Academic literature on the topic 'Urban dimensioning'

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Journal articles on the topic "Urban dimensioning":

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CONSTANTINESCU, DAN. "Energy sizing of nZEB buildings (I)." Journal of Engineering Sciences and Innovation 8, no. 1 (March 24, 2023): 77–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.56958/jesi.2023.8.1.77.

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"The nZEB-type building has the ability to minimize the impact of climatic parameters intensity on the microclimate of the inhabited spaces and implicitly to reduce the heat and cold needs of the buildings. This concept implies the update of the energy dimensioning methodology of the existing buildings (which are being renovated) and of the new ones located in urban area. The extension of the numerical modeling method through dynamic simulation with an hourly time step is possible at the level of an urban area by adopting the own calculation support of the Representative Building. The work presents examples of numerical solutions aimed at both the Energy Dimensioning of buildings in the nZEB (the necessary condition) and their Climatic Resilience in conditions of excessive impact of climatic parameters (the sufficient condition). "
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Bentes, Isabel, Danilo Silva, Carlos Vieira, and Cristina Matos. "Inflow Quantification in Urban Sewer Networks." Hydrology 9, no. 4 (March 24, 2022): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9040052.

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The improper waterflow to wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) due to rainwater inflow, and infiltration is a growing concern due to the many problems it brings to the sector, ranging from infrastructure deterioration to environmental problems caused by untreated wastewater and to the eventual financial costs that these issues cause. The study was carried out at the Folhadela WWTP, Vila Real, Portugal, between May 2014 and May 2015, with the total effluent flows recorded every 2 min at the entrance of the WWTP. Rainfall data from the Vila Real Meteorological Station, corresponding to the same period, were used. The study allowed us to conclude that from the wastewater that flowed to the Folhadela WWTP, in the months of study, only 15% is domestic wastewater, and the remaining 85% were undesirable volumes. Of these, 47% were infiltration flows, and 38% were rainwater flows that are not taken into account when dimensioning networks and WWTPs. These flows also have the particularity of representing very high volumes in short periods of time, coinciding with heavy rains, representing a very high risk for drainage and treatment infrastructures. Regarding the infiltration flow rates, as a general rule, they are taken into account when dimensioning the networks as being a percentage of the total flow. However, it is necessary to take into account the magnitude and the evolution of these values according to the network age and state of conservation, as well as have straight regulations about the undue connections into the network.
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Vojinovic, Z., S. Sahlu, A. S. Torres, S. D. Seyoum, F. Anvarifar, H. Matungulu, W. Barreto, D. Savic, and Z. Kapelan. "Multi-objective rehabilitation of urban drainage systems under uncertainties." Journal of Hydroinformatics 16, no. 5 (March 10, 2014): 1044–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2014.223.

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Urban drainage systems are subject to many drivers which can affect their performance and functioning. Typically, climate change, urbanisation and population growth along with aging of pipes may lead to uncontrollable discharges and surface flooding. So far, many researchers and practitioners concerned with optimal design and rehabilitation of urban drainage systems have applied deterministic approaches which treat input parameters as fixed values. However, due to the variety of uncertainties associated with input parameters, such approaches can easily lead to either over-dimensioning or under-dimensioning of drainage networks. The present paper deals with such issues and describes a methodology that has been developed to accommodate the effects of uncertainties into the design and rehabilitation of drainage systems. The paper presents a methodology that can take into account uncertainties from climate change, urbanisation, population growth and aging of pipes. The methodology is applied and tested on a case study of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The urban drainage network optimisation problem is posed as a multi-objective problem for which the objective functions are formulated to minimise damage costs and intervention costs. Two approaches were evaluated and the results show that both approaches are capable of identifying optimal Pareto fronts.
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Coura, Renata D’arc, Joaquim Mamede Alonso, Ana Cristina Rodrigues, Ana Isabel Ferraz, Nuno Mouta, Renato Silva, and A. G. Brito. "Spatially Explicit Model for Anaerobic Co-Digestion Facilities Location and Pre-Dimensioning Considering Spatial Distribution of Resource Supply and Biogas Yield in Northwest Portugal." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 1841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041841.

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The high volumes of animal manure and sewage sludge, as a consequence of the development of intensive and specialized cattle dairy farms in peri-urban areas, pose challenges to local environmental quality and demands for systems innovation. Besides these negative impacts, energy recovery from biogas produced in anaerobic co-digestion processes should contribute to local sustainable development. This research considers technical data obtained from the optimization of biomethanization processes using sewage sludge and cattle manure liquid fraction, aiming to develop a spatially explicit model including multicriteria evaluation and an analytical hierarchy process to locate biogas production facilities, allocate energy resources and consider biogas unit pre-dimensioning analysis. According to the biophysical conditions and socioeconomic dynamics of the study area (Vila do Conde, Northwest Portugal), a spatially explicit model using multicriteria and multiobjective techniques allowed the definition of suitable locations, as well as the allocation of resources and support pre-dimensioning of biogas facilities. A p-median model allowed us to allocate resources and pre-dimensioning biogas facilities according to distance and accessibility elements. The results indicate: (i) the location of areas with adequate environmental conditions and socioeconomic suitability advantages to install biogas production facilities, and (ii) the ability to compare the options of centralized or distributed location alternatives and associated pre-dimensioning.
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Lemos Silva, Willian, and Stênio de Sousa Venâncio. "Use of computer programming for the development of a CAD-CAE system on the Revit platform applied in urban drainage projects." Revista Brasileira de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação 8, no. 1 (October 31, 2023): 30–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18554/rbcti.v8i1.6619.

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Urban storm drainage emerged with the evolution of society in search of improvements in health and comfort going through different phases and today it connects with a sustainable and technological bias. Through Python programming, it is possible to integrate a Computer Aided Design/Computer Aided Engineering (CAD/CAE) system into the Revit platform using the Dynamo tool as an intermediary. This work presents the development and validation of a computational tool for dimensioning urban drainage coupled to the graphical project modeling platform Revit. The results obtained with the numerical code point to a good agreement when compared with those generated by conventional tools, using a calculator and an Excel spreadsheet. It shows that, due to the direct and automatic communication between drawing and dimensioning is possible to reduce the time spent filling out spreadsheets and facilitate analyses such as minimum inclinations of the pipe through warnings and factors such as the ratio of the water sheet and diameter through color scales.
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Werra, Matthias, Axel Sturm, and Ferit Küçükay. "Optimal and prototype dimensioning of 48V P0+P4 hybrid drivetrains." Automotive and Engine Technology 5, no. 3-4 (September 16, 2020): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41104-020-00071-0.

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Abstract This paper presents a virtual toolchain for the optimal concept and prototype dimensioning of 48 V hybrid drivetrains. First, this toolchain is used to dimension the drivetrain components for a 48 V P0+P4 hybrid which combines an electric machine in the belt drive of the internal combustion engine and a second electric machine at the rear axle. On an optimal concept level, the power and gear ratios of the electric components in the 48 V system are defined for the best fuel consumption and performance. In the second step, the optimal P0+P4 drivetrain is simulated with a prototype model using a realistic rule-based operating strategy to determine realistic behavior in legal cycles and customer operation. The optimal variant shows a fuel consumption reduction in the Worldwide harmonized Light Duty Test Cycle of 13.6 % compared to a conventional vehicle whereas the prototype simulation shows a relatively higher savings potential of 14.8 %. In the prototype simulation for customer operation, the 48 V hybrid drivetrain reduces the fuel consumption by up to 24.6 % in urban areas due to a high amount of launching and braking events. Extra-urban and highway areas show fuel reductions up to 11.6 % and 4.2 %, respectively due to higher vehicle speed and power requirements. The presented virtual toolchain can be used to combine optimal concept dimensioning with close to reality behaviour simulations to maximise realistic statements and minimize time effort.
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Raposo, Hugo, José Torres Farinha, E. Pais, and Diego Galar. "An Integrated Model for Dimensioning the Reserve Fleet based on the Maintenance Policy." WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS AND CONTROL 16 (January 7, 2021): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/23203.2021.16.3.

