Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Urban Designing'
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1
Seyed-Kalal, Sassan. "Designing urban parks, theory and practice." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58377.pdf.
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McDermott, George F. "Designing an urban teacher education program." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3342193.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Education, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Oct 2, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-02, Section: A, page: 0458. Adviser: Frank Lester.
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Wong, Kei-fung, and 王琦鳳. "Designing contextual design." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50704953.
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Reul, Lindsay Kramer. "Designing landscapes for economy : designing regional landscape infrastructure to enable economic and environmental benefits." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73708.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2012.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
"June 2012." Page [86] blank. Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-82).
This thesis seeks to deploy landscape design as a regional economic development strategy. It investigates the relationship between economic activity and the built environment. Economies transition from one trend to the next at a faster pace than urban stock, meaning the landscape and infrastructure, is able to adjust. Thus, flows of ephemeral economic phases leave patterns of durable infrastructure elements that may not serve as relevant or useful purposes in the emerging economic movements. These landscapes and infrastructure elements can then become underutilized or obsolete. Instead of allowing these facets of the built environment to fall subject to abandonment, entirely rely upon subsidies, or solely become a commodity tourist attraction, this thesis seeks to redesign and repurpose old infrastructure to deliver productive services to the surrounding contemporary society. This paper asks if adaptively repurposing regional infrastructure can contribute positively to regional economics. In order to test this argument, it investigates a single case study - the Erie Canal in Upstate New York. The Erie Canal was a piece of 19th century infrastructure built in 1825 that gave substantial rise and economic prosperity to the region. However, since its initial opening, the Erie Canal has declined in relevance and today suffers from underutilization. This paper seeks to discover if redesigning and repurposing the Erie Canal can generate both economic benefits and ecologic benefits to contribute positively to the surrounding urban region. It applies a systems-based design approach to assess the current conditions of the Canal, and then identifies points of leverage, or catalyst sites, along the linear system that will most greatly engender positive benefits for the entire surrounding region. A full mapping assessment was conducted per the research principles of systems-based design. Further economic and site information was recalled through secondary source reports and interviews. From these research methods, three typologies of catalyst sites and spaces were identified along the linear canal system and five potential economic opportunities were identified in the Erie Canal Region. This thesis proposes three alternative trajectories to move forward with these physical and economic findings: conduct a primary source investigation to discover the true potential of the latent economic opportunities surrounding the canal; remove the subsidy from the Canal budget all together and deinfrastructuralize the waterway to a natural state; or amplify the natural strengths of the Canal by diversifying its utilization.
by Lindsay K. Reul.
M.C.P.
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Lee, David Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Designing cities for the elderly." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40124.
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Thesis (M.C.P. and S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-66).
This thesis seeks to answer how urban design in an established town can be adapted to accommodate an aging population. It uses the town of Brookline, Massachusetts, as an example of a community making active efforts to improve its design and services to meet the needs of its elderly citizens. Among the many challenges seniors face in Brookline are barriers to mobility, need for activity and company, threats to physical safety, and limited range of travel. Through careful planning and design, local governments can make physical improvements to the public environment to allow seniors easy access to all parts of the town or city, and these improvements benefit people of all ages as well. However, institutions like the Senior Center in Brookline are essential for providing a high quality of life, by hosting recreational and educational activities, organizing services and outreach to isolated seniors, lobbying for appropriate representation in local policymaking, and increasing awareness of elderly issues. A combination of infrastructure improvements, services, and long-range planning can overcome the obstacles of cost, ignorance, and poor design to make the public environment accessible to all ages and abilities.
by David Lee.
M.C.P.and S.B.
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Knowles, Ann W. (Ann Wigham). "Designing the livable winter city." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/75523.
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Wilson, Allison, and Allison Wilson. "Urban Food Growth: Designing for Vertical Building Surfaces." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12381.
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This thesis attempts to determine if food-producing plant growth can be incorporated within a building envelope to create an ideal plant growth environment while simultaneously enhancing the thermal properties of the building envelope. A window system was designed as a means of bringing food production into the built environment in an easily accessible fashion from the interior of a high-rise apartment complex. The Ya-Po-Ah Terrace in Eugene, Oregon, was chosen as a case study site for research on how a window could promote health, provide nutrition, and enhance the thermal comfort of the inhabitants. The design of the window unit is founded in precedent research on methods of plant growth in urban environments and systems for growing food in small and efficient ways. The design found that it is possible to create an ideal plant growth environment within a building assembly for use as a food production method for building inhabitants.
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Bruegger, Fletcher Cork. "Housing a Family: Designing for Multigenerational Urban Living." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79671.
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My interest in the study and practice of architecture is as a creative tool or solution to many of the challenges in our daily lives and communities.To not just create beautiful space that brings joy to be and exist in, but also space that, through design, addresses problems and helps make life easier and more livable.
When exploring an idea for a thesis, I wanted to find design solutions for many of the problems associated with housing and the changing space needs or requirements throughout one's family life-cycle.
For over a century the single family home with the nuclear family has been the quintessential American cultural housing ideal. (Think of all the suburban developments and houses with perfectly manicured lawns and identical rows of winding streets stretching for miles and miles out into the countryside). However, in my opinion, this form of housing is quite wasteful in terms of space, material, family, and community resources. It segregates and separates us from our extended family reserves, costing us money, time and most importantly the daily support we might otherwise have from those closest to us: family.
I recognize that I am proposing rethinking longstanding cultural understandings about our most basic everyday functions: where and how we live. Part of my architectural exploration includes a question that I know I can never fully answer in these pages: can design lead culture? More specifically, can I or "we" as architects create a desire for something new in our culture through design? Not a new toy or gadget, but a new way of thinking about our future and how we want to live?Master of Architecture
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Rong, Helena Hang. "Designing with data : collective intelligence in urban design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123601.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture, 2019Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 138-141).
