature, it constitutes an important, methodological precedent for future research works.
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Johansson, Tim. "PERFORMANCE VISUALIZATION OF URBAN SYSTEMS." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Industriellt och hållbart byggande, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-61788.
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The planning, construction, management and use of our built environment are affected by diverse social, economic and environmental factors. Sustainable urban development is dependent on the understanding of the complex relations between the built environment, the social activities that take place over time and the interaction with the natural environment. The challenge to understand urban systems on both the local and global scale has inspired researchers and national agencies to develop sustainability indicators to support the planning, construction, management and use of the built environment. Access to open data of our built environment in national, regional and local databases opens new possibilities to generate models of our urban systems to facilitate visualization and analysis of indicators in order to enhance awareness of sustainability dimensions. Here spatial Extract, Transform and Load (ETL) technologies can be used in combination with Geographic Information system GIS to manage data sets from multiple sources in different formats. The purpose of this research is to investigate how spatial ETL technologies can be used to develop models in order to analyse and visualize the performance of urban systems. The applied method is grounded in system development and based on an abductive research approach that was repeated in six studies. Three of the studies deal with the relocation of Kiruna where models of the city was created and used to investigate the impact of mining subsidence on energy supply, infrastructure and buildings. The fourth case investigates the selection of insulation material on the embedded energy in a passive house in Kiruna. In the fifth case an urban model of the twin towns Malmberget/Gällivare was created to explore and relate data on attitudes from a survey to public data on population, infrastructure and built environment. The final case is the development of an energy atlas containing 90% of the multifamily building stock in Sweden. The atlas combines the energy performance and renovation status of multifamily buildings with public data of ownership, income of residents etc. for individual buildings in 3D models or aggregated on spatial scales ranging from 250x250 m squares through district and municipality to county areas in Sweden. The result shows that multiple sources in different formats, both standardized and non-standardized, can be utilized in the extraction of information for the purpose of developing urban performance models. The Swedish high-resolution LiDAR digital height model together property information makes it possible to represent the built environment by extruded footprints to give a 3D representation of all urban areas in Sweden (Level-Of-Detail 1). In combination with performance data (e.g. energy use, renovation status or result from surveys) urban performance GIS models can be created and visualized in applications (such as Google Earth, 3D pdf) to support decision-making on both individual and institutional level. The automation of the process to develop performance models offers a method for customizing information deliveries on the fly using original data sources according to defined requirements. The flexibility and customization are kept in the process rather than in the delivered model. This makes it easier to keep the performance model up to date. For the management of large performance models, e.g. the example of the national energy atlas, a staging phase was added in the automation process, in order to reduce the processing time.
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Marini, Charikleia. "Re-defining urban space through performance." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/8600.
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This thesis contributes to discourses concerned with urban space and performance practice. It identifies ways in which built environments become performative; how the built environment performs meaning(s) within the urban context and how spatial practices of contemporary performance engage with city-spaces. The programming and order of urban space tends to fix meanings; increasingly regulated and singlepurpose city-spaces seem unable to react to informal or unplanned activities. However, this thesis suggests that urban space entails inherent opportunities for conceiving and practising space otherwise and looks at a spatial spectrum – from leftover spaces to London’s landmarks. It analyses incomplete presences in the built environment and their unexpected (re)uses, which make urban space an arena of ideas, interaction and creativity. It examines how spatial practices of performance, such as site-specific performance, audio-walks and installations, inform our (re)thinking of space, its meaning and its re-appropriation. It argues that through performative concepts and actions, space manifests a changeable and dynamic quality, rather than motionlessness and inertia. The thesis involves an interdisciplinary approach employing geography, urban, architectural and performance studies. It looks at four types of built spaces that have been used for performance purposes; a disused warehouse at 21 Wapping Lane, the converted power station housing the Tate Modern art gallery, the exterior of the National Theatre’s building and the London district of Wapping. All of these sites are awaiting, or are undergoing, major alterations in their design or planning, involving reconstruction and expansion, or total demolition. The uncertain future of these sites and buildings, the inevitable decay of their material, and the temporality of the built environment invite questions of architectural design and urban planning in terms of performance. The examination of these sites at this moment of change and the potential impact of the redevelopment plans on city life make this research timely, since the thesis emphasises the imperative of re-defining concepts of space, planning strategies, and design processes so as to imagine a less determinate, more creative urban space.
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Hsu, Juliet Chia-Wen. "Urban solarium : thermal performance in Boston." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70375.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 67).
This thesis addresses the issue of energy efficiency through the lens of thermal performance in the context of urban housing in the city of Boston. Located in the historic brick row house neighborhood of the South End, the project utilizes brick for its inherent property of high heat capacity - a material's ability to store radiant energy and release it later due to the temperature difference between day and night - as a thermal battery for heating and cooling domestic spaces. In Boston where the temperature frequently goes below freezing in winter time, this thesis challenges existing housing typologies by incorporating thermal mass as a passive solar strategy at the scale of an entire structure. The urban solarium produces an interstitial zone in housing that promotes a new lifestyle by bringing together thermal performance and urban farming.
by Juliet Chia-Wen Hsu.
M.Arch.
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Andrade, J. P. de. "The performance of urban intersections in Brazil." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381220.
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Fu, Xiangcheng. "GNSS Timing Receiver Performance in Urban Canyons." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för elektroteknik och datavetenskap (EECS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254412.
