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Kuhns, Michael. "Urban/Community Forestry in the Intermountain West." Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 24, no. 5 (September 1, 1998): 280–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1998.034.
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This paper summarizes the people/population factors, site factors, and program factors influencing urban and community forestry (U&CF) in the Intermountain West, including information gathered through a limited survey of U&CF experts in the region. The major factors that emerged include a relatively low population living in cities and towns scattered over a large area, major population growth now and in the future, lack of native trees in the valleys where most people live, harsh conditions for growing trees, poorly funded and staffed U&CF programs, and lack of community and citizen awareness and knowledge, particularly regarding tree selection and landscape design and care. An improving future is predicted for U&CF in the region, based on population growth and demographic change, increasing citizen interest and awareness, enhanced funding and staffing of U&CF programs, and the availability of better-trained arborists.
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Alhefnawi, Mohammed A. M. "Integrating the biophilia physiognomies in the context of Neom smart city in Saudi Arabia." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Administratio Locorum 21, no. 2 (May 18, 2022): 159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/aspal.7064.
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Motives: As the number of research studies of people in urban areas grows in terms of the criteria impacting the health and effectiveness of individuals, the detrimental effects caused by living apart from natural elements become more visible. There is inadequate data for a program that integrates both biophilic design and smart cities tactics. Smart city concerned about energy and resource utilization and utilize digital technologies to adjust resource consumption. It seldom discusses environmental sustainability. However, the biophilic design seeks to provide people with better life quality through a functional interconnection with nature. Digital expertise may prompt biophilic retorts via simulated methods. Aim: The study reconnoiters the significance of the biophilic ideologies to the city’s development. It integrates biophilic urban design in Neom city to overcome gaps in ecosystems’ health associated with traditional urban design. Result: The study proposes integrating biophilic elements at small and large scales. It explains each element within proposed projects and examples of Neom city’s design schemes to incubate these elements.
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Empson, L. Abrahamyan. "Conceiving and evaluating novel therapeutic strategies with patients and peer practitioners: The case of urban remediation program." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1365.
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IntroductionWhile extensive recent data details risk factors for psychoses in urban milieu, insights regarding recovery processes in cities are scarce. This hampers the translation of promising epidemiological and neuroimagery findings into effective therapeutic strategies. Given the twofold higher incidence of psychoses in cities and the fact that 68% of world population will be urban by 2050, it becomes an urgent matter of psychiatric care.ObjectivesThis presentation details specific targets for therapeutic interventions in city context to further discuss a pioneering participatory project with the aim to conceive a novel city specific recovery-oriented program.MethodsBased on most recent research data, some of which our own, a comprehensive survey of urbanicity studies and an overview of main avenues for developments will be presented.ResultsUrban milieu is a complex dwelling space made of protective and disruptive features. During each life course they may form unique combinations hampering or enhancing psychological well-being. Urban living is not only correlated with higher prevalence of psychoses, but also with better access to health care and lower rates of treatment resistant schizophrenia, pointing to some beneficial aspects of city living on recovery processes. The interplay between personal characteristics, urban resources and supportive social environments seems pivotal to recovery calling for multilevel interventions (CBT interventions, peer-support, go-alongs, resocialization) and integration of different stakeholders (patients, peer-practitioners, community actors).ConclusionsParticipatory approach (design thinking, urban lab etc.) represents an important means of innovation and ensures the best match between patients needs and therapeutic propositions.
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Kamalipour, Hesam, and Nastaran Peimani. "Towards an Informal Turn in the Built Environment Education: Informality and Urban Design Pedagogy." Sustainability 11, no. 15 (August 1, 2019): 4163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11154163.
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Informal urbanism, ranging from informal settlements to trading and transport, has become integral, but not limited, to the ways in which cities of the global South work. At stake here is the role of the built environment professions in responding to informal urbanism where a poor understanding of the complexities of informality can lead to poor design interventions. Providing a better understanding of how forms of informality work is then a key task for the built environment education, which arguably falls short in this regard. With a particular focus on urban design, we suggest that it is critical to move towards an informal turn in the built environment education to address informality and engage with the dynamics of informal urbanism. We first investigate the scope of urban design and then explore the ways in which urban design education can respond to informal urbanism in its curricula by developing an urban design program on informality as an illustration. The suggested approach can be considered as an initial step towards an informal turn in urban design education. We conclude that while urban design alone cannot solve social and economic problems, including poverty and inequality, its capacity to address the complex challenges of urbanization cannot be overlooked. Urban design education cannot remain isolated from the questions of informality anymore.
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Yürekli, Ipek. "Ethics and Conscience: An Integral Part of Architectural Design Education." Open House International 40, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2015-b0012.
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The concepts of ethics and conscience are integral elements of architectural design education. Conscience as a guide to the ethical behavior is seen as one of the instincts which helped people to build societies, communities and cities. This attribute makes conscience and ethics essential for architecture. The process of becoming an architect through its extraordinary architectural studio experience, gives us the chance to develop hope for a better world, by creating new solutions. The discussion of architectural programs focusing on the conception of future, choices stressing values, dualities coping with ambiguity and dilemmas leading to ethics are suggested themes. Through the integration of these themes into our studio discussions, the concepts of ethics and conscience can become an integral part of design education.
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Muñoz-Raskin, Ramon, Manuel Urquidi Zijderveld, and Alexandre Bagolle. "Modernization of Urban Public Transport." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2512, no. 1 (January 2015): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2512-04.
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Over the past decades, many urban public transport modernization programs have been implemented in numerous cities in developing countries. One of the programs' main challenges has been to manage social aspects of a workforce that is characterized by high informality and vulnerability. Despite the importance of the challenge, there is little documented knowledge about these labor transformation processes; the literature has focused mainly on technical, institutional, organizational, and regulatory changes. This research contributes to closing the knowledge gap on this key aspect of the modernization of urban public transport. International experiences of labor transformation, within the urban public transport sector as well as in other sectors of activity, were analyzed. By identifying successful policies, lessons learned, and best practices transferable to urban public transport programs, one can provide decision makers with better tools to inform and improve the design and implementation of labor insertion and training components. These tools can reduce both the costs and social risks of projects. The results of this work suggest adoption of an integral approach that considers both active and passive labor market policies. Programs should include training for new skills, both to reinsert workers in the new modernized system and to send workers to available jobs in other sectors. This process requires in-depth information on the current and desired skills of the workers involved to define the training requirements needed to cover the capacity gap. Projects should also be linked to existing training institutions in order to increase efficiency through access to complementary technical and financial resources.
