Journal articles on the topic 'Urban façade'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Urban façade.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Urban façade.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Zhang, Jiaxin, Tomohiro Fukuda, and Nobuyoshi Yabuki. "Development of a City-Scale Approach for Façade Color Measurement with Building Functional Classification Using Deep Learning and Street View Images." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 8 (August 16, 2021): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080551.
Full textAbstract:
Precise measuring of urban façade color is necessary for urban color planning. The existing manual methods of measuring building façade color are limited by time and labor costs and hardly carried out on a city scale. These methods also make it challenging to identify the role of the building function in controlling and guiding urban color planning. This paper explores a city-scale approach to façade color measurement with building functional classification using state-of-the-art deep learning techniques and street view images. Firstly, we used semantic segmentation to extract building façades and conducted the color calibration of the photos for pre-processing the collected street view images. Then, we proposed a color chart-based façade color measurement method and a multi-label deep learning-based building classification method. Next, the field survey data were used as the ground truth to verify the accuracy of the façade color measurement and building function classification. Finally, we applied our approach to generate façade color distribution maps with the building classification for three metropolises in China, and the results proved the transferability and effectiveness of the scheme. The proposed approach can provide city managers with an overall perception of urban façade color and building function across city-scale areas in a cost-efficient way, contributing to data-driven decision making for urban analytics and planning.
2
Jänicke, Britta, Fred Meier, Marie-Therese Hoelscher, and Dieter Scherer. "Evaluating the Effects of Façade Greening on Human Bioclimate in a Complex Urban Environment." Advances in Meteorology 2015 (2015): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/747259.
Full textAbstract:
The evaluation of the effectiveness of countermeasures for a reduction of urban heat stress, such as façade greening, is challenging due to lacking transferability of results from one location to another. Furthermore, complex variables such as the mean radiant temperature(Tmrt)are necessary to assess outdoor human bioclimate. We observedTmrtin front of a building façade in Berlin, Germany, which is half-greened while the other part is bare.Tmrtwas reduced (mean 2 K) in front of the greened compared to the bare façade. To overcome observational shortcomings, we applied the microscale models ENVI-met, RayMan, and SOLWEIG. We evaluated these models based on observations. Our results show thatTmrt(MD = −1.93 K) and downward short-wave radiation (MD = 14.39 W/m2) were sufficiently simulated in contrast to upward short-wave and long-wave radiation. Finally, we compare the simulated reduction ofTmrtwith the observed one in front of the façade greening, showing that the models were not able to simulate the effects of façade greening with the applied settings. Our results reveal that façade greening contributes only slightly to a reduction of heat stress in front of building façades.
3
Năstase, Gabriel, Ioan Silviu Doboși, Alin Ionuț Brezeanu, Daniel Taus, Maria Bianca Tăbăcaru, Beatrice Georgiana Vuțoiu, Diana Rusu, Alexandru Mihai Bulmez, and Nicolae Fani Iordan. "Experimental Heat Transfer, Sound Insulation and Interior Comfort Parameters Assessment on a Box Double-Skin Façade." Buildings 12, no. 6 (May 27, 2022): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12060730.
Full textAbstract:
The envelope (façade) of a building is the part that forms the primary barrier to its environment. Most of the new and modern office buildings have a glazed envelope and are usually built-in city centers. The concept of a double-skin façade was born as a consequence of urban noise. The principal noise source in urban areas is traffic noise. Using a double-skin façade can be a solution that ensures good sound insulation for a glazed office building. This study presents experimental results obtained both from measurement campaigns carried out over longer periods of time, in connection with heat transfer in the case of this system, and punctual measurements, over shorter periods of time, for sound insulation and interior comfort parameters, from the experimental chamber adjacent to the system. The results from this study indicate that box double-skin façades can contribute to noise reduction, improve the interior thermal comfort and increase the energetic performance compared to normal single-glass façades, but within certain limits.
4
Zhong, Teng, Cheng Ye, Zian Wang, Guoan Tang, Wei Zhang, and Yu Ye. "City-Scale Mapping of Urban Façade Color Using Street-View Imagery." Remote Sensing 13, no. 8 (April 20, 2021): 1591. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13081591.
Full textAbstract:
Precise urban façade color is the foundation of urban color planning. Nevertheless, existing research on urban colors usually relies on manual sampling due to technical limitations, which brings challenges for evaluating urban façade color with the co-existence of city-scale and fine-grained resolution. In this study, we propose a deep learning-based approach for mapping the urban façade color using street-view imagery. The dominant color of the urban façade (DCUF) is adopted as an indicator to describe the urban façade color. A case study in Shenzhen was conducted to measure the urban façade color using Baidu Street View (BSV) panoramas, with city-scale mapping of the urban façade color in both irregular geographical units and regular grids. Shenzhen’s urban façade color has a gray tone with low chroma. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has a high level of accuracy for the extraction of the urban façade color. In short, this study contributes to the development of urban color planning by efficiently analyzing the urban façade color with higher levels of validity across city-scale areas. Insights into the mapping of the urban façade color from the humanistic perspective could facilitate higher quality urban space planning and design.
5
Rezazadeh, Hamidreza, Zahra Salahshoor, Ferial Ahmadi, and Farshad Nasrollahi. "Reduction of carbon dioxide by bio-façades for sustainable development of the environment." Environmental Engineering Research 27, no. 2 (March 2, 2021): 200583–0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4491/eer.2020.583.
Full textAbstract:
Nowadays, air pollution and consequently global warming are the major problems that the earth is faced with. These issues can influence climate change and human health. Building façades can play a significant role in the air quality of the urban environment. Therefore, this study draws upon the ability of nature in controlling carbon dioxide to compare three types of bio-façades (i.e. Water façade, Green façade, and Microalgae façade) and to identify an appropriate one. For this purpose, we analyzed documents and scientific literature qualitatively. Then, we identified the aforementioned types of biological façades and selected the most optimal one through the comparison. Additionally, for this comparison, the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method was employed that resulted in achieving the higher scores by the microalgae façade among other bio-façades mentioned above. The major criteria considered for the AHP analysis included climatic, economic, architectural, environmental, and structural aspects of using the noted bio-façades in buildings. It should be emphasized that the environmental aspect was obtained as the most influential criterion among others. Finally, some technical tips and design requirements for bioreactors are depicted and discussed along with their upcoming challenges and future research direction.
6
Boller, M. A., and M. Steiner. "Diffuse emission and control of copper in urban surface runoff." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 6-7 (September 1, 2002): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0677.
Full textAbstract:
Copper washed off from roofs and roads is considered to be a major contribution to diffuse copper pollution of urban environments. In order to guarantee sustainable protection of soils and water, the long-term strategy is to avoid or replace copper containing materials on roofs and façades. Until achievement of this goal, a special adsorber system is suggested to control the diffuse copper fluxes by retention of copper by a mixture of granulated iron-hydroxide (GEH) and calcium carbonate. Since future stormwater runoff concepts are based on decentralised runoff infiltration into the underground, solutions are proposed which provide for copper retention in infiltration sites using GEH adsorption layers. The example of a large copper façade of which the runoff is treated in an adsorption trench reveals the first full-scale data on façade runoff and adsorber performance. During the first year of investigation average façade runoff concentrations in the range of 1-10 mg Cu/l are reduced by 96-99% in the adsorption ditch.
7
Calleri, Cristina, Louena Shtrepi, Alessandro Armando, and Arianna Astolfi. "Evaluation of the influence of building façade design on the acoustic characteristics and auditory perception of urban spaces." Building Acoustics 25, no. 1 (March 2018): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1351010x18757353.
