Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Urban middle classe'
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1
Sánchez, Romera Alfonso. "The middle class in contemporary urban china: construction, practices and representations." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Traducció i Estudis Interculturals, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671319.
Full textAbstract:
Aquesta investigació té com a objectiu analitzar el fenomen social de la classe mitjana xinesa, posant atenció especial en la construcció social de la identitat mitjançant l’anàlisi de les pràctiques i representacions socials a la Xina urbana contemporània. L’estudi consisteix en l’anàlisi d’entrevistes semiestructurades mantingudes a Beijing entre l’any 2017 i l’any 2018, del discurs oficial de la classe mitjana xinesa a partir de les esmenes a la Constitució de la República Popular de la Xina (RPX) i dels textos i discursos dels líders de l’Estat-partit i, finalment, del contingut dels articles sobre classe mitjana publicats a Renmin wang (People’s Daily online) —el portaveu del Comitè Central del Partit Comunista Xinès— des de principis del segle XXI. Per això, l’etnografia no es centra únicament en proporcionar un exemple categòric de la construcció d’una identitat de classe mitjana a Beijing, sinó que també explora el camp social de la Xina urbana contemporània com a espai multidimensional de mobilitat social, de noves pràctiques i representacions socials —és a dir, de nous estils de vida. Tot i que s’ha emprat un esquema conceptual associat a l’obra de Pierre Bourdieu, alguns resultats obtinguts qüestionen la seva conceptualització de “classe real” i la seva formulació sobre les condicions homogènies d’existència de classe i la seva capacitat de generar pràctiques socials similars. El model de Bourdieu permet descobrir una sèrie de característiques definidores que indiquen que la formació dels grups de classes mitjanes a la RPX constitueix principalment un fenomen de reproducció social en comptes d’un procés de formació de classe. D’altra banda, el resultat d’aquesta recerca determina de quina manera la tesi de la “cleavage society” o l’anomenada cristal·lització de classes rau principalment en el consum —és a dir, el capital econòmic—, i no tant en una identitat ‘de classe’ reconeixedora o ‘classe real’. La migració interna a la RPX és una forma de consum d’un determinat estil de vida, una pràctica suzhi (‘de qualitat’) i una manera de construir-se com a subjecte de classe mitjana, civilitzat i modern. Tanmateix, a la Xina urbana es construeix progressivament una identitat de classe mitjana no només amb pràctiques de consum, sinó també amb l’experiència de participar en noves activitats al barri basada en principis oberts, públics i solidaris, i també en accions col·lectives contra la vulneració dels seus drets com a propietaris. Així doncs, aquesta investigació mostra la validesa i la configuració del concepte de classe —juntament amb els de racialització, gènere i sexualitat— per a produir una representació precisa de la institucionalització, legitimació i reproducció tant de la desigualtat com del privilegi a les societats contemporànies.Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar el fenómeno de la clase media china, poniendo especial énfasis en la construcción social de la identidad mediante el análisis de las prácticas y representaciones sociales en China urbana contemporánea. Se utiliza una metodología mixta que incluye el análisis de entrevistas semiestructuradas llevadas a cabo en Beijing entre 2017 y 2018, el discurso oficial de la clase media china a través de las enmiendas a la Constitución de la República Popular de China (RPC) y de textos y discursos de los líderes del Estado-partido y, finalmente, del contenido de los artículos sobre clase media publicados en Renmin wang (Diario del Pueblo en Línea) —portavoz oficial del Comité Central del Partido Comunista Chino— desde principios del siglo XXI. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio no es brindar únicamente un ejemplo categórico de la construcción social de la identidad en la clase media, sino explorar también el campo social de China urbana contemporánea como espacio multidimensional de movilidad social, de nuevas prácticas y representaciones sociales —es decir, de nuevos estilos de vida. Aunque estas observaciones parten del esquema conceptual propuesto por Pierre Bourdieu, los resultados obtenidos cuestionan su conceptualización de la ’clase real’ y su formulación respecto a las condiciones homogéneas de existencia de las clases y su capacidad generadora de prácticas sociales similares. El modelo de Bourdieu permite descubrir una serie de características definidoras que indican que la formación de los grupos de clases medias en la RPC constituye principalmente un fenómeno de reproducción social en lugar de un proceso de formación de clase. Por otra parte, el resultado de esta investigación determina de qué manera la tesis de la ‘cleavage society’ o cristalización de clases se fundamenta principalmente en el consumo —es decir, el capital económico—, y no tanto en una identidad de ‘clase’ reconocible o ‘clase real’. La migración interna en la RPC es una forma de consumo de un determinado estilo de vida, una práctica suzhi (‘de calidad’) y una manera de construirse como sujeto de clase media, civilizado y moderno. Además, en las ciudades chinas se construye progresivamente una identidad de clase media no solo con prácticas de consumo, sino también con la experiencia de participar en nuevas actividades vecinales basadas en principios abiertos, públicos y solidarios, y en acciones colectivas contra la vulneración de sus derechos como propietarios. Así, esta investigación muestra la validez y la configuración del concepto de clase —junto a los de etnicidad, género y sexualidad— para producir una representación precisa de la institucionalización, legitimación y reproducción tanto de la desigualdad como del privilegio en las sociedades contemporáneas
This research aims to explore the social phenomenon of the Chinese middle class, with particular focus on the social construction of identity by analysing social practices and representations in contemporary urban China. The study is framed in the analysis of semi-structured interviews collected in Beijing between 2017 and 2018, the official discourse of the Chinese middle class through the amendments to the Chinese Constitution, the main texts and speeches of the Party-state leaders and, finally, the content of articles on middle class published on Renmin Wang (People’s Daily online) —the mouthpiece of Central Committee of the Communist Party of China— since the early 21st century. Therefore, the aim of this research is not only to provide a categorical example of the social construction of identity within Beijing’s middle class, but also to explore the social field in Contemporary urban China as a multidimensional space of social mobility, new social practices and representations —that is, new lifestyles. While these observations have been derived by employing a conceptual schema associated with the work of Pierre Bourdieu, some results obtained question his conceptualization of “real class” and his formulation on homogeneous conditions of class as homogeneous systems of dispositions capable of generating similar practices. As a result, this study has discovered a number of defining characteristics that indicate that the formation of the middle-classes groups in the People’s Republic of China (PRC) constitutes a social reproduction phenomenon rather than a class formation process. Moreover, the findings of the case study undertaken in Beijing are also supportive of the thesis of a cleavage society or the so-called class crystallization is maintained primarily through consumption —that is, economic capital—, but not through a recognizable ‘class’ identity or ‘real class’. Also, this study has shown that domestic migration in the PRC is also a form of lifestyle consumption, a suzhi (‘quality’) practice and a way to fashion oneself as a middle-class, civilized and modern subject. However, a middle-class identity is progressively constructed in urban China not only through consumption practices but also through the experience of participating in new activities in their neighbourhood life based on principles of openness, publicity and solidarity, and also in collective action against violation of their private-property rights as homeowners. Besides, the research revealed the validity and the configuration of the concept of class —together with racialization, gender and sexuality— to produce an accurate representation of the institutionalization, legitimatization and reproduction of both inequality and privilege in contemporary societies.
2
TONETTA, MARTA. "ON SQUEEZING.ITALIAN URBAN MIDDLE CLASSES, SHORT-TERM RENTALS AND RENT-EXTRACTION UNDER PLATFORM CAPITALISM." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/724155.
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Under the umbrella term of what can be labelled "platform capitalism", short-term
rentals are playing a new and controversial role in cities worldwide. They can be considered drivers
and markers of urban and social change.
The research project posits its theoretical foundations on an inter-disciplinary approach. It seeks
to provide new understandings of the topic by following the viewpoint entry of the suppliers,
renting properties through Airbnb and similar digital architectures.
In particular, in light of the stress on labor market, income compression and a financial crisis that
seemingly is still ongoing, the current work elaborates on the idea that middle class households are
capitalising homes and rooms in order to sustain socio-economic stability and consumption habits
by extracting value from their main source of wealth.
Despite its theoretical and pragmatical relevance, the topic remains as of yet under researched
in the academia, but becomes particularly interesting for southern European nations. What
happens, for example, in a context like Italy where the housing system is characterized by the
primacy of home-ownership and a huge stock of secondary homes, but where this is also a high rate
of unemployment and scarce incomes?