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De Tuya, Manuel, Meghan Cook, Megan K. Sutherland, and Luis Felipe Luna-Reyes. "Information requirements to create public value: sharing and opening data to address urban blight." Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy 11, no. 1 (March 20, 2017): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tg-12-2015-0054.
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Purpose Blighted and vacant properties represent a persistent and costly problem for cities and local governments throughout the USA. The purpose of this paper is to identify data needs and requirements for value creation in the context of urban blight. The main assumption is that sharing and opening data through a robust and effective code enforcement program will facilitate more informed management, mitigation and remediation of blighted and vacant properties. Code enforcement programs must be grounded on organizational and technical infrastructures that enable data sharing and value creation for the city and the communities that share its space. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the information needs and realities of a city’s code enforcement environment are described, based on data gathered through a series of workshops and focus groups with a range of stakeholders, which included city government departments, police, fire, bank representatives, realtors and community groups. Findings The analysis reveals key data elements that could potentially help to build a code enforcement program to better manage the cycles and costs of urban blight. Although some of these data elements already exist, and are public, they are not easily accessible to key stakeholders. The paper ends with sets of short-term and long-term recommendations for establishing an information-sharing infrastructure, which would serve as the main conduit for exchanging code enforcement data among a number of city government departments and the public that may play a role in managing urban blight and its consequences. Originality/value In this paper, the authors are connecting extant literature on sharing and opening data with literature on the creation of public value. They argue that sharing and opening government data constitute effective ways of managing the costs and cycles of urban blight while creating value. As a result of an initial assessment of data and information requirements, the authors also point to specific data and its potential value from stakeholder perspective.
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Liu, Xiaolong, Dafang Fu, Chris Zevenbergen, Tim Busker, and Meixiu Yu. "Assessing Sponge Cities Performance at City Scale Using Remotely Sensed LULC Changes: Case Study Nanjing." Remote Sensing 13, no. 4 (February 6, 2021): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13040580.
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As a result of high-density urbanization and climate change, both the frequency and intensity of extreme urban rainfall are increasing. Drainage systems are not designed to cope with this increase, and as a result, floods are becoming more common in cities, particularly in the rapidly growing cities of China. To better cope with more frequent and severe urban flooding and to improve the water quality of stormwater runoff, the Chinese government launched the national Sponge City Construction (SCC) program in 2014. The current SCC design standards and guidelines are based on static values (e.g., return periods, rainfall intensities, and volume capture ratio (VCR)). They do not fully acknowledge the large differences in climate conditions across the country and assume that the hydraulic conditions will not change over time. This stationary approach stems from the traditional engineering approach designed for grey infrastructure (following a “one size fits all” approach). The purpose of this study was to develop a methodology to assess the VCR baseline (before construction in the pre-development stage) and changes in VCR (difference between the VCR of the pre- and post-development stage). The VCR of the post-development stage is one of the required indicators of the Assessment Standard for Sponge Cities Effects to evaluate SCC projects. In this study, the VCR was derived from remote-sensing-based land use land cover (LULC) change analysis, applying an unsupervised classification algorithm on different Landsat images from 1985 to 2015. A visualization method (based upon Sankey chart, which depicts the flows and their proportions of components) and a novel and practical partitioning method for built-up regions were developed to visualize and quantify the states and change flows of LULC. On the basis of these findings, we proposed a new indicator, referred to as VCRa-L, in order to assess the changes in urban hydrology after SCC construction. This study employed the city of Nanjing as a case study and analyzed detailed information on how LULC changes over time of built-up areas. The surface area of the urban and built-up areas of Nanjing quadrupled from 11% in 1985 to 44% in 2015. In the same period, neither the entire city nor its subregions reached the VCR target of 80%. The proposed new methodology aims to support national, regional, and city governments to identify and prioritize where to invest and implement SCC measures more effectively in cities across China.
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Mohyla, Ihor, and Artem Bezuhlyy. "STANDARDIZATION OF REQUIREMENTS FOR PLANNING AND DESIGNING OF CYCLING INFRASTRUCTURE." Avtoshliakhovyk Ukrayiny, no. 2 (258) ’ 2019 (June 27, 2019): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33868/0365-8392-2019-2-258-37-45.
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Cycle movement and cycle infrastructure as inherent part of modern city are growing intensively in Ukraine. There are adopted National Transport Strategy on the state level to promote and develop cycle movement. On local level for the same reason more than 15 Ukrainian cities have their own programs or strategies. But based on research results, there is considerable latent demand on cycle movement, which cannot be expressed because of lack of cycling infrastructure, its fragmentation or low design quality. In this article basic requirements and principles of planning and design of cycle infrastructure, particularly for cities with progressing cycle movement, are analyzed. There is also shown that requirements of valid state documents and updated building norms provide presence of cycling infrastructure, but these requirements are not enough for high level of its quality. All outlined is a reason for developing and implementation of new state standard DSTU xxxx:20xx “Planning and designing of cycling infrastructure”, project of which has been developed based on better practices of countries with well-grown cycle movement. It has requirements for planning of cycle network, designing of cycle infrastructure on urban streets and roads (included different street types, narrowed sites, public transport stops, yield, signalized and roundabout intersections), highways and rural roads, requirements for fencing poles, restraining bicycle fences, bicycle racks and parking and constructive requirement for pavement. Project of standard contains also more than 40 schemes to help designers and other stakeholders to work with this standard by visualization of its requirements. Usage of DSTU xxxx:20xx “Planning and designing of cycling infrastructure” during designing of urban streets, highways, rural roadsand spatial development in general will promote development of cycle movement, rising of road safety level, decreasing of traffic volume and negative influence of motorized transport (especially in cities) on environment. Keywords: cycling movement, cycling infrastructure, state building guidelines.