Full textAbstract:
Auditory perception has been proved to have an influence on how we live and move through places and on the use of public spaces. However, despite the numerous studies that have focused on the theme of soundscape and auditory perception of urban spaces, these aspects have not been studied in connection with the design of the building surrounding such spaces. This study focuses on the influence of façade design on acoustic characteristics of an urban space and on the subjective spatial perception of the users. Simulations and auralizations have been conducted through ODEON software (v.13) on the virtual model of a small square of Turin (Italy). Different absorption and scattering coefficients of façade upholsteries have been applied to the façades of the building surrounding the square, choosing from a pool of typical building façade materials. Results of a listening test have proved that the absorption coefficient of the façades has an influence on the subjective perception of space wideness. Moreover, multiple regression analysis has been conducted in order to find a mathematical relation between space wideness perception and objective acoustic parameters. It was shown that the relation between the perceptual aspects and the objective parameters is strongly dependent on the listening position.
8
Mahdavi, Ardeshir, and Shiva Najaf Khosravi. "Acoustical and airflow considerations concerning double-layered façades with openings for natural ventilation." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 24002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017224002.
Full textAbstract:
Numbers of factors such as noise exposure may constrain the use of natural ventilation, especially in the urban settings. Noise exposure was the motivation behind a previous research effort, recognizing that noise exposure hampers the operation of windows for natural ventilation. Thereby, specific designs of double-leaf façade solutions for concurrent natural ventilation and noise protection were empirically investigated. Tested variables included the position and size of the openings, the relative displacement of openings in the façade’s two layers, as well as acoustical dampening (sound absorption) in the interstitial space between the two layers. The study of the models estimated the resulting sound insulation level of double-layered façades as a function of the aforementioned variables. In the present contribution, we further examine the airflow implications of the aforementioned double-façade configurations via computational fluid dynamic application based on a generic single-zone space. Natural ventilation efficiency in the building is evaluated by means of computed mean velocity and age of air inside the zone. High-resolution 3D steady CFD simulations of single-sided ventilation are performed for 9 configurations (sizes and positions) of the openings in the double-layered façade. The results illustrate the effects of these configuration on air flow circumstances in the test space.
9
Balderrama, Alvaro, Jian Kang, Alejandro Prieto, Alessandra Luna-Navarro, Daniel Arztmann, and Ulrich Knaack. "Effects of Façades on Urban Acoustic Environment and Soundscape: A Systematic Review." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (August 5, 2022): 9670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159670.
Full textAbstract:
Façades cover a significant amount of surfaces in cities and are in constant interaction with the acoustic environment. Noise pollution is one of the most concerning burdens for public health and wellbeing; however, façade acoustic performance is generally not considered in outdoor spaces, in contrast to indoor spaces. This study presents a systematic literature review examining 40 peer-reviewed papers regarding the effects of façades on the urban acoustic environment and the soundscape. Façades affect sound pressure levels and reverberation time in urban spaces and can affect people’s perception of the acoustic environment. The effects are classified into three groups: Effects of façades on the urban acoustic environment, including sound-reflecting, sound-absorbing and sound-producing effects; Effects of façades on the urban soundscape, including auditory and non-auditory effects; Effects of the context on the acoustic environment around façades, including boundary effects and atmospheric effects.
10
Bacharidis, Konstantinos, Froso Sarri, and Lemonia Ragia. "3D Building Façade Reconstruction Using Deep Learning." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 5 (May 13, 2020): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9050322.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, advances in computer hardware, graphics rendering algorithms and computer vision have enabled the utilization of 3D building reconstructions in the fields of archeological structure restoration and urban planning. This paper deals with the reconstruction of realistic 3D models of buildings façades, in the urban environment for cultural heritage. The proposed approach is an extension of our previous work in this research topic, which introduced a methodology for accurate 3D realistic façade reconstruction by defining and exploiting a relation between stereoscopic image and tacheometry data. In this work, we re-purpose well known deep neural network architectures in the fields of image segmentation and single image depth prediction, for the tasks of façade structural element detection, depth point-cloud generation and protrusion estimation, with the goal of alleviating drawbacks in our previous design, resulting in a more light-weight, robust, flexible and cost-effective design.
11
Abdou, Amal, Iman Gawad, and Yasmine ElTouny. "The Environmental and Economical Impacts of Using Media Façades in Commercial Buildings in Egypt." International Journal of Environmental Science & Sustainable Development. 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/essd.v1i2.86.
Full textAbstract:
Media façades is a subdivision of urban computing integrating digital displays into buildings, including structures and road furniture. It is frequently connected with overdimensional screens and vivified, lit up publicizing, and places like Times Square. The façade is dematerialized and transformed into one immense promoting medium for sending messages. Media façades can bring out the most assorted feelings, from a major city feeling to disturbance at light contamination. They are likewise seen as Pop Art or as blemishes. Design tends to utilize media façades increasingly as a stylistic component. What used to be added to exteriors after the building development more in the method for a flaw is currently a part of the design procedure and offers new extension for visionary outline which is authored to the term 'Mediatecture'.This research identifies the impact of using media façades on commercial buildings environmentally and economically. In addition to that experimental design cases of interactive building façades will be discussed and a SWOT analysis would be made to exemplify the challenges and discuss how they may be addressed. Also, the examples are presented to demonstrate how to work with the difficulties inalienable in media façade design forms taking into account the formation of different proposals for a media façade on current Public buildings and new ones in Egypt.
12
Abdou, Amal, Iman Gawad, and Yasmine ElTouny. "The Environmental and Economical Impacts of Using Media Façades in Commercial Buildings in Egypt." International Journal of Environmental Science & Sustainable Development 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/essd.v2i1.86.
Full textAbstract:
Media façades is a subdivision of urban computing integrating digital displays into buildings, including structures and road furniture. It is frequently connected with over dimensional screens and vivified, lit up publicizing, and places like Times Square. The façade is dematerialized and transformed into one immense promoting medium for sending messages. Media façades can bring out the most assorted feelings, from a major city feeling to disturbance at light contamination. They are likewise seen as Pop Art or as blemishes. Design tends to utilize media façades increasingly as a stylistic component. What used to be added to exteriors after the enhanced building development in the method for a flaw is currently a part of the design procedure and offers new extension for visionary outline which is authored to the term 'Mediatecture'.
This research identifies the impact of using media façades on commercial buildings environmentally and economically. In addition to that, experimental design cases of interactive building façades will be discussed and a SWOT analysis will be analyzed to exemplify the challenges and discuss how they may be addressed. Also, the examples are presented to demonstrate how to work with the difficulties inalienable in media façade design forms taking into account the formation of different proposals for a media façade on current public and new buildings in Egypt.
13
Zhang, Shenman, Pengjie Tao, Lei Wang, Yaolin Hou, and Zhihua Hu. "Improving Details of Building Façades in Open LiDAR Data Using Ground Images." Remote Sensing 11, no. 4 (February 18, 2019): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11040420.
Full textAbstract:
Recent open data initiatives allow free access to a vast amount of light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data in many cities. However, most open LiDAR data of cities are acquired by airborne scanning, where points on building façades are sparse or even completely missing due to occlusions in the urban environment, leading to the absence of façade details. This paper presents an approach for improving the LiDAR data coverage on building façades by using point cloud generated from ground images. A coarse-to-fine strategy is proposed to fuse these two-point clouds of different sources with very limited overlaps. First, the façade point cloud generated from ground images is leveled by adjusting the facade normal to perpendicular to the upright direction. Then leveling façade point cloud is geolocated by alignment between images GPS data and their structure from motion (SfM) coordinates. Next, a modified coherent point drift algorithm with (surface) normal consistency is proposed to accurately align the façade point cloud to the LiDAR data. The significance of this work resides in the use of 2D overlapping points on the building outlines instead of the limited 3D overlap between the two-point clouds. This way we can still achieve reliable and precise registration under incomplete coverage and ambiguous correspondence. Experiments show that the proposed approach can significantly improve the façade details in open LiDAR data, and achieve 2 to 10 times higher registration accuracy, when compared to classic registration methods.
