Relevant bibliographies by topics / Urban heat stress

Academic literature on the topic 'Urban heat stress'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 1 June 2024

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Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "Urban heat stress":

1

Katavoutas, George, and Dimitra Founda. "Response of Urban Heat Stress to Heat Waves in Athens (1960–2017)." Atmosphere 10, no. 9 (August 22, 2019): 483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090483.

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The increasing frequency, intensity and duration of heat waves seem to follow the observed global warming in recent decades. Vulnerability to heat waves is expected to increase in urban environments mainly due to population density and the effect of the urban heat island that make cities hotter than surrounding non-urban areas. The present study focuses on a vulnerable area of the eastern Mediterranean, already characterized as a ‘hot spot’ with respect to heat-related risk and investigates the change in heat stress levels during heat wave compared to non-heat wave conditions as well as the way that heat stress levels respond to heat waves in urban, compared to non-urban, environments. The adoption of a metric accounting for both the intensity and duration of the hot event yielded a total of 46 heat wave episodes over a nearly 60-year period, but with very rare occurrence until the late 1990s and a profound increased frequency thereafter. The results reveal a difference of at least one thermal stress category between heat wave and non-heat wave periods, which is apparent across the entire range of the thermal stress distribution. The analysis demonstrates a robust intensification of nighttime heat stress conditions in urban, compared to non-urban, sites during severe heat waves. Nevertheless, severe heat waves almost equalize heat stress conditions between urban and non-urban sites during midday.
2

D Malcoti, Manisha, Hina Zia, and Chitrarekha Kabre. "Heat Stress Vulnerability of Populations and Role of Urban Heat Island." Current World Environment 18, no. 1 (April 29, 2023): 297–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.1.25.

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A city's ecology and energy use can be affected by an urban heat island (UHI). However, its role in exacerbating populations' heat stress has been extensively studied. This study reviewed and summarized the literature on the UHI, its causes, and its effects. After that, the characteristics of population heat stress vulnerability are examined. The results of studies on UHI, its health effects, and potential mitigation tactics in existing settlements show the necessity of examining various relationships between UHI and the locations of susceptible populations and possible responses. By examining literature from related domains, the present study intends to identify the research potential and convince researchers about the necessity of such a study in the urban area, especially in developing nations, since such case studies were only a few. Further, the study highlighted the relevance of urban planning to mitigate UHI. A fundamental examination of a city's urban climate can be the initial step in creating urban design standards, followed by research and models considering socio-economic and environmental elements.
3

Samal, Sandipta Kumar, Bhabani Sankar Sa, and Parna Sarkhel. "Heat Stress and Its Negative Impact on City and its Inhabitants: A Case Study of Bhubaneswar." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 8 (August 31, 2022): 848–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46293.

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Abstract: This paper aims to analyse how rapid urbanization helps in increasing urban temperature and how urban population suffering due to rise in temperature. Heat stress happens when the body's capability of controlling its inner temperature begins to fail. Temperature rise is of the main reason led to warmness stress. This heat stress related issues are mostly being seen among urban workers and urban poor. Usually, urban areas experience higher temperature than its peri urban & rural areas. These higher temperatures have negative human health impact like respiratory disorder, cardiovascular and heat stroke as well. Therefore, it is important to lower heat risk from urban environment. Deaths & Health hazards due to heat stress can be avoid easily. We just need to identify the high heat risk areas and with the help of proper planning and prevention we can prevent health related issues. Rapid Urbanization & increase of built-up surface is one of the major causes increasing urban heat.
4

Kunz-Plapp, Tina, Julia Hackenbruch, and Janus Willem Schipper. "Factors of subjective heat stress of urban citizens in contexts of everyday life." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 4 (April 19, 2016): 977–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-16-977-2016.

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Abstract. Heat waves and the consequent heat stress of urban populations have a growing relevance in urban risk management and strategies of urban adaptation to climate change. In this context, social science studies on subjective experiencing of heat as stress by urban citizens are a new emerging field. To contribute to the understanding of self-reported subjective heat stress and its major determinants in a daily life perspective, we conducted a questionnaire survey with 323 respondents in Karlsruhe, Germany, after heat waves in July and August 2013. Statistical data analysis showed that subjective heat stress is an issue permeating everyday activities. Subjective heat stress at home was lower than at work and in general. Subjective heat stress in general, at home, and at work was determined by the health impairments experienced during the heat and the feeling of being helplessly exposed to the heat. For subjective heat stress at home, characteristics of the residential building and the built environment additionally played a role. Although the rate of implemented coping measures was rather high, coping measures showed no uniform effect for the subjective heat stress. We conclude that in terms of urban adaptation strategies, further research is needed to understand how various processes of daily social (work) life enable or limit individual coping and that communication strategies are important for building capacities to better cope with future heat waves.
5

Qin, Yue, Weilin Liao, and Dan Li. "Attributing the Urban–Rural Contrast of Heat Stress Simulated by a Global Model." Journal of Climate 36, no. 6 (March 15, 2023): 1805–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-22-0436.1.

