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1

Yuan, Liangliang, Yousong Wang, and Honghui Huang. "Game Analysis on Urban Rail Transit Project Under Governmental Investment Regulation." Open Construction and Building Technology Journal 10, no. 1 (June 23, 2016): 369–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874836801610010369.

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Urban rail transit is the construction project under the planning and huge investment of the government. How to effectively conduct investment regulation and control becomes the core question that the government departments are concerned about. In this paper, the relations among government, owner and contractor are studied and the static and dynamic game model is built for behaviors among each subject from the perspective of governmental investment regulation through game theory. Game analysis result shows: (1) the lower the governmental regulation cost the heavier the government's punishment for the owner due to its fail in due diligence and the more the owner's possibility of strict scrutiny; (2) the higher the owner's examination the less willing the owner to conduct narrow examination and the more contractor’s possibility to choose fraudulent conducts; (3) In case of higher income of owner and contractor under their collusion strategy and lower cost of governmental regulation, the owner and contractor can adopt collusion strategy while the government can adopt regulatory strategy. In case of lower income of owner and contractor under their collusion strategy and higher cost of governmental regulation, the owner and contractor should not adopt collusion strategy while the government should adopt regulatory strategy. The research result provides theoretical basis for the government to formulate relevant policies for investment regulation of urban rail transit project.
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2

Wang, Jiejing. "Urban government capacity and economic performance: An analysis of Chinese cities." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 52, no. 5 (November 18, 2019): 981–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x19887478.

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Cities with great government capacity are expected to become more effective in mobilizing resources and promoting urban economic development than other cities. While urban government capacity is important in its own right, its size structure across nearby cities is crucial because multiple channels wherein local governments generate externalities beyond their jurisdictions are present. By quantifying urban government capacity and regional size structure across Chinese cities in 2010, I examine the direct effect of a city’s government capacity on its economic performance and the indirect effect of the urban government capacity’s size structure among neighboring cities. Our analysis confirms that urban government capacity has a positive and significant effect on urban economic performance, and cities exhibit better economic performance in regions that have a leading city in urban government capacity than in regions where urban government capacity is relatively evenly distributed. Further examination suggests that the effect of urban government capacity on economic performance is stronger for cities in monocentric regions than in other regions.
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3

Breuillard, Michæle. "New Governance of Urban Areas in France." Hrvatska i komparativna javna uprava 16, no. 3 (September 8, 2016): 479–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31297/hkju.16.3.6.

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The paper analyses urban governance and decentralisation in France. It explains the “quiet revolution” that wants to set the legal base of French local government back to the drawing board with special focus on the reform of local government in urban areas. The context of the too many too small communes – at the heart of the reform programme – is described since it is a typically French evil (part 2). In the absence of any successful top-down policy of amalgamating communes, new communes are deemed to be the effective solution along with a new mapping of intercommunal joint bodies (part 3). Finally, the paper describes what the metropolis “à la française” consists of (part 4) with a special focus on Lyon – the perfect model for the whole country – and Paris and Aix-Marseille as the worst pupils in transition. France stands out as an important case where new powers bestowed upon metropolitan governments have curbed the jurisdictions of regional governments. The ambiguity over the powers and functions of local governments triggers obdurate turf wars between the two levels of government, which clearly indicates that the governance of any modern society needs to be simplified. If left unaddressed, competition – not coordination or cooperation – between regionalization and metropolitanisation, regionalization and local governments, governability and multilevel governance is likely to become the norm. The author concludes that France desperately needs an in-depth reform of its institutional architecture, which is regularly postponed. What is required is a simplification of governmental machinery: more efficiency in local policies, a clearer allocation of responsibilities, reduced expenses, and governance closer to citizens.
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4

Dong, Shanshan. "Local Government's Urban Planning Behavior, Investment Impulse and Macroeconomic Stability." Open House International 44, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2019-b0008.