14
Lin, Y., F. Nex, and M. Y. Yang. "SEMANTIC BUILDING FAÇADE SEGMENTATION FROM AIRBORNE OBLIQUE IMAGES." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-2 (May 28, 2018): 209–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-2-209-2018.
Full textAbstract:
With the introduction of airborne oblique camera systems and the improvement of photogrammetric techniques, high-resolution 2D and 3D data can be acquired in urban areas. This high-resolution data allows us to perform detailed investigations on building roofs and façades which can contribute to LoD3 city modeling. Normally, façade segmentation is achieved from terrestrial views. In this paper, we address the problem from aerial views by using high resolution oblique aerial images as the data source in urban areas. In addition to traditional image features, such as RGB and SIFT, normal vector and planarity are also extracted from dense matching point clouds. Then, these 3D geometrical features are projected back to 2D space to assist façade interpretation. Random forest is trained and applied to label façade pixels. Fully connected conditional random field (CRF), capturing long-range spatial interactions, is used as a post-processing to refine our classification results. Its pairwise potential is defined by a linear combination of Gaussian kernels and the CRF model is efficiently solved by mean field approximation. Experiments show that 3D features can significantly improve classification results. Also, fully connected CRF performs well in correcting noisy pixels.
15
Wysocki, O., L. Hoegner, and U. Stilla. "TUM-FAÇADE: REVIEWING AND ENRICHING POINT CLOUD BENCHMARKS FOR FAÇADE SEGMENTATION." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-2/W1-2022 (February 25, 2022): 529–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-2-w1-2022-529-2022.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Point clouds are widely regarded as one of the best dataset types for urban mapping purposes. Hence, point cloud datasets are commonly investigated as benchmark types for various urban interpretation methods. Yet, few researchers have addressed the use of point cloud benchmarks for façade segmentation. Robust façade segmentation is becoming a key factor in various applications ranging from simulating autonomous driving functions to preserving cultural heritage. In this work, we present a method of enriching existing point cloud datasets with façade-related classes that have been designed to facilitate façade segmentation testing. We propose how to efficiently extend existing datasets and comprehensively assess their potential for façade segmentation. We use the method to create the TUM-FAÇADE dataset, which extends the capabilities of TUM-MLS-2016. Not only can TUM-FAÇADE facilitate the development of point-cloud-based façade segmentation tasks, but our procedure can also be applied to enrich further datasets.
16
Duarte, D., F. Nex, N. Kerle, and G. Vosselman. "TOWARDS A MORE EFFICIENT DETECTION OF EARTHQUAKE INDUCED FAÇADE DAMAGES USING OBLIQUE UAV IMAGERY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W6 (August 23, 2017): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w6-93-2017.
Full textAbstract:
Urban search and rescue (USaR) teams require a fast and thorough building damage assessment, to focus their rescue efforts accordingly. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) are able to capture relevant data in a short time frame and survey otherwise inaccessible areas after a disaster, and have thus been identified as useful when coupled with RGB cameras for façade damage detection. Existing literature focuses on the extraction of 3D and/or image features as cues for damage. However, little attention has been given to the efficiency of the proposed methods which hinders its use in an urban search and rescue context. The framework proposed in this paper aims at a more efficient façade damage detection using UAV multi-view imagery. This was achieved directing all damage classification computations only to the image regions containing the façades, hence discarding the irrelevant areas of the acquired images and consequently reducing the time needed for such task. To accomplish this, a three-step approach is proposed: i) building extraction from the sparse point cloud computed from the nadir images collected in an initial flight; ii) use of the latter as proxy for façade location in the oblique images captured in subsequent flights, and iii) selection of the façade image regions to be fed to a damage classification routine. The results show that the proposed framework successfully reduces the extracted façade image regions to be assessed for damage 6 fold, hence increasing the efficiency of subsequent damage detection routines. The framework was tested on a set of UAV multi-view images over a neighborhood of the city of L’Aquila, Italy, affected in 2009 by an earthquake.
17
Moghaddam, Faezeh Bagheri, Josep Maria Fort Mir, Isidro Navarro Delgado, and Ernesto Redondo Dominguez. "Evaluation of Thermal Comfort Performance of a Vertical Garden on a Glazed Façade and its Effect on Building and Urban Scale, Case Study: An Office Building in Barcelona." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 12, 2021): 6706. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126706.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this paper is to investigate the thermal performance of vertical gardens by comparing the thermal comfort of bare (glazed) and green façades in the Mediterranean climate. The proposal consists of applying a vegetation layer on a glazed façade that could control solar radiation and reduce indoor air temperatures. This study investigates the thermal performance of green façades of an office building in the Mediterranean climate. For this purpose, the Gas Natural Fenosa Office Building as a case study was simulated, that is located on a site next to the coastline in Barcelona. Dynamic building energy simulation was used to determine and assess indoor thermal conditions and, for this reason, the IES VE as a simulation tool has been utilized. Thermal comfort was assessed through the adaptive comfort approach and results were analyzed and presented in the terms of indoor comfort conditions during occupied hours. As a result, the article shows that applying a green façade as a vegetation layer caused a reduction in the internal and external façade surface temperatures, as well as the indoor air temperature of the workplace. Additionally, enhancing indoor comfort in summer is closely associated with reducing the external surface temperature. In winter, it also protects the exterior surface from the low temperature of the outside, and all of this greatly increases thermal comfort performance.
18
Larikova, Iuliia, Julia Fleckenstein, Ata Chokhachian, Thomas Auer, Wolfgang Weisser, and Kathrin Dörfler. "Additively Manufactured Urban Multispecies Façades for Building Renovation." Journal of Facade Design and Engineering 10, no. 2 (December 6, 2022): 105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47982/jfde.2022.powerskin.7.
Full textAbstract:
This research investigates the potential of additive manufacturing and digital planning tools for the creation of location-specific façade redesigns that can host cavity-dependent animal species and develops methods for their realization. The proposed approach is explored based on a case study of a student dormitory in need of renovation in the urban area of Munich. Based on theoretical knowledge and design experimentations that link the fields of architecture, climate-responsive design, terrestrial ecology, and digital fabrication, a set of design principles for the additive manufacturing of inhabitable ceramic tiles is conceived and transferred into a computational design tool. The conception of single tiles and the overall façade design are developed in terms of their positive climatic impact on both the animal species and humans, their nesting opportunities, their structural feasibility, and their integrability with standard ceramic façade systems. To verify the fabricability of the proposed design, a façade fragment was additively manufactured as a prototype in 1:1 scale. The initial findings presented in this paper provide a glimpse of how emerging digital technologies could provide new ways to expand current habitual architectural planning and fabrication tools, to enable the creation of site-specific solutions, and to bring together human and animal needs.
19
Choi, Jongseong, Chul Yeum, Shirley Dyke, and Mohammad Jahanshahi. "Computer-Aided Approach for Rapid Post-Event Visual Evaluation of a Building Façade." Sensors 18, no. 9 (September 9, 2018): 3017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18093017.
Full textAbstract:
After a disaster strikes an urban area, damage to the façades of a building may produce dangerous falling hazards that jeopardize pedestrians and vehicles. Thus, building façades must be rapidly inspected to prevent potential loss of life and property damage. Harnessing the capacity to use new vision sensors and associated sensing platforms, such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) would expedite this process and alleviate spatial and temporal limitations typically associated with human-based inspection in high-rise buildings. In this paper, we have developed an approach to perform rapid and accurate visual inspection of building façades using images collected from UAVs. An orthophoto corresponding to any reasonably flat region on the building (e.g., a façade or building side) is automatically constructed using a structure-from-motion (SfM) technique, followed by image stitching and blending. Based on the geometric relationship between the collected images and the constructed orthophoto, high-resolution region-of-interest are automatically extracted from the collected images, enabling efficient visual inspection. We successfully demonstrate the capabilities of the technique using an abandoned building of which a façade has damaged building components (e.g., window panes or external drainage pipes).
