Journal articles on the topic 'Urban middle classe'
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Pacheco, Mónica. "HABITAÇÃO EM MASSA PARA A CLASSE MÉDIA ENTRE A CIDADE E O SUBÚRBIO: O CASO DA QUINTA DAS LAVADEIRAS." Proyecto, Progreso, Arquitectura, no. 27 (2022): 114–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/ppa.2022.i27.07.
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Em meados da década de 1950, milhares de pessoas abandonavam as zonas rurais do interior português rumo à capital em busca de melhores condições de vida. O crescimento populacional nos seus territórios periféricos aumentava assim exponencialmente, em particular no limite norte, com um enorme impacto nos fluxos de tráfego pendular e na especulação imobiliária, afetando uma classe média emergente, ignorada pelo Estado, explorada e orientada para a economia de mercado. Á margem das narrativas da alta cultura, estes lugares encarnaram a imagem dos maiores males da ortodoxia do urbanismo moderno: o carácter anónimo da vida (sub)urbana, da habitação em massa e da autoestrada. O seu estudo tem sido ignorado e, consequentemente, uma parte importante do tecido da cidade. Recorrendo a material de arquivo não publicado, filmes e notícias de época, este artigo reconstrói a história do conjunto urbano da Quinta das Lavadeiras na Calçada de Carriche, a porta norte de Lisboa, desenvolvido durante os anos 1960 por promotores privados. O cruzamento da informação relativa ao projeto, sua construção e respetivo impacto na paisagem, na sua condição intermédia, entre o rural e a fé no progresso urbano, entre centro e subúrbio, entre classes sociais, permite uma reflexão crítica sobre o divórcio entre o debate teórico e a construção de uma contra-arquitetura promovida por empresas de construção que atuaram nestes territórios expectantes, definindo-os.
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Cruz, Renatha Cândida da, and João Batista de Deus. "Da Esperança ao Triunfo: o estudo da formação de uma nova classe trabalhadora de Goiânia (GO)." Ateliê Geográfico 11, no. 3 (May 30, 2018): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ag.v11i3.43766.
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Resumo:O objetivo principal deste artigo é tratar do processo de formação da Região Noroeste de Goiânia. Para tanto, realizou-se um amplo levantamento bibliográfico acerca das ocupações urbanas na capital goiana e elaborou-se uma periodização sobre a ampliação do espaço urbano a noroeste do centro da cidade. Os resultados obtidos permitiram verificar como uma comunidade deixa de ser um grande bolsão de pobreza para ser considerada uma representação da nova classe trabalhadora de Goiânia. A temática torna-se pertinente, visto que os bairros da Região Noroeste têm origem em sucessivas lutas coletivas pelo solo urbano e passam por um longo processo de mudanças sociais e econômicas. O aumento da renda ganha destaque nos estudos sobre a localidade, em que se debate se há uma nova classe média ou uma nova classe trabalhadora.Palavras-chave: Nova classe trabalhadora. Goiânia. Ocupações urbanas. Abstract:The main purpose of this article is figure out the process of formation in the Northwest Region of Goiania. To achieve this goal it conducted a comprehensive literature about the urban occupations in Goiânia and the development of a timeline on the expansion of urban areas to the northwest of the city center. The results of this research allowed us to understand as a community stops being a large slum to be considered a representation of the new working class of Goiania. The theme becomes relevant in sense that neighborhoods of the Northwest Region originates in successive collective struggle for urban land and go through a long process of social and economic change and how the increase in income is an important factor in studies about this place and being perceived the discussion above new middle class or new working classKeywords: New Workin Class, Goiânia, Urban Occupations. Resumen:El principal objetivo de ese artículo es la comprensión del proceso de formación de la Región Noroeste de Goiânia. Para alcanzar esa meta se ha realizado un amplio levantamiento bibliográfico sobre las ocupaciones urbanas en la capital goiana así como la elaboración de una periodización acerca de la ampliación del espacio urbano al noroeste del centro de la ciudad. Los resultados obtenidos por esta investigación permitieron comprender como una comunidad deja de ser parte de un gran cinturón de pobreza para pasar a ser considerada una representación de la nueva clase trabajadora de Goiânia. La temática se vuelve pertinente puesto que los barrios de la Región Noroeste tienen origen en sucesivas luchas colectivas por el suelo urbano y pasan por un largo proceso de cambios sociales y económicos haciendo con que el incremento de la renta sea un factor relevante en los estudios sobre la localidad, percibiéndose el debate sobre una nueva clase media o nueva clase trabajadora.Palabras clave: Nueva clase trabajadora. Goiânia. Ocupaciones urbanas.
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Pedriali Colnago, Ellen Tamires, and Eliane Silva Santos. "ESPAÇOS DE CONSUMO E LAZER (SHOPPING CENTERS): uma discussão sobre a centralidade urbana e a fragmentação socioespacial." InterEspaço: Revista de Geografia e Interdisciplinaridade 4, no. 14 (October 23, 2018): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2446-6549.v4n14p122-144.