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Cheirchanteri, Georgia. "Architectural Wayfinding Design as a Means of Communication in Environmental Perception." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1203, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 032003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1203/3/032003.
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Abstract From prehistoric times, Signage was a means of visual communication helping people reaching out different environments (internal or external). Long before paper’s invention, humans made marks on objects, such as cave walls, in the surrounding environment, for their communication. As cities grew and mobility increased, making the built environment more complex, people requirements for better information concerning spatial perception and navigation, also grew. Thus, the necessity of proactive, systematically planned, visual unified signage and wayfinding programs have been emerged. Wayfinding is how people get from one location to another, including their information-gathering and decision-making processes for orientation and movement through space. Wayfinding design builds on research in cognition and environmental psychology to design built spaces and products that facilitate the movement of people through urban settings and individual buildings. Despite its demonstrated importance to building use, costs, and safety, wayfinding receives less than its due in planning, research and building evaluation. The aim of this study is to provide a “clear” reading of the environmental space and city’s routes to the users, through architectural wayfindig design. Also, architectural wayfinding design addresses built components, including spatial planning, articulation of form-giving features, circulation systems and environmental communication.
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Brager, Jenna, Susan Breitenstein, Deborah Gross, and Hailey Miller. "Low-Income Parents’ Perceptions of and Engagement With a Digital Behavioral Training Program: Mixed Methods Study." Iproceedings 5, no. 1 (October 2, 2019): e15090. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15090.
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Background Parent training is a method for strengthening parenting skill, reducing child behavior problems, and promoting positive parent-child relationships. However, few parents have access to these evidence-based programs. The ezParent program, a tablet-based delivery adaptation of the group-based Chicago Parent Program (CPP), is a parent training program designed to address the needs of families raising young children in urban poverty. There is extensive evidence that positive parenting practices can be a powerful buffer against the negative effects of poverty and adversity and is one of the strongest predictors of children’s social and behavioral well-being. Objective This study aimed to explore (1) parents’ perceptions of the benefits and barriers associated with their use of the ezParent program; and (2) the ways in which the ezParent components and perceived usability varied by program use (module completion). Methods This study uses an explanatory mixed-method design. Data were collected from 92 participants recruited from two pediatric primary care clinics (PPC) based in two urban cities with a high proportion of low income and minority families: Chicago, Illinois (cohort 1) and Baltimore, Maryland (cohort 2). Cohort 1 (n=42) was recruited between October 2013 and June 2014 as part of a randomized controlled tirla. Cohort 2 (n=50) was recruited between May 2017 and July 2017 as part of a single group design. The current report focuses on a subsample from cohorts 1 and 2 who were interviewed about their experiences using the program. To explore parents’ perceptions of ezParent (ie, perceived usefulness of content, ease of use, barriers to use, qualities affecting interest, and intention), all participants were invited to participate in an individual interview after the 12th week. Based on degree of module completion, we grouped parents into two user groups: high (completed 4-6 modules) and low (completed 0-3 modules). This cut-off was chosen based on previous data showing that parents who attended at least 50% of the CPP group sessions reported greater improvements in parenting self-efficacy, use of discipline, and warmth towards their children, as well as fewer child behavior problems. Results Fifty-nine parents participated in follow-up interview: 32 (54.24%) from cohort 1 and 27 (45.76%) from cohort 2. Among those interviewed, 23 (38.9.5%) parents completed all six modules and 12 parents (20.3%) completed none of the modules. Specifically, among those interviewed, parents completed an average of 3.73 (SD 2.39) modules compared to an average of 1.79 (SD 2.38) modules completed among those not interviewed. Parents who completed more modules reported more program benefits and those who completed fewer modules reported more barriers. Conclusions Exploring users’ experience with current digital applications, researchers and application developers can better design future tablet-based interventions to be both effective and acceptable by end users. Furthering our understanding of factors associated with engagement will inform more effective tailoring and improvements of mHealth interventions, particularly those targeting vulnerable populations.
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Erfani, Hadi. "Influence of chemical residue on the environmental engineering." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH AND REVIEW 23 (December 30, 2020): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.52756/ijerr.2020.v23.004.
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This review summarizes waste management and there is a need for better understanding the scientific findings for recycling the waste materials and suggests areas where further research is needed. In major cities around the world, waste management today is based on a comprehensive, sustainable and environmentally sound system of maximization. From this perspective you are one of the most important issues in urban management. From this perspective you are one of the most important issues in urban management. Therefore, a number of cities around the world have succeeded in achieving an integrated and efficient management to achieve this goal by designing and implementing a variety of programs using state of the art technology separation of origin, collection, transportation and processing mechanisms. The main components of a modern waste management system generally include production, collection, separation, recycling and disposal. Separation, processing and recycling may occur at any stage of waste stream management. Design and implementation of a comprehensive sustainable waste management system require consideration of different waste characteristics in the region. Today’s humanity has been subjected to some form of consumerism. Lowering the quality standards for all types of goods and products, reducing, lowering some standards for quality control of goods, lacking serious quality control over products, increasing population, increasing consumer demand, diversifying goods, fashionable packaging, people’s desire to buy product. Stylish and thousands of said and untold indices result in consumerism and the consequence of producing millions of tons of different types of waste that are produced on a daily basis.
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Brager, Jenna, Susan Breitenstein, Chakra Budhathoki, and Deborah Gross. "Does Level of Engagement in a Digital Parent Training Program Impact Improvements in Parenting and Child Outcomes?" Iproceedings 5, no. 1 (October 2, 2019): e15104. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/15104.