20
Wysocki, O., E. Grilli, L. Hoegner, and U. Stilla. "COMBINING VISIBILITY ANALYSIS AND DEEP LEARNING FOR REFINEMENT OF SEMANTIC 3D BUILDING MODELS BY CONFLICT CLASSIFICATION." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences X-4/W2-2022 (October 14, 2022): 289–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-x-4-w2-2022-289-2022.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Semantic 3D building models are widely available and used in numerous applications. Such 3D building models display rich semantics but no façade openings, chiefly owing to their aerial acquisition techniques. Hence, refining models’ façades using dense, street-level, terrestrial point clouds seems a promising strategy. In this paper, we propose a method of combining visibility analysis and neural networks for enriching 3D models with window and door features. In the method, occupancy voxels are fused with classified point clouds, which provides semantics to voxels. Voxels are also used to identify conflicts between laser observations and 3D models. The semantic voxels and conflicts are combined in a Bayesian network to classify and delineate façade openings, which are reconstructed using a 3D model library. Unaffected building semantics is preserved while the updated one is added, thereby upgrading the building model to LoD3. Moreover, Bayesian network results are back-projected onto point clouds to improve points’ classification accuracy. We tested our method on a municipal CityGML LoD2 repository and the open point cloud datasets: TUM-MLS-2016 and TUM-FAÇADE. Validation results revealed that the method improves the accuracy of point cloud semantic segmentation and upgrades buildings with façade elements. The method can be applied to enhance the accuracy of urban simulations and facilitate the development of semantic segmentation algorithms.
21
ERDOGAN, EBRU, and Şadiye Didem Boztepe ERKIS. "Sille Settlement in the Context of Sustainable Historical Fabric and Façade Analysis of Its Traditional Houses." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 8, no. 3 (November 30, 2014): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v8i3.214.
Full textAbstract:
Sille is located 8 km northwest of Konya city center in the Central Anatolia region. It is one of the most important and historically rooted residential units in Anatolia. Although it is located in close proximity to Konya, Sille draws attention as a unique site with its geographical structure, cultural life, beliefs and tradition. In this study, firstly, Sille’s historical significance, cultural and social characteristics are addressed with a particular focus on its distinct structure pertaining to its culture, belief, tradition and geography. Then, a typology study is carried out by explaining the city settlement constituting Sille’s historical fabric, façade characteristics and elements of Sille traditional houses. In this context, 16 traditional house façades are chosen in line with the infrastructures formed through the literature review on the subject. These house façades are examined and analyzed through the help of visual data. In the light of the data obtained from the results of this analysis, evaluations and suggestions on the preservation of Sille’s historical fabric are made.
22
Maskeliūnas, Rytis, Andrius Katkevičius, Darius Plonis, Tomyslav Sledevič, Adas Meškėnas, and Robertas Damaševičius. "Building Façade Style Classification from UAV Imagery Using a Pareto-Optimized Deep Learning Network." Electronics 11, no. 21 (October 25, 2022): 3450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11213450.
Full textAbstract:
The article focuses on utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) to capture and classify building façades of various forms of cultural sites and structures. We propose a Pareto-optimized deep learning algorithm for building detection and classification in a congested urban environment. Outdoor image processing becomes difficult in typical European metropolitan situations due to dynamically changing weather conditions as well as various objects obscuring perspectives (wires, overhangs, posts, other building parts, etc.), therefore, we also investigated the influence of such ambient “noise”. The approach was tested on 8768 UAV photographs shot at different angles and aimed at very different 611 buildings in the city of Vilnius (Wilno). The total accuracy was 98.41% in clear view settings, 88.11% in rain, and 82.95% when the picture was partially blocked by other objects and in the shadows. The algorithm’s robustness was also tested on the Harward UAV dataset containing images of buildings taken from above (roofs) while our approach was trained using images taken at an angle (façade still visible). Our approach was still able to achieve acceptable 88.6% accuracy in building detection, yet the network showed lower accuracy when assigning the correct façade class as images lacked necessary façade information.
23
Hollands, Jutta, and Azra Korjenic. "Evaluation and Planning Decision on Façade Greening Made Easy—Integration in BIM and Implementation of an Automated Design Process." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 21, 2021): 9387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169387.
Full textAbstract:
Façade greening at the intersection between buildings and urban space offers an optimal opportunity to integrate greenery into increasingly dense cities and influence the microclimate and contribute to high quality of life in urban areas. Despite proven numerous positive effects, there is still a lack of implementation and practical relevance is low until now. To integrate existing greening systems directly into future planning processes and thus keep up with the advancing digitalization in the building sector, an integration of these systems into Building Information Modeling (BIM) is urgently needed and in connection to this, the implementation of an automated planning process to support easier realization of greening projects contributing to a sustainable urban development. Therefore, BIM objects were created for five façade greening systems after analyzing the necessary basic data. Subsequently, an automated process was used to optimize the time-consuming conventional planning process of façade greening, with the aim of evaluating the simulated greening variants based on defined parameters. A case study presents the application of the prototypes and the possible calculations over the life cycle of the building. This development holds great potential by simplifying the process of decision-making and placing façade greenery on buildings.
24
Aijazi, A. K., P. Checchin, and L. Trassoudaine. "Automatic Detection and Feature Estimation of Windows for Refining Building Facades in 3D Urban Point Clouds." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences II-3 (August 7, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsannals-ii-3-1-2014.
Full textAbstract:
This paper presents a method that automatically detects windows of different shapes, in 3D LiDAR point clouds obtained from mobile terrestrial data acquisition systems in the urban environment. The proposed method first segments out 3D points belonging to the building façade from the 3D urban point cloud and then projects them onto a 2D plane parallel to the building façade. After point inversion within a watertight boundary, windows are segmented out based on geometrical information. The window features/parameters are then estimated exploiting both symmetrically corresponding windows in the façade as well as temporally corresponding windows in successive passages, based on analysis of variance measurements. This unique fusion of information not only accommodates for lack of symmetry but also helps complete missing features due to occlusions. The estimated windows are then used to refine the 3D point cloud of the building façade. The results, evaluated on real data using different standard evaluation metrics, demonstrate the efficacy as well as the technical prowess of the method.
25
Jeong, J., and T. Kim. "SEMI-AUTOMATIC BUILDING MODELS AND FAÇADE TEXTURE MAPPING FROM MOBILE PHONE IMAGES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (June 9, 2016): 613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b3-613-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Research on 3D urban modelling has been actively carried out for a long time. Recently the need of 3D urban modelling research is increased rapidly due to improved geo-web services and popularized smart devices. Nowadays 3D urban models provided by, for example, Google Earth use aerial photos for 3D urban modelling but there are some limitations: immediate update for the change of building models is difficult, many buildings are without 3D model and texture, and large resources for maintaining and updating are inevitable. To resolve the limitations mentioned above, we propose a method for semi-automatic building modelling and façade texture mapping from mobile phone images and analyze the result of modelling with actual measurements. Our method consists of camera geometry estimation step, image matching step, and façade mapping step. Models generated from this method were compared with actual measurement value of real buildings. Ratios of edge length of models and measurements were compared. Result showed 5.8% average error of length ratio. Through this method, we could generate a simple building model with fine façade textures without expensive dedicated tools and dataset.