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Time synchronization is critical for the operation of radio base stations (RBS) in telecommunication companies. Global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is an existing technology to provide precise timing information to distributed RBSs. GNSS timing receiver is used for providing higher timing accuracy than normal GNSS receiver in this synchronization domain.In this thesis, an experiment method for GNSS timing receiver performance in urban canyon has been designed and implemented to evaluate information and the quality of the one pulse per second (1PPS) signal generated by two different GNSS timing receivers. Multi-path signals and the gathered satellite geometry caused by poor sky visibility is identified as the main influential factors to the performance of the GNSS timing receivers. A mathematical model has been built for estimating the multi-path effect. GNSS planning tools are used to simulate the number of line-of-sight (LOS) satellites and Dilution of Precision (DOP) value.Sentinel is a 1PPS signal analyzing equipment from Calnex. Sentinel has an embedded rubidium clock, GNSS antenna, and receiver, and it can produce 1PPS signals to be used as a reference. In this report, we installed our GNSS antenna of Sentinel on the roof and test GNSS antenna in two specified positions representing urban canyon and rooftop. Recorded NMEA messages from GNSS receiver can help us to study the number of visible satellites, PDOP value and multi-path signals in realistic situations.The results show how the noise and time phase of 1PPS signals will be influenced in urban canyons. Since, the geometry of used satellites is similar to the rooftop situation, the multi-path effect of signals is identified as the main reason of this difference.This information is useful when telecommunication companies want to install their radio base station in urban canyons. It will help Ericsson to understand how their GNSS timing receiver is working and how the urban canyon will influence its performance.Tidssynkronisering är kritisk för driften av radiobasstationer (RBS) i telekommunikationsföretag. Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) är en befintlig teknik för att ge exakt tidsinformation till distribuerade basstationer. GNSS-baserade tidsmottagare används för att ge högre timing-noggrannhet än vanlig GNSS mottagare i denna synkroniseringsdomän. I denna avhandling har en experimentmetod för GNSS-timingmottagarnas prestanda i urban canyon utformats och implementerats för att utvärdera den genererade informationen och kvaliteten på en puls per sekund-signal (1PPS). Flervägssignaler och den samlade satellitgeometrin som orsakas av dålig himmelsynlighet identifieras som de mest inflytelserika faktorerna för GNSS-tidsmottagarnas prestanda. En matematisk modell har donstruerats för att estimera multi-path-effekten. GNSS-planeringsverktyg används för att simulera antalet LOS-satelliter och DOP-värde (Dilution of Precision). Sentinel är en 1PPS signalanalysutrustning från Calnex. Sentinel har en inbyggd rubidiumklocka, GNSS-antenn och mottagare, och den kan producera 1PPS-signaler som ska användas som referens. I den här rapporten installerade vi vår GNSS-antenn på Sentinel på taket och GNSS-testantennen i två angivna positioner som representerar urban canyon och tak. Inspelade NMEA-meddelanden från GNSS-mottagare kan hjälpa oss att studera antalet synliga satelliter, PDOP-värde och flervägssignaler i realistiska scenarier. Resultatet visar att ljud- och tidsfasen för 1PPS-signaler påverkas i urban canyons. Eftersom satellitgeometrin liknar den för antenner placerade på taket, så är identifieras flervägsutbredningen som huvudorsak för denna skillnad. Denna information är användbar när telekommunikationsföretag vill installera sina radiobasstationer i urban canyons. Det kommer att hjälpa Ericsson att förstå hur deras GNSS-timingmottagare arbetar och hur urban canyon påverkar dess prestanda.
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Scott, James. "Assessing performance measurement in 'deprived' urban areas." Thesis, Durham University, 2007. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1850/.
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Chipp, Jonathan Laurence. "Kierkegaard and Copenhagen : the urban performance of theory." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242734.
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Andrade, Monica Raposo. "Performance of networks in architectural and urban design." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.357742.
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Danziger, Jason Aaron 1970. "Clarity without rigidity : urban performance landscape in Berlin." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65463.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (p. 147-157).
"What is necessary, is an incomplete design; a design that has clarity without rigidity; one that could be called 'open' as against 'shut'. This is the essence of theatrical thinking: a true theater designer will think of their designs as being all the time in motion, in action ... " -- Peter Brook, The Empty Space. (1980). "What interests me is the opportunity for all of us to become something different from what we are, by constructing spaces that contribute something to the experience of who we are ... " -- Richard Serra, Torqued Ellipses. (1997). This project is an urban landscape: a proposal to strengthen the stance of the famous Theater am Schiffbauerdamm towards the city of Berlin and provide a connection to the Spree River. Historic forces (such as the wholesale destruction of the fabric of Berlin during the bombing raids at the close ofWWII), as well as a current reading of the city, shape and inform the design; while the theater itself provides great inspiration and guidance. The proposal transforms the core of the block containing Bertolt Brecht's Berliner Ensemble into a network (rhizome) of stages, aiming to provide focus at large for the theater community of Berlin as well as a public garden to be used by local residents when no performances are occurring. Conceptually, Brecht's subversive attitude towards political power structures as well as his concept of Verfremdungs (alienation) provide a bridge into the (phenomenological) design; Oscar Schlemmer focuses on the relationship between actor and audience and the importance of the stage as a place of ritual for our culture. Richard Serra informs the design in terms of mass, ~n, and intensity. Adolphe Appia provides a form language for performance which can easily flow into the garden ...
Jason Aaron Danziger.
M.Arch.
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Wong, Corey J. (Corey Jonathan) 1975. "Improving the network performance of urban transit systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81551.
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Kecir, Abd-El-Karim. "Performance evaluation of urban rail traffic management techniques." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S026/document.
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Le trafic ferroviaire urbain est quotidiennement sujet à des perturbations qui le dévient de son comportement nominal. Afin de minimiser l'impact de ces perturbations, les opérateurs ferroviaires usent de diverses techniques. Nonobstant leur efficacité, les performances de ces techniques ne sont généralement pas bien étudiées ni sont-elles optimales, car élaborées empiriquement. C'est dans ce cadre-ci que vient cet ouvrage fournir des solutions qui permettent d'évaluer ces techniques de régulation et d'en comparer les performances dans des contextes variés. L’approche proposée se base sur des variantes de réseaux de Petri comme modèles et sur la méthode de Monte-Carlo pour en simuler l’exécution. Cette combinaison a donné naissance à SIMSTORS, un outil de simulation pour les systèmes ferroviaires urbains, et plus généralement, pour les systèmes stochastiques régulés. Additionnellement, nous nous intéressons dans cette thèse à la problématique de la réalisabilité des tables horaires qui pilotent le trafic ferroviaire. Ces tables décrivent le comportement temporel désiré des systèmes pour lesquels elles sont conçues. Or, la construction de ces tables ne garantit pas toujours sa réalisabilité, notamment dans un contexte stochastique. Ainsi, nous proposons ici une méthode permettant de vérifier si une table horaire est bien réalisable avec une probabilité strictement positiveUrban rail traffic is subject to numerous disrupting events that drift it from its nominal behavior. In order to minimize the impact of these disturbances, rail operators rely on a set of techniques. Despite their efficiency, performances of theses techniques are rarely well studied, nor are they of proven optimality; a direct consequence of them being empirically built. It is in this particular context that comes our work to provide solutions that allow for the evaluation of such techniques and for the comparison of their relative performances in various scenarios. The proposed approach is based on variants of Petri nets as models, and on the Monte-Carlo method for the simulation of their execution. This combination has led to the development of SIMSTORS, a tool for the simulation of urban rail systems, and more generally, stochastic systems under dynamic rescheduling. Additionally, this thesis addresses the question of timetable realizability; that is whether or not a given timetable is indeed realizable by a system for which it was built. Indeed, a timetable is meant to drive the behavior of a system but there is no guarantee as to its realizability. We therefore propose a method for the verification of the realizability of timetables with a strictly positive probability
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James, Matthew Bruce. "Bioretention Hydrologic Performance in an Urban Stormwater Network." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/42639.
