Journal articles on the topic 'Urban Landscapes'
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1
Peterson, Cathleen A., L. Brooke McDowell, and Chris A. Martin. "286 Plant Life Form Frequency, Diversity, and Irrigation Application in Urban Residential Landscapes." HortScience 34, no. 3 (June 1999): 491E—491. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.3.491e.
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Heightened awareness of ecological concerns have prompted many municipalities to promote water conservation through landscape design. In central Arizona, urban residential landscapes containing desert-adapted plant species are termed xeriscapes, while those containing temperate or tropical species and turf are termed mesoscapes. Research was conducted to ascertain landscape plant species diversity, tree, shrub, and ground cover frequency; landscape canopy area coverage; and monthly irrigation application volumes for xeric and mesic urban residential landscapes. The residential urban landscapes were located in Tempe and Phoenix, Ariz., and all were installed initially between 1985 and 1995. Although species composition of xeric and mesic landscapes was generally dissimilar, both landscape types had comparable species diversity. Mesoscapes had significantly more trees and shrubs and about 2.3 times more canopy area coverage per landscaped area than xeriscapes. Monthly irrigation application volumes per landscaped surface area were higher for xeriscapes. Even though human preference for xeric landscape plants may be ecological in principle, use of desert-adapted species in central Arizona urban residential landscape settings might not result in less landscape water use compared with mesic landscapes.
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Wu, Yong-qiu, and Hong-wei Xiao. "Preservation and Utilization of Historical Sites: Construction of Urban Linear Culture Landscapes." Open House International 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2016-b0015.
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Many historical urban cultural landscapes are suffering the effect of rapid urban economic development. This paper integrally relates historical sites in dispersed and point-shape distributions in cities and proposes strategies and methods for constructing urban linear cultural landscapes. As such, our work aims to form urban cultural landscape communities with an organic and linear distribution. The urban linear cultural landscape is not only an important means for integrally protecting and utilizing historical sites in historical cities but is also a special type of urban cultural landscape. The urban linear cultural landscape’s extensive application can enrich the theory of cultural landscape and protection methods of urban cultural heritage.
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Gao, Shan, and Songfu Liu. "Exploration and Analysis of the Aesthetic Cognitive Schema of Contemporary Western Urban Landscapes." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 13, 2021): 5152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105152.
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The multidimensional iterative composition of urban landscapes and the formation mechanism of the aesthetic perception dimension are elucidated. The cognitive schema theory aims to reveal the intrinsic mechanism of urban landscape aesthetic activities. Using London as an empirical case to explore the representation and structure of urban landscape aesthetic, a cognitive schema, the cognitive map of its urban landscape, was constructed based on the qualitative analysis of the texts derived from travel notes. Eight aspects of urban landscapes, together with 21 representative concepts of cognitive schema closely related to aesthetic perception, indicate the structures and approaches people perceive in urban landscapes. This article provides experience and reference for urban landscape enhancement and related practices in China by studying the contemporary Western urban landscape.
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Kurnia, I., H. Arief, A. Mardiastuti, and R. Hermawan. "Urban landscape for birdwatching activities." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 879, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/879/1/012005.
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Abstract Urban landscapes are usually dominated by built spaces and human-made vegetation, which different from natural landscapes. This difference will affect the composition of birds that can be found in the urban landscape. For birdwatchers, birds are the main object in birdwatching activities. The objectives of this paper were to analyze the feasibility of urban landscapes for birdwatching activities and find out the characteristics of urban landscapes favored by birdwatchers in four cities in Java (Bogor, Sukabumi, Bandung, and Surabaya). Birdwatchers’ site preference and perception were surveyed through online questionnaires in February through May 2020 (n=1,247 respondents). Surveyed data revealed that birdwatching sites’ size varied between 0.05 and 76.82 ha, mainly urban forests and city parks. Most of the urban landscape was habitat to various bird species typical of the urban landscape (e.g., Eurasian tree-sparrow, Cave swiftlet, Black-headed Bulbul). Raptors (e.g., Black-thighed Falconet) are found in several locations. Among the respondents, 25 % (n=309) had previously conducted birdwatching activities in urban landscapes, while 72.0% (n=808) expressed their interest in birdwatching in urban landscapes, indicating that urban landscapes was feasible for birdwatching. The most favorite locations were the Bogor Botanical Gardens, Darmaga Research Forest (both in Bogor), Merdeka Field Park, Cikundul Agrotourism Area (Sukabumi), Bandung Zoo, Babakan Siliwangi City Forest (Bandung), Bungkul Park, and Flora Park (Surabaya). Characteristics of sites favored by birdwatchers were a shady area, not noisy location, and any facilities for birdwatching. The diversity of bird species did not became the main reason.
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Savytska, Olena, and Natalia Korogoda. "The use of electronic map “natural basis of Kyiv city landscapes” in the studies on urban aesthetic resources." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 48 (December 23, 2014): 292–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2014.48.1353.
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Use of electronic landscape map in the study of aesthetic resources of the urban environment is an important component in study of landscape of the modern city. These maps are the basis for the organization of various GIS applications. Electronic maps which containing information about a natural basis of urban landscapes can be used for effectively management of the urban areas, environmental design and environmental protection. Key words: GIS, electronic map of landscapes, urban landscapes, aesthetic resources.
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Al-Ajlouni, Malik G., Dawn M. VanLeeuwen, Michael N. DeMers, and Rolston St. Hilaire. "A Method to Quantitatively Classify Residential Urban Landscapes in a Desert Environment." HortTechnology 23, no. 4 (August 2013): 474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.23.4.474.
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The apparent heterogeneity of human-generated materials in residential urban landscapes sustains concerns that the quantitative classification of urban residential landscapes is impossible. The objective of this research was to develop a method to quantitatively classify urban residential landscapes in a desert environment. Using a purposive sampling procedure, we studied the landscapable area around each of 54 residential homes in Las Cruces, NM. All materials in the landscape were identified, measured, and categorized. Using 30% as the cutoff to indicate that a material was dominant in the landscape, we classified 93% of all landscapes into nine common landscape types. Mulch-dominant landscapes were the most common, and landscape types differed between front- and backyards. Shrubs did not feature prominently in any of the common landscape types. Our classification method clearly identifies multiple landscape types, and for the first time, provides quantitative evidence that landscape types are distributed differently in front- and backyard landscapes in the desert environment of Las Cruces. Information on common landscape types will be valuable to landscape horticulturists wanting to craft water conservation plans that are landscape specific if the common landscape type can be linked to a landscape water budget.
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HLUKHOTA, Vitalii, and Serhii SHEVCHUK. "GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS OF URBAN LANDSCAPES IN THE CITY OF POLTAVA." Ekonomichna ta Sotsialna Geografiya, no. 89 (2023): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2413-7154/2023.89.21-30.