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CONSUMER AND LEISURE SPACES (SHOPPING CENTERS): a discussion on urban centrality and socio-spatial fragmentationESPACIOS DE CONSUMO Y OCIO (SHOPPING CENTERS): una discusión sobre la centralidad urbana y la fragmentación socioespacialEste trabalho apresenta uma discussão teórica a respeito da centralidade urbana e a fragmentação socioespacial, considerando os shopping centers enquanto espaços privilegiados das práticas de consumo e lazer das classes médias e altas moradoras dos residenciais fechados. Para tanto, considera-se a expansão territorial das cidades e com ela a alteração do modelo centro-periferia, marcado por espaços cada vez mais seletos de consumo, possibilitados pelo desdobramento das áreas centrais e do surgimento de novas centralidades nas áreas periféricas das cidades, que se diferenciam e segmentam de acordo com a classe social, promovendo a fragmentação socioespacial. Como forma de entender este processo, discutimos num primeiro momento o conceito de centralidade, posteriormente a passagem do processo de segregação socioespacial ao processo de fragmentação socioespacial e, por fim, entendemos os shopping centers a partir de novas centralidades que estimulam e expressam o processo de fragmentação socioespacial, a partir das práticas espaciais das classes médias e altas que frequentam os shopping centers em busca de conforto, segurança, e possibilidade de permanecer entre os “iguais”.Palavras-chave: Novas Centralidades; Segregação Socioespacial; Fragmentação Socioespacial; Shopping Centers; Práticas Espaciais.ABSTRACTThis paper presents a theoretical discussion about the urban centrality and the social and spatial fragmentation, considering the shopping centers as privileged spaces of the consumption and leisure practices of the middle and upper classes living in closed dwellings. In order to do so, we consider the territorial expansion of cities and with it the change of the center-periphery model, marked by increasingly select spaces of consumption, made possible by the unfolding of the central areas and the emergence of new centralities in the peripheral areas of the cities, which are differentiated and segmented according to social class, promoting socio-spatial fragmentation. As a way of understanding this process, we first discuss the concept of centrality, later the passage from the socio-spatial segregation process to the process of social-spatial fragmentation, and finally, we understand the shopping centers from new centralities that stimulate and express the process of social-spatial fragmentation, based on the space practices of the middle and upper classes that attend shopping centers in search of comfort, security, and the possibility of remaining among the “equals”.Keywords: New Centralities; Socio-spatial Segregation; Socio-spatial Fragmentation; Shopping Centers; Space Practices.RESUMENEste trabajo presenta una discusión teórica acerca de la centralidad urbana y la fragmentación socioespacial, considerando los shopping centers, en cuanto espacios privilegiados de las prácticas de consumo y ocio de las clases medias y altas moradoras de los residenciales cerrados. Para ello, se considera la expansión territorial de las ciudades y con ella la alteración del modelo centro-periferia, marcados por espacios cada vez más selectos de consumo, posibilitados por el desdoblamiento de las áreas centrales y del surgimiento de nuevas centrales en las áreas periféricas de las ciudades, que se diferencian y segmentan de acuerdo con la clase social, promoviendo la fragmentación socioespacial. Como forma de entender este proceso discutimos en un primer momento el concepto de centralidad, posteriormente el paso del proceso de segregación socioespacial al proceso de fragmentación socioespacial y, por fin, entendemos los shopping centers a partir de nuevas centrales que estimulan y expresan el proceso de fragmentación socioespacial, a partir de las prácticas espaciales de las clases medias y altas que frecuentan los shopping centers en busca de confort, seguridad y posibilidad de permanecer entre los “iguales”.Palabras clave: Nuevas Centrales; Segregación Socioespacial; Fragmentación Socioespacial; Centros Comerciales; Prácticas Espaciales.
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Schulte Nordholt, Henk. "New Urban Middle Classes in Colonial Java." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 173, no. 4 (January 1, 2017): 439–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-17304001.
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Hancock, Mary E. "Saintly Careers Among South India's Urban Middle Classes." Man 25, no. 3 (September 1990): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2803716.
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Hoogervorst, Tom, and Henk Schulte Nordholt. "Urban Middle Classes in Colonial Java (1900–1942)." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 173, no. 4 (January 1, 2017): 442–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-17304002.
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Melo, Jairo Baquero. "Middle Classes and Rurality: The Expansion of Urban Middle Classes and New Social Inequalities in Colombia." Journal für Entwicklungspolitik 33, no. 4 (2017): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.20446/jep-2414-3197-33-4-63.
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Shidlo, Gil. "THE HOUSING OF THE URBAN MIDDLE CLASSES IN BRAZIL." International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy 10, no. 7 (July 1990): 29–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb013116.
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Solano de las Aguas, Sergio Paolo. "Los sectores sociales medios en la historia social colombiana del siglo XIX." Memorias 12 (April 29, 2022): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/memor.13.749.2.
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Este artículo estudia las características que definían a los sectores sociales medios en el mundo urbano de la Colombia del siglo XIX. A partir del caso de los artesanos muestra como desde el siglo XVIII el mestizaje desempeñó una función importante en el reordenamiento de la sociedad, en especial en la redistribución de la economía del honor, lo que se reforzó a lo largo de la siguiente centuria. En este proceso el artículo concede especial importancia al papel del trabajo manual en ese reordenamiento, el que al cruzarse con la ciudadanía y la vida política, permitió al artesanado construir elementos de un contradiscurso liberal sobre la sociedad y la nación.
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Ventura, Violeta. "Las clases medias y los desafíos de la participación: procesos de ciudadanización en la producción de ciudad (La Plata, Argentina. 2013-2015)." Hábitat y Sociedad, no. 14 (2021): 223–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/habitatysociedad.2021.i14.12.
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The question about the relationship between associative forms of participation and city production is the guideline of Latin American urban studies, widely studied in its intersection with popular sectors. This article seeks to link to that discussion, providing a case where the population involved belongs to the middle classes. To do this, we will analyze the process by which middle class youth collectively organized (2013-2015) in the city of La Plata (Argentina), to access urban land and, with it, a housing policy (PROCREAR). We will investigate how they built their claim on a public problem, moved within statehood and became co-producers of urban regulations (Ordinance 11094/13). Our main finding will be that the effectiveness of their practices rested, on the one hand, on factors specific to the group —broad and hierarchical networks of social relationships; collectivization of cultural capital; habituality within statehood— on the other, in the selectivity of state bureaucracies. Based on this, we will conclude that during the collective action of the middle classes in order to get involved in the production of the city, there was an active process of citizenship. The research starts from a qualitative methodological approach, using virtual ethnography, field observation and in-depth interviews as the main procedures.
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Light, Julie. "The Middle Classes as Urban Elites in Nineteenth-century South Wales." Welsh History Review / Cylchgrawn Hanes Cymru 24, no. 3 (June 2009): 29–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.16922/whr.24.3.2.
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Oría, Angela, Alejandra Cardini, Stephen Ball, Eleni Stamou, Magda Kolokitha, Sean Vertigan, and Claudia Flores‐Moreno. "Urban education, the middle classes and their dilemmas of school choice." Journal of Education Policy 22, no. 1 (December 13, 2006): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02680930601065791.
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Boterman, Willem R. "Residential Mobility of Urban Middle Classes in the Field of Parenthood." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 44, no. 10 (January 2012): 2397–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a44558.
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Hastings, Annette, Nick Bailey, Glen Bramley, Robert Croudace, and David Watkins. "‘Managing’ the Middle Classes: Urban Managers, Public Services and the Response to Middle-Class Capture." Local Government Studies 40, no. 2 (August 20, 2013): 203–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03003930.2013.815615.
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O’Neill, Bruce. "Segmenting the city: McDonald’s, the Metro, and the mobilization of the middle classes underground." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 52, no. 7 (February 11, 2020): 1313–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x20906169.