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To improve the government's ability to regulate the economy, perfect the performance of macro-control, and promote stable and healthy economic development, according to the relevant data since the reform and opening up, the deep system of investment impulsive behavior of local government in China is explored at this stage, and the idea of constructing an intergovernmental macro-control coordination mechanism is proposed. The results show that if a regional government can expand in line with the policy cycle, it can not only send a positive signal to the central government to respond to the macro-control, but also gain the upper hand in the local competition. However, if the effective demand in the region is still insufficient, the expansion plan is likely to evolve into excessive investment, and the region will face greater risks of overcapacity and local debt in the long run. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the investment behaviors of local governments in China at the present stage, analyze their characteristics and appearances, and find the causes of the investment impulse of local governments, so as to establish the macro-control coordination mechanism among Chinese governments.
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5

Kataria, S. K. "Subsidiarity and Urban Local Government." Indian Journal of Public Administration 54, no. 4 (October 2008): 803–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556120080402.

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6

Winston, Clifford. "Government Failure in Urban Transportation." Fiscal Studies 21, no. 4 (February 2, 2005): 403–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-5890.2000.tb00030.x.

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7

Tonkiss, Fran. "City government and urban inequalities." City 24, no. 1-2 (March 3, 2020): 286–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13604813.2020.1739931.

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8

SAVERY, NEIL. "URBAN DESIGN IN LOCAL GOVERNMENT." Australian Planner 32, no. 1 (January 1994): 20–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.1994.9657651.

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9

Amos, F. J. C. "Urban management and factional government." Progress in Planning 46, no. 3 (January 1996): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-9006(96)88869-6.

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10

Kartal, Nazım, Gökhan Tuncel, and Oguzhan Göktolga. "Local Governments And Government of Cities in Turkey." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 5, no. 1 (February 11, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v5i1.6858.

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At this study, local government structure of Turkey is tried to be analysed. Urban administration of Turkey may be analysed three dimensionally: First dimension is central government and the city; the second is provincial organizations of central government and the third dimension is local governments and city. Therefore, when talking about “administration of cities in Turkey”, central government, its local organizations and especially the local governments should be mentioned. In this context, at this study initially cities in Turkey will be examined from the perspective of administration, then, central administration and central administration’s provincial organiations will be examined from the perspective of city governmnet. Finally two local government structures, “special provinicial administration” and “municipalities” will be examined.
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11

Robson, Robert. "Housing in the Northwest Territories: the Post-War Vision." Articles 24, no. 1 (November 6, 2013): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1019226ar.

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The delivery of housing programs in the Northwest Territories in the post—World War II era was part and parcel of government's newly defined northern mandate. Often described as the "northern vision", the northern mandate was a wide ranging initiative that provided for government-orchestrated, northern expansion. Precipitated by both the federal and the territorial governments, the housing programs as delivered under the auspices of the northern vision, more readily provided for the expansionary needs of government than for the shelter needs of the northern residents.
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Jumansyah, Jumansyah, Anwar Alaydrus, Budiman Budiman, and Bebika Alamsyah. "Urban Disaster Management in Government Communication Perspective." Kanal: Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi 9, no. 2 (March 30, 2021): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21070/kanal.v9i2.1057.

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One indicator of the success of regional governance is the ability of local governments to provide security and comfort for people from natural and social disasters, thus through the authority and resources of the local government they are required to build horizontal and vertical communication in order to respond and provide alternative solutions to all potential disaster that can cause material or non-material loss to the community. Therefore, this study aims to explore disaster management in the perspective of government communication in Botang City. This study used a qualitative case study approach with interactive analysis, so it was found that government communication in Bontang City was built through territorial, program and business approaches. So that the community and the private sector are actively involved in the disaster management process through coordinated communication under the command of the local government. In addition, communication between the local government of Bontang City in disaster management is also continuously improved through active involvement of experts / experts, mass media, and community organizations / NGO / associations.
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13

Maynard, Victoria, Elizabeth Parker, Rahayu Yoseph-Paulus, and David Garcia. "Urban planning following humanitarian crises: supporting urban communities and local governments to take the lead." Environment and Urbanization 30, no. 1 (October 3, 2017): 265–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956247817732727.