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While many studies have evaluated the hydrologic effects of bioretention at the site level, few have investigated the role bioretention plays when distributed throughout a watershed. This study aims to assess bioretention's effects on an urbanized watershed using two modeled scenarios: one where runoff from many land uses was routed through the practice, and another in which only runoff from large impervious areas was routed. Peak flows, volumes, and lag times from these models were compared to the watershed's current and predeveloped conditions. Both scenarios provided reductions in peak flows with respect to existing conditions for modeled storm events, sometimes to levels below the predeveloped condition. Neither case was able to reduce volumes to predevelopment levels; the option to treat impervious areas had a negligible effect on runoff volume. Both cases were able to extend lag times from the existing development condition. Based on these results, bioretention appears to have the capability to improve watershed hydrologic characteristics. Furthermore, only treating impervious areas could be a viable alternative when funds or space are limiting factors.Master of Science
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Moss, Andrea. "EVALUATING EXTENDED LEARNING TIME ON URBAN STUDENT PERFORMANCE." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu152580152291944.
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Kudo, Yuya. "Essays on rural-to-urban migration and urban industrial performance in Sub-Saharan Africa." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9be76708-90ef-4974-9864-b2bd5f9813cf.
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This thesis consists of three independent but thematically related papers exploring the income determination process in African labour markets from spatial and sectoral perspectives. Using long-run household panel data from rural Tanzania, chapter 2 investigates the extent to which education can explain migrants' income and consumption gains. We expect that the higher return to schooling at the destination primarily drives migrants' gains, suggesting that those who cannot afford the cost of schooling cannot reap the benefits of migration. We find that education indeed plays the role, but that it does not appear to be a major factor in limiting the internal migration as a source of raising income and consumption. Exploiting data drawn from urban household panel surveys in Ghana and Tanzania, chapter 3 investigates how rural-to-urban migrants' earnings compare with those of natives in urban labour markets. The chapter attempts to identify the growth of migrants' earnings at the destination (assimilation), making a distinction between wage and self-employed migrants. We find that wage-dependent migrants would achieve higher lifetime earnings if they entered a self-employed sector from their arrival, conditional on individuals' attributes and the varying returns to those attributes across urban residents. The evidence points towards the importance of capital constraints in a decision to start a business. Using firm-level data of manufacturing and retailing from the Enterprise Surveys conducted in seven Sub-Saharan African countries, chapter 4 attempts to improve our understanding of enterprise performance in urban Africa by investigating three aspects of firms' productive structure: technology, total factor productivity (TFP), and firm size. We find that the technology is similar between sectors, that retailing firms are smaller and less capital intensive but not, on average, ones with lower TFP, and that TFP differences are primarily within sectors. All these findings might point towards the importance of factor prices in characterising the industrial structure in urban Africa.
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Santos, Rossendo Rodrigues dos. "Ecopoética : o performer e a busca por poéticas de sustentabilidade no ambiente urban." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/147627.
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Essa pesquisa se propõe a refletir sobre o potencial da arte de performance como ferramenta para instaurar poéticas de sustentabilidade no ambiente urbano, atentando para as possíveis contribuições das artes da cena na formação/informação de culturas e estéticas de sustentabilidade, tão necessárias no panorama civilizacional contemporâneo. Considerando o desenvolvimento de três performances realizadas ao longo de 2014 e 2015, em Porto Alegre (Brasil), afirmo a gestualidade do performer como fio condutor na composição de imagens de dissidência, imagens que estabeleçam a quebra da lógica de uso do ambiente urbano. Tais imagens traduzem ações performativas, estabelecendo diálogo com perspectivas da performance arte, da intervenção urbana, da dança e do teatro. As ações foram realizadas em ecossistemas aquáticos urbanos em situação de degradação, em afirmação a um posicionamento poético e político de ativação desses espaços.This essay is ment to be a reflection about some highlights on the performance art's potential as a tool to establish the poetics of sustainability in the urban environment. It is also a post investigation analyses of the possible contributions of the performing arts to the culture construction and to the development of the aesthetics of sustainability, so necessary in the current context of a global civilization crisis. Considering the process of development of three scenic performances during the bienial of 2014 and 2015, in the city of Porto Alegre, Brazil, it is proposed that the conception of the gesture of the performer can be a conducting wire in the composition of dissent images, that can establish the breakdown of logic in the human conception of life inside urban environments. These images were also a translation of performative actions, establishing dialogues with prospects of performance art, urban intervention, dance and theater. The performances took place at degradated urban aquatic ecosystems that have been left in poor conditions of conservation, considering a poetic and political proposal of bringing these places back to life.
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Gonçalves, Alice Rauber. "Indicadores de dispersão urbana." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/40404.
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As cidades vêm passando por significativas transformações, nas últimas décadas, em seus padrões de urbanização, sendo a dispersão urbana característica marcante deste processo. Surgem novas configurações, dispersas, descontínuas e de baixa densidade, distintas da tradicional cidade compacta, com evidentes implicações no desempenho urbano, embora ainda não totalmente conhecidas e estudadas. Entender os efeitos, principalmente aqueles não desejados, de certos padrões de ocupação urbana representa, hoje, grande desafio para o planejamento das cidades, sendo urgente aumentar sua compreensão a fim de melhor direcionar políticas urbanas. Diante desse cenário, desponta a necessidade de reforço na qualidade das metodologias de análise e monitoramento da expansão urbana, principalmente por meio de indicadores. Recentes estudos vêm sendo desenvolvidos no intuito de quantificar aspectos relacionados à dispersão urbana, consistindo em importantes avanços no sentido de tratar o tema com maior precisão. Apresentam, no entanto, certas limitações metodológicas, principalmente no que tange à representação de certos aspectos do sistema espacial urbano, tais como configuração da rede de ruas e distribuição das atividades. Em outras palavras, boa parte dos estudos existentes não tem levado em conta a escala intra-urbana. A presente investigação se propôs a contribuir para o desenvolvimento de metodologias para avaliação da dispersão, aprofundando questões espaciais e configuracionais relacionadas ao tema, pouco exploradas até o momento. Para tanto, buscou referências na investigação sobre indicadores urbanos, especialmente nos trabalhos que vem sendo desenvolvido pelo grupo de pesquisa Sistemas Configuracionais Urbanos da UFRGS. Dessa forma, procurou-se avançar na questão da mensuração da dispersão urbana através da introdução de sistema descritivo detalhado e indicadores sistêmicos para medir acessibilidade entre locais de residência e locais de trabalho, item chave do desempenho urbano. Os indicadores foram testados em pequenos sistemas teóricos e para o caso empírico do município de Torres. Os resultados demonstraram que o método possui potencial para utilização em estudos comparativos sobre desempenho urbano de padrões dispersos, sendo esta a principal contribuição do trabalho.Cities have undergoing through meaningful changes in their urban development patterns, in last decades. Urban sprawl can be seen as an outstanding characteristic of this process. New urban settings can be found – scattered, discontinuous and low density – different from the compact city, with obvious implications on urban performance, although not completely understood. More detailed research on this subject is needed to enable more accurate assessments about effects of sprawl on urban environment. Knowing effects, mainly undesirable effects, of certain urban patterns is, nowadays, one of major challenges to urban planning, being urgent more understanding about it in order to better address urban policies. So, there is the urgent need of strengthening the quality of analysis methodologies and monitoring of urban development, especially by means of indicators. Recent efforts have been made in order to develop methodologies for measuring sprawl, which have enabled more accurate assessments about the subject. However, they present some limitations, especially about the way certain aspects of urban systems has been described, such as configuration of streets and spatial distribution of urban activities. In other words, most of current methodologies for measuring sprawl do not consider intra urban level. The current research aimed to contribute to development of methodologies for assessment of urban sprawl, deepening spatial and configuration issues, little explored by urban sprawl researchers. The proposal consisted of using urban indicators of urban performance, especially those developed by Configurational Urban Systems research group from UFRGS. A more detailed descriptive method and systemic indicators were used in order to grasp accessibility between dwelling and job location, a key element of urban performance evaluation. The indicators were applied to small theoretical systems and also to the town of Torres case study. The results indicates that the proposed method has potential for being used in comparative studies about urban sprawl and its urban performance, and that is the main contribution of this research.
