Journal articles: 'Urban network modelling'

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Ji, Q., S. Barr, P. James, and D. Fairbairn. "A GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS FRAMEWORK FOR FINE SCALE URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORKS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4 (September 19, 2018): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-291-2018.

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Abstract. Understanding the spatial connectivity of urban infrastructure networks that connect assets to buildings is important for the fine-scale spatial analysis and modelling of the resource flows within cities. However, rarely are spatially explicit representations of infrastructure networks available for such analysis. Further, an appropriate database system is the core of development of an infrastructure assets information and management platform, capable of handling the wide range of data for infrastructure system modelling and analysis. In this paper, we develop a geospatial simulation and analysis framework, which is capable of generating fine-scale urban infrastructure networks and storing the network instances in a hybrid database system for further modelling and analysis needs. We demonstrate the use of this platform by simulating the entire-city electricity distribution network for the city of Newcastle upon Tyne. Validation of the resulting network is performed using the network layout diagram from the local power company. The heuristically derived network was found to have a 91% spatial accuracy.

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Price, R. K., and G. J. Catterson. "Monitoring and modelling in urban drainage." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 8-9 (October 1, 1997): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0680.

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A holistic appreciation of the performance of an urban drainage network is needed to understand how best to extend, operate and maintain the asset. These functions are best achieved through the recognition of the complementary roles of monitoring and modelling. A model is needed for planning structural changes to a network. Confirmation of both model asset data and model calibration requires long term as well as short term monitored data. In the future, engineers will make better use of the synergy between monitoring and modelling.

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Huide, Zhou, Rachid Bouyekhf, and Adbellah EL Moudni. "Modelling and H∞ Control of Urban Transportation Network." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 45, no. 24 (September 2012): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20120912-3-bg-2031.00014.

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Kunapo, Joshphar, Shobhit Chandra, and Jim Peterson. "Drainage Network Modelling for Water-Sensitive Urban Design." Transactions in GIS 13, no. 2 (April 2009): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9671.2009.01146.x.

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Nagendra, S. M. Shiva, and Mukesh Khare. "Modelling urban air quality using artificial neural network." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 7, no. 2 (February 19, 2005): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-004-0267-6.

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Kutzner, Tatjana, Ihab Hijazi, and Thomas H. Kolbe. "Semantic Modelling of 3D Multi-Utility Networks for Urban Analyses and Simulations." International Journal of 3-D Information Modeling 7, no. 2 (April 2018): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ij3dim.2018040101.

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Current data models for representing, exchanging, and storing utility networks often meet the needs of specific domains only, i.e. they do not consider the integration of different network systems, mutual relations between networks and the embedding into 3D urban space. These important prerequisites for urban analyses and simulations are met by the CityGML extension Utility Network ADE. Originally developed for disaster management, this article presents the further development of the ADE by new and revised concepts that result from an extensive analysis of relevant use cases. A catalogue of requirements is presented, current data models are evaluated against these requirements, and the recent developments and refinements of the ADE are explained in detail. This includes the concepts of inter-feature links and network links, the linking of network components with city objects, the modelling of functional characteristics, a refined network components module, and a new electricity network package. In addition, an overview of projects that successfully have applied the ADE is provided.

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Zheng, Fangfang, Xiaobo Liu, Henk van Zuylen, Jie Li, and Chao Lu. "Travel Time Reliability for Urban Networks: Modelling and Empirics." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2017 (2017): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/9147356.

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The importance of travel time reliability in traffic management, control, and network design has received a lot of attention in the past decade. In this paper, a network travel time distribution model based on the Johnson curve system is proposed. The model is applied to field travel time data collected by Automated Number Plate Recognition (ANPR) cameras. We further investigate the network-level travel time reliability by connecting the network reliability measures such as the weighted standard deviation of travel time rate and the weighted skewness of travel time rate distributions with network traffic characteristics (e.g., the network density). The weighting is done with respect to the number of signalized intersections on a trip. A clear linear relation between the weighted average travel time rate and the weighted standard deviation of travel time rate can be observed for different time periods with time-varying demand. Furthermore, both the weighted average travel time rate and the weighted standard deviation of travel time rate increase monotonically with network density. The empirical findings of the relation between network travel time reliability and network traffic characteristics can be possibly applied to assess traffic management and control measures to improve network travel time reliability.

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Zeng, Lu, Jun Liu, Yong Qin, Li Wang, and Jie Yang. "A Passenger Flow Control Method for Subway Network Based on Network Controllability." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2018 (September 4, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5961090.

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The volume of passenger flow in urban rail transit network operation continues to increase. Effective measures of passenger flow control can greatly alleviate the pressure of transportation and ensure the safe operation of urban rail transit systems. The controllability of an urban rail transit passenger flow network determines the equilibrium state of passenger flow density in time and space. First, a passenger flow network model of urban rail transit and an evaluation index of the alternative set of flow control stations are proposed. Then, the controllable determination model of the urban rail transit passenger flow network is formed by converting the passenger flow distribution into a system state equation based on system control theory. The optimization method of passenger flow control stations is established via driver node matching to realize the optimized control of network stations. Finally, a real-world case study of the Beijing subway network is presented to demonstrate that the passenger flow network is controllable when driver nodes compose 25.3% of the entire network. The optimization of the flow control station, set during the morning peak, proves the efficiency and validity of the proposed model and algorithm.

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den Duijn, X., G. Agugiaro, and S. Zlatanova. "MODELLING BELOW- AND ABOVE-GROUND UTILITY NETWORK FEATURES WITH THE CITYGML UTILITY NETWORK ADE: EXPERIENCES FROM ROTTERDAM." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-4/W7 (September 20, 2018): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-4-w7-43-2018.