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Following Romania’s accession into the European Union (EU) in 2007, a wave of foreign direct investment quickly transformed its capital city, Bucharest, into a global leader in business services. With this new economy came new middle classes whose turn toward auto-mobility materially overwhelmed the city center. To preserve the quality and character of the city, urban planners and bureaucrats proposed to “mobilize” the middle classes underground by incorporating global brands, such as McDonald’s, inside Metro stations. This essay details these ongoing efforts to segment vertically the city above from the city belowground, professional elites from the middle classes, through an analysis of the staged materiality of two McDonald’s restaurants located one beneath the other. How and to what effect, this essay asks, is the urban underground staged to mobilize the middle classes? This is a historical and ethnographic line of inquiry taken from Bucharest that resonates with cities the world over, where the demands of development have pushed cities not just upwards into the sky, and outwards toward the periphery, but also deep underground in ways that vertically segment the experience of urban life.
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Senadza, Bernardin, Babette Never, Sascha Kuhn, and Felix A. Asante. "Profile and Determinants of the Middle Classes in Ghana: Energy Use and Sustainable Consumption." Journal of Sustainable Development 13, no. 6 (October 12, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v13n6p11.
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High and sustained economic growth rates of the Ghanaian economy in the past two to three decades have been accompanied by a growing urban middle class. With a rapidly growing middle class, overall consumption is not only increasing but changing too. This paper analyses the asset ownership patterns among the Ghanaian middle class, and examines the effect of household wealth, environmental concern and environmental knowledge on carbon dioxide emissions emanating from energy use and transport based on urban household survey data collected in Accra, the capital city, in 2018. We find that middle class households consume a variety of energy intensive consumer goods, and the intensity of consumption increases with household wealth. Regression results reveal statistically significant relationship between household wealth and carbon emissions from energy and transport use. We also find that environmental knowledge has a statistically negative effect on carbon emissions from transport. The policy implications are discussed.
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Gómez-Navas, Diana, and Adrián Serna-Dimas. "From Old Colonial Estates to New Modern Suburbs: The Emergence of the First Middle-Class Neighborhoods in Bogotá, Colombia (1925-1945)." Journal of Urban History 43, no. 6 (November 30, 2015): 979–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144215618961.
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In the 1920s and 1930s, three factors contributed to Bogotá’s urban and architectural development: first, the deepening of urban contradictions that gave rise to considerable public concern around health, security, morality, and poverty in the city; second, the organization of meetings on public improvements that inspired the first urban planning processes, such as Bogotá Future; and third, the favorable economic conditions that enabled the development of public works and private projects, such as new residential neighborhoods for middle classes outside of town. We show how the first residential neighborhoods for modern middle classes in the Arzobispo River basin, in the northern part of Bogotá, emerged.
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Trainor, Richard. "Urban elites in Victorian Britain." Urban History 12 (May 1985): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800007458.
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After years of concentration on the working class, social historians of nineteenth-century urban Britain have recently rediscovered the upper and middle classes. Various writers have recognized these groups, and elites within them, as significant subjects in themselves and as major influences in urban society generally.
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Wach, Howard M. "Culture and the Middle Classes: Popular Knowledge in Industrial Manchester." Journal of British Studies 27, no. 4 (October 1988): 375–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/385919.
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God bless my soul, sir … I am all out of patience with the march of mind. Here has my house been nearly burnt down, by my cook taking it into her head to study hydrostatics, in a sixpenny tract, published by the Steam Intellect Society, and written by a learned friend who is for doing all the world's business as well as his own, and is equally well qualified to handle every branch of human knowledge. [Thomas Love Peacock—Crotchet Castle (1831)]The diffusion of knowledge preoccupied middle-class elites in early industrial England. While factory production promised a future of material abundance, an unsettled and menacing social environment threatened this vision of endless progress. Education constituted a cornerstone of the liberal creed embraced by the industrial middle class, and diffusing knowledge offered the hope of raising up the “lower orders” to social responsibility and respectability. A properly arranged distribution of knowledge held out hope for an ordered and orderly social existence.But the diffusion of knowledge meant more than simply uplifting the working class. Its significance extends beyond the problematic historical question of “social control.” An utterly new society was rising in the industrializing urban agglomerations of provincial England. An expanding middle class of businessmen and professionals claimed this world as its own. They pursued political power on both local and national stages and fought for reform in economic and social policy. A strongly felt sense of stewardship prompted the industrial middle class to devote great resources and energies to shaping the new urban environment.
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Martín Pérez, Alberto, and Marta Gutiérrez Sastre. "Work in times of eroded citizenship: the perception of urban middle classes." Anuario IET de Trabajo y Relaciones Laborales 5 (December 19, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5565/rev/aiet.61.
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Yang, Yibo, Xuewen Sheng, Chang Zhai, Zihan Wang, Junjie Wu, and Dan Zhang. "Species Composition and Diversity of Middle-Aged Trees among Different Urban Green Space Types and Tree Age Classes in Changchun, Northeast China." Forests 13, no. 12 (November 25, 2022): 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13121997.
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Middle-aged trees refer to trees aged between 50 and 99 years, which are the reserve resources of old trees (trees ≥ 100 years of age). They are vital parts of the urban ecosystem, with important ecological, landscape, cultural, and historical value. Conservation of middle-aged trees in urban areas is important for the development of large old trees in the future. In this study, we investigated the middle-aged trees in Changchun city and analyzed the species composition and diversity characteristics of different urban green space types and tree age classes. The results showed that there were 72 species and 22,376 plants of middle-aged trees in Changchun city, and the coniferous species prevailed. The top five species with a high importance value (IV) were Pinus tabuliformis var. mukdensis, Lavix olgensis, Salix matsudana, Ulmus pumila, and Abies holophylla. Green space type and tree age were important factors influencing the richness and diversity of middle-aged trees. Tree growth spaces were relatively sufficient, and land use was stable for park green spaces (PGS) and attached green spaces (AGS), which resulted in the abundant, richer, and diverse species richness (SR) of middle-aged trees. Road green spaces (RGS) and square green spaces (SGS) had fewer trees and lower species richness, Margalef richness index (dMa), Shannon–Wiener index (He) and evenness index (Je) which could be attributed to the high intensity of human interference and poor environmental quality. The SR of middle-aged trees decreased with an increase in age class, and the values of SR in Age Class 80–89 years and Age Class 90–99 years were lower than in Age Class 50–59 years. Age Class 70–79 years had the lowest values of dMa, He, and Je, which need to be protected urgently. The results of this study can provide a basis for the conservation and management of middle-aged trees in urban areas and the choice of species for urban greening.