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Usually, the Reserve Fleet, or Spare Fleet, of passenger urban buses, is based on indicators used in some international relevant companies and extrapolated for many others, almost as a dogma. However, it must be taken into consideration pragmatic variables intrinsic to the buses namely their maintenance and in a more pragmatic approach, indexing their availability and by consequence the reserve fleet indexed to the maintenance policy used in each company. The paper discusses these subjects and presents a global model that integrates the maintenance planning policy, based on a condition monitoring model, maintenance Key Maintenance Indicators (KPI), and an economic life cycle model. The paper presents some results based both in theoretical considerations and also in real data from an urban fleet of a European Countr
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Damanik, Gerson, Djamhari Sirat, and Dadang Gunawan. "Determining Number of e-Node B for Digital Dividend Public Safety Communication in Jakarta Area." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 11, no. 1 (November 12, 2012): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2013111.170539.

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Today, the use of communication system for public safety and regulation purposes is still narrowband based, that is communication that transmits low-speed voice and data services. Each government agency, such as the government of Jakarta (Pemda DKI), police, health department, re department, and the national disaster management agency, builds its own network independently. Therefore, it is difcult to coordinate the service between agencies if there is an emergency situation or disaster. Good communication system for public safety services will create conducive condition that will eventually create tranquility in the community. Jakarta, as the capital city of Indonesia, needs communication systems that create such condition. This paper determines the number of e-Node B for 700 MHz digital dividend network for Public Safety Communication services in Jakarta based on LTE technology. The services include voice, video, and data. In this study, it is assumed that determination of the required number of e-Node B is started from year 2012 to 2022 by considering the bit rate required by the public safety ocer. The assumption of ratio of public safety ocer in Jakarta is based on its population data. Radio network planning is based on coverage approach and capacity approach. The design of its coverage and capacity are analysed by using network dimensioning. Dimensioning coverage is conducted by calculating the link budget for dense urban, and urban areas. We use the 9955 RNP (Radio Network Planning) to calculate the link budget and predict the system's coverage. From the calculation, it is shown that e-Node B number required to cover the Jakarta area is 140. Dimensioning of capacity is based on the services bit rate required by the public safety ocer. The services are , voice, video, and data. Trac prole is based on the assumption in year 2012, 2015, and 2020. By the capacity calculation, it is shown that a total of 49 sites is required.
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Kristl, Ž., and A. Krainer. "Energy evaluation of urban structure and dimensioning of building site using iso-shadow method." Solar Energy 70, no. 1 (2001): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-092x(00)00113-4.

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Pacheco, Caio Emanuel da Silva, Taís Silva Sousa, Elizandra Perez Araújo, and Alan Cavalcanti da Cunha. "Dimensioning Urban Drainage Systems in Housing Subdivisions in the Amazon Using Different Hydrological Models." Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 11, no. 11 (2023): 151–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/gep.2023.1111012.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urban dimensioning":

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Mollé, Geoffrey. "Dimensionnement urbain et hauteur des milieux : Enquête mésologique sur les conditions de production et d'habitation des tours résidentielles en France." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 2, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO20081.

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Depuis les années 2000, l’accélération de la construction de tours dans les métropoles suscite de nouveaux questionnements sur la dimensionnalité de l’urbanisation, c’est-à-dire sur les changements qu’induisent les évolutions urbaines dans la manière d’être positionné, de se positionner et donner du sens à son positionnement dans l’environnement urbain. La thèse y contribue à travers l’analyse des relations entre conditions de production et d’habitation des tours, postes d’observation du stade actuel du « dimensionnement urbain ». La perspective épistémologique et mésologique du « dimensionnement urbain » propose dans la première partie une réponse au lien entre l’intensification de la production des tours dans le monde, la reconsidération de l’habiter en hauteur et le « tournant dimensionnel » des urban studies. Elle oriente l’hypothèse principale de la recherche doctorale : la dimension, en tant que schème archétypal de perception et d’action des sociétés, s’exprime aujourd’hui préférentiellement à celui de la mesure dans l’évolution des stratégies d’extension de l’accès au monde en hauteur. À partir du cas français puis lyonnais, et grâce à des matériaux variés (base de données, documents marketing/communication, entretiens acteurs/habitants, photographie), je démontre dans la deuxième partie la relation entre l’accroissement de la densité métropolitaine et la valorisation de l’habiter en hauteur. Conséquence de la densification et de l’intensification des métropoles, le désir croissant de skyline réside ainsi dans les conditions de possibilité finalement idéales d’une extraction vis-à-vis du sol urbain
Since the 2000s, the acceleration in the construction of high-rise buildings in metropolises has raised new questions about the dimensionality of urbanization, i.e. the changes induced by urban developments in the way we are positioned, how we position ourselves and how we give meaning to our positioning in the urban environment. The thesis contributes to this through an analysis of the relationships between the conditions of production and habitation of high-rise buildings, the observation posts of the current stage of "urban dimensioning". In the first part, the epistemological and mesological perspective of "urban dimensioning" offers a response to the link between the intensification of high-rise production worldwide, the reconsideration of high-rise living and the "dimensional turn" of urban studies. It guides the main hypothesis of the doctoral research: dimension, as an archetypal scheme of perception and action of societies, is expressed today preferentially to that of measure in the evolution of strategies for extending access to the world at height. Based on the case of France and then Lyon, and using a variety of materials (database, marketing/communication documents, interviews with actors/residents, photography), I demonstrate in the second part the relationship between increasing metropolitan density and the valorization of living at heights. As a consequence of the densification and intensification of metropolises, the growing desire for skylines lies in the ultimately ideal conditions of possibility for extraction from the urban soil
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Eliasson, Caroline, and Lovisa Gidlöf. "En utredning av Stockholms stads åtgärdsnivå för dagvatten : Modellering av omhändertagen vattenvolym och reningseffekt i en planerad växtbädd." Thesis, KTH, Hållbar utveckling, miljövetenskap och teknik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278117.