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Moshier, Zachary Stephen. "Urban Rhythms of Washington DC." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71773.
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How can architecture serve as a catalyst to strengthen a transitioning neighborhood without displacing or replacing the local community?
Cities bear the weight of continual change. Across the United States, urban communities wrestle the boundary between the desires of gentrification and concerns for maintaining cultural identity. These ethos are expressed in both the social and physical fabric of the neighborhood. What buildings do we save? What goes away? Can something new introduce value yet inherently belong to the neighborhood? While these questions hold relevance in any city, each city holds a unique DNA. Why does Washington DC feel different than Chicago, New York, or Philadelphia? How does the architecture manifest this genetic code?
I began to seek an architectural program where I could explore these questions. As a trained jazz drummer, I desired to create a place that could become a laboratory for jazz music and performance, while simultaneously serving the artist, student, patron and neighborhood. The streets of DC have a rhythm, a genetic code. How can this code be studied and interpreted through the lens of jazz music? Architecture is rhythmic. Users become improvisational dialogue within the form of architecture. My thesis developed these questions and concepts to create a physical home for the Thelonious Monk Institute of Jazz. (currently headquartered in Washington DC). The chosen site is located in the city's transitioning Greater U Street neighborhood.Master of Architecture
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Walsh, Charles Aldrich 1977. "A reevaluation of NCREIF performance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/26732.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2004.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 95).
by Charles Aldrich Walsh.
S.M.
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Lee, Derek Sze-Ming 1978. "Understanding capacity and performance of urban rail transit terminals." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8381.
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Sha, Rui. "Design and performance analysis of urban traffic control systems." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2018. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10041098/.
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This study aims to investigate the design and performance of different architectures for urban traffic control with consideration of variations and uncertainties in traffic flow. The architectures, which ranging from centralised, semi-centralised to decentralised, are applied to different road networks. Both macroscopic and microscopic flow models are developed and used to calculate the performance of the systems. The macroscopic model is capable of generating essential traffic dynamics, such as traffic queues’ spillover, formation and dissipation. The control systems’ are tested under varies traffic demand levels. The results suggest that the centralised systems generally can outperform the decentralised systems, and the most benefit gained in the centralised control comes from its setting of signal offsets. On the other hand, the microscopic flow model captures the movement of each individual vehicle and drivers' rerouting behaviour with respect to traffic conditions. The test results showed that the drivers' response to the traffic condition can help a decentralised system perform as well as a centralised system. This study brings a new insight into cooperative transport management, and contributes to the state-of-the-art of urban traffic system design.
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Tennert, John R. "Social Capital and Government Performance in American Urban Counties." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/71859.
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Civil society and social capital have become staples of political science and public administration since the publication of Robert Putnam's landmark book Making Democracy Work in 1993 and his bestseller Bowling Alone in 2000. The research presented here explores the role of social capital and trust in enhancing institutional performance. Specifically, this dissertation analyzes the dynamics of social capital and government performance in metropolitan county governments. The dissertation also explores alternative theoretical approaches that have recently or historically been proposed as predictors or determinants of government performance in public administration and political science scholarship.
The results reported here indicate that many of the dimensions of social capital are significantly correlated with government performance. The results suggest that counties with citizens that are more open to taking risks, that are more open-minded and less averse to change, that have faith in major political and economic institutions, that are more optimistic and that are more trusting of people they perceive to be like themselves, tend to have higher performing governments. The results also indicate that the relationship between the various dimensions of social capital and government performance is more nuanced than portrayed by a simple bi-variate correlation analysis, suggesting that the relationship between government performance and social capital is strongest at the margins, that is, among both the highest and lowest performing county governments.Ph. D.
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Kolosz, Ben William. "Assessing the sustainability performance of inter-urban intelligent transport." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5502/.
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The implementation of ITS to increase the efficiency of saturated highways has become increasingly prevalent. It is a high level objective for many international governments and operators that highways should be managed in a way that is both sustainable i.e. environmental, social and economically sound and supportive of a Low-Carbon-Energy Future. Some clarity is therefore needed to understand how Intelligent Transport Systems perform within the constraints of that objective. This thesis describes the development of performance criteria that reflect the contributions of Information Communication Technology (ICT) emissions, vehicle emissions and the embedded carbon within the physical transport infrastructure that typically comprises three types of Intelligent Transport System. Active Traffic Management, Intelligent Speed Adaptation and the Automated Highway System are a collection of systems designed to transform the road network into a highly efficient and congestion free transport solution and all possess varying levels of uncertainty in terms of sustainability performance. The performance criteria form part of a new framework methodology ‘EnvFUSION’ (Environmental Fusion for ITS) outlined here. An attributional LCA and c-LCA (consequential lifecycle assessment) are both undertaken which forms part of a data fusion process using data from various sources. The models forecast improvements for the three ITS technologies in-line with social acceptability, economic profitability and major carbon reduction scenarios up to 2050 on one of the UK's most congested highways. Analytical Hierarchy Process and Dempster-Shafer theory are used to weight criteria which form part of an Intelligent Transport Sustainability Index. Overall performance is then synthesized. Results indicate that there will be a substantial increase in socio-economic and emissions benefits, provided that the policies are in place and targets are reached which would otherwise delay their realisation. To conclude, an integrated strategic performance management framework is proposed which performs socio-technical comparisons of four key performance areas between ITS schemes in order to identify energy and emission hotspots.
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Wang, Chih-Yu. "Floating wetlands for urban stormwater treatment." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52036.