Drawing on qualitative research techniques and a two-sited fieldwork, this doctoral
dissertation sets out to provide an account of the emerging patterns of rent extraction among middle class individuals and families in two urban settings: Milan and Naples.
3
Oliveira, Debora Santos de Souza. "A transmissão do conhecimento culinário no Brasil urbano do século XX." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-27042010-141556/.
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Este trabalho procura estabelecer a relação entre a vida nas grandes cidades do Sudeste brasileiro, notadamente no Rio de Janeiro e São Paulo, com a prática e a transmissão do saber culinário ao longo do século XX. O momento de formação da classe média brasileira, a oferta de bens de consumo relacionados à modernidade como o fogão a gás, os aparelhos eletrodomésticos e também os alimentos industrializados, somados ao papel atribuído às mulheres na nova ordem social urbana, criaram uma ruptura no modo como as receitas culinárias eram preparadas e transmitidas. Esta ruptura foi seguida de um novo padrão culinário, que por sua vez afetou os valores e a simbologia que permeiam o ato de cozinhar.This work seeks to establish the relationship between life in the big cities of the Brazilian Southeast, particularly in Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo, and the practice as well as the way culinary knowledge was shared during the 20th century. The moment of formation of the Brazilian middle class, the availability of consumer goods related to modernity, e.g. the gas stove, appliances and industrialized foods, combined with the role attributed to women in the new urban social order, created a rupture in the way culinary recipes were prepared and passed down from one generation to another. This rupture was followed by a new culinary pattern, which in turn affected the values and the symbology comprised in the cooking act.
4
ALMEIDA, Diego Rocha Guedes de. "Mobilidade social sem mobilidade espacial: “nova classe média” e transformações no espaço urbano em Campina Grande (PB)." Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, 2015. http://dspace.sti.ufcg.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/riufcg/1253.
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Capes
Segundo dados da pesquisa realizada por Marcelo Cortês Neri (2008) no ano de 2010 o Brasil passa ter um contingente de mais de 50% de brasileiros que pertencem à classe C, famílias com renda per capita entre R$ 291,00 e R$ 1.019,00, que havia passado por mobilidade social de caráter ascendente nos últimos dez anos. Neri (2008) chama esta nova parcela da população de “nova classe média” brasileira, conceito que repercutiu em diversos debates com relação a sua pertinência e aplicabilidade. Este trabalho pretende analisar as trajetórias de mobilidade social de famílias nos bairros do Presidente Médici e Cruzeiro, na cidade de Campina Grande – PB, que se tornaram aquilo que Neri chama de “nova classe média” com ênfase particular na mobilidade social sem mobilidade no espaço urbano, buscando verificar ao longo da trajetória de mobilidade social das famílias analisadas transformações em seu mundo social que se conectem com o espaço urbano, expando o debate sobre mobilidade social para suas repercussões na cidade.
According to data of the research accomplished by Marcelo Cortês Neri (2008) in the year of 2010 Brazil passes to have a contingent of more than 50% of brazilians that belong to the class C, families with per capita income between R$ 291,00 and R$ 1.019,00, that had gone by social mobility of ascending character in the last ten years. Neri (2008) calls this new portion of the brazilian population of " new middle class ", concept that rebounded in several debates with relationship your pertinence and aplicabilidade. This work intends to analyze the paths of social mobility of families in neighborhoods of the President Médici and Cruzeiro, in the city of Campina Grande - PB, that became that that Neri calls “new middle class” with private emphasis in the social mobility without mobility in the urban space, looking for to verify along the path of social mobility of the families analyzed transformations in your social world that they are connected with the urban space, I expand the debate about social mobility for your repercussions in the city.
5
Zakzouk, Mohamed. "Dreaming up the right career: an exploratory study of the career aspirations of low-income adolescents living in urban São Paulo." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/13609.
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In Brazil, low-income youth is prone to unemployment, which is particularly problematic in an emerging economy where income inequality is relatively high, and where future socioeconomic development may depend on the growth and stability of an already vulnerable middle class. Youth unemployment, especially in urban cities, is also associated with high incidents of violence, illegal behaviour, widening inequality and sociopolitical instability. The present study complements existing efforts to advance the employment prospects of Brazilian youth, by exploring the career aspirations of 25 late adolescents living in low-income communities in urban Sao Paulo. The research was conducted by means of focus groups, over the course of four meetings in the Paulistano communities of Vila Albertina, Heliopolis, Vila Prudente and Vila Nova Esperança. The research findings largely echo existing knowledge pertaining to adolescents: they confirm the important role of individual merit, the micro-environment and role models (namely family, peers and local educators) in shaping and enabling (or hindering) the career paths of young adults, and highlight the flexibility and diversity of professional interests during that age. Furthermore, the findings reveal paradoxical attitudes towards low-income communities in Sao Paulo. All participants seemed empowered by elements within their micro-environment, exhibiting sentiments of pride and belonging to their community, yet many seemed troubled by how outsiders stereotype or stigmatize 'favela' dwellers. Overall, the study highlights tendencies that support the case for further investment in the professional development of youth at the base of the economic pyramid. As a potential ecosystem for socioeconomic development, low-income communities can constitute a rich source of not only human capital, but also business opportunities and employment.
No Brasil, os jovens de baixa renda estão propensos ao desemprego, o que é particularmente problemático em uma economia emergente onde a desigualdade de renda é relativamente alta, e onde o desenvolvimento socioeconômico futuro pode depender do crescimento e da estabilidade de uma classe média já vulnerável. Além disso, o desemprego entre os jovens, especialmente em cidades urbanas, está associado a elevada incidência de violência, comportamento ilegal, aumento da desigualdade e instabilidade sociopolítica. Este estudo complementa tentativas existentes de promover as perspectivas de emprego da juventude brasileira, investigando as aspirações profissionais de 25 adolescentes que vivem em comunidades de baixa renda na zona urbana de São Paulo. A pesquisa foi realizada através de grupos de foco durante o período de quatro encontros nas comunidades paulistanas de Vila Albertina, Heliópolis, Vila Prudente e Vila Nova Esperança. Os resultados da pesquisa repetem, em grande parte, o conhecimento existente que diz respeito a adolescentes; eles confirmam o papel importante que o mérito individual, o microambiente e os modelos exemplares (isto é, familiares, colegas e educadores locais) têm de moldar e possibilitar (ou impedir) os planos de carreira de jovens adultos, e destacam a flexibilidade e a diversidade de interesses profissionais nesta faixa etária. Ademais, os resultados revelam atitudes paradoxais face às comunidades de baixa renda em São Paulo. Todos os participantes pareciam empoderados por elementos dentro de seu microambiente, exibiam sentimentos de orgulho e que faziam parte de sua comunidade; porém, muitos pareciam perturbados pela maneira como pessoas de fora estereotipam ou estigmatizam os moradores da 'favela'. Ao todo, o estudo destaca tendências que sustentam razões para maiores investimentos no desenvolvimento profissional dos jovens de baixa renda. Na qualidade de um ecossistema com potencial para desenvolvimento socioeconômico, as comunidades de baixa renda podem constituir uma fonte rica não apenas de recursos humanos, mas também de oportunidades comerciais e empregos.
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Alvarez, Rojas Ana Maria. "Choix résidentiel de localisation et modes de vie urbains de familles de classe moyenne dans la Région Métropolitaine de Santiago au Chili." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00907411.