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This paper describes research investigating UN-Habitat’s experience supporting communities and local government to undertake urban planning following humanitarian crises. Two case studies were examined: Banda Aceh, Indonesia, following the Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami in 2004; and Tacloban, the Philippines, following Super Typhoon Haiyan in 2013. The study found that urban planning following humanitarian crises can empower communities and governments to manage their own recovery. However, they may lack the knowledge, experience, time, tools or technology needed to take the lead. Organizations supporting urban communities and local government to undertake urban planning following humanitarian crises should consider: the most appropriate speed, scale and depth of the intervention given the context and their own funding and capacity; building local government capacity through secondments or partnerships; establishing a recovery and reconstruction planning task force; appropriate strategies for working with affected communities and their leaders; and advocating for national government support.
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14

Yousef A. M. Neyazi, Yousef A. M. Neyazi. "Urban Planning Information Systems and E-Government in Al-Madinah." journal of King Abdulaziz University Environmental Design Sciences 10, no. 1 (January 7, 2016): 149–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/env.10-1.6.

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. Since last two decades, information systems are widely adopted in all life aspects. In developed world, electronic systems been now shared by government’s firms and organizations using Shared- database for managing civic affaires for town, city or in some cases for country for development process worldwide. Moreover they are been adopted even in developing countries such Saudi Arabia in various local governments and Al-Madinah is one of those. These information systems are not applied for just administrative issues, but more for analytical and planning tasks. Such information systems those are used in urban planning are called 'Urban Information Systems' especially the Geographic Information Systems "GIS". This paper reviews literature of urban information systems through three levels: globally, regionally, and locally. Then how this will requires a reform of local governments and municipalities to gain form existing electronic technologies and governmental agencies and bodies, individuals, and public in integrating efforts in developments of cities. More over it explores the case of the project of Al-Madinah e-government'. At last the paper shows how GIS can be used for local planning for future projects, measures forecast, and policy setting. E-government project in Al-Madinah is the first one in Saudi, and will be applied in all over the rest cities. Urban information systems are promising huge capabilities and potentials for efficiency of urban planning in terms of: Public participation, electronic research for urban data, and supporting decision making.
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15

Zhou, Ja Feng. "The Theoretical Value and Realistic Significance of Government Governmental Responsibility Research in Urban Planning Management." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 1867–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.1867.

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Urban planning management can not be implemented without government’s control and coordination. It is governmental responsibility to achieve the harmonious development of the city. Therefore, governmental responsibility we pointed is not only a promise, but also closely related to the confirmation of government function, the structure of government model and political process of the government. It has great theoretical value and realistic significance to do the research on governmental responsibility in Urban Planning Management.
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16

Zhong, Yang, Yongguo Chen, Fei Feng, and Kuiming Wang. "Urban Government Performance in the Eyes of Chinese Urban Residents." Asian Journal of Social Science 43, no. 3 (2015): 299–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685314-04303005.

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Urban China always plays important political role in contemporary Chinese history. Urban residents, especially in provincial capital cities, are better educated and live in political, economic and social centers in China. Their support is indispensable for the current government in China. Utilizing a large-scale survey data this study explores sources of subjective evaluation of local municipal government policy performance among Chinese urban residents in ten large Chinese cities. Descriptively, this study finds moderate satisfaction with city government performance among Chinese urbanites, which seems to lend support to Chinese government’s performance-based political legitimacy and explains relative political stability in China. Analytically, it is found that, while perceived public participation in municipal policy-making process, perceived government transparency, and personal life satisfaction increase Chinese urban residents’ positive evaluation of government performance, perceived official corruption, democratic orientation and level of political interest lead to negative evaluation of government performance among Chinese urbanites.
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17

Jarman, A. M. G., and A. Kouzmin. "Australian Metropolitan Development: Local Government Reform and Urban Growth into the 1990s." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 11, no. 2 (June 1993): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c110143.