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Research on urbanization processes and the development of urban landscapes is extremely relevant in the context of political, economic, and socio-cultural reforms that are taking place in modern-day Ukraine. Based on historical patterns, it should be noted that cities have always been at the forefront of social transformation, and urbanization processes reflect profound structural shifts in the economic and social spheres of society. This can be clearly seen in the study of the peculiarities of the formation and development of urban landscapes in Poltava. The complexity, problematic nature, and comprehensiveness of studying modern urban landscapes lie in the fact that the urban space is a territorial complex that includes transportation, recreational, technogenic, anthropogenic, water management, sacred, agricultural landscapes, objects of multi-level residential development, and more. The study of urban landscapes in Poltava will have practical significance for understanding the problems of city development, its economic, social, planning, resource, and infrastructure base. The study highlights the main issues related to the essence of urban landscapes, analyzes contemporary research in the field of general and anthropogenic landscape science, as well as geourbanistics, and indicates its distinction from urban-rural landscapes. The article defines the criteria for distinguishing urban landscapes and proposes its own typology. The physical-geographical and socio-geographical factors influencing the formation of urban landscapes in Poltava are characterized. The classification of urban landscapes in Poltava is carried out using GIS and remote sensing methods, with the use of QGIS software and the dzetsaka plugin. The following types are distinguished: multi-story industrial, low-rise rural with insignificant vegetation cover, low-rise rural with predominant vegetation cover, garden-park with agrolandscapes and aqua-landscapes. Based on the obtained data, the urban landscape zoning of Poltava is carried out, where the following are identified: multi-story industrial and low-rise rural with garden-park and agrolandscapes, multi-story industrial and low-rise rural with insignificant vegetation cover, low-rise rural with insignificant vegetation cover and multi-story rural with garden-park and aqua-landscapes. It is noted that further research on urban landscapes of the city should be conducted using satellite imagery with higher spatial resolution.
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Ionkin, K. V. "DYNAMICS OF URBAN LANDSCAPE (BY THE EXAMPLE OF KHABAROVSK)." Regional problems 25, no. 3 (2022): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31433/2618-9593-2022-25-3-25-27.
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A map of the current state of urban landscapes has been compiled, taking into account the transformation of natural landscapes. Within the urban area, there defined 1774 separate landscape areas belonging to 5 rows, of which 14 genera are distinguished according to the nature of their anthropogenic modification. The author has determined the features of changes in the spatial structure of urban landscapes.
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Cheng, Yue, Jiayin Chen, Jiajia Tang, Wenbo Xu, Dong Lv, and Xuan Xiao. "Urban Landscape Perception Research Based on the ERP Method: A Case Study of Jingdezhen, China." Buildings 14, no. 4 (April 1, 2024): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14040962.
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Within the rapidly growing urban tourism industry, the development of urban landscapes plays a crucial role in shaping a city’s image and competitiveness; however, standardized and mismatched landscapes often have a negative impact, highlighting the importance of assessing urban landscape perceptions. Although existing studies have discussed this through subjective questionnaires and physiological methods, the underlying neural mechanisms have not been thoroughly explored. The research focuses on Jingdezhen, a renowned historical and cultural city in China, as its case study. Utilized the event-related potential (ERP) method to explore individuals’ perceptual consistency and neural activity toward different types of urban landscapes. We adopted a 2 (landscape type: historical, modern) X 2 (perceptual match: consistent, inconsistent) within-subject design while recording behavioral data and electrophysiological responses. The results showed that, under any condition, there were no significant differences in people’s behavioral data. Neurophysiological results indicate that consistent perceptions of modern landscapes elicited greater P200 responses, suggesting increased attention driven by visual aesthetics and emotional activation. Under conditions of perceptual inconsistency, historical landscapes elicited higher N400 amplitudes than modern landscapes, revealing cognitive conflict and effort. This study demonstrates that P200 and N400 components are effective indicators for assessing urban perception, proving the viability of the event-related potential method in urban landscape research. Additionally, the research reveals the neural mechanisms of urban environmental perception from the early stages of attention and emotional distribution to the later stages of cognitive decision-making, which involve cognitive processes from “bottom-up” to “top-down”. This study not only provides a reference for efficient design planning for those involved in urban science but also inspires the coordination between the developmental needs of historical and modern urban landscapes. Moreover, it offers a new perspective for an interdisciplinary approach to urban perception assessment.
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Clemmensen, Thomas Juel, Morten Daugaard, and Tom Nielsen. "Qualifying urban landscapes." JoLA - Journal of Landscape Architecture 2010, no. 10 (November 2010): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3939/jola.2010.2010.10.24.
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Ruiz de Gopegui, María. "Urban energy landscapes." Urban Research & Practice 13, no. 3 (May 2, 2020): 358–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17535069.2020.1760570.
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Clemmensen, Thomas Juel, Morten Daugaard, and Tom Nielsen. "Qualifying urban landscapes." Journal of Landscape Architecture 5, no. 2 (September 2010): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/18626033.2010.9723436.
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Batty, Michael. "Polynucleated Urban Landscapes." Urban Studies 38, no. 4 (April 2001): 635–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420980120035268.
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St. Hilaire, Rolston, Dawn M. VanLeeuwen, and Patrick Torres. "Landscape Preferences and Water Conservation Choices of Residents in a High Desert Environment." HortTechnology 20, no. 2 (April 2010): 308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.2.308.
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We surveyed homeowners with residential landscapes in Santa Fe, NM, to determine their attitudes toward high desert plants and to assess their preferences for urban landscapes and water conservation strategies in a high desert urban environment. While there was low acceptance for the traditional turf lawn, 64% of residents agreed that high desert plants provided the variety they needed in their residential landscapes and 92% of residents would use high desert plants to landscape their front yard. Homeowners had a strong preference for retaining their current desert landscapes and converting traditional landscapes to high desert-adapted landscapes. Logistic regression revealed a negative relationship between length of residency in the southwestern United States and the willingness to use high desert plants. When homeowners who irrigated their landscape were asked whether water shortages, environmental concerns, information on water, city regulations, high water bills, or water rate increases would cause them to use less water on their landscapes, the highest level of agreement (94%) was for water shortages. Eighty-eight percent of respondents agreed that they liked any type of landscape that contains interesting features and is well planned. We conclude that homeowners have a preference for desert-adapted landscapes and agree that high desert plants provide an adequate palette of plants for urban landscapes. Additionally, the length of residency in the southwestern U.S. and the possibility of water shortages have the potential to impact water conservation strategies in high desert urban landscapes.
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Castán Broto, Vanesa, and Martín Sanzana Calvet. "Sacrifice zones and the construction of urban energy landscapes in Concepción, Chile." Journal of Political Ecology 27, no. 1 (April 12, 2020): 279–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v27i1.23059.
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This article examines how national energy policies in Chile constitute urban energy landscapes characterized by environmental and spatial inequalities. The concept of urban energy landscapes is deployed to explain the spatial patterns resulting from energy governance and energy conflicts in the metropolitan area of Concepción, a metropolitan region of strategic importance in the configuration of national energy policy. These urban energy landscapes result from the constitution of 'sacrifice zones' that reflect an extractivist model of energy production. The combination of qualitative interviews and transect walks reveals different aspects of a dual arrangement of energy infrastructure and urbanization. The city's fragmented landscapes emerge from the coexistence of energy infrastructure and associated industries, with daily activities of communities that have little to do with these industries but live in their shadow. Conflicts in these urban energy landscapes are intense, with every inch of space contested by competing modes of 'being urban.' The urban energy landscape in Concepción is an expression of a clash of social and economic power with local priorities.Keywords: urban energy landscapes, industrial landscapes, sacrifice zones, energy conflicts, coal energy, Chile
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Alizadeh, Sima, Minoo Sadeghi, and Aldrin Abdullah. "Assessing The Impact of Personality Characteristics on Students’ Visual Perception for Landscapes." EMARA: Indonesian Journal of Architecture 3, no. 1 (September 18, 2017): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.29080/emara.2017.3.1.23-32.