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I Sverige förväntas klimatförändringar leda till ökad nederbörd med kraftiga skyfall samt längre regnvaraktighet, vilket resulterar i att en större mängd vatten behöver tas omhand. I urbana miljöer kan detta bli svårare eftersom mängden tillgängliga ytor minskar och andelen hårdgjorda ytor ökar vilket leder till en snabb dagvattenavrinning med större tillförsel av föroreningar till recipienten. För att planera inför ett framtida klimat där både risken för översvämning och statusen på vattenkvaliteten inkluderas, kommer det krävas att höga krav på kommuners dagvattenhantering ställs. Ett sätt för kommuner att planera för detta är att implementera en dagvattenstrategi, vilket är en långsiktig plan som behandlar dagvattenhantering vid nybyggnad, ombyggnad, ändrad markanvändning samt vid drift och underhåll av byggnader och anläggningar. Stockholms stad är en av kommunerna i Sverige med förorenade ytvattenförekomster som inte når upp till en god vattenstatus enligt miljökvalitetsnormerna och vattendirektivet. För att ta itu med detta problem har Stockholms stad antagit en dagvattenstrategi, vilket inkluderar en åtgärdsnivå som ställer krav på hur stadens dagvatten ska hanteras för att uppnå miljökvalitetsnormerna. Åtgärdsnivån gäller för alla ny- och ombyggnationsprojekt och inkluderar ett dimensioneringskrav där dagvattenanläggningar ska dimensioneras utifrån ett regndjup på 20 mm för att uppnå en reningseffekt på minst 70% för fosfor, koppar och zink. Regndjupet motsvarar enligt åtgärdsnivån att 90% av de enskilda nederbördstillfällena under ett år som är mindre än eller lika med 20 mm nederbörd omhändertas. Åtgärdsnivåns dimensioneringskrav har resulterat i att stora ytor behöver tas i anspråk för dagvattenhantering i Stockholm, vilket inte alltid är möjligt då det är stor konkurrens om ytorna. Vid beräkning av dimensioneringskravet togs det inte i beaktning att i vissa dagvattenanläggningar sker det en kontinuerlig avtappning under ett pågående regn. Kontinuerlig avtappning innebär att det sker ett utflöde från dagvattenanläggningen genom t.ex. dräneringsrör eller exfiltration. Detta innebär att dimensioneringskravet skulle kunna frångås för dessa anläggningar. Rapporten ämnar därför att utreda åtgärdsnivåns dimensioneringskrav samt de beräkningar som ligger till grund för kravet. Utredningen görs genom en litteraturstudie samt en fallstudie för en dagvattenanläggning i form av en växtbädd (som har kontinuerlig avtappning), där modelleringsverktygen Mike Urban och StormTac appliceras. I Mike Urban undersöks det vilket regndjup som motsvarar att 90% av den årliga avrinningsvolymen omhändertas. För att undersöka vilken reningseffekt som de modellerade regndjupen ger upphov till används StormTac, som beräknar reningseffekten för fosfor, koppar och zink. Resultatet visar att det finns flera tvetydigheter när det gäller framtagandet av Stockholms stads åtgärdsnivå framförallt eftersom tillvägagångssättet inte presenteras till fullo. Modelleringsresultatet i Mike Urban visar att ett regndjup på 10 mm är tillräckligt för att omhänderta 90% av den årliga avrinningsvolymen då hänsyn tas till avtappning. Däremot visar StormTac resultatet att en reningseffekt på minst 70% är svårt att garantera för de undersökta föroreningarna även om växtbädden omhändertar 90% av den årliga avrinningsvolymen. Trots att det finns flera tvetydigheter när det gäller framtagandet av Stockholms stads åtgärdsnivå, så kan det ändå anses vara bra att staden har ett dimensioneringskrav. Detta för att säkerställa i detaljplanen att tillräcklig yta planläggs för omhändertagande av dagvatten. Det är däremot viktigt att åtgärdsnivån kontinuerligt uppdateras och anpassas efter ny forskning och nya tekniker samt att ytterligare kompletteringar görs till åtgärdsnivån för att skapa tydlighet kring när dimensioneringskravet är applicerbart.
The effect of climate change is expected to cause an increase in precipitation with greater frequency and intensification in Sweden, which results in a larger amount of water that needs to be managed. In urban environments this could be challenging since useable spaces for stormwater management decreases and the portion of impervious areas increases, which leads to a rapid stormwater runoff and a higher release of pollution to receiving waters. To be able to plan for a future climate where both the risk of flooding and the quality of water bodies are included, higher demands need to be set on municipalities’ stormwater management. One way for municipalities to reach the demands is to implement a stormwater management strategy, which is a long-term plan that treats stormwater management at new constructions, reconstructions, change of land use and for operation and maintenance of buildings and facilities. Stockholm municipality is one of the municipalities in Sweden with polluted surface water bodies that does not meet the requirements of the Environmental Quality Standards (EQS) and the Water Framework Directive. To address this problem, Stockholm municipality has implemented a stormwater management strategy, which includes a “remediation standard” (åtgärdsnivå) with guidelines on how the city should handle their stormwater in order to reach the EQS. The guidelines apply to all new and reconstruction projects and includes a “design policy” (dimensioneringskrav) where stormwater facilities should be dimensioned after a rain depth of 20 mm to achieve a retention capacity of at least 70% for phosphorus, copper and zinc. The rain depth of 20 mm corresponds to handling 90% of the rain events that are less or equal to a precipitation of 20 mm during a year. The design policy has resulted in large areas in Stockholm being devoted to stormwater management. However, this is not always possible since there is a great competition regarding available spaces in urban areas. During the development of the design policy, no consideration was made to continuous outflow during rainfall in stormwater facilities. This means that the design policy could be deviated for these facilities. Therefore, the aim of the thesis is to investigate the remediation standard and the underlying computations in the design policy. The investigation consists of a literature study and a case study for a stormwater facility consisting of a rain garden with continuous outflow, where the modeling tools Mike Urban and StormTac are applied. In Mike Urban it is investigated which rain depth that corresponds to handling 90% of the yearly runoff. To investigate which retention capacity the modelled rain depths generates, StormTac is used. The retention capacity was estimated for phosphorus, copper and zinc. The results indicate that there are several ambiguities concerning the development of Stockholm municipality’s remediation standard, especially since the full procedure is not presented. The modeling results from Mike Urban show that a rain depth of 10 mm is enough to handle 90% of the yearly runoff. On the other hand, the StormTac results indicate that a retention capacity of at least 70% will be difficult to ensure even though the rain garden is able to handle 90% of the yearly runoff. Despite the several ambiguities concerning the development of Stockholm municipality’s remediation standard, it could nonetheless be considered better for the city to have a design policy to ensure that enough space is available to manage stormwater. However, it is important that the remediation standard is continuously updated and adapted to new research and technologies. Further amendments to the remediation standard need to be made to create clarity for when the design policy is applicable.
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Näsman, Melander Emelie. "Dimensionering av åtgärder i kombinerade ledningssystem vid ökad spillvattenbelastning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-179385.

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Ett allt vanligare uppdrag inom hydraulisk modellering är att undersöka hur nya bostads- och handelsområden påverkar statusen för äldre befintliga ledningsnät. I nya områden anläggs nästan uteslutande separatsystem och eftersom nya områden oftast uppförs utanför den befintliga bebyggelsen måste spillvattnet från dessa områden transporteras genom det befintliga avloppsnätet, vilket kan vara helt eller delvis kombinerat. I stadsdelen Hjorthagen i Stockholm planeras 5000 nya lägenheter att byggas och spillvattenflödet från dessa skall anslutas uppströms det befintliga kombinerade ledningsnätet i området. Examensarbetet har gått ut på att undersöka hur det kombinerade ledningssystemet påverkas av den tillkommande spillvattenbelastningen. Syftet var att undersöka hur den dimensionerande spillvattenavrinningen påverkar de åtgärder och kostnader som behövs för att få det utökade ledningsnätet att fungera, samt att utreda behovet av ytterligare anpassningar av ledningsnätet inför framtida klimatförändringar. Vid beräkning av bräddvolymer simuleras vanligen spillvattenavrinningen från medeldygnsförbrukning av vatten. I studien har det även ingått att undersöka om detta sätt ger lägre bräddvolymer jämfört med att variera vattenförbrukningen med ett veckomönster. Med modelleringsprogrammet MIKE Urban undersöktes tre fall av dimensionerande spillvattenflöde från det tillkommande området i Hjorthagen. Olika stor säkerhetsmarginal användes vid dimensioneringen. I alla tre fallen fick det tillkommande spillvattenflödet kapaciteten i det kombinerade ledningssystemet att överskridas redan vid torrväder, med bräddning som följd. Undersökningen visade att ju högre säkerhetsmarginal dimensioneringen innebar desto mer omfattande blev de åtgärder som krävdes för att få bräddningen att upphöra. Fallet med störst säkerhetsmarginal krävde ett utjämningsmagasin på 142 m3 och att dimensionen på 670 m ledning ökades från 400 mm till 600 mm med en uppskattad åtgärdskostnad på omkring nio miljoner kronor. De åtgärder som krävdes för att undvika bräddning vid torrväder var i alla tre fallen tillräckliga för att både minska bräddningen vid regnväder och för att klimatanpassa ledningsnätet. I de fall som undersöktes kunde ingen trend ses som visade att simulering av dag- och spillvattenavrinning, utan veckovariationer i vattenförbrukningen, skulle ge för låga bräddvolymer.
An increasingly common assignment in hydraulic modeling is to investigate how sewage from new residential and commercial areas affect the status of existing sewer systems. In new areas the sewer systems are constructed to operate separately from storm drains and since new areas often are founded in the outskirt of existing areas the sanitary sewage from these areas must be transported through the older existing sewer system, which can be completely or partly combined. In the district of Hjorthagen in Stockholm 5,000 new apartments are planned to be built and sewage from these must be connected upstream of existing combined sewer system in the area. The purpose of this master thesis was to investigate how combined sewer system is affected by additional sewage load. The aim was to investigate how the choice of design sewage flow affects the measures and costs necessary to get the extended sewer system to function, and to consider the need for further adjustments to future climate change. When calculating volumes of combined sewer overflow the sewage flow usually is simulated as discharge from average water use. One objective with this thesis was to investigate whether this method gave lower volumes of combined sewer overflow as compared to using a weekly pattern. By using the modeling program MIKE Urban three choices of design sewage flow, from the new area in Hjorthagen, were investigated. The margin of safety when designing the sewage flow was increased in each case. The results showed that the capacity of the combined sewer system was exceeded during dry weather, with overflow as a result. The investigation showed that the higher margin of safety used the more extensive measures was needed. The greatest margin of safety required a storage basin of 142 m3 and that the dimension of 670 m of pipes was increased. To stop the overflow at dry weather the measures required in each case were sufficient to both reduce overflow during wet weather and to adjust the sewer system to future climate. Simulating the rainfall runoff and sewage flow, without weekly variations in water consumption did not underestimate the volumes of combined sewer overflow compared to varying the water use.
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Tononi, Marco. "Mappare la sostenibilità urbana: dal contesto europeo al caso di Brescia." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424228.