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During the past four decades, many national governments, both centralist and federal, have spent considerable resources on planning for improved types of human settlement. Sometimes, grand schemes of regional planning, ‘New Town’ development, vast subdivisional tracting, and, even, industrial policy have been prepared and implemented in the name of urban and metropolitan development. The developmental role of local councils, as governmental authorities, has been either understated or underutilized; often, both. Australian governments should now reflect upon past policies and, most particularly, reconsider the role of a proactive local government sector in future metropolitan and urban development. In general terms, a multigenerational model regarding Australian urban policy design is considered. The first three, and more conventional, generations consist of: (1) the local government ‘fragmentation’ dispute, whereby local authorities are regarded as being too small, parochial, and ineffective as planning institutions; (2) the ‘New Town’ period, involving centralized planning and funding; and (3) a consolidation era where many different types of corporate, multifocal authority agencies have been created. The fourth generation constitutes the governmentally approved multifunction polis (MFP): A unique Japanese–Australian vision of a 21st century technopolis. It is argued that a further, fifth, model needs to be considered in the context of Australia's continuing outer-(sub)urban development. A linear growth-linkage model is presented; one which enhances the role of local government planning and development near the various state-located capital cities.
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18

Gebhardt, Matthew. "The Federal Government and Urban Housing." Housing Studies 29, no. 1 (December 14, 2012): 166–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2012.752632.

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19

Dente, Bruno, Luigi Bobbio, and Alessandra Spada. "Government or Governance of Urban Innovation?" disP - The Planning Review 41, no. 162 (January 2005): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02513625.2005.10556931.

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20

Hambleton, Robin. "Urban Government under Thatcher and Reagan." Urban Affairs Quarterly 24, no. 3 (March 1989): 359–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004208168902400304.

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21

Lewi, Hannah, and Gary Wickham. "Modern Urban Government: A Foucaultian Perspective." Urban Policy and Research 14, no. 1 (March 1996): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08111149608551612.

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22

Maruna, Marija. "Local government and sustainable urban development." SAJ - Serbian Architectural Journal 7, no. 3 (2015): 259–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/saj1503259m.

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23

Deng, F. Frederic. "China's Urban Land Reform, Urban Productivity, and Local Government Behavior." Eurasian Geography and Economics 44, no. 3 (April 2003): 210–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/1538-7216.44.3.210.

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24

Zhang, Na, Xiangxiang Zhang, and Yingjie Yang. "The Behavior Mechanism of the Urban Joint Distribution Alliance under Government Supervision from the Perspective of Sustainable Development." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 7, 2019): 6232. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226232.

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Urban joint distribution is closely related to the national economy and people’s livelihood, and governments and enterprises play an active role in the process of urban joint distribution. From the perspective of government regulations, this paper explores the mechanism and evolution law of the behavior of an urban joint distribution alliance. Based on the evolutionary game theory, a model of homogeneous enterprises participating in urban joint distribution operations under the guidance of government regulations is constructed. The mechanism and follow-up of alliance behavior are analyzed through the simulation of the relationship between parameters. It is found that, firstly, from the perspective of government regulations, in the early stage of the implementation of urban joint distribution projects, when the benefits of synergetic cooperation of enterprise alliances are relatively low and the costs are relatively high, it is necessary for the government to formulate incentive policies to improve government subsidies or to increase the penalties for non-cooperation of enterprises; Once a benign logistics environment and market mechanism are formed, the cooperation benefits increase, and the costs decrease, the government can then withdraw its supervision. Secondly, in the process of establishing urban joint distribution alliance under government supervision, it is better for the enterprises to actively achieve alliance cooperation and obtain government subsidies instead of passively accepting government supervision and paying penalties, in order to promote the formation of logistics ecological environment and market mechanism.
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Buitelaar, Edwin, and Hans Leinfelder. "Public Design of Urban Sprawl: Governments and the Extension of the Urban Fabric in Flanders and the Netherlands." Urban Planning 5, no. 1 (March 6, 2020): 46–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v5i1.2669.