26
Jeong, J., and T. Kim. "SEMI-AUTOMATIC BUILDING MODELS AND FAÇADE TEXTURE MAPPING FROM MOBILE PHONE IMAGES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (June 9, 2016): 613–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b3-613-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Research on 3D urban modelling has been actively carried out for a long time. Recently the need of 3D urban modelling research is increased rapidly due to improved geo-web services and popularized smart devices. Nowadays 3D urban models provided by, for example, Google Earth use aerial photos for 3D urban modelling but there are some limitations: immediate update for the change of building models is difficult, many buildings are without 3D model and texture, and large resources for maintaining and updating are inevitable. To resolve the limitations mentioned above, we propose a method for semi-automatic building modelling and façade texture mapping from mobile phone images and analyze the result of modelling with actual measurements. Our method consists of camera geometry estimation step, image matching step, and façade mapping step. Models generated from this method were compared with actual measurement value of real buildings. Ratios of edge length of models and measurements were compared. Result showed 5.8% average error of length ratio. Through this method, we could generate a simple building model with fine façade textures without expensive dedicated tools and dataset.
27
Sampaio, Alcínia Zita, Gonçalo B. Constantino, and Nuno M. Almeida. "8D BIM Model in Urban Rehabilitation Projects: Enhanced Occupational Safety for Temporary Construction Works." Applied Sciences 12, no. 20 (October 20, 2022): 10577. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122010577.
Full textAbstract:
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a relevant booster to the modernization of construction. The adoption of digital technologies positively contributes to more agile and integrated processes in all phases of the building life-cycle, namely with regard to project management activities. The implementation of BIM has been predominant in new building projects, but the current market cycle of the rehabilitation or refurbishing of existing buildings offers new opportunities of application to be explored. This paper explores such opportunities, namely with regard to the temporary construction works involved in urban rehabilitation projects with the preservation of the façades of the original buildings. It specifically addresses the impacts of the modeling efforts of steel frames and structures needed to temporarily support façades, after the demolition of the old buildings, and until the original façade is reintegrated into the structural elements of the new building. In a BIM context, an 8D model is created to explore BIM capabilities in enabling more efficient occupation safety and health coordination and management activities in building rehabilitation projects, namely in improving and validating the demolitions and construction methods and sequencing, the scheduling of construction works, and the mandatory occupational risk prevention documents for the construction site. The development of the research was supported on the use of the available BIM software: Revit, to model the façade and the temporary steel structural system; Microsoft Project, to schedule the construction works; Navisworks, to perform clash detection analyses and enable visual simulations for occupational risk, and its identification and mitigation. The study intends to contribute to the dissemination of BIM capabilities to improve occupation safety and health in construction, namely in rehabilitation projects involving temporary structures while contributing with innovative perspectives toward higher maturity in BIM implementation and use in the construction sector.
28
Speroni, Alberto, Andrea Giovanni Mainini, Andrea Zani, Riccardo Paolini, Tommaso Pagnacco, and Tiziana Poli. "Experimental Assessment of the Reflection of Solar Radiation from Façades of Tall Buildings to the Pedestrian Level." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 10, 2022): 5781. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14105781.
Full textAbstract:
Urban climates are highly influenced by the ability of built surfaces to reflect solar radiation, and the use of high-albedo materials has been widely investigated as an effective option to mitigate urban overheating. While diffusely solar reflective walls have attracted concerns in the architectural and thermal comfort community, the potential of concave and polished surfaces, such as glass and metal panels, to cause extreme glare and localized thermal stress has been underinvestigated. Furthermore, there is the need for a systematic comparison of the solar concentration at the pedestrian level in front of tall buildings. Herein, we show the findings of an experimental campaign measuring the magnitude of the sunlight reflected by scale models reproducing archetypical tall buildings. Three 1:100 scaled prototypes with different shapes (classic vertical façade, 10% tilted façade, curved concave façade) and different finishing materials (representative of extremes in reflectance properties of building materials) were assessed. A specular surface was assumed as representative of a glazed façade under high-incidence solar angles, while selected light-diffusing materials were considered sufficient proxies for plaster finishing. With a diffusely reflective façade, the incident radiation at the pedestrian level in front of the building did not increase by more than 30% for any geometry. However, with a specular reflective (i.e., mirror-like) flat façade, the incident radiation at the pedestrian level increased by more than 100% and even by more than 300% with curved solar-concentrating geometries. In addition, a tool for the preliminary evaluation of the solar reflectance risk potential of a generic complex building shape is developed and presented. Our findings demonstrate that the solar concentration risk due to mirror-like surfaces in the built environment should be a primary concern in design and urban microclimatology.
29
Garrido Velarde, Jacinto, María Jesús Montero Parejo, Julio Hernández Blanco, and Lorenzo García Moruno. "Using Native Vegetation Screens to Lessen the Visual Impact of Rural Buildings in the Sierras de Béjar and Francia Biosphere Reserve: Case Studies and Public Survey." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 6, 2019): 2595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092595.
Full textAbstract:
Tree screens have a demonstrated role in lessening the visual impact of buildings nonintegrated aesthetically by means of filtering façades. This is particularly useful on village fringes and in areas bordering urban green spaces. However, the role of other vegetal structure such as climber species, and their optimal percentage for façade filtering, have not been measured yet. The main objectives of present study were: (1) To guess if climber species have a similar positive role to lessen the visual impact of a façade than tree species, and (2) to compare optimal percentage of coverage for both vegetal structures. To explore them, we designed three percentages of partial-concealment vegetation screens (0% none, 40–50% medium, 70–80% high), comprising tree or climber native species from a study area, in eight buildings from the same region. As a result, 24 final infographics were evaluated by two groups of interviewees: 27 local people and 39 non-local university students. Respondents had to assess the integration of the building in terms of visual preference using an ascending scale with 5 options from “Very poor” = 1 to “Very good” = 5. The results show a clear linear positive response of participants when increasing the percentage of coverage by both types of vegetal screens. However, positive significant valuation over 3 points on average was reached before in tree species screens (3.06, in 40–50% of façade coverage) than in climbing species screens (3.02 in 70–80% of façade coverage). Finally, there was a high consensus in responses when both groups polled were compared.
30
Sánchez-Ramos, Irene, Javier Francisco Raposo Grau, Fernando Meseguer-Garrido, and David Mediavilla-Martín. "Energy and comfort. The historical evolution of the façade in Western Architecture." VLC arquitectura. Research Journal 9, no. 2 (October 28, 2022): 179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vlc.2022.16542.
Full textAbstract:
The envelope is considered to be the boundary between the outside and the inside of a building. The aim of this study is to analyze both the process that led the concept of the façade to evolve in Western architecture and the repercussions of such evolution, focusing on energy consumption and comfort. The entire evolution of the façade has been closely related to the evolution of materials and construction technologies. The comfort and energy characteristics of architecture have always been determined by the materials and construction technologies employed in façades. Architecture has improved in technical aspects, especially in terms of lighting and thermal comfort. Nevertheless, thermal comfort is usually linked to energy consumption, which is the parameter that has increased the most in this development, with the only exception being sustainable architecture.
31
Ujang, U., S. Azri, M. Zahir, A. Abdul Rahman, and T. L. Choon. "URBAN HEAT ISLAND MICRO-MAPPING VIA 3D CITY MODEL." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W10 (September 12, 2018): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w10-201-2018.