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Mapping urban sustainability: a case study of Brescia within the european context The three-years long research project analyzed how urban sustainability has become one of the most important issues in urban policies over the last 20 years, as well as a key concept in terms of urban landscapes development. Its application in such context is still unevenly distributed, despite European policies working constantly to promote and encourage the best practices, and cities working to improve their urban sustainability. For such reason, at a European scale the research investigated how this topic was implemented in different European regions; within the Italian context, it analyzed the northern city of Brescia, where urban sustainability became part of urban strategies of the local urban government only in the last (few) years. Because of the nature of the sustainability issue, the project involved several research methods, making the best use of the tools and the resources of geographical research. The analysis of the future of urban places, as well as that of the environmental strengths and weaknesses of the cities, was done using a quantitative approach, gathering statistical and geographical data. On the other hand, the need to further investigate the dynamics and relations between community and places in the case study required a qualitative approach and the use of both participative observation and active collaboration with the city stakeholders. The first part of the project introduces the topic of sustainability from a general perspective, searching for the forerunners mainly in geographical terms, as well as at a urban scale. After this introduction, on a broader international scale we tried to deal with the evolution of the topic of sustainability through conferences and environmental movements, ending with an idea about the place of sustainability in the discourse of contemporary cities. In the second part, considering the flexibile applications of sustainability, urban sustainability was used as a general term to indicate a city's transformational input towards an enhancement of the relationship with the nature and the environmental resources. For this reason we analyzed the different dimensions in which urban sustainability could be approached: environmental, economic, social and cultural. For each dimension we considered the main theoretical frames and the models of city proposed in the geographical literature. At a European scale, the third part firstly investigates the evolution of tools for measuring urban sustainability - by creating more accurate benchmarks and indexes, also with some rankings promoted by public and private research institutes - and secondly that of tools suitable for sharing good practices and networks between European cities. Finally, we considered the European Green Capital Award, chosing, among the candidate cities, four examples of European cities that apply sustainability in their own particular way, highlighting different dimensions of sustainability: Stockholm the city of sustainable growth, Oslo the biophilic city, Nantes the fair and accessible city, and Bristol the city of creativity and innovation. In the last part we focused on the case study of Brescia, a city in the Northern Italy, where on one side some environmental impacts and damages caused by industrial sector are well evident today, while on the other side a strong social structure (network of environmental associations) is there to protect the environment, to enhance the values of places of environmental interest, and to encourage the local policy to engage in urban sustainability actions. The work aimed at identifying the pathways and the players of the complicated but necessary transition of the city. In particular: the sustainable urban planning, using the Strategic Environmental Assesment during the municipal planning process; the participation and the proposals of the environmental associations; an innovation project with the goal to make the city smarter; and the Urban Center Brescia as a place in which the different expiriences of such transition could meet. One of the results of this research project has been a proposal to organize the literature on urban sustainability, particularly at a European level. The interpretative model based on the flexibility of the sustainable application was used to approach the sustainability application in the different stages of the research. We realized a model based on the four dimensions of sustainability (environmental, economic, social and cultural) in which to include the examples chosen from the European Green Capital Award. Finally, this model was used in the case study to understand how to organize the different pathways of transition that we analyzed, and what local policies could do to promote a response to this transition experiment. We propose the creation of transition laboratories that could make Brescia an experimental city in urban sustainability. This could be done by enhancing the existing initiatives, and by creating a network of this experiences and of the innovative economic and cultural forces of the city. During this research project the geographer showed to have a fundamental role as being a cultural mediator among the different players and places of transition towards sustainability.
Il progetto ha indagato nel corso di questi tre anni il modo in cui la sostenibilità si stia diffondendo nelle politiche urbane e come cominci ad essere un concetto chiave per capire i nuovi sviluppi del paesaggio urbano, viste le sue sempre più numerose applicazioni che si stanno diffondendo in Europa. La sua applicazione in tale contesto non risulta ad oggi omogenea, nonostante le politiche europee stiano via via sempre più puntando e premiando concretamente tali politiche urbane. Per questo ci siamo proposti di indagare a livello europeo come la tematica sia applicata nelle diverse aree del continente. Siamo poi passati ad analizzare un caso studio a livello italiano dove la sostenibilità urbana rispetto ad altre regioni europee sembra solo ora lentamente divenire prioritaria nelle politiche urbane. Le metodologie usate durante il progetto di ricerca sono di diversa natura, come il tema stesso richiede hanno sfruttato la capacità della geografia di usare strumenti d’indagine diversi. Se un’analisi dei luoghi e delle caratteristiche urbane ha utilizzato un approccio che possiamo definire quantitativo, attraverso l’uso di statistiche e dati geografici. L’approfondimento delle dinamiche e delle relazioni alla ricerca della sostenibilità ha suggerito una metodologia di tipo qualitativo attraverso l’osservazione partecipante ed anche un’attiva collaborazione con i soggetti del territorio. La prima parte introduce all’argomento della sostenibilità in generale, alla ricerca dei sui precursori soprattutto a livello geografico, nonché in ottica soprattutto urbana. Dopo questo necessaria parte introduttiva abbiamo affrontato l’evolversi del tema sostenibilità attraverso le conferenze e i movimenti ambientalisti fino ad analizzare come il tema si sia inserito nell’evolversi della città contemporanea. Nella seconda parte in un’ottica di applicazione flessibile della sostenibilità abbiamo utilizzato la sostenibilità urbana come termine generale che indica un impulso alla trasformazione della città che hanno come obiettivo un nuovo rapporto con l’ambiente e le sue risorse. Per questo abbiamo analizzato le diverse dimensioni in cui la sostenibilità urbana può essere declinata: ambientale, economica, sociale, culturale. In ciascuna di esse abbiamo inserito gli approcci teorici principali per ogni dimensione e dei modelli di città proposti in letteratura. La terza parte indaga l’evolversi, a scala europea, prima di strumenti atti a misurare la sostenibilità urbana creando indici e benchmark sempre più accurati, classifiche promosse anche da enti di ricerca privati e successivamente strumenti atti a diffondere le buone pratiche sostenibili e le reti fra le diverse città europee. Infine si è preso in esame il premio europeo che elegge dal 2010 la capitale verde europea. Fra le partecipanti a questo titolo abbiamo scelto quattro esempi di città europee che declinano in modo particolare la propria sostenibilità valorizzando prevalentemente aspetti e dimensioni diverse: Stoccolma città della crescita sostenibile, Oslo la città biophilc, Nantes città equa e accessibile, Bristol città creativa e innovativa. Nell’ultima parte ci siamo invece concentrati sul caso studio di Brescia, città del Nord Italia, dove si concentrano da una parte una serie di impatti e fenomeni di degrado ambientale dovuti alla presenza di un forte comparto industriale che ha lasciato sul territorio diverse situazioni problematiche. Dall’altra la presenza di una forte tessuto sociale attento alla sostenibilità è in grado di difendere i luoghi da valorizzare e spingere la politica cittadina ad alcune aperture. Il lavoro ha voluto individuare i percorsi e i protagonisti della difficile ma necessaria transizione della città, in particolare: i tentativi di una pianificazione urbana sostenibile tramite la valutazione ambientale strategica, la partecipazione e le proposte delle associazioni ambientaliste, un progetto di innovazione per rendere la città più smart, e l’Urban Center cittadino come luogo di incontro fra le diverse esperienze. I risultati della ricerca hanno permesso una sistematizzazione della letteratura, con ottica soprattutto europea, e la creazione di un modello interpretativo che ci aiutasse nell’affrontare la tematica nelle diverse fasi della ricerca. Abbiamo prodotto un modello basato su quattro dimensioni di sostenibilità (ambientale, economica, sociale e culturale) nel quale inserire approcci, modelli teorici e gli esempi raccolti a livello europeo. Questo ci ha permesso di verificare come le spinte verso la sostenibilità della comunità di Brescia necessitino di una risposta a lungo termine della politica cittadina in modo da valorizzare gli esperimenti in atto in città. La creazione di laboratori per rendere Brescia città sperimentale potrebbe essere il modo di valorizzare le spinte già presenti e raccogliere attorno ad esse il tessuto economico più innovativo a cui si richiede oggi una profonda transizione. In questo percorso abbiamo verificato come un ruolo fondamentale può giocare il geografo in grado da fungere da mediatore fra i vari protagonisti e luoghi della transizione verso la sostenibilità.
5

TURCHINI, LARA. "TRANS(FORM)STATION. Le nuove dimensioni della stazione verso l’alta velocità." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/918228.