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Urban sprawl is often portrayed as a (quasi-)natural process, as inevitable and taking place behind our backs. However, we claim that it is co-produced by government: Governments not only allow sprawl to happen, but often also incentivise and stimulate it, either knowingly or unintentionally. We substantiate this claim by comparing urban development and government institutions in Flanders (Belgium) to the Netherlands, two neighbouring territories, yet very different regarding this matter. Urban development in the Netherlands is considered orderly and compact, whereas in Flanders it is considered haphazard and sprawled. Urban planning, too, could not be more different. Strong national planning and an active local land policy characterise Dutch planning, while the opposite applies to Flanders. Although these images seem largely accurate, we argue that it is very particular government institutions in both<em> </em>countries that (help) create and reproduce the various degrees of urban sprawl.
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Swanson, Jeffrey, and Charles Barrilleaux. "State Government Preemption of Local Government Decisions Through the State Courts." Urban Affairs Review 56, no. 2 (June 26, 2018): 671–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087418783273.

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What factors are associated with state government preemption of local government policies? This research asks whether state courts limit local authority in areas in which local preferences differ from the state’s, and whether this is conditioned by the level of autonomy the state grants the local government. Using a newly constructed data set of 404 local governments that had local ordinances challenged in state courts between the years 1996 and 2017, we find that local governments with citizen ideological preferences that differ from the state are less likely to have an ordinance preempted by the courts when the level of local autonomy given by the state is high. Thus, institutions like home rule provide local governments with certain legal protections from challenges to local authority.
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Okwesili, Joseph, Ndukwe, Chinyere, and Nwuzor, Chidi Iroko. "Urban Solid Waste Management And Environmental Sustainability In Abakaliki Urban, Nigeria." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 23 (August 29, 2016): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n23p155.

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Waste management has become a common issue of discourse among individuals, groups and governments. This study which assessed urban solid waste management in Ebonyi state with focus on Abakaliki urban specifically sought to find out why indiscriminate solid waste disposal/dumps has persisted in Abakaliki urban, investigate the measures put in place to curtail the tide and ascertain the extent to which indiscriminate waste disposal affects people’s health and environment. Four null hypotheses were formulated and Human Capital Theory was adopted as the theoretical framework. The study used survey design whereby data were collected from the sample considered to be representative of the population. Taro Yameni’s formula was applied to reduce the initial population of 116,987 to a smaller researchable size of 399 while data were collected through structured questionnaire. The data collected were presented in tables containing frequencies of the responses and their corresponding percentages. The four hypotheses of the study were tested using chi-square (X2) statistical tool and the result of the analyses revealed that: there is currently no government approved dumpsites in Abakaliki metropolis, most communicable diseases are contracted from dirty environment, among others. The implications are that most households will soon be cut off by flood arising from the blockage of water channels, some streets and roads will be blocked by heaps of wastes and more epidemics will be contracted by the people if nothing urgent was done. The study concluded that, the Ebonyi State Environmental Protection Agency (EBSEPA) currently have no required manpower, technical skills and competences to curtail the tide of waste and therefore made the following recommendations: Ebonyi state government should strengthen the already established departments of Environmental and Health Sciences in Ebonyi State University (EBSU) and the School of Health Technology, Ezzamgbo, by providing and equipping them with modern waste management equipment for students to be exposed to practical methods of waste management, Government should contract foreign-based private firm through Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) arrangement to establish waste management industry in Ebonyi state, immediate provision of permanent waste dumpsites by the government, among others.
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Rosdiana, Haula, Edi Slamet Irianto, and Murwendah. "Analyzing the determinant variables on the difficulty of transfer power of rural and urban property tax from central to regional government in Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 74 (2018): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187401010.