Full textAbstract:
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon has been a topic of intense study over the past several years. However, to visualise UHI model is still an issue. Common visualisation of UHI by using digital thematic maps shows that it is hard to perceive its impacts especially in a sophisticated micro-area such as in urbanized cities. Moreover, different building façade’s material gives different UHI value. Therefore, there is a need in computing and visualising this phenomenon in three-dimensional (3D) perspectives. Recently, the development of 3D city modelling shows the potential of solving these gaps. This can be seen from the characteristics of 3D city models that are suitable in representing micro-areas (complex cities) for UHI studies. Based on this issue, this research aims to produce a 3D UHI model by using 3D city models as a tool for efficient and sustainable building design. The main objective is to produce a new approach in visualising UHI in 3D perspectives by instigating 3D city models. Thus, the UHI effect could be predicted precisely by calculating the building façades value. This research explores the 3D shadow analysis, 3D solar radiation and 3D orientation analysis in UHI modelling via 3D city models. From the analyses, the results show that the 3D city models are capable in presenting the solar radiation value for each building façade. Furthermore, this approach can be used to simulate future UHI analysis-prediction and advantageous for pre-development planning.</p>
32
Fortin, Claude, and Kate Hennessy. "The Dual Skins of a Media Façade: Explicit and Implicit Interactions." Leonardo 48, no. 4 (August 2015): 348–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon_a_01088.
Full textAbstract:
In the fall of 2013, Mégaphone, an architectural-scale interactive “Speakers’ Corner,” was deployed outdoors after dusk in downtown Montréal, Canada. This urban art installation included a monumental media façade designed to display a transcription of some of the words uttered into the microphone by end users. Driven by the system’s two temporal modalities—a performative “live mode” and an archival “sleep mode”—the video projections revealed the dual skins of a media façade that spanned almost an entire city block. This article examines how activists appropriated Mégaphone to transform an ordinary building into an urban mausoleum.
33
Koca, Duygu. "The Dilemma of Representation Through Facades." Open House International 41, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2016-b0002.
Full textAbstract:
The exterior surface of a building -façade- as a communicative ground reflects the burdened meaning of its structure. Besides communicative capacity of façade, its independency, individuality and image dominancy can define exterior surface as an autonomous architectural element in terms of both physical and moral freedom. However, in the twenty-first century, this autonomy has undermined by globalization, technology and communication tools which are among the rapidly increasing activities of the century. Location of architecture in economic transactions and financial market has caused a loss in its internal dynamics and value system. The endeavor of providing the visual appeal only through the façade formation has caused the transformation in the dependency of exterior surface being devoid of content and context. The surfaces have been treated as changeable and renewable advertisement grounds concentrating on the visual appeal of the product, whether the aim is marketing, advertising or commercializing. Thus, the link between architecture and social structures has weakened through the commodification of the end product. In this framework, aim of this paper is (a) to make the description of façade, (b) to define the autonomy of façade through its physical and moral independency by examining cases and (c) to put forward a logical argument on the aspects which make façade an element pursuing only the visual pleasure by oversimplifying its significance in the generation of architectural idea.
34
MARTOKUSUMO, Widjaja, M. Donny KOERNIAWAN, Heru W. POERBO, Nissa A. ARDIANI, and Susan H. KRISANTI. "ALGAE AND BUILDING FAÇADE REVISITED. A STUDY OF FAÇADE SYSTEM FOR INFILL DESIGN." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 41, no. 4 (December 26, 2017): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20297955.2017.1411847.
Full textAbstract:
Buildings account for around 30 percent of the world’s total energy consumption and a similar percentage of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions the main cause of climate change. The building sector is a major energy consumer, and empirical research reveals that carbon-dioxide emissions from the building sector exceed those of the industry and transport sectors. Contextual juxtaposition has commonly been applied in designing a new building in the historic district. In the realm of design, such philosophy-based design approach requires objective measurements. When new glass building considered, the question on greenhouse gas emissions becomes significant. To minimize energy consumption and reduce sun glare, brise-soleil and horizontal fixed shading devices have been used as elements of building’s facade. Nowadays, algae as part of building facade system have been used in creating a healthier indoor environment. This paper is written based on an on-going architectural design-based research on the use and role of algae as part of the building facade system. The new building of ITB Innovation Park is used as an infill project. With the help of modelling and extensive literature survey, this research will investigate how far the building (facade) design is affected by considerations on energy consumption pattern and environmental condition.
35
Habraken, N. John. "Change and the Distribution of Design." Open House International 30, no. 1 (March 1, 2005): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-01-2005-b0003.
Full textAbstract:
In Januari 1699 Jules Hardouin Mansart, Superintendent of Buildings and “Premier Architecte” to Louis-le-Grand, king of France, put his signature to the design for what we now know as the Place Vendome. (fig.1) His design included a monumental façade wall of exquisite proportions in the neo−classical manner. The square, including the façade wall, was subsequently built by the city of Paris on request of the King. But no buildings were behind the façade. The land behind was for sale. In the next decade noblemen, bankers, tax farmers, and other prominent and wealthy citizens who served the king in various administrative and financial functions built their houses there with their own architects. These buildings kept changing and adapting over time. But the façade as Mansart built it is still what we see today.
36
Hollander, Justin B., and Eric C. Anderson. "The impact of urban façade quality on affective feelings." Archnet-IJAR: International Journal of Architectural Research 14, no. 2 (March 25, 2020): 219–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arch-07-2019-0181.
Full textAbstract:
PurposeMuch of the current literature on streetscape design emphasizes a need for well-articulated edge conditions to enhance pedestrian-orientation and the reason appears to lie in evolutionary biology: humans have a psychological preference for wall-hugging due to a well-established trait in other species: thigmotaxis.Design/methodology/approachThis study seeks to explore the relationship between urban facades and affective feelings through an empirical study, which asks: how do people perceive edge conditions in urban environments? Through a study of affect relative to edge conditions, greater insight can be generated as to the human experience in the built environment. We conducted a laboratory experiment with 76 subjects who each viewed 40 images of urban facades and rated each based on their emotional reaction.FindingsEach subject also completed two validated individual trait difference measures. We found that those images depicting thigmotaxic facades were more highly rated than other facades.Originality/valueHigh quality edge environment resulted in people feeling more pleasant than low quality edges.
37
Xiao, C., X. Xie, L. Zhang, and B. Xue. "EFFICIENT BUILDING CATEGORY CLASSIFICATION WITH FAÇADE INFORMATION FROM OBLIQUE AERIAL IMAGES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2020 (August 14, 2020): 1309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2020-1309-2020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Building category refereed to categorizing structures based on their usage is useful for urban design and management and can provide indexes of population, resource and environment related problems. Currently, the statistics are mainly collected by manual from street data or roughly extracted from remote sensing data which are either laborious or too coarse. With remote sensing data (e.g. satellite and aerial images), buildings can be automatically identified from the top-view, but the detailed categories of single buildings are not recognized. Façade from oblique-view image can greatly help us to identify the categories of buildings, for example, balcony usually exist in resident buildings. Hence, in this paper, we propose an efficient way to classify building categories with the façade information. Firstly, following the texture mapping procedure, each building’s façade textures are cropped from oblique images via a perspective transformation. Then, the average colour, the stander deviation in R, G, B channel, and the rectangle Haar-like features are extracted and feed to a further random forest classifier for their category identifications. In the experiment, we manually selected 262 building façades that can be classified into four functional types as: 1) regular residence ; 2) educational building; 3) office ; 4) condominium. The results shows that, with 30% data as training samples, the classification accuracy can reach 0.6 which is promising in real applications and we believe with more sophisticated feature descriptors and classifiers, e.g., neuronal networks, the accuracy can be much higher.
38
Kalaga, Wojciech. "FACE/FAÇADE: THE VISUAL AND THE ETHICAL." JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBANISM 34, no. 3 (September 30, 2010): 120–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tpa.2010.12.