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Attraverso permanenze ed evoluzioni della stazione ferroviaria, insieme alle trasformazioni della città e le mutazioni delle sue componenti (nodi ed infrastrutture), seguiremo i processi di modificazione spaziale dalla stazione moderna alla stazione dell’alta velocità e le metamorfosi della città in un sistema di reti urbane. La città interpretata come rete, quindi, o meglio come sistema complesso di stratificazione di flussi, materiali ed immateriali, si rigenera al modificare della dimensione dei nodi e delle infrastrutture acquistando nuovi definizioni e significati. Il nodo (infrastrutturale), infatti, seguirà sviluppi multipli di tipo funzionale, spaziale ed urbano, diventando un “iper-polo” complesso e strategico della rete della mobilità, connettore urbano e scambiatore di flussi di una città. Tutto questo prenderà il nome di hub! L’hub sarà inteso, quindi, come nuova morfologia architettonica ed urbana delle grandi infrastrutture di trasporto che raccoglie i concetti di trasversalità, flessibilità, mutifunzionalità (mixité) ed interconnessione come principi fondamentali per il funzionamento e la “crescita” delle reti urbane verso una visione policentrica della città. Basta pensare alla grande sfida del Gran(d) Paris, un progetto pensato come una scommessa verso un Système de Grand Métropole, mettendo a confronto metodologie e strategie dei vari gruppi partecipanti (Rogers, MVRDV, Studio 08, Lin, Nouvel, Portzamparc, Grumbach), prevede un programma di sviluppo sostenibile ed una prefigurazione tesa a trasformare l'agglomerato della regione parigina in una metropoli policentrica e rafforzare lo sviluppo della rete della mobilità. Nello specifico l’hub oggetto di studio, quale cerniera ed articolazione sensibile tra rete e città, sarà la Stazione dell’Alta Velocità. Come per altre infrastrutture urbane (aeroporto, porto, fermate bus, stazione metropolitana o tranviaria) la Stazione AV verrà considerata come un “commutatore”, ovvero un connettore urbano di transizione tra la scala globale, metropolitana e locale, in grado di regolare i flussi in movimento della città e, al tempo stesso, stabilire con essa livelli differenziati d’integrazione. La stazione AV, così, assumerà i caratteri per diventare un progetto g-locale multidimensionale (3D-imensioni: Macro_Meso_Micro) di globalizzazione dei flussi e di localizzazione dei luoghi attraverso un processo di sintesi tra la logica del territorio, del “luogo”, e la logica delle reti e delle funzioni, e verrà a configurarsi come un sistema dinamico, “ d’interferenza tra linee di forza del campo esterno e specificità di flussi che lo interessano, secondo un procedimento di sintesi che si traduce in forme architettoniche specifiche, non eludibili entro un generico modello di controllo” (S. Sassen, "Globalizzati e scontenti. Il destino delle minoranze nel nuovo ordine mondiale", Il Saggiatore, Milano 2002). La stazione AV, infatti, supererà il concetto di “oggetto” architettonico inserito/da inserire in tessuti urbani consolidati o periferici, per diventare progetto in evoluzione in termini di estensione spaziale, ruolo, funzionamento e proprietà che generano degli effetti sul tessuto urbano. Sara importante, quindi, seguire l’evoluzione e la mutazione della Stazione AV come “infrastruttura” urbana e spaziale tridimensionale, non solo da un punto di vista tipologico-formale (storico), ma soprattutto in rapporto ai processi di trasformazione urbana, come già riscontrato nei numerosi contributi che riguardano le “Megastrutture” di Yona Friedman, Cedric Price, Fumihiko Maki, Kenzo Tange, Archigram e Paul Maymont, piuttosto che le nuove “Figure della mobilità” di Bernardo Secchi, o il sistema “rete-rizoma” di Gilles Deleuze e Felix Guattari. L’analisi critica e sistemica di alcuni progetti paradigmatici tra fallimenti, utopie, anticipazioni, proiezioni e visioni sarà fondamentale per comprendere i “segni” del cambiamento della stazione AV cercando di individuarne caratteri e proprietà. Il proporre una sintesi delle trasformazioni funzionali dei nodi d’interscambio infrastrutturale, in Italia, in Europa e nel mondo, rappresenta la volontà di coglierne l’evoluzione legata non solo alle innovazioni tecnologiche-costruttive e all’importanza dei flussi che l’attraversano, ma anche alla mutazione del rapporto tra rete infrastrutturale e città. Si tratta di comprendere il fenomeno e il processo di trasformazione delle reti stratificate di una città nelle sue articolazioni spaziali e relazionali, oltre che funzionali, per fornire gli strumenti di lettura per l’identificazione della staziove AV con l’hub e come “progetto in rete”. La ricerca mira all’individuazione degli elementi-componenti in una stazione AV, definendone l’interconnessione e l’inter-dipendenza con la propria rete, il sistema delle reti ad essa collegato ed i processi di rigenerazione e trasformazione della città attraverso l’individuazione di valori parametrici fondamentali e determinati in funzione della scala (dimensione scalare), dei livelli di scambio con il sistema (modi di scambio) e del tempo. Queste matrici (_3M), estrapolate dallo studio critico del complesso sistema di trasporto integrato che coinvolge fattori differenti in funzione principalmente dei legami tra le relazioni interne (spazio) ed esterne (contesto) della stazione AV, permetteranno di stabilire i caratteri prevalenti e complementari (_3C) della stazione stessa, quali multiscalarità, multimodalità e multiprogramma. Queste proprietà, infatti, racchiudono una molteplicità di valori che regolano i gradi d’interazione e le relazioni tra stazione AV e città a scale differenti (_3D-imensioni: Macro_Meso_Micro). La dimensione scalare della stazione AV, così, porterà con sé una capacità trasformazionale in grado d’innescare nuove dinamiche e sviluppi urbani. La riconnessione integrale tra i modi di trasporto moltiplicata per la contemporaneità delle funzioni e dei programmi (intesi come sequenza di azioni differenziate nel tempo) e per le differenti velocità dello spostamento (multitemporalità), genera un’ibridazione ed una contaminazione funzionale e sociale che configura la stazione AV come piattaforma complessa di collegamento performante e flessibile nello spazio-tempo. Il codex di classificazione determinato dall’approfondimento di questi temi porterà all’individuazione, non di un unico modello tipologico seppur flessibile, ma di 3 PROTO-TYPE, ovvero tre istanze prototipiche, che seguiranno sviluppi morfo-spaziali differenti e/o complementari: ponte abitato, piastra lineare, millefeuille (millestrati). Il “ponte abitato”, come spazio dell’attraversamento e boulevard urbano sospeso, è identificato come riconnessione e ricucitura urbana in grado di raccordare l’atopia dei luoghi urbani, ricostruire un paesaggio interrotto ed i frammenti ambientali presenti nella città attraverso il recupero dello spazio urbano che diventa abitato dalle persone in tempi differenti ed il rafforzamento della stazione come passage e portale della citta (Nodo AV di Roma Tiburtina, Stazione Porta Napoli ad Afragola, Ourense AVE Station a Galizia, Wuhan Station in Cina). La “piastra lineare”, intesa come polo di scambio dallo sviluppo prevalentemente orizzontale e lineare, è concepita come un continuum spaziale di collegamento “integrale” per la città e “collettore” di flussi dei percorsi urbani esistenti. La stazione diventa, così, percorso urbano, aperto ai flussi pedonali, e permeabile longitudinalmente e trasversalmente, attraverso un sistema di percorsi articolato su più livelli della città, trasformandosi in strada, in luogo di nuova urbanità ed evento collettivo (Nodo AV di Torino Porta Susa, New Guangzhou Station in Cina, New Delhi Railway Station, Kyoto Station Building). Il millefeuille (o millestrati), assimilato ad uno spazio stratificato in piani di attività e campi di movimento dallo sviluppo verticale, è generato da una stratificazione ed un intreccio di flussi in un sistema dinamico multilivelli e dai percorsi multipli. In questo spazio della “congestione” dominano Interferenze, concatenazioni di ritmi, velocità differenziate e sovrapposte dove coesistono movimento e variazione. Lo spazio risulta una “superagglomeration”, come in un condensatore urbano, dove integrazione ed interconnessione regolano il circuito interno (Stazione AV Firenze Belfiore, Kowloon Station ad Hong Kong, Gare Montparnasse a Parigi, Transbay Transit Center a San Francisco, Beijing South Railway Station a Pechino). Queste tre categorie definiscono, così, le possibili trasformazioni e combinazioni della stazione AV in un vero e proprio hub e le sue nuove dimensioni in termini spaziali e relazionali con la città alle diverse scale d’interconnessione urbana attraverso confluenze segniche e nuove progettualità ancora in corso di sperimentazione. L’obiettivo finale sarà, quindi, riuscire a dimostrare come la stazione AV, quale hub, è diventata un progetto g-locale che stabilisce un rapporto d’interconnessione e d’interdipendenza con la rete dalla quale non può prescindere per il suo funzionamento e l’accrescimento della rete stessa. I proto-tipi individuati segneranno questo fondamentale “passaggio” verso nuove sfide ma anche nuove frontiere della stazione AV!
6

D'Onghia, Vito. "Nuove dimensioni della città contemporanea e forme dell'agricoltura sostenibile nelle aree periurbane tra città e campagna." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11589/228262.