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Motivated by rapid development of local autonomy and fiscal decentralization in Indonesia, this study aims to analyze determinant variables that causing the difficulty in the transfer policy of Rural and Urban Property Tax from central to regional governments. This program was designed to mitigate the fiscal disparities and revenue inequality among local authorities, also to increase the local people welfare. To comply with Government Law Number 28/2010 on Regional Tax and Levy, government transfers the right and authority of Rural and Urban Property Tax from central into regional government since 1 January 2011. By 31 December 2012, only 18 regional authorities have undergone the program and the rest seems to be having some difficulties. The study adopted a constructivism approach with qualitative method. The results show some determinant variables that causing the difficulties on this policy: (1) the weakness of bureaucratic attitude adhering to local government; (2) central and regional government are still not on the same page on collecting fee for Rural and Urban Property Tax; (3) the unclear formulation on fee collection of Rural and Urban Property Tax; (4) the lack of competency in the local government and short of experiences in Rural and Urban Property Tax collection.
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29

Visser, James A. "Understanding Local Government Cooperation in Urban Regions." American Review of Public Administration 32, no. 1 (March 2002): 40–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0275074002032001003.

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Hero, Rodney. "INFORMATION AND URBAN GOVERNMENT: AN EXPLORATORY LOOK." Southeastern Political Review 15, no. 1 (November 12, 2008): 159–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1346.1987.tb00230.x.

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Collins, Charles David. "Local government and urban protest in Colombia." Public Administration and Development 8, no. 4 (October 1988): 421–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230080405.

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White, Gordon. "Urban government and market reforms in China." Public Administration and Development 11, no. 2 (March 1991): 149–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230110206.

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Oliveira, Eduardo. "Local government and urban governance in Europe." Planning Theory & Practice 19, no. 2 (October 23, 2017): 310–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14649357.2017.1385754.

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34

Hambleton, Robin. "Reflections on Urban Government in the USA." Policy & Politics 21, no. 4 (October 1, 1993): 245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/030557393782330976.

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35

Aijaz, Rumi. "Form of Urban Local Government in India." Journal of Asian and African Studies 43, no. 2 (April 2008): 131–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021909607087217.

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36

Crampton, Graham. "Local Government Structure and Urban Residential Location." Urban Studies 33, no. 7 (August 1996): 1061–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420989650011500.

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37

Moore, Trivess, and David Higgins. "Influencing urban development through government demonstration projects." Cities 56 (July 2016): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2016.02.010.

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Rojas, Eduardo. "Government-market interactions in urban development policy." Cities 12, no. 6 (December 1995): 399–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0264-2751(95)00084-y.

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39

Pullen, John. "Government Infrastructure Investment Dividends and Urban Development." American Journal of Economics and Sociology 80, no. 2 (March 2021): 721–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajes.12388.

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40

Przeworski, J. Fox. "Changing Intergovernmental Relations and Urban Economic Development." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 4, no. 4 (December 1986): 423–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c040423.

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Three transformations are occurring at present in OECD countries: (1) economic systems are undergoing structural adjustments, (2) the role of government with regard to the economy is being redefined, and (3) the relations among different levels of government as well as between public and private institutions are being revamped. The central question of this paper is what are the impacts of changing intergovernmental relations on planning and implementing urban economic development programmes. Appropriate initiatives necessarily involve a wide range of policies and institutions. The public efforts to confront local economic problems constitute the hub of activities of numerous governmental and quasigovernmental institutions.
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Heim, Carol E. "Introduction: Public and Private Provision of Urban Public Goods." Social Science History 39, no. 3 (2015): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ssh.2015.60.