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La thèse de doctorat explore, à travers une recherche qualitative de terrain, les fondements des élections résidentielles et les modes de vie résultants, chez des familles de classes moyennes en deux types de localisation dans la ville Santiago du Chili : central et péri urbaine. Les familles en localisation centrale habitaient dans des " condominios " horizontaux de la commune de Ñuñoa, tandis que les périurbains le faisaient dans des micro quartiers de l'ensemble résidentiel "Ciudad de Los Valles", à Pudahuel rural. Le but a été d'identifier si l'élection par l'une ou l'autre localisation est précédée de l'adhésion à un mode de vie urbain spécifique, et si ces options donnent lieu à différentes pratiques par rapport aux sociabilités, aux mobilités et à la consommation. Les résultats démontrent que l'élection résidentielle constituerait le reflet plus ou moins conscient d'une conviction préalable sur ce qu'est une " bonne vie " dans la ville. L'actuel contexte de développement des villes, dont Santiago constitue un bon exemple, oblige donc à comprendre la mobilité et la permanence articulées de façons différentes selon l'expérience urbaine de l'habitant, dues en grande partie à la localisation et aux modes de vie que celles-ci induisent. Bien que nous ayons constaté qu'aucun des deux groupes est mobile dans le sens proposé par A. Bourdin (2004) les périurbains de l'échantillon seraient légèrement plus mobiles que les résidents en localisation centrale. Déjà leurs trajectoires résidentielles sont plus variées et complexes et leur disposition à la mobilité résidentielle beaucoup plus forte que dans le cas des habitants en localisation centrale. Ceux-ci n'ont aucun intérêt à abandonner la centralité et moins leur commune. Les deux groupes représentent alors une tension entre continuité et changement. Cela, non seulement dans des termes socio spatiaux, mais aussi, dans la manière où les changements dans la société chilienne s'expriment dans les actuels styles de vie. D'autre part, le caractère relatif attribué aux distances, qui s'exprime dans le fait que les deux groupes considèrent être dans une " localisation privilégiée ", nous fait penser à la perception subjective des distances et à la distance même comme une représentation. Nonobstant, la mobilité périurbaine est légèrement plus centrée dans la reproduction de la vie quotidienne. Les résidents en localisation centrale soulignent, avant tout, la valeur de la fluidité, principe qu'ils étendent à leurs pratiques de consommation, où ils privilégient la liberté de choisir où, quand et quoi acheter. Cette accentuation de la liberté nous fait penser aussi à la possibilité " d'acheter du temps ", aspiration qui marquerait une préférence particulière dans des segments de classes moyennes avec plus de capital culturel. Dans ce sens, les habitants en localisation centrale seraient une classe moyenne plus consolidée. Cela entretient une relation avec l'évolution historique de la commune et avec le poids qu'ont eu ces segments sociaux dans sa constitution. Sur ce point ce sont seulement les résidents en localisation centrale qui font des distinctions entre leur type de classe moyenne et celui d'autres groupes qui sont perçus comme des fractions en ascension. Ils se trouveraient dans les quartiers fermés des périphéries et au périurbain. Finalement le travail conclut que l'option par un certain lieu dans la ville, est le reflet de conceptions et de pratiques affirmées ou émergentes de relation avec les espaces urbains et avec ceux qui les fréquentent. Pour les périurbains : une ville fragmentée et éprouvée à partir d'une logique spatiale basée sur des fonctionnalités propres de leur classe sociale et leur cycle de vie, tandis que pour les centrales : une ville de contiguïtés et des bords
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Martin, Sandra. "Is the black middle class shrinking?" Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68278.
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Yaran, Pinar. "Reproduction And Differentiation Strategies Of Upper-middle Class Group In Ankara." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611453/index.pdf.
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The main objective of this study is to investigate reproduction strategies of upper-middle class group of people in Ankara and their differentiation propensities in the fragmentation process of urban space. Dispositions and everyday life practices of upper-middle group on Bourdieu&rsquos approach in the urban space of Ankara are analyzed on the basis of intensive interviews with upper-middle class women. In this sense, special emphasis is placed on this group&rsquo
s close family relations, investment strategies in education, housing and living space strategies.
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Breines, Markus Roos. "Pursuing progress : urban-urban migration and meanings of being middle class in Ethiopia." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/69898/.
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Korkmaz, Tirkes Guliz. "Spatial Choicesof Middle Classes In Cayyolu And Kecioren." Phd thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12608534/index.pdf.
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This study is based on a comparison of the spatial choices of two middle class groups residing in Çayyolu and Keç
iö
ren in Ankara. Spatial choices include the residences and neighborhood, the consumption of various places and activities in urban space and evaluations of the urban space. To search for the effects of alternative factors on the spatial choices along with well-known economic capital, two upper middle class groups are chosen as the basis of comparison. In line with the effects of Bourdieu&
#8217
s cultural capital and social and symbolic capital on the differentiation of middle class
the location choice, spatial use and evaluation differences of the two groups at hand are investigated. Based on the effects of consumption sphere in class formation, the influence of the concept of &
#8216
taste&
#8217
and the differentiating aspect of lifestyle is discussed and how the resulting spatial tastes and choices may affect the development of urban space is presented in the case of Ankara. The importance of considering theoretically the local variations in studies conducted in urban space based on the daily practices of urbanites is revealed by the discussions of cultural factors that are special to Ankara and Turkey.
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Guano, Emanuela. "Emplacing modernity : the Buenos Aires' middle-class and the politics of urban spectacle in neoliberal Argentina /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Mahadevan, Mahalakshmi. "Engendering familial citizens : serial-viewing among middle-class women in urban India." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2010. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/906y1/engendering-familial-citizens-serial-viewing-among-middle-class-women-in-urban-india.
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This thesis is a study of serial viewing among women in middle-families in two Indian cities carried out in 2007. It explores women’s engagement with a new brand of serial narratives that centralizes the traditional Hindu joint family and places women at the centre of the family as nurturer and custodian of traditional values. This return to the traditional, the thesis proposes, marks a new conjunctural moment in the evolution of Indian television. This new conjunctural moment, characterized by competitive attempts among private and transnational cable and satellite television to Indianize content, the unprecedented growth of vernacular television and consequently the national circulation of traditionally inflected serials, has come to represent the feminisation of television in India. The manner in which differentially located women engage with these narratives of idealized family and womanhood suggests certain specific gendered ways in which television mediates women’s discursive access to and performance within both family and civic space. This thesis argues that the feminisation of television in India helps extend the ideal of a familial womanhood on to the civic space, limiting women’s access to alternative, oppositional forms of civic belonging and citizenship.
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Maqsood, Ammara. "Being modern in Lahore : Islam, class and consumption in urban Pakistan." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:4a0065df-5423-48f1-b6c5-3461b2e51b0e.
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This thesis, based on 14 months of fieldwork, examines middle-class Lahore, a milieu that is not only anxious about the growing religious violence in the country but also feels disappointed by the state and its false promises of progress. The ethnography explores how such tensions shape ideas on personal and public piety which, in turn, influence conceptions of modernity and a ‘successful life’. I examine the growing presence of a form of religiosity that emphasises the personal study of the Quran and other Islamic texts. The rising popularity of Quran schools and study circles, talks by television-based Islamic scholars, and discussions in homes are indicative of a sensibility which encourages individuals to discover the ‘real’ and ‘rational’ Islam by understanding the Quran for themselves. Although this religiosity centres around the individual and the cultivation of personal ethics, it also has a significant public aspect. Many believe that acquired Islamic ethics will not only help attain success in this life and the hereafter but also solve societal problems such as corruption, nepotism and economic disorder. Although such ideas have developed alongside a belief that the state is incompetent, they nevertheless reproduce many state-produced discourses on religion, morality and modernity. At a broader level, my thesis is concerned with how middle-class Pakistan perceives itself and its position in the world. I argue that prevailing ideas on Islam have been shaped by increased communication with the South Asian diaspora abroad and have developed in response to two struggles. First, the emerging middle-class uses this religiosity to contest the moral and economic domination of the established old-money elite. Second, anxieties about the gaze of an abstracted outsider – usually the West on the Muslim world – shape middle-class representations of self.
14
Baijal, Shwetika. "Glocalization in contemporary India: a case study of urban middle class youth." Thesis, Boston University, 2009. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27580.
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Thesis (B.A.)--Boston University. University Professors Program Senior theses.PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
2031-01-02
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Kothari, Anjali. "That common ground : education, marriage and family in middle-class, urban India." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020768/.
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In the early 1990s, India liberalised its economy and subsequently its television market, signalling a deeper integration into the global economy. This study examines how a group of women from urban, middle-class backgrounds have responded to the widening educational and economic opportunities and cultural changes that followed. Data were gathered through life history interviews with twenty-seven participants: ten pairs of mothers and daughters in the city of Pune and seven young women in Mumbai. Data were analysed using Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of capital, habitus and field in order to explore individual and family strategies for social reproduction. Findings indicate that middle-class belonging for these Indian women is not an automatic result of economic wealth, education, employment or marriage. Their middle-class status involves a complicated set of choices, performances and practices relating to the kind of education they receive, marriage to the 'right' kind of man by a certain age and, for the younger generation of women, participation in the global economy through appropriate professions. Participants in Mumbai, the so-called 'modem girls', work in the outsourcing industry. Their jobs allow economic mobility but have led to struggles associated with derogatory societal views due to their nightshift work and its perceived links with sexual freedom. These women seek to reinvent expectations of 'good' middle-class womanhood, by providing financial support to other family members or through religious observances. The role of the media in shaping discourses of marriage, mothering and contemporary Indian womanhood is also examined and reveals how young women are required to embody a range of contradictions; for example, as sexually appealing yet virtuous, independent yet family-oriented women. The symbolic capital both generations accrue as educated individuals who prioritise the family cements their position as respectable, middle-class women while engaging with the economic and cultural shifts that have come with liberalisation.