Over the last decade, advancements in data collection, computing and visualization methods have given rise to a new form of urbanism: networked urbanism. Our current output of data is roughly 2.5 quintillion bytes a day. Ninety percent of the world's data has been created in the last two years alone. As cities compete for "smart city" status, myriad sensors are installed in the built environment, capturing a "real-time" city supposedly responsive to both infrastructural and citizen needs, thereby creating a more desirable environment for people to live. If this is the case, why has Songdo International Business District become a "ghost-town" as some reports claim, attracting only less than a quarter of its anticipated population? Although the smart city model has been hailed by technocratic enthusiasts as a solution to the sustainable city challenge for almost two decades, it has increasingly been critiqued for being overly technocratic and top-down in orientation, decreeing forms of algorithmic governance which control and discipline citizens, and omitting qualitative factors such as cultural vibrancy and community bonding. And in the process, both designers and citizens become increasingly marginalized from the discussion. I intend to address the shortcomings of current approaches to Smart Cities in the context of human -centric urban design and develop a new design methodology which emphasizes on the "smart citizen" to effectively engage the collective throughout a collaborative urban design process. This thesis surveys a number of significant recent projects and studies their goals, proposed frameworks and interventions, ingredients used in their loT solutions as well as potential concerns, and uses the findings to create a citizen engagement tool and design framework to be tested on a site in Ang Sila, Thailand.
by Helena Hang Rong.
S.M.
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Architecture
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Wu, Kathryn K. "Designing diverse neighborhoods." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42757.
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This thesis argues for diversity as an important element for urban neighborhoods. This argument is framed by three questions. First, what are the recent findings from urban design, planning and architecture research and practice about achieving neighborhood diversity? Second, what are the physical ingredients of traditional, diverse urban neighborhoods that enable diverse populations, lifestyles and incomes? Third, what design strategies can be formulated, based on the evidence above, to design and implement diverse neighborhoods?
Three neighborhoods in Atlanta are the focus of the detailed analysis of diversity. These are: Inman Park, Ansley Park and Virginia-Highland. These three neighborhoods were chosen because of their similarities. They all appear to be single family detached neighborhoods but are actually diverse in terms of housing type and owner/renter occupancy; they are perceived to have unique identities in architectural styles, but actually have a diversity of styles and ages of buildings. They all are perceived to be fully gentrified but in fact, house diverse populations in terms of age, income, race and lifestyle.
The conclusions of this thesis include written recommendations, based on current neighborhood design ideas as supported by the analysis of Atlanta neighborhoods.
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Power, Andres M. "Designing for ecology : the ecological park." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37863.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2006.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 136-144).
This thesis aims to define a) what an ecological park is, and b) whether it is a new model in park design. Reference to the literature on landscape ecology is used to analyze the natural ecological merit of these parks, while reference to the literature on communicative elements of the landscape is used to analyze the pedagogic, or socio-cultural merit of these parks. Two case studies of recently built ecological parks - Xochimilco in Mexico City and Crissy Field in San Francisco, are analyzed and compared to two older picturesque parks - Golden Gate Park in San Francisco and the Back Bay Fens in Boston.The analysis shows that the ecological park is indeed a new phenomenon and model of park design.This new model redefines the relationship between park and city by connecting the cultural and natural ecological aspects of the park's site with a larger context.The ecological park model moves beyond the experientially isolated urban parks of years past, providing society instead with a sustainable, ecologically viable, self-replicating vehicle to improve the links between the built environment and the landscape.
by Andres M. Power.
M.C.P.
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Hu, Jiayu, and 胡嘉渝. "Designing Hong Kong towards a sustainable urban form: the significance of urban design." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260512.
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Hu, Jiayu. "Designing Hong Kong towards a sustainable urban form : the significance of urban design /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23427218.
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Jensen, Anna Lindgaard. "Designing for an aging world." Thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-254634.
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How can we design cities that can accommodate and include the increasing amount of elderly our society will experience in the coming years? What does this demographic shift mean to how our cities work, and is it possible to design our cities in a way where it becomes less of a problem?
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Allan, Johanna. "Designing the message." This title; PDF viewer required. Home page for entire collection, 2010. http://archives.udmercy.edu:8080/dspace/handle/10429/9.
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Cooledge, Mia. "Sustainable Urban Rail Trails: Designing the Cross Kirkland Corridor." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/139.
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This thesis is a guide to building a sustainable rail-trail, wherein I focus on invasive species removal, green pavement, and creating an inviting space with the inclusion of integrated art. When the City of Kirkland, WA purchased the 5.75 mile long section of railroad going through the city, I approached city manager Kurt Triplett to ask about his plans for the corridor. He liked the idea of aiming for a sustainable trail, so I wrote a guide to building an environmentally friendly trail based on a number of prominent readings on sustainable design.
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Fargas, i. Texidó Josep Maria. "Designing rules--heuristics of invention in design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39036.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1991.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 117-120).
by Josep Maria Fargas i Texidó.
M.C.P.
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Harris, Amanda M. "Designing With Climate: Using Parking Lots to Mitigate Urban Climate." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35785.
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Urban areas are known to have different climatic conditions than their rural counterparts including higher temperatures, greater wind speeds, and increased precipitation otherwise known as urban heat islands, urban wind, and urban precipitation. These phenomena are all caused by the design and form of the city. Large amounts of impervious surface area, obtrusive buildings, and a lack of vegetation in the urban landscape all contribute to these problems. Landscape architects have the potential to mitigate urban heat islands, urban wind, and urban precipitation by understanding what causes these phenomena and knowing a few key principles by which to mitigate them.
Parking lots can cover up to half of the land area in cities and offer a great opportunity to correct urban climate problems. This thesis looks at current United States parking lot ordinances to determine if and how well principles of designing with climate have been incorporated. Guidelines are then given to help in the construction of a parking lot ordinance that aims to ameliorate the city's mesoclimate. A design is then created that shows how these parking lot guidelines could be incorporated into a functional, aesthetically pleasing parking lot.
Master of Landscape Architecture
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Doherty, Patsy M. "Public policy instruments for designing the built environment." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73274.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1986.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH
Bibliography: leaves 57-58.
by Patsy M. Doherty.
M.C.P.
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Blatt, Rachel E. (Rachel Elizabeth). "Obstructing the path? : designing sidewalks through object placement." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73810.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-127).
