Journal articles on the topic 'Urban parks'
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Alistratovaitė-Kurtinaitienė, Inesa. "PARKO PROBLEMATIKA STRUKTŪRINĖJE MIESTO PLĖTROJE (ŠIAULIŲ MIESTO PAVYZDŽIU)." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 34, no. 4 (December 31, 2010): 216–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tpa.2010.21.
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Nowadays there is a renewed interest in city parks as recreational oases providing tranquillity and balancing out urban processes. This paper reviews characteristic features of city parks situated in an urban environment, presents comparative characteristics of exceptional parks, and summarizes the development of city parks in Lithuania in the 20th century. Within this context a feasibility study of the central park in S˘iauliai is presented, focussing on the task of clearly distinguishing the park’s borders during its moderate urbanization and preserving the park in the process of integration of its urban neighbourhood, meanwhile improving the park’s composition and service infrastructure. The paper analyses the park’s territory as an element of urban structure: position within the green city structure and the system of green spaces; arrangement of the green space in the overall city structure (hierarchy of values of urban structure elements), degree of its integration; transformations of the park’s territory; analysis of the current situation and suggestions. Santrauka Šiuo metu vėl pradėta gręžtis į miestuose esančius parkus kaip gyventojų poilsio, ramybės bei savotiškos atsvaros urbanizaciniams procesams oazes. Straipsnyje apžvelgiami miestų parkų urbanizuotoje aplinkoje ypatumai, pateikiama išskirtų parkų lyginamoji charakteristika, apžvelgiama Lietuvos miesto parkų evoliucija XX a. Šios informacijos fone pristatoma Šiaulių miesto centrinio parko galimybių studija, kurioje iškeltas uždavinys nuosaikiai urbanizuojant teritoriją aiškiai išskirti parko ribas bei kaip nepakenkti esančiam parkui integruoti urbanizacinį kaimyną, kartu pagerinant paties parko kompoziciją bei paslaugų infrastruktūrą. Pateikiama parko teritorijos analizė kaip urbanistinės struktūros elemento tyrimas: miesto gamtiniame karkase ir žaliųjų plotų sistemoje; žaliosios erdvės rangas bendrojoje miesto struktūroje (urbanistinės struktūros elementų vertybinė hierarchija), jos integracijos laipsnis; parko teritorijos transformacijos; esamos padėties analizė bei siūlymai.
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Hwang, Ji-Hye. "A Comparative Study on Long-term Unexecuted Urban Parks: Focus on the Park-PFI in Japan." Korean Public Land Law Association 102 (May 31, 2023): 145–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30933/kpllr.2023.102.145.
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Urban parks are facilities that play an important role, such as providing space for residents in urban areas to engage in social and cultural activities and providing emotional stability. In particular, since it provides green area in urban areas, the importance of urban parks is further emphasized at a time when interest in the environment is high like these days. Urban parks, which play an important role in urban areas, have only confirmed the site of urban parks and have not been constructed as urban parks for a long time. In particular, if the urban park site is private land, the problem of infringement of property rights occurred because the landowner could not perform all development activities. Invalidation of Determination of Urban or Gun Planning Facilities was introduced in July 2000 to solve the problem of property rights infringement in long-term unexecuted park areas. Invalidation of Determination of Urban or Gun Planning Facilities means a system in which a Determination of Urban or Gun Planning Facilities becomes invalid if an urban park site has not been constructed as an urban park for 20 years. Since this legal system has been subject to effective not only private land but also national and public land, the area of urban parks is on the verge of seriously decreasing. To solve this problems, Act On Urban Parks and Green Area and the National Land Planning and Utilization Act were revised to preserve urban parks by introducing Special Cases concerning Developing Activities in Sites for Urban Parks in which the private sector participates in the construction of urban parks and Designation of Urban Natural Park Zones. Despite these efforts, the site area, which is a long-term unexecuted park, reaches 403.9㎢ nationwide, so it is necessary to solve the problem of long-term unexecuted urban parks. However, the finances of local governments are insufficient to turn long-term unexecuted urban parks into urban parks. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a legal system that allows private sector can construct and manage urban parks with private capital. In order to introduce a system in which private sector can construct and manage urban parks more actively, Park-PFI in Japan is compared. Park-PFI is a legal system prescribed by the Act on Urban Parks in Japan that openly recruits private sector to construct and manage profitable facilities such as restaurants and stores in urban parks and constructs and manages facilities that cannot be profitable. Park-PFI can effective in solving the problem of long-term unexecuted parks by reducing the financial burden of local governments by participating in the creation and management of urban parks. To solve problem about long-term unexecuted urban parks, the writter suggests to compare Korea's urban park legal system with Japan's Park-PFI, derive implications, and present measures suitable for solving long-term unexecuted urban parks.
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Hwang, Ji-Hye. "A Comparative Study on Long-term Unexecuted Urban Parks: Focus on the Park-PFI in Japan." Korean Public Land Law Association 102 (May 31, 2023): 145–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30933/kpllr.2023.102.145.
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Urban parks are facilities that play an important role, such as providing space for residents in urban areas to engage in social and cultural activities and providing emotional stability. In particular, since it provides green area in urban areas, the importance of urban parks is further emphasized at a time when interest in the environment is high like these days. Urban parks, which play an important role in urban areas, have only confirmed the site of urban parks and have not been constructed as urban parks for a long time. In particular, if the urban park site is private land, the problem of infringement of property rights occurred because the landowner could not perform all development activities. Invalidation of Determination of Urban or Gun Planning Facilities was introduced in July 2000 to solve the problem of property rights infringement in long-term unexecuted park areas. Invalidation of Determination of Urban or Gun Planning Facilities means a system in which a Determination of Urban or Gun Planning Facilities becomes invalid if an urban park site has not been constructed as an urban park for 20 years. Since this legal system has been subject to effective not only private land but also national and public land, the area of urban parks is on the verge of seriously decreasing. To solve this problems, Act On Urban Parks and Green Area and the National Land Planning and Utilization Act were revised to preserve urban parks by introducing Special Cases concerning Developing Activities in Sites for Urban Parks in which the private sector participates in the construction of urban parks and Designation of Urban Natural Park Zones. Despite these efforts, the site area, which is a long-term unexecuted park, reaches 403.9㎢ nationwide, so it is necessary to solve the problem of long-term unexecuted urban parks. However, the finances of local governments are insufficient to turn long-term unexecuted urban parks into urban parks. Therefore, it is necessary to introduce a legal system that allows private sector can construct and manage urban parks with private capital. In order to introduce a system in which private sector can construct and manage urban parks more actively, Park-PFI in Japan is compared. Park-PFI is a legal system prescribed by the Act on Urban Parks in Japan that openly recruits private sector to construct and manage profitable facilities such as restaurants and stores in urban parks and constructs and manages facilities that cannot be profitable. Park-PFI can effective in solving the problem of long-term unexecuted parks by reducing the financial burden of local governments by participating in the creation and management of urban parks. To solve problem about long-term unexecuted urban parks, the writter suggests to compare Korea's urban park legal system with Japan's Park-PFI, derive implications, and present measures suitable for solving long-term unexecuted urban parks.
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Suripto, Suripto, Jupri, A., Farista, B., Virgota, A., and H. Ahyadi. "Ecological valuation of city parks (Case study for Mataram City)." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 21, no. 3 (October 19, 2021): 1003–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v21i3.3026.
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City parks, apart from having an aesthetic function as a place for recreation, also have an ecological function with vegetation components to soften the microclimate. Vegetation analysis was carried out in six city parks in Mataram City to determine the vegetation structure. Microclimate factors of the park, namely light intensity, air temperature and humidity inside and outside the park during the day and observations of sound attenuation at night have been carried out. Climatic data is carried out to determine the park's ability to reduce heat and air temperature, increase air humidity and reduce noise and determine the park's environmental discomfort index. Of the six urban parks observed in the city of Mataram, namely the parks of Ampenan, Malomba, Udayana, Sangkareang, Mayura, and Selagalas, it is known that there are three groups of vegetation structures, namely trees-shrubs, shrubs-trees, and shrubs. Vegetation with various compositions of life forms in each city park only controls 40 to 60% of the land area of the park. Urban parks in Mataram City have a low level of ability to soften the microclimate, which is below 5%. In reducing heat and air temperature, and increasing air humidity. City parks are also known to have a low ability to reduce noise. The city parks of Ampenan, Udayana and Sangkareang have an environmental comfort level equivalent to the discomfort felt by more than 50% of the population, while the Malomba, Mayura, and Selagalas parks have a level of comfort equivalent to the discomfort felt by less than 50% of the population. The existence of urban park vegetation is only able to reduce the discomfort index of 7 to 9%.
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Young, Terence. "Modern Urban Parks." Geographical Review 85, no. 4 (October 1995): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/215924.