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Abstract. Precise and comprehensive knowledge about 3D urban space is required for simulation and analysis in the fields of urban and environmental planning, city administration and disaster management. In order to facilitate these applications, geo-information about functional, semantic, and topographic aspects of urban features, their mutual dependencies and relations is needed. Substantial work has been done in the modelling and representation of above-ground features in the context of 3D city modelling. However, the belowground part of the real world, of which utility networks form a big part, is often neglected. Existing data models for utility networks are generally very domain-specific and, therefore, not suitable either. This paper describes a 3D data modelling approach for integrated management of below-ground utility networks and related above-ground city objects. This approach consists of manipulating first the structure of existing utility data in the commonly used Feature Manipulation Engine ETL software in order to make the data compliant to the CityGML Utility Network ADE data model. Subsequently, workspaces are created that take care of storing the CityGML data into the free and open-source 3D City Database, which has been extended in order to manage utility network data, too. Moreover, the research shows the suitability of the extended 3DCityDB to perform graph-based topological operations by means of the PostgreSQL pgRouting extension. Lastly, the results are visualized in typical GIS applications, e.g. QGIS and ArcGIS.

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Yan, J., S. W. Jaw, R. V. Son, K. H. Soon, and G. Schrotter. "THREE-DIMENSIONAL DATA MODELLING FOR UNDERGROUND UTILITY NETWORK MAPPING." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4 (September 19, 2018): 711–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-711-2018.

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Abstract. Cities around the world face an increasing need for land as density in urban areas increases rapidly. The pressure to expand a city’s space is especially acute for a city-state like Singapore. How to make better use of underground space? This issue becomes much more emergent in the urban development. In the big data era, a data-driven approach of underground spaces is necessary for the sustainable development of a city along with rapid urbanization. A reliable three dimensional (3D) digital map of utility networks is crucial for urban planners to understand one of the most impactful aspects of the underground space planning. The mapping underground utility networks is a challenging task, especially for cities with limited land resources, congested underground spaces, and a lack of uniform existing practices. This paper proposes a framework to organise the workflow from an underground utility data survey to data use. This framework includes two core parts: A 3D utility network data model that aims to convert utility survey data to 3D geospatial information, and a 3D utility cadastral data model that supports utility ownership management. It is expected that reliable and accurate information on underground utility networks can lead to a better understanding and management of underground space, which eventually contributes to better city planning, making the unseen structures visible.

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Griffin, S., W. Bauwens, and K. Ahmad. "Urban Drainage Modelling Intelligent Assistant." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1994): 427–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0691.

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The work reported here focuses on research being conducted within the Artificial Intelligence Group at the University of Surrey and the Laboratory of Hydrology at Vrije Universiteit Brussel under the COMETT programme. The paper describes the “Urban Drainage Modelling Intelligent Assistant,” a computer-based tool kit which provides guidance, instruction and support for training on aspects of network modelling in urban drainage design and simulation models commonly used in Europe. The tool kit comprises four interrelated, interactive components: an expert system, a data preparation and model execution tool, a document browsing facility, and a term bank. The results of the work are illustrated with the aid of snapshots of the system in use. The specific emphasis here is on the role played by each component in a) the transfer of knowledge within both an inter-disciplinary field such as urban drainage modelling (hydrology, hydraulics, mathematics, computing), and a multilingual community (of particular importance in Europe at present) and b) the training of novices in urban drainage, enabling them to grasp the domain primitives, their interrelationships and meanings.

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Wittmanová, R., I. Makro, J. Hrudka, M. Šutús, and Š. Stanko. "Modelling of Stormwater runoff and Wastewater Flow in the Sewer Network." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1252, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1252/1/012068.

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Abstract The purpose of mathematical modelling of sewer networks is mainly to assess the hydraulic capacity and monitor its behaviour under different conditions to predict the future state. Sewerage network models are also part of the design process. Their advantage is the possibility of simulating the future state of the network and the precipitation and runoff process in the context of climate change. With the help of simulations, it is possible to anticipate future conditions in urban catchments and thus effectively design new networks. The aim of this paper is to summarize mathematical simulation models that are used to model sewer networks.

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Bouzidi, Mohammed, Marshed Mohamed, Yaser Dalveren, Arild Moldsvor, Faouzi Alaya Cheikh, and Mohammad Derawi. "Propagation Measurements for IQRF Network in an Urban Environment." Sensors 22, no. 18 (September 16, 2022): 7012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22187012.

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Recently, IQRF has emerged as a promising technology for the Internet of Things (IoT), owing to its ability to support short- and medium-range low-power communications. However, real world deployment of IQRF-based wireless sensor networks (WSNs) requires accurate path loss modelling to estimate network coverage and other performances. In the existing literature, extensive research on propagation modelling for IQRF network deployment in urban environments has not been provided yet. Therefore, this study proposes an empirical path loss model for the deployment of IQRF networks in a peer-to-peer configured system where the IQRF sensor nodes operate in the 868 MHz band. For this purpose, extensive measurement campaigns are conducted outdoor in an urban environment for Line-of-Sight (LoS) and Non-Line-of-Sight (NLoS) links. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the prediction accuracy of well-known empirical path loss models for urban environments, the measurements are compared with the predicted path loss values. The results show that the COST-231 Walfisch–Ikegami model has higher prediction accuracy and can be used for IQRF network planning in LoS links, while the COST-231 Hata model has better accuracy in NLoS links. On the other hand, the effects of antennas on the performance of IQRF transceivers (TRs) for LoS and NLoS links are also scrutinized. The use of IQRF TRs with a Straight-Line Dipole Antenna (SLDA) antenna is found to offer more stable results when compared to IQRF (TRs) with Meander Line Antenna (MLA) antenna. Therefore, it is believed that the findings presented in this article could offer useful insights for researchers interested in the development of IoT-based smart city applications.