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Abstract The two-resistance mechanism (TRM) attribution method, which was designed to analyze the urban–rural contrast of temperature, is improved to study the urban–rural contrast of heat stress. The improved method can be applied to diagnosing any heat stress index that is a function of temperature and humidity. As an example, in this study we use it to analyze the summertime urban–rural contrast of simplified wet bulb globe temperature (SWBGT) simulated by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory land model coupled with an urban canopy model. We find that the urban–rural contrast of SWBGT is primarily caused by the lack of evapotranspiration in urban areas during the daytime and the release of heat storage during the nighttime, with the urban–rural differences in aerodynamic features playing either positive or negative roles depending on the background climate. Compared to the magnitude of the urban–rural contrast of temperature, the magnitude of the urban–rural contrast of SWBGT is damped due to the moisture deficits in urban areas. We further find that the urban–rural contrast of 2-m air temperature/SWBGT is fundamentally different from that of canopy air temperature/SWBGT. Turbulent mixing in the surface layer leads to much smaller urban–rural contrasts of 2-m air temperature/SWBGT than their canopy air counterparts. Significance Statement Heat leads to serious public health concerns, but urban and rural areas have different levels of heat stress. Our study explains the magnitude and pattern of the simulated urban–rural contrast in heat stress at the global scale and improves an attribution method to quantify which biophysical processes are mostly responsible for the simulated urban–rural contrast in heat stress. We highlight two well-known causes of higher heat stress in cities: the lack of evapotranspiration and the stronger release of heat storage. Meanwhile, we draw attention to the vegetation types in rural areas, which determine the urban–rural difference in surface roughness and significantly affect the urban–rural difference in heat stress. Last, we find the urban–rural contrasts of 2-m air temperature/SWBGT are largely reduced relative to their canopy air counterparts due to the turbulent mixing effect.
6

Kunz-Plapp, T., J. Hackenbruch, and J. W. Schipper. "Factors of subjective heat stress of urban citizens in contexts of everyday life." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 8 (August 5, 2015): 4619–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-3-4619-2015.

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Abstract. Heat waves and the consequent heat stress of urban populations have a growing relevance in urban risk management and strategies of urban adaptation to climate change. In this context, social science studies on subjective heat stress of urban citizens are a new emerging field. To contribute to the understanding of subjective heat stress and its major determinants in a daily life perspective, we conducted a questionnaire survey with 323 respondents in Karlsruhe, Germany, after a heat wave in July and August 2013. Statistical data analysis showed that heat stress is an issue permeating everyday activities. It was found that the subjective heat stress at home is lower than at work and in general. Subjective heat stress in general, at home, and at work was determined by the health impairments experienced during the heat and the feeling of being helplessly exposed to the heat. For heat stress at home, additionally characteristics of the residential building and the built environment played a role. Although the rate of implemented coping measures was rather high, coping measures showed no uniform effect for the subjective heat stress. The results furthermore show that coping with heat is performed within the scopes of action in daily life. We conclude that in terms of urban adaptation strategies, further research is needed to understand how various processes of daily social (work) life enable or limit individual coping and adaptation capacities and that communication strategies are important for building capacities to better cope with future heat waves.
7

Soltani, Ali, and Ehsan Sharifi. "Understanding and Analysing the Urban Heat Island (UHI) Effect in Micro-Scale." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 10, no. 2 (April 2019): 14–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2019040102.

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The shortage of vegetation cover alongside urban structures and land hardscape in cities causes an artificial temperature increase in urban environments known as the urban heat island (UHI) effect. The artificial heat stress in cities has a particular threat for usability and health-safety of outdoor living in public space. Australia may face a likely 3.8°C increase in surface temperature by 2090. Such an increase in temperature will have a severe impact on regional and local climate systems, natural ecosystems, and human life in cities. This paper aims to determine the patterns of the UHI effect in micro-scale of Adelaide metropolitan area, South Australia. The urban near-surface temperature profile of Adelaide was measured along a linear east-west cross-section of the metropolitan area via mobile traverse method between 26 July 2013 and 15 August 2013. Results indicate that the while the maximum UHI effect occurs at midnight in the central business district (CBD) area in Adelaide, the afternoon urban warmth has more temperature variations (point-to-point variation), especially during the late afternoon when local air temperature is normally in its peak. Thus, critical measurement of heat-health consequences of the UHI effect need to be focused on the afternoon heat stress conditions in UHIs rather than the commonly known night time phenomenon. This mobile traverse urban heat study of Adelaide supports the hypothesis that the UHI effect varies in the built environment during daily cycles and within short distances. Classical UHI measurements are commonly performed during the night – when the urban-rural temperature differences are at their maximum. Thus, they fall short in addressing the issue of excess heat stress on human participants. However, having thermally comfortable urban microclimates is a fundamental characteristic of healthy and vibrant public spaces. Therefore, urban planning professionals and decision makers are required to consider diurnal heat stress alongside nocturnal urban heat islands in planning healthy cities. The results of this article show that the diurnal heat stress varies in the built environment during daily cycles and within short distances. This study confirms that the maximum urban heat stress occurs during late afternoon when both overall temperature and daily urban warmth are at their peak. Literature indicates that diurnal heat stress peaks in hard-landscapes urban settings while it may decrease in urban parklands and near water bodies. Therefore, urban greenery and surface water can assist achieving more liveable and healthy urban environments (generalisation requires further research). A better understanding of daily urban warmth variations in cities assists urban policy making and public life management in the context of climate change.
8

Sharifi, Ehsan, and Ali Soltani. "Patterns of Urban Heat Island Effect in Adelaide: A Mobile Traverse Experiment." Modern Applied Science 11, no. 4 (March 10, 2017): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v11n4p80.

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Urban structure, hard surfaces and shortage of vegetation cause an artificial temperature increase in cities, known as the urban heat island effect. This paper determines the daily patterns of urban heat in Adelaide, Australia. The near-surface temperature profile of Adelaide was mapped in 60 journeys alongside a straight cross route connecting Adelaide Hills to the West Beach between 26 July and 15 August 2013. Results indicate that the most intense urban-rural temperature differences occurred during midnight in Adelaide. However, the afternoon urban heat had more temperature variation in the urban area. In the late afternoon, the near-surface urban heat fluctuates by 2°C within three kilometres and by 1.2°C in just one kilometer. Afternoon heat stress can vary based on space configurations and urban surface covers. Afternoon heat stress causes the highest heat load on urban dwellers. A better understanding of daily urban heat variations in cities assists urban policy making and public life management in the context of climate change.
9

Zahn, Einara, Claire Welty, James A. Smith, Stanley J. Kemp, Mary‐Lynn Baeck, and Elie Bou‐Zeid. "The Hydrological Urban Heat Island: Determinants of Acute and Chronic Heat Stress in Urban Streams." JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association 57, no. 6 (October 31, 2021): 941–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12963.