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What is public, what is private, and what is the relationship between them? Can the public interest be clearly identified and protected? What role should government play in the lives of ordinary citizens? These are questions currently engaging policy makers and the general public as well as scholars in a range of disciplines. The provision and financing of urban public goods is one arena in which such questions have arisen. Historically, governments, private entities, and mixed forms such as public-private partnerships have undertaken these activities in the United States and other countries (Beito et al. 1989; Dyble 2010; Goodrich 1960; Hodge et al. 2010; Jacobson and Tarr 1995). In the late-twentieth- and early-twenty-first-century United States, tax revolts and concerns about “big government” led to increased scrutiny of the appropriate role of government. Contracting out of government activities and privatization both assumed increased importance (Dyble 2012; Light 1999).
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Goldsmith, Mike. "Local Government." Urban Studies 29, no. 3-4 (May 1992): 393–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00420989220080501.

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43

Poppelaars, Caelesta. "Resource Exchange in Urban Governance." Urban Affairs Review 43, no. 1 (September 2007): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078087407302766.

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An explanatory framework based on the classic resource dependency perspective is used to explain a broad variety of urban government-interest group interactions that are not fully explained by current urban governance theories. A case study of Dutch urban immigrant integration shows that one must combine considerations of information and intermediation capacity to explain why Dutch urban governments interact with immigrant organizations, in addition to common findings about institutional heritage. Their information and intermediation capacity allows local governments to get in touch quickly with immigrant groups during periods that potentially threaten the social order and public safety and creates incentives to maintain grants and keep in touch, whereas contributions of such groups to effective implementation are at least doubted.
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44

ISOLANA, JACK B. "Prospects and Challenges in Creating Metro-Governments: The Case of Metro-Vigan Initiative in the Philippines." Journal of Public Administration and Governance 10, no. 4 (December 3, 2020): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v10i4.18031.

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Local problems that go beyond jurisdictional boundaries such as; traffic congestions, pollution, garbage collection and disposal, environmental degradation, flooding, criminalities, pandemic, and other public health issues are readily seen and felt in urban areas today. To effectively address these inter-local problems, the establishment of metropolitan organizations has become a necessity. One of the primary functions of metro government is to manage the affairs of urban growth particularly in addressing the problems that go beyond the geographical boundaries of local governments. As a developmental strategy among adjacent local government units, metropolization requires a rules-based approach in order to effectively govern and address inter-local government problems and concerns.The common issues that metro governments deal with include urban growth areas development, controlling urban sprawl and its effects like pollution, solid waste disposal, traffic congestion and others. The rationale behind setting-up a single authority among local government units is to deal with inter-local concerns which cannot be efficiently and effectively addressed by disjointed actions of individual local government.The study looked into the state of inter-local relations among the eight component-local government units of the Metro Vigan Coordinating Council (MVCC). It identifies the common problems that transcend the geographical boundaries of the local government units as well as the common development potentials that can be optimized through inter-local cooperation. It highlighted the legal, institutional, and financial challenges of the Metro-Vigan initiative, and offers recommendation to deepen and broaden the inter-local cooperation.
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45

Hardi, Rudi, and Srirath Gohwong. "E-Government Based Urban Governance on the Smart City Program in Makassar, Indonesia." Journal of Contemporary Governance and Public Policy 1, no. 1 (May 30, 2020): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.46507/jcgpp.v1i1.10.

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This article discusses about urban governance of Smart City Program in the Makassar City, which is the mainstay program of the Makassar City Government and identifies factors that are driving and inhibiting the realization of Good Urban Governance based on E-Government in Smart City Program. This type of research was qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data collecting was used instrument in the form of observation and documentation then developed from the interviews of informants. The fact in the field indicated that E-Government-based urban governance on Smart City program in the Makassar is seen from the indicators of urban management, namely planning, organizing, implementing and controlling according to the development goals in the Makassar Government's vision and mission.
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46

Olowu, Dele. "Urban local government finance in Nigeria: The case of Onitsha local government." Public Administration and Development 12, no. 1 (February 1992): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pad.4230120104.

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47

Kurchin, Oleh. "Topical issues of improving the competence of local governments in the field of urban planning in the context of municipal reform." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Pravo 10, no. 19 (2020): 118–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3047-2020-10-19-118-124.