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As landscape plays a crucial role in people’s lives, it is of great importance that landscape is designed based on people’s interest. Therefore, identification of the landscapes that people prefer and the factors that influence their perception are imperative. This research attempts to investigate the contribution of personality characteristics towards students’ landscape perception in Isfahan, Iran. In this aspect, students’ characteristics of extroversion/ introversion, intelligence, and creativity were measured by using Cattell’s 16PF Questionnaire. Also, the respondents were asked to express their feeling of satisfaction and happiness towards six common landscape types of Iran, by rating 30 images of mountainous, urban, forest, desert, water, and farmland landscapes. The results of Pearson Correlation Coefficient indicated that extroverted students have a greater feeling for both mountainous and urban landscapes than introverts. Also, less creative students preferred mountainous, urban, and farmland landscapes. Moreover, perception for farmland landscape was negatively correlated with intelligence among students.
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Alizadeh, Sima, Minoo Sadeghi, and Aldrin Abdullah. "Assessing The Impact of Personality Characteristics on Students’ Visual Perception for Landscapes." EMARA: Indonesian Journal of Architecture 3, no. 1 (September 18, 2017): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.29080/emara.v3i1.95.
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As landscape plays a crucial role in people’s lives, it is of great importance that landscape is designed based on people’s interest. Therefore, identification of the landscapes that people prefer and the factors that influence their perception are imperative. This research attempts to investigate the contribution of personality characteristics towards students’ landscape perception in Isfahan, Iran. In this aspect, students’ characteristics of extroversion/ introversion, intelligence, and creativity were measured by using Cattell’s 16PF Questionnaire. Also, the respondents were asked to express their feeling of satisfaction and happiness towards six common landscape types of Iran, by rating 30 images of mountainous, urban, forest, desert, water, and farmland landscapes. The results of Pearson Correlation Coefficient indicated that extroverted students have a greater feeling for both mountainous and urban landscapes than introverts. Also, less creative students preferred mountainous, urban, and farmland landscapes. Moreover, perception for farmland landscape was negatively correlated with intelligence among students.
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Çavdar Sert, Selin, and Funda Baş Bütüner. "The Changing landscapes of Ankara." Ekistics and The New Habitat 80, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.53910/26531313-e2020801482.
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This article offers a critical reading of the changing landscapes of Ankara, exposing the still existing potential for framing integrative urban strategy-making. Ankara has undergone intense urban expansion since the 1950s, and like other cities, it is still dealing with large scale construction/destruction engendering dramatic landscape loss in various contexts and scales. Although change in the landscape is typical of urbanization, nature and landscape were largely undervalued in the implementation of urban development strategies in Ankara. Contradicting per capita green space policies, the well-structured urban landscape, including both natural and planned/designed landscapes from the Republican Period were fragmented and reduced. Valleys creating corridors for fresh air and offering a reserve for agriculture were engulfed by squatter houses, then by new housing projects; streams, defining a blue infrastructure accompanied by fertile lands were partially covered over or canalized. Furthermore, the landscape heritage of the early Republican Period, which played a key role in the modernization of societal and urban life, was also undervalued, while the urban park system has been diminished. This article identifies representative examples of fragmentation and loss of the landscape fabric, as well as the latent potential of the landscape to articulate a sustainability agenda for Ankara.
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Yue, zixuan. "The role of regional culture in the urban landscape of the embankment." Культура и искусство, no. 2 (February 2024): 78–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0625.2024.2.43616.
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As an important aspect of urban development, urban waterfront landscapes not only serve as significant reflections of the urban image, but are also key factors in attracting tourists and stimulating the development of the tourism industry. As the exclusive cultural resources of the city, regional culture plays an important role in the design of urban coastal landscapes. This article examines the integration of regional culture and the design of urban embankment landscapes and presents several aspects that require careful attention in the design process. Specifically, designers should study local regional cultural elements in detail and introduce them into the urban waterfront landscape so that people can appreciate the uniqueness and significance of local culture. In addition, in the design, it is necessary to carefully consider the scale, amenities and related services of the city in order to create a comfortable, unique and multicultural urban waterfront landscape. This article also offers recommendations for overcoming limitations and future research, as well as discusses market prospects and the commercial value of this design and operational model of urban embankment landscapes, primarily satisfying the spiritual and cultural needs of people. In this paper, proposals and measures are proposed to integrate regional culture into the landscape design of urban embankments in order to create more distinctive, comfortable and pleasant to perceive landscapes of urban embankments. Thanks to the rational use of local culture in combination with the needs of tourists and local residents, it is possible to satisfy various cultural features and needs by creating a landscape design of the city embankment, rich in diverse cultural impressions. In the future, such landscape design and the mode of operation of city embankments, aimed mainly at meeting the spiritual and cultural needs of people, has great prospects for development.
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Egerer, Monika, and Elsa Anderson. "Social-Ecological Connectivity to Understand Ecosystem Service Provision across Networks in Urban Landscapes." Land 9, no. 12 (December 18, 2020): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9120530.
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Landscape connectivity is a critical component of dynamic processes that link the structure and function of networks at the landscape scale. In the Anthropocene, connectivity across a landscape-scale network is influenced not only by biophysical land use features, but also by characteristics and patterns of the social landscape. This is particularly apparent in urban landscapes, which are highly dynamic in land use and often in social composition. Thus, landscape connectivity, especially in cities, must be thought of in a social-ecological framework. This is relevant when considering ecosystem services—the benefits that people derive from ecological processes and properties. As relevant actors move through a connected landscape-scale network, particular services may “flow” better across space and time. For this special issue on dynamic landscape connectivity, we discuss the concept of social-ecological networks using urban landscapes as a focal system to highlight the importance of social-ecological connectivity to understand dynamic urban landscapes, particularly in regards to the provision of urban ecosystem services.
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Yusuf, Danjuma Abdu, Jie Zhu, Sadiq Abdullahi Nashe, Abdullahi Muhammad Usman, Abdullahi Sagir, Adamu Yukubu, Abdulmalik Sule Hamma, Namadi Sharif Alfa, and Abubakar Ahmed. "A Typology for Urban Landscape Progression: Toward a Sustainable Planning Mechanism in Kano Metropolis, Nigeria." Urban Science 7, no. 2 (March 30, 2023): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/urbansci7020036.