16
Krishnan, Sneha. "Making ladies of girls : middle-class women and pleasure in urban India." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e913b744-0568-42f8-bb20-4023d18ee6ca.
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Current debates in the anthropology of the Indian middle classes suggest a preponderant theme of balance - between 'Indian' and 'Western'; 'traditional' and 'modern'; 'global' and 'local'. Scholars like Säävälä (2010) Nisbett (2007, 2009), and Donner (2011) demonstrate a range of practices through which the ideal of middle class life is positioned in a precarious median between the imagined decadence of the upper classes and the perceived immorality and lack of responsibility of the working classes. Sexuality and intimacy, it has been observed, are important sites, where this balancing act is played out and risks to its stability are disciplined. Young women have particularly come under a great deal of pressure to position themselves dually as modern representatives of a global nation, who are, at the same time, epitomes of a nationalised narrative of tradition. In this thesis I examine, through an ethnographic study, the ways in which young women's bodies are implicated in the normative reproduction of everyday middle class life, as well as unpacking the social meanings of youth and adulthood for women in this context. Further, locating my study in the context of women's colleges in Chennai, this thesis comments on the significance of educational spaces as sites where normative ideals of middle class life and femininity are both produced and contested. The chief arguments in this thesis are organised into five chapters that draw primarily on ethnographic material to examine categories of risk, danger and pleasure as mutually constituted in young women's lives through everyday practice, as well as the making of the everyday as a precarious and compositional event.
17
Milchman, Karina (Karina Faye). "The forgotten class : reconceptualizing contemporary middle-income housing in New York City." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/81742.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2013.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 106-116).
New York City's costly real estate poses housing affordability challenges for not only low- or even moderate-income households, but also for the so-called "middle class." Because New York is predominantly a renter's market, federal home ownership supports that disproportionately benefit middleto- upper income households nationally do not function as effectively here. Meanwhile, the majority of the city's subsidized housing programs primarily serve low-income households. Consequently, the middle class is increasingly priced out of the market and this vital residential base is shrinking. There is little research on middle-class loss from high-cost cities and even less on recent housing strategies for retention of this group. New York City is at the forefront of this issue with its New Housing Marketplace Plan (NHMP), intended to preserve and construct 165,000 affordable units between 2003 and 2014. With a special focus on middle-income households--including the development of Hunter's Point South (HPS) in Queens, the largest housing project conceived for this population since the 1970s--this initiative pioneers contemporary approaches to middle-class affordable housing. Through an examination of the NHMP and HPS, this thesis exposes the difficulty of subsidizing middle-income housing. It assesses the City's efforts to define an amorphous population, considers the political value of defining the "middle class" broadly, and explains who actually benefits from housing class broadly, and explains who actually benefits from housing developed for this target group. It also considers the limitations of current housing policy to address the needs of this demographic, questions what constitutes middle-class need, and considers what role the City should play in addressing it. Ultimately, this thesis concludes that much of the new "middle-class affordable housing" will likely be home to upper-middle-class households composed of singles, couples, and some small families. It asserts that this population has the means to live in New York City, but is disinclined to locate in many neighborhoods that are affordable at their income levels. The City has responded to this dilemma with affordable housing that is inclusive of an income range extending well beyond the median, and has undertaken development that transforms more neighborhoods into what this group desires. Meanwhile, true middle-class households face increasingly restricted housing options. In response to these findings, this thesis proposes a definitional narrowing of the middle-income range to more effectively target housing subsidies. It also suggests a more stringent approach to structuring the public-private partnerships that develop middle-income housing, and explores new models for future development. Inevitably, city-level policy is not sufficient to fully address systemic issues of inequality.
by Karina Milchman.
M.C.P.
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CAVALCANTE, ELEANDRO DE CARVALHO GOMES. "DECIPHER ME AND DEVOUR ME: SCIENCE CONSUMED BY BRAZILIAN URBAN MIDDLE-CLASS YOUNGSTERS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2008. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=12872@1.
Full textAbstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROFUNDAÇÃO DE APOIO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DO RIO DE JANEIRO
O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em tentar compreender a cultura jovem das camadas médias urbanas brasileiras a partir da análise antropológica de uma representação de ciência. Em um primeiro momento, tentamos delinear um perfil do jovem destas camadas médias através da discussão teórica das idéias de crise de autoridade e falta de limites, muitas vezes empregadas pelo senso comum na classificação social das relações no seio da família e do próprio jovem. Em seguida, debruçamo-nos sobre um item de consumo deste jovem, uma revista de divulgação científica: Superinteressante, da Editora Abril. Através da interpretação etnográfica das reportagens de capa publicadas durante o primeiro semestre de 2007 em Superinteressante, buscamos compreender qual seria a noção de ciência ali divulgada e, portanto, consumida por seus jovens leitores.
The aim of this work consists in trying to understand Brazilian urban middle-class youth culture from an anthropological analysis of a representation of science. First, we try to delineate a profile of middle-class youngsters through a theoretical discussion of the ideas of authority crisis and lack of limits, often used by common sense in the social classification of relations within the family and of youngsters themselves. In another moment, we lean over a consummation item of youngsters, a scientific divulgation magazine: Superinteressante, from Editora Abril. Through the ethnographical interpretation of the cover stories published in Superinteressante during the first semester of 2007, we seek to understand the notion of science divulged within the magazine and, therefore, consumed by its young readers.
19
Ashikari, Mikiko. "Urban middle-class Japanese women and their white faces : gender, ideology and representation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620977.
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White, Alan Paul. "Formation and development of middle-class urban culture and politics : Sheffield 1825-1880." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1990. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/427/.
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This thesis examines the formation and development of the Sheffield middle-class through the focus of the Sheffield Club. In chapter two cultural institutions of the town prior to the formation of the Club are examined. The institutional formation and development of the Club is then traced from its foundation in 1843 through to 1880. The third chapter examines the membership of the Club in some detail in order to substantiate the claim that it represents the elite strata of Sheffield society. Investigation of the involvement of the Club membership in other key locations of power in the town is then presented. The fourth chapter examines the struggles concerning the gaining of a charter of incorporation for the town. The political and religious composition of the opposing groups are analysed. The intervention of the West Riding magistrates in the debate is also examined. Lastly, the role of the members of the Sheffield Club is assessed. The fifth and sixth chapters look in detail at the 1852 and 1857 Sheffield elections, and the 1865 West Riding election. The description of the elections is focused through the Sheffield Club in order to assess the strength of party support of its members. The claim that 1868 marks the beginning of the defection of the Sheffield middle class to the Tory party is then examined. It is argued that the defection of the elite of the Sheffield middle class began much earlier than this date. The conclusion draws together the main arguments of the thesis and examines the relationship between the elite and the middle class.
21
Savory, Fuller Rebecca. "Embodying 'new India' through remixed global performance : flash mobs redefined in contemporary urban India, 2003-15." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33146.
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This thesis conducts a history of flash mob performance in India, asking how the form has evolved over a 12-year period from its first emergence in 2003. Due to its rhizomatic appearance worldwide and its close association with internet technologies and digital culture, the flash mob has typically been treated as a ‘global’ phenomenon, and theories of flash mob performance derived from Euro-American contexts are frequently glossed as generic. However, this thesis asks what a close history of the genre in India can reveal, both in terms of the performance practice itself, and as a reflection of the specific cultural moment in which it emerged. It offers an examination of the processes of adaptation and remix underway as a ‘global’ performance practice has been re-interpreted and re-enacted from this specific, local and historical perspective, and it argues that these processes demonstrate one of the ways in which performance, particularly in a digital sphere, can operate to effect a ‘politics of forgetting’ in globalising India. To do so, the thesis employs an interdisciplinary approach combining ethnographic and archival research, and draws on literature and theory from both performance studies and social sciences. The flash mob form is shown to have emerged in two distinct waves, marked by aesthetic and formal shifts which I relate to the evolving mediascape of the internet during this period. In its second wave, the genre has become spectacularised for an online video context and ‘Bollywoodised’ within an Indian context, reflecting broader practices of hybridity as well as cultural tensions surrounding national identity in globalising India. The thesis positions flash mob performance in this context as a social media practice engaged in symbolic, representational discourses which perform place and identity within a global sphere.