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Mailhot, Alain, Sophie Duchesne, Emmanuelle Musso, and Jean-Pierre Villeneuve. "Modélisation de l'évolution de l'état structural des réseaux d'égout : application à une municipalité du Québec." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 1 (February 15, 2000): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l99-054.

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Many sanitary and storm sewer networks are old and deteriorating rapidly. Water and sanitation managers are becoming more and more aware of the negative impact of poorly maintained sewer networks, especially since they are asked to comply with stricter environmental standards under already challenging budget constraints. The best way to improve the structural condition of a sewer network is to replace failed pipe sections. Planning replacement works necessitates knowledge of the present structural state of the network and of the evolution of this state in the near future. Towards this goal, a predictive modelling strategy was developed for the structural state of a sewer network. A case study in a Quebec municipality is presented to illustrate how the modelling strategy developed can be used to simulate the evolution, over the next 20 years, of the length of a sewer network in poor state, and to assess the impact of different replacement strategies on the global state of the network. Key words: urban infrastructures, sewers, structural state, modelling.

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Aithal, Bharath H., S. Vinay, and T. V. Ramachandra. "Simulating urban growth by two state modelling and connected network." Modeling Earth Systems and Environment 4, no. 4 (August 17, 2018): 1297–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40808-018-0506-1.

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Żochowska, Renata. "SELECTED ISSUES IN MODELLING OF TRAFFIC FLOWS IN CONGESTED URBAN." Archives of Transport 29, no. 1 (March 31, 2014): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/08669546.1146971.

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Making rational decisions about the planning and designing the traffic management in the city requires a proper description of traffic flows following through the various elements of the transportation network. This issue is the subject of many studies, resulting in a wide variety of models used in this field. Generally they can be divided into two main groups: models describing the distribution of traffic flows in the transportation network and models describing the transition of traffic flow by individual elements of the transportation network. This article reviews the models used to describe the traffic shaping in such an arrangement. Then the way of describing traffic flows, which may be used in the construction and calibration of dynamic traffic models has been formalized. The article also includes a calculation example with application of the proposed description of the components of traffic flows on the link of urban network.

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Paulauskaitė, Gabija, and Marija Burinskienė. "ANALYSIS OF WATER SUPPLY NETWORK HYDRAULIC MODELLING INFORMATION SYSTEM." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 14 (August 23, 2022): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2022.17188.

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This article deals with the issues of data processing, storage, analysis and optimisation of urban water supply networks using information systems. The water supply network of Aleksotas–Narsiečiai–Mastaičiai–Garliava and surrounding areas is analysed. The absence of hydraulic modelling information system hampers the ability to deal promptly with day-to-day problems, plan repairs and reconstructions of water supply networks, or to analyse further developments and their impact on the system. For the first time, the hydraulic model of the system is being developed for the territory of Kaunas City Municipality in order to simulate the real operation of the system with minimal deviations. Based on the results of the hydraulic model analysis, recommendations are provided on how to rationally adjust the operation of the analysed water supply system and how to develop the drinking water network in a sustainable and coherent way in the future.

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Musyt, Oksana, Oksana Nadtochij, Aleksandr Stepanchiuk, and Andrej Beljatynskij. "MODELLING TRAFFIC FLOWS USING GRAPH THEORY." Mokslas - Lietuvos ateitis 2, no. 6 (December 31, 2010): 86–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/mla.2010.118.

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An intensive increase in road transport, particularly individual, in recent years has led to such consequences as increased time spent on travel, the number of forced stops, traffic accidents, the occurrence of traffic jams on the road network, reducing traffic speed and a deteriorated urban road network in cities. The most effective method for solving these problems is the use of graph theory, the main characteristics of which is reliability, durability and accessibility of a free as well as loaded network. Based on their analysis the methods for network optimization are proposed.

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Nourian, Pirouz, Samaneh Rezvani, Kotryna Valeckaite, and Sevil Sariyildiz. "Modelling walking and cycling accessibility and mobility." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 7, no. 1 (April 3, 2018): 101–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-10-2017-0058.

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Purpose The most sustainable forms of urban mobility are walking and cycling. These modes of transportation are the most environmental friendly, the most economically viable and the most socially inclusive and engaging modes of urban transportation. To measure and compare the effectiveness of alternative pedestrianization or cycling infrastructure plans, the authors need to measure the potential flows of pedestrians and cyclists. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The authors have developed a computational methodology to predict walking and cycling flows and local centrality of streets, given a road centerline network and occupancy or population density data attributed to building plots. Findings The authors show the functionality of this model in a hypothetical grid network and a simulated setting in a real town. In addition, the authors show how this model can be validated using crowd-sensed data on human mobility trails. This methodology can be used in assessing sustainable urban mobility plans. Originality/value The main contribution of this paper is the generalization and adaptation of two network centrality models and a trip-distribution model for studying walking and cycling mobility.

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Chen, Shaopei, Dachang Zhuang, and Huixia Zhang. "Urban Metro Network Topology Evolution and Evaluation Modelling Based on Complex Network Theory: A Case Study of Guangzhou, China." MATEC Web of Conferences 232 (2018): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823201034.