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A floating treatment wetland (FTW) is an ecological approach which seeks to reduce point and nonpoint source pollution by installing substrate rooted plants grown on floating mats in open waters. While relatively novel, FTW use is increasing. A review of literature identified several research gaps, including: (1) assessments of the treatment performance of FTWs; (2) evaluations of FTWs in the U.S., particularly within wet ponds that receive urban runoff; and (3) plant temporal nutrient distribution, plant growth rate, and the long-term persistence of the FTWs in temperate regions with periodic ice encasement.
An assessment model, i-FTW model, was developed, and its parameter s fitted based on data from 14 published FTW studies in the first research topic. The estimated median FTW apparent uptake velocity with 95% confidence interval were 0.048 (0.018 - 0.059) and 0.027 (0.016 - 0.040) m/day for total phosphorus (TP) and total nitrogen (TN), respectively. The i-FTW model provided a more accurate prediction in nutrient removal than two common performance metrics: removal rate (mg/m2/day) and removal efficiency (%). In the second research topic, the results of a mesocosm experiment indicated that FTWs with 61% coverage, planted with pickerelweed (Pontederia cordata L.) or softstem bulrush (Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani), significantly improved TP and TN removal efficiency of the control treatment by 8.2% and 18.2%, respectively. The pickerelweed exhibited significantly higher phosphorus and nitrogen removal than the softstem bulrush when water temperatures were greater than 25 deg C. Field observations in the third research topic found that pickerelweed demonstrated higher phosphorus removal performance (7.58 mg/plant) than softstem bulrush (1.62 mg/plant). Based on the observed seasonal changes in phosphorus distribution, harvest of above-ground vegetation is recommended to be conducted twice a year in June and September. Planted perennial macrophytes successfully adapted to stresses of the low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations (minimum: 1.2 mg/L), ice encasement, and relatively low nutrient concentrations in the water (median: 0.15 mg/L TP and 1.15 mg/L TN). Systematic observation of wildlife activities indicated eight classes of organisms inhabiting, foraging, breeding, nursing, or resting in the FTWs. Recommendations for FTW design and suggestions for further research are made based upon these findings.Ph. D.
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Yamamura, Takaharu. "Performance characteristics of the hotel industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70627.
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Rodrigues, Livia Nunes Borges. "Caligrafia marginal: pichação, performance e patrimônio." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7625.
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This research does a general approach about the urban interventions, giving priority to the actions ephemeral (graffiti and pichação), how arise each of these practices, their disparities in Brazil, and the actions taken by the Government for combat them, with enphasis in pichação. The pichação is a practice of marginal and oppositional character that has become an integral part of complex societies. For the government, as well as for a large portion of Brazilian society that action is taken as a crime, but for those who are included in this marginal culture, the act of tagging can be interpreted as a socialization tool communication, leisure, art, call to memory etc. Among the various perspectives of analysis contained in pichação, this work sought to explore how this urban offensive action can be interpreted under the bias of performative act. In addition, it sought to understand how graffiti artists and other residents of Goiânia/GO, deal with the elements arranged in the urban space, emphasizing the architectural constructions of social value.
Esta pesquisa faz uma abordagem geral a respeito das intervenções urbanas, dando prioridade às ações de caráter efêmero (grafite e pichação), como surge cada uma destas práticas, suas disparidades no Brasil, e as medidas tomadas pelo poder público para combatê-las com ênfase na pichação. A pichação é uma prática de caráter marginal e transgressor que se tornou parte integrante das sociedades complexas. Para o poder público, bem como para grande parcela da sociedade brasileira esta ação é tida como crime, mas para aqueles que estão inseridos nesta cultura marginal, o ato de pichar pode ser interpretado como instrumento de socialização, comunicação, lazer, arte, apelo à memória etc. Dentre as várias perspectivas de análise contidas na pichação, esta dissertação buscou explorar como esta ação urbana ofensiva pode ser interpretada sob o viés de ato performativo. Além disso, procurou-se compreender como os pichadores e outros habitantes de Goiânia/GO, lidam com os elementos dispostos no espaço urbano, dando ênfase às construções arquitetônicas de valor social.
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Wilson, Geoffrey. "Confronting Violence: Citizenship Performance and Urban Social Space in Bogota, 1985-2015." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555499239195763.
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Robin, Sean. "Performance as a means of youth empowerment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69726.
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LaFever, Robert A. (Robert Anthony), and Luis Canizo. "Revisiting performance persistence in real estate funds." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/33183.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2005.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 46-47).
In this thesis, real estate opportunity fund returns were analyzed for evidence of persistence in subsequent funds from the same manager; it is designed to update and enhance a prior thesis performed by Cathy C. Hahn (2003), using both parametric and non-parametric tests. Tests were performed on gross and net returns covering the period from 1991-2004. These tests confirm the prior finding that past fund performance is a significant indicator of future fund performance within the same firm. Our study also found the strongest evidence of persistence to exist in the extreme performers ranking in the top and bottom quartile amongst their vintage year peers. Additional tests for persistence, as well as effects of fund characteristics on performance, were employed using a methodology similar to that performed on private equity funds by Kaplan and Schoar (2003). Our tests yielded similar results to those found by Kaplan and Schoar(2003), but were not substantiated with statistical significance.
by Robert A. LaFever and Luis Canizo.
S.M.
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Hunsberger, L. Roger. "Performance in a dramatized culture : American urban fiction (1990-1941)." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358826.
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Steinemann, Jeremy R. "Successful streets : performance measures, community engagement, and urban street design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73834.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 171-181).
Over the past decade, local transportation agencies have increasingly re-designed urban arterials, their cities' major surface streets, to better accommodate a wide range of users. At the same time, a growing number of agencies are using performance measurement, the tracking and reporting of specific transportation-related variables, to evaluate and document their impacts. This report attempts to understand the role that performance measurement plays in design decision-making for urban arterial streets. First, the report examines how the selection and prioritization of performance measures shape urban arterial forms. While agencies in the mid-20th Century prioritized automobile performance in arterial design, present-day agencies attempt to balance performance across a broader range of street users and performance goals. Second, the report explores how local agencies can use performance-based planning for urban arterial projects at the same time as they engage in community-focused design processes. Research in transportation policy defines performance-based planning as a framework for agencies to use performance goals and measurement to guide decision-making. Existing research largely neglects the use of performance-based planning for project-level decisions and local transportation agencies. Since performance measurement systems hold agencies accountable to well-defined goals, performance-based planning may have value for both stakeholders and local officals in urban arterial design processes. To understand the potential role of performance-based planning for project-level design, this report examines four cases of urban arterial design: two in New York City (Prospect Park West in Brooklyn and 34th Street in Manhattan), and two in Portland, OR (North Williams Avenue and East Burnside). The cases were chosen because, in each, local officials faced community conflict about design and employed some form of performance measurement. The case study analysis finds that agencies can use performance-based planning to both guide design decisions and to actively engage community stakeholders. Among the cases considered, most employed only some features of performance-based planning, primarily to evaluate impacts and to make modifications to preliminary designs. One case, North Williams in Portland, was unique, however, in using a complete form of performance-based planning as a tool to increase participation by community stakeholders in the design process. Building upon the lessons from North Williams and the other cases, this report recommends a new framework for performance-based planning that attempts to empower stakeholders to participate in design decision-making, but recognizes that performance-based planning alone cannot resolve community conflicts.
by Jeremy R. Steinemann.