Vibrant multi-use sidewalks are designed in two phases. First there is the design of the physical infrastructure which determines sidewalk widths, materials, and the adjacent building fagades and roadway. Then there is the design problem of organizing objects on the sidewalk: where should the trees be planted, where do the lampposts, benches, trashcans, and signs get placed. Object placement is what identifies the sidewalk as a multi-use environment - making it both a space to move through and a place to gather in. Objects are furthermore an expression of property rights and the presence and absence of objects on a sidewalk are used to stake claims to the space for different purposes. The placement of objects is an ongoing process involving many public and private stakeholders, and thus policy is needed to manage object placements. This project utilizes a case study methodology and looks at the recorded sidewalk object policies in three of the most forward thinking cities in the US when it comes to utilizing sidewalks: New York, NY, Boston, MA, and Cambridge, MA. The municipal codes and written design guidelines are analyzed through the lenses of three claims to the sidewalk: the right to movement, the right to appropriation, and the right to commodification. With additional input from interviews with municipal staff members and consulting groups, this analysis reveals that municipalities are increasingly thinking about sidewalks as a space for more than just walking. Objects on the sidewalk have been assumed to be obstructions, disruptions to the official purpose of the sidewalk - walking. But the policies that are currently developing in New York, Boston, and Cambridge designate places for objects to be, allowing them to be evaluated from a neutral starting point. This shift in thinking about objects is still largely unconscious but necessary for planners, designers, and engineers to make, so that objects can be recognized for their design potential. Reframing objects as design elements in municipal laws and guidelines will open up new possibilities for creating lively sidewalks.
by Rachel E. Blatt.
M.C.P.
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Kruse, Gabriel. "Take Me to the River: Designing the Intimate Waterfront." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32858.
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The purpose of this thesis is to establish design guidelines that will encourage an intimate relationship between waterfront users and the adjacent waterway through increased immediate physical, visual, and audible access to water. This thesis includes a literature review to build an understanding of: (1) the relationship between people and water; (2) the evolution of urban waterfronts in the United States and how intimacy with water is limited by the siting of buildings, construction of transportation infrastructure, and installation of flood control measures; and (3) three approaches used to create design guidelines for an intimate waterfront design. The established design guidelines are then used to analyze three waterfronts: the Inner Harbor in Baltimore, Maryland; Carroll Creek in Frederick, Maryland; and the Georgetown waterfront in Washington, D.C. This analysis leads to the position that successful urban waterfronts must allow for immediate access to the water to foster an intimate experience for waterfront users. This position is then tested through the anaylsis and design of the Rock River waterfront in Janesville, WI.Master of Landscape Architecture
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Doshi, Siddharth. "Designing a multi-modal traveler information platform for urban transportation." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37167.
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Urban transportation networks are inefficient due to sub-optimal use by travelers. One approach to counter the increase in urban transportation demand is to provide better information to travelers, which would allow them to make better use of the network.
Existing traveler information systems do this to a certain extent, but are limited by the data available and the scope of their implementation. These systems are vertically integrated and closed so that using any external elements for analysis, user interfacing etc. is difficult.
The effects of such traveler information systems are reviewed via a comparative analysis of case studies available in the literature. It is found that information availability has a definite positive effect, but the social and environmental benefits are difficult to quantify. It is also seen that combining data by integrating systems can lead to additional uses for the same data and result on better quality of service and information.
In this thesis, a regional platform for multi-modal traveler information is proposed that would support the development of traveler information systems. The architecture incorporates a central processing and storage module, which acts as an information clearinghouse and supports receiving, managing and sending data to and from multiple sources and interfaces. This setup allows sharing of data for analysis or application development, but with access control. The components are loosely coupled to minimize inter-dependencies. Due to this, the source, analysis, user interface and storage components can be developed independently of each other.
To better develop the requirements and understand the challenges of the proposed concept, a limited implementation of the system is designed for the midtown Atlanta region, incorporating multiple data sources and user interfaces. The individual elements of the system are described in detail as is the testing and evaluation of the system.
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Bas, Yener. "Designing Urban Space With Te Tools Of The Development Legislation." Master's thesis, METU, 2004. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/1042878/index.pdf.
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Since 1960s, the scope of urban design broadened in a way that to control the
formation process of urban space as a whole. In this respect urban coding became a
distinct branch in urban planning as an integrating mechanism of planning and
design processes. Thus, design control has become a crucial part of the development
control systems especially in the western countries. Although the development
legislation in Turkey as an urban coding system has various weaknesses about urban
design and design control, it provides important tools to control urban form from
macro scale to micro scale. Aim of this study is to analyze the capabilities and
deficiencies of the development legislation in Turkey as a design control system.
The mostly stated complaint about the planned areas in the cities of Turkey is the
loss of diversity and peculiar character of settlements as a result of the
homogenization of their spatial pattern, namely apartmentalization. This problem is
basically related with the exclusion of urban design from the planning process. The
planning approach in Turkey merely oriented to readjustment of property appropriate
to small-scale development, ignoring the concerns in regard to urban design.
Therefore, beyond a technical fault resulting from the legislation, this is an outcome
iv
of the way legal tools are used that does not realize the value of potentia l possibilities
in the legislation.
However, if the legal tools are used efficiently in an approach that bring the
considerations of urban design into fore, it might be possible to come out with more
satisfactory environments in terms of diversity and richness of urban space. This is
the basic hypothesis examined in this study.
In this context, firstly the relation between urban coding and design is investigated in
its historical development and a hierarchical model for design control is defined.
Then the development legislation in Turkey is evaluated in the frame of this model.
Finally, territorial hierarchy of space is taken up as a design criterion and the
capacity of legal tools in control of the transitional zones, which are critical elements
of territorial hierarchy, is examined.
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Alizadeh, Behdad. "The impacts of climate change on designing sustainable urban landscapes." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14381/.
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There is much evidence to indicate that the climate is changing. The aims of this study were to develop meadow-like communities of Continental, Mediterranean and Temperate grassland species as a new approach to designing sustainable urban landscapes under different climate change scenarios. To achieve this aim, a community of thirty-six species from Marine, Mediterranean and Continental temperate climates were chosen to represent a gradient from well-fitted to poorly-fitted to the current British climate. The species were chosen to share similar morphological characteristics, in terms of canopy size, texture and structure. They were also chosen to be attractive in terms of colourful flowers, from spring to autumn, which provides a strong design impact. Three series of the experiment were conducted to investigate the effects of different climate scenarios on the fitness and growth performance of native and non-native species in meadow-like communities. The plant species seedlings were grown in situ at Sheffield Botanical Gardens with three watering regime rates (50% increase in precipitation, 50% decrease in precipitation and ambient), two different temperature treatments (Ambient and Ambient plus 30C), two levels of CO2 concentration (Ambient and Ambient +450PPM) in the presence or absence of molluscs. The results indicate that water availability; CO2 concentration and temperature are three important factors to choose plant species for greenspace according to the future climate change scenarios. Although each of the environmental factors has specific effects on species fitness and adjustment, their interaction is more important. At the Ambient level of CO2, the intermediate-fitted group (Mediterranean climate species) shows the highest biomass production in future climate scenarios. The poorly-fitted species cannot tolerate high levels of moisture, when the moisture level reaches Ambient over 50% of the plants in this group will show negligible growth, but increasing temperature can decrease this effect excess water in different species at different levels. Increasing CO2 from the ambient level to 900PPM enhanced the biomass productivity in all groups. The continental temperate grassland species (poorly fitted species) at CO2:900PPM, Temperature: Ambient, Moisture: Ambient and the Ambient +50% condition, showed similar biomass productivity to Mediterranean climate species. Overall, a designed plant community of species from Marine and Mediterranean climates will present the best-fitted species to design naturalistic urban landscapes according the 2050 UK climate change scenarios. Mollusc grazing was affected by different climate scenarios (from dry and warm to wet and hot). Slugs showed different behaviours in dry, wet, warm and ambient temperature in terms of plant selection for feeding. There was no significant difference in biodiversity support between native and non-native species regarding mollusc grazing.