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Okunlola, P. O., B. E. Aduwo, O. T. Omotoye, and T. O. Anjorin. "A Survey of User’s Perception of Urban Parks in Ibeju-Lekki, Lagos State." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1054, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1054/1/012030.
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Abstract Urban green spaces in cities have been attributed to both an ecologically sustainable environment and the well-being of urban residents, thereby improving their quality of life. The positive effects of urban green spaces on individuals, on the other hand, is usually dependent on the extent of these green spaces and their uses. The level of satisfaction with existing urban parks can be assessed based on parameters such as accessibility, safety, and relevant available facilities. The aim of this study is to examine user’s perception of urban parks in ibeju-lekki, Lagos state. The key objective of the study is to determine the design strategies implemented in the design of an urban park; access users’ perception based on the determined design strategies implemented in the selected urban parks. In this research, users of selected urban parks within ibeju-lekki were surveyed to properly investigate their perception of these urban parks in respect to already established survey criteria. Data was gathered through questionnaires, and users were randomly selected across the selected urban parks. The data gathered was analyzed using SPSS and content analysis, and the analyzed data was presented using tables and charts. From the study, it was found that users’ perception of urban parks usually affects their continual use, this is referring to the urban resident rate of patronage of the urban parks. Therefore, to improve resident rate of usage of urban parks, it is important to improve on the design strategies adopted in urban parks.
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Liu, Miao. "Urban park planning and design strategies based on sponge city concept." Applied and Computational Engineering 26, no. 1 (November 7, 2023): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/26/20230856.
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In recent years, people have increasingly attached importance to the application of sponge city theory in urban planning, but often overlooked the urban water regulation role played by urban parks. This paper analyzes the connotation and relationship between sponge cities and urban parks, lists the planning principles of urban parks, and proposes design strategies for sponge urban parks. In the planning and design process of sponge urban parks, rainwater management can be optimized by facilities, vegetation planting methods can be improved, and these can be combined with the current situation of urban parks to build a strong organizational and efficient green rainwater management system. This system not only ensures the viewing effect of the garden, but also effectively recycles and utilizes natural rainwater to form a complete sponge network, effectively promoting the construction of sustainable sponge urban parks.
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Song, Lili, Moyu Wu, Yingying Wu, Xiaoyun Xu, and Changfei Xie. "Research on the Evaluation of Cultural Ecosystem Services in Zhengzhou Urban Parks Based on Public Perceptions." Sustainability 15, no. 15 (August 3, 2023): 11964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151511964.
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Urban parks are the primary green infrastructure for urban residents to pursue psychological restoration, promote health, relax and connect with nature. The various cultural ecosystem services (CES) provided by urban parks directly impact people’s health and well-being. Understanding the correlation between CES provided by urban parks and the different characteristics of specific groups can promote public willingness to engage with the nature and their health and well-being, and the effective information provided by CES can be used to protect and improve specific or traditional areas of parks. This study focuses on two urban parks (People’s Park and Xiliu Lake Park) located in the central urban area of Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China. A questionnaire survey and participatory mapping methods were employed to explore the priority for 10 types of CES among both local residents and visitors, aiming to reveal the public demand for CES in urban parks and provide a basis for the landscape design or renovation of urban parks. The results show that (1) the main purposes for the public visiting the parks are mental relaxation, scenery appreciation, and leisure and fitness. (2) The public has a rich perception of various types of CES in the urban parks, especially in terms of entertainment and aesthetic value. (3) The impact of education level on cultural services was substantial. (4) The trade-offs and synergies of CES of urban parks are complex and diverse. (5) The public’s perception of urban park CES and spatial value tend to be similar, with a wide distribution. Therefore, to maintain urban sustainable development, urban managers and landscape designers should consider different perspectives on CES provided by urban park stakeholders and enhance their CES through landscape design and renovation practices in urban parks, thereby improving the health and well-being of the public.
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Bachtiar, Jasmine Chanifah Uzdah, and Hanson Endra Kusuma. "Tipologi Taman-Taman Kota berdasarkan Sense of Place Pengunjung." Review of Urbanism and Architectural Studies 17, no. 2 (December 30, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.ruas.2019.017.02.1.
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The provision of urban green areas, especially urban parks, has been decreasing as higher demand for public facilities in the city. Urban parks, however, provide many benefits for surrounding residents that require effort to sustain them. The current study wants to identify how grouping (typology) of urban parks was based on visitor’s attitudes toward urban parks (sense of place). The data were collected online from the questionnaire, and the data of 211 respondents were collected. The data were then processed quantitatively by open coding, axial coding, and selective coding analyses. The result shows that there were two groups of urban parks based on visitor’s attitudes; they are restorative parks and forest parks. The restorative park can provide restoration benefits for daily visitors, while forest parks can provide not only restoration effects but also visitor’s hobby activities. Based on the duration of the visit to those parks, the level of visitor’s sense of place in the forest park is higher than in the restorative park. The role of the architect and urban planner is needed to design urban parks that can develop visitor’s sense of place, such as providing a place for attraction, physical activity, walking, photography, relaxation, and enjoy the atmosphere.
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Lee, Heow Pueh, Kian Meng Lim, and Saurabh Garg. "Sonic environment of Singapore Botanic Gardens and benchmarking with various urban gardens of the world." Noise Mapping 6, no. 1 (November 11, 2019): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/noise-2019-0007.
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AbstractThe urban parks and gardens are usually surrounded by busy streets, commercial buildings and areas of high noise levels due to human activities and heavy traffic. These parks and gardens therefore have a unique function of providing relatively quiet areas to get away from the hustle and bustle of city lives. In this study, the sonic environment of the Singapore Botanic Gardens, which was the first UNESCO Heritage site in Singapore, was measured on various occasions and benchmarked with various urban gardens and parks around the world, namely the Luxembourg Gardens in Paris, Real Jardín Botánico in Madrid. St James’s Park in London, Old Botanical Gardens Hamburg, and Carlton Gardens in Melbourne. The Leq noise level was found to be compatible with the respective Leq noise level of the other urban parks and gardens. The sonic environment of the Singapore Botanic gardens was found to be dominated by cicada sound, human activities and water features. The sound level of various water features such as mini waterfalls and water fountains were also measured and analysed.
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She, Jian. "Mitigating Urban Heat Islands in Wuhan: The Role of Urban Parks Over the Past Five Years." E3S Web of Conferences 536 (2024): 01008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453601008.
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In recent years, the urban heat island effect has emerged as a significant challenge in global urban planning and environmental management. The impact of urban parks, as integral components of urban green space systems, on mitigating the heat island effect has garnered considerable attention. This paper conducts an analysis of the impact of urban parks on the urban heat island effect in Wuhan over the past five years, systematically exploring the mechanisms and effects of urban parks on the heat island effect. The study reveals that with the increase in total area of urban parks, their cooling effect becomes progressively more pronounced. Park area, perimeter, and vegetation coverage are all negatively correlated with surface temperature, exhibiting a trend of increasing influence. The perimeter-area ratio is positively correlated with surface temperature, indicating that parks with more regular shapes demonstrate better cooling effects. Urban parks exhibit better cooling effects within a radius of 100 meters from their perimeters. Currently, the cooling effects and coverage of parks are gradually expanding.
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Al Husaini, Muhd Arief. "TAMAN KOTA DI SURABAYA SEBAGAI URBAN PARKS." ATRIUM Jurnal Arsitektur 1, no. 1 (June 6, 2020): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/atrium.v1i1.33.
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Title: Urban Parks in Surabaya
Surabaya is one of the metropolitan cities in Indonesia. Large cities are generally high mobility and limitations in the city. The limitations related to the urban landscape such as the availability of land, air quality, and social interaction space. It is an impact on the quality of life in the city. In order to achieve the quality of life and the need for interaction space, providing plenty of Surabaya city park. The park has many levels, but to a large city should already have a garden level of urban parks. Therefore, it will be analyzed whether the parks in Surabaya is considered urban parks. Analysis of city park in Surabaya through comparing review of literature on urban parks and facts on the ground. The research of parks uses, parks that can represent surabaya's park, taman bungkul dan taman apsari. The results of the analysis concluded that the park has not belonged to urban parks.
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Shafique, Muhammad Umair. "Impact of time scale on plantation pattern: an approach to access tree diversity changes in urban parks." Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences 60, no. 03 (September 1, 2023): 345–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21162/pakjas/23.35.