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The significance of urban landscapes in the current era of concern for a sustainable built environment can never be overemphasized. The study explores the landscape features and typologies of some urban environments within Kano to understand the management effectiveness of urban landscapes in the Kano metropolitan area. At least two wards were purposively selected each from the eight metropolitan local government areas due to their urban landscape and land use. Focus group discussion (FGD) sessions were carried out through with prominent elders and “Masu Unguwanni” (village/ward heads) of each of the sampled wards as well as direct assessments of their physical characteristics to justify the general landscape progression in support of documentation for the present and future generation. The study unveils the layout typology, the scenic points and the ecological and cultural landscapes in the sampled districts. It further reveals that the historic urban forms in Kano are degrading with time, or rather not following the course of sustainability, as the physical surroundings satisfy the immediate needs of the communities. However, the study suggests increasing the awareness of Kano’s urban landscape preservation and the 2011 UNESCO proposal implementation on Historic Urban Landscapes (HUL). Then, the study discourages unhealthy developments within Kano Metropolis and the entire state. It also recommends landscape architects be part and parcel of planning schemes for controlling and regulating urban development via the formal practice of land allocation, land acquisition, building codes, design, planning and construction.
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Hara, Keitarou, and Masayuki Nemoto. "Landscape Ecology for Urban and/or Rural Landscapes." Landscape Ecology and Management 10, no. 2 (2006): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5738/jale.10.59.
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Golubić, Stjepko, and Bojana Bojanić Obad Šćitaroci. "Greenequality - Determination of Socio-Spatial Urban Landscape Typology." Prostor 26, no. 2 (56) (December 21, 2018): 258–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31522/p.26.2(56).4.
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This paper explores the history of limitations in use and accessibility of city landscapes. Case study analysis covers six examples of parks and residential square gardens. Mutual comparison offers a new socio-spatial urban landscape typology, which precedes the selection of models of rehabilitation for city landscapes. The results show that designed landscapes are used not only to mitigate, but also to intensify socio-spatial inequality.
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Kvashuk, Yuliia. "THE STRUCTURE OF ANTHROPOGENIC LANDSCAPES OF NOVHOROD-SIVERSKYI." Technical Sciences and Technologies, no. 4(30) (2022): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2022-4(30)-195-200.
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Eachcity with certain physical-geographical conditions and economic activity of the population is a unique combination of various types of anthropogenic landscapes with natural centers that form the human habitat.Highlighting the structure of anthropogenic landscapes of the urban system allows to develop mechanisms of rational land use and functional zoning of a city. The main features for highlighting anthropogenic landscapes are the type of infrastructure, the presence of artificial surfaces,water bodies, vegetation, infills nature, etc.The analysis of research and publications in this direction showed the perspective of the spatial representation of anthropogenic landscapes of Ukrainian cities with the aim of developing the principles of preserving the ecological balance of territories.The purpose of the article is to present the results of mapping the landscape-urban structure of Novhorod-Siverskyi.The work was performed using modern software and methodical approaches for highlighting andclassification of anthropogenic landscapes in the conditions of an urbanized environment.During the study of the urban system of Novhorod-Siverskyi, 14 types of landscapes were identified, their functional purpose was clarified, the spatial arrangement of taxonomic units of the landscape-urban structure of the city was reproduced, the constituent elements of anthropogenic landscapes were singled out, and the influencing factors on the formation of certain types of landscapes were analyzed.
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VAN MARREWIJK, DRÉ. "Stedelijk werelderfgoed en de Historic Urban Landscape-benadering in Nederland." Tijdschrift voor Historische Geografie 4, no. 3 (January 1, 2019): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/thg2019.3.002.marr.
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Urban World Heritage and the Historic Urban Landscape approach in the Netherlands Within the category of cultural landscapes on the UNESCO World Heritage List the ‘continuing urban landscapes’ are a small but interesting group of sites. This group consists of urban and suburban areas (‘urban landscapes’) with outstanding historical and heritage values, while at the same time they are characterized by a high degree of spatial dynamics. Many developments take place that lead to change of the environment. Rio de Janeiro, the mining landscape of Nord-Pas de Calais and the Italian Amalfi coast near Naples are examples of these urban cultural landscapes on the World Heritage List. Next to these sites, there are urban World Heritage sites that formally are no cultural landscapes, but have similar characteristics. Historical city centers of Rome or Bruges, the Amsterdam canal ring or Speicherstadt in Hamburg are comparably stretched out and have comparable values. These sites are confronted with similar challenges with respect to conservation and management of change. The obligation to preserve the outstanding universal value of the site could become under pressure. This surely is the case in some urban and suburban World Heritage sites in the Kingdom of the Netherlands: Amsterdam Canal Ring, Defence Line of Amsterdam and Willemstad, Curaçao. The World Heritage status requires a strict management of the site. UNESCO’S Historic Urban Landscape approach can be helpful to make preservation and development compatible. In this article the opportunities and dilemmas of the HUL and ICOMOS’S role in it are discussed. A stronger emphasize on HUL when reviewing developments in urban World Heritage sites is advocated.
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Chaggar, Meriem, and Mohsen Boubaker. "FRAGMENTATION AND DEGRADATION OF THE URBAN LANDSCAPE IN HERGLA, TUNISIA." International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 5, no. 12 (March 23, 2020): 60–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v5.i12.2018.329.
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This research proposes to identify the factors of the urban landscapes degradation in Hergla’s city (Tunisia) according on the citizen participation. It is based on the survey method which is developed around two axes: the citizen perception of urban landscapes and the factors of their degradation. According to the responses obtained, "the sea" represents the particular value of the landscapes identified as "quality" in Hergla. Citizens don’t appreciate landscapes of urban sprawl which makes the city lose its identity. Moreover, the lack of citizen participation in the urban actions and the non-observance of the urban regulations are the most cited factors of the landscape degradation. These results highlight the importance of involving the citizens in the planning process for a sustainable territory.
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Cabrera, Raul I., Kevin L. Wagner, and Benjamin Wherley. "An evaluation of urban landscape water use in Texas." Texas Water Journal 4, no. 2 (August 26, 2013): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21423/twj.v4i2.6992.
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Irrigated agriculture is the largest user of water in Texas, followed by urban-municipal uses, which has landscape irrigation as its largest component. Data from various sources were used to estimate the extent of the state’s urban landscaped area and its associated water use. The statewide area in golf courses is estimated at 115,000 acres, while 1,608,399 acres are ascribed to managed landscapes and lawns. While the total annual water use by golf courses is estimated at 0.364 million acre-feet, the volume projected for the landscape sector ranges from a low of 1.898 million acre-feet to a high of 4.021 million acre-feet. The sum of water use by golf courses with the low-end estimate for landscapes would represent 46.6% of the total use within the urban/municipal water sector and 12.6% of the total annual demand by all activities in Texas during 2010. This effectively positions urban irrigation as the state’s third largest water user, after agricultural irrigation and other urban uses. Strategies and practices that can significantly conserve (reduce) water use for urban landscape irrigation include water-conserving native and adaptive plant materials, weather- and sensor-guided irrigation, deficit irrigation practices, and use of alternative (saline/brackish, reclaimed, and graywater) water sources. Citation: Cabrera RI, Wagner KL, Wherley B. 2013. An evaluation of urban landscape water use in Texas. Texas Water Journal. 4(2):14-27. Available from: https://doi.org/10.21423/twj.v4i2.6992.
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Scharenbroch, Bryant, and John Lloyd. "Particulate Organic Matter and Soil Nitrogen Availability in Urban Landscapes." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 32, no. 4 (July 1, 2006): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.2006.024.