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Background Approximately 8% to 10% of children younger than 5 years of age experience emotional, behavioral, and social relationship problems. These children are more likely to exhibit poor social interactions, problematic parent–child relationships, and school related setbacks, thus reinforcing the need for early interventions such as parent training programs. The ezParent program is a tablet-based delivery adaptation of the group-based Chicago Parent Program, a program designed to address the needs of families raising young children in urban poverty. The growing interest in and adoption of mHealth has changed the way people receive and seek treatment and the way clinicians deliver care. Despite the usefulness of mHealth apps in helping people manage various aspects of health, people’s use of those technologies often lasts only for a short period of time. This suggests a need to delve more deeply into user behaviors. Objective The purpose of this study was to (1) classify levels of engagement by identifying individual usage of ezParent based on observed user activity (ie, “metadata”) and (2) examine whether levels of ezParent engagement is associated with changes in parenting and child behavior over time (ie, parenting stress, self-efficacy, warmth, follow through, punishment, child behavior problems and intensity). Methods This study used a single-group, pre- and posttest design with repeated measures follow-up. Survey measures were collected at baseline (T1), 12 weeks postbaseline (T2) and 24 weeks postbaseline (T3). The study included 92 parents with data collected from two pediatric primary care clinics based in two urban cities with a high proportion of low income and minority families: Chicago, Illinois (cohort 1) and Baltimore, Maryland (cohort 2). Engagement was conceptualized based on total number of modules completed, amount of time spent in the program, and number of skills saved by the parent. Each outcome variable was modeled using a separate mixed-effects model to determine the model of best fit and was analyzed across time and level of engagement. Results Overall, 78 parents logged in to the ezParent program. The data aggregation resulted in 41 parents categorized as high engagers (cohort 1 n=29; cohort 2 n=12) and 37 parents as low engagers (cohort 1 n=13; cohort 2 n=24). Significant differences were across all outcome variables: parenting stress (P<.05), self-efficacy (P<.05), warmth (P<.05), punishment (P<.05), follow-through (P<.05), child behavior intensity (P<.05), and child behavior problems (P<.05). Although parenting outcomes improved, improvements were not significantly associated with levels of engagement. Conclusions This study provides insight into engagement of parents participating in a digitally delivered parent training program. Although level of engagement was not associated with improvements in parenting and child outcomes, we were able to systematically identify and test key usage metrics to ope rationalize engagement. This indicates that further study may help researchers identify other usage metrics more indicative of engagement. By exploring usage data, researchers, app developers, and clinicians can better understand how users engage with future tablet-based interventions.
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Fan, Shenggen, Emily EunYoung Cho, and Christopher Rue. "Food security and nutrition in an urbanizing world." China Agricultural Economic Review 9, no. 2 (May 2, 2017): 162–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/caer-02-2017-0034.
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Purpose The paper is a synthesis of the 2017 Global Food Policy Report, and the purpose of this paper is to put into perspective the major food policy issues, developments, and decisions of 2016 and highlights challenges and opportunities for 2017. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents an overview of recent changes in the global context for food security and nutrition, and synthesizes research findings on major issues that arise in an urbanizing world. Based on its findings, the authors present policy recommendations and areas for future research for food security and nutrition. Findings Urbanization is linked with dietary changes to more energy-dense diets, and, the triple burden of malnutrition is increasing, particularly in rapidly urbanizing developing countries. Rural-urban linkages are key to improving food security and nutrition in both rural and urban areas, and traditional agricultural value chains linking farms to cities are undergoing a “quiet revolution.” Governance to enhance food security in the context of rapid urbanization faces various challenges in the institutional, administrative, and political realms, especially for the informal economy in developing countries. To address the unique challenges of urbanization, policies will need to create enabling environments, promote efficient and inclusive value chains, improve governance, and promote tailored programs. Research gaps that need to be filled include better, updated, and disaggregated data on food security and nutrition, as well as an enhanced understanding of enabling environments. Originality/value The paper highlights the increasingly relevant issue of rapid urbanization, especially in developing countries, for food security and nutrition, and synthesizes recent research in this area.
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Khongouan, Waralak, and Putpannee Sitachitta. "Area Development Guidelines to Support the Open-Air Markets in Thammasat University, Rangsit Campus." Journal of Architectural/Planning Research and Studies (JARS) 10, no. 1 (August 7, 2022): 123–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.56261/jars.v10i1.12941.
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Lai, Yuan. "Urban Intelligence for Planetary Health." Earth 2, no. 4 (November 18, 2021): 972–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/earth2040057.
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The health of human-being and our planet are incessantly interlinked, and such links often exist in the context of cities. This article articulates urban intelligence as an essential capacity for cities to be more adaptive and responsive to face the risks in the context of climate change and global pandemics. Urban intelligence includes data intelligence, design intelligence, and crowd intelligence, which collectively contribute to planetary health with better understandings in cities’ complex physical-environmental-technical-social dynamics. In the long run, urban intelligence supports cities by enabling a better conceptual understanding of human-earth conflicts, transdisciplinary research in the science of the cities, and governmental collaborations at the local and global scale.
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Fairbanks, Robert B. "Federal Urban Renewal in Three Small Texas Cities: A Mixed Legacy." Journal of Planning History 19, no. 3 (March 13, 2020): 187–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1538513220908958.
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When it comes to the federal urban renewal program, Texas has often been dismissed as a conservative state since large cities like Dallas and Houston refused to participate. But a closer look at Texas shows that smaller cities such as Lubbock, Waco, and Grand Prairie did indeed embrace the program. Unlike northern cities which employed urban renewal to retard decline, these Texas cities embraced it to promote growth and to improve race relations. Because of segregation, blacks had few standard neighborhoods to reside in and civic leaders saw new opportunities to better black living conditions offered by urban renewal.
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Guevara, Arnoldo José de Hoyos. "EDITORIAL AND INDEX." Journal on Innovation and Sustainability RISUS 12, no. 2 (June 18, 2021): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.23925/2179-3565.2021v12i2p1-3.