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Bilandzic, Mark. "Designing mobile systems for social navigation in urban public places." Thesis, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, 2007. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/66729/1/Diplomarbeit.pdf.
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This thesis presents social requirements and design considerations from a study evaluating interactive approaches to social navigation and user-generated information sharing in urban environments using mobile devices. It investigates innovative ways to leverage mobile information and communication technology in order to provide a social navigation platform for residents and visitors in and for public urban places.
Through a design case study this work presents CityFlocks, a mobile information system that offers an easy way for information-seeking new residents or visitors to access tacit knowledge from local people about their new community. It is intended to enable visitors and new residents in a city to tap into the knowledge and experiences of local residents in order to gather information about their new environment. Its design specifically aims to lower existing barriers of access and facilitate social navigation in urban places. In various user tests it evaluates two general user interaction alternatives – direct and indirect social navigation – and analyses which interaction method works better for people using a mobile device to socially navigate urban environments. The outcomes are relevant for the user interaction design of future mobile information systems that leverage the social navigation approach.
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Cohn, Libbie Dina. "Designing economic democracy Boston Ujima Project's participatory allocation process." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113805.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 107-109).
This client-based thesis analyzes Participatory Budgeting processes in two cities to help guide the institutional design of Boston Ujima Project's participatory allocation process. Grassroots-led organization Boston Ujima Project is developing a democratically-governed Capital Fund by integrating community participation in deliberation and decision-making at various stages of the investment process. Broadly speaking, the three democratic dimensions of the Fund are those that ensure meaningful participation by low-income communities of color most impacted by the investments, safeguard accountability to those communities, and integrate relevant forms of expertise, including residents' expertise, throughout the decision-making process. Drawing from case studies of Participatory Budgeting in Porto Alegre and New York City, this paper provides conceptual frameworks and recommendations for the institutional design of Ujima's participatory allocation process.
by Libbie D. Cohn.
M.C.P.
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Smithwick, Virginia Layne. "Mediated space : designing in the gray area." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23478.
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Wiggins, Glenn E. "Architectural drawing as designing and creating : a constructionist perspective." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12671.
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Ekström, Joakim. "Designing Urban Road Congestion Charging Systems : Models and Heuristic Solution Approaches." Licentiate thesis, Linköping University, Department of Science and Technology, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15747.
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The question of how to design a congestion pricing scheme is difficult to answer and involves a number of complex decisions. This thesis is devoted to the quantitative parts of designing a congestion pricing scheme with link tolls in an urban car traffic network. The problem involves finding the number of tolled links, the link toll locations and their corresponding toll level. The road users are modeled in a static framework, with elastic travel demand.
Assuming the toll locations to be fixed, we recognize a level setting problem as to find toll levels which maximize the social surplus. A heuristic procedure based on sensitivity analysis is developed to solve this optimization problem. In the numerical examples the heuristic is shown to converge towards the optimum for cases when all links are tollable, and when only some links are tollable.
We formulate a combined toll location and level setting problem as to find both toll locations and toll levels which maximize the net social surplus, which is the social surplus minus the cost of collecting the tolls. The collection cost is assumed to be given for each possible toll location, and to be independent of toll level and traffic flow. We develop a new heuristic method which is based on repeated solutions of an approximation to the combined toll location and level setting problem. Also, a known heuristic method for locating a fixed number of toll facilities is extended, to find the optimal number of facilities to locate. Both heuristics are evaluated on two small networks, where our approximation procedure shows the best results.
Our approximation procedure is also employed on the Sioux Falls network. The result is compared with different judgmental closed cordon structures, and the solution suggested by our method clearly improves the net social surplus more than any of the judgmental cordons.
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Erlingsson, Oskar, and Karin Dahlqvist. "Designing for the Unknown : Exploring Urban Mining as a case study." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1078.
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The earth’s resources are limited; with the speed that humanity are using earth’s resources today, we would need 1.5 times of the earth’s regenerative capacity to compensate for what we use. Raw materials has since a long time ago been mined from the bedrock, which affects the earth in a negative way. If we could use materials and products that are circulating in our society, but are not being used and thereby considered as waste, traditional mining could be replaced with urban mining. Imagine what would happen if earth’s resources would be limited by laws and regulations in the future; mining as it is known today would not be allowed and there would be a need of resources that is gathered in another way, an unknown way. The world is constantly changing and this results in the fact that there will always be unexplored areas that needs to be defined and developed to be able to handle the changes in the future. Considering the fact that urban mining is such an unexplored field, there is a need of creating a process to define the segment in order to develop product/services within it. The outcome of this thesis is therefore recommendations for how a generic design process can be tailored and implemented for innovation development in undefined areas. The result is reached through investigating a development project, which focuses in the research area urban mining, as a case study and also by studying design processes in theory. The investigation is conducted with an explorative approach by observing the field and sub-fields of urban mining. This thesis shows that drivers and trends for urban mining exist, and that there is a future need to capitalize this market. The result also shows that the most important characteristics of the design process when designing for the unknown, is the fact that defining the research area requires even more effort when dealing with an initially unknown field, compared with known research areas.Jordens resurser är begränsade; med den hastighet som mänskligheten använder jordens resurser idag, skulle vi behöva 1,5 gånger jordens återhämtningsförmåga för att kompensera för det vi använder. Råmaterial har sedan länge brutits från berggrunden, vilket påverkar jorden på ett negativt sätt. Om vi istället skulle kunna använda material och produkter som cirkulerar i vårt samhälle, men inte används och därmed betraktas som avfall, skulle traditionell materialutvinning kunna ersättas med urban mining. Tänk vad som skulle hända om jordens resurser i framtiden begränsas genom lagar och regler; materialutvinning som det är känt idag inte skulle tillåtas och det då skulle finnas ett behov att samla resurser på ett annat sätt, ett idag okänt sätt. Världen förändras ständigt vilket resulterar i det faktum att det alltid kommer att finnas outforskade områden som måste definieras och utvecklas för att kunna hantera dessa förändringar i framtiden. Urban mining är ett sådant outforskat område och därför finns det ett behov av att skapa en process för att definiera segmentet och på så vis kunna utveckla produkter och tjänster inom området. Resultatet av denna uppsats är därför rekommendationer för hur en allmän design process kan skräddarsys och implementeras för innovativ utveckling i odefinierade områden. Resultatet uppnås genom att analysera ett utvecklingsprojekt, som fokuserar på forskningsområdet urban mining, som en fallstudie, samt att studera designprocesser i teorin. Undersökningen genomförs med ett explorativt tillvägagångssätt genom att utföra observationer inom ämnet urban mining. Arbetet visar att drivfaktorer och trender för urban mining existerar och att det finns ett framtida behov att utforska och dra fördel av denna marknad. Resultatet visar också att de viktigaste egenskaperna hos design processen vid utveckling inom okända områden är det faktum att forskningsområdet kräver ännu större fokus på att definiera området, jämfört med kända forskningsområden.