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10

Ramsay, Emma E., Genie M. Fleming, Peter A. Faber, S. Fiona Barker, Rohan Sweeney, Ruzka R. Taruc, Steven L. Chown, and Grant A. Duffy. "Chronic heat stress in tropical urban informal settlements." iScience 24, no. 11 (November 2021): 103248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.103248.

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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urban heat stress":

1

Walikewitz, Nadine. "Urban Climate and Heat Stress Hazards - an Indoor Perspective." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18765.

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Hitzestress beeinflusst nicht nur das Wohlbefinden, sondern vor allem auch die menschliche Gesundheit. Während Hitzestress im Außenraum bereits detailliert untersucht wurde, gibt es nur wenige Studien, welche sich mit thermischen Belastungen im Innenraum befassen. Dabei hält sich die Bevölkerung der Industriestaaten im Durchschnitt durchschnittlich 90 % des Tages im Innenraum auf. Analysen der klimatischen Bedingungen im Innenraum sind essenziell, um zugrundeliegende Prozesse zu verstehen, die Auswirkungen auf den Menschen zu erfassen und passende Anpassungsstrategien entwickeln zu können. Ziel der Arbeit ist es daher, verschiedene Innenraumklimata zu untersuchen und zu bewerten. Zur Untersuchung ihrer Charakteristika wurden Räume ohne Nutzerverhalten innerhalb eines Gebäudes bemessen und analysiert. Die Ergebnisse wurden dann verwendet, um ein detailliertes Innenraummesssystem zu entwickelt und an verschiedenen Standorten in Berlin aufzubauen. Die erhobenen Daten wurden dann verwendet, um die Variabilität von Hitzestress im Innenraum zeitlich und räumlich anhand des UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index) zu untersuchen. Den Abschluss bilden umfangreiche Analysen zu den Einflüssen von Innenraum- und Außenraumtemperaturen auf die Mortalität mittels Generalisierter Additiver Modelle (GAM). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Hitzestress im Innenraum eine ernstzunehmende Gefahr darstellt. Alle Untersuchungsräume weisen hohe thermische Belastungen auf. UTCI Werte im Innenraum schwanken innerhalb eines Gebäudes und weisen im Vergleich zum Außenraum sehr hohe Belastungswerte während der Nacht auf. Die höchsten Werte wurden in modernen Gebäuden mit großen Fensterflächen ermittelt. Bezüglich der unterschiedlichen Einflussfaktoren auf das Innenraumklima konnte das Außenklima als wichtigste Einflussgröße bestätigt werden. Des Weiteren zeigt sich, dass die Innenraumtemperatur im Vergleich zur Außenraumtemperatur ein ebenso guter Prädiktor für Mortalität ist.
Heat stress influences not only the comfort of humans but also human health. Heat stress in outdoor environments has been investigated extensively, whereas only a few studies have focused on indoor environments. People in industrialized countries spend approximately 90 % of their day in confined spaces. Analyses of indoor climatic conditions are essential to understanding the underlying processes, determining the impacts on humans and developing appropriate adaptation measures. The aim of this work is to investigate and assess different indoor climates and provide a valuable contribution to future research questions. To analyze indoor climate characteristics or, rather, the influence of different meteorological parameters, the indoor climate in four rooms in one building without user behavior was measured and examined. The results were used to establish a detailed indoor measurement system at different study sites distributed over Berlin. The gathered data were then used to assess indoor heat stress variability on a temporal and spatial scale using the UTCI (Universal Thermal Climate Index). Finally, an extensive analysis of the influence of indoor climate and outdoor climate on mortality was conducted by applying generalized additive models (GAM). The results indicate that indoor heat stress is a severe threat. All study rooms experienced high thermal loads, regardless of the building type they were located in or their location within the building. Indoor UTCI values varied within buildings and further exhibited very high heat stress levels during night compared to outdoors. The highest values were measured in modern buildings with a high percentage of windows. Among the different driving factors of indoor climate, outdoor climate was confirmed to have the highest impact. Moreover, this thesis shows that indoor air temperature is an equally good predictor of mortality compared to outdoor climate.
2

ELDESOKY, AHMED HAZEM MAHMOUD. "On urban form and urban resilience: Examining the underlying politics and advancing the role of immaterial technology and typomorphology in assessing urban resilience to heat stress." Doctoral thesis, Università IUAV di Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11578/319227.

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This thesis focuses on one of the emerging research topics within the field of urban morphology that investigates how the concept of resilience, which has recently be-come a buzzword very favored to address the complexity and future uncertainty in cities, can be integrated into the study of urban form, as the raw material of urban de-sign and a key element that can guide cities towards more sustainable trajectories. More specifically, the thesis tackles some of the theoretical and methodological challenges for integrating resilience thinking into urban morphology, where two main re-search gaps have been addressed. The first, is the need to understand the core meaning of resilience in urban morphology and systematically examine its underlying politics (e.g. resilience of/through what? To what? For whom? How? When? Where?) so that it can be effectively operationalized. The second is the need to support urban planning and design decisions with tools and methods that provide an improved understanding of the impact of urban form on urban resilience to different stresses and shocks. In particular, the thesis, through the use of immaterial technology (e.g. Geographical Information Systems, machine learning and remote sensing techniques), focuses on improving and developing quantitative methods to better understand the impact of urban form on urban resilience to heat stress, as one of the most pressing challenges in cities nowadays that has been demonstrated to be exacerbated by urban form. And assessing their applicability in growing contemporary cities in arid areas, as the most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, and where little research has been conducted. At the core of these methods are the typomorphological classifications, which have been demonstrated to be powerful descriptive-analytical as well as normative/prescriptive means of understanding and designing cities.
abstractita
3

Ngwenya, Bigboy. "Heat exposure and adaptation strategies of outdoor informal sector workers in urban Bulawayo - Zimbabwe." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2183.