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Il tema del periurbano e della dimensione della città contemporanea è stato declinato nella presente ricerca in una visione di progetto inteso come “frontiera individuale e collettiva” nella quale richiamare trame, figure e modelli necessari a rigenerare spazi marginali interpretando l’agricoltura come mezzo attuativo. (Secchi B, 1987) L’interpretazione degli approcci teorici tra funzione, organizzazione spaziale e processi contemporanei, ha individuato in diversi casi indagati una dimensione dinamica nei quali riconoscere caratteri e forme necessari a guardare le città e i territori nella loro dimensione allargata di paesaggio e nei quali l’espansione urbana e il sistema degli spazi aperti costituisce una risorsa indispensabile per delineare una nuova visione contemporanea del periurbano. La periurbanità diventa il campo di pratiche nel quale indagare sulla questione urbana e sulla questione rurale, ricostruendo le visioni della campagna periurbana delle diverse scuole europee che hanno espresso una stagione di studi (riflessioni sull’urbanistica e sulla dimensione del paesaggio) e aperto un dibattito culturale della città contemporanea. Il tema del periurbano, al centro di questa ricerca, diventa in una visione territoriale una nuova forma autonoma di città, uno spazio senza autore investito dall’agricoltura, inteso come laboratorio di pratiche legato a nuovi stili di vita e di consumo, un luogo nel quale ricostruire quel legame perduto tra città, agricoltura e paesaggio. L’occasione per riflettere sulle tematiche agrourbane compiute in diverse esperienze di piani, progetti e best pratice diventa un’occasione concreta, per la presente ricerca, di conoscenza della spazialità, di approfondimento e comparazione per elaborare azioni specifiche e opportunità da cogliere nel valorizzare i caratteri e interpretare, in chiave contemporanea, le forme agricole nel contesto territoriale di studio. Nel periurbano del contesto metropolitano di Bari, questo lavoro ha voluto misurarsi e confrontarsi con la complessità dello spazio marginale, sulla dimensione della natura/agricoltura cercando di definire una nuova regolamentazione pubblica di gestione sostenibile per la definizione integrata di un landscape planning metropolitano che sappia richiamare analisi, conoscenza, valutazione e produzione di nuove idee. L’urbanistica diventa allora uno strumento per formulare una nuova proposta di abitabilità della città e della campagna, aprendosi a questioni contemporanee che accettano l’ibridazione tra agricoltura e natura. La sfida futura emersa dalla ricerca osserva come la periurbanità può avviare forme di collaborazione e di regolamentazione tra funzioni urbane e rurali, delineando Linee Guida per uno sviluppo agroambientale. Un’agricoltura urbana diventa la risposta che le città contemporanee attendono per rendere i loro servizi ecosistemici costruendo una vision indispensabile per integrare decision making e costruire politiche ed azioni efficaci per un’Agenda sostenibile con un approccio bottom up.
The theme of the peri-urban and the dimension of the contemporary city has been declined in this research in a project vision understood as an "individual and collective frontier" in which to recall plots, figures and models necessary to regenerate marginal spaces by interpreting agriculture as a means of implementation. (Secchi B, 1987) The interpretation of the theoretical approaches between function, spatial organization and contemporary processes, has identified in several investigated cases, a dynamic dimension in which to recognize characters and forms necessary to look at cities and territories in their enlarged landscape dimension and in which urban expansion and the system of open spaces constitutes an indispensable resource for outlining a new contemporary vision of the peri-urban. Periurbanity becomes the field of practices in which to investigate the urban question and the rural question, reconstructing the visions of the periurban countryside of the various European schools that have expressed a season of studies (reflections on urban planning and the dimension of the landscape) and opened a debate cultural heritage of the contemporary city. The theme of the peri-urban, at the center of this research, becomes in a territorial vision a new autonomous form of city, a space without an author invested by agriculture, intended as a laboratory of practices linked to new lifestyles and consumption, a place in the which one to reconstruct that lost link between city, agriculture and landscape. An opportunity to reflect on agro-urban issues carried out in different experiences of plans, projects and bests practice becomes a concrete opportunity, for this research, of knowledge of spatiality, of in-depth analysis and comparison to develop specific actions and opportunities to be seized in enhancing the characteristics and interpreting, in a contemporary key, agricultural forms in the territorial context of study. In the peri-urban area of the metropolitan context of Bari, this work wanted to measure and confront the complexity of the marginal space, on the dimension of nature / agriculture, trying to define a new public regulation of sustainable management for the integrated definition of a metropolitan landscape planning that knows how to recall analysis, knowledge, evaluation and production of new ideas. Urban planning then becomes a tool for formulating a new proposal for the habitability of the city and the countryside, opening up to contemporary issues that accept the hybridization between agriculture and nature. The future challenge that emerged from the research observes how periurbanity can initiate forms of collaboration and regulation between urban and rural functions, outlining guidelines for agri-environmental development. Urban agriculture becomes the answer that contemporary cities are waiting for to render their ecosystem services by building an indispensable vision for integrating decision making and building effective policies and actions for a sustainable agenda with a bottom up approach.

Books on the topic "Urban dimensioning":

1

1946-, Maciocco Giovanni, and Camarda Ignazio, eds. Le Dimensioni ambientali della pianificazione urbana. Bari [Italy]: Istituto di architettura e urbanistica, Università degli studi di Bari, 1991.

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Ciaffi, Daniela. La partecipazione: Dimensioni, spazi, strumenti. Roma: Carocci, 2006.

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Chiodelli, Francesco. Gerusalemme contesa: Dimensioni urbane di un conflitto. Roma: Carocci editore, 2012.

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Bergamaschi, Maurizio, Matteo Colleoni, and Martinelli Franco. La città: Bisogni, desideri, diritti : dimensioni spazio-temporali dell'esclusione urbana. Milano: FrancoAngeli, 2009.

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Martinelli, Franco, Maurizio Bergamaschi, and Matteo Colleoni. La città: Bisogni, desideri, diritti : dimensioni spazio-temporali dell'esclusione urbana. Milano: FrancoAngeli, 2009.

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Francini, Mauro. Modelli di sviluppo di aree urbane di piccole dimensioni: Scuola estiva 2008. Milano, Italy: FrancoAngeli, 2009.

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1948-, Coppo Maurizio, Cremaschi Marco, and Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche (Italy), eds. Strutture territoriali e questione abitativa: Evoluzione storica e dimensioni locali del problema della casa nel dopoguerra. Milano: FrancoAngeli, 1994.

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Francini, Mauro. Modelli di sviluppo di aree urbane di piccole e medie dimensioni: Il ruolo dei sistemi infrastrutturali nei processi di rigenerazione urbana : scuola estiva 2009. Milano, Italy: FrancoAngeli, 2010.

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Zimmermann, Astrid. Landschaft Planen: Dimensionen, Elemente, Typologien. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2014.

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Zimmermann, Astrid. Landschaft Planen: Dimensionen, Elemente, Typologien. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2014.

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Book chapters on the topic "Urban dimensioning":

1

Lengyel, Janka, and Jan Friedrich. "Multiscale urban modeling." In Neue Dimensionen der Mobilität, 387–408. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29746-6_32.

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Browne, Michael. "Urban Freight Transport and Logistics." In Dimensionen der Logistik, 139–54. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-6515-8_9.

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Harris, Peter. "The Road to Sustainable Urban Logistics." In Neue Dimensionen der Mobilität, 653–65. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29746-6_52.

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Schönberger, Jörn. "Optimale Produktportfolios für urbane Mobilitätsleistungen." In Neue Dimensionen der Mobilität, 333–46. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-29746-6_29.