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This time we start with several papers regarding the new wave of the Digital Era and the ICT Revolution, starting with the general Framework of Global and Remote Communication that represents on the context of an expanding Globalization the way we are opening to a new world with great opportunities, but that also brings some risks like the Moral Challenges of the advanced technologies of the 4th Industrial Revolution, that hopefully may be overcome in the 5th Industrial Revolution with the kind of Society 5.0 that is emerging in Japan. Moreover, advances in the Digital Era may also foster citizenship development as shown in the next paper; but at the same time represent a challenge regarding professional skills needed in particular for startups that are growing rapidly in number and size everywhere; so this is context of the next paper. Next paper is a study on the Quality of Life at work based on Leadership Models that in particular shows the positive impacts of a more Participatory Leadership. Next paper shows, through a survey of 396 companies in Brazil, that only a small number of organizations deal with the process of retaining professionals identified as potential successors that no doubt could be very relevant for the organization. Regarding Human Resources next paper is a study based on a Semantic Analysis about possibilities that are opening already, at the recruitment and selection process, by using Artificial Intelligence. Next paper seeks to find relationships between motivation and engagement and project management by means of a bibliometric analysis. For this purpose, was performed a cluster analysis of 529 articles using VOXviewer indicated that motivation in projects is strongly linked to professional development and growth, with increased interest in sustainability and in the relationship with stakeholders represented by the internal and external community of projects; and regarding Organizational Culture next paper shows, through a survey of 109 Organizations in Brazil, the importance of integrating Cultural Diversity in Organizations that may not only help to improve social conditions but also lead to recruiting better talents and leads to greater customer orientation, greater employee satisfaction and better decision making representing a win-win strategy. Still regarding Organizational Culture, and based on Quinn and Rohrbaugh’s model, next paper focus impacts on Competitive Strategy in the Banking Segment following Quinn and McGrath approach. Next paper is a statistical study regarding Fidelity in the Physical Fitness Business, using Logistic Regression and unidirectional ANOVA, that surprisingly show that frequency of use was the most relevant variable related to customer retention, rather than price and membership length. Today’s economic impacts of COVID-!9 is leading Public Policies in Governments like Brazil to drastically reduce Investments in Science and Technology that may end up decreasing the Human Development Index – HDI, as shown by next paper based on a previous study of the performance indicators in Science, Technology and Innovation CT&I in 14 countries including some like Brazil. Today, 55% of the world's population lives in urban areas, a proportion that is expected to increase to 68% by 2050; as a matter of fact by 2050, two-thirds of all humanity will live in urban areas; and higher changes have actually been in Latin America and the Caribbean with 81.2% of the population already living in urban areas, up from 41.3% in 1950. Hence particularly in these regions sustainable development will become fundamental for the management of cities, so next paper dealing with a small city in southern Brazil may be helping as Best Practice Case. The city was able, through Team Works, to developed a Municipal Goals Plan based on the Sustainable Development Goals - SDG and in less than 4 years (2017-2020) 90% of which were reached through Work Teams driven basically by: The engagement of those responsible for2RISUS – Journal on Innovation and Sustainability, São Paulo, v. 12, n.2, p. 1-3, abr./mai. 2021 - ISSN 2179-3565Administrative Management, The importance of planning, at both strategic and operational levels, and the commitment of the teams in the execution of the actions. Actually, Brazil for some time has being already counting with an Open Sustainable Cities Program that help cities to develop its own strategies accordingly. Next paper is a survey of 48 companies in Brazil that using Crunchbase and Iramuteq technologies found three classes of business blockchain impact on Business models: A distributed value structure, a governance structure and an application structure aimed at encrypted and tokens. Next paper coming from Ukraine shows an approach for modelling a System of Balanced Criteria of Business Process Management (BPM), focused on large data volumes with a basic processes implemented using the cloud computing service — math.semestr, that may be promising in terms of automation of business process management. Last paper comes from Malaysia and deals with a trial on Home Buyers´ Willingness to Pay (WTP), using an on-line survey constructed using the LMA design tool provided in the ‘support.CEs’ package that showed that even a small and diversified sample of 20 respondents dealing with home buyer preferences for sustainable housing and analyzed using the package’s clogit function may give some results even for the measurement of a higher number of variables.
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Mozuriunaite, Skirmante. "The role of landscape design in Smart Cities." Landscape architecture and art 13 (December 10, 2018): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2018.13.05.
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Smart cities are not a new phenomenon and it is an interdisciplinary definition that became a popular labeling for modern cities. However, there a is surprisingly little academic research in urban design and planning field that discusses this phenomenon. Smart cities definition is similar to intelligent, creative, sustainable or liveable cities which appears to be considered as a part of a play with words. In most of the technological and social science articles smart cities refer to a smart urban management and development via technologies and infrastructure. Based on the scientific literature overview, there are several factors affecting the city smartness, such as technology, people and communities, economy governance, planning and infrastructure. Overall there is a little information and research on urban design principles and tools in the smart city’s creation and contribution to its smartness. The most important thing is to clarify the urban design, planning and landscape design role importance to a smart city context and vice versa. The aim of this paper is to overview the smart cities concept from urban design perspective to find and highlight the important touch points, relation and role of urban design, planning and landscape design in smart cities creation. This would lead to the robust principles for smart European cities that would enable to achieve sustainable development, efficient urban growth and a better urban landscape.
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White, Marcus, Youpei Hu, Nano Langenheim, Wowo Ding, and Mark Burry. "Cool City Design: Integrating Real-Time Urban Canyon Assessment into the Design Process for Chinese and Australian Cities." Urban Planning 1, no. 3 (September 12, 2016): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v1i3.646.
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Many cities are undergoing rapid urbanisation and intensification with the unintended consequence of creating dense urban fabric with deep ‘urban canyons’. Urban densification can trap longwave radiation impacting on local atmospheric conditions, contributing to the phenomena known as the Urban Heat Island (UHI). As global temperatures are predicted to increase, there is a critical need to better understand urban form and heat retention in cities and integrate analysis tools into the design decision making process to design cooler cities. This paper describes the application and validation of a novel three-dimensional urban canyon modelling approach calculating Sky View Factor (SVF), one important indicator used in the prediction of UHI. Our modified daylighting system based approach within a design modelling environment allows iterative design decision making informed by SVF on an urban design scale. This approach is tested on urban fabric samples from cities in both Australia and China. The new approach extends the applicability in the design process of existing methods by providing ‘real-time’ SVF feedback for complex three-dimensional urban scenarios. The modelling approach enables city designers to mix intuitive compositional design modelling with dynamic canyon feedback. The approach allows a greater understanding of existing and proposed urban forms and identifying potential canyon problem areas, improved decision making and design advocacy, and can potentially have an impact on cities’ temperature.