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Ambient temperatures have risen over the past few decades and are expected to increase even further due to climate change impacts. Extreme temperatures, accompanied by high humidity levels, will exacerbate occupational heat stress, heat related illnesses and mortality amongst vulnerable groups, particularly among outdoor workers in developing countries in the tropics. In Bulawayo, Zimbabwe, a large portion of the population work outdoors in the informal sector as street vendors (hawkers) due to a lack of employment opportunities. These hawkers spend long hours in the sun or under makeshift sheds with poorly developed adaptation strategies, and no access to cooling systems both at work and at home. This mixed method study, conducted during the summer of 2015, explored heat exposure and adaptation strategies of informal street vendors in Bulawayo. Study participants were exposed to temperatures above 38°C during heat wave events and they were unable to cool down effectively at night due to the condition of their housing. Focus group discussions with health professionals and policy makers identified a lack of policies, programs and resources for heat prevention at local authority and national levels. It was recommended that the Zimbabwe government develop heat prevention policies and strategies in its National Climate Change Strategy and embrace community-based adaptation responses that will address heat related health impacts, particularly amongst people that work in the informal sector, who are deemed most vulnerable.
4

Lee, Hyunjung [Verfasser], and Helmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Mayer. "Increasing heat waves require human-biometeorological analyses on the planning-related potential to mitigate human heat stress within urban districts." Freiburg : Universität, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1119452554/34.

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5

Walikewitz, Nadine [Verfasser], Wilfried [Gutachter] Endlicher, Dieter [Gutachter] Scherer, and Christoph [Gutachter] Schneider. "Urban Climate and Heat Stress Hazards - an Indoor Perspective / Nadine Walikewitz ; Gutachter: Wilfried Endlicher, Dieter Scherer, Christoph Schneider." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1185578633/34.

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6

Donner, Julie [Verfasser], Johann [Akademischer Betreuer] Köppel, Johann [Gutachter] Köppel, Miranda A. [Gutachter] Schreurs, and Birgit [Gutachter] Kleinschmit. "Driving forces and barriers for adaption strategies against the urban heat stress hazard in Berlin, Germany / Julie Donner ; Gutachter: Johann Köppel, Miranda A. Schreurs, Birgit Kleinschmit ; Betreuer: Johann Köppel." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1164076299/34.

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7

Qureshi, Aiman Mazhar. "Modélisation et aide à la décision multicritère du confort thermique en milieu urbain." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AMIE0081.

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Les zones urbaines sont les principaux lieux de résidence des personnes et sont vulnérables aux conditions météorologiques exaspérantes telles que le stress thermique. Les périodes de vagues de chaleur se reproduisent de plus en plus dans l'atmosphère actuelle, et elles sont connues pour constituer une menace sérieuse et majeure pour la santé des êtres humains partout dans le monde. Les îlots de chaleur urbains et les canicules augmentent les risques thermiques en zone urbaine et la vulnérabilité de la population urbaine. L'augmentation du nombre de vagues de chaleur dans les zones urbaines est devenue une préoccupation importante en raison de ses effets néfastes sur la santé humaine et les activités économiques. L'objectif de ce travail est d'identifier la sensibilité du confort thermique et de leurs variables d'action, la modélisation des contraintes thermiques à l'aide des variables météorologiques les plus influentes, l'identification des facteurs de risque et de mettre en évidence la corrélation des tendances météorologiques et des paramètres influents, les solutions d'atténuation de la chaleur stress et aide mathématique à la prise de décision. Plusieurs techniques d'apprentissage automatique et profond ont été utilisées pour la modélisation dynamique du système du confort thermique. Des résultats optimisés sont obtenus à partir du modèle Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) qui est utilisé pour le développement d'un outil de simulation web permettant aux habitants d'évaluer leur niveau de confort en fonction des conditions météorologiques. Une carte d'indice de vulnérabilité à la chaleur a été développée pour indiquer la vulnérabilité des occupants en tenant compte de différents aspects dans une ville de taille moyenne tels que la planification, les espaces verts, la densité, l'énergie, la qualité de l'air, les plans d'eau et les épisodes de chaleur extrême. Les résultats obtenus ont mis en évidence que la mauvaise qualité de l'air et les épisodes de chaleur sont interdépendants, ce qui attire l'attention des décideurs à prendre des mesures supplémentaires dans les lieux à haut risque. La surveillance sur le terrain est effectuée à l'aide de capteurs et d'une caméra thermique pour mesurer les variables pertinentes et prendre des mesures pour minimiser les effets du stress thermique. Au final, des méthodes d'aide à la décision multicritères ont été appliquées pour le développement initial d'un outil d'aide à la décision pour la sélection d'interventions de résilience thermique urbaine qui permet une utilisation flexible, dynamique et prédictive pour les concepteurs et les utilisateurs
Urban areas are the prevalent places of residence for people and are vulnerable to exasperating weather conditions such as heat stress. Periods of heat waves are increasingly reoccurring in the current atmosphere, and they are known to pose a serious and major threat to the health of human beings all over the world. Urban heat islands and heat waves increase thermal risks in urban areas and the vulnerability of the urban population. The increase in the number of heat episodes in urban areas has become a significant concern due to its adverse effects on human health and economic activities. The objective of this work is to identify the sensitivity of thermal comfort and their action variables, the modeling of thermal stress using the most influential meteorological variables, the identification of risk factors and highlight the correlation of meteorological trends and influencing parameters, solutions for mitigating heat stress and mathematical support for decision-making. Several machine and deep learning techniques were used for the system dynamic modeling of the thermal comfort. Optimized results are obtained from the Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) model which is used for the development of a web simulation tool allowing the inhabitants to evaluate their level of comfort according to the weather conditions. A heat vulnerability index map has been developed to indicate the vulnerability of occupants considering different aspects in a medium-sized city such as planning, green space, density, energy, quality air, water bodies and extreme heat events. The obtained results highlighted that poor air quality and heat events are interrelated, which draws the attention for decision-makers to intervene the additional measures in high-risk places. Field monitoring is carried out using sensors and a thermal camera to measure relevant variables and take action to minimize the effects of heat stress. In Last, multi-criteria decision-making methods were applied for the initial development of a decision support tool for the selection of urban heat resilience interventions that allows flexible, dynamic, and predictive use for designers and the users
8

Gabriel, Katharina. "Gesundheitsrisiken durch Wärmebelastung in Ballungsräumen." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät II, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16103.