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As urban metro network is generally referred as a significant component of the modem urban transport system, the spatiotemporal evolution of spatial layout and topology structure of the network should be investigated and evaluated in order to promote urban transport services and optimize urban spatial pattern. This paper takes a case study of the city of Guangzhou, China, and applies the complex network theory and integrates geography information system (GIS) to explore and discuss the growth and topological structure characteristics of the Guangzhou metro network. Importantly, this paper focuses on accessing the formation process of the topology structure of the Guangzhou metro network from 1997 to 2016 on the basis of spatio-temporal sequence data analysis. This aims to provide scientific references for the future development and planning of urban metro network in China.

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Campisano, Alberto, and Enrico Creaco. "Advances in Modeling and Management of Urban Water Networks." Water 12, no. 11 (October 22, 2020): 2956. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12112956.

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This Editorial presents a representative collection of 15 papers, presented in the Special Issue on Advances in Modeling and Management of Urban Water Networks (UWNs), and frames them in the current research trends. The most analyzed systems in the Special Issue are the Water Distribution Systems (WDSs), with the following four topics explored: asset management, modelling of demand and hydraulics, energy recovery, and pipe burst identification and leakage reduction. In the first topic, the multi-objective optimization of interventions on the network is presented to find trade-off solutions between costs and efficiency. In the second topic, methodologies are presented to simulate and predict demand and to simulate network behavior in emergency scenarios. In the third topic, a methodology is presented for the multi-objective optimization of pump-as-turbine (PAT) installation sites in transmission mains. In the fourth topic, methodologies for pipe burst identification and leakage reduction are presented. As for the Urban Drainage Systems (UDSs), the two explored topics are asset management, with a system upgrade to reduce flooding, and modelling of flow and water quality, with analyses on the transition from surface to pressurized flow, impact of water use reduction on the operation of UDSs and sediment transport in pressurized pipes. The Special Issue also includes one paper dealing with the hydraulic modelling of an urban river with a complex cross-section.

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Kim, H., G. Pak, H. Jun, S. Kim, and J. Yoon. "Distributed modelling of urban runoff using a meta-channel concept." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 11 (June 1, 2010): 2707–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.187.

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Hydraulic flood routing is advantageous for computational accuracy; however, it requires individual calculations of an extensive pipe network in the case of a two-dimensional analysis. In this study, a method for considering the characteristics of a two-dimensional pipe network has been developed using the meta-channel concept to simplify the detailed calculations involved in the estimation of runoff from urban catchments. In essence, the meta-channel concept turns a two-dimensional pipe network into a one-dimensional pipe with an effective hydraulic geometry. Once such geometry has been identified, the flood routing can then be performed for an urban drainage system. A nonlinear diffusion wave equation, derived from the Saint-Venant equation, was used for flood routing, with an explicit method used for the numerical solution. The celerity and diffusion coefficients, which are two parameters of the diffusion wave equation, were estimated for the Goonja drainage from a two-dimensional pipe network using the meta-channel concept. A comparison of the results of the meta-channel-based pipe routing with the distributed SWMM simulation and observed data, showed close similarities, and identified the applicability of the meta-channel concept in an urban drainage setting.

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Du, Wen-ju, Jian-gang Zhang, Xin-lei An, Shuang Qin, and Jian-ning Yu. "Outer Synchronization between Two Coupled Complex Networks and Its Application in Public Traffic Supernetwork." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2016 (2016): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8920764.

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The paper presents a new urban public traffic supernetwork model by using the existing bus network modeling method, consisting of the conventional bus traffic network and the urban rail traffic network. We investigate the synchronization problem of urban public traffic supernetwork model by using the coupled complex network’s outer synchronization theory. Analytical and numerical simulations are given to illustrate the impact of traffic dispatching frequency and traffic lines optimization to the urban public traffic supernetwork balance.

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ADAMATZKY, ANDREW, and JEFF JONES. "ROAD PLANNING WITH SLIME MOULD: IF PHYSARUM BUILT MOTORWAYS IT WOULD ROUTE M6/M74 THROUGH NEWCASTLE." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 20, no. 10 (October 2010): 3065–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127410027568.

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Plasmodium of Physarum polycephalum is a single cell visible by unaided eye. During its foraging behavior the cell spans spatially distributed sources of nutrients with a protoplasmic network. Geometrical structure of the protoplasmic networks allows the plasmodium to optimize transfer of nutrients between remote parts of its body, to distributively sense its environment, and make a decentralized decision about further routes of migration. We consider the ten most populated urban areas in United Kingdom and study what would be an optimal layout of transport links between these urban areas from the "plasmodium's point of view". We represent geographical locations of urban areas by oat flakes, inoculate the plasmodium in Greater London area and analyze the plasmodium's foraging behavior. We simulate the behavior of the plasmodium using a particle collective which responds to the environmental conditions to construct and minimize transport networks. Results of our scoping experiments show that during its colonization of the experimental space the plasmodium forms a protoplasmic network isomorphic to a network of major motorways except the motorway linking England with Scotland. We also imitate the reaction of transport network to disastrous events and show how the transport network can be reconfigured during natural or artificial cataclysms. The results of the present research lay a basis for future science of bio-inspired urban and road planning.

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Fu, Guangtao, Christos Makropoulos, and David Butler. "Simulation of urban wastewater systems using artificial neural networks: embedding urban areas in integrated catchment modelling." Journal of Hydroinformatics 12, no. 2 (November 14, 2009): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2009.151.