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Urban parks are an important part of the city's green infrastructure and serve as an indicator for the city's natural environment. Six urban parks in Faisalabad were evaluated, split into two categories: Old parks (OP) and New parks (NP). A thorough census of tree populations was conducted in specified urban parks, and many parameters were studied. The composition of trees, species richness, and distribution of native and exotic trees were evaluated among two types of parks. Tree stem count was used to calculate the diversity benchmark (10/20/30) for tree inventories in selected urban parks. The major objective of the study was to determine the difference in species richness and diversity indices of selected urban parks in both categories. Evaluation of the plantation of Urban parks on the basis of the proposed benchmark (10/20/30) was also the key objective of the present study. The results revealed that 2978 trees from 52 species, 45 genera, and 22 families had been counted, with 2004 trees in the OP and 794 in the NP. A few common species hold the majority of the distribution. OP have higher share of native trees (67.07%) while NP have higher share of exotic trees (59.32%). The dominance of exotic tree species in NP depicted that change in time has significantly affected the plantation pattern of urban parks in Faisalabad. OP had higher tree species richness (47) as compared to NP (36). The dominance of exotic species in new parks is the major cause of low tree diversity. Results of the tested benchmark indicated that the plantation of selected urban parks approximately failed to achieve the proposed diversity benchmark. In urban parks, more attention should be paid to the plantation design and species selection. The pressing need of the hour is to have a tree mix that promotes biodiversity while also maximizing ecological services
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Feng, Xiaojing, Jiahao Yu, Chuliang Xin, Tianhao Ye, Tian’ao Wang, Honglin Chen, Xuemei Zhang, and Lili Zhang. "Quantifying and Comparing the Cooling Effects of Three Different Morphologies of Urban Parks in Chengdu." Land 12, no. 2 (February 10, 2023): 451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020451.
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Urban parks have significant cooling effects, which can both mitigate the urban heat is-land effect and are crucial to the sustainable development of the human habitat. Although studies have been conducted to explore the influence of urban park morphology on the cooling effect of parks, they are not sufficiently in depth. Therefore, this paper took 117 urban parks in the central city of Chengdu as the research objects based on the perspective of the quantitative classification of urban park morphology. Then, remote sensing interpretation, spatial statistics, and regression analysis were used, and the four indicators of cooling intensity, cooling distance, cooling area, and cooling efficiency of urban parks were integrated to explore the cooling effect of the different morphological types of urban parks. The results show that (1) urban parks in Chengdu could be divided into five categories, among which the cooling effect of round parks was the best, and the cooling efficiency was 0.7. (2) In terms of park cooling area, urban parks’ area and perimeter thresholds were 30 ha and 4000 m, respectively. (3) When the area and perimeter of urban parks reached 70 ha and 3000 m, respectively, the increase in the cooling distance slowed down. (4) The cooling efficiency of the park was best when the shape index (indicating the complexity of the park boundaries) of the urban park was 2.8. The results of the study provide theoretical support for the intensive use of urban park green space and help the construction and promotion of a beautiful and livable park city in Chengdu.
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Galečić, Nevenka, Dejan Skočajić, Dragana Vujičić, Mirjana Ocokoljić, and Jelena Tomičević-Dubljević. "Quality and utilization potential of urban parks." Šumarski list 140, no. 9-10 (October 28, 2016): 500–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.31298/sl.140.9-10.6.
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Gradski parkovi kao otvoreni prostori i dijelovi sustava zelenih površina urbanih sredina važan su element cjelokupne strukture grada. Načini njihovog korištenja uvjetovani su razvojem životnog standarda, načinom života i različitim potrebama urbane populacije. Prema konceptu projektiranja parkova koji je primjenjivan do kraja 20. Stoljeća, parkovi su oblikovani tako da omogućavaju aktivno i pasivno korištenje kroz različite oblike rekreacije (šetnja, sjedenje, trčanje, igra djece i druge aktivnosti), no oni u današnje vrijeme ne zadovoljavaju sve zahtjeve suvremenih korisnika te zahtijevaju suvremeniji, odnosno postmoderni kontekst promatranja. Naime, u dosadašnjem procesu pejzažnog oblikovanja nedostaje važan preduvjet za projektiranje kvalitetnih parkova, a to je uvažavanje potreba i očekivanja korisnika. Budući da se temom parkova bave različite discipline, od tehničkih do humanističkih, kao rezultat interdisciplinarnog pregleda literature, u smislu korisnika prostora, izdvojeni su kriteriji za procjenu kvalitete parkova: pristupačnost prostora; pogodnost za različite vrste aktivnosti (raznovrsnost sadržaja i opremljenost); ugodnost boravka (u zavisnosti od mikroklimatskih uvjeta – mogućnosti zasjene, sigurnost prostora itd.) i društvenost (mogućnost ostvarivanja socijalnih aktivnosti). Ciljevi su: (1) utvrditi značaj odabranih kriterija kvalitete u procjeni uspješnosti projektiranja gradskih parkova; i (2) ocijeniti upotrebni potencijal gradskog parka Tašmajdan u Beogradu korištenjem odabranih kriterija kvalitete. U istraživanju je korištena metoda anketiranja na uzorku od 300 korisnika. Anketiranje je provedeno prema utvrđenom protokolu metodom slučajnog uzorka, tokom rujna kao mjeseca u kojem vremenski uvjeti pogoduju odvijanju aktivnosti na otvorenom prostoru. Na temelju anketnog upitnika utvrđena je struktura ispitanika (spol, dob, stupanj obrazovanja, ekonomske mogućnosti i dr.) i njihovi stavovi o predmetu istraživanja: pristupačnosti, pogodnosti za različite vrste aktivnosti (raznovrsnost sadržaja i opremljenost parka), ugodnost prostora i mogućnosti ostvarivanja socijalnih aktivnosti, održavanja parka, postojanje sukoba sa drugim korisnicima parka i dr. U odnosu na socijalni način korištenja prostora vrednovan je upotrebni potencijal istraživanog parka postavljanjem pitanja, kako bi se ustanovilo koliko se park uspješno koristi (pojedinačna ili grupna posjeta parku, razgovor sa drugim korisnicima parka itd.). Obrada i analiza podataka izvršena je Microsoft Office Excel 2007 i statističkim programom SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 10.0 (SPSS, Chicago, IL.). Pregledom i interpretacijom rezultata izvedeni su zaključci: – Položaj i pristupačnost gradskog parka ispitanici su ocijenili srednjom ocjenom od 4.54, što ukazuje na njihovo zadovoljstvo blizinom stanica gradskog prijevoza i mogućnošću dolaska u park pješice. Povezanost prostornih cjelina u parku stazama i mogućnost kretanja stazama u željenom pravcu koje kod korisnika stvaraju sigurnost, također su ocijenjene visokom srednjom ocjenom (4.36). Dobra pristupačnost i unutarnja povezanost, uz osjećaj sigurnosti povećavaju uporabni potencijal parka. – Na temelju stavova ispitanika o raznovrsnosti sadržaja i opremljenosti prostora za različite vrste aktivnosti prepoznat je nedostatak sadržaja posebno namijenjenih mlađim dobnim skupinama (tinejdžeri), ali i i starijoj populaciji (sportski tereni, dječija igrališta, stolovi i klupe u hladu). Također nedostaje uslužni prostor za iznajmljivanje bicikala i rola, kao i ograda oko parka. Istraživanjem različitih vrsta aktivnosti i potreba korisnika evidentirani su i sukobi različitih grupa korisnika istog prostora. – Ukupna ugodnost prostora Tašmajdanskog parka je ocijenjena kao vrlo dobra (4.06). Međutim, ispitanici daju najnižu ocenu za udobnost klupa u parku i neodostatak prostora za sjedenje koji su u hladu. – Kako 77 % ipitanika posjećuje park s prijateljima i 51 % ispitanika razgovara s drugim korisnicima parka, dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da sa socijalnog gledišta korištenja prostora park ispunjava svoju funkciju. Rezultati ukazuju da na kvalitetu gradskih parkova bitno utječu upravljanje i održavanje. Stoga je neophodno uvođenje jasno prepoznatljive službe koja će se baviti upravljanjem i održavanjem parka. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na upotrebljivost četiri korištena kriterija za procjenu upotrebnog potencijala parka. Dobiveni rezultati daju podlogu za izradu preporuka za unapređenje procesa pejsažnog oblikovanja i projektiranja u gradu, u cilju poboljšanja kvalitete parkova i zadovoljavanja potreba korisnika za određenim vrstama aktivnosti, što će unaprijediti i samu razinu korištenja ovih prostora.
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Xu, Zening, Xiaolu Gao, Zhiqiang Wang, and Jie Fan. "Big Data-Based Evaluation of Urban Parks: A Chinese Case Study." Sustainability 11, no. 7 (April 10, 2019): 2125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11072125.