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del Castillo, Mirtha Lorena, and Christien Klaufus. "Rent-seeking middle classes and the short-term rental business in inner-city Lima." Urban Studies 57, no. 12 (November 21, 2019): 2547–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019881351.
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Between 2007 and 2017, Lima experienced an unprecedented growth of the construction sector and an increase in high-rise condominiums. Urban land as a strategic resource has altered the spatial configuration of Lima’s central districts. This paper presents the results of a case study of Barranco, a central and emblematic district of Lima that underwent an intense real estate boom. In our assessment, we connect the recent touristification and gentrification debates to develop a new pattern of Latin American gentrification. We argue that Barranco’s consolidation as a tourist destination, along with the relaxation of local construction policies, has led to the development of one-bedroom apartments in high-rise condominiums destined mainly to be rented out to tourists and other types of floating population. This urban restructuring model has created new business opportunities for what we call a rent-seeking middle class, keen to invest in real estate as an alternative means to increase their income. By way of discussion, we argue that the case of Barranco exemplifies a new trend in Latin American gentrification which is not characterised by an influx of the urban middle class into central areas, nor by a massive physical displacement of lower-income residents, but by the growing purchasing power of a wealthier middle-class group investing in the short-term rental business in combination with other enabling factors.
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Nogueira, Mara. "Preserving the (right kind of) city: The urban politics of the middle classes in Belo Horizonte, Brazil." Urban Studies 57, no. 10 (October 17, 2019): 2163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019872167.
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Since re-democratisation, Brazil has experienced a slow but continuous process of urban reform, with the introduction of legal and institutional developments that favour participatory democracy in urban policy. Legal innovations such as the City Statute have been celebrated for expanding the ‘right to the city’ to marginalised populations. While most studies examine the struggles of the urban poor, I focus on middle-class citizens, showing how such legal developments have unevenly affected the ways in which different social groups are able to impact the production of urban space. The two cases explored in this study concern residents’ struggles to preserve their middle-class neighbourhoods against change triggered by projects related to the hosting of the 2014 World Cup in Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The first looks at the Musas Street residents’ fight against the construction of a luxury hotel in their neighbourhood, while the second examines the Pampulha residents’ struggle against the presence of street vendors and football fans in their streets. My findings show that through the articulation of legal discourses, middle-class claims on the need for preserving the environment and the city’s cultural heritage are legitimised by the actions of the local state. The article thus looks beyond neoliberalism, showing that socio-spatial segregation and inequality should not be regarded solely as the product of state–capital alliances for engendering capital accumulation through spatial restructuring, but also as the result of the uneven capacities of those living in the city to access the state resources and legitimise certain forms of inhabitance of urban space.
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SHINNER, P. J. "Pocket borough to county borough: power relations, elites and politics in nineteenth-century Grimsby." Urban History 34, no. 3 (December 2007): 481–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926807004968.
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ABSTRACTThis article considers the relationship between landed culture and the emergent middle classes in a rapidly expanding urban context substantially removed from the more familiar examples. The port of Grimsby expanded rapidly in the second half of the nineteenth century, displaying many facets in common with other industrial centres and boasting a substantial middle-class presence from a relatively early stage. At the same time the extent to which Grimsby's middle classes assumed a leading role in the town's development is questionable and subject to qualification.
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Butler, Tim. "The new urban intermediaries? The new middle classes and the remaking of London." Journal des anthropologues, no. 77-78 (June 1, 1999): 83–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/jda.3065.
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NENADIC, STANA. "Businessmen, the urban middle classes, and the ‘dominance’of manufacturers in nineteenth-centuy Britain." Economic History Review 44, no. 1 (February 1991): 66–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0289.1991.tb01265.x.
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Fuentes, Luis, and Oscar Mac-Clure. "The middle classes and the subjective representation of urban space in Santiago de Chile." Urban Studies 57, no. 13 (November 19, 2019): 2612–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019881350.
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This article examines how symbolic representations of social-spatial differences help to maintain social stratification within Santiago de Chile. Several focus group discussions illuminated the approaches and resources used by the middle classes to build the boundaries that define them within the city. The way in which the middle class understands and describes the city of Santiago confirms that social position is linked to symbolic elements that are associated with occupied spaces within the city. Our analysis shows those elements that confer a particular identity upon a given territory and delimit spatial frontiers between territories.
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Hasyim, Wakhid, Ahmad Syafii, and Arifah Fauziah. "URBAN SUFISM: SPIRITULITY EDUCATION FOR MIDDLE CLASS MUSLIM." FORUM PAEDAGOGIK 13, no. 2 (January 1, 2023): 262–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24952/paedagogik.v13i2.6466.
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The development of civilization does not mean ending the need for spirituality. The development of technology and the increasingly independent human life does not mean that the presence of God is not a necessity. Even amidst the increasingly glamorous millennial life, the need for spirituality is increasing. Islamic pop culture is followed by a religious spirit that is increasingly becoming the keyword and nowadays the need for spirituality is even more visible. In the midst of the aridity of worldly life, Sufism is an alternative answer by some classes of Muslim society. This research tries to explore how the development of urban Sufism is currently developing in our society. This type of research is literary research (library). Primary and secondary data sources are used as data. The results of the study show that the identity of middle-class Muslims in urban areas is experiencing a new chapter in the world of Sufism. Precisely after the New Order, along with the flow of globalization that gave birth to modernism, the urban middle-class Muslim Sufism movement appeared as the antithesis of the previously established conventional tarekat movement.
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Barbosa Santos da Silva, Mateus, and Angelo Serpa. "Perfil e caracterização de um bairro popular empreendedor em Feira de Santana: análise socioespacial dos processos de complexificação de centralidades de comércio e serviços." Ateliê Geográfico 10, no. 2 (September 13, 2016): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/ag.v10i2.39630.