M.C.P.
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Palacin, Roberto. "A systemic framework for monitoring energy performance of urban railways." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3519.
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Global sustainability challenges are particularly acute in urban conurbations which house the majority of the world’s population and where most of the economic activity takes place. Mobility is at the core of this challenge as transport is one of the highest energy consuming and polluting sectors across the globe. Achieving a low environmental impact transport system fit for all is a clear objective. A modal shift to low energy but highly competitive transport modes is a key target. Urban railway systems have the environmental performance and mass transit capability to be the core provider of mobility in metropolitan areas bringing also other benefits e.g. connectivity, cohesion and social inclusivity. Nevertheless, in a very competitive context where all modes are improving their energy performance, it is crucial that urban rail systems enhance their energy conservation levels without jeopardising their service offer. There is a lack of consensus amongst stakeholders on how to assess energy performance of urban rail systems. This void has been extended to the academic literature, where the issue is largely missing. The overall purpose of this thesis is to contribute to energy conservation of urban rail systems by supporting the decisionmaking process leading to the deployment of interventions aimed at improving energy efficiency and optimising its usage. A three-phased methodological triangulation approach has been adopted to address three research questions derived from two research objectives. This research has investigated energy usage, interventions and interdependencies that are governed by the complexity of the socio-technical system that are urban railways. A holistic approach has been developed based on an adaptable systemic monitoring framework and associated methodology enabling i) a multilevel analysis of system energy performance using a set of twenty-two hierarchical indicators and four complementing parameters, ii) an appraisal of candidate energy optimisation interventions and iii) the monitoring of the results of implemented measures. To validate and illustrate its execution, the framework has been applied to five different urban rail systems to assess a total of eleven technical and operational interventions. This has resulted in observing up 3.4% or circa 4 GWh usage reduction at system level when considering the influence of the three technical interventions monitored and up to 4.8% or circa 6.6 GWh when the eight operational interventions are evaluated in conjunction. These outcomes have illustrated the universality of the framework and its adaptability to the particularities of each urban rail system.
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Simko, Andrew Jack. "Performance Analysis of an Urban Stormwater Best Management Practice Retrofit." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64931.
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Historically, the primary objective of traditional stormwater best management practices (BMPs) was to attenuate peak runoff discharges from urban areas. There has been growing demand to construct BMPs that improve stormwater runoff quality to reduce pollutant loading into downstream water bodies. A BMP located in Herndon, Virginia was retrofitted in 2009. Previously a dry detention pond, the new BMP design contains permanent wet pools as well as elements of Low Impact Development practices. A performance analysis was conducted on the retrofit to determine if the BMP was removing pollutants from stormwater runoff. Two mass-based methods were utilized for the performance analysis: the Summation of Loads Method and Effluent Probability Method. The Kaplan-Meier method and Robust Regression on ordered statistics (ROS) were used to make it possible to include censored datasets in the analysis. Analysis with the SOL method showed removal of suspended sediment, nitrogen, iron, and copper. Export of dissolved solids, phosphorus, organic carbon, and manganese was observed. The results of the Effluent Probability Method showed statistically significant reductions of sediment, iron, and copper across the entire range of monitored storm event sizes (p-value≤0.05). There was no statistical difference between the influent and effluent loads of nitrogen. Negative performance of dissolved solids, phosphorus, organic carbon, and manganese were observed for the entire range of monitored storm event sizes. The results of both methods indicated that the BMP retrofit is effectively removing sediment but failing to achieve significant nutrient reductions. This may be due to the creation of anoxic conditions from the oxygen demand of the micropool sediments and microbial degradation of vegetation within the BMP. Removal of the sediment bed and harvesting of the vegetation would likely improve the performance of the BMP.Master of Science
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Silva, Beatriz Francalacci da. "Forma arquitetônico-urbana e desempenho ambiental : entre os limites e as possibilidades do adensamento construtivo." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/149288.
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O estudo em microescala sobre a relação entre a forma arquitetônico-urbana e o meio ambiente constitui o objetivo desta pesquisa. Parte-se da hipótese de que existem formas arquitetônico-urbanas mais apropriadas do que as previstas pela legislação urbana e edilícia para o alcance do melhor desempenho ambiental, sendo possível avaliar quais as composições mais adequadas segundo os condicionantes locais. Nesse contexto, apresenta-se como objeto de estudo o recorte espacial de uma área urbana com alta densidade construída em Florianópolis-SC, que constitui a referência para analisar o impacto ambiental gerado pela forma arquitetônico-urbana e o resultado de seu desempenho final. Para essa avaliação, foram considerados os fatores ambientais associados com o desempenho térmico, luminoso e acústico do espaço urbano e arquitetônico, assim como algumas questões sobre a qualidade ambiental em escala local. A metodologia utiliza dados quantitativos e qualitativos obtidos em campo e em trabalhos de gabinete, por meio das seguintes etapas: 1. Exploratória (investigação bibliográfica, documental e infográfica); 2. Indutiva experimental (levantamento em campo de informações microclimáticas, individuais e subjetivas) e 3. Dedutiva computacional (simulação de modelos preditivos). A estrutura do trabalho está organizada para demonstrar como o objeto de pesquisa foi compreendido e como podem ser desenvolvidos os estudos nessa temática, apresentando primeiramente os condicionantes ambientais (paisagem natural e clima local) e a forma arquitetônico-urbana considerada, para posteriormente desenvolver a associação entre os temas principais – arquitetura e ambiente. A análise considera a percepção subjetiva da autora, a partir da observação de fragmentos do espaço arquitetônico-urbano, pertencentes a um todo. O trabalho comprova a hipótese inicial, na medida em que recomenda proposições de desenho arquitetônico e urbano para o caso estudado, tendo por base os critérios de desempenho ambiental. Além disso, estimula a discussão, o interesse e o conhecimento sobre o tema e corrobora a urgência de incorporação dos estudos ambientais no planejamento e nas propostas de desenho arquitetônico e urbano.The study in microscale of the relationship between the architectural-urban form and the environment is the goal of this research. It starts with the hypothesis that there are more appropriate architectural-urban forms than those provided by the urban and construction legislation to achieve the best environmental performance, making possible to assess what are the most suitable compositions according to the local conditions. In this context, it is presented as a study object an urban area with high density built in Florianópolis-SC, which is the reference to analyze the environmental impact generated by the architectural-urban form and the result of their final performance. For this evaluation, it was considered the environmental factors associated with the heat, light and acoustic performance of urban and architectural space, as well as some features of the local environmental quality. The methodology uses quantitative and qualitative data obtained in loco and by the office work, through the following steps: 1. Exploratory (bibliographic, documentary and infographic research); 2. Experimental inductive (field measurements and structured interviews) and 3. Computational deductive (simulation of predictive models). The structure of the work demonstrates how the research object was understood and how can be developed studies in this subject, first presenting the environmental conditions (natural landscape and climate) and the architectural-urban form considered to further develop the association among the main themes - architecture and environment. The analysis considers the subjective perception of the author, from the observation of fragments of architecturalurban space, belonging to a whole. The work confirms the initial hypothesis, according as recommends architectural and urban design propositions for the case study, based on the environmental performance criteria. In addition, it stimulates discussion, interest and knowledge on the topic and confirms the urgent incorporation of environmental studies in the urban planning and in the architectural design proposals.