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Kitchingman, John. "Designing for the Urban Environment." New Electronics 54, no. 12 (July 27, 2021): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/s0047-9624(22)60318-3.
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Garrah, Jacob, Katherine Berton, and Sophia Chen. "Urban Biodiversity Through Sustainable Architecture and Urban Planning." McGill Science Undergraduate Research Journal 12, no. 1 (April 9, 2017): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/msurj.v12i1.40.
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Background: In recent years, ecologists, architects, urban planners and decision makers, and citizens have become more aware of the importance of biodiversity in cities, creating a renewed effort to make cities and new developments better suited towards natural habitats. Sustainable architecture and design practices have offered ground to significant discovery and innovation in the art of city-building. Methods: A literature review of current practices in the Western world of the last twenty years and two case studies will be used to illustrate current efforts and future directions of biodiversity preservation. Summary: Integrating building strategies and holistic urban ecosystem development, compounded by encouraging interdisciplinary approaches that promote collaborative and bottom-up urban planning through community activism are the main trends in current sustainable city-building. The literature review is far from exhaustive and requires a historical perspective to better understand implications of past and present sustainability efforts. The paper serves as introduction to a promising field. Relationships between biodiversity preservation and urban planning and design need to be reinforced in order to build a more connected, healthy, and resilient community.
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Derrible, Sybil. "Urban infrastructure is not a tree: Integrating and decentralizing urban infrastructure systems." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 44, no. 3 (May 13, 2016): 553–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265813516647063.
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In his original 1965 article, Christopher Alexander argued that master planned cities ultimately failed because the designs elaborated followed a tree structure as opposed to a more desirable semilattice structure present in organic cities. In this article, I argue that a similar claim can be made with urban infrastructure systems planning. As cities expanded and became increasingly complex in the 20th century, the responsibility to plan and design urban infrastructure was distributed to separate agencies that seldom communicate and coordinate with one another. In the global context to make cities more sustainable and resilient, a better integration of infrastructure systems may hold much potential. After recalling Alexander’s main concepts, I examine how current infrastructure systems are naturally interdependent. I then discuss the role of integration, by notably proposing an integration-decentralization matrix, with four quadrants, illustrated by using practical examples. The quadrants are current paradigm, siloed distribution, localized integration, and integrated decentralization. Overall, a better integration of urban infrastructure can offer significant benefits to a city, and it may be time to seriously revisit our current urban infrastructure systems planning practice.
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Grubovic, Ljiljana. "Urban task force." Spatium, no. 8 (2002): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat0208037g.
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The Urban Task Force Report has brought to our attention, that English towns and cities today require a new renaissance. The comprehensive planning has retarded urban living (Urban Renaissance, Sharing the Vision 01.99, 1999). Forty percent of inner-urban housing stock is subsidized 'social' housing. A review of the demographic and development trends have lead to the UK Government?s new urban policy that prioritizes the regeneration of towns and cities by building on recycled urban land and protecting the countryside. As result, Urban Task Force (UTF) was founded the with the following aims To identify causes of urban decline in England; To recommend practical solutions how to bring people back into cities; To establish a new vision for urban regeneration based on the principles of design excellence, social well being and environmental responsibility within a viable economic and legislative framework (Urban Task Force, 1999:1). This paper represents the analysis of the economic and political effects of the program and its viability.
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Praharaj, Sarbeswar. "Area-Based Urban Renewal Approach for Smart Cities Development in India: Challenges of Inclusion and Sustainability." Urban Planning 6, no. 4 (November 17, 2021): 202–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v6i4.4484.
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Cities in the Global South face rapid urbanization challenges and often suffer an acute lack of infrastructure and governance capacities. Smart Cities Mission, in India, launched in 2015, aims to offer a novel approach for urban renewal of 100 cities following an area-based development approach, where the use of ICT and digital technologies is particularly emphasized. This article presents a critical review of the design and implementation framework of this new urban renewal program across selected case-study cities. The article examines the claims of the so-called “smart cities” against actual urban transformation on-ground and evaluates how “inclusive” and “sustainable” these developments are. We quantify the scale and coverage of the smart city urban renewal projects in the cities to highlight who the program includes and excludes. The article also presents a statistical analysis of the sectoral focus and budgetary allocations of the projects under the Smart Cities Mission to find an inherent bias in these smart city initiatives in terms of which types of development they promote and the ones it ignores. The findings indicate that a predominant emphasis on digital urban renewal of selected precincts and enclaves, branded as “smart cities,” leads to deepening social polarization and gentrification. The article offers crucial urban planning lessons for designing ICT-driven urban renewal projects, while addressing critical questions around inclusion and sustainability in smart city ventures.
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Liu, Yi Song, Tan Yigitcanlar, Mirko Guaralda, Kenan Degirmenci, Aaron Liu, and Michael Kane. "Leveraging the Opportunities of Wind for Cities through Urban Planning and Design: A PRISMA Review." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 16, 2022): 11665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811665.
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Wind has been utilized for passive ventilation and mechanical power since antiquity. As an abundant renewable resource, today, wind is increasingly seen as a critical resource to help tackle issues associated with rapid urbanization and climate adaptation and mitigation, such as improving thermal comfort, providing clean energy, improving air quality, and reducing carbon emissions. Despite the growing importance of wind as an invaluable resource for cities, wind in the context of urban planning and design is a relatively understudied area of research. This study aims to explore the means by which cities that can benefit from wind and ways urban planning and design can help deliver these benefits. The study adopts a systematic literature review methodological approach. The findings disclosed that: (a) improving urban wind environment via sound urban planning and design may enhance urban ventilation and energy performance; (b) better urban ventilation and energy performance enable cities to become climate positive or net zero and relieve the urgent climate crisis; (c) wind sensitive urban design is an emerging research area critical to harvest the benefits of wind for cities. This study offers a novel conceptual framework and research directions for wind sensitive urban design and informs urban planning, design policy and practices.