22
Hamm, Marvin Friedman. "Conversion to the poor calling middle class Christians into solidarity with the urban poor /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1988. http://www.tren.com.
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Nenadic, S. S. "The structure, values and influence of the Scottish urban middle class : Glasgow 1800 to 1870." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378051.
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LEVY, BARBARA PAGLIARI. "SHARING AS A CONSUMPTION PRACTICE IN LOW-MIDDLE CLASS URBAN FAMILIES: AN INTERPRETATIVE STUDY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=26767@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
O presente estudo investiga o fenômeno do compartilhamento como prática de consumo em famílias brasileiras urbanas de classe média baixa. Para tal, utiliza-se da perspectiva da Consumer Consumption Theory (CCT), de caráter interpretativo e adotando-se a família estendida residente em um mesmo domicílio como unidade de análise.O compartilhamento é uma prática cotidiana, presente na vida dos indivíduos tanto na esfera pública, quanto privada. Nos lares, compartilha-se desde a geladeira e seu conteúdo até os móveis, os utensílios e os espaços da casa. Compartilham-se a refeição, o entretenimento e as atividades domésticas. Fora dos lares, compartilham-se os espaços públicos, espaços comerciais como restaurantes e cinemas, os transportes, as paisagens, o mundo. O compartilhamento realizado pelas famílias é um fenômeno social que, apesar de sempre ter existido como prática de consumo cotidiana, esteve praticamente ausente dos estudos em Comportamento do Consumidor e de áreas correlatas. O arcabouço teórico está baseado na Consumer Culture Theory, especificamente sobre o processo de significação do consumo e no compartilhamento como prática de consumo. Foi utilizada abordagem interpretativa, com base em entrevistas em profundidade com diferentes membros das famílias estendidas. Seguiu-se o método abdutivo de combinação sistemática, em um processo de idas e vindas entre teoria e campo. Este estudo contribui para a ampliação do conhecimento sobre práticas de consumo de três formas principais: i) expandindo o entendimento da temática do compartilhamento, delineando melhor fronteiras conceituais e temáticas; ii) estudando o fenômeno no contexto da família estendida brasileira, em contraposição à família nuclear norte-americana; e iii) identificando as especificidades do fenômeno entre famílias urbanas de classe média baixa. Do estudo emergiram novas categorias para descrever o compartilhamento, assim como foram obtidas evidências de o emprestar ser um modo de consumo distinto de compartilhamento.
This research investigates sharing as a consumption practice in Brazilian low-middle class urban families. Given this purpose, the study adopts the Consumption Culture Theory (CCT) interpretative perspective, using the extended family residing in the same household as the unit of analysis. Sharing is an everyday practice in the individuals lives in both public and private spheres. Within the households, artifacts such as the refrigerator and its contents are shared, as well as furniture, utensils, and physical spaces. Individuals share meals, entertainment, and domestic chores. Outside the home, public spaces, commercial spaces such as restaurants and cinemas, transportation, landscapes, and other aspects of the physical world are all shared. Sharing within families is a social phenomenon that, although it has always been a daily consumption practice, it has practically been absent from studies on Consumer Behavior and related areas. The theoretical framework is based on the Consumer Culture Theory, specifically on the process of extracting meaning from consumption. The study used an interpretative approach, based on in-depth interviews with different members of the extended families. It followed the abductive method of systematic combining, which is characterized by continuous comings and goings between the theory and the field. This study contributes to increase the knowledge on consumption practices in three main ways: i) by expanding the understanding of the phenomenon of sharing, better outlining its conceptual and thematic borders; ii) by studying the phenomenon in the context of the Brazilian extended family, as opposed to the American nuclear family; and iii) by identifying specificities of how the phenomenon manifests among low middle class urban families. New categories emerged from the study to describe sharing, as well as comparative elements between sharing and lending as consumption practices. The study proposes a conceptual framework for the different types of sharing.
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Bialostok, Steven 1954. "Discourses of literacy: Cultural models of White, urban, middle-class parents of kindergarten children." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/283984.
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This study describes how literacy is mentally represented as cultural knowledge, referred to by educational and cognitive anthropologists as "cultural models." These models, widely shared among specific social and cultural groups, depict prototypical events in a simplified world. Despite enormous research attention identifying 'multiple literacies,' particularly emphasizing the literacies of those who live at the 'margins,' the one most closely associated with a literary literacy remains prototypical or 'normal' while terms such as "functional" reading are viewed pejoratively. This common sense reasoning is produced by the White, middle class who largely control the society, whose ideological stances of the way literacy 'ought to be' escape serious scrutiny. My research integrates sociocognitive, sociocultural, and sociolinguistic analyses by reconstructing the cultural models of literacy held by 15, White, urban, middle-class parents of kindergarten children. This reconstruction required the use of numerous interviews and interpretation of those interviews. My goal in the analysis was to search for patterns across interviewees and interview passages that would be indicative of shared understandings. I focused on two features of parents' discourse: their use of metaphors and their reasoning. The metaphor analysis identifies three schemas that parents have about literacy. The reasoning analysis provides the underlying story of the cultural model that links the three schemas. This study concludes that when middle-class parents of young children talk about reading, they conceptualize a literary literacy. Through indirect indexicality, expressing this literacy as a prototype sends a covert message which emphasizes moral worth. Such a moral attachment to reading books marks and morally elevates one's social-class membership, which is itself implicitly linked to racial and cultural status. This moral identity distances these middle-class parents from the lower and working classes as well as from the upper class. Furthermore, institutions designed to facilitate the literacy of children and families construct a similar discourse, where the goal of learning to read is secondary to the primary goal of reshaping the moral character of the families, particularly non-mainstream and minority families. This discourse hegemonically constructs as 'immoral' the kinds of literacies which do not match a 'moral literacy.'
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Melise, Patricia J. "Variables that Attract and Retain Middle-Income Families to Urban Public Schools." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/77052.
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In the mid-nineteenth century, with the influx of European immigrants into the cities, public schools became the answer to the poverty and ignorance of the urban masses. Then, in the late nineteenth century and early twentieth century, urban public schools were again called on to educate the many African-Americans who migrated to the cities from poor Southern states. Again, the idea of mass education of the public, funded by the public, became the panacea for all the problems of city living. The civil rights movement brought a flood of litigation, and courts attempted to provide equal educational opportunities to all students, even those in poor urban localities. Currently, urban public schools face the flight of middle-income families from the cities to the suburbs, within-district flight of more affluent families to private and parochial schools, and diminishing funds with which they must serve their populations. This study explored the factors that would influence middle-income families to return or remain in urban public schools to restore the original concept of a public education for all by all (Hunter & Donahoo, 2003)Ed. D.
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Parmigiani, Paul J. "Surburban hybrids for city living : the making of new middle class family neighborhoods in central cities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69368.
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Tetteh, Komiete. "The new middle class and urban transformation in Africa : a case study of Accra, Ghana." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57950.
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The ascendance of the so-called global middle class—characterized as young, ambitious, highly-credentialed, well-paid, urban-based, professionals in the so-called emerging economies of the Global South—as a new socio-economic force has captured much international attention in the scholarly, business and media circles. For the most part, however, the discourse on this nascent social group has geographically focused on emerging Asia and thematically centered on their lifestyle characteristics and their related political and economic ramifications, locally and globally. In Africa, where the growth of the middle class has been paralleled by widespread socio-economic and urban transformation, little, if any, scholarly and policy effort have been made to understand the nature and ramifications of the nexus between the middle class expansion and the reconfigurations taking place in the urban form and space economies of cities. Seeking to tell the African version or story of the rise of the new middle class and their role in the on-going remaking of urban Africa, this thesis examines patterns of new economic activity and occupations, secondary service centres, housing, education and conspicuous consumption, including their broader spatial attributes and internal configurations, in one transitional African city, Accra, the capital of Ghana, as a case study. Drawing on a range of methods that include analyses of media coverage, policy briefs, scholarly works, plans and census data, the study unravels deep connections between the forces of globalization, structural change, class (re)production and new industrial and spatial formations in metropolitan Accra. The case study also highlights the different place-making strategies and tactics—covert and overt, direct and indirect, practical and ideological—employed by the new middle classes to reshape, territorialize and control urban space through the production and consumption of “privileged” landscapes that fits their vision and ideals of contemporary urban structure and social life. In addition to analyzing the impact and implications of these emergent middle-class landscapes for Accra’s spatial harmony and social cohesion, the research underscores the need for African urban governments to adopt innovative land use and social engineering approaches that encourage the mixing of diverse social groups in planned new residential communities, protect urban green space, and minimize the gentrifying effects of middle-class place-making.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Kim, Yoon Hui. "The Outside and Inside Meanings of Alcohol : Changing Trends in Indian Urban Middle-Class Drinking." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.504059.