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Im Rahmen des globalen Klimawandels werden für Mitteleuropa vermehrt klimatische Extremereignisse prognostiziert, wozu auch Hitzewellen gehören. In Ballungsräumen kommt zusätzlich zur globalen Komponente durch das Entstehen der städtischen Wärmeinsel noch eine lokale hinzu. Besonders die Gesundheit älterer Personen ist dabei gefährdet. Vor dem Hintergrund des demographischen Wandels und der fortschreitenden Urbanisierung auf der Erde wird die Zahl der unter Risiko stehenden Personen zukünftig ansteigen. Um die Entwicklungen für den Raum Berlin-Brandenburg abschätzen zu können, wird über einen Zeitraum von 17 Jahren (1990 bis 2006) zunächst einmal die Vulnerabilität in der Vergangenheit untersucht. Anhand von Messreihen an sechs über den Raum verteilten Stationen wird das Auftreten von thermischer Belastung durch Hitze festgestellt. Dabei finden drei in der Literatur verbreitet zum Einsatz kommende Analysemethoden Anwendung: das 95er Perzentil, die Regression sowie die Gefühlte Temperatur. Für die Erklärung der Hitzebelastung über das 95er Perzentil wird ein gleitendes Verfahren eingeführt. Unter der Berücksichtigung aller drei Analysemethoden erfolgt die Bewertung dreiwöchiger Perioden hinsichtlich ihrer thermischen Belastung. Die Einführung des Systems der Perioden-Belastungspunkte (PBP) ermöglicht die Identifikation der am stärksten belasteten Periode eines jeden Jahres. Die Perioden der Jahre 1993, 1994 und 1997 sowie 2003 und 2006 werden im Anschluss zunächst nach Witterung und klimatischen Elementen untersucht, anschließend hinsichtlich der aufgetretenen Mortalität; hierbei spielen zum einen die Bevölkerungseigenschaften ''Alter'' und ''Geschlecht'' eine Rolle, zum anderen das räumliche Auftreten auf kommunaler Ebene. Abschließend wird das in den jeweiligen Perioden entstehende Muster der Mortalität mit dem Grad der Versiegelung bzw. dem Anteil der über-65-Jährigen abgeglichen. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass während thermisch stark belasteten Perioden bei den unter-50-Jährigen die Männer stärker als Frauen gefährdet sind; dieses Verhältnis kehrt sich in der Altersklasse über 50 um. In der räumlichen Analyse wird deutlich, dass sich mit zunehmender Belastung ein hoher Versiegelungsgrad als Risikofaktor darstellt. Bei weniger belastenden Situationen stehen Senioren dagegen gerade in Räumen mit geringer Versiegelung stärker unter Risiko. Künftige Studien sollten auf die Todesursachen eingehen und zusätzliche Risikofaktoren berücksichtigen. Auf dieser Basis können dann einerseits Interventionsmaßnahmen ausgearbeitet als auch Szenarien zukünftiger Entwicklungen valide aufgebaut werden.
In central Europe, global climate change will increase the number of meteorological extreme events, including thermal stress caused by heat. In metropolitan areas the effect of urban heat island is added. As the elderly population is vulnerable to high temperatures they are especially at risk. Considering urbanization and demographic changes the number of people under risk will further increase. To estimate future developments in vulnerability it is necessary to know the present ones. Therefore, 17 years between 1990 and 2006 are investigated. At first, data of six weather stations within the area of Berlin-Brandenburg are examined. In these climatic time series the occurrence of thermal stress is determined with three different methods – 95 percentile, regression, and the index of perceived temperature. The 95 percentile is adjusted to a moving mode. Using all three methods, periods of three weeks are evaluated concerning heat stress. To identify the most loaded period of each year the system of ''points of period heat load'' (PBP) is introduced. The periods of the years 1993, 1994, and 1997 as well as 2003 and 2006 were chosen to be examined in more detail. Atmospheric conditions and climatic elements are described first. Then the observed mortality is evaluated concerning age and sex as well as the spatial distribution on municipal level. The resulting pattern is compared with that of the level of sealing and with that of the proportion of people aged 65 and more. Results show that up to an age of 50 years periods with heat stress affect more men than women. Above this age the ratio of sex is reciprocal. The spatial analysis reveals that a high level of sealing is a risk factor especially during very strong heat load, while during periods with less strong heat load elderly people are more endangered living in a lower level of sealing. Future studies should examine the causes of death as well as further risk factors. This will build the basis for detailed intervention plans and scenarios of upcoming developments.
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Lightle, Nicole E. "Effects of Air vs. Air+Soil Heating During a Simulated Heat Wave on White Oak (Quercus alba) and Black Oak (Quercus velutina)." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1365159241.

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Memon, Rizwan Ahmed. "Statistical analysis of urban heat island and modeling of heat generation within street canyon." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42664445.

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Books on the topic "Urban heat stress":

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Costanzo, Vincenzo, Gianpiero Evola, and Luigi Marletta. Urban Heat Stress and Mitigation Solutions. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003045922.

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Oasis. White heat: A novel. Largo, MD: Strebor Books, 2013.

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Wright, Tasha. Carelessness of the heart: An urban fiction tale. Ind: Passionate Writer Pub., 2012.