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Urban parks play a key role in urban sustainable development. This paper proposes a method for the evaluation of public parks from the perspective of accessibility and quality. The method includes the data extraction of urban park locations and the delineation of urban built-up areas. The processing of urban park data not only involves the extraction from digital maps, but also the classification of urban parks using a semi-automated model in ArcGIS. The urban area is identified using the Point of Interest (POI) data in digital maps, taking economic and human activities into consideration. The service area and its overlapped time is included in the evaluation indicators. With a clear definition of park and urban built-up area, the evaluation result of urban parks is of great comparability. Taking China as an example, the quality of urban parks in 273 prefecture-level cities has been evaluated. The results show that the average service coverage of urban parks in Chinese cities is 64.8%, and that there are significant disparities between cities with different population sizes and locations. The results suggest the necessity to improve public parks in small-and-medium sized cities and inland areas to strengthen the coordination of urbanization and regional development.
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Kostrakiewicz-Gierałt, Kinga, Katarzyna Gmyrek, and Artur Pliszko. "The Effect of the Distance from a Path on Abiotic Conditions and Vascular Plant Species in the Undergrowth of Urban Forests and Parks." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (May 5, 2022): 5621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095621.
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Urban forests and parks are essential for the maintenance of biodiversity as well as human health and well-being. Residents and tourists commonly use urban forests and parks for recreational and sport purposes, contributing to changes in vegetation. This study aimed to assess the effect of distance from formal paths on the abiotic conditions, vegetation cover, as well as ecological diversity of vascular plant species in the undergrowth of urban forests and parks. The investigations were carried out in 2021 in 10 urban forests and 10 urban parks located in Kraków (southern Poland), using a total of 400 plots (1 × 1 m) situated in close (CL) and further (FU) vicinity of formal paths. We found a positive effect of the distance from the path on the depth of the compact soil layer, vegetation cover and height of the tallest shoot in the undergrowth of urban forests and parks. On the other hand, the distance from the path had a negative effect on the number of vascular plant species in the undergrowth in both forests and parks. Forests and parks differed significantly from each other in light intensity, the content of P in soil, depth of compact soil layer, number of species, as well as in cover-abundance of species representing different life forms, dispersal types, habitat affiliations and origins. Trampling leads to low plant cover and height of the undergrowth, as well as contributing to shallow localization of the compact soil layer near paths. Human movement on paths (walking, running, biking) with accompanying pets contributes to the successful dispersal of plants, resulting in high species richness. High light intensity in urban parks enhances the total number of species, cover-abundance of meadow and grassland plants, as well as cover-abundance of hemicryptophytes. The number of alien species was higher in parks than in forests, but the cover-abundance of alien plants was higher in forests than in parks. Urban forests are more suitable for the growth and biomass production of some alien herbs than urban parks, as mowing commonly used in parks appears to be an important factor in reducing their cover abundance. Regular fertilization and irrigation contribute to the high content of phosphorus in the soil, as well as to the high cover-abundance of meadow and grassland plants in urban parks. Urban forests enhance cover abundance of plants with dispersal mechanisms of the Bidens and Lycopodium types, whereas urban parks promote cover abundance of plants with the dispersal of the Allium type. Further study is needed to confirm the role of urban forests and parks in the preservation of ancient forest species, as well as to develop an appropriate design of paths that will allow the protection of vegetation and soil in urban forests and parks.
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Feng, Shu, Liding Chen, Ranhao Sun, Zhiqiang Feng, Junran Li, Muhammad Sadiq Khan, and Yongcai Jing. "The Distribution and Accessibility of Urban Parks in Beijing, China: Implications of Social Equity." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 24 (December 4, 2019): 4894. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16244894.
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As public service facilities, urban parks offer many benefits for daily life and social activities for residents. However, the accessibility of public parks to urban residents is often unevenly distributed in spaces that cannot be utilized fully. Here, we used the urban parks in Beijing, China as a case study and examined the relationship between urban park accessibility and population distribution at different administrative levels. Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve were used to evaluate the social equity of urban park accessibility, and the location quotient was used to identify the spatial difference between urban parks and resident population. The results of our study show that the urban park accessibility varies at district and subdistrict levels and that places with more urban parks usually have higher accessibility. Very importantly, the spatial equity is different from the social equity, a mismatch exists between the spatial distribution of urban parks and population, particularly for the elderly residents. These results generate valuable insights, as, in China and many developing countries, current urban public green space planning only uses the ratio of public green space to urban construction land and the per capita public green area.
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Li, Bai. "Research on the Construction Layout of Urban Sports Park Based on Constraint Graph Model." Open House International 44, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2019-b0007.
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To study the spatial layout of urban sports parks, the constraint graph model was used to quantitatively analyze the construction of urban sports parks in China. At the same time, theories on the construction and development of urban sports parks and urban renewal at home and abroad were reviewed. The construction status of urban sports parks in China was systematically studied. Foreign case cities were investigated. Finally, the case cities in our country were discussed. The results showed that in addition to the influence of certain policies and economic factors, the development of sports parks was affected by factors such as urban space development, population size and living distribution, urban culture, regional environmental characteristics and the layout of original sports resources. Therefore, the impact of the above factors should be considered in the development of sports parks and their spatial layout. The layout of the sports park should be balanced to meet the diverse needs of the residents.
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Zhang, Hui, and Gregory Kiyai @ Keai. "Pocket Parks in Urban Design: Enhancing Urban Environment and Community Well-being." Highlights in Art and Design 5, no. 3 (April 27, 2024): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/7xey6r07.
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As urban environments become increasingly dense, pocket parks have emerged as essential elements in enhancing the urban environment and improving the quality of life in densely populated areas. These compact, strategically designed spaces offer a range of benefits, extending from ecological enrichment to fostering social connections. This paper explores the concept and significance of pocket parks in urban design, examining their contributions to both ecological diversity and community well-being. Central to their success is a commitment to innovative design principles that emphasize efficient space utilization, contextual integration, and ecological sensitivity. These principles ensure that pocket parks are not only practical and visually appealing but also resonate with local community needs and the surrounding environment. This study aims to highlight the transformative potential of pocket parks in creating more livable, sustainable, and inclusive urban environments, underlining their role as dynamic elements in contemporary urban development.
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Leveau, Lucas M. "Urban Parks Are Related to Functional and Phylogenetic Filtering of Raptor Assemblages in the Austral Pampas, Argentina." Birds 5, no. 1 (January 17, 2024): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/birds5010003.
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Urban parks are hot spots of bird diversity in cities. However, their role as urban filters for raptor species has not been assessed yet. This study aimed to compare the functional and phylogenetic traits of raptor assemblages in urban parks with the regional species pool of raptors in east–central Argentina. Diurnal raptors were surveyed in 51 urban parks in six cities during breeding and nonbreeding seasons. The regional species pool was assessed through raptor surveys and published maps surrounding the cities. The observed functional and phylogenetic relatedness of urban raptors was compared with 999 simulated raptor assemblages from the regional species pool. A total of five species were recorded in urban parks. The Chimango Caracara (Milvago chimango) was the numerically dominant species, comprising 95% of the 172 individuals recorded. The regional species pool was composed of 20 diurnal species. The functional and phylogenetic relatedness of urban raptors was higher than expected by chance, suggesting filtering induced by urban parks. Urban raptors were, in general, generalist species with small body sizes. Moreover, species tended to be part of the Falconidae family. Based on the results obtained here and in other published work, a model of raptor assembling in urban parks is proposed. The design of urban parks needs to be more heterogeneous, promoting the occurrence of specialist raptors.
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Ren, Yi, and Qiusheng Yang. "Research on the Factors Influencing the Perception of Urban Park Recreational Behavior Based on the “Homo Urbanicus” Theory." Sustainability 15, no. 8 (April 12, 2023): 6525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15086525.
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The improvement of the quality of urban parks plays a vital role in the construction and development of urban society. This study examined the factors influencing recreational satisfaction with urban parks, providing a reference for measures to improve the quality of urban parks. Based on the theory of “Homo Urbanicus”, we conducted a factor analysis of recreation satisfaction with urban parks and constructed a structural equation model. It can be seen from the analysis results produced by the causal model that “supporting facilities” and “functional facilities” have the highest contributions to the factor load of the model, which indicates that individual recreational satisfaction with urban parks is mainly based on the relationship between individuals and space conditions. In other words, these elements are necessary to meet the requirement of the “physical” in the “Homo Urbanicus” theory and to supplement the “physical–group–rational” method structure in the “Homo Urbanicus” theory. This conclusion indicates that the improvement of the “functional facilities” and “supporting facilities” of urban parks will play an important role in improving recreational satisfaction with urban parks. The results of this study can help researchers to build an urban park quality evaluation system from the perspective of recreation quality.
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Meseneva, N. V., and N. P. Milova. "Design of urban parks." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 463 (December 31, 2018): 022015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/463/2/022015.