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Tremonte, Fabio Rogerio de Mello. "Redflag: caminhadas e territórios." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27159/tde-17052013-164441/.
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Durante o processo de desenvolvimento desta pesquisa, uma série de trabalhos intitulada Redflag foi produzida. Esse grupo torna-se, então, o eixo principal da dissertação. É composta por trabalhos que lidam com a vivência no espaço urbano, principalmente, através de caminhadas e a criação de territórios, e, a partir disso, colocando em pauta questões que permeiam a configuração da cidade. Concomitantemente, são apresentados textos e trabalhos de artistas e de outros autores que relacionam-se diretamente com o tema da pesquisa, (Werner Herzog, Francis Alÿs, Robert Smithson, Hélio Oiticia, entre outros) propondo um percurso onde algumas veredas da arte contemporânea e da literatura abertas pela prática da caminhada se encontram, se bifurcam e se distanciam, tornando a chegada, o ponto de partida.During the development process of this research, a serie of artwork called Redflag was produced. This group becomes then the main shaft of the dissertation. It is composed of artworks that deal with living in urban areas, mainly through walkings and creating territories, and, from there, putting on the agenda issues that permeate the city configuration. Concomitantly, presented texts and works of artists and other authors that relate directly to the subject of the research, (Werner Herzog, Francis Alÿs, Robert Smithson, Helio Oiticia, among others) proposed a course where some paths of contemporary art and literature were opened for practicing walking meet, bifurcate and move away, making arrival, the starting point.
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Osborne, James Clark M. C. P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Indicators that matter : measuring transportation performance in Ahmedabad." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77835.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-132).
In light of the growing challenges of planning for transportation in India, this thesis proposes that a set of indicators, sensitive to local conditions, developed, implemented and managed through a collaborative partnership with public and agency stakeholders can provide an effective framework to evaluate investments in transportation infrastructure. It analyzes the implications of following the Indian Ministry of Urban Development's (MoUD) Urban Transportation Service Level Benchmark indicators, and offers an alternative set of indicators with an eye towards expanding the set of capabilities and choices available to all transportation system users. In evaluating the MoUD's benchmarks and an alternative subset of Human Powered Transport (HPT) indicators, this thesis utilizes participant observation on four main corridors in the city of Ahmedabad, India, a tier I Indian megacity of 5.5 Million people. In light of historical transportation performance and development indicator practices, an alternative set of indicators is developed which attempt to reset the focus on the transportation needs of India's urban population. Finally, this thesis ends with a discussion of the ways that indicator creation can actually become an iterative and reflective process, used by stakeholders to provide equitable transportation outcomes.
by James Clark Osborne.
M.C.P.
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Galiano, Philip D. (Philip Dean). "An examination of institutional real estate performance indices." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66338.
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Hedblom, Marcus. "Birds and butterflies in Swedish urban and peri-urban habitats : a landscape perspective /." Uppsala : Dept. of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200760.pdf.
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Ribeiro, Sandra Stephanie Holanda Ponte. "Cartografias do sombrio: arte, subjetividades e performances no universo gótico de Fortaleza." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2016. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/22344.
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RIBEIRO, Sandra Stephanie Holanda Ponte. Cartografias do sombrio: arte, subjetividades e performances no universo gótico de Fortaleza. 2016. 97f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia, Fortaleza (CE), 2016.Submitted by Gustavo Daher (gdaherufc@hotmail.com) on 2017-03-21T11:52:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_sshpribeiro.pdf: 2027641 bytes, checksum: 70843c37ebffd790cd481de92663edad (MD5)
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In this dissertation, I accompany young trajectories tune with the Gothic in their leisure circuit in Fortaleza city, in order to observe how they lived an experience with this art world in different spaces and musical events. I bring to research the following questions: how these young people produce an experience with gothic from these meetings? What distinguishes or characterizes this experience? The work includes a description of the trajectories, events, performances, consumptions and affections that constitute and characterize these meetings, while seeking to describe the multiplicity of interactions and flows through the subjectivities of these young people. During the investigation, I use the concept of art world prepared by Becker (2010) as a methodological strategy into think of the gothic universe as a network of cooperation between individuals around artworks in the case, the Gothic art.
Nesta dissertação, acompanho as trajetórias de jovens “afinados” com o gótico em seus circuitos de lazer na cidade de Fortaleza, a fim de observar como eles vivenciam uma experiência com esse mundo artístico em diferentes espaços e eventos musicais. Trago para a pesquisa os seguintes questionamentos: como esses jovens produzem uma experiência com o gótico a partir desses encontros? O que distingue ou caracteriza essa experiência? O trabalho compreende uma descrição das trajetórias, eventos, performances, consumos e afetos que constituem e caracterizam esses encontros, ao mesmo tempo em que busca traçar a multiplicidade de interações e de fluxos que atravessam as subjetividades desses jovens. Na investigação, utilizo o conceito de mundo artístico elaborado por Becker (2010) como estratégia metodológica para pensar o universo gótico como uma rede de cooperação entre indivíduos em torno de trabalhos de arte, no caso, a arte gótica.
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Friestedt, Andrew A. (Andrew Adams) 1974, and Brian J. 1971 Tusa. "The correlation between market fundamentals and apartment REIT performance." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32214.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2001."September 2001."
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 64-66).