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Toward developing nitrogen management in amenity tree care, we studied soil organic matter, microbial biomass, and carbon and nitrogen mineralization in an attempt to characterize the plant available nitrogen under a variety of landscape management conditions. Fine particulate organic matter (POM) fractions were significantly correlated with microbial biomass, carbon mineralization, and nitrogen mineralization (R 2values ranging from 0.42 to 0.89). These urban landscapes were assigned a site quality index based on landscape age and management practices. Fine POM, microbial biomass N, and N mineralization were significantly and positively correlated with the site quality index (R 2values of 0.86, 0.90, and 0.84, respectively). We propose that with refinement and further testing, a fine POM measurement can be used to accurately predict soil nitrogen availability in urban landscapes. This research shows that urban landscapes are quite variable in terms of nitrogen availability. As a result of this variability, we recommend that urban landscapes be assessed on a per-site basis for proper nitrogen management.
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Shober, Amy L., Geoffrey C. Denny, and Timothy K. Broschat. "Management of Fertilizers and Water for Ornamental Plants in Urban Landscapes: Current Practices and Impacts on Water Resources in Florida." HortTechnology 20, no. 1 (February 2010): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.20.1.94.
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Rapid population growth and urbanization in Florida have increased the number of urban landscapes that receive fertilization and irrigation. Consequently, maintenance of these landscapes may contribute to water shortages and water quality degradation. This article 1) describes the current fertilizer and water use practices that are used by homeowners and landscape professionals; 2) summarizes the research related to nutrient and water use by landscape plants; and 3) provides an overview of the critical issues that should be considered as we evaluate the need for improved management of water and nutrients in urban landscapes.
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Xiao, Xiaomin, Qiaoru Ye, and Xiaobin Dong. "Using Importance–Performance Analysis to Reveal Priorities for Multifunctional Landscape Optimization in Urban Parks." Land 13, no. 5 (April 23, 2024): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13050564.
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In the context of urban renewal, residents have presented elevated expectations for the quality of urban parks, necessitating the optimization of parks’ multifunctional landscapes. Transforming residents’ preferences for landscape services into a prioritized index for multifunctional landscape renewal poses a significant challenge. This study addresses this research gap by integrating importance–performance analysis (IPA) with residents’ perception evaluations of landscape services. We establish an index system to evaluate perceptions of urban park landscape services. By employing the importance–performance analysis framework, we identify landscape service types that exhibit high importance but low satisfaction levels, thereby establishing priorities for multifunctional landscape renewal. Using Guangzhou’s urban parks as a case study, our findings reveal variations in users’ demands for different landscape services and differences in demand among various user groups for similar services. Users assign utmost importance to safety services while expressing the highest satisfaction with physical and mental health or microclimate regulation services. Significant disparities exist between middle-aged/elderly groups and young people regarding perceptions of social interaction, waste disposal, and sense of belonging services. Our results demonstrate that IPA analysis can elucidate priorities for multifunctional landscape renewal, facilitate public participation in improving urban park landscapes, and provide decision-making support for optimizing these landscapes.
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Zhang, Fan, Xiumin Sun, Chang Liu, and Bing Qiu. "Effects of Urban Landmark Landscapes on Residents’ Place Identity: The Moderating Role of Residence Duration." Sustainability 16, no. 2 (January 16, 2024): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16020761.
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Landmark landscapes, as visual representations of cities, are readily identifiable to urban residents. Observing and visiting these landscapes fosters a cultural connection and identity with the locale, enhances urban character, and promotes tourism. A place’s identity is instrumental in urban development and improvement. Urban planners and managers should thus prioritize fostering residents’ place identity within city environments. In this study, we explored the influence of landmark landscapes on the place identity of residents in Nanjing—a rapidly urbanizing city with both historic and modern districts. Our methodology included on-site surveys and the application of a structural equation model to discern the relationships between various landmark landscape elements and place identity. The findings revealed the following: (1) landmark landscapes positively influence residents’ construction of place identity; (2) the characteristics, function, and historical–cultural importance of these landmark landscapes contribute to place identity formation; and (3) the duration of residence moderates the relationship between historical–cultural importance and place identity. These insights elucidate the role of landmark landscapes in shaping place identity, which in turn enhances urban characteristics and bolsters residents’ sense of belonging. The strategic planning and design of landmark landscapes are instrumental in building public consensus, fostering distinctive urban characteristics, and strengthening residents’ sense of identity, thereby catalyzing tourism development.
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Oumelkheir, Boukratem, and Djelal Nadia. "Assessment process in the delimitation of historic urban landscape of Algiers by AHP." Miscellanea Geographica 25, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 110–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mgrsd-2020-0053.
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Abstract This research paper covers the way in which landscape delimitation is carried out in a historic urban area context. Landscape delimitation, in this case, explores the relationship between landscape considerations in the urban and heritage planning system in Algeria. The characterisation of the historic urban landscape is challenged by various types of values. The landscape assessment of the central urban historic area of Algiers was focused on its beauty configuration using the AHP multi-criteria method, supported by values obtained through GIS. Various delimitation alternatives of the historical urban landscape are assessed. Distinctive landscapes emerge, moving away from the original historic urban landscape, which is strictly related to the context of the casbah. Spatial landscape delimitation is the means by which the connecting values of the landscape and their interconnections are managed by monitoring problems of fragmentation and ensuring their interaction at the different boundaries. Urban planning must necessarily incorporate landscapes boundaries into the decision-making processes for the conservation of value connections and managing its beauty configuration.
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Ismail, Nor Atiah, and Mohd Yazid Mohd Yunos. "Cross-Cultural Ethnic Identity in Urban Residential Area: An Epistemology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 747 (March 2015): 172–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.747.172.
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Aresidential landscape is one expression of the intrinsic and cognitive values of a relationship between humans and their environment. Experiential and phenomenological landscapes are established when people shape their living environment; in turn they are shaped and constructed by this living environment. Landscape alteration is one of the responses to the feelings of “outsideness” during the post-occupancy period. This paper will provide an understanding of the landscape alteration phenomenon in urban residential housing and the landscape values embodied by these altered landscapes.
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Sadkovskaya, Oksana. "METHODS OF RENOVATION OF LOW-RISE RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH LANDSCAPE RECULTIVATION (ON THE EXAMPLE OF ROSTOV REGION)." Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии, no. 2(26) (July 1, 2019): 43–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-26-2-43-58.