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Schmidt, Anika, Janine Pößneck, Annegret Haase, and Sigrun Kabisch. "Quartier und urbane Resilienz: Themenfelder, Befunde und Forschungsbedarf." In Die Resiliente Stadt, 73–89. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66916-7_5.

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ZusammenfassungIn Anbetracht einer verstärkten Rezeption des Resilienzkonzepts in Forschung, Planung und kommunaler Praxis gibt der Beitrag einen Überblick zu aktuellen Bezügen zwischen Quartier und urbaner Resilienz. Diese werden für die Themenfelder Klimaanpassung, grün-blaue Infrastruktur, Energie- und Wärmewende, Gesundheit, Mobilität, Innovation und Reallabore sowie Wohnen skizziert. Am Beispiel der Coronakrise werden die multiplen Dimensionen von Krisen und ihre Wirkungsweisen im Quartier aufgezeigt. Der Beitrag betont damit, dass urbane Resilienz als multidimensionales Konzept und Querschnittsthema quartiersbezogener Forschung und Planung aufgefasst werden sollte. Er endet mit Hinweisen für eine kritische Analyse von Resilienz im Quartier und benennt weiteren Forschungsbedarf.
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"1516 dimensioning [n]." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Landscape and Urban Planning, 249. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-76435-9_3434.

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De la Calle-Vaquero, Manuel, María García-Hernández, Sofía Mendoza de Miguel, and Elena Ferreiro-Calzada. "In Search of Overtourism Indicators in Urban Centres." In Handbook of Research on the Impacts, Challenges, and Policy Responses to Overtourism, 302–24. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2224-0.ch016.

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Urban tourism is in constant growth. The increase in the number of tourists has a special impact on historic centres. Some problems related to overcrowding arise in these spaces, which represent important challenges for urban management. This chapter reflects on the need to define overtourism indicators that allow dimensioning the phenomenon and its impacts. But it also involves a deep reflection on the limits of application of these indicators. These limits derive from the absence of reference values and the operational difficulties to obtain data. First of all, the state of the art regarding the indicators is made. Secondly, based on a review of the existing bibliography, the next section raises some indicators of activity and tourism specialization. The focus is on European cities and the application of these indicators is shown in the historic centre of Madrid. Another section also looks at the perception of the phenomenon by different local stakeholders due to the absence of commonly accepted overtourism values, referring to these perceptions as valuation criteria.
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Frangieh, Nicolas, Gilbert Accary, Jean-Louis Rossi, Dominique Morvan, François-Joseph Chatelon, Thierry Marcelli, Sofiane Meradji, et al. "Fuelbreaks design: from CFD modelling to operational tools." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 222–26. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_36.

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Dimensioning a fuelbreak remains always a challenging problem. For a long time, this problem was tackled using an empirical approach from the experience of operational users such as the fire fighters and the foresters. During the last decades, new approaches coming from fire safety engineering have completed the set of tools adapted to study this problem. These tools are all based on physical considerations, more or- less sophisticated. The simplest ones, consist in assimilating the flame as a radiant panel, calculating the distribution of radiant heat flux as a function of the distance separating the flame to a potential target and defining at what distance this heat flux reached a critical threshold level susceptible to produce damages on this target (pain for people or ignition for materials). The most complex ones, consist in solving the conservation equations (mass, momentum, energy ...) governing the behaviour of complex coupled problem formed by the vegetation, the flame front and the surrounding atmosphere. This new generation of engineering tool, based on CFD approach allows to directly predict the behaviour of a fire front propagating toward a fuelbreak, in order to evaluate its efficiency as a function of the amount of surface fuel (grass, shrubs) removed to reduce locally the fuel load and therefore the intensity of an incoming fire. These two approaches are fully complementary, only the first one has the potentiality to be spread operationally on the field, whereas the second one can contribute to improve the first one and to study with more detail some very sensitive situations such as those encountered in the wildland urban interface (WUI). The main part of this study concerns numerical simulations of the propagation of a fire front through a homogeneous vegetation layer (a grassland) in the vicinity of a fuelbreak represented by a band more or less wide inside which all the fuel was removed. The simulations were performed using a fully physical wildfire model (FIRESTAR3D), three variable parameters were considered in this study: the 1m open wind speed (U1 ranged between 3 and 10 m/s), the fuel height (HFuel ranged between 0.25 and 1m) and the fuelbreak width (LFB). With these conditions, the simulations covered a large range of values of the Byram’s convective number NC (0.3 < NC < 60) in order to explore wind as well driven fires (NC < 2) and plume dominated fires (NC > 10). The 72 simulations carried out in this study have been classified in three categories: 1/ Propagation (if the fire has crossed the fuelbreak with a propagation after); 2/ Overshooting or Marginal (if the fire has crossed the fuelbreak without a propagation after); 3/ No-propagation (if the fuelbreak has stopped the fire). The main objective of this study was to determine the optimal fuelbreak width LFBx separating between the Propagation and the No-propagation regimes, in order to generalize the conclusion, the results have been presented in dimensionless form (similitude theory) in representing as an example the ratio LFBx/HFuel versus the Byram’s convective number NC.

Conference papers on the topic "Urban dimensioning":

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Woloszyn, Philippe, and Thomas Leduc. "Ambient pointers geocomputation in urban maze: Soundmark fluxes psychophysical dimensioning." In Industrial Engineering (CIE39). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccie.2009.5223919.

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Demirkol, Ilker, Daniel Camps-Mur, Jens Bartelt, and Jim Zou. "5G transport network blueprint and dimensioning for a dense urban scenario." In 2017 European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eucnc.2017.7980773.

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Lebouc, L., V. Boucher, P. Richard, F. Greffier, and A. Nicolaï. "EXPLORATORY STUDY TO DEFINE NEW OBSERVATION GEOMETRIES FOR ROAD LIGHTING DESIGN." In CIE 2023 Conference. International Commission on Illumination, CIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/x50.2023.op030.

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This article focuses on the visibility of road users in urban environment. First, we carried out a virtual reality experiment to find out where we look on the ground when we travel in city. This enabled us to deduce observation angles for each type of user. Measurements on an experimental site and simulations were carried out with these new observation angles. This enabled us to assess the impact of changing the observation geometry on the quality criteria of a lighting installation and on the visibility criterion. We have shown that increasing the observation angle leads to a reduction in the mean luminance but, despite this, visibility is not affected. This led us to propose adaptations to the current recommendations: using a mobile observer for an observation angle greater than 1° and downgrading by one class when dimensioning a lighting installation in the city in the standard way.
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Cecchini, Arnaldo, and Maria Rita Schirru. "L’esplosione urbana: un fenomeno a molte dimensioni." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Roma: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7972.

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Il mondo sta diventando un mondo di città. Un fenomeno incessante e che si svolge a velocità crescente è quello dell’esplosione urbana che spesso si manifesta come sprawl, ma che non è solo sprawl. Far fronte al fenomeno dell’esplosione urbana non è semplice, anche perché non è un solo fenomeno, ma fenomeni diversi per morfologia e per cause. E allora non vi è una sola soluzione per controllare l’esplosione urbana, come ripete il mantra della “città compatta” come l’unica e un po’ vaga soluzione. Governare l’esplosione urbana vuol certamente dire accrescere la densità e concentrare le aree urbanizzate, ma questo può essere fatto solo comprendendo le specificità dei diversi fenomeni e identificando la “cura” corretta, con un atteggiamento progettuale lungimirante. Come pianificare una nuova via per rendere possibile lo sviluppo di questi territori, pensando alle interazioni e ai legami tra i diversi livelli, le diverse funzioni, le diverse popolazioni, ma anche fra piano e progetto? Si può partire dal presupposto che sia possibile ridurre gli effetti negativi del periurbano pur conservandone e valorizzandone i vantaggi, ricercando dei “compromessi”, attraverso l’individuazione di una serie di strumenti urbanistici coadiuvati da misure economico-fiscali. La pianificazione urbanistica non può, da sola, governare il fenomeno periurbano, perché le convenienze in gioco sono numerose e in capo ad una moltitudine di soggetti diversi; quindi si deve operare, oltre che sugli strumenti urbanistici, anche su quelli economico-fiscali, proponendo un riordino del sistema fiscale, integrato nella pianificazione urbanistica ed ambientale delle città. Proveremo a indicare come The world is today a “world of cities”. In this world there is phenomenon that is an incessant phenomenon, that occurs at an increasing speed: the urban explosion, that is sprawl, ma not only sprawl. To cope with this phenomenon is not easy, mainly because it is not a single phenomenon, but a set of related phenomena, different for morphology and different in causes. Then there is not a sole solution to control the urban explosion, as it is told by the rather simplistic mantra of the compact city. The control of the urban explosion needs to increase density and concentrate urbanization, but we can operate this control only if we understand the diversity of phenomena to identify the right treatment, designing with far-sightedness, How to design and plan a new way to allow a development of these territories, looking at the interaction between the different levels of governance, the different functions, the different populations? Uno starting point could be that it is possible to reduce the negative effects of suburbanization, maintaining the advantages, finding a “compromise” when needed; it implies to combine planning regulations with fiscal end economical measures. Urban and territorial planning cannot govern the sub-urbanisation by itself: we have a complex game with a lot of diverging actors; we must integrate planning and fiscal systems. We’ll try to say how.
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Battaglini, Elena, and Sandra Annunziata. "Territoriality and urban policy: addressing territorial complexity." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Roma: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8028.