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John, Matthew P. "Metaheuristics for designing efficient routes & schedules for urban transportation networks." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/99851/.
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This thesis tackles the Urban Transit Network Design Problem (UTNDP) which involves determining an efficient set of routes and schedules for public transit networks. The UTNDP can be divided into five subproblems as identified by Ceder and Wilson [24]: i) network design, ii) frequency setting, iii) timetable development, iv) bus scheduling, and v) driver scheduling, with each problem requiring the output of the previous. In this thesis we focus on the first two stages, network design and frequency setting. We identify that evaluation is a major bottleneck for the network design problem and propose alternative approaches with the aim of decreasing the computation time. A multi-objective evolutionary algorithm (MOEA) for the network design problem is then presented that trades-off the passenger and operator costs. A passenger wishes to travel from their origin to destination in the shortest possible time, whereas the network operator must provide an adequate level of service whilst balancing the operational costs i.e. number of drivers and vehicles. The proposed MOEA combines a heuristically seeded population, using a novel construction algorithm, with several genetic operators to produce improved results compared with the state of the art from the literature. We provide an evaluation of the effectiveness of the genetic operators showing that improved performance, in terms of the number of dominating and nondominating solutions, is achieved as the size of the problem instance increases. Four surrogate models are proposed and an empirical evaluation is performed to assess the solution quality versus run trade-off in each case. It is found that surrogate models perform well on large problem instances producing improved Pareto sets compared with the original algorithm due to the increased amount of evolution that is allowed to occur under fixed time limits. Finally we empirically evaluate three multi-objective approaches for the frequency setting problem utilising the route networks produced during our network design procedure. It is shown that a MOEA based on the NSGAII framework provides the best quality solutions due to the cost of evaluation when using a neighbourhood based approach such as multi-objective tabu search. Constraints on vehicle capacity and fleet size are then introduced. It is shown that such constraints vastly reduce the number of solutions from network design that can successfully undergo frequency setting. A discussion is then presented highlighting the limitations of conducting network design and frequency setting separately along with alternative approaches that could be used in the future. We conclude this thesis by summarising our findings and presenting topics for future works.
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Ekström, Joakim. "Designing urban road congestion charging systems : models and heuristic solution approaches /." Norrköping : Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-15747.
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Loh, Nolan. "Buildings as urban climate infrastructure: A framework for designing building forms and facades that mitigate urban heat." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1553513750865168.
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Bal, Ufuk Serim Erkal. "Utilization of Urban Design Principles In Designing The Urban Space Case Studies On The Netherlands And Turkey/." [s.l.]: [s.n.], 2007. http://library.iyte.edu.tr/tezler/master/sehirplanlama/T000602.pdf.
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Stone, Ben (Ben Joshua). "Designing a moment in time : First Night and Boston's public spaces." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44344.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2008.Includes bibliographical references.
From the international Olympic Games to small-scale neighborhood street festivals, ephemeral events produce profound effects on the image of their host cities; in turn, these cities' images influence the character of the ephemeral events produced within the public realm. Boston's annual New Year's Eve celebration, First Night Boston, is among a small group of ephemeral events that significantly contribute to the image of the city. This thesis contains an analysis of the successes, failures, and challenges faced by First Night Boston over the past three decades. Through an analysis of First Night's financial records, event siting, attendance, programming, and in-depth qualitative interviews with key informants, I examine the growth of First Night Boston from a grassroots New Year's Eve celebration on and around Boston Common to one of the largest New Year's Eve events in the world, and the subsequent scaling back of the celebration after the millennium. I trace how First Night's constituency and mission has changed throughout this process, specifically focusing on how changes in funders' priorities and shifting interpretations of First Night's four pillars have caused First Night's programming to become dominated by community arts groups and youth artists rather than professional artists and performers. I frame this discussion by profiling other cities' First Night celebrations and several of Boston's other ephemeral events.
(cont) My appraisal of First Night's strengths and shortcomings equips me to examine the challenges and opportunities facing the celebration as it grapples with an expected expansion towards the Boston Harbor waterfront. I provide recommendations regarding how such an expansion can be designed to maximize the quality of the celebration. Specifically, First Night should take advantage of the new Rose Kennedy Greenway, use outdoor programming to control attendees' movement throughout the celebration and to draw them towards indoor venues, engage the local cultural institutions and artist community in programming and planning for the expansion of First Night. I argue that First Night's organizers should reframe the upcoming expansion as an exercise in urban planning and design in which the network of indoor and outdoor venues and interstitial spaces are considered holistically, rather than considering events individually.
by Ben Stone.
M.C.P.
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Woods, Elizabeth (Elizabeth Seavey). "Designing an integrated waterfront : responsive redevelopment at the Philadelphia Navy Yard." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73851.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-99).