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One of major factors of deterioration in a microclimate of urban development in the conditions of the Rostov region, is degradation of landscapes owing to violation of water balance of the territory. In article the main reasons for violation of water balance which included natural features of the region, a consequence of anthropogenic influence, climatic changes, etc. are considered. Examples from the world practice of urban planning, which show the relevance and effectiveness of compensation for the effects of anthropogenic im-pacts and climate change using planning methods, are given. The experience of the United States, the Nether-lands, Canada and other countries that use water-saving technologies in planning is considered. The rela-tionship of urban planning and the formation of sustainable urban landscapes is shown. The integration of water-saving technologies into the urban environment can be a means of optimizing landscapes and a means of creating unique urban spaces. Reclamation of the urban landscape of low-rise buildings is a necessary step in creating a modern and comfortable urban environment in the conditions of the Rostov region. Meth-ods are proposed to compensate for negative changes in urban landscapes that can be applied at the stage of urban planning. As well as the proposed methods can be applied in the reconstruction of urban low-rise buildings. The considered methods concern not only urban landscapes, but also agricultural landscapes that surround small and medium-sized cities of the Rostov region. In article the author's concept of the organiza-tion of the low housing estate on a basis Urban- facies is submitted. Planning methods of regulation of water balance of the territory on the basis of models the ecological protective of landscapes are offered: an ecolog-ical core, an ecological corridor and an ecological barrier and also analogs from town-planning practice are considered. The reclamation of urban landscapes based on urban planning methods for regulating the water balance of the territory will allow creating unique urban spaces that are resistant to local climatic conditions and the possible consequences of climate change.
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Gao, Wei, Gengyu Chen, Fanying Jiang, Jiake Shen, and Yuncai Wang. "To Act or Not to Act: Are Natural Landscapes a Key Force in the Resilience of Historic Urban Landscapes?" Sustainability 13, no. 18 (September 16, 2021): 10356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131810356.
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Ignoring the function of natural landscapes in the rapid development of urbanization, and especially in the conservation of historic urban landscapes, is still obvious today, and this has caused a large decrease in natural space, loss of habitats, and an increase in disasters. The resilience of a whole city and parts of it, such as historic urban areas where the historical process of man and nature have been recorded, as well as the interaction between nature, economy, and culture, is not strong enough to maintain the stability of urban ecosystems. It is misleading to think that the resilience can be built in a historic urban area without a natural landscape. We question whether this is true. Using a semantic differential analysis method from a historical perspective, this paper aims to answer this question through research on the correlation between resilience and man and nature through a case study of Yudai Trench historic urban landscape in Guangzhou, a historic urban area with 1000 years of history. A total of 212 pieces of evidence were extracted from 59 historical sources. The results showed that the cultural and economic conditions were in the same step and cycles as nature, which were influenced strongly by climate change, and that the natural landscape has a correlation on and is a dominant force in the resilience of historic urban landscapes.
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Lavryk, О. D., R. P. Vlasenko, Т. V. Andriychuk, and V. S. Kostyuk. "Urban landscape and technical systems in the river valleys of the Right Bank of Ukraine." 26, no. 26 (May 30, 2022): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/1992-4259-2022-26-01.
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Purpose. To improve the existing classification of residential landscapes and its basis for analyzing the structure of modern urban landscape and technical systems in the river valleys of the Right Bank of Ukraine. Methods. This study is based on the study of anthropogenic landscapes, concepts of geotechnical systems, as well as on the materials of their own field observations, which were carried out during 2008-2021 in the river valleys of the Right Bank of Ukraine. The main research methods used were: landscape photography, mapping, synthesis, comparison and generalization. Results. Based on previous experience and own field observations, the existing classification of residential landscapes has been improved. It is determined that urban landscape and technical systems, which are concentrated in valley-river landscapes, have a number of specific features: the size of urban landscape and technical systems is directly proportional to the parameters of the river valley within which they were formed; radical restructuring of all geocomponents and natural types of areas; formation of a recreational center in the bottom of the river valley after the formation of the city landscape and technical system; dominance of covered areas; constant introduction of new engineering and technical structures into the structure of the city landscape and technical system; vertical differentiation of the urban landscape and technical system and «suppression» of the manifestation of the zonal factor in the urban landscape and technical system. A number of engineering and technical supertypes of urban landscape and technical systems (low-rise, multi-storey, industrial and residential, garden and park, water management, recreational) have been identified. The main criteria for their selection were the degree of «closed» soils with man-made cover, projective vegetation (landscaping) and multi-storey buildings. The peculiarities of the structure of each engineering supertype of urban landscape technical systems are characterized. Conclusions. The formation of large-scale urban landscape and technical systems in the river valleys of the Right Bank of Ukraine hinders natural migration and distribution of biological species, which does not allow the ecological network to fully perform its functions. In further urban planning and urban planning, residential areas that are at the lowest hypsometric level in the river valley should be «unloaded» from redundant engineering structures. In particular, this applies to channel, floodplain, pond-floodplain and floodplain-reservoir types of areas. Increasing the area of restored valley and river landscapes will allow to implement the Emerald Network project faster and thus contribute to the protection of nature at European level.
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Li, Yang, Chunyan Xue, Hua Shao, Ge Shi, and Nan Jiang. "Study of the Spatiotemporal Variation Characteristics of Forest Landscape Patterns in Shanghai from 2004 to 2014 Based on Multisource Remote Sensing Data." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 24, 2018): 4397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124397.
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The landscape patterns of urban forests not only reflect the influence of urbanization on urban forests, but also determines its function in urban ecosystem services. In the case of mastering the overall forest landscape pattern of a city, a study of the structure of urban forest landscapes at different scales and in urbanized regions is beneficial to a comprehensive understanding of the forest characteristics of a city. In the present study, an attempt was made to map and monitor the spatio-temporal dynamics of an urban forest in Shanghai from 2004 to 2014 using remote sensing techniques. Methods of landscape ecology analysis are followed to quantify the spatiotemporal patterns of an urban forest landscape by urban and rural gradient regionalization. The results show that the spatial structure of an urban forest landscape is essentially consistent with an urban landscape pattern. Due to strong interference from human activities, the ecological quality of forest landscapes is low. At the landscape level, the urban forest coverage rate increased from 11.43% in 2004 to 16.02% in 2014, however, the number of large patches decreased, there was a high degree of urban forest landscape fragmentation, landscape connectivity was poor, landscape patch boundaries were uniform, and weak links were present between ecological processes. Different urban and rural gradient division methods exhibit obvious gradient characteristics along the urban–rural gradient in Shanghai. The regional differences in the urban forest landscape ecological characteristics have further increased as a result of urban planning and zoning. The total amount of urban forest is located closer to the urban center, which has the smallest total amount of forest; however, in terms of urban forest coverage, the suburbs have more coverage than do the outer suburbs and the central urban areas. The urban forest landscape’s spatial distribution area is evidently different. Urbanization affects the areas closest to urban residential areas, which are markedly disturbed by humans, and the urban forest landscape has a high degree of fragmentation. The forest patches have become divided and unconnected, and the degree of natural connectivity has gradually decreased over the past 10 years. At the landscape class level, broadleaf forests are dominant in Shanghai, and their area exhibits an increasing trend; shrublands and needleleaf forests, however, show a decreasing trend. Compared with other forest types, the spatial distribution of broadleaf forest is concentrated in the suburbs, and the aggregation effect is relatively apparent. From the perspective of urban forest landscape pattern aggregation characteristics in Shanghai, the spatial distribution of urban forest landscape point patterns in the study area exhibit extremely uneven characteristics. The point density of urban forest patches larger than 1 ha in Shanghai increased from 2004 to 2014. However, the total number of patches with areas larger than 5 ha decreased, and this decrease plays an important role in the ecological environment. In the past 10 years, the concentration characteristics of urban forests with large patches has gradually decreased. In 2014, the urban forest landscapes decreased by 5 km compared to the intensity of aggregates in 2004, which also indicates that urban forests in Shanghai tend to be fragmented. The results of this study can be useful to help improve urban residents’ living environments and the sustainable development of the urban ecosystem, and they will also be vital to future management.