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Elewa, Ahmed. "Unlocking the Potentials of Urban Architecture in Enhancing the Quality of Urban Life in Urban Poverty Areas through Community Projects." International Journal of Environmental Science & Sustainable Development 4, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/essd.v4i2.561.
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Currently more than half of world population are living in cities, while world is witnessing a rapid urbanization process particularly in cities of the developing and emerging countries, where urban poverty areas (UPA) with low quality of urban life (QUL) and lack of the usual urban spaces are the most significant urban phenomena that characterized those cities. In such an urban context there is a need for an efficient tool that contributes positively to the enhancement of the QUL, meanwhile to provide the best use of the rare vacant lands.This study argues that urban architecture as a design field offers a distinctive approach to a special type of buildings made for an urban setting, thus it can enhance the QUL in UPA through community projects.The study is based on an analytical study of selected cases of community projects in UPA that represents examples of how urban architecture through its potentials has a positive impact on its urban context, notably through community projects that strongly linked to real community needs. The results showed that urban architecture as a design approach for community projects have multiple roles that boost thedaily life, as well it supports various environmental issues towards better QUL.
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Lehmann, Steffen. "Growing Biodiverse Urban Futures: Renaturalization and Rewilding as Strategies to Strengthen Urban Resilience." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 8, 2021): 2932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052932.
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How are our cities using nature-based solutions to confront the challenges posed by a warming climate, the loss of biodiversity and major resource depletion? This article discusses the opportunities and benefits of applying the concepts of regreening and rewilding of cities. The article engages with key sources and summarizes the background and development of regreening and nature-based solutions and important policies, concerns and perspectives of international and national organizations. It introduces the integration of nature-based solutions (NBS) as a strategy in urban planning with the aim to strengthen urban resilience and to slow down the biodiversity decline. Rewilding areas in cities has become a powerful strategy to bring back butterflies, insects, birds, and wildlife. In contrast to highly managed parks and gardens, these rewilding initiatives are leaving allotted spaces mostly uncultivated and self-regulated. Contact to nature is essential for human existence, urban wellbeing, and good quality of life. Green spaces in cities—big or small—all contribute to the health and wellbeing of residents. However, many cities do not offer residents easy access to green space within the city. Improving the better distribution of and access to green spaces and extending gardens and parks is likely to deliver a large number of benefits, such as: ecosystem services, better water management for enhanced urban flood control, slowing down the biodiversity loss, contributing to food security, and restoring damaged ecosystems. Furthermore, additional green space and NBS help to keep cities cool during heatwaves and improve the urban microclimate. Rewilding has emerged as an important part of new public parks and gardens. The next step is to up-scale citywide climate intervention strategies deployed to keep cities cool. However, as the discussion of this article shows, it is essential that the design of these NBS strategies is fully integrated with other complementary planning interventions and seeks synergies across all sectors.
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Bunevska Talevska, Jasmina, and Marija Malenkovska Todorova. "Multicriteria decision making approach as a tool for street network re-design in the city of Bitola, North Macedonia." Put i saobraćaj 65, no. 2 (July 9, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.31075/pis.65.02.01.
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The current urban planning principles are based on the renewal and use of the cities’ available potentials, with the aim of their sustainable urban mobility development. Today, according to the literature, there is no doubt that urban reconstruction is a much better direction for the development of smart cities since numerous challenges threaten the ability of cities to become viable pillars of sustainable development. The main objective of this paper is to adopt recently developed methodology for the analysis and selection of pedestrian crossing types on the case study location example regarding first phase on sustainable urban mobility plan development for the Municipality of Bitola, North Macedonia, as well as to underline the principles and assessment procedure for the re-design of urban network in Bitola as a sustainable urban form.
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Lim, Hye Kyung, and Jaan-Henrik Kain. "Compact Cities Are Complex, Intense and Diverse but: Can We Design Such Emergent Urban Properties?" Urban Planning 1, no. 1 (March 30, 2016): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/up.v1i1.535.
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Compact cities are promoted by global and local policies in response to environmental, economic and social challenges. It is argued that increased density and diversity of urban functions and demographics are expected to deliver positive outcomes. ‘Emerged’ urban area which have developed incrementally seem to exhibit such dense and diverse characteristics, acquired through adaptation by multiple actors over time and space. Today, ‘design-based’ planning approaches aim to create the same characteristics here and now. An example of such is the City of Gothenburg, Sweden, which strives to involve multiple actors to ‘design’ urban density and mixed use, but with unsatisfactory outcomes. There is reason to investigate in what way current planning approaches need modification to better translate policy goals into reality. This paper studied which type of planning approach appears to best deliver the desired urban characteristics. Two cities are studied, Gothenburg and Tokyo. Today, these cities operate under different main planning paradigms. Tokyo applies a rule-based approach and Gothenburg a design-based approach. Five urban areas were studied in each city, representing outcomes of three strategic planning approaches that have been applied historically in both cities: 1) emergent compact urban form; 2) designed dispersed urban form; and 3) designed compact urban form. Planning outcomes in the form of density, building scales and diversity were analysed to understand if such properties of density and diversity are best achieved by a specific planning approach. The results show that different planning approaches deliver very different outcomes when it comes to these qualities. To better support ambitions for compact cities in Gothenburg, the prevailing mix of ‘planning by design’ and ‘planning by developmental control’ needs to be complemented by a third planning strategy of ‘planning by coding’ or ‘rule-based planning’. This is critical to capacitate urban planning to accommodate parameters, such as timing, density, building scale diversity, and decentralization of planning and design activities to multiple actors.
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Symes, Martin. "Sustainability, Professionalism and Urban Design; A Learning Process." Open House International 36, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-02-2011-b0002.