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Killins, Brian J. "Twelve urban middle-class churches planted and being developed in Bogotá, Colombia lessons from experience /." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2001. http://www.tren.com.
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Ertuna, Ayberk Can. "Gated Communities As A New Upper-middle Class Utopia In Turkey: The Case Of Angora Houses." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1080589/index.pdf.
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The aim of this thesis is to analyse the effects of gated communities in the increasing fragmentation of urban space and in the increasing polarisation among different classes in the Turkish context, more specifically in the capital, Ankara.
Since the case study is based on an upper-middle class suburban gated community, first, suburbanisation &ldquoas a wave of urbanisation&rdquo
is analysed. Then, the debates about the middle class and the transformation that this social stratum has undergone are discussed. Later, the formation of gated communities around the world and in Turkey are analysed within the general framework of the transformation of the urban sphere. Finally, the theoretical arguments are scrutinised by incorporating the findings of the case study carried out in Angora Houses. In this study Angora Houses is concluded to be a gated community which is &ldquo
fortified&rdquo
for the preservation of an upper-middle class lifestyle rather than for security concerns and which reproduces socio-spatial inequalities among Ankaraites rather than standing as only the expression of them.
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Braden, April. "Urban Suburb: How The Built Environment Influences Class Identity." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1605112902730577.
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Tabor, Desiree Lynn. "Consumption Practices and Middle-Class Consciousness among Socially Aware Shoppers in Atlanta." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/anthro_theses/13.
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With the postmodern prevalence of shopping as both a recreational and subsistence activity, social class identity is increasingly constituted around access to the landscape of consumption. U.S. middle-class identity is normalized in commercial spaces and the exclusion of the lower-class from these spaces perpetuates wider social disparities. For socially aware members of the middle-class, distinction may be achieved by selectively shopping throughout the metropolitan area with the goal of influencing corporate practices. Yet this distinction is not without cost as middle-class shoppers are prime targets of identity marketing schemes and of the neoliberal regime’s construction of consent. Through 15 self-proclaimed middle-class shoppers’ reported use of Atlanta’s postmodern landscape of consumption, this study focuses on performances of middle-classness and representations of commercialized spaces with the goal of furthering the anthropological understanding of class identity and urban space as heterogeneous.
34
Williams, Esther Lynette. "My Kids Will Never Go to (Urban) Public Schools: A Study of the African-American Middle Class’ Abandonment of Urban Public Schools." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1185292256.
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Chakrabarti, Poulomi Dhar. "How rise of middle class activism in Indian cities is changing the face of local governance : [case of Delhi]." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42271.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-114).
Neighborhood Associations, called Resident Welfare Associations (RWAs), have assumed an important role in public policy decision making in Delhi as the principal voice of the middle class. This represents a departure from the traditional role of these institutions that was restricted to the boundaries of their neighborhoods. This development also follows a Government of Delhi program, called Bhagidari, that institutionalized citizen government participation through these very associations. This thesis attempts to establish a relationship between middle-class activism, exemplified by the rise in neighborhood associations, and local governance in mega-cities using the case of Delhi. I observe that although implementation of Bhagidari did not change any formal political structures in the city, it led to friction between political representatives and the Delhi Government and Resident Welfare Associations. The media focus on the program and the administrative mechanism adopted in its implementation contributed towards the rise of RWAs. RWAs were able to influence public policy by forming citywide horizontal networks with other RWAs and bargaining with the State through the channels of the media. The various cases of activism reveal that this mobilization has been triggered by some form of privatization of service delivery which resulted (or was believed to result) in increase in user charges. The two RWA umbrella organizations that developed as a consequence of this mobilization point towards a change in the traditional 'apolitical' character of middle class in India.
(cont.) Although both shared related opinions on public policy issues, one assumed a 'watchdog' of the State role, while another mobilized neighborhood associations to contest municipal elections. I discovered that neighborhood associations with pre-existing networks with government agencies were more likely to remain apolitical, while the ones without these social networks seek to become part of the government machinery through formal electoral channels. Policies on decentralization instituted by the Federal Government and the Bhagidari program have been instrumental in this change.
by Poulomi Dhar Chakrabarti.
M.C.P.
36
Banville, Scott Douglass. ""A Mere Clerk" representing the urban lower-middle-class man in British literature and culture : 1837-1910 /." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1124222668.
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Banville, Scott D. "“A Mere Clerk”: Representing the urban lower-middle-class man in British literature and culture: 1837-1910." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1124222668.
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Vorng, Sophorntavy. "Status City: Consumption, Identity, and Middle Class Culture in Contemporary Bangkok." University of Sydney, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/5771.
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Doctor of PhilosophyFollowing decades of sweeping social change, a 'new' Thai middle class emerged to become the main agents of the mass demonstrations which have rocked Bangkok for the better part of the past four years. Yet, the academic literature reveals a marked paucity of data on the urban middle class, and on Bangkok's systems of stratification. This dissertation addresses this lacuna with research based on eighteen months of ethnographic fieldwork in Bangkok. My investigations suggest that an indigenous spatial-symbolic matrix, encapsulated in centralising and hierarchising mandalic principles, continues to inform both cultural understandings of stratification and the socio-spatial structure of Bangkok. However, traditional status distinctions are now pervaded by the idiom of material wealth introduced by the forces of global markets. Today, life in Bangkok is framed by a hierarchy of affluence which echoes the numerical precision of the premodern sakdina system of status differentiation. Accordingly, I argue that the notion of the 'urban-rural divide' popularly used to describe the conflict obscures a more complex reality in which city and countryside are linked by reciprocal relations within both urban and national systems of status and class. This is clearly discernable in the nature of everyday interclass relations in Bangkok which have been exacerbated by contemporary diminishment and marginalisation of upcountry Thais by the urban middle classes. It is an incendiary dynamic that has been exploited to tremendous effect in the current political power struggle. I demonstrate that the middle class is significantly stratified internally, and explore how middle class culture and identity are drawn in large part from their understandings of status practices of elites. Much of this takes place in the public spaces of the city's scores of shopping malls, which articulate a local vernacular of prestige where hierarchical power relations are inscribed in urban space. Structural constraints and the societal privileging of wealth and connections are constant challenges to middle class aspirations for upward mobility, and the Bangkokian middle class harbours no illusions of Thai society as a meritocracy. This disenchantment has been channelled into a churning politics of resentment with demonstrably explosive potential. Ultimately, however, I argue that middle class discontent will contribute little to reform while the majority of individuals feel their only avenue for social mobility is to negotiate a pre-existing system of stratification which many perceive as unjust.
39
Webb, Curtis L. III. "I Got Joy The World Cannot Take Away: Black Young Professional Placemaking for Leisure in Urban White Spaces." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1613742208508555.
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Arslan, Zerrin. "Urban Middle Class, Lifestyle And Taste In Kecioren And Cankaya, Ankara: Distinction Through Home Furniture, Furnishing And Decoration." Phd thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614287/index.pdf.