Over the past half-century, the physical form and primary purpose of the American urban waterfront has profoundly changed. Due to the combined forces of de-industrialization, globalization, and military restructuring, urban waterfronts have transformed from industrial and manufacturing employment centers to tourist destinations, passive recreation areas, and luxury residential and corporate office districts. The wave of redevelopment efforts has resulted in a general sameness, both in physical design and economic function, across all urban waterfronts. The possibility of an integrated waterfront, in which traditional industrial and manufacturing uses intermingle with spaces for new non-industrial capital investment and public recreation and waterfront access, is the focus of this research. Using the Philadelphia Navy Yard as its primary case study, this research explores the spatial dimensions of contemporary waterfront planning in a changing economic landscape. The research attempts to answer the following questions: Can a city effectively integrate industrial use, new capital investment, and public open space on its waterfront through specific regulations and site design? Does this form of waterfront redevelopment present a viable and meaningful alternative to the standard development models of the past? Through an in depth study of the Navy Yard's economic development policies and design principles, this thesis argues that such goals are difficult to achieve in the American planning and design process, which prioritizes capital investment over other waterfront functions. Nonetheless, the attempt at integration proves that it is possible to diversify our understanding of the contemporary waterfront and its place in urban development.
by Elizabeth Woods.
M.C.P.
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Lave, Rebecca A. (Rebecca Anne). "Designing change--transforming cultural attitudes towards the natural environment through design." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68329.
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Hällgren, Nina. "Designing with Urban Sound : Exploring methods for qualitative sound analysis of the built environment." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Arkitektur, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-240078.
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The licentiate thesis Designing with Urban Sound explores the constitution and qualitative characteristics of urban sonic space from a design-oriented and practice-based perspective. The act of lifting forth and illuminating the interaction between architecture, the creation of sound and a sonic experience aims to examine and develop useful tools and methods for the representation, communication and analysis of the exterior sonic environment in complex architectural spaces. The objective is to generate theoretical and practical knowledge within the field of urban sound planning and design by showing examples of different and complementary ways of communicating and analyzing sound than those which are commonly recognized.Licentiatavhandlingen Designa med stadens ljud undersöker det urbana ljudrummets konstitution och kvalitativa egenskaper utifrån ett designorienterat och praktiknära perspektiv. Avsikten med arbetet är att utveckla verktyg och metoder för representation, kommunikation och analys av stadens exteriöra ljudmiljö genom att synliggöra interaktionen mellan arkitektur, ljudbildning och upplevelse. Genom att visa exempel på andra sätt att kommunicera och analysera ljud i staden än dagens vedertagna metoder, är syftet är att bidra till kunskapsutvecklingen inom fältet för urban ljudplanering- och design.
QC 20181211
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Gravenstein, Gretchen. "Resilience in urban civic spaces: guidelines for designing resilient social-ecological systems." Kansas State University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/17642.
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Master of Landscape ArchitectureDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Blake Belanger
Resilience in social-ecological systems, defined by ecologist C.S. Holling (1973), is the persistence of systems after a disturbance. This theory of resilience is becoming increasingly important, especially in urban areas where human systems dominate. Therefore, creating resilient social-ecological systems is emerging as a focus for many landscape architects when designing urban landscapes. Researchers and practitioners have created frameworks and strategies for applying resilience theory, but designers are still lacking tangible methods they can use to implement design strategies to create resilient landscapes. This research presents a set of resilient design strategies, so landscape architects can have a tool to design generally resilient social-ecological systems in urban areas. In order to discover strategies which improve system resilience, I conducted a literature review and created a perceptual model of the social-ecological systems operating in the study site, Washington Square Park in Kansas City, Missouri. The perceptual model determined systems and system components I focused on in this research. These systems are soil, water, vegetation, fauna, and people. Strategies suggested by Jack Ahern (2011), Brian Walker and David Salt (2006), and Kevin Cunningham (2013) for creating resilience determined strategies which were applied to the system components in order to evaluate the park for resilience. The strategies suggested are modularity, redundancy, tight feedbacks, and ecosystem services. In addition, the system components and strategies were used to analyze case studies. I used strategies discovered in the case study analyses along with goals for the redesign of Washington Square Park, discovered by analyzing the site and previous park documents, to create the guidelines. I then used the guidelines to create a design proposal for the park. The current state of the system components in the park and the proposed state from the redesign were used to show the guidelines’ success in increasing the general resilience of Washington Square Park. These guidelines have potential to increase resilience in other urban civic spaces through a similar methodology I used for Washington Square Park. In addition, the guidelines have the potential to further research in applying resilience theory to the design of landscapes.
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Embry, Margaret. "Designing Community: The Application of New Urban Principles to Create Authentic Communities." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003254.
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Om, Chimi. "Designing interactive technologies to enhance nature engagement for children in urban Bhutan." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2022. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/231051/1/Chimi_Om_Thesis.pdf.
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This study is an exploratory study to understand what kinds of interactive technologies can enhance nature engagement for children in urban Bhutan. The study undertook online and distributed methods of qualitative study during the time of the Covid-19 pandemic. The thesis suggests technology design opportunities that can enhance children’s engagement with nature. It also contributes to knowledge by bringing forth challenges and benefits of conducting distributed research with children.
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Marcus, Beth Elyce. "Resale restrictions : designing an alternative pricing mechanism for below-market homeownership programs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/75975.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1986.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH
Bibliography: leaves 87-88.
by Beth Elyce Marcus.
M.C.P.
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Galán, Nieto Sergio Manuel. "Designing technologies for unproductive citizens." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21635.
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This is a project to design digital technologies to promote uses of public spaces challenging the social religion of productivism + consumerism. Instead I celebrate participative leisure, free time, political involvement and social relationships. Digital artefacts for what I'm calling the "unproductive city". The goal is to incorporate a different set of values where the “paid work” is not as relevant in our life as it is today.The project is focused on life in cities and works with the integration of computing technologies into everyday urban settings and lifestyles. What it is called “urban informatics”.Participative processes as well as user center design have guided the design. It comprehends different services and activities: A collaborative urban jukebox, exercises with locative media, participative design as a leisure activity, technological infrastructures for meetings and game design for public spacesThese activities are examples and explorations to find future challenges and different ways to design technologies for the unproductive city.
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Mandhan, Sneha. "Designing Indian streets as social public spaces : contextual design and planning in Bangalore." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90209.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 208-213).