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More, Thomas A., Thomas Stevens, and P. Geoffrey Allen. "Valuation of urban parks." Landscape and Urban Planning 15, no. 1-2 (June 1988): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-2046(88)90022-9.
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Aminzadeh, Behnaz, and Dokhi Afshar. "Urban parks and addiction." Journal of Urban Design 9, no. 1 (February 2004): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1357480042000187712.
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Wang, Chang, Siyuan Wang, Yilun Cao, Haojun Yan, and Yunyuan Li. "The Social Equity of Urban Parks in High-Density Urban Areas: A Case Study in the Core Area of Beijing." Sustainability 15, no. 18 (September 18, 2023): 13849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813849.
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Urban parks beautify the environment and promote urban public health, and their spatial allocation is significant in maintaining environmental justice. However, the current allocation of urban parks focuses on quantity fairness and pays insufficient attention to accessibility and quality fairness. This study investigated the core area of Beijing and analyzed the fairness of urban park allocation based on park accessibility, area, and quality. We used big data crawling, the two-step floating catchment area method, comprehensive equity evaluation of parks, spatial autocorrelation, and non-parametric tests. The results showed inequality in terms of accessibility, area, and quality, with high spatial distribution in the north and low spatial distribution in the south. The accessibility, shortest distance, and total area of urban parks in high-income residential areas were 3.0, 2.1, and 1.8 times higher, respectively, than those of the low-income residential areas. This indicates that high-income groups have better accessibility, live closer to, and have access to larger urban parks. Middle-income and above groups had access to green space, whereas medium-to-low-income residential areas had poor access to parks, particularly high-quality parks. These findings provide decision-making and planning references for the optimal allocation and rational planning of urban parks.
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Jeon, Youngmee, and Seunghyun Jung. "Spatial Equity of Urban Park Distribution: Examining the Floating Population within Urban Park Catchment Areas in the Context of the 15-Minute City." Land 13, no. 1 (December 22, 2023): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13010024.
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Urban parks, as major components of green infrastructure, have contributed to natural landscape preservation, ecosystem service provision, residents’ physical and mental health enhancement, and social cohesion intensification, under the emphasis on the need for sustainable urban development. However, urban parks have been insufficiently and inappropriately created in the process of the urban space expansion and population density increase, necessitating their equitable distribution and access. This study aimed to analyze the distribution characteristics of a total of 354 urban parks in Seoul, South Korea, utilizing the estimates of floating population derived from big data and the urban park catchment areas, in the context of the 15-minute city. Its 25 districts were classified into the following four types based on the relationship between the area and the population ratios for the 600 m and 900 m catchment areas: Type 1 parks were equitably distributed with well-matched supply and demand; Type 2 parks had an uneven distribution due to insufficient supply and excessive demand; Type 3 parks were inadequately distributed with both supply and demand below average; and Type 4 parks had a mismatch between sufficient supply and unfulfilled demand. This study suggested strategies to improve the spatial equity of urban parks for each type, including qualitative improvement, quantitative increase, redistribution, and accessibility optimization tactics.
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Kongphunphin, Chompoonut, and Manat Srivanit. "A Multi-Dimensional Clustering Applied to Classify the Typology of Urban Public Parks in Bangkok Metropolitan Area, Thailand." Sustainability 13, no. 20 (October 15, 2021): 11426. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132011426.
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Public parks are public spaces that support community activities and enhance the environmental quality of a city. Depending on the local urban context in terms of socio-economic conditions and location, the physical characteristics and particular uses of each public park may vary from each other. Accordingly, urban public parks and their uses reflect the characteristics of communities and neighborhoods where the public parks are located. The aim of this study is to apply analytical approaches using a multi-dimensional clustering method to classify multivariate characteristics of public parks into typologies that combine a set of criteria related to internal park attributes and external physical environments around parks in an urban context of Bangkok Metropolitan Area, Thailand. An analysis of a multi-dimensional data set from 30 public parks resulted in six identified clusters of characteristics of urban park areas. The study demonstrates how the context-specific typology can assist local urban planners, policymakers, and government authorities when considering management strategies for public parks in Bangkok areas.
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Wang, Xuhui, Kewei Liu, Kai Wang, Jian Gong, Yanjun Wang, and Yajiang Fan. "Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Urban Parks and Their Driving Forces in Xi'an, China from 1949 to 2015." Open House International 42, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2017-b0023.
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Urban parks play a key role in recreational activities, public health, and ecosystem services in urban areas. Using GIS and Fragstats, this study investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of urban parks in Xi'an, China from 1949 to 2015 and the corresponding driving forces. The results show that the number and area of parks in Xi'an increased constantly during this period, especially from 2000 to 2015. Up to 2015, small green spaces, usually adjacent to streets, occupied the largest proportion among all types of parks. Archaeological parks were the largest in total area, but wetland parks were leading in average size of a single park. The density of parks was negatively correlated with their distance to the Clock Tower at the center of Xi'an. The dynamics of urban parks in highly urbanized areas were significantly different from that of their counterparts in suburban areas. Driving forces such as urban planning, urbanization and green space policies, and milestone events in the city's development jointly had a great effect on the distribution of parks in Xi'an. The research outcomes will support the upcoming Green Space Planning of Xi'an and benefit the pursuit of sustainability and human wellbeing.
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Cao, Su, Shihong Du, Shuwen Yang, and Shouhang Du. "Functional Classification of Urban Parks Based on Urban Functional Zone and Crowd-Sourced Geographical Data." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 12 (December 6, 2021): 824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10120824.
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Urban parks have important impacts on urban ecosystems and in disaster prevention. They also have diverse social functions that are important to the living conditions and spatial structures of cities. Identifying and classifying the different types of urban parks are important for analyzing the sustainable development and the greening progress in cities. Existing studies have predominantly focused on the data extraction of urban green spaces as a whole, while there have been relatively few studies that have considered different categories of urban parks and their impact, which makes it difficult to characterize or predict the spatial distribution and structures of urban parks and limits further refinement of urban research. At present, the classification of urban parks relies on the physical features observed in remote sensing images, but these methods are limited when mapping the diverse functions and attributes of urban parks. Crowd-sourced geographic data may more accurately express the social functions of points of interest (POIs) in cities, and, therefore, employing open data sources may assist in data extraction and the classification of different types of urban parks. This paper proposed a multi-source data fusion approach for urban park classification including POI and urban functional zone (UFZ) data. First, the POI data were automatically reclassified using improved natural language processing (NLP) (i.e., text similarity measurements and topic modeling) to establish the links between urban park green-space types and POIs. The reclassified POI data as well as the UFZ data were then subjected to scene-based data fusion, and various types of urban parks were extracted using data attribute analysis and social attribute recognition for urban park mapping. Experimental analysis was conducted across Beijing and Hangzhou to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, which had an overall classification accuracy of 82.8%. Finally, the urban park types of the two cities were compared and analyzed to obtain the characteristics of urban park types and structures in the two cities, which have different climates and urban structures.
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Hao, Jingyi, and V. V. Kozlov. "Development of contemporary urban parks in China." Journal «Izvestiya vuzov. Investitsiyi. Stroyitelstvo. Nedvizhimost» 12, no. 3 (2022): 442–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2917-2022-3-442-457.
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The development directions and formation features of contemporary urban parks in China are investigated by reviewing the current news and information sources as well as scientific publications on the principles of contemporary urban park development in China. The study reveals main trends in the development of contemporary urban parks under the influence of the human factor. Thus, in recent years, city residents have increasingly favoured diversified urban ecological parks. Traditional urban ecological parks no longer correspond to contemporary ideas about the high quality of life, making diversification the only way to meet the needs of residents. In accordance with this trend, the design of contemporary urban ecological parks will develop towards diversification and humanization. Although the number of urban parks in mainland China increased significantly between 1980 and 2020, this number is still insufficient to maintain the necessary level of the physical activity of residents. The low number of parks per 10,000 residents, as compared to the US and Japan urban park systems, can lead to the problem of accessibility of public park services. Concerns about spatial inequality are also evident across provinces, city classes and individual cities. In accordance with the policy of prioritized urbanization, inequality is expected to grow unless preventive measures are taken.
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Lai, Siqi, Yifan Zhu, and Brian Deal. "Did COVID-19 Reshape Visitor Preferences in Urban Parks? Investigating Influences on Sentiments in Shanghai, China." Sustainability 15, no. 23 (November 28, 2023): 16396. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152316396.