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This dissertation aims to scrutinize the fractions of the Turkish middle class, based on
Bourdieu&rsquos theory of social, cultural, economic capitals and habitus. Distinction among the fractions was identified through lifestyles and tastes via home furnishing and decoration. A quantitative field research was conducted in two towns of Ankara, the capital city of Turkey, namely Keç
iö
ren and Ç
ankaya, and the data was collected by applying a detailed questionnaire on a sample that is not representative. The data was analysed with SPSS. The outcomes of factor and multiple correspondence analyses were formulated as four fractions of the Turkish middle class: Lower/bitter, Middle/resentful, Upper/contemptuous, and Well-off/happy middle class. The structural and material conditions, social-psychological utterances of the respondents and interviewees, survey results, field notes and observations as well as insights collected from furniture/decoration magazines provided the basis for defining and naming these subcategories. This categorization is an important step for further studies of lifestyles and tastes of the fractions. Lifestyles were defined as everyday habits/routines/activities, and tastes as selections/arrangements of furniture/accessories of everyday life objects. The finding of the dissertation is that the middle class(es) in Ankara is stratified within itself and these fractions have different lifestyles and tastes of their own: The well-off/happy fraction has an &lsquo
outgoing&rsquo
lifestyle, and &lsquo
legitimate/highbrow taste&rsquo
the upper/contemptuous fraction has a &lsquo
shopping mallcentred&rsquo
lifestyle, and &lsquo
middlebrow taste&rsquo
the middle/resentful fraction has an &lsquo
emulationcentred&rsquo
lifestyle and &lsquo
popular taste&rsquo
finally, the lower/bitter fraction has a &lsquo
&lsquo
stuck to home, family and neighbors&rsquo
lifestyle and &lsquo
taste of necessity&rsquo
.
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Mayer, Annika [Verfasser], and Christiane [Akademischer Betreuer] Brosius. "Old-Age Home? Middle-Class Senior Citizens and New Elderscapes in Urban India / Annika Mayer ; Betreuer: Christiane Brosius." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1178009742/34.
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Paquet, Tarryn Nicole Kennedy. "On urban fear: privilege, symbolic violence, topophobia: the everyday experiences of middle-class women in Secunda, South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27414.
Full textAbstract:
I consider how the nature and meaning of space shape middle-class women's topophobia in the new town of Secunda (with a particular focus on symbolic violence). In Lefebvre's 'terrorist societies' fear becomes latent as citizens seek to maintain status quos which maintain systems of privilege. I demonstrate that one such system is white privilege. Secunda assists in maintaining these systems as its design draws heavily on Eurocentric values and new town 'best practices'. As a company town developed in reaction to international sanctions during apartheid, its design also resulted in the preservation of certain privileged groups. I argue that white privilege is a white problem and thus base my study on the (white) middle-class as a dominant group. I show that the identities of women (although traditionally viewed as passive and fearful) are diverse, falling both victim to and inflicting symbolic violence and topophobia. I focus on topophobia, or spatial fear, as fear affects us all and influences our shaping of urban space. The mutually reinforcing nature (abstract representations of the ideologies of planners) and meaning (infused through emotions, identities and power relations) of space are explored. I dispute the bias against emotion-based research that exists within planning, arguing that this has debilitating consequences for transformation. I suggest the use of intersecting emotion-spectra rather than the dichotomous approach conventionally taken by emotion research. A feminist ethnography is used with an iterative inductive research process engaging a variety of techniques, including digital/social media. My own multiple insider identities (of middle-class, white, English-Afrikaans woman, and planner) are used to critique systems of dominance. Findings highlight various forms of symbolic violence (in addition to white privilege) including codes of 'respectability' and 'purity', consumerism, fat talk, and persistent gender roles. Further, possible influences of dominant systems on space (particularly in reinforcing persistent social segregation in Secunda) are demonstrated. Symbolic violence can be used to deflect accountability, but this research shows that topophobia is a planning problem, worthy of consideration.
43
Mouton, Morgan. "Changement urbain sous tension : service électrique et modernité dans le Grand Manille." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC1155/document.
Full textAbstract:
La région métropolitaine de Manille connait, depuis la fin du XXème siècle, un «changement urbain». Par cette expression, on désigne un ensemble de phénomènes liés entre eux, qui comprend la consolidation de classes moyennes, l’implantation d’entreprises de services et le développement d’une économie orientée vers la consommation – cette dernière étant illustrée de manière frappante par la multiplication des centres commerciaux, des objets urbains structurants dans la région capitale philippine. Ces éléments se traduisent par une transformation de la morphologie urbaine, mais également par une internationalisation de l’économie et par l’émergence de nouveaux modes de vie. La thèse propose d’appréhender ce changement urbain dans le Grand Manille au regard du service électrique. Les phénomènes décrits ont en effet des implications majeures sur la question énergétique : accroissement substantiel de la demande d’électricité, exigences plus hautes quant à la fiabilité du service, nouvelles pratiques de planification et de déploiement de l’infrastructure. Mais la relation entre changement urbain et secteur électrique est à double sens, et l’on peut observer des tensions par rapport aux tarifs ou à la qualité du réseau, dans la mesure où ces éléments viennent contraindre les transformations économiques et sociales que connaît la capitale philippine. En mobilisant plusieurs courants de littérature — sur les classes moyennes, sur l’économie politique de la production urbaine, et sur les grands réseaux techniques —, la thèse permet d’interroger les évolutions socio-techniques du service électrique dans le Grand Manille. Pour ce faire, elle mobilise la notion de « modernité », qui permet d’appréhender les normes et représentations émergentes pour la fourniture du service. Partant, la thèse identifie les écarts entre les idéaux de modernité et les pratiques existantes. Ce faisant, elle analyse les tensions générées par ces dés-ajustements, et discute les enjeux d’universalisation du réseau, d’homogénéité de sa desserte, d’évolution de sa forme (grand réseau centralisé ou structure « post-réticulaire ») et d’adaptation aux contraintes environnementalesMetro Manila has been experiencing dramatic urban change since the end of the XXth cen- tury. By ‘urban change’, I designate a number of connected phenomena: the consolidation of middle classes, the rise of a service-led economy and a significant increase in domestic consumption – the latter being exemplified by the frenzied construction of gigantic shop- ping malls, which are structuring objects for the urban fabric. These phenomena have converging effects, which include the transformation of the city’s appearance, but also the internationalisation of its economy and the diffusion of new urban lifestyles.This dissertation suggests that studying the electricity service in Metro Manila is an instructive way to decipher urban change. Indeed, the transformations that the Philippine National Capital Region (NCR) is going through have major implications for the energy question: they lead to a dramatic increase in electricity demand, to higher expectations from end-users with regard to the quality of service, and to new practices of planning and laying down infrastructure. However, the relationship between urban change and the electricity service goes both ways. The electricity network is also putting a constraint on social and economic changes, as evidenced by the social tensions that can arise from such things as tariff hikes or network failures.By drawing upon different bodies of literature (i.e., on urban middle classes, on the political economy of urban production, and on large technical networks), the present dissertation examines the socio-technical evolutions that the electricity service is going through in Metro Manila. It uses the notion of ‘modernity’ in order to grasp the emerging norms and representations pertaining to electricity provision. From there, I identify discrepancies between the ideals of modernity and actually existing practices. In doing so, I analyse the tensions generated by such mismatches and discuss the issues of network universalisation, homogeneity of servicing, evolution of the network’s form (large, centralised system or "post-reticular" structure) and adaptation to environmental constraints
44
Das, Nabamita. "Processes of negotiating intimate heterosexual identities and relations : narratives of three generations of urban middle-class Bengalis living in Kolkata, India." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4642/.
Full textAbstract:
Through interview generated narratives of subjects of three generations of urban middle-class Bengalis living in Kolkata, India and other auto-ethnographic narrative texts; this research seeks to examine generation, gender and class specific meanings of intimate heterosexual identities and relations. It focuses on the ways in which subjects negotiate institutionalized heterosexuality or hetero-normativity within everyday practices of intimacy. Subjects’ on-going negotiations that tell stories of multiple and contradictory subjectivities, are analysed to show how personal narratives of intimacy vary across a range of conflicting and competing colonialist, nationalist and trans-nationalist discourses of heterosexuality. Through analysing stories of homosocial intimacy, heterosexual coupling and expressions of intimacy; the research examines the power and vulnerability of ‘doing gender’, illustrates how ‘practices of intimacy’ overlap with ‘family practices’ and demonstrates that expressions of intimacy are socially ordered and linguistically mediated. The research critiques the ‘individualization thesis’ of reflexive modernization by showing how practices of intimacy are socio-culturally embedded within family relations, both real and imagined. By appreciating multiple meanings of power and agency, it also critiques a colonial-modernist notion of linear progress by illustrating the shifting meaning and the mutual co-constitution of the categories of ‘past’ and ‘present’, ‘tradition’ and ‘modern’, ‘East’ and ‘West’.