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In che modo affrontiamo le istanze poste dalla complessità del territorio nelle pratiche e nella definizione di politiche territoriali? Cosa è la territorialità e quali possono le variabli in gioco nei processi di territorializzazione dei fenomeni urbani? Per rispondere a queste domande il contributo introdurrà la nozione di regione, territorio, luogo, territorialità e territorializzazione. In seguito si analizzano le variabili e le dimensioni emerse, nell’abito della sessione Terrioriality and Urban Policies, nell’affrontare le istanze poste dalla complessità territoriale. Tali dimensioni della “produzione territoriale” saranno qui trattate come un punto di partenza per una definizione delle politiche territoriali che sia informata dall’analisi dei fenomeni urbani e il più possibile aderente alla complessità dei territori contemporanei. How do we deal with territorial complexity in present urban territorial policies and practices. What is territoriality and what are the dimension od territorial production ? In order to explore this issue the contribute will unpack in the first paragraph the notion of region, territory, place, territoriality and territorialisation. In the second paragraph it will outline the dimension of territorial production that inform urban and territorial policies as emerged from the conference parallel session on Territoriality and urban policy. These dimension might inform future approach in territorial policy making.
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Roselli, Claudia. "Geografie della memoria e zone di transizione: interpretare le possibilità future di salvaguardia dei legami territoriali a Delhi." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Roma: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7959.

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Il futuro delle metropoli sarà quello di continuare ad aumentare in dimensioni ed estensioni, fagocitando territorio, oppure ci sarà un momento in cui le cose cominceranno a cambiare, nella consapevolezza collettiva e politica, che è necessario assimilare i concetti di limite e di sostenibilità? Sembra che le svolte economiche globali abbiano già allertato le menti sensibili verso un necessario cambiamento di rotta nella governance urbana. Non è più possibile ignorare le trasformazioni, talvolta molto pericolose, in atto nelle nostre città, ed è piuttosto necessario tentare un loro indirizzamento verso passaggi temporali che considerino l'importanza della memoria collettiva, attivando l'engramma giusto per costruire nuove relazioni antropologiche, culturali e sociali. Nello specifico il paper vuole esaminare la realtà della città di Delhi, la capitale indiana, svelando l'esistenza nel suo corpo di zone di confine territoriali: zone dove ancora è possibile trovare e riconoscere tracce della sua antica origine rurale fatta di mestieri agricoli e artigiani, forni di argilla e terre coltivate. Questa anima della città, costituita da memorie, saperi e relazioni territoriali è stata minacciata, negli ultimi anni, dal desiderio cieco di espansione di imprenditori senza scrupoli e da decisioni non monitorate capillarmente relative ai piani di sviluppo urbanistico, le quali hanno avuto ricadute non prevedibili a spese del territorio e dell'ambiente. Negli ultimi anni, dopo la fine delle aspettative create dai Giochi del Commonwealth, la città ha sviluppato una rete infrastrutturale più veloce, promuovendo l'utilizzo dei mezzi pubblici e creando una rete metropolitana molto efficiente, presupposto iniziale per riconquistare la sua antica fama di città verde. Oltre a queste nuove potenzialità infrastrutturali anche i tessuti connettivi, tra area ed area e le grandi zone di verde urbano ( giardini, parchi e foreste ) potenziano l'ipotesi di trasformare Delhi in una delle più competitive capitali del futuro. Per realizzare questa visione è necessario creare vocabolari, strade e linguaggi, capaci di suggerire lo sviluppo di nuovi modelli di insediamenti urbani sopratutto nelle zone più sensibili ovvero laddove avviene l'incontro tra l'urbano ed il rurale. The future of the metropolis will be to increase in dimension and extension phagocyting territory, or it will be a moment where the things will start to change, in the collective and politic awareness, that it is necessary to absorb the concepts of limits and sustainability? It seems that the global economic turns have already alerted the sensitive minds towards a necessary change of the course of the urban governance. It is not possible to ignore longer, the transformations, sometime very dangerous, in our cities, todays. Rather it is necessary try to addressed them in a time crossing, capable of understanding the importance of the collective memory, attracting the proper engramma to build new anthropological, cultural and social relations. Specifically the paper would like analyze the reality of the city of Delhi, the Indian capital, disclosing the existences, on its body, of some territorial boundaries. Zones where it is possible to find and to recognize tracks of its ancient rural origins made by crafts and agricultural artisan, clay ovens and cultivated lands. This soul of the city, made by memories, knowledges and territorial relations was menaced, on the last years, from the blind wish of expansions of unscrupulous businessman and from decisions not capillary monitored relatively to urban development plans, which have had unpredictable consequences for the territory and for the environment. After the end of the expectations created from the Commonwealth Games, on 2010, the city developed an infrastructural net more quick, promoting the use of the public transports and creating an underground net very efficient, initial assumption to regain its former glory of green city. Over these new infrastructural potentialities also the connective tissues, between area and area and the big zones of urban green, like gardens, parks and forests, they had great potential in themselves to make Delhi one of the most competitive capital of the future.To realize this visions it is necessary to create vocabularies, roads and languages, capable of suggesting the development of new models of urban settlements mainly on the sensitive zones, where it will happen the encounter between urban and rural.
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Corbisiero, Fabio, and Antonella Avolio. "Migrazioni e networks urbani." In International Conference Virtual City and Territory. Roma: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.7987.

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Ripercorrendo l’ampio dibattito sul tema emerge quanto numerose siano le definizioni di integrazione elaborate dagli studiosi che si sono occupati di migrazioni. Soprattutto in anni più recenti, in forza dei rilevanti cambiamenti dei fenomeni migratori in atto, in molti concordano che questi processi sono aperti a molteplici esiti, in gran parte collegati a fattori di contesto politico, sociale, economico e culturale. Questi diversi fattori rappresentano altrettante dimensioni con cui si può guardare all’integrazione, che pertanto si configura come concetto multidimensionale, oltre che dinamico, e che può essere declinato a diversi livelli di analisi. Il livello relazionale (livello meso) rappresenta il punto di convergenza di fattori di integrazione macro e micro: i percorsi di inserimento urbano spesso dipendono dall’efficacia delle reti nelle quali si è inseriti. Questo contributo presenta i risultati di una ricerca condotta nel quartiere Mercato a Napoli, che ha avuto come oggetto di analisi l’integrazione della comunità cabardina, attraverso la metodologia e gli strumenti della Social Network Analysis. There are many definitions of integration developed by scholars of migration. They agree – especially in recent years, due to the significant changes in migration – that these processes are open to multiple outcomes, largely related political, social, economic and cultural factors. These different factors represent the different dimension which you can look to the integration; a term that appears as a multidimensional concept, as well as dynamic, and can be declined at different levels of analysis. The relational level (meso-level) represents the point of convergence between macro and micro factors of integration. In fact, the urban integration processes often depend on the effectiveness of their own social networks. This paper presents the results of a survey in the Mercato neighborhood (Naples). The aim is to analyze the integration of Kabardians community, through Social Network Analysis methods.

Reports on the topic "Urban dimensioning":

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Meghir, Costas, Ana Santiago, Orazio P. Attanasio, and Andrew Shephard. Improving the Education Component of Conditional Cash Transfers in Urban Settings. Inter-American Development Bank, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011068.

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Presents information about opportunity cost of attendance to school, touching on issues of the proper dimensioning of cash subsidies, the adequacy of the conditionality and operational issues associated with conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs. It then analyzes the challenge of increasing school enrollment in urban areas using a dynamic model that accounts for labor opportunities of young people in these areas.

To the bibliography