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The urban wastewater system is an important part of integrated water management at the catchment level, yet, more often than not, inclusion of the system and its interaction with the surrounding catchment is either oversimplified or totally ignored in catchment modelling. Reasons of complexity and computational burden are mostly at the heart of this modelling gap. This paper proposes to use artificial neural networks (ANN) as a surrogate for the simulation of the urban wastewater system, allowing for a more realistic representation of the urban component to be incorporated into catchment models within a broad scale modelling framework. As a proof of concept, an integrated urban wastewater model is developed and its response in terms of both quantity and quality in combined sewer overflow (CSO) discharges and treatment plant effluent are captured and used to train a feedforward back-propagation ANN. The comparative results of the integrated urban water model and the ANN show good agreement for both water quantity and quality parameters. The resulting trained network is then embedded into a MIKE BASIN catchment model. It is suggested that ANN models greatly improve the level at which broad scale catchment models can accurately take into account urban–rural interactions.

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Radics, K., J. Bartholy, and R. Pongrácz. "Modelling studies of wind field on urban environment." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 2, no. 6 (November 11, 2002): 1979–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-2-1979-2002.

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Abstract. Increasing load of air pollution in urban environment emphasises the need for detailed evaluation of wind characteristics that significantly affect the air quality of urban areas, especially, in large agglomerations. This paper includes analysis of urban wind climatology and estimation of wind profiles based on measurements of the new urban climate station located at the Eötvös University, observations of the meteorological station network of the Budapest agglomeration area, and multi-level wind measurements near Hegyhátsál. Furthermore, wind field modelling (using the WAsP linear spectral wind flow model) is presented over selected representative complex areas that demonstrates strong dependence between wind, height, topography, and roughness.

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Chavoshy, Amirpurya, Kambod Amini Hosseini, and Mahmood Hosseini. "Resiliency cube." International Journal of Disaster Resilience in the Built Environment 9, no. 4/5 (November 1, 2018): 317–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijdrbe-11-2017-0065.

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Purpose This study aims to provide resiliency against earthquakes to the framework of an urban road network and to construct a comprehensive model with sufficient computational detail to assist metropolitan managers as a decision support tool in emergency situations via parametric analysis (model behaviour analysis with parameter changes) to quantify the consequences of decisions. Design/methodology/approach Performed stages are: developing existing resilience assessment frameworks for use against earthquakes in urban road networks, identifying earthquake scenarios and estimating the weight of components using AHP, including an example modelling of Tehran; and developing modelling software (using Matlab®). Findings This study produced a software that performs three-dimensional (3D) graphical modelling, resiliency index measurements and its parametric analyses for the road networks against earthquakes. Based on this model, a prioritized list of upgrades is also introduced. The developed tool also addresses issues regarding the allocation of limited resources between the network components. Research limitations/implications Because of the novelty of the study, there is limited literature on this topic. Practical implications The developed model provides urban managers with a comprehensive list of upgrades and empowering them to graphically and numerically evaluate the resiliency changes as they alter the parameters of these measures and balance their decisions based on available funding. Originality/value In contrast to previous studies, this study has focused on all of these three keywords: resiliency, earthquake and road networks, and not only two of them.

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Denpaiboon, Chaweewan, Kundoldibya Panitchpakdi, Hidehiko Kanegae, Pattamon Selanon, and Yanisa Boonnun. "Influences of Urban Infrastructure Development on Urban Forms and Lifestyle of Greater Bangkok." Nakhara : Journal of Environmental Design and Planning 14 (July 1, 2018): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.54028/nj20181495110.

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According to consider the influence of urban infrastructure development impact on land-use and structure. Objective of study is to; (1) analyze urban network into 5 index factors for analyzing a pattern of urban form, and (2) analysis a relationship between urban geo-simulation modelling and behavior of socioeconomic. The study employed the selection of four study areas in the Greater Bangkok and the measurement of each index of urban network analysis and the mutual relationship between the two variables. The finding that residents in the area understand the mixed use of the area and satisfied with convenient commutation. There are uncommitted bonds occurred among the residential projects.

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R. L. Vijayakumar et al.,, R. L. Vijayakumar et al ,. "DMA Design , Modelling of Urban Water Supply Distribution Network in India." International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development 10, no. 3 (2020): 7553–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.24247/ijmperdjun2020718.

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Sahitya, Kurre Sai, and C. S. R. K. Prasad. "Modelling structural interdependent parameters of an urban road network using GIS." Spatial Information Research 28, no. 3 (October 5, 2019): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41324-019-00295-9.

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Mohmand, Yasir Tariq, and Aihu Wang. "Weighted Complex Network Analysis of Pakistan Highways." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2013 (2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/862612.

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The structure and properties of public transportation networks have great implications in urban planning, public policies, and infectious disease control. This study contributes a weighted complex network analysis of travel routes on the national highway network of Pakistan. The network is responsible for handling 75 percent of the road traffic yet is largely inadequate, poor, and unreliable. The highway network displays small world properties and is assortative in nature. Based on the betweenness centrality of the nodes, the most important cities are identified as this could help in identifying the potential congestion points in the network. Keeping in view the strategic location of Pakistan, such a study is of practical importance and could provide opportunities for policy makers to improve the performance of the highway network.

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Ahmadlou, M., M. R. Delavar, A. Tayyebi, and H. Shafizadeh-Moghadam. "USING MULTIVARIATE ADAPTIVE REGRESSION SPLINE AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK TO SIMULATE URBANIZATION IN MUMBAI, INDIA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1-W5 (December 10, 2015): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w5-31-2015.