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ResumoO objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender e analisar os processos de complexificação de centralidades de comércio e serviços, por meio dos campos da produção e do consumo - inclusive cultural - em um bairro popular de Feira de Santana. Para tanto, foram articulados os métodos dialético e fenomenológico. Como procedimentos metodológicos realizou-se uma revisão bibliográfica, uma pesquisa documental e pesquisas diretas em campo: aplicação de questionários junto aos usuários de comércios e serviços e aos empreendedores no bairro do Tomba (quantitativa); realização de entrevistas com os empreendedores (qualitativa). Os resultados estão estruturados em quatro etapas: uma discussão sobre o conceito de classe média no Brasil, o processo histórico de formação do Tomba e sua consolidação como centralidade na cidade, uma discussão sobre consumidores e outra sobre empreendedores no bairro. As principais conclusões apontam que o comércio e os serviços neste bairro exercem uma grande atratividade local, tornando-se indispensáveis aos seus moradores devido a sua amplitude, à gama de comércio e serviços ofertados, à facilidade de acesso e aos preços acessíveis.Palavras-chave: Empreendedorismo Popular; Ascensão Social; Análise Urbano-Regional; Bairro Popular; Feira de Santana. AbstractThe main goal of this research was to understand and analyze the processes of complexification of the centralities in retailand services, through the fields of production and consumption - including cultural production - in a popular neighborhood in Feira de Santana, state of Bahia, Brazil. The main methodological procedures were a literature review and fieldwork, in which we pursued to accomplish a quantitative stage and a qualitative stage. On the first moment we applied questionnaires to consumers and to entrepreneurs in the neighborhood of Tomba, the second part consisted of interviewing entrepreneurs who were also respondents of the questionnaire. This article is structured in four topics: discussion of the concept of middle-class in Brazil; Tomba’s neighborhood historical process of establishment and its consolidation as a centrality in Feira de Santana; a discussion on the profile of the consumers; and a reflection on the profile of the entrepreneurs. The main results show that retailand services in Tomba perform a major local attraction, due to its variety, range, low prices and scope.Keywords: Popular Entrepreneurship; Upward Social Mobility; Analysis Urban-Regional; Neighborhoods; Feira de Santana. ResumenEl principal objetivo de esta investigación es comprender y analizar los procesos de complejización de la centralización de comercio y servicios, a través de los campos de producción y de consumo – incluyendo la cultura – en un barrio popular en Feira de Santana, estado de Bahia, Brasil. Los principales procedimientos metodológicos fueron la revisión bibliográfica y el trabajo de campo, en el que buscamos lograr una etapa cuantitativa y una etapa cualitativa. Al principio se realizaron cuestionarios a los consumidores y emprendedores y posteriormente, se entrevistaron los emprendedores del barrio de Tomba. Este artículo se estructura en cuatro tópicos: discusión sobre el concepto de clase media en Brasil; el proceso histórico de formación del barrio de Tomba en Feira de Santana y la consolidación de su rol central en la ciudad; una discusión del perfil de los consumidores y otra sobre los emprendedores. Los principales resultados muestran que el comercio y los servicios en Tomba ejercen un gran atractivo local, debido a su variedad, facilidad de acceso y precios bajos.Palavras clave: Emprendimiento Popular; Ascenso Social; Análisis Urbano Regional; Barrios Populares; Feira de Santana.
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Patel, Sujata. "Rethinking Urban Studies Today." Sociological Bulletin 67, no. 1 (February 13, 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038022917751974.
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The article engages with the literature that has emerged since the 1990s in urban studies in India and in this context, discusses the nature of India’s urban modernity. It suggests that scholars in India participate and engage with the global discussion on urban studies by removing themselves from the epistemic confusions of colonial episteme and of methodological nationalism that has bound sociology in India. It suggests that contemporary processes of capitalism have enveloped the entire territory of the country into an urban space with the mobile upper classes termed ‘middle classes’ and the state policies linking unevenly the so-called rural and urban areas through new forms of capitalist accumulation. These organise specific patterns of spatial inequalities and exclusions and in turn fuel contradictory processes of politics relating to gender, caste, ethnicity and religiosities. The focus of the urban studies should be to analyse the way the global intersects with regions and localities as these are being spatially constituted in the context of uneven urbanisation.
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Capron, Guénola. "Planeación urbana y comercio en la periferia de clases medias altas. Los emprendimientos comerciales en una metrópoli del sur (Río de Janeiro)." Revista Trace, no. 51 (July 10, 2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.51.2007.408.
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El presente artículo pretende analizar el papel jugado por los emprendimientos comerciales de tipo shopping centers en la planeación urbana así como el modus operandi de la intervención sobre el espacio de actores sociales (desarrolladores, habitantes, municipio) involucrados en la producción de las “nuevas” periferias de clases medias altas. Trataremos en particular del caso de plazas comerciales cuyas formas arquitectónicas se jactan de “buena” calidad urbana y respeto al medio ambiente. Lejos de ser una ausencia de reglamentos o un retiro del gobierno de la planeación y gestión de las periferias, el laissez-faire es una modalidad particular de intervención de los poderes públicos en ciertos espacios, cuando éstos buscan imponerse y mostrarse en otros, en particular en el centro metropolitano. El comercio establecido de buen nivel socioeconómico es un buen instrumento de visibilización de los actores sociales en diferentes territorios. El artículo se apoya en el estudio de caso de un shopping center en Barra da Tijuca en Río de Janeiro donde los juegos de actores a nivel local reflejan la actuación a otras escalas (subregional y urbana) ya que se insertan dentro de un corpus normativo, reglamentario y discursivo municipal.Abstract: This paper tries to assess the role played by mall development on urban space, as well as in the production of “new” suburbia for the upper-middle classes. The analysis will particularly focus on malls whose architectural design allegedly offers good urban quality and respect for environmental concerns. The laissez-faire attitude, far from being a lack of regulation or a mere roll-out of the public authorities from the management and planning of the peripheries, appears to be a specific way of intervening in certain spaces. In other spaces, such as downtown areas, public authorities wish on the contrary to be visible. Luxury commerce appears as a good tool for social stakeholders to gain visibility in different territories. The paper’s empirical dimension is informed by the case study of a mall located in Barra da Tijuca in Rio de Janeiro, where the local choreography of power between the various stakeholders tends to reflect the one that takes place at other scales (zonal and urban), since they are embedded in a municipal corpus of norms, regulations and discourses.Résumé: Cet article cherche à analyser le rôle joué par les opérations du type «centre commercial» dans l’aménagement urbain ainsi que dans le modus operandi de l’intervention sur l’espace des acteurs sociaux (promoteurs, résidents, municipalités) impliqués dans la production de « nouvelles » périphéries de classes moyennes supérieures. Est abordé en particulier le cas des centres commerciaux dont les formes architecturales prétendent offrir une « bonne » qualité urbaine et un certain respect de l’environnement. Le laissez-faire, loin de correspondre à une absence de règlements ou à un retrait des pouvoirs publics de l’aménagement et de la gestion des périphéries, est une modalité particulière d’intervention dans certains espaces. Dans d’autres, comme les centres-villes métropolitains, les pouvoirs publics cherchent au contraire à s’afficher. Le commerce établi de standing est en effet un bon instrument de visibilisation des acteurs sociaux dans différents types de territoires. L’article s’appuie sur l’étude de cas d’un centre commercial à Barra da Tijuca à Rio de Janeiro, où les jeux d’acteurs à l’échelle locale tendent à refléter ceux qui se déroulent à d’autres échelles (zonale et urbaine), puisqu’ils s’insèrent dans un corpus normatif, réglementaire et discursif municipal.