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Urban parks can be critical components of city landscapes. In the wake of COVID-19, understanding the role of urban parks in helping to elicit positive sentiment and improve the overall well-being of visitors has gained new traction in the literature. This research distinctively investigates whether the COVID-19 pandemic altered preferences regarding urban parks and identifies the key landscape attributes and environmental factors that influenced positive visitor sentiment, thereby addressing a critical gap in understanding the evolving dynamics of urban green spaces in the post-pandemic era. We use a mixed methods approach that includes natural language processing techniques to analyze crowd sourced data across more than 100 urban parks in Shanghai, China. Not surprisingly, our results highlight a post-pandemic rise in preferences for neighborhood parks and features typically associated with neighborhood parks, such as walking accessibility and surrounding residential densities. In addition, we found six park features, the presence of grasslands, water bodies, walking paths, and proximity to shopping facilities, significantly impacted the ways in which people perceived their park experience. These insights can guide urban park planning, design, and management in our evolving post-pandemic landscape to help ensure that urban parks continue to serve as essential urban spaces.
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Tian, Yunxi, Haidong Ning, Hongqian Ren, Jianjun Liu, Kai Wang, and Bo Hong. "National Fitness Evaluation of Urban Parks in the National Ecological Garden City: A Case Study in Baoji, China." Land 11, no. 6 (June 11, 2022): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11060889.
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Urban parks are important places for residents to engage in physical activity (PA). Properly designed fitness facilities play a positive role in the PA level of park users. We conducted a quantitative evaluation of urban park systems based on the revised Chinese version of ParkScore (RCPS) from the perspective of national fitness. Baoji, one of the first National Ecological Garden Cities (NEGCs), was selected as a case study. We analyzed 19 parks and found that comprehensive parks and sports parks obtained high evaluation scores. The area of fitness facilities in Baoji urban parks was low, with an average of 1.85 hm2 per park. Professional sports venues and multifunctional sports venues each accounted for about one-third and children’s activity venues for about a quarter. There were many national fitness stations, but they covered a small area. Only 16% of parks had fitness trails, which was the least represented type of fitness facility. About 40% of the parks had children’s activity venues, with a 1:2 ratio of PA venue to amusement area. The area of free open venues accounted for only 0.1% of the total area of the parks. The number of parks per capita was about 52% of the overall NEGCs, accessibility of 500 m was 34%, and of 1000 m was about 54%. Overall, we found that the supply of Baoji urban parks was insufficient. These results directly reflect differences among fitness facilities in urban parks and can help form a quantitative basis for the optimization of urban park systems and advance the national fitness plan and promote public health.
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Roemmich, James, LuAnn Johnson, Grace Oberg, Joley Beeler, and Kelsey Ufholz. "Youth and Adult Visitation and Physical Activity Intensity at Rural and Urban Parks." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (August 16, 2018): 1760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081760.
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Less physical activity among rural residents may contribute to rural-urban health disparities. Parks can be ideal community resources for promoting physical activity. This study compared park visitation and activity intensity at 15 urban and 15 rural parks matched for acreage and amenities. Parks were observed in the morning, afternoon, and evening on 4 days to determine number of visitors, activity intensity, and amenity use. A total of 5486 visitors were observed with no differences in percentages of males (55.5% vs. 53.9%) and females (44.5% vs. 46.1%) or percentages of weekday (82.4% vs. 81.9%) and weekend (17.6% vs. 18.1%) visitors. The probability of visitors sitting was greater and in moderate intensity activity lower at rural parks. A greater proportion of children (25.0% vs. 14.5%) in rural parks, and teens in urban parks (8.0% vs. 69.6%), were observed on sport fields. A greater proportion of adults in urban areas (12.5% vs. 46.0%) were observed spectating sports. Greater proportions of rural children (10.9% vs. 3.5%), teens (34.1% vs. 12.4%), and adults (38.9% vs. 10.1%) were observed using shelters. Thus, when similar amenities are available, rural and urban parks are used differently, especially by youth. The urban park study results cannot be wholly applied to rural parks.
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Son, Jinkwan, and Taegeun Kwon. "Evaluation and Improvement Measures of the Runoff Coefficient of Urban Parks for Sustainable Water Balance." Land 11, no. 7 (July 18, 2022): 1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11071098.
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As the impermeable sidewalk area increases in urban areas, diverse problems related to water occur. The purposes of this research were to increase the rainwater infiltration rate through water balance analysis and estimate the runoff coefficient according to land cover types in urban parks. The regression equations and runoff coefficients relative to the rainwater infiltration rate were estimated according to the land cover types and applied to eight urban parks. In the results of the experiment, the runoff coefficient was 0.245 for vegetation areas, 0.583 for permeable sidewalks, 0.963 for sidewalk blocks, and 1.000 for impervious sidewalks, which had 100% outflow. The results show that the vegetation area in urban parks is significantly related to rainfall–runoff, infiltration, and evapotranspiration. The average of eight urban parks was 126.52 mm, indicating that 11.80% of the rainfall was recharged into groundwater. Additionally, the average runoff rate was 498.56 mm, indicating that 46.52% was leaked externally. Therefore, it is suggested to decrease the impermeable sidewalk areas in urban parks. Additionally, extending the waterway, swamp, and gravel sidewalk areas is suggested. Urban parks should be developed in order to contribute to hydrological control through the water balance in urban land use.
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Yang, Yang, Ruizhen He, Dongge Ning, Guifang Wang, Manshu Liu, and Albert Fekete. "An Overview of Urban Park Development in Zhengzhou, China." Acta Biologica Marisiensis 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abmj-2021-0009.
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Abstract As essential elements of green spaces and social spaces in cities, urban parks significantly improve the quality of life and promote urban sustainability. Research on the development process of urban parks can be meaningful for coping with the current issues and future opportunities facing cities. This study takes Zhengzhou as the case aiming to outline the development process and characteristics of urban parks within the city. We adopted the empirical analysis to review the evolution processes and trends of Zhengzhou’s urban parks from the perspective of implementation approaches, spatial layout, and functions and uses. Results reveal four subsequent phases: the emergence phase (1949–1977), the growth phase (1978–1996), the acceleration phase (1997–2012), and the promotion phase (after 2012), according to the periods of urban development and the opportunities for green space development. The discussion includes development issues and strategies regarding land use approaches, user group needs, and public participation. The findings may help formulate adaptive and effective policies and planning tools for urban parks and provide a basis for further research on urban parks and Zhengzhou’s road to the ideal “Park City”.
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Khongouan, Waralak, and Putpunnin Khamwachirapithak. "Green Infrastructure Development in Urban Areas: Case Studies of Samutsakhon, Krathumbaen and Banphaeo Municipalities in Samut Sakhon Province." Nakhara : Journal of Environmental Design and Planning 20 (December 30, 2021): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.54028/nj202120119.
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Though the development of green infrastructure in parks in Samut Sakhon province has been continuously implemented, there are still no research studies that have explicitly demonstrated the parks’ potential, nor any public opinions toward the development of urban green infrastructure in the parks that would be productive for the planning to efficiently improve and provide urban green infrastructure. As a result, this study had the following objectives: 1) To analyze the potential and networks of urban green infrastructure in parks in Samut Sakhon province, 2) To analyze the satisfaction of using the services and requirements of the urban green infrastructure development in the parks in Samut Sakhon province, and 3) To propose development guidelines in urban green infrastructure for the parks of Samut Sakhon province. The research instruments comprised a questionnaire, and the data were analyzed by using a scalogram. The results found that high-potential parks were not large in size, but they had all the complete components, as well as green infrastructure featured in the attributes of patch, matrix, and mosaic. Nevertheless, the green infrastructure development featured in the attribute of the corridor had disappeared in several sites of the green infrastructure in the parks. Likewise, the green networks of the parks, specifically those in the high-potential category, were not successive by walking. For this reason, the people were mostly satisfied with the convenient accessibility of the parks, but there were the requirements of paving the footpath, improving the landscape, and adding a variety of activities in the parks. Therefore, the development guidelines of urban green infrastructure in the parks should formulate more areas in the attribute of the corridor at the riverside and on the streets, conserve and increase the park areas by allowing public participation in the management, as well as apply urban planning measures to obtain the park area. In addition, a footpath and bike lane should be safely constructed in the high-potential parks. Simultaneously, the landscape should be adjusted in the low- and moderate-potential parks by launching pilot projects in the parks of the governmental agencies.
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Zhu, Jieyuan, Huiting Lu, Tianchen Zheng, Yuejing Rong, Chenxing Wang, Wen Zhang, Yan Yan, and Lina Tang. "Vitality of Urban Parks and Its Influencing Factors from the Perspective of Recreational Service Supply, Demand, and Spatial Links." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (March 2, 2020): 1615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051615.