Full textAbstract:
Face and façade share not only the same etymological derivation, but also the appeal to the visual perceptual apparatus. Their operation as visual signs/texts, however, reaches far beyond the merely iconic; in the context of the Western culture, face and façade perform the role of the exterior as symbolically representing the interior. In spite of what they have in common, the two concepts connote different ethical values. Face, especially in the Levinasian sense, implies absolute sincerity and truthfulness; façade, as a “face of the building,” is in fact a simulacrum of the interior; it implies excess and uses performative-rhetorical devices of deception. Yet the metonimical representation of the inside by the façade naturalizes – through semiotic conventions and games – its fraudulently excessive character; it is only when façade – in its derivative sense as mask – returns to the face and becomes its metaphorical substitute, that its negative ethical value comes to the fore. The paper explores and theorizes – with intercultural references – the semiotic operation of face and façade, as well as provide analyses of visual examples. Santrauka Pasitelkiant tarpkultūrinius pavyzdžius ir semantinės analizės metodą straipsnyje tiriami Veido ir Fasado vaizdinių/sąvokų reikšminis ir etinis aspektai. Ieškoma panašumo tarp abiejų vaizdinių/sąvokų etimologijos ir vizualinio suvokimo struktūrų. Gilinamasi į Veidą ir Fasadą kaip į eksterjero ženklus, simboliniame lygmenyje reprezentuojančius interjerą. Straipsnyje išryškinama, kad tiriamos sąvokos konotuoja skirtingas etines vertes nepaisant dalinio jų tarpusavio panašumo. Veidui priskiriama nuoširdumo ir tikrumo reikšmė. Fasadas (pastato veidas) interpretuojamas kaip interjero simuliakras, todėl siejamas su netikrumu, apgaulingumu.
39
Koukelli, Christina, Alejandro Prieto, and Serdar Asut. "Kinetic Solar Envelope: Performance Assessment of a Shape Memory Alloy-Based Autoreactive Façade System for Urban Heat Island Mitigation in Athens, Greece." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010082.
Full textAbstract:
The paper explores the potentials of shape memory alloys (SMAs) for the design of autoreactive façade systems without using additional external energy. The exploration is conducted and assessed through the design of a façade concept for the city of Athens in Greece, aiming to improve both the indoor and outdoor environment by means of a kinetic autoreactive system featuring a dual-seasonal function, with a focus on the building’s direct and indirect impact on the urban heat island (UHI) effect. The paper covers a demonstration of the methodology followed, using a feedback-loop logic informed by environmental and energy performance evaluation studies in Grasshopper to optimize the geometry and movement of the shading component. During the façade design process, a comprehensive and systematic computational toolset is being developed, targeted on the abovementioned performance evaluation studies. Through the development and assessment of the façade concept, the objective is to explore the potentials and limitations for the application of autoreactive envelopes in the façade design. At the same time, the aim is to exploit the possibilities and optimization potentials offered through the developed iterative computational workflows, by showcasing the methodology and interoperability logic of the digital tools used for the data interchange.
40
Sadeghi, F., H. Arefi, A. Fallah, and M. Hahn. "3D BUILDING FAÇADE RECONSTRUCTION USING HANDHELD LASER SCANNING DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-1-W5 (December 11, 2015): 625–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-1-w5-625-2015.
Full textAbstract:
3D The three dimensional building modelling has been an interesting topic of research for decades and it seems that photogrammetry methods provide the only economic means to acquire truly 3D city data. According to the enormous developments of 3D building reconstruction with several applications such as navigation system, location based services and urban planning, the need to consider the semantic features (such as windows and doors) becomes more essential than ever, and therefore, a 3D model of buildings as block is not any more sufficient. To reconstruct the façade elements completely, we employed the high density point cloud data that obtained from the handheld laser scanner. The advantage of the handheld laser scanner with capability of direct acquisition of very dense 3D point clouds is that there is no need to derive three dimensional data from multi images using structure from motion techniques. This paper presents a grammar-based algorithm for façade reconstruction using handheld laser scanner data. The proposed method is a combination of bottom-up (data driven) and top-down (model driven) methods in which, at first the façade basic elements are extracted in a bottom-up way and then they are served as pre-knowledge for further processing to complete models especially in occluded and incomplete areas. The first step of data driven modelling is using the conditional RANSAC (RANdom SAmple Consensus) algorithm to detect façade plane in point cloud data and remove noisy objects like trees, pedestrians, traffic signs and poles. Then, the façade planes are divided into three depth layers to detect protrusion, indentation and wall points using density histogram. Due to an inappropriate reflection of laser beams from glasses, the windows appear like holes in point cloud data and therefore, can be distinguished and extracted easily from point cloud comparing to the other façade elements. Next step, is rasterizing the indentation layer that holds the windows and doors information. After rasterization process, the morphological operators are applied in order to remove small irrelevant objects. Next, the horizontal splitting lines are employed to determine floors and vertical splitting lines are employed to detect walls, windows, and doors. The windows, doors and walls elements which are named as terminals are clustered during classification process. Each terminal contains a special property as width. Among terminals, windows and doors are named the geometry tiles in definition of the vocabularies of grammar rules. Higher order structures that inferred by grouping the tiles resulted in the production rules. The rules with three dimensional modelled façade elements constitute formal grammar that is named façade grammar. This grammar holds all the information that is necessary to reconstruct façades in the style of the given building. Thus, it can be used to improve and complete façade reconstruction in areas with no or limited sensor data. Finally, a 3D reconstructed façade model is generated that the accuracy of its geometry size and geometry position depends on the density of the raw point cloud.
41
Fausti, Patrizio, Simone Secchi, and Nicolò Zuccherini Martello. "The use of façade sun shading systems for the reduction of indoor and outdoor sound pressure levels." Building Acoustics 26, no. 3 (July 23, 2019): 181–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1351010x19863577.
Full textAbstract:
External shading devices are widely used in recent buildings because they reduce the greenhouse effect due to the solar irradiation through transparent surfaces and the glare effects in interiors. The acoustic effects of these devices have not been well investigated in the literature. In this article, we use a bi-dimensional pressure acoustics finite element model of a shading device attached to a building façade, in frequency domain, to analyse the effects both in the indoor and in the outdoor environments. The finite element model was validated with experimental measurements carried out in a semi-anechoic chamber and then extended to an urban scale to evaluate the effect in the reduction of outdoor noise due to traffic. To improve the acoustic effect of the shading device, a sound absorbing material was added to the bottom side of each louvre. Results of the simulations show that external shading devices tend to increase the sound pressure level over the building façade, while the introduction of the sound absorbing material behind each louvre reduces this problem. The dependencies of the sound pressure level reduction to the geometrical factors of the shading device were investigated by means of the finite element model. The installation of louvres on a building façade can affect also the sound pressure level over a façade of a building placed 20 m away, across a road. In this article, both the effect over the façade of the opposite building and the effect over the urban area between the two buildings are analysed.
42
DI BENEDETTI, VERÔNICA, RUY PAULO PHILIPP, and ROBERTO SACKS DE CAMPOS. "Análise e Avaliação dos Problemas Existentes na Fachada de Arenito do Museu Júlio de Castilhos, Porto Alegre, RS." Pesquisas em Geociências 34, no. 1 (June 30, 2007): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/1807-9806.19463.
Full textAbstract:
The Júlio de Castilhos museum of Porto Alegre, formerly used as residence, was built in 1877 by a military engineer Catão Roxo. This building is one of the few examples of urban architecture from the last part of the nineteenth century. Its façade is covered by arenitic and granitic rocks quarried near the city. The covering shows the effects of weathering processes occurred during many years. Some of these were observed during a façade mapping as loss of rocky materials, discoloration, chemical deposition, desintegration and fracturing. Petrographic analyses of the arenite indicate an arcosean composition, rich in quartz, with plagioclase and alkali-feldspar (microcline) and opaque minerals in lesser amounts. The grains have a fine layer of iron oxide (hematite) clad, with a fringe of siliceous cement. The remained pores are filled by clay minerals, mainly illite. The elevated degree of compactation and diagenesis are responsible for the high coherence of the rock, allowing its use as covering rock. The petrographic features (textures and mineralogical composition) indicate that the arenites used on the façade’s museum, comes from the Botucatu Formation. The recognition of the mineral constituents and the knowledge of regional geology allow the façade’s recuperation through the replacing of unrecoverable pieces by new ones.