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Sustainable development requires change in who makes decisions as well as in their content. The field theory of behavioural change is used here to structure a discussion of professionalism in urban design for sustainability. Sustainability and professionalism (both concepts defined by their users) are channelled subjectively, there are barriers in cities, designers act as gatekeepers, learning takes place. There follow sections on cities, designers, learning and research. There is more wealth and more poverty. In addition the cultural diversity of the urban population is becoming ever more evident. Sustainability depends on the interaction between designers and users, on new forms of practice and on new forms of urban development. There needs to be more focus on the improvement of participatory decision-making, and on new forms of communication, in design practice. This argues against a too narrow interpretation of academic standards in schools of architecture and encourages the reevaluation and further development of pragmatic approaches and the transmission of practical skills. Business School methods could be used. A good deal of previous research could usefully be looked at again with the sustainability agenda in mind, including a better understanding of skills. In conclusion, professionals need more multi-disciplinary practice and greater participation in it by lay citizens.
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Panlasigui, Stephanie, Erica Spotswood, Erin Beller, and Robin Grossinger. "Biophilia beyond the Building: Applying the Tools of Urban Biodiversity Planning to Create Biophilic Cities." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (February 24, 2021): 2450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052450.
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In response to the widely recognized negative impacts of urbanization on biodiversity, many cities are reimagining urban design to provide better biodiversity support. Some cities have developed urban biodiversity plans, primarily focused on improving biodiversity support and ecosystem function within the built environment through habitat restoration and other types of urban greening projects. The biophilic cities movement seeks to reframe nature as essential infrastructure for cities, seamlessly integrating city and nature to provide abundant, accessible nature for all residents and corresponding health and well-being outcomes. Urban biodiversity planning and biophilic cities have significant synergies in their goals and the means necessary to achieve them. In this paper, we identify three key ways by which the urban biodiversity planning process can support biophilic cities objectives: engaging the local community; identifying science-based, quantitative goals; and setting priorities for action. Urban biodiversity planning provides evidence-based guidance, tools, and techniques needed to design locally appropriate, pragmatic habitat enhancements that support biodiversity, ecological health, and human health and well-being. Developing these multi-functional, multi-benefit strategies that increase the abundance of biodiverse nature in cities has the potential at the same time to deepen and enrich our biophilic experience in daily life.
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Cruz, Marcos, and Richard Beckett. "Bioreceptive design: a novel approach to biodigital materiality." Architectural Research Quarterly 20, no. 1 (March 2016): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135516000130.
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Today, at a time of unprecedented urban development, there is urgency to improve the environmental quality of cities. The present ‘greening’ of urban spaces is an ongoing response to a dirty industrial past and present, with a drive to transform cities to have better air and water, more tree-lined streets and open parks. But the amount of urban public green space varies massively between cities around the world and increasing this, or designing for it, is a particular challenge where there is pressure for space, resources, and development. The architectural fabric itself – building envelopes, roofs, and façades – has been targeted as an opportunity for additional greening. A number of strategies integrating vegetation and other photosynthetic systems onto buildings have been developed, which provide passive climatic control as well as aiding storm-water management and creating new ecological habitat, in addition to lowering atmospheric CO2. However, ‘green walls’, where plants and foliage are grown on the sides of buildings as a kind of secondary skin, have been less successful and have proven expensive to implement. Maintenance costs are significant due to the need to overcome gravity, primarily through mechanical irrigation.
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McGreevy, Michael Patrick. "Complexity as the telos of postmodern planning and design: Designing better cities from the bottom-up." Planning Theory 17, no. 3 (June 21, 2017): 355–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1473095217711473.
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This article explores the relationship between complexity theory and the analysis, planning and designing of cities, specifically their suburban and neighbourhood subsystems. It argues that while complexity theory is an apposite goal for postmodern urban planning, and it has been influential in the analysis and modelling of urban environments, it has been far less influential in their actual planning and design. In particular, the postmodern era has seen a decline of complexity within urban subsystems, as the self-organised complexity found within the traditional town centre and high street has been progressively superseded by the top-down mechanistic order of the shopping centre. This article argues that postmodern planning has often been an accomplice to this process because its antipathy to spatial determinism and/or the expert as arbitrator of what is right or proper in urban planning has left postmodern planners admiring complexity but not necessarily advocating for it. This has left the design and management of urban subsystems to the demands, choices and purposes of giant corporations, a situation more likely to deliver modernist mechanical order than postmodern complexity.
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Guo, Yuhui, Zhiwei Tang, and Jie Guo. "Could a Smart City Ameliorate Urban Traffic Congestion? A Quasi-Natural Experiment Based on a Smart City Pilot Program in China." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 15, 2020): 2291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062291.
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More countries and regions are joining the bandwagon of smart city construction, which is an important strategy and innovative urban governance concept to solve the problem of rapid urbanization. This paper examines whether smart city innovation is able to ameliorate the traffic congestion faced by a large number of cities. Using panel data for 187 prefecture-level cities in China from 2008 to 2017, this paper tests the effect of implementation of a smart city on urban traffic congestion with the difference-in-difference method. The results show that, firstly, the construction of smart cities have significantly reduced the degree of urban traffic congestion and improved the quality and capacity of public transport. Secondly, information technology and urban innovation are the main mechanisms for smart city implementation to improve urban traffic problems. Thirdly, the improvement effect of smart city implementation on traffic management shows an increasing marginal effect over time. By overcoming the estimation bias in previous studies, this study accurately analyzes the positive role and dynamic effect of smart city construction on traffic improvement. It augments the literature of program evaluation and assessment of smart city implementation. By examining how to improve traffic congestion, it offers some insights that could inspire governments to build smarter cities with better traffic.
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Zivkovic, Jelena, Ksenija Lalovic, Milica Milojevic, and Ana Nikezic. "Multifunctional public open spaces for sustainable cities: Concept and application." Facta universitatis - series: Architecture and Civil Engineering 17, no. 2 (2019): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fuace190327012z.
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The idea that multifunctional open spaces support sustainable urban development has been widely accepted in theory and intensively used in practice of urban planning and design. It is based on the assumption that multifunctional spaces bring a wider spectrum of environmental, social and economic benefits to urban areas. And yet, multifunctionality of space is still a vague