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Carter, Harold, J. W. R. Whitehand, and P. J. Larkham. "Urban Landscapes: International Persectives." Geographical Journal 160, no. 2 (July 1994): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3060112.
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Sutcliffe, Anthony, J. W. R. Whitehand, and P. J. Larkham. "Urban Landscapes: International Perspectives." Economic History Review 47, no. 4 (November 1994): 838. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2597745.
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Stokmane, I. "Landscapes within urban environment." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1345 (September 2022): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2022.1345.38.
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Stanton, Joseph. "Maurice Sendak's Urban Landscapes." Children's Literature 28, no. 1 (2000): 132–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/chl.0.0146.
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Chen, Jiquan, Hogeun Park, Peilei Fan, Li Tian, Zutao Ouyang, and Raffaele Lafortezza. "Cultural Landmarks and Urban Landscapes in Three Contrasting Societies." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 13, 2021): 4295. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084295.
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Cultural heritage sites and landscapes are intuitively connected in urban systems. Based on available databases of cultural landmarks, we selected three pairs of cities that are currently dominated by three contrasting religions (Catholic, Buddhist and emerging culture) to compare the long-term changes in cultural landmarks, to quantify their spatial distribution in the current landscape, and to examine the potential influences these landmarks have on landscapes. The landmark database and landscapes were constructed from archived maps, satellite imagery and the UNESCO heritage sites for Barcelona, Bari, Beijing, Vientiane, Shenzhen, and Ulaanbaatar. Roads in Asian cities are mostly constructed in alignment with the four cardinal directions, forming a checkerboard-type landscape, whereas Bari and Barcelona in Europe have examples of roads radiating from major cultural landmarks. We found clear differences in the number of landmarks and surrounding landscape in these cities, supporting our hypothesis that current urban landscapes have been influenced similarly by cultural landmarks, although substantial differences exist among cities. Negative relationships between the number of cultural landmarks and major cover types were found, except with agricultural lands. Clearly, cultural landmarks need to be treated as “natural features” and considered as reference points in urban planning. Major efforts are needed to construct a global database before an overarching conclusion can be made for global cities.
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Lysenko, A. V., I. O. Lysenko, and T. V. Osipova. "SUBSTANTIATION OF THE NEED FOR ORGANIZATION OF A SPECIALLY PROTECTED NATURAL TERRITORY IN THE NEFTECUM CITY DISTRICT OF STAVROPOL REGION." Innovatics and Expert Examination, no. 1(29) (July 1, 2020): 111–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35264/1996-2274-2020-1-111-117.
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Specially protected natural territories (SPNA) occupy small areas of the Neftekumsky urban district of the Stavropol Territory. In this regard, it is relevant to justify the need to create protected areas on its territory thus making the natural landscapes of the district sustainable. The stability of landscapes was determined on the basis of the ecological-landscape principle. The indicators of landscape stability were obtained by calculating the values of the coefficients of ecological stability of the landscape. For the Neftekumsky urban district of the Stavropol Territory, these studies were conducted for the first time. As a result of the studies, it was established that the representativeness and environmental value of the protected areas existing in the Neftekum urban district do not meet the requirements for the territorial organization of ecosystems of this type, the landscapes are conditionally stable and require the partial transformation of unstable landscape elements into stable ones, which is possible when organizing a new protected area in the territory counties.
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Hajiyeva, Afag, Gulnar Hajiyeva, and Khumar Khanim Dadashova. "Landscape-ecological carcass model of urban landscape and methods of optimize urban landscapes (on the patterns of Ganja and Mingachevir cities)." 59, no. 59 (December 1, 2023): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/2410-7360-2023-59-20.
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State of the problem. The article outlines the natural and anthropogenic foundations of urban landscapes and the organization and modeling of ecological carcasses. Currently, the impact of human activity in the area, on the landscapes, especially on urban landscapes, sometimes leads to the fundamental change and reconstruction of several landscape units or components, the degradation of the sensitive ecosystems of the area, and the creation of completely anthropogenic complexes. Object learning. The main object learning is as follows; study of the differentiation characteristics of the factors influencing the formation of modern geosystems (relief, climate, hydrological and hydrogeological conditions, etc.), researching eco-geographical problems caused by anthropogenic changes, drawing up a map with appropriate content on a large scale, structural and functional characteristics of modern natural geosystems spreading in the research area, exposure to severe anthropogenic influences, study of ecological problems, studying the structural-functional aspects, levels of anthropogenic loading and assimilation, as well as the ecological condition of the modern natural geosystems spreading in the research area, complex study of optimization and large-scale ecological stability, drawing up of ecological potential assessment maps of landscapes. The purpose of this study is the landscape ecological formation of urban landscapes in the Republic of Azerbaijan, the optimization of urban landscapes, the analysis and generalization of urban development processes at the level of urban creation and living environment, and the determination of the main regularities of the formation of this environment, taking into account innovation and traditional processes. Methodology. Ecological analyses were carried out on relevant urban landscapes, and four environmental hazard zones were identified in Ganja, and three in Mingachevir (1: 20000) scale ecological risk maps were drawn up. In the end, the principles of the organization of "ecosystems" based on the optimization of both urban landscapes were analyzed. Research results. The degree of anthropogenic disturbance of the territory was determined, and a map-scheme of the ecogeographic assessment of landscape complexes was drawn up. The study of anthropogenic changes in natural landscapes and the evaluation of the anthropogenic impact in percentage according to digital electronic map fragments was carried out. In the ArcGIS program, the inclination and exposure of slopes in the area, the hypsometry of the relief in the area, the density of roads, the ecogeographical condition of modern urban landscapes, risk zones, and optimization of urban landscapes, etc. maps have been drawn up. The scientific novelty of the research. The importance and functional role of the city as a complex living environment for the country's population is defined. In the process of city planning in the Republic of Azerbaijan, the face of the city, the composition system of urban architecture, innovations, and traditional features are determined. The main city-forming function and role of the river were determined in the studied cities. And the linear features of the development of the cities, and the differences in formation were determined and analyzed. Accordingly, each of the cities has its own unique development models. Environmental problems of cities were investigated and environmental risk and optimization maps were drawn up.
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Zimpel, Jadwiga. "New landscapes of the post-industrial city." Polish Journal of Landscape Studies 2, no. 4-5 (July 31, 2019): 87–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pls.2019.4.5.8.
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This paper attempts to analyze modern urban space in the context of intercepting the effects of biopolitical production by means of a conceptual apparatus taken from urban landscape studies. Among the discussed sections of urban space, which illustrate the issue undertaken in this text, there are first and foremost places that focalize and intertwine practices of urban design, landscape architecture, design and media initiated by local governments, institutions, and private investors. All of these practices strive to create a new type of urban landscapes, characterized by their simultaneous functioning as sights and as “urban stages.” Following from the above findings, this paper aims to describe the listed forms of land use in terms derived from cultural concepts of landscape, considering the latter to be a useful tool for explaining the relations between modern urban subjects and the environment they exist in.