Streets in India have traditionally been the public spaces around which social life has revolved. They constitute the urban public realm where people congregate, celebrate and interact. The hypothesis that forms the basis of this thesis is that there is a need to understand and design these urban streets as living corridors through which one perceives and understands the city, and the places where one has daily social encounters. Using Bangalore as a case study, this thesis analyzes spatial and social forces that shape street experience and culture at the scale of the city, the locality, and the street itself. By performing a reconnaissance study and an analysis of the street patterns in fifteen localities within the city, along with a detailed spatial analysis and interpretation of four different types of streets, I shed new light on the social life of different types of streets, and suggest ways in which the stimuli for these social lives can be understood and used to formulate design guidelines for streets in Indian cities that are currently undergoing similar transitions in their development. Through this process, l propose a method to identify urban typologies that relate to the physical and social conditions that occupy the city, along with a set of criteria that can be used to assess, plan and design streets that are more contextual in nature.
by Sneha Mandhan.
M.C.P.
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Brown, Aaron Thomas Ryan. "Freshwater Wetland Creation in a Changing Urban Environment: Designing for Long-Term Viability." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6807.
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Urbanization and wetland mitigation are increasingly common in coastal watersheds with expanding populations. These mitigation wetlands are intended to offset the functional and structural losses experienced when natural systems are degraded or destroyed. In the Tampa Bay watershed, urbanization is both expanding into the upper reaches of the watershed and intensifying in previously-developed areas, resulting in the creations of hundreds of freshwater mitigation wetlands. This dissertation utilized an existing database of mitigation wetlands, publicly available data, and field surveys to investigate the relationship between constructed wetlands and their surroundings and also determine how design affects wetland condition over time. The overarching goals of this dissertation were to evaluate the geospatial distribution and areal extent of constructed freshwater mitigation wetlands in Hillsborough County and determine how they influence the landscape; evaluate design variables and environmental factors influencing constructed wetland trajectories; and determine how future changes to the landscape will likely affect constructed wetland systems.
The goals of Chapter 2 were to evaluate the relationship between mitigation wetland construction and total freshwater wetland area; determine if forested and non-forested wetlands are being impacted/mitigated at similar rates; determine if wetland mitigation is offsetting impacts from increased urbanization at the landscape scale. This study concluded that since 1985, permitted impacts of non-forested wetlands have occurred at a significantly greater annual rate than forested systems, despite their smaller regional footprint. Interestingly, this increased impact frequency, combined with mitigation ratios greater than 1:1 (mitigation to impact area), have helped decrease proportional difference in area between forested and non-forested wetlands in the region. Over the period of the study, mean LDI scores for drainage basins across watershed have increased, with those containing mitigation projects significantly increasing compared to those without. Changes in drainage basin LDI were significantly correlated to the number of mitigation projects per basin, total impact area, and total mitigation area. Upward shifts in drainage basin LDI categories have been documented in 25 of Hillsborough County’s 184 basins, however no significant connection to permittee-responsible freshwater wetlands was established. These results imply that current mitigation practices are failing to ameliorate increasing development intensity at the landscape scale.
The goals of Chapter 3 were to determine the current condition of created freshwater mitigation wetlands in Hillsborough County, Florida; determine if forested and non-forested wetlands maintain similar trajectories after release; and evaluate how design and changes in the landscape influence created wetland condition over time. Original wetland engineering plans and historical data were used to establish baseline conditions at the time of wetland “release” and track wetland changes over time. A chronosequence approach was utilized to determine wetland trajectories and analyze potential differences between forested and non-forested systems. This study found that surveyed freshwater wetlands had decreased in size from their intended area by a total of approximately 18%, but due to increased mitigation ratios, were likely still producing a net gain in total wetland area and meeting the goals of “no net loss”. On average, wetland condition (as determined by WRAP scores) decreased by 9% from the time of release to the time of survey. Few differences were observed between wetland types with the exception of canopy richness and wetland trajectory, although correlations between wetland condition and time were non-significant. From the regression optimization analyses, it appeared that wetland location (as measured in the design WRAP score) was one of the most important factors contributing to surveyed wetland condition.
In Chapter 4, future land use data was used to determine predicted anthropogenic pressure on these urban wetland systems and evaluate changes to the overall landscape. GIS based analyses on landscape development intensity (LDI) determined that significant changes are not expected at the landscape scale by the year 2025, however drainage basins that possess mitigation wetlands are anticipated to increase in development intensity. Predicted LDI scores for constructed freshwater wetlands is predicted to increase significantly, which could have detrimental impacts on wetland condition.
This dissertation highlights the significance of wetland design and location on wetland condition. From this research, it is apparent that consideration of site placement is the most important design variable for small (3 hectares or less) freshwater wetlands; and that understanding of future conditions may promote long-term success. Long-term studies such as this are valuable tools for understanding how specific ecosystems respond to changing landscapes and should be used to help shape policies that reflect these ecological advancements. Understanding the past and preparing for the future is the only way to foster restoration success.
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Zhang, X. "Designing a geographic visual information system (GVIS) to support participation in urban planning." Thesis, University of Salford, 2004. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2178/.
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The growth of the international movement to involve the public in urban planning urges us to find new ways to achieve this. Recent studies have identified information communication technologies (ICT) as a mechanism to support such movement. It has been postulated that integrating geographic information system (GIS), virtual reality (VR) and Internet technologies will facilitate greater participation in planning activity and therefore strengthen and democratise the process. This is a growing area of research. There is, however, concern that a lack of a theoretical basis for these studies might undermine their success and hamper the widespread adoption of GIS-VR combination (GVIS). This thesis presents a theoretical framework based on the Learning System Theory (LST). ICT technologies are then assessed according to the framework. In the light of the assessmenta, prototype has been designed and developed based on a local urban regeneration project in Salford, UK. The prototype is then evaluated through two phases, namely formative evaluation and summative evaluation, to test the feasibility of the framework. The formative evaluation was focused on evaluating the functionality of the prototype system. In this case, evaluators were experts in IT or urban planning. The summative evaluation focused on testing the value of the prototype for different stakeholder groups of the urban regeneration project from local residents to planning officers. The findings from this research indicated that better visualization could help people in understanding planning issues and communicate their visions to others. The interactivity functions could further support interaction among users and the analysis of information. Moreover, the results indicated that the learning system theory could be used as a framework in looking at how GVIS could be developed in order to support public participation in urban planning.
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Weber, Jessika. "Designing engaging experiences with location-based augmented reality games for urban tourism environments." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2017. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/27176/.