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FERRETTO, DIEGO. "Produção imobiliária e reestruturação intraurbana em Passo Fundo - RS." GOT - Journal of Geography and Spatial Planning, no. 21 (June 30, 2021): 263–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17127/got/2021.21.011.
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This article aims to discuss the spread of horizontal condominiums and planned neighborhoods in the city of Passo Fundo - RS, in the decade of 2010. It is assumed that the new real estate products redefine the processes of socio-spatial segregation, showing the dispersion of the classes of middle and high income for peripheral areas, traditionally occupied by the low-income population. The reframing of the periphery denotes the complexification of the intra-urban socio-spatial structure, indicating the emergence of new patterns of socio-spatial segregation, superimposed on the traditional center-periphery model, constituted in the 20th century. In this context, it is argued that it is possible to recognize ongoing common processes, characterized by significant disruptions with the previous logic of production of intra-urban space.
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Nenadic, Stana. "Businessmen, the Urban Middle Classes, and the 'Dominance' of Manufacturers in Nineteenth-Century Britain." Economic History Review 44, no. 1 (February 1991): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2597485.
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Atkinson, Rowland. "Book review: Globalised Minds, Roots in the City: Urban Upper-middle Classes in Europe." Urban Studies 53, no. 6 (January 28, 2016): 1336–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098015626887.
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Bodenschatz, Harald. "Public Housing in Fascist Rome: A European Perspective." Joelho Revista de Cultura Arquitectonica, no. 8 (December 26, 2017): 96–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/1647-8681_8_6.
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This article discusses the role of housing in the political agenda of dictatorial regimes in the interwar period, in particular in the agenda of Italian Fascism. It brings about the factors that contributed to make public housing a key component in securing the support of the middle classes in the creation of social consensus necessary for the preservation of Mussolini’s dictatorial regime. The maps advances a typological mapping of housing complexes for Mussolini’s Rome, which illustrates a policy based on the urbanization of the middle classes, and the de-urbanization of the urban poor.
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Jones, P. "Perspective, sources and methodology in a comparative study of the middle class in nineteenth-century Leicester and Peterborough." Urban History 14 (May 1987): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963926800008531.
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Social history, and urban history in particular, has become increasingly concerned, in recent years, with studying the middle class. Historians have progressed from a concern with the ‘success’ or ‘rise’ of the middle classes, to a study themper seboth in quantitative and qualitative terms: questions concerning their wealth, consumption patterns, residential preferences, representation within the political leadership as well as their beliefs, values and role in attention. Urban historians have a particular interest in the study of the local middle class, in a way that takes into account the finer detail of different kinds of urban environment and the complexities of the urban experience. Since much of urban history has been at pains to discover the variety of patterns in urban development and urban society, it is not surprising that recent specialized studies of individual towns and cities have revealed a great variety in the bases of class relations. Indeed, the traditional Marxist notion of a single national class interest is now open to qualification. The disparity between London and the provinces in respect of class interests has long been recognized. An extension of the proposition inherent in that disparity will contend here that there were different types of middle class located in different types of urban environment. Such a proposition is not in itself pathfinding or particularly new. There are problems, however, in deciding in what ways such a differentiated pattern can be drawn out, examined and presented in coherent form.
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Mercer, Claire, and Charlotte Lemanski. "The lived experiences of the African middle classes Introduction." Africa 90, no. 3 (May 2020): 429–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972020000017.
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What are the experiences of the African middle classes, and what do their experiences tell us about social change on the continent? While there have been ample attempts to demarcate the parameters of this social group, the necessary work of tracing the social life and social relations of the middle classes is just beginning. The articles in this special issue provide compelling accounts of the ways in which the middle classes are as much made through their social relations and social practices as they are (if indeed they are) identifiable through aggregate snapshots of income, consumption habits and voting behaviours. Rachel Spronk (2018: 316) has argued that ‘the middle class is not a clear object in the sense of an existing group that can be clearly delineated; rather, it is a classification-in-the-making’. We agree, and our aim in bringing these contributions together in this special issue is to develop our understanding of how this process is emerging in different contexts across Africa. In her opening contribution, Carola Lentz suggests that we need more research on ‘the social dynamics of “doing being middle-class”’, or what we term here ‘middle-classness’, which attends to this ‘classification-in-the-making’ through urban–rural changes over intergenerational life courses, multi-class households, kinship and social relations. Such an agenda has recently been opened up by two edited volumes on the African middle classes (Melber 2016; Kroeker et al. 2018). We further develop this agenda here through a series of empirically rich articles by scholars in African studies, anthropology, literature and sociology that explicitly address the question of the lived experiences of the middle classes. Echoing Spronk's unease with taking ‘the middle class’ as an already constituted social group, what emerges across the articles is rather the unstable, tenuous and context-specific nature of middle-class prosperity in contemporary Africa. Social positions shift – or are questioned – as one moves from the suburb to the township (Ndlovu on South Africa) or into state-subsidized high-rise apartments (Gastrow on Angola). Stability gives way over time to precarity (Southall on Zimbabwe). Wealth is not tied to the individual but circulates more widely through social relations. Should one invest in the nuclear or the extended family (Hull on South Africa; Spronk on Ghana)? In a house or a car (Durham on Botswana)? And why does it matter – for the individual, the household, the family, the city, the nation and the continent? To grasp what it means to be middle-class in Africa today necessarily requires an understanding of the historical, social and spatial embeddedness of lived experiences at multiple scales.
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Gastrow, Claudia. "Housing middle-classness: formality and the making of distinction in Luanda." Africa 90, no. 3 (May 2020): 509–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001972020000054.