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McCaulay, Diana. Dog-heart. Leeds: Peepal Tree, 2010.

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Sandler, Corey. Ultimate unauthorized Nintendo game strategies: Winning Strategies for 100 Top Games. New York: Bantam Books, 1989.

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Costanzo, Vincenzo, Gianpiero Evola, and Luigi Marletta. Urban Heat Stress and Mitigation Solutions. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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Costanzo, Vincenzo, Gianpiero Evola, and Luigi Marletta. Urban Heat Stress and Mitigation Solutions: An Engineering Perspective. CRC Press LLC, 2021.

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Costanzo, Vincenzo, Gianpiero Evola, and Luigi Marletta. Urban Heat Stress and Mitigation Solutions: An Engineering Perspective. CRC Press LLC, 2021.

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Costanzo, Vincenzo, Gianpiero Evola, and Luigi Marletta. Urban Heat Stress and Mitigation Solutions: An Engineering Perspective. CRC Press LLC, 2021.

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Oasis. White Heat: A Novel. Simon & Schuster, Limited, 2013.

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Book chapters on the topic "Urban heat stress":

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Fabbri, Kristian. "Urban energy poverty." In Urban Heat Stress and Mitigation Solutions, 350–67. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003045922-17-21.

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Ignaccolo, Carmelo. "The colour of heat: visualising urban heat islands for policy-making." In Urban Heat Stress and Mitigation Solutions, 385–404. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003045922-19-23.

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Salvati, Agnese. "Urban form and climate performance." In Urban Heat Stress and Mitigation Solutions, 97–117. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003045922-6-8.

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Yang, Feng, and Liang Chen. "Urban Thermal Radiant Environment and Heat Stress." In The Urban Book Series, 139–61. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1714-3_6.

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Kavgic, Miroslava. "Different approaches to urban energy modelling." In Urban Heat Stress and Mitigation Solutions, 162–87. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003045922-9-11.

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Panda, Jagabandhu, Asmita Mukherjee, Animesh Choudhury, and Sreyasi Biswas. "Urban Heat: UHI and Heat Stress Threat to Megacities." In Sustainable Development Goals Series, 425–45. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44397-8_22.

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Salata, Ferdinando, and Federica Rosso. "Thermal comfort in the outdoor built environment: the role of clothing." In Urban Heat Stress and Mitigation Solutions, 62–77. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003045922-4-5.

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Coma, Julià, and Gabriel Perez. "Building greenery systems." In Urban Heat Stress and Mitigation Solutions, 253–73. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003045922-13-16.

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Yao, Runming, and Shan Zhou. "Low carbon heating and cooling strategies for urban residential buildings — a bottom-up engineering modelling approach." In Urban Heat Stress and Mitigation Solutions, 188–212. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003045922-10-12.

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Krüger, Eduardo, Luísa Alcantara Rosa, and Eduardo Grala da Cunha. "Potential effects of anthropometric variables on outdoor thermal comfort." In Urban Heat Stress and Mitigation Solutions, 78–94. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003045922-5-6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Urban heat stress":

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Qureshi, Aiman Mazhar, and Ahmed Rachid. "An Analytic Hierarchy Process for urban heat stress mitigation." In 2022 2nd International Conference on Digital Futures and Transformative Technologies (ICoDT2). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icodt255437.2022.9787426.

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Qureshi, Aiman Mazhar, and Ahmed Rachid. "An Analytic Hierarchy Process for urban heat stress mitigation." In 2022 2nd International Conference on Digital Futures and Transformative Technologies (ICoDT2). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icodt255437.2022.9787481.

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Hofer, Rene, Ellen Banzhaf, and Hugo Romero. "Analysing dynamic parameters for urban heat stress incorporating the spatial distribution of urban structure types." In 2009 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/urs.2009.5137537.

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Vargas-Salgado, Carlos, Lina Montuori, Paula Bastida-Molina, and David Alfoso-Solar. "Arduino-based prototype to estimate heat stress indices in urban environments." In CARPE Conference 2019: Horizon Europe and beyond. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/carpe2019.2019.10199.

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Thermal comfort indices are normally used for assessing and controlling heat stress conditions in both: insides and outsides environment. In this paper, the results of the design and test of an Arduino-base prototype for estimating heat stress index is presented. This prototype allows the accurate detection of wind speed, air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, irradiation and globe temperature. By means of these parameters, it is possible to obtain indices such as mean radiant temperature (MRT) and wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT). As a result, the indices are estimated, storage in a database and analyzed. These values will be used in the future to measure the mitigation of heat stress in urban environments, by means of the construction of green facades and green roof or tree planting.
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KEN-OPURUM, BOBUCHI, JARED COHON, ERICA COCHRAN HAMEEN, JOSHUA D. LEE, and EVER CLINTON. "Deconstructing Heat Stress: Communicating Bottom-Up Heat Stress Resilience for Self-build Housing in Nigeria." In 2021 AIA/ACSA Intersections Research Conference. ACSA Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.aia.inter.21.13.