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The article is devoted to the study of topical issues of improving the competence of local governments in the field of urban planning activities in the context of municipal reform. It is argued that the implementation of the European legal standards of urban planning activities of local self-government should be dialectically combined with the general adaptation of Ukrainian land, urban planning, architectural legislation to universal and European principles and norms, in particular with respect to the proper standardization of state architectural and construction control with the transfer of most of the relevant powers to level of executive bodies of local self-government. Thus, European legal standards of urban planning of local governments are framework, creating a certain conceptual standardized model of representative and executive local institutions as urban entities, which is filled with standardized, objectified and filled with specific functions and powers at the national level through the adoption of special institutions, legislative acts. At the same time, the optimal in the current conditions of constitutional decentralization form of implementation of European legal standards of urban planning of local governments is the transformation of the basic principles of sustainable urban development, embodied in universal and regional (European) sources of recommendation. It is emphasized that local self-government today is an integral part of the implementation and livelihood of the population, acting within a single policy of public authorities of each country. In today's world, local self-government is also the basis for the development of democracy, the formation of a common interest and responsibility of residents in the development and resolution of issues at the local level, including urban planning as one of the most important key issues of local importance. At the present stage, the role of international (universal and regional) legal standards for the regulation of urban planning is constantly growing, which requires the development of appropriate ways to implement such standards in the national legal system. It is argued that integrated urban development policies can help to improve these factors, for example, through the cooperation of all participants, support for the creation of network models and the optimization of local structures. The policy of integrated urban development promotes social and intercultural dialogue.
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48

Anttiroiko, Ari-Veikko. "Successful Government Responses to the Pandemic." International Journal of E-Planning Research 10, no. 2 (April 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.20210401.oa1.

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This article discusses national and local strategies for confronting COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis sheds light on how societal context, institutional arrangements, knowledge culture, and technology deployment manifest in national responses to the pandemic. Discussion describes country cases from East and South East Asia, on the one hand, and from Europe and Asia-Pacific, on the other. The overall impression is that Asian cases reflect proactivity and diligence, while Western responses are reactive and more often than not slightly delayed. Both country groups include successes, while the overwhelming majority of global benchmarks are Asian. As the management of COVID-19 crisis is essentially a multi-level governance issue, discussion about national strategies is supplemented with a glance at the role of cities. The COVID-19-related urban challenges revolve around increased interest in urban safety, creative approaches to and the uses of urban space, the rise of digital urban platforms, and deeper insights on citizen engagement.
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49

Sra, Harjeet Kaur. "Environmental Awareness of Government and Non-Government College Students of Chandigarh." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN EDUCATION METHODOLOGY 11 (February 28, 2020): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijrem.v11i.8659.

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The present investigation is carried out to study the Environmental Awareness of Government and Non-Government College Students of Chandigarh. The sample consisted of 200 (100 male and 100 female) govt. And non-govt. College students of Chandigarh. The investigator has used. Self-prepared standardized Environmental Awareness Questionnaire (EAQ) for collection of data. The data collected was processed for statistical analysis through a t-test. There was no significant difference between boy and girl college students with regard to their Environmental Awareness (EA). A significant difference in the EA scores was found in the government and non-government college students of Chandigarh at 0.05 level, which was in favour of non-govt. College students. Also, significant difference was found in the level of EA of college students living in the rural and urban areas of Chandigarh favouring the urban group.
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50

Huda, S. S. M. Sadrul, Rumana Parveen, and Masud Ibn Rahman. "E-Government." International Journal of E-Politics 1, no. 4 (October 2010): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jep.2010100105.

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E-Government can be used as an effective tool to create a relationship of trust and confidence between government and people as well as to generate greater efficiency and responsiveness of government. This empirical study observes people’s opinions and expectations about positive outcomes of e-Government. The researchers have identified the expectation level among urban people in Bangladesh concerning outcomes of e-Government and the variability in these expectations in terms of their demographic characteristics. In this regard, the authors emphasize the application of e-Government to improve government’s performance as well as locating the critical factors to succeed in such application.
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