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AbstractAs one of the primary personal sites of financial investment, expression and public performance, housing has stood at the centre of contemporary studies of class in Africa. This article adds to the existing literature on housing and class by exploring residents’ desires for formal housing in post-conflict Luanda, Angola. Luanda's residents increasingly believed that access to formal housing, not necessarily always legally but rather aesthetically defined, was a primary means of affirming middle-class status. By highlighting the links between class, urban formality and the state, the article argues that formal housing became a means for both the state and Luandans to produce middle-classness. Existing beliefs about comportment and urban aesthetics, which anchored subjective understandings of class in the house, intersected with a political economy in which the state played a central role in enabling access to new residences. As such, formality has become a key means through which middle-classness is transforming urban landscapes, opening up discussions about aesthetic belonging, financial stability and the role of the state in the making of Africa's middle classes.
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ΡΑΠΤΗΣ, ΚΩΣΤΑΣ. "ΑΣΤΙΚΕΣ ΤΑΞΕΙΣ ΚΑΙ ΑΣΤΙΚΟΤΗΤΑ ΣΤΗΝ ΕΥΡΩΠΗ, 1789-1914: ΠΡΟΣΑΝΑΤΟΛΙΣΜΟΙ ΤΗΣ ΣΥΓΧΡΟΝΗΣ ΙΣΤΟΡΙΟΓΡΑΦΙΑΣ." Μνήμων 20 (January 1, 1998): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mnimon.675.
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<p>Kostas Raptis, Middle classes and middle class culture in Europe, 1789-1914: approaches in modern historiography</p><p>The history of the european middle classes from the late 18th to theearly 20th century is a very wide topic and relates to economic, social,political, gender and culture history. This essay gives a brief overviewof the main subjects regarding it. It draws mainly on (pioneer) germanspeaking,but also on english and french literature. Following the currentdebate, it points to the different social and economic groups making upthe so called ((Bürgertum», to their common characteristics, as well astheir specific culture, the ((Bürgerlichkeit)).More specifically this paper is concerned with the followin subjects:— the composition of the «Bürgertum» and the features of its maingroups (professionals, bourgeois of money and bourgeois of knowledge)— the relevant terminology in german, french and english language— the comparison between upper middle class and nobility— the social position and role of the lowermiddle classes— the relation of the bourgeoisie to liberalism and nationalism— the study of the history of the middle classes in the specific contextof a town or a city (as an urban phenomenon)— the position and role of middle class women in a bourgeois society— the middle class family— the bourgeois way of life and culture in general</p>
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Zanfi, Federico, and Gaia Caramellino. "Costruire la cittŕ dei ceti medi." TERRITORIO, no. 64 (February 2013): 61–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2013-064010.
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This section reports the first results of a research project which examines residential architecture built for the middle classes from the 1950s until the 1970s in the cities of Turin, Milan and Rome. These essays - which focus mainly on Milan and Turin - dwell on various aspects of the phenomenon which include the following: the relationship between urban planning and the contraction of middle class cities, the role of private sector operators; the involvement of the public sector through forms of housing that are subsidised with concessions by government; the role of property developers; the issue of the ‘translation' of high-end and standard international architectural models towards a broader market connected with consumer models and tastes expressed by the growing middle classes.
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COHEN, DEBORAH. "BUYING AND BECOMING: NEW WORK ON THE BRITISH MIDDLE CLASSES Gender, civic culture and consumerism: middle-class identity in Britain, 1800–1940. Edited by Alan Kidd and David Nicholls. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1999. Pp. xi+223. ISBN 0-7190-5675-4. £14.99. The Victorian parlour: a cultural study. By Thad Logan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001. Pp. xvii+282. ISBN 0-521-631182-3. £40.00. Shopping for pleasure: women in the making of London's West End. By Erika D. Rappaport. Bognor Regis, UK: J. Wiley for Princeton UP, 2001. Pp. xiii+323. ISBN 0-691-04476-7. £13.95." Historical Journal 46, no. 4 (December 2003): 999–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x03003418.
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The history of consumption in nineteenth-century Britain has largely been told as the story of the middle classes. Increasingly, as the three books under review demonstrate, the reverse is also true. The middle classes, they argue, derived their identities in significant measure from their consumerist habits rather than their relation to the means of production or the body politic. That was, as one might imagine, especially the case with women. What they bought, how they shopped, where they lived: these things came to define who a person was. How dramatically the literature on the Victorian middle classes has changed is apparent even from this brief description. Most obviously, the research focus has shifted from structures to identities. The old subjects – the professions, the movements (free trade, the franchise, anti-slavery), evangelical religion – are hardly anywhere to be seen in these volumes. Instead, they take up topics more often associated with French history: urban culture, shopping, interior decoration. With this shift in subjects has also come, either implicitly or explicitly, a sense that the defining characteristics of the British middle classes must be sought in the realm of culture, not politics or production.
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Albert, Fruzsina, Beáta Dávid, Zoltán Kmetty, Luca Kristóf, Péter Róbert, and Andrea Szabó. "Mapping the Post-communist Class Structure: Findings from a New Multidimensional Hungarian Class Survey." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 32, no. 3 (December 11, 2017): 544–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325417739954.
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In this article, we define a schema for the class structure of Hungary, in which we consider a case for an Eastern-European capitalist system emerging from post-communist societies. Our schema is based on the findings of the Hungarian Class Survey, 2014. Using six measures of Bourdieusian economic, cultural, and social capital and applying the methodology of latent class analysis (LCA), we have constructed a model of eight LCA-based classes: upper class, cultural middle class, affluent middle class, young urban consumers, network-embedded rural workers, young drifters, middle-aged deprived, and the precariat. Hungarian society seems to be quite hierarchical but is also fragmented within the upper and lower strata. Status inconsistency in terms of possessing economic, cultural, and social capital is strongly present even for the middle classes. There is a clear divide in our class model between the upper four and the lower four classes, in terms of vertical and nonvertical aspects of social stratification. We also compare our new multidimensional class typology to the traditional occupation-based one and demonstrate its added value for class analysis in Hungary.
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Hanhörster, Heike, Isabel Ramos Lobato, and Sabine Weck. "People, Place, and Politics: Local Factors Shaping Middle‐Class Practices in Mixed‐Class German Neighbourhoods." Social Inclusion 9, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/si.v9i4.4478.