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Land use change (LUC) models used for modelling urban growth are different in structure and performance. Local models divide the data into separate subsets and fit distinct models on each of the subsets. Non-parametric models are data driven and usually do not have a fixed model structure or model structure is unknown before the modelling process. On the other hand, global models perform modelling using all the available data. In addition, parametric models have a fixed structure before the modelling process and they are model driven. Since few studies have compared local non-parametric models with global parametric models, this study compares a local non-parametric model called multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS), and a global parametric model called artificial neural network (ANN) to simulate urbanization in Mumbai, India. Both models determine the relationship between a dependent variable and multiple independent variables. We used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) to compare the power of the both models for simulating urbanization. Landsat images of 1991 (TM) and 2010 (ETM+) were used for modelling the urbanization process. The drivers considered for urbanization in this area were distance to urban areas, urban density, distance to roads, distance to water, distance to forest, distance to railway, distance to central business district, number of agricultural cells in a 7 by 7 neighbourhoods, and slope in 1991. The results showed that the area under the ROC curve for MARS and ANN was 94.77% and 95.36%, respectively. Thus, ANN performed slightly better than MARS to simulate urban areas in Mumbai, India.

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Sañudo, Esteban, Luis Cea, and Jerónimo Puertas. "Modelling Pluvial Flooding in Urban Areas Coupling the Models Iber and SWMM." Water 12, no. 9 (September 22, 2020): 2647. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12092647.

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Dual urban drainage models allow users to simulate pluvial urban flooding by analysing the interaction between the sewer network (minor drainage system) and the overland flow (major drainage system). This work presents a free distribution dual drainage model linking the models Iber and Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), which are a 2D overland flow model and a 1D sewer network model, respectively. The linking methodology consists in a step by step calling process from Iber to a Dynamic-link Library (DLL) that contains the functions in which the SWMM code is split. The work involves the validation of the model in a simplified urban street, in a full-scale urban drainage physical model and in a real urban settlement. The three study cases have been carefully chosen to show and validate the main capabilities of the model. Therefore, the model is developed as a tool that considers the main hydrological and hydraulic processes during a rainfall event in an urban basin, allowing the user to plan, evaluate and design new or existing urban drainage systems in a realistic way.

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Ruan, Mingchaun, and Jan B. M. Wiggers. "Modelling sewer emission using simulink." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 5 (September 1, 1997): 185–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0194.

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A dynamic programming package SIMULINK has been used to develop a conceptual emission model named SEWSIM for both event-based and continuous simulations of urban sewer systems. The model variables are mostly vectorized for simulation efficiency. The impervious catchment and the sewer network are schematised as two linear dynamic reservoirs. The physical processes that are conceptually modelled include solids buildup and washoff (catchment surface) and sediment erosion and deposition (sewer network). The conceptual model calibrated using measurements or simulation results of hydrodynamic models is able to predict the sewer emission using a long series of historical rainfall records.

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Laouacheria, Fares, Said Kechida, and Moncef Chabi. "Modelling the impact of design rainfall on the urban drainage system by Storm Water Management Model." Journal of Water and Land Development 40, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jwld-2019-0013.

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Abstract Flood modelling is an effective way to manage the stormwater network in cities. It aims to understand and predict the behaviour of stormwater network so that it can test and evaluate effective solutions to structural and operational problems. So simulation modelling stays a preoccupation for building a successful hydraulic modelling in urban areas. This study investigates the impact of the design rainfall on the hydraulic modelling results for the Azzaba stormwater network located in the North-East of Algeria by using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM). Four scenarios of design rainfall events were compared for 10, 25 and 50-year return periods, where we used double triangle and composite curves for the design rainfall event definition. The results show the impact of the choice of design rainfall on the behaviour of the stormwater network, from which the results of simulation by the double triangle method for the short durations represents a great risk on the probability that the stromwater network can overflow and flood the city, with a difference in peak discharge estimated at 62.97% and 58.94% for 2 h and 3 h events compared to the peak discharge simulated by the composite rainfall method.

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Lipeme Kouyi, G., N. Rivière, V. Vidalat, A. Becquet, B. Chocat, and V. Guinot. "Urban flooding: one-dimensional modelling of the distribution of the discharges through cross-road intersections accounting for energy losses." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 8 (April 1, 2010): 2021–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.133.

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Many investigations have been carried out in order to develop models which allow the understanding of complex physical processes involved in urban flooding. The modelling of the interactions between overland flows on streets and flooding flows from rivers and sewer networks is one of the main objectives of recent and current research programs in hydraulics and urban hydrology. However, the modelling of the discharge distribution in the street network with crossroad needs further research due to the complexity of the flow through junctions. This paper outlines the ability of the improved one-dimensional CANOE software to simulate the street flows through the virtual network (developed under the Hy2Ville French National project framework) with several cross-roads. The improvements are done by adding in CANOE the energy losses coefficients deriving from the calibration phase based on the experimental study of the flow through small scale physical model of cross-road channels. Comparisons between 1D and 2D simulated distribution of discharges through the virtual network show a good agreement for the global distribution. However, large differences are observed focusing on the individual cross-road intersections in the virtual network.

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Liu, Chun, Li Chen, Quan Yuan, Hangbin Wu, and Wei Huang. "Revealing Dynamic Spatial Structures of Urban Mobility Networks and the Underlying Evolutionary Patterns." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 4 (April 5, 2022): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11040237.

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Urban space exhibits rich and diverse organizational structures, which is difficult to characterize and interpret. Modelling urban spatial structures in the context of mobility and revealing their underlying patterns in dynamic networks are key to understanding urban spatial structures and how urban systems work. Most existing methods overlook its temporal dimension and oversimplify its spatial heterogeneity, and it is challenging to address these complex properties using one single method. Therefore, we propose a framework based on temporal networks for modeling dynamic urban mobility structures. First, we cast aggregated traffic flows into a compact and informative temporal network for structure representation. Then, we explore spatial cluster substructures and temporal evolution patterns to acquire evolution regularities. Last, the capability of the proposed framework is examined by an empirical analysis based on taxi mobility networks. The experiment results enable to quantitatively depict urban space dynamics and effectively detect spatiotemporal heterogeneity in mobility networks.