This paper empirically examines the correlation between apartment REIT performance (as measured by Funds from Operations, Net Operating Income, Gross Rental Revenue, Net Income, Market Capitalization and CAP Rate) and market fundamentals (as measured by weighted average rent growth, weighted average employment growth, weighted average stock growth and weighted average excess demand). The objective of this paper is to explain the variance in historical apartment REIT performance based on historical market fundamentals. Market fundamentals are broadly defined as the employment growth, population growth, stock growth and rent growth. More detailed definitions of market fundamentals are provided within the paper. Independent variables are developed from market data collected from 57 MSAs. Using these data, weighted averages are generated in order to isolate geographical effects. These independent variables are regressed against measures of financial performance of apartment REITs as of December 31, 2000. The results show that weighted average rent growth (given NREI rent data) and growth in apartment units explain 37.1% of the variance in the percent change in FFO per unit and 37.8% of the variance in the percent change in market capitalization per unit across the sample of selected apartment REITs. Furthermore, weighted average rent growth (given government rent data) does a relatively poor job of explaining the variance in the percent change in FFO per unit.
by Andrew A. Friestedt and Brina J. Tusa.
S.M.
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Fusscas, Andrew F. (Andrew Francis). "The New York World Trade Center : a performance study." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66350.
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Tanrikulu, Melda. "Environmental Performance Of Urban Patterns In Terms Of Their Ecological Footprint." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611907/index.pdf.
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Within the twenty&ndashfirst century, nearly three billion people, half of total population of the world, live in cities. It is estimated that in the forthcoming twenty&ndash
five years, two billion more people will settle in urban lands. Essentially most of these devastating changes will occur in developing countries, both in terms of the total global urban population as well as increased percentage of the individual country&rsquo
s population living in urban areas. For many developing countries, the urban population is already large. Further increases in size and rates of growth will no doubt stress already impacted environments and living quality. All cities, however, are not impacting the ecology of the world similarly. On the one hand, developed cities have mostly cope with their environmental problems regarded as traditional
concern has focused to their impacts on ecosystems as well as those larger in scale. Cities in the developing world are more concerned with other issues. However, it is not only the development level of countries but the urban planning and development tendencies of their cities impacting the environment differently should be considered, which comprehensively shows us environmental performance of urban patterns. Environmental performance basically refers to the abilities and capabilities of urban patterns to mitigate their impacts on environment and ecology of the world and to cope with the negative of all. As an indicator of environmental performance of urban patterns, ecological footprints, its reasons and long term effects should be specified as inseparable part of urban development and inevitably ecological footprints of different urban patterns and their effects on climate change should be concerned while taking planning and development decisions for urban areas. The basic purpose of the thesis is to specify the environmental performance of different urban patterns in terms of their ecological footprints through defining the relationship between implications of urban patterns and their contributions to the ecological footprint.
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Zhuang, Jiayun. "Not yet farewell postsocialist performance and visual art in urban China /." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1997745521&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Neumann, Marc Benjamin. "Uncertainty analysis for performance evaluation and design of urban water infrastructure /." Zürich : ETH, 2007. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=16975.
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Nichols, William. "Modeling Performance of an Operational Urban Rain Garden Using HYDRUS-1D." Thesis, Villanova University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10811265.
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Tools for predicting rain garden performance are limited, particularly for predicting seasonal performance. Changes in temperature cause changes in the viscosity of water, infiltration rates, and evapotranspiration rates. A variably-saturated soil model, HYDRUS-1D, was calibrated and validated using observed ponding depth and soil moisture data for the Philadelphia Zoo Rain Garden, owned and operated by the Philadelphia Water Department (PWD). Warm and cold seasons were simulated with typical meteorological data and temperature-adjusted saturated hydraulic conductivity values. Design-storm simulations confirmed that the rain garden is over-performing. Maximum capacity of the system was simulated by increasing the loading ratio until overtopping occurred or ponding remained longer than 24 hours. This study will demonstrate how modeling of an operational urban rain garden offers a realistic picture of performance and could be used as a tool for informing regulations and design.
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Daluddung, Susan Joan. "Community Benchmarks: An Analysis of Performance Measurements in Urban Planning Management." PDXScholar, 2005. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1664.
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New public management practices in the U.S. call for governmental accountability, performance measures and benchmarks. Community benchmarks research provides a basis for current information and further research for planners and educators in the urban planning profession. A benchmark is simply a standard for performance or targeted level of service delivery aspired to by the city. Community benchmarks, as defined by the researcher, are tied to an adopted community plan. Community plans take many shapes including the General or Comprehensive Plan, the city's budget document, or a variety of strategic planning documents.
The intent of the study was to complete research and survey mid-size cities to determine common performance practices for urban planning. management. The sample population was 381 cities selected from the National League of Cities and a database was created. The intent was to create a composite of key quantitative variables strongly related to the benchmark cities program. Additional terminal research was conducted from 2000 to 2004 to supplement survey results. Case studies of several select cities were conducted in order to determine the application of community benchmarks.
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Uribe-Henao, A. Felipe. "Effects of Pre-Excavation Activities on the Performance of Urban Cofferdams." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10264378.
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Cofferdams are often employed as temporary watertight structures made of sheet piles and internally braced with steel or reinforced concrete ring beams to retain surrounding soil. For urban cofferdam excavations, soil removal is performed following a bottom-up performance and concrete shear walls and foundations are installed in rock or competent soil. The main goal of this study is to compare the observed performance of two cofferdams projects and conduct a series parametric analysis to study the effects of installation activities of steel ring beams. The first case history is the One Museum Park West (OMPW) and the second is the construction of a cofferdam of a structure projected to be the tallest building in America and the deepest basement built in the city. These two cofferdams evidence the need of a strict deformation control plan applicable to every construction stage, including those considered as ancillary.
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Duckworth, Steven L. (Steven Lee). "Performance implications of corporate real estate strategic orientation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12562.
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Thesis (Ph. D. in Building Economics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, February 1993.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 144-153).
A central concept in strategic management is that congruence between organizational resources and environmental conditions is critical to performance. There are three basic types of organizational resources: human, monetary, and physical. How well a fIrm allocates these resources in pursuit of its product-market opportunities determines the level of congruence with its environment. Rapid technological change and shifting patterns of competition have put an intense strain on the ability of organizations to maintain such congruence. In spite of these pressures, limited attention has been given in both management theory and practice to the resource that is perhaps most apt to impair the adaptability of organizations, namely real estate. The objective of this study is to determine how the strategic orientation or profIle of a corporate real estate unit (i.e., its approach to problem solving, its risk propensity, its level of proactiveness, etc.) relates to performance. A six dimensional model of corporate real estate strategic orientation (labeled CRESO) is developed from various literatures and practitioner experiences. This model is validated based on key measurement criteria (e.g., theoretical and observational meaningfulness of concepts, internal consistency of operationalizations, convergent and discriminant validity, nomological validity) and then used to explore important relationships with two dimensions of corporate real estate performance, service and internal operations, and two dimensions of business performance, profItability and growth. This study contributes to the fIeld of corporate real estate by developing "valid" measures of corporate real estate strategic orientation along multiple theoretical dimensions, and by providing insight into the performance implications of different strategic orientations. Directions for future research in corporate real estate are also proposed.
by Steven L. Duckworth.
Ph.D.