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Gameplay has recently unfolded as playfulness in various cultural forms using mobile technologies. The rapid affordability paired with the latest technology improvements enabled the diffusion of mobile devices among tourists, who are among the most avid users of mobile technologies. The advent of mobile devices has initiated a significant change in the way we perceive and connect with our environment and paved the way for location-based, mobile augmented reality (AR) games that provide new forms of experiences for travel and tourism. With the recent developments like Pokémon Go and a prediction of 420 million downloads per year by 2019, the mobile game market is one of the fastest growing fields in the sector. Location-based AR games for mobile devices make use of players‟ physical location via the GPS sensor, accelerometer and compass to project virtual 2D and 3D objects with the build-in camera in real time onto the mobile game user interface (GUI) in order to facilitate gameplay activities. Players interact with the virtual and physical game world and overcome artificial challenges while moving around in the real environment. Where current mobile games withdraw players from reality, location-based AR games aim to engage players with the physical world by combining virtual and physical game mechanics in an enhanced way that increases the level of interactive educative and entertaining engagement. Despite some recent research on location-based AR games, game designers do not know much about how to address tourism requirements and the development of mediated playful experiences for urban tourism environments. This study explores the use of location-based AR games to create engaging and meaningful experiences with the tourism urban environment by combining interdisciplinary research of social sciences, (mobile) game design and mobile game user research (mGUR) to contribute to experience design in the context of travel and tourism. Objectives of the study are to identify the influence of key game elements and contextual gameplay parameters on the individual game experience (GX). To achieve the aim, the study has taken a pragmatic interpretivist approach to understand the player‟s individual GX in an evolving gameplay process in order to inform location-based game design. The project explores the interaction between the player, the game and the tourism context, which is assessed by a sequential triangulation of qualitative mixed methods. Two games were identified to be relevant for the tourism application that fulfilled the attributes of a location-based AR game. The first game is a role-playing adventure game, set in the time and place of the Cold War, called Berlin Wall 1989. The second game, Ingress, is a fictive, large area, massively multiplayer role-playing game that uses the real world as the battleground between two game fractions. A conceptual framework has been developed that presents the player engagement process with location-based AR games in urban tourism environments. The findings of the study indicate that gameplay is a moment-by-moment experience that is influenced by multiple aspects. The creation of engaging experiences between players, the game and the tourism context is related to six identified engagement characteristics; emotional engagement, ludic engagement, narrative engagement, spatial engagement, social engagement and mixed reality engagement. The study identified that the main motivations of playing a location-based AR game are the exploration of and learning about the visited destination, curiosity about the new playful activity and socialising with other players. Emotions underlie the creation of engagement stimulated by the alteration of playful interactions. The findings revealed that storytelling and simple game mechanics such as walking, feedback and goal orientation are essential elements in the creation of engaging experiences. Augmented reality, as a feature to connect the real with the virtual world, needs to create real added value for the gameplay in order to be perceived as engaging for players. The study proposes serious location-based AR games as an alternative form for tourism interpretation and has showed opportunities to enhance the tourist experience through self-directed, physical and mental interaction between players, the environment and the location-based AR game. The findings of the research illustrate the complexity of designing location-based game experiences. The developed conceptual framework can be used to inform future location-based AR game design for travel and tourism.
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Danko, Micaela R. "Designing Affordable Housing for Adaptability: Principles, Practices, & Application." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/35.
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While environmental and economic sustainability have been driving factors in the movement towards a more resilient built environment, social sustainability is a factor that has received significantly less attention over the years. Federal support for low-income housing has fallen drastically, and the deficit of available, adequate, affordable homes continues to grow. In this thesis, I explore one way that architects can design affordable housing that is intrinsically sustainable. In the past, subsidized low-income housing has been built as if to provide a short-term solution—as if poverty and lack of affordable housing is a short-term problem. However, I argue that adaptable architecture is essential for the design of affordable housing that is environmentally, economically, and socially sustainable. Further, architects must balance affordability, durability, and adaptability to design sustainable solutions that are resistant to obsolescence. I conclude by applying principles and processes of adaptability in the design of Apto Ontario, an adaptable affordable housing development in the low-income historic downtown of Ontario, California (Greater Los Angeles). Along a new Bus Rapid Transit corridor, Apto Ontario would create a diverse, resilient, socially sustainable community in an area threatened by the rise of housing costs.
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Taylor, Louise H. "Time in the Landscape: Designing for Perpetuity." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/9974.
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Landscape is dynamic. All the elements in the landscape are in a continual process of change. There is growth, expansion, weathering, disintegration, decay and renewal. Change is the very substance of things and it is through these changes that we register the passage of time. This thesis explores the concept of material duration and its application to landscape design. Duration is a complex measure of time. This thesis adapts a definition of duration developed in the field of finance to explore time in the design of an urban cemetery.
The design embodies the concept of a cemetery with a "constant duration". This lasting quality of constant duration is a persistence that retains at its core the essence of the landscape while embracing the unavoidable and indispensable material changes. To design with constant duration is to analyze and chart a design as a journey through time.Master of Landscape Architecture
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Zuniga-Teran, Adriana A., Barron J. Orr, Randy H. Gimblett, Nader V. Chalfoun, Scott B. Going, David P. Guertin, and Stuart E. Marsh. "Designing healthy communities: A walkability analysis of LEED-ND." ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622730.
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Prevailing city design in many countries has created sedentary societies that depend on automobile use. Consequently, architects, urban designers, and land planners have developed new urban design theories, which have been incorporated into the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for Neighborhood Development (LEED-ND) certification system. The LEED-ND includes design elements that improve human well-being by facilitating walking and biking, a concept known as walkability. Despite these positive developments, relevant research findings from other fields of study have not been fully integrated into the LEED-ND. According to Zuniga-Teran (2015), relevant walkability research findings from multiple disciplines were organized into a walkability framework (WF) that organizes design elements related to physical activity into nine categories, namely, connectivity, land use, density, traffic safety, surveillance, parking, experience, greenspace, and community. In this study, we analyze walkability in the LEED-ND through the lens of the nine WF categories. Through quantitative and qualitative analyses, we identify gaps and strengths in the LEED-ND and propose potential enhancements to this certification system that reflects what is known about enhancing walkability more comprehensively through neighborhood design analysis. This work seeks to facilitate the translation of research into practice, which can ultimately lead to more active and healthier societies. (C) 2016 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.