43
Muhammad Hafeez Abdul Nasir, Ahmad Sanusi Hassan, Mohd Nasrun Mohd Nawi, Aimi Salihah Abdul Nasir, and Mohamad Sukeri Khalid. "Developments of Façade Design with a Special Reference to the City Hotels in Kuala Lumpur." Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology 29, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 266–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/araset.29.1.266282.
Full textAbstract:
The study examines the façade design developments of the high-rise city hotels since the 1960s post-colonial period in Malaysia. Strategically located in the tourist hub of Malaysia’s capital, three case studies of high-rise city hotels built in different architectural periods notably the 1970s Modern, the 1990s Post-Modern and the contemporary Neo-Minimalist, were meticulously selected to undertake a visual survey on the façade design elements. The high-rise hotel façade design in Kuala Lumpur as reviewed, historically began as a modest extension of shop houses and gradually metamorphosed into high-rises embodying a creative interplay of colour, material features, and climate responsive mechanisms as the architectural timeline advances. Ranging from the simplistic Modernist ideals of the International Style to the regionalist approach of the Post-Modernism and ultimately the Neo-Minimalism, each of the case studies is systematically reviewed from the spectrum of contextual history, functionality, and the aesthetics of the façade design elements. Evidently, the outcome of the study underscores the architectural developments of the city hotel façade design as expressive of the hotels’ image for contemporary trends in urban hospitality alongside a reconciliation of the capital’s tourism history.
44
Guo, Rui, Fan Wang, Bo Zang, GuoBin Jing, and Mengdao Xing. "High-Rise Building 3D Reconstruction with the Wrapped Interferometric Phase." Sensors 19, no. 6 (March 23, 2019): 1439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19061439.
Full textAbstract:
The great development of high-resolution SAR system gives more opportunities to observe building structures in detail, especially the advanced interferometric SAR (InSAR), which techniques attract more attention on exploiting useful information on urban infrastructures. Considering that the high-rise buildings in urban areas are quite common in big cities, it is of great importance to retrieve the three-dimension (3D) information of the urban high-rise buildings in urban remote sensing applications. In this paper, the 3D reconstruction of high-rise buildings using the wrapped InSAR phase image was studied, referring to the geometric modulation in very high resolution (VHR) SAR images, such as serious layover cause by high-rise buildings. Under the assumption of a rectangular shape, the high-rise buildings were detected and building façades were extracted based on the local frequency analysis of the layover fringe patterns. Then 3D information of buildings were finally extracted according to the detected façade geometry. Except for testing on a small urban area from the TanDEM-X data, the experiment carried on the single-pass InSAR wrapped phase in the wide urban scene, which was collected by the Chinese airborne N-SAR system, also demonstrated the possibility and applicability of the approach.
45
Ballardini, Augusto Luis, Simone Fontana, Daniele Cattaneo, Matteo Matteucci, and Domenico Giorgio Sorrenti. "Vehicle Localization Using 3D Building Models and Point Cloud Matching." Sensors 21, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 5356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165356.
Full textAbstract:
Detecting buildings in the surroundings of an urban vehicle and matching them to building models available on map services is an emerging trend in robotics localization for urban vehicles. In this paper, we present a novel technique, which improves a previous work by detecting building façade, their positions, and finding the correspondences with their 3D models, available in OpenStreetMap. The proposed technique uses segmented point clouds produced using stereo images, processed by a convolutional neural network. The point clouds of the façades are then matched against a reference point cloud, produced extruding the buildings’ outlines, which are available on OpenStreetMap (OSM). In order to produce a lane-level localization of the vehicle, the resulting information is then fed into our probabilistic framework, called Road Layout Estimation (RLE). We prove the effectiveness of this proposal, testing it on sequences from the well-known KITTI dataset and comparing the results concerning a basic RLE version without the proposed pipeline.
46
Sanjaya, Rio, Samsu Hendra Siwi, Fermanto Lianto, and S. Martinus Bambang. "Reintroducing Urban Wildlife through Green Façade Technology in Vertical Housings." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1007 (December 31, 2020): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1007/1/012019.
Full text
47
Gao, Ge, Lihua Zhao, Changshan Wang, John Grunewald, and LiLi. "Wind-driven rain on a building façade in urban environment." Procedia Engineering 205 (2017): 1678–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.10.344.
Full text
48
Fernández-Ahumada, L. M., J. Ramírez-Faz, R. López-Luque, A. Márquez-García, and M. Varo-Martínez. "A Methodology for Buildings Access to Solar Radiation in Sustainable Cities." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (November 22, 2019): 6596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236596.
Full textAbstract:
The growing need to improve the environmental and energy sustainability of buildings involves the use of solar radiation incident on their surfaces. However, in cities, this task is complicated due to the constructive geometry that leads to shading between buildings. In this context, this work presents a study of solar access to the façades of buildings in cities. The methodology is based on the determination of the incident annual solar radiation in 121 significant points of each façade considering the twelve representative days of the year. To characterize the influence of the different city typologies on solar access, the urban solar coefficient is proposed. A study of two neighborhoods in Cordoba (Spain) with different urban settings have been analyzed. Specifically, two typologies of neighborhoods have been compared: one with “L-shaped” and “U-shaped blocks” and another with “Grouped blocks”. For both of them, the Urban Solar Coefficient has been calculated, obtaining a higher mean value for the neighborhood with “L-shaped” and “U-shaped blocks” (0.317) than for the one with “Grouped blocks” (0.260). Accordingly, the results show that urban morphology can influence the Urban Solar Coefficient and solar access. Finally, a regression model for each neighborhood has been obtained in order to determine the dependence of the Urban Solar Coefficient on neighborhood geometry factors.
49
Salonen, Tarja, Jutta Hollands, Eldira Sesto, and Azra Korjenic. "Thermal Effects of Vertical Greening in Summer: An Investigation on Evapotranspiration and Shading of Façade Greening in Vienna." Buildings 12, no. 10 (October 17, 2022): 1705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12101705.
Full textAbstract:
Global urbanization is advancing, and with it, the densification of cities. Due to increased sealing of open spaces and the re-densification of existing urban settings, green spaces in the city are becoming scarcer. At the same time, greening within the urban fabric is known for its positive effects on the environment and decisively counteracts the urban heat effect. This study deals with the benefits of green façades for the environment as a cooling measure. Two façade greening systems, one trough and one cassette system, consisting of curtain wall elements with a basic metal structure, installed at a south-facing outdoor wall of a school building in Vienna, Austria, were taken under metrological examination. In order to evaluate the cooling effect caused by evapotranspiration, the amount of water evaporated was calculated using the difference of inflow and outflow. Furthermore, the surface temperatures of the greened and non-greened walls were measured to display the influence of the interaction of shading and evapotranspiration on the surrounding microclimate. The investigated vertical greening system with an area of 58 m2 has an average evaporation capacity of 101.38 L per day in the summer. The maximum surface temperature difference was measured to be 11.6 °C.
50
Freimane, Santa. "Visual Identity of Riga 21st Century Multi-Apartment Developments." Architecture and Urban Planning 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aup-2021-0004.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract It is claimed that rapid changes, including globalization and urbanization, may lead to uniform urban environment. Therefore, it is crucial to address issues in terms of local architecture. This research particularly focuses on the visual identity of Riga 21st century residential developments. Theoretical studies and empirical research methods were used. According to the research results, the most typical characteristics are linear building blocks, symmetric arraignment of façade elements, polychrome façade colour approach and usage of white/grey/ black colour palette. However, considering variety of visual expressions as well as different architectural and spatial situations, there cannot be determined one exact visual identity.