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Leitão, J. P., S. Boonya-aroonnet, D. Prodanović, and Č. Maksimović. "The influence of digital elevation model resolution on overland flow networks for modelling urban pluvial flooding." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 12 (December 1, 2009): 3137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.754.

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This paper presents the developments towards the next generation of overland flow modelling of urban pluvial flooding. Using a detailed analysis of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM) the developed GIS tools can automatically generate surface drainage networks which consist of temporary ponds (floodable areas) and flow paths and link them with the underground network through inlets. For different commercially-available Rainfall–Runoff simulation models, the tool will generate the overland flow network needed to model the surface runoff and pluvial flooding accurately. In this paper the emphasis is placed on a sensitivity analysis of ponds and preferential overland flow paths creation. Different DEMs for three areas were considered in order to compare the results obtained. The DEMs considered were generated using different acquisition techniques and hence represent terrain with varying levels of resolution and accuracy. The results show that DEMs can be used to generate surface flow networks reliably. As expected, the quality of the surface network generated is highly dependent on the quality and resolution of the DEMs and successful representation of buildings and streets.

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Zhao, Guohan, Ole Mark, Thomas Balstrøm, and Marina B. Jensen. "A Sink Screening Approach for 1D Surface Network Simplification in Urban Flood Modelling." Water 14, no. 6 (March 18, 2022): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14060963.

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Sinks configure the surface networks for overland flow processes representations during 1D hydrodynamic modelling. The excessive number of sinks detected from high-resolution DEMs can boost 1D computational costs significantly. To pursue optimal sink numbers and their optimal spatial distribution, a Volume Ratio Sink Screening (VRSS) method was developed to screen for computationally important sinks, while compensating for volume losses from removed (unimportant) sinks, such that 1D hydrodynamic modelling yields faster computing times without significant loss of accuracy. In comparison with an existing geometry-based sink screening method, we validated this method by conducting sensitivity analyses for the proposed screening criteria in three Danish case areas of distinct topographies. Two iterative procedures were programmed to assess and compare their sink screening performances in terms of sink number reductions and volume loss reductions, and a volume loss solver was developed to quantify catchment-wide volume losses in the 1D surface network. Compared to a geometry-based sink screening method, the VRSS method performs more robustly and produces more efficient reductions in the number of sinks, as well as efficient reductions in volume losses.

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Tempelmeier, Nicolas, Udo Feuerhake, Oskar Wage, and Elena Demidova. "Mining Topological Dependencies of Recurrent Congestion in Road Networks." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 4 (April 8, 2021): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10040248.

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The discovery of spatio-temporal dependencies within urban road networks that cause Recurrent Congestion (RC) patterns is crucial for numerous real-world applications, including urban planning and the scheduling of public transportation services. While most existing studies investigate temporal patterns of RC phenomena, the influence of the road network topology on RC is often overlooked. This article proposes the ST-Discovery algorithm, a novel unsupervised spatio-temporal data mining algorithm that facilitates effective data-driven discovery of RC dependencies induced by the road network topology using real-world traffic data. We factor out regularly reoccurring traffic phenomena, such as rush hours, mainly induced by the daytime, by modelling and systematically exploiting temporal traffic load outliers. We present an algorithm that first constructs connected subgraphs of the road network based on the traffic speed outliers. Second, the algorithm identifies pairs of subgraphs that indicate spatio-temporal correlations in their traffic load behaviour to identify topological dependencies within the road network. Finally, we rank the identified subgraph pairs based on the dependency score determined by our algorithm. Our experimental results demonstrate that ST-Discovery can effectively reveal topological dependencies in urban road networks.

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Moshahedi, Nadia, Lina Kattan, and Richard Tay. "A network-wide anticipatory control of an urban network using macroscopic fundamental diagram." Transportmetrica B: Transport Dynamics 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 415–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21680566.2021.1878966.

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Wegener, M. "Transport Network Equilibrium and Regional Deconcentration." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 18, no. 4 (April 1986): 437–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a180437.

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Processes of urban and regional change can be classified in terms of their temporal characteristics as fast-adjusting, medium-response, or inert. Based on this classification, a modelling approach is presented that combines (1) a fast-adjusting equilibrium-type transport model, (2) a medium-response residential occupation (housing-market) model, and (3) a strongly lagged residential location (housing-construction) model. It is suggested that such a model structure takes better account of the range of temporal behaviour observed in metropolitan regions than modelling approaches directed at determining a simultaneous equilibrium of transport and location. With data of the Dortmund, West Germany, metropolitan region, the model is employed to demonstrate the role of the transport system in the process of regional deconcentration observed in that region.

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Xing, Ruru, Qingfang Yang, and Lili Zheng. "Research on Cascading Failure Model of Urban Regional Traffic Network under Random Attacks." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2018 (November 11, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1915695.

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For better describing the network cascading failure caused by random attacks such as traffic accidents, this paper introduces the ORNL-PSerc-Alaska (OPA) model to analyze the urban regional traffic network vulnerability. Firstly, the double-layer network model is built for analyzing the complex characteristics of the regional traffic network. Secondly, the cascading failure model is built to better describe the process of the network cascading failure under random attacks. Finally, by simulating the network failure process, the vulnerability of the traffic network will be pointed out, which provides the theoretical basis for avoiding the network cascading failure under random attacks.