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Urban parks provide multiple non-material benefits to human health and well-being; measuring these “intangible” benefits mainly co-produced by the spatial interactivity between dwellers and urban parks is vital for urban green space management. This paper introduced “vitality” to measure the intangible benefits of urban parks and constructed a straightforward and spatially explicit approach to assess the park vitality based on visiting intensity and recreational satisfaction rate. Freely available data of check-in comments on parks, points-of-interest (POIs), and other multi-source data from Beijing were used to assess the urban park vitality and explore the factors influencing it from the perspectives of recreational service supply, demand, and spatial linking characteristics. We found that the urban park vitalities decreased along the urban–rural gradient. The presence of water and facility density in the parks have significant positive impacts on park vitality, and high population density nearby was a positive factor. Moreover, the external higher levels of the POI-based urban function mix and density, as well as developed public transportation, were strongly associated with greater park vitality. Our research proposed a feasible and effective method to assess the park vitality, and the findings from this study have significant implications for optimizing the spatial configuration of urban parks.
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Huynh, Trang Thi Thuy, and Noboru Minakawa. "A comparative study of dengue virus vectors in major parks and adjacent residential areas in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 1 (January 12, 2022): e0010119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010119.
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The primary dengue virus vectors, Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus, are primarily daytime biting mosquitoes. The risk of infection is suspected to be considerable in urban parks due to visitor traffic. Despite the importance of vector control for reducing dengue transmission, little information is available on vector populations in urban parks. The present study characterized mosquito habitats and estimated vector densities in the major urban parks in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam and compared them with those in adjacent residential areas. The prevalences of habitats where Aedes larvae were found were 43% and 9% for the parks and residential areas, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (prevalence ratio [PR]: 5.00, 95% CI: 3.85–6.49). The prevalences of positive larval habitats were significantly greater in the parks for both species than the residential areas (PR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.04–2.22 for A. aegypti, PR: 10.10, 95% CI: 7.23–14.12 for A. albopictus). Larvae of both species were positively associated with discarded containers and planters. Aedes albopictus larvae were negatively associated with indoor habitats, but positively associated with vegetation shade. The adult density of A. aegypti was significantly less in the parks compared with the residential areas (rate ratio [RR]; 0.09, 95% CI: 0.05–0.16), while the density of A. albopictus was significantly higher in the parks (RR: 9.99, 95% CI: 6.85–14.59). When the species were combined, the density was significantly higher in the parks (RR: 2.50, 95% CI: 1.92–3.25). The urban parks provide suitable environment for Aedes mosquitoes, and A. albopictus in particular. Virus vectors are abundant in the urban parks, and the current vector control programs need to have greater consideration of urban parks.
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Trojanowska, Monika. "Assessment of sustainability and health promotion of three public parks in Poland’s Pomerania Region." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series, no. 64 (June 21, 2024): 117–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/bgss-2024-0017.
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The new tendency in Urban Green Spaces (UGS) design is to establish sustainable and health-promoting public parks – often described as the new (second) generation of public parks. The possibilities of wider implementation of the new generation of public parks are presented as an example of a recently constructed or revitalized park in the Pomerania region. This paper discusses three public parks in the Pomerania region – Public Municipal Parks in Rumia, Reda and Wejherowo. In this study, the main research question was whether the selected parks promote the well-being of inhabitants as well as sustainability. The parks were assessed using a standardized tool – the universal standard of health-promoting urban places. All three parks are places for physical, mental and social restoration of neighborhood communities, as well as ecological education. Thus, they can be regarded as health-affirming urban places
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Ramezani Mehrian, Majid, Ayoub Manouchehri Miandoab, Asghar Abedini, and Farshid Aram. "The Impact of Inefficient Urban Growth on Spatial Inequality of Urban Green Resources (Case Study: Urmia City)." Resources 11, no. 7 (July 7, 2022): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources11070062.
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Urban green spaces are essential for improving the livability of cities. Urban parks as green and public open spaces and signs of nature in cities have special economic and social value. The existence of neighborhood parks and their proper distribution is a key element for improving the quality of life in the cities. Spatial equity and accessibility to parks are factors influencing the performance of parks. This study was conducted to determine the current situation of Urmia city in this regard by using the travel cost approach and network analysis, and also examining the impact of rapid urban growth on spatial inequalities. According to the results, 18% of the residential land in Urmia city is located outside of the park service area, and 68% of residential lands outside the park’s service area are areas that have developed as a result of urban growth in the last two decades. Based on the analysis, in 23 neighborhoods of Urmia city, the entire neighborhood is located in the service area of parks and has pedestrian access to this service. Other neighborhoods—to address the issue of spatial justice related to urban parks—fall into three categories: high, medium, and low priority.
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Harjanti, Intan M., Lilin Budiati, and Imam Setyo. "Distribution of Active Urban Parks in Semarang City by Utilizing GIS." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1264, no. 1 (November 1, 2023): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1264/1/012046.
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Abstract Active Urban Parks are part of public green open spaces that play a role for a city, especially for the citizens. Because this active urban park can be a place for people to socialize. This study aims to identify the distribution of active urban parks located in the city of Semarang, which is depicted on the map of urban park distribution. The approach used is qualitative inductive strategy. The method used is a spatial descriptive method using GIS. Based on the results of the analysis, in general the distribution of active urban parks in Semarang City was not evenly distributed. This can be seen from 16 Subdistrict in the City of Semarang, almost all subdistricts have, the distribution of active urban parks that have not yet reached the entire area in each of these subdistricts. From the 16 subdistricts, there are only 3 subdistrict that have a fairly even distribution of active urban parks, i.a. Semarang Timur subdistrict, Semarang Utara subdistrict and Banyumanik subdistrict. These findings will be able to provide information related to the location of active urban parks in Semarang City and their distribution, which is presented in the form of a distribution map so that it becomes more interesting and communicative.
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Slovic, Anne Dorothée, Claudio Kanai, Denise Marques Sales, Solimar Carnavalli Rocha, Amanda Cristina de Souza Andrade, Lucas Soriano Martins, Débora Morais Coelho, et al. "Spatial data collection and qualification methods for urban parks in Brazilian capitals: An innovative roadmap." PLOS ONE 18, no. 8 (August 10, 2023): e0288515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288515.
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Urban parks have been studied for their effects on health and the environment. Accessing park data from reliable and comparable sources remains challenging, reinforcing the importance of standardized search tools, notably in Latin America. We designed a systematized methodology to identify processes of accessing, collecting, verifying, and harmonizing urban park spatial data in all Brazilian capitals included in the Urban Health in Latin America (SALURBAL) project. We developed a research protocol using official and non-official sources combining the results of Google Maps (GMaps) points and OpenStreetMap (OSM) polygons–GMaps-OSM. Descriptive analyses included the frequency of the distribution of parks before and after harmonization stratified by data source. We used the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to assess agreement in the area between official and GMaps-OSM data. Official data were obtained for 16 cities; for the remaining 11 capitals, we used GMaps-OSM. After verification and harmonization, 302 urban parks were obtained from official data and 128 from GMaps-OSM. In a sub-study of the 16 cities with official data (n = 302 parks), we simulated a collection of non-official data using GMaps-OSM and OSM only. From GMaps-OSM, we obtained 142 parks, and from OSM, 230 parks. Statistical analysis showed a better agreement between official data and OSM. After completing verification and harmonization, the complete dataset (official and GMaps-OSM) included 430 urban parks with a total area of 145.14 km2. The mean number of parks across cities was 16, with a mean size area of 0.33 km2. The median number of parks was nine, with a median area of 0.07 km2. This study highlights the importance of creating mechanisms to access, collect, harmonize, and verify urban park data, which is essential for examining the impact of parks on health. It also stresses the importance of providing reliable urban park spatial data for city officials.
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Amraotkar, Sheetal, and Devyani Gangopadhyay. "Assessing user satisfaction of urban parks for sustainable cities: A pilot study of two urban parks in Chennai, India." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1210, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 012039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1210/1/012039.
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Abstract Parks are significant potential spaces in the urban environment and it can provide multiple socio-ecological benefits, when appropriately planned, designed and managed. It presents a vital opportunity to enhance the sustainability in cities and it also improves the local quality of life by providing access to recreation and public health. To create more sustainable and liveable cities, it is essential to assess the performance of urban parks from the user’s perspective and understand their preferences. The aim of the current research article is to identify crucial parameters, their significance and assessment methods to achieve user satisfaction in an urban park setting. Critical analysis of literature forms the substratum for the identified parameters. These identified parameters are then used in the evaluation of two urban parks in Chennai, India through documentation and questionnaire survey. A user satisfaction survey based on the identified parameters and a user preference survey are included in the questionnaire. A grading method is developed based on the hierarchy of user’s satisfaction. The relationship between the park’s attributes and people’s satisfaction in urban parks was investigated in this study to ameliorate the overall performance of the parks. The study can be conducted in other cities too to aid the design professionals, urban decision-makers, landscape architects, and other stakeholders in evaluating the performance of the existing urban parks and assisting them in designing and setting up the urban parks from the users’ perspective so as to enhance more liveable communities.