45
Siler, Donald Shawn. "VOICES IN THE HALL: A BLACK MALE STUDENT CENTERED EXAMINATION OF ENGAGEMENT IN AN URBAN MIDDLE SCHOOL ART CLASS." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/346347.
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Urban EducationPh.D.
This study examined the experiences and perceptions of black male middle school students in an urban visual art class. Black male students have endured unequal educational outcomes such as dropping out of school at a higher rate than many of their peers of other races (NCES, 2013). Previous studies have shown that many students who have considered leaving school cite a lack of engagement in the education setting as one of the key reasons they attend school less and may eventually drop out (Yazzie-Mintz, 2010; Fredricks J. A., Blumenfeld, Friedel, & Paris, 2005). Research has also shown a correlation between high school dropout rates and student performance, attendance, and engagement in 8th grade (English, 2007; Yazzie-Mintz, 2010). Increased levels of engagement have also been shown to lead to improvements in student attendance, behavior and academic outcomes (Finn & Rock, 1997; Marks, 2000; Willingham, Pollack, & Lewis, 2002). The arts have long been seen as areas of study in which students show indications of increased engagement. The present study will add to this body of research by examining how black male students experience the art classroom and how such classes impact their overall sense of engagement. Data gathered for this study includes observations of student behaviors and interactions in their art classes. Five black male 8th grade students comprised the key study participants. Interviews were formulated to gain background information and to ascertain how the observed classroom setting was perceived from these students’ perspectives. Additional data was gathered from teacher interviews. This data provided a context for student analyzing perspectives. The literature for this study helped to explain the role engagement plays in educational outcomes, observable measures of engagement, the value of an increased emphasis on the arts for middle school students, discernible practices that differentiate arts classrooms from other classes, and the processes through which students make meaning of their experiences.
Temple University--Theses
46
Gangopadhyay, Monalisa. "Hindutva Meets Globalization: The Impact on Hindu Urban Media Women." FIU Digital Commons, 2010. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/305.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the impact of globalization and religious nationalism on the personal and professional lives of urban Hindu middle class media women. The research demonstrates how newly strengthened forces of globalization and Hindutva shape Indian womanhood. The research rests on various data that reveal how Indian women interpret and negotiate constructed identities. The study seeks to give voice to the objectified by scrutinizing and challenging the stereotypical modern faces of Indian womanhood seen in the narratives of globalization and Hindutva. Feminist open-ended interviewing was conducted in English and Hindi in New Delhi, the capital of India, with 23 Hindu women, employed by electronic and print media corporations. Accumulated data were analyzed and interpreted using feminist critical discourse analysis. Findings from the study indicate that while the Indian middle class women have embraced professional opportunities presented by globalization, they remain circumscribed by mutating gender politics. The research also finds that as academic and professional progress empower the women within their homes, their public lives have become fraught with increasing gender violence and decreasing recourse to justice. Therefore, women accept the power stratification of their lives as being dependent on spatial and temporal distinctions, and have learnt to engage and strategize with the public environment for physical safety and personal-professional progress. While the media women see systemic masculine domination as being symbiotic with tenets of religious nationalism, they exhibit an unquestioned embracing of capitalism/globalization as the means of empowerment. My research also strongly indicates the importance of the media’s role in shaping gender dynamics in a global context. In conclusion, my research shows the mediawomen’s immense agency in pursuing academic and professional careers while being aware of deeply ingrained gender roles through their strong commitment towards their families. The findings of this study contribute to the literature on Third World nationalism, urban globalization and understandings of reworked-renewed masculine domination. Finally, the study also engages with recent scholarship on the Indian middle class (See Nanda 2010; Shenoy 2009; Lukose 2005; and Radhakrishnan 2006) while simultaneously addressing the notions of privilege and disengagement levied at the middle class woman, a symbiosis of idealization and imprisonment.
47
Holt, Kathleen. "At home in the world : the American middle-class house as a twenty-first century public square." PDXScholar, 2008. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3982.
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Lewis, Andrea D. "Crossing Boundaries: Exploring Black Middle And Upper Class Preservice Teachers’ Perceptions Of Teaching And Learning In High Poverty Urban Schools." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/ece_diss/16.
Full textAbstract:
The intent of this study was to explore the perceptions of Black middle and upper class preservice teachers as they relate to teaching and learning in high poverty urban schools. Participants included 11 senior early childhood education preservice teachers at a historically Black college in the southeast region of the United States. The study was conducted using qualitative inquiry. Background questionnaires, individual interviews, and a group interview served as the data sources.
While there is an extensive body of knowledge focused on the increasing number of White preservice teachers who lack experience with students in diverse communities, there are limited studies pertaining to the perceptions of Black middle and upper class preservice teachers who may lack experience with students in high poverty urban schools. In the Black community, color and social class have been inexorably linked for generations. Social class is conceivably one of the most significant sources of inequality in schools and was one of the first factors, after intelligence, researched by scholars as a source of difference in achievement.
The study answered the following questions: (1) What are the perceptions of Black middle and upper class preservice teachers regarding teaching and learning in high poverty urban schools? (2) To what extent do Black middle and upper class preservice teachers believe they can be successful teachers in high poverty urban schools?
The data demonstrated that Black middle and upper class preservice teachers (a) prefer to teach in communities similar to their own school experiences; (b) believe students from high poverty urban schools can achieve at the same level as students in middle and upper class schools, but are uncertain of the value their informal knowledge brings to the classroom; (c) recognize effective teaching strategies and best practices in classroom instruction; and (d) have mixed feelings regarding their ability to connect with students and parents in high poverty urban schools. Implications from the study include expanding the scope of field experiences for Black middle and upper class preservice teachers in high poverty urban schools and recognizing Black middle and upper class preservice teachers in teacher education research.
49
Hobbs, Tatiana Skok. "A world-class city in the middle of the Steppe: Place marketing and the construction of an image of place in Astana, Kazakhstan." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28148.
Full textAbstract:
Place marketing has become one of the most popular methods used by urban elites and civic boosters to revitalize and re-image cities in order to project a world-class city image. However, case studies examined in the literature have primarily focused upon Western cities and thus conclusions with respect to place marketing's mechanisms and effects are limited. This thesis seeks to broaden the application of place marketing as a concept by using Astana, Kazakhstan as a case study. The thesis focuses upon evaluating place marketing as a concept to determine whether the construction and projection of a world-class city image of place through spectacular developments and entertainment facilities is truly a global practice. The research indicates that Astana is following the place marketing model seen in case studies of Western cities, especially with respect to the construction and projection of a world-class city image.
50
Batra, Renu. "Exploring Perceptions of Middle Class Urban Indian Women Regarding Socio-Cultural Deterrents Influencing Participation in Adult and Continuing Educational Programs." FIU Digital Commons, 2015. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2010.
Full textAbstract:
Unlike its childhood counterpart, adult and continuing education is a voluntary activity, where adult learners partake in educational programs for the sake of realizing some explicit or implicit goal. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between socio-cultural influences and deterrents to participation of middle class urban Indian women in adult and continuing educational programs. Darkenwald and Merriam’s (1982) theory of non-participation was selected as the theoretical lens used to guide this study.
This study involved collecting qualitative data to analyze participant views and was collected through 16 semi-structured interviews to explore participants’ individual perceptions concerning socio-cultural deterrents influencing participation of middle class urban Indian women in adult and continuing educational programs. Qualitative data were analyzed to discover emerging themes and sub-themes. In the second phase of the study, a modified Deterrent to Participation Scale – General (DPS-G) was used to measure data collected from the surveys completed by participants, that included specific demographic questions. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the relationships between the demographic questions and the deterrent identified on the DPS-G. The interview and survey data were used convergently to understand the relationship between socio-cultural influences and deterrents impacting participant participation in adult and continuing educational programs.
The findings of the study indicated that the biggest socio-cultural influence deterring participation among middle class urban Indian women in adult and continuing educational programs is marriage. It is an Indian social norm that comes with a set of pre-defined roles and expectations, and married women find themselves consumed by fulfilling the marital and familial expectations and responsibilities and participation in adult and continuing educational program is furthest from their mind. Middle class urban Indian women do realize the importance of educational pursuits, but do not feel that they can, after marriage. They are open, however, to pursuing adult educational programs in the form of short-term skill development programs leading to income generation, although they would lead primarily to home-based work enterprises.