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This article takes a nuanced look at the role played by neighbourhood characteristics and local policies in facilitating or limiting the ways in which diversity‐oriented middle‐class families interact and deal with people of lower social classes in mixed‐class inner‐city neighbourhoods. The study draws on interviews and social network analysis conducted in neighbourhoods with different socio‐economic characteristics in the German cities of Hanover and Dusseldorf. A comparative view allows us to analyse how neighbourhood characteristics and local policies influence middle‐classes’ interactions across social boundaries. Our aim is to contribute to ongoing debates on urban policy options: In discussing the conditions encouraging cross‐boundary interactions of specific middle‐class fractions, we argue that the scope of local‐level action is not fully recognized in either policy or academic debates.
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Hayes, Matthew. "The coloniality of UNESCO’s heritage urban landscapes: Heritage process and transnational gentrification in Cuenca, Ecuador." Urban Studies 57, no. 15 (January 9, 2020): 3060–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098019888441.
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The article analyses heritage conservation and urban upgrading in Cuenca, Ecuador, in order to reflect on global inequality and rights to the city at the crossroads of transnational lifestyle mobilities and the globalisation of real estate markets. Processes of gentrification in Cuenca reproduce colonial social relations and marginalise the popular economic activities of informal vendors. Under the auspices of UNESCO World Heritage designation, the Inter-American Development Bank and successive municipal governments have sought to increase property values in the historic El Centro neighbourhood. Rather than relying on a local middle-class return to the city, heritage urban upgrading in Cuenca is dependent on higher-income global middle classes attracted to the city’s historic urbanism. The subsequent higher-income appropriation of urban improvements takes the form of dispossession of use and exchange values of lower-income groups, especially of informal vendors.
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Rao, C. Srinivasa. "THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF DROUGHT AND THE MARGINALISATION OF THE POOR." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 10, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v10.i9.2022.4738.
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The general theme of this paper is that drought, though an agro-climatic phenomenon, has phenomenon has far reaching socio-economic consequences. The adverse impact of drought on the poorer sections is devastating, while the richer classes may actually benefit from it. There actually may emerge a emerge, a new middle class consisting of the middle peasantry, rich families and traders in the countryside and a section engaged in urban based trading, industrial and services sector.
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Devine, Fiona, Nadia Joanne Britton, Rosemary Mellor, and Peter Halfpenny. "Mobility and the middle classes: a case study of Manchester and the North West." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 27, no. 3 (September 2003): 495–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00463.
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Butler, Tim. "Thinking Global but Acting Local: The Middle Classes in the City." Sociological Research Online 7, no. 3 (August 2002): 50–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.740.
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The paper advances the notion that there is ‘metropolitan habitus’ in large global cities such as London which distinguishes it from other conurbations in the United Kingdom. At the same time, it is argued that whilst London is becoming an increasingly middle-class city, this group is increasingly stratified along socio-spatial lines. Richard Sennett's work The Corrosion of Character is drawn upon to suggest that, to some extent, different gentrification strategies enable the metropolitan middle classes to compensate for the lack of a long term in contemporary middle-class life. Drawing on fieldwork, recently conducted in five gentrified areas of inner London north and south of the Thames, it is suggested that an important aspect of the socio spatial differentiation within the metropolitan middle class is whether it seeks to embrace or escape the contemporary globalization of consumer culture. Although this process is highly nuanced by individual strategies for negotiating the boundaries between the global and the local, which are exemplified by the distinction between residential areas and the centre of London, it is nevertheless suggested that these socio-spatial divisions account for variations within the metropolitan habitus to a greater extent than socio- demographic and occupational divisions which are only weakly associated with the global/non-global dichotomisation. The paper uses both quantitative and qualitative data to look at the different ways in which cultural, economic and social capital are drawn on in the gentrification of each area and how these reflect not only the capabilities but also the proclivities of the different groups concerned. It is suggested that metropolitan habitus is a concept that needs further analysis and research but which has considerable potential explanatory value in accounting for differences between the middle classes in London and other provincial cities and non urban areas.
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Selling, Sarah Kate. "Making Mathematical Practices Explicit in Urban Middle and High School Mathematics Classrooms." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 47, no. 5 (November 2016): 505–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.47.5.0505.
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To learn mathematical practices, students need opportunities to engage in them. But simply providing such opportunities may not be sufficient to support all students. Simultaneously, explicitly teaching mathematical practices could be problematic if instruction becomes prescriptive. This study investigated how teachers might make mathematical practices explicit in classroom discourse. Analyses of 26 discussions from 3 mathematics classes revealed that teachers made mathematical practices explicit primarily after students had participated in them. I present a framework of 8 types of teacher moves that made mathematical practices explicit and argue that they did so without turning practices into prescriptions or reducing students' opportunities to engage in them. This suggests a need to expand conceptions of explicitness to promote access to mathematical practices.
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De Pieri, Filippo. "La legge 167 e i ceti medi." TERRITORIO, no. 64 (February 2013): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2013-064012.
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The 1962 Law n. 167 played an important role in favouring the construction of residential buildings for middle classes in various Italian cities. Often associated with the construction of large social housing complexes, Law n. 167 also included support for large sectors of the middle classes to achieve home ownership among its objectives, following on from post-war ‘economical' housing policies. It was in fact the more ambitious interpretations of Law No. 167 in the 1960s and 1970s in Italy (those which saw it as the first step towards a structural reform of the 1942 law), which pushed for the inclusion of substantial quotas of construction for middle classes in zoning plans. Results in this period differed according to the local context and left behind them a varied building and social landscape, which still awaits a full assessment.
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Gelézeau, Valérie. "Changing Socio-Economic Environments, Housing Culture and New Urban Segregation in Seoul." European Journal of East Asian Studies 7, no. 2 (2008): 295–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156805808x372458.
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AbstractThe paper focuses on the recent transformation of the urban housing culture in South Korea through a geographical analysis of Seoulite apartment complexes (ap'at'ŭu tanji). The paper first analyses the changes in housing policy and the housing production system since the late 1970s, which have long been oriented mainly towards the middle and upper-middle classes. Not only have the lower-income classes been excluded from this new apartment culture, it also seems that the housing situation testifies to the partial failure of the so-called filtering process (in which the benefits of development are purported to spread through society from top to bottom). The paper then analyses the post-Asian crisis transformation of the housing environment in the city, where housing redevelopment projects are concentrated in highly speculative areas (Kangnam) and new forms of luxury condominium apartments (such as the Acroville complex) are appearing. At the same time, older apartment complexes are faced with more and more maintenance problems as well as with the constant pressure to reduce management fees. As in many world metropolises, emerging 'gated communities' and increasing social spatial segregations seem to characterise the housing culture and geography of Seoul today.