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In Nigeria, heat stress is responsible for significant health complications and loss of lives. Rising temperatures in the country are exacerbated by unbridled anthropogenic activities including deforestation, poor urban planning, and urbanization. Low-income households, single mother led households, and households with the elderly and/or people with disabilities, are especially vulnerable to heat stress because of their limited response to unreliable & failing energy infrastructure in the country. Consequently, to mitigate heat stress, many households heavily utilize gas- powered generators and mechanical cooling systems, which unfortunately contribute to both high energy burden amongst low-income households and increased environmental pollution. Adapting to heat stress is paramount in saving lives and reducing significant costs. It is especially important, as a large part of the populace develop and build their own homes in a widely practiced process called self-building. Fortunately, a systematic approach to literature review of over 40 ethnographic peer reviewed literature determined successful bottom-up heat stress resilience strategies used by households in tropical global south, such as in informal settlements. However, successfully disseminating these findings to self-builders in Nigeria would encounter challenges. Although some of these design solutions are local knowledge in other regions of the global south, they may be unfamiliar to self-builders in Nigeria; thereby, requiring steep learning curves for households–many with limited formal education– to effectively incorporate these bottom-up strategies in their housing. Furthermore, there is a communication barrier due to the multiple languages, nomenclature, and subcultures in the country. To address these challenges, this research study used participatory design through focus groups involving a cross section of Nigerian self-builders, to develop a step-by- step design guide using nontechnical descriptors (visuals, illustrations, jargon) to break down complex and technical architecture and engineering designs. This paper highlights findings from the participatory design sessions which will be evaluated through inductive analysis to determine themes on the ‘best’ design elements for the guidebook, communication” “methods, and effective learning techniques for self-builders in this region. The paper will also provide insight on performing participatory design sessions in countries within the global south, and the methods for promoting stakeholder engagement while navigating different subcultural, socioeconomic, and language boundaries.
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Liou, Yuei-An, Kim-Anh Nguyen, and Le-Thu Ho. "Urban Green Spaces And Heat Stress Risk Patterns In Taipei City By Sentinel 2 Imagery." In IGARSS 2019 - 2019 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2019.8897847.

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Subedi, Rupendra, Hom Rijal, Supriya Khadka, Naja Aqilah, and Prativa Lamsal. "Study on the role of vegetation towards thermal comfort in outdoor urban areas." In Comfort at The Extremes 2023. CEPT University Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62744/cate.45273.1177-389-395.

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Urban heat islands have a direct impact on the areas where people are suffering from heat stress during the hot climatic conditions. In order to get relief from heat stress, many researchers have explored various strategies that have given more importance to green spaces i.e. vegetation. Urban greenery such as parks, gardens, and street trees helps to improve outdoor thermal comfort. Several research in different countries have given approaches to vegetation as improving methods for outdoor thermal comfort of urban open spaces. The main goal of this study is to analyze the human perceptions of outdoor conditions in Ratna-park, Kathmandu, Nepal through field survey and to establish the relationship between meteorological parameters. 78% of the visitors voted for neutral which shows that they are highly satisfied with the park. Additionally, the mean comfort temperature was found to be 29.1oC. People are well adapted to the thermal environment of the urban park, and thus the comfort temperature was significantly high in summer.
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Witt, Christian, Christina Hoffmann, Marc Hanisch, Jana B. Heinsohn, Vanessa Dostal, Melissa Jehn, Uta Liebers, Wulf Pankow, and Gavin C. Donaldson. "Active smoking and a past myocardial infarction status induce more vulnerability to urban heat stress in COPD." In ERS International Congress 2018 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa5079.

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Ribeiro, Isabel, Jorge Humberto Amorim, António Ferreira Lima Júnior, and Maria Elisa Zanella. "Impact of urban vegetation on thermal comfort in the tropical coastal city of Fortaleza." In XVII ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE CONFORTO NO AMBIENTE CONSTRUÍDO. ANTAC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46421/encac.v17i1.4245.

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The thermal comfort in cities is closely dependent on the urban physiography characteristics. In addition to the urban heat island effect, the predicted increase in air temperature as a result of climate change leads to the importance of defining and implementing effective adaptation plans to make cities more pleasant to live in. In this context, we focus on understanding how climate and urban physiography affect human thermal conform, to provide useful information towards a more sustainable urban planning in a climate change context in tropical cities.In this study, the dynamical downscaling up to 1km resolution over Fortaleza city was performed with the convective-permitting regional model HARMONIE-Climate (HCLIMcy38), forced by ERA5 boundary conditions. HCLIM embraces the land surface model SURFEX to simulate urban surface fluxes. The urban physiography is described by the Local Climate Zones and ECOCLIMAP databases. HCLIM modelling outcomes as well as meteorological data from five recent-past years representing assorted climate conditions are used to study different intra-urban microclimates based on different land uses (e.g. parks and residential areas). Additionally, air temperature and relative humidity observations from a measurement campaign with 14 low-cost sensors spread through the city complement the analysis with more detailed local information. Three different environments within the urban area of Fortaleza are taken as example: built-up area, mainly compact high-rise; Urban forest and Lake. The results show that during the wet season, the built-up area is under moderate heat stress during all day, while both urban forest and lake vary from moderate at night to strong heat stress during the sun-light hours. On the other hand, during the dry season, all environments present a similar curve, with thermal comfort indexes varying from moderate to strong heat stress during sun-light hours and no heat stress in the night. The analysis thermal comfort indexes can provide valuable information to urban planners on how people perceive the heat, on where to place new residential areas and how to plan new or recover existent parks in tropical cities.
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Gangrade, Sonal, and Jay Dhariwal. "Identifying the High Urban Heat Vulnerability Zones of a City for Prioritizing Mitigation Measures." In ENERGISE 2023. Alliance for an Energy Efficient Economy (AEEE), 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62576/wifd3911.

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Climate warming is raising global temperatures by 0.2°C every decade, generating severe heat waves and health risks. In India, urbanization has increased heat and humidity. The Urban Heat Island effect in Delhi puts many people at risk for heat-related health issues. This research identifies Delhi’s high-vulnerability zones based on people’s environmental, demographic, and socioeconomic conditions. The study analyzed vulnerability variables such as land surface temperature, land use, land cover, population density, and income level to identify high-risk zones in Delhi using the “unweighted additive overlay” approach. It is found that heat stress is most prevalent in 40 wards in Delhi’s central-western and eastern regions. These findings underline the necessity for adaption methods and specialized urban design strategies and policies for heat reduction for those with weak adaptive ability. The study would assist officials in providing heat relief to high-vulnerability wards and include heat mitigation methods in Delhi’s new master plan.