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Hilaire, Rolston St, Michael A. Arnold, Don C. Wilkerson, Dale A. Devitt, Brian H. Hurd, Bruce J. Lesikar, Virginia I. Lohr, et al. "Efficient Water Use in Residential Urban Landscapes." HortScience 43, no. 7 (December 2008): 2081–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.43.7.2081.
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In the United States, urban population growth, improved living standards, limited development of new water supplies, and dwindling current water supplies are causing the demand for treated municipal water to exceed the supply. Although water used to irrigate the residential urban landscape will vary according to factors such as landscape type, management practices, and region, landscape irrigation can vary from 40% to 70% of household use of water. So, the efficient use of irrigation water in urban landscapes must be the primary focus of water conservation. In addition, plants in a typical residential landscape often are given more water than is required to maintain ecosystem services such as carbon regulation, climate control, and preservation of aesthetic appearance. This implies that improvements in the efficiency of landscape irrigation will yield significant water savings. Urban areas across the United States face different water supply and demand issues and a range of factors will affect how water is used in the urban landscape. The purpose of this review is to summarize how irrigation and water application technologies; landscape design and management strategies; the relationship among people, plants, and the urban landscape; the reuse of water resources; economic and noneconomic incentives; and policy and ordinances impact the efficient use of water in the urban landscape.
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Semenyuk, O. V., G. V. Stoma, and K. S. Bodrov. "Evaluation of the Cost of Ecosystem Services of Urban Landscapes (by the Example of Moscow)." Eurasian Soil Science 54, no. 12 (December 2021): 1975–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1064229321120103.
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Abstract— The cost of park-recreational, residential, and residential-transport urban landscapes of Moscow has been estimated taking into account land use and the relationships between ecosystem services and ecological functions and properties of individual landscape components. On the basis of the methodology previously proposed by the authors, a wide range of ecosystem services of urban landscapes, mainly associated with soils and their ecological state, has been assessed. The cost of ecosystem services provided by the soil in urban landscapes is 20–30 times higher in comparison with that of green spaces, and some soil services can be considered invaluable because of the difficulty of renewing this natural resource. The cost of ecosystem services of undisturbed soils of park and recreational landscapes is 1.5–2 times higher than that of anthropogenically transformed soils of residential and residential-transport urban territories. The main contribution to the overall cost of ecosystem services of soils in urban landscapes is due to the following services: carbon sequestration, preservation of the genetic material of biota, and filtration and accumulation of chemical elements in the ecosystem. These services can be considered as promising in the monetization of ecosystem services in urban landscapes. The decline in the cost of ecosystem services from park and recreational landscapes to residential and residential-transport landscapes is largely determined by the deterioration of the ecological state of soils. The benefits provided by the natural block of landscapes are comparable to or greater than those of the cultural (human-created) block. In relation to the all-Russia assessment of ecosystem services, a specific feature of urban areas is a significant share (on average, 25%) of the cultural block in the total cost of ecosystem services and a decrease in the cost of regulatory services by about 30%. The results of the economic assessment of ecosystem services of urban landscapes indicate an underestimation of the value of natural components, a significant contribution of soil to the natural block, the need to search for simplified integral indicators of its state, and the presence of cost calculation problems. The methodological approaches and provisional results of this study can be used in urban planning with the aim to preserve the soil cover of urban landscapes and optimize their functioning.
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Galán-Acedo, Carmen, Gabriela Pacheco Hass, Vinícius Klain, Pedro Bencke, and Júlio César Bicca-Marques. "Urban Matrices Threaten Patch Occurrence of Howler Monkeys in Anthropogenic Landscapes." Land 13, no. 4 (April 13, 2024): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land13040514.
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Habitat modification due to human activities threatens species survival. While some species can inhabit habitat patches in anthropogenic landscapes, their occurrence often depends on landscape structure. We assessed the effects of landscape structure on brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans) occurrence in an urban scenario. We conducted censuses in 59 forest patches from 2014 to 2016 in Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. We evaluated patch occurrence (presence/absence) in response to landscape composition (forest cover, arboreal crops, urban areas, open areas, and water) and configuration (patch density), considering the scale of effect. Water, urban, and open areas were the most important predictors of howler presence. Their presence was notably higher in landscapes with more water, likely because these landscapes consist of rural areas with low urbanization, less farming, and relatively high forest cover. Presence of howlers was positively associated with forest cover and negatively related to urban areas, open areas, and arboreal crops. Resource scarcity and increased mortality risks from human pressures, such as domestic dog attacks, electrocution, and roadkill on these land covers may explain these relationships. We highlight the importance of conserving and increasing forest cover in anthropogenic landscapes to protect species reliant on forested habitats, like howler monkeys.
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Parece, Tammy E., Jie Li, James B. Campbell, and David Carroll. "Assessing Urban Landscape Variables’ Contributions to Microclimates." Advances in Meteorology 2016 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8736263.
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The well-known urban heat island (UHI) effect recognizes prevailing patterns of warmer urban temperatures relative to surrounding rural landscapes. Although UHIs are often visualized as single features, internal variations within urban landscapes create distinctive microclimates. Evaluating intraurban microclimate variability presents an opportunity to assess spatial dimensions of urban environments and identify locations that heat or cool faster than other locales. Our study employs mobile weather units and fixed weather stations to collect air temperatures across Roanoke, Virginia, USA, on selected dates over a two-year interval. Using this temperature data, together with six landscape variables, we interpolated (using Kriging and Random Forest) air temperatures across the city for each collection period. Our results estimated temperatures with small mean square errors (ranging from 0.03 to 0.14); landscape metrics explained between 60 and 91% of temperature variations (higher when the previous day’s average temperatures were included as a variable). For all days, similar spatial patterns appeared for cooler and warmer areas in mornings, with distinctive patterns as landscapes warmed during the day and over successive days. Our results revealed that the most potent landscape variables vary according to season and time of day. Our analysis contributes new dimensions and new levels of spatial and temporal detail to urban microclimate research.
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Stauskis, Gintaras, and Jonas Jakaitis. "Multicriteria assessment of landscape architecture projects: the sustainability perspective." Landscape architecture and art 21, no. 21 (December 30, 2022): 80–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2022.21.08.
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Cities are implementing numerous projects for improving their urban landscapes. The quality of planned landscape interventions is critical for the users and that depends on proper assessment of the projects. After theoretical and empirical research, the paper proposes the framework for quality assessment of landscape architecture projects in relation to sustainability principles. By using the set of pre-determined criteria and relevant indicators the paper offers triple-level multicriteria decision-making tool for assessing the projects aiming at refurbishing, regenerating or conserving the existing parks and gardens, urban open spaces, cultural landscapes and urban infrastructure landscapes by the professional experts. The results of assessing the urban open space refurbishment projects have demonstrated that the proposed solution is fit for setting the participatory quality assessment platform with involvement of stakeholders for comparing the proposals, identifying theiradvances and shortages, also figuring out the dominating design trends. The results suggest that each phase of project development has a significant impact on the quality of the process and the overall assessment result.Authors and clients should pay special attention to landscape perception values.