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Shi, Wenwen, Sharifah Salwa Syed Mahdzar, and Weicong Li. "Park Inclusive Design Index as a Systematic Evaluation Framework to Improve Inclusive Urban Park Uses: The Case of Hangzhou Urban Parks." Applied Sciences 13, no. 23 (December 4, 2023): 12954. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132312954.
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This study aims to optimize the evaluation system of inclusive design in urban parks, emphasizing the systemic nature of sensory, cognitive, and motor capacity support and exploring its role in park design practice. Based on the capability demand model, this study constructed indicators through literature collation and focus group discussion and assigned weights through hierarchical analysis to finally construct the Park Inclusive Design Index (PIDI). Then, the PIDI was utilized to assess the inclusive design performance of 48 urban parks in Hangzhou, China. The results of this study show that the overall inclusive design level of parks is relatively low (the average PIDI < 70), especially in the provision of cognitive support (cognitive-related indicator < 4). Meanwhile, comprehensive and specialized parks performed better in inclusive design compared to community parks and leisure parks. The level of inclusive design is moderatory correlated with the park renovation time and the park area, and strongly correlated with geographic location (scenic spot parks perform better; the parks in the old city perform worse). Ten indicators in the assessment scored below 2, which reveals the current status, shortcomings, and general problems with inclusive facilities in Hangzhou’s urban parks. This study integrated the needs and ability differences of people into the indicators, providing an assessment framework with broad applicability. Inclusive performance is a long-term process, and the implementation of the evaluation framework will provide a reference guide for the design, construction, operation, and maintenance of urban parks across China and even around the world.
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Zhu, Jiayin, Yuanli Wang, and Yuanchen Wang. "Research on Tourist Satisfaction of Yantai City Park Based on Importance-Performance Analysis Method." BCP Business & Management 21 (July 20, 2022): 531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v21i.1299.
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Yantai is a famous seaside tourism city, and its tourism industry has developed vigorously in recent years. City parks not only provide leisure and entertainment places for Yantai city residents, but also are the main components of urban tourism resources, and have become the embodiment of the overall level of urban tourism development. In this study, seven representative urban parks in Yantai were selected for field investigation, and Importance-Performance Analysis method was used to find out the shortcomings of the development of urban parks in Yantai, in order to put forward feasible suggestions for the construction of urban parks in Yantai, and promote park managers to carry out marketing according to different dimensions.
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Zhou, Zexu, Xuedong Zhang, Mengwei Li, and Xuedi Wang. "An SCM-G2SFCA Model for Studying Spatial Accessibility of Urban Parks." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010714.
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The urban park is the main leisure and entertainment place in residents’ daily lives. The accessibility of parks is closely related to the physical and mental health of the residents. Although many scholars have conducted a great deal of research on the spatial accessibility of urban parks, they have rarely considered the supply competition among different parks and the impact of multiple travel modes on the spatial accessibility of parks. Therefore, based on Baidu map navigation data, in this paper, the park Baidu score is used to represent the competitive relationship among different parks, and the impact of multiple travel modes on the spatial accessibility of parks is considered. A supply competition and multiple travel modes Gaussian two-step floating catchment area (SCM-G2SFCA) model is established to evaluate the spatial accessibility of the parks in the Wuhou District, Chengdu, China. The results show that (1) compared with traditional methods, the SCM-G2SFCA model can obtain more accurate results using Baidu map navigation data. (2) There are obvious spatial differences in the accessibility distribution of the parks in the Wuhou District, Chengdu, with high accessibility in the south and low accessibility in the north. The Jinyang and Huaxing sub-districts in the southern suburbs have the highest park accessibility and can obtain more adequate park services. The Fangcaojie and Cujin sub-districts in the northern urban areas have the lowest park accessibility and are relatively lacking in park services. The research results of this study have important reference value for the rational planning of urban parks and the improvement of the spatial accessibility of urban parks in the Wuhou District of Chengdu and similar urban areas.
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M.H., Kyari, Musa H., and Maimuna S.U. "The Urban Public Park of 21st Century: Challenges and Prospectives." African Journal of Environment and Natural Science Research 6, no. 3 (December 24, 2023): 204–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajensr-qdvmlvly.
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The negligence of adequate planning and development of urban public parks in Nigeria is a huge setback to cities achieving maximum utilization in their social, economic, physical, and environmental sectors. This is coupled with many other managerial problems in maintaining the few available ones; and as such it has led to the gradual decay of the nation’s public parks in urban centres and, hence reduced their benefit to the built environment. The garden has become a part of our daily lives. It has become increasingly important since the 18th and 19th centuries. Parks in the city have begun to be abandoned and city dwellers are more comfortable spending their time in the countryside away from the hustle and bustle of the city. However, since the end of the 20th century, urban residents have begun to realize the importance of urban parks in their daily lives. They have begun to realize the importance of a quality environment and life. To meet these changing needs and wants, it is important to re-evaluate the construction of our city's public parks by looking at their true function in meeting the needs of life, environment, and socio-culture of the users. An open-ended questionnaire administered with twenty-one participants (regular users of public urban parks), reviews the literature on the general need for developing urban parks in Nigeria and critically examines the planning, development designs, and the important facilities and management procedures for urban parks. The result of this study will ensure dignity and remove the intrigues attracted to implementing urban renewal and regional planning programs and it will ensure the sustainability of every urban park project in Nigeria. These benefits include general beauty, healthy lifestyles, increased leisure activities, communal interaction and preservation of natural systems, and maximizing abandoned land spaces.
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Yao, Xuhui, Yan Sun, Bowen Sun, and Yan Huang. "The Impact of the Urban Forest Park Recreation Environment and Perceived Satisfaction on Post-Tour Behavioral Intention—Using Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park as an Example." Forests 15, no. 2 (February 8, 2024): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f15020330.
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The positive behaviors that urban forest parks encourage in urban residents (such as recommendations, repeat visits, etc.) are important considerations in the planning and construction of such forest parks. Recreators’ environmental preferences and perceived satisfaction with urban forest parks are responses to individuals’ perceptions and attitudes toward the external environment. Clarifying the interactive relationship between the two is of great significance to improving positive behavioral intentions in urban forest parks. In this paper, the concept of the urban forest park recreational environment is proposed, and in this concept, the three dimensions of the spatial physical environmental preference, regional cultural characteristics, and service experience that the urban forest park recreational environment has on tourists’ perception are separated out. A model of the structural relationship between park environment perception, perceived satisfaction, and post-tour behavioral intention was tested using Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park as an example. The psychological path of tourists’ behavioral intention after visiting the urban forest park can be divided into two categories: the direct influencing path is “urban forest park recreation environment → post-tour behavioral intention”; the indirect influencing path is “urban forest park recreation environment → perceived satisfaction → behavioral intention after the trip”. This shows that tourists’ preference for the urban forest park recreation environment will promote the generation of perceived satisfaction and then stimulate in-depth comprehensive experience evaluation after visiting. By enhancing tourists’ experience of the urban forest park recreational environment through their environmental preference perception and improving tourists’ perceived satisfaction with the urban forest park recreational environment, urban forest parks can improve tourists’ positive behavioral intentions. Clarifying these complex psychological processes provides a new perspective for understanding people’s cognition of urban forest parks, the physiological and psychological benefits produced, and the resulting behavioral tendencies. At the same time, it also provides a new perspective for the planning and design of similar types of urban forest parks. It provides a certain reference value for forest park management.
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Perry, Meredith, Lucy Cotes, Benjamin Horton, Rebecca Kunac, Isaac Snell, Blake Taylor, Abbey Wright, and Hemakumar Devan. "“Enticing” but Not Necessarily a “Space Designed for Me”: Experiences of Urban Park Use by Older Adults with Disability." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 2 (January 11, 2021): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020552.
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Urban parks are spaces that can enhance older adults’ physical, social and psychological wellbeing. As the prevalence of older adults with disability increases, it is important that urban parks are accessible to this population so that they too might gain health benefits. There is limited literature investigating the experiences of urban parks by older adults with disability. This qualitative study, set in a region of New Zealand, explored the experiences, including accessibility, of urban parks by 17 older adults (55 years and older) with self-reported disabilities. Three focus groups (n = 4, 5 and 4 people) and four individual interviews were undertaken. Data were analyzed using the General Inductive Approach. Two primary themes of “Enticing” and “Park use considerations” are presented. Urban parks and green spaces are perceived to provide an environment for older adults with a disability to improve their physical, psychosocial and spiritual health, and social connectedness. Parks that are not age, ability or culture diverse are uninviting and exclusive. Meaningful collaboration between park designers, city councils and people with disability is required to maximize the public health benefits of parks and make parks inviting and accessible for users of all ages, cultures and abilities. Park co-design with people with disability may provide one means of improving accessibility and park usability and thus park participation by older adults with disability.