Reports on the topic "Urban heat stress":

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Mangrulkar, Amol, Gayatri Bakhale, Jagdish Krishnaswamy, Kadambari Deshpande, Mihir Kulkarni, Narmada A Khare, Ravi Jambhekar, Ryan Satish, and Sudhanva R Atri. Natural History of IIHS Campus: A Future of Urban Biodiversity. Indian Institute for Human Settlements, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.24943/9788195847396.

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In the Anthropocene era, the global environmental crisis of mass species extinction and habitat loss poses a significant threat, intensified by climate change-induced events such as droughts, floods, heat stress, and extreme weather. India, with a projected mid-century population exceeding 1.5 billion, faces challenges to food, water, air, and ecological security, particularly in urban areas. Despite these pressures, India has demonstrated a noteworthy commitment to biodiversity conservation since Independence, embedded in its constitutional values.
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Pomerantz, M., H. Akbari, S. C. Chang, R. Levinson, and B. Pon. Examples of cooler reflective streets for urban heat-island mitigation : Portland cement concrete and chip seals. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/816205.

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Brandt, Leslie A., Cait Rottler, Wendy S. Gordon, Stacey L. Clark, Lisa O'Donnell, April Rose, Annamarie Rutledge, and Emily King. Vulnerability of Austin’s urban forest and natural areas: A report from the Urban Forestry Climate Change Response Framework. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northern Forests Climate Hub, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.7204069.ch.

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The trees, developed green spaces, and natural areas within the City of Austin’s 400,882 acres will face direct and indirect impacts from a changing climate over the 21st century. This assessment evaluates the vulnerability of urban trees and natural and developed landscapes within the City Austin to a range of future climates. We synthesized and summarized information on the contemporary landscape, provided information on past climate trends, and illustrated a range of projected future climates. We used this information to inform models of habitat suitability for trees native to the area. Projected shifts in plant hardiness and heat zones were used to understand how less common native species, nonnative species, and cultivars may tolerate future conditions. We also assessed the adaptability of planted and naturally occurring trees to stressors that may not be accounted for in habitat suitability models such as drought, flooding, wind damage, and air pollution. The summary of the contemporary landscape identifies major stressors currently threatening trees and forests in Austin. Major current threats to the region’s urban forest include invasive species, pests and disease, and development. Austin has been warming at a rate of about 0.4°F per decade since measurements began in 1938 and temperature is expected to increase by 5 to 10°F by the end of this century compared to the most recent 30-year average. Both increases in heavy rain events and severe droughts are projected for the future, and the overall balance of precipitation and temperature may shift Austin’s climate to be more similar to the arid Southwest. Species distribution modeling of native trees suggests that suitable habitat may decrease for 14 primarily northern species, and increase for four more southern species. An analysis of tree species vulnerability that combines model projections, shifts in hardiness and heat zones, and adaptive capacity showed that only 3% of the trees estimated to be present in Austin based on the most recent Urban FIA estimate were considered to have low vulnerability in developed areas. Using a panel of local experts, we also assessed the vulnerability of developed and natural areas. All areas were rated as having moderate to moderate-high vulnerability, but the underlying factors driving that vulnerability differed by natural community and between East and West Austin. These projected changes in climate and their associated impacts and vulnerabilities will have important implications for urban forest management, including the planting and maintenance of street and park trees, management of natural areas, and long-term planning.
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Rutledge, Annamarie, and Leslie (Leslie Alyson) Brandt. Puget Sound Region. Houghton, MI: USDA Northern Forests Climate, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2023.8054016.ch.

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As the climate changes over the 21st century, the Puget Sound region's urban forest will be impacted by changing temperatures and precipitation regimes, leading to implications for the people who depend on its ecosystem services. This report summarizes climate change projections for the Puget Sound region and provides an assessment of tree species vulnerability in the region. We used projected shifts in plant hardiness and heat zones to understand how tree species of interest are projected to tolerate future conditions. We also assessed the adaptability of planted trees to stressors such as drought, flooding, wind damage, and air pollution, as well as environmental conditions such as shade, soils, and restricted rooting using "modification factors"--an adaptability scoring system for planted environments. The region has been warming at a rate of about 0.4°F per decade since 1960, and the average temperature is projected to increase by 5.0°F to 8.6°F by the end of the century compared with the 1971-2000 historical average. Precipitation in the region has been increasing by over 0.5 inches per decade since 1960 and is projected to increase by 2.1 to 3.2 inches by the end of the century compared with the 1971-2000 historical average. By the end of the century, the Puget Sound region is projected to shift from hardiness zones 8-9 to zone 9 completely, and from heat zone 2 to heat zone 3 (RCP4.5) or 6 (RCP8.5), depending on the climate change scenario. Of the evaluated tree species, 27% were rated as having high adaptability, 59% were rated as having medium adaptability, and 14% were rated as having low adaptability. Given that the hardiness zone range is projected to remain within the historical (1980-2009) range, we considered both heat zones alone as well as heat and hardiness zones. Considering heat zones only, most of the assessed tree species fell into the low-moderate vulnerability category (57%), followed by low vulnerability (26%) and moderate vulnerability (17%) under both low and high climate change scenarios. The vulnerability ratings remain the same between low and high climate change scenarios because all assessed tree species are considered suitable under both sets (low and high) of heat zone projections through the end of the century. Considering both heat and hardiness zones, most of the assessed tree species fell into the moderate-high vulnerability category (34%), followed by low-moderate (25%), moderate (18%), low (14%), and high (9%). The vulnerability ratings are the same between low and high climate change scenarios because the projected hardiness zone is the same under both scenarios through the end of the century. The vulnerability of individual species is not the only factor to consider when making urban forestry decisions, and this assessment also contains species diversity and human health as additional factors. These projected changes in climate and their associated impacts and vulnerabilities will have important implications for urban forest management, including the planting and maintenance of street and park trees, equity and environmental justice efforts, and long-term planning from partnerships to green infrastructure.

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