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Prasad, C. S. R. K., and Kurre Sai Sahitya. "Fractal modelling of an urban road network using Geographical Information Systems (GIS)." World Review of Intermodal Transportation Research 9, no. 4 (2020): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/writr.2020.10033087.

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Sahitya, Kurre Sai, and C. S. R. K. Prasad. "Fractal modelling of an urban road network using Geographical Information Systems (GIS)." World Review of Intermodal Transportation Research 9, no. 4 (2020): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/writr.2020.111078.

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Chowdhury, R. K., and M. A. Rajput. "Will greywater reuse really affect the sewer flow? Experience of a residential complex in Al Ain, UAE." Water Supply 17, no. 1 (August 10, 2016): 246–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2016.131.

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Reuse of recycled wastewater is one of the most feasible unconventional urban water sources in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The extraction and reuse of greywater might affect the water and sewer pipe networks by changing flow characteristics. Therefore, the research question is how much greywater can be reused without affecting the existing water and sewer pipe networks? A residential complex located in Al Ain, UAE, was investigated in this regard. Water pipe network, water consumption and sewer flow data were collected and scenario modelling was conducted using the EPANET software. It was found that 100% capture and reuse of greywater has no impact on the upstream water distribution network, but reduces the recommended design flow in the downstream sewer network. The modelling results show that about 50% of generated greywater (about 95 litres per capita per day) can be harvested without affecting the upstream and downstream water and sewer flow characteristics, respectively.

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Wang, Yuning, Zhe Zhang, and Hui Sun. "Assessing Customer Satisfaction of Urban Rail Transit Network in Tianjin Based on Intuitionistic Fuzzy Group Decision Model." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2018 (December 2, 2018): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4205136.

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Urban rail transit has played an important role in big and crowded cities. Providing services with high levels of customer satisfaction is essential in order to increase the sharing rate of urban rail transit and to reduce traffic congestion by shifting people away from private car use. Therefore, it is of great significance to improve the customer satisfaction of urban rail transit. This paper presents an intuitionistic fuzzy group decision model to evaluate the customer satisfaction of urban rail transit. An evaluation indicator system including seven categories of indicators is established to measure passengers’ satisfaction. The overall customer satisfaction level of the urban rail transit lines is obtained by the intuitionistic fuzzy entropy and intuitionistic fuzzy weighted average (IFWA) operator. The intuitionistic fuzzy entropy is used to solve attribute weights and IFWA operator is used to solve the information aggregation. Drawing on Tianjin urban rail transit lines as a case study, the detailed analyses were conducted to evaluate the overall customer satisfaction level of five urban rail transit lines and as such suggesting remedy strategies. The results can help urban rail transit operation company to improve the service quality of urban rail transit.

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Mohammady, S., M. R. Delavar, and P. Pahlavani. "URBAN GROWTH MODELING USING AN ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK A CASE STUDY OF SANANDAJ CITY, IRAN." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-2/W3 (October 22, 2014): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-2-w3-203-2014.

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Land use activity is a major issue and challenge for town and country planners. Modelling and managing urban growth is a complex problem. Cities are now recognized as complex, non-linear and dynamic process systems. The design of a system that can handle these complexities is a challenging prospect. Local governments that implement urban growth models need to estimate the amount of urban land required in the future given anticipated growth of housing, business, recreation and other urban uses within the boundary. There are so many negative implications related with the type of inappropriate urban development such as increased traffic and demand for mobility, reduced landscape attractively, land use fragmentation, loss of biodiversity and alterations of the hydrological cycle. The aim of this study is to use the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) to make a powerful tool for simulating urban growth patterns. Our study area is Sanandaj city located in the west of Iran. Landsat imageries acquired at 2000 and 2006 are used. Dataset were used include distance to principle roads, distance to residential areas, elevation, slope, distance to green spaces and distance to region centers. In this study an appropriate methodology for urban growth modelling using satellite remotely sensed data is presented and evaluated. Percent Correct Match (PCM) and Figure of Merit were used to evaluate ANN results.

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Marín, Ángel, and Patricia Jaramillo. "Urban rapid transit network capacity expansion." European Journal of Operational Research 191, no. 1 (November 2008): 45–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2007.08.010.

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Pacheco, Mafalda Batista, Itziar Navarro-Amezketa, and Teresa Heitor. "Mapping the urban form of coastal fishing towns in Algarve: Olhão and Vila Real de Santo António." urbe. Revista Brasileira de Gestão Urbana 9, suppl 1 (October 2017): 313–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-3369.009.supl1.ao05.

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Abstract The paper examines the urban growth patterns of two coastal fishing towns in southern Portugal: Olhão and Vila Real de Santo António. The goal is to investigate the relationship between the configurational and network properties of the urban forms in order to identify generative or emergent patterns, understanding their particular urban morphology. The Space Syntax Theory, applied to the syntactical modelling of these towns, is used to understand the urban processes. Topological variables, such as connectivity, integration and intelligibility, are calculated by DepthMap Software and the Theory of the “Deformed Wheel” is used to represent the evolutionary trends and to identify generic rules. The study is developed by comparing the two urban networks in two moments of their evolution, first in the mid-20th century, which corresponds to the historic core, and second corresponding to the present day. The main results demonstrate a contrast between the segregated network of Olhão's irregular historic centre and the integrated network of Vila Real de Santo António's regular historic centre, revealed by the value of integration variable. The urban expansion of these towns during the last decades decreased the value of integration and aggravated the intelligibility of the urban fabric. The application of syntactic approaches, with quantitative analysis, aims to complement the traditional procedures of the History of Urbanism, developing an operational method adaptable to the study of urban morphology.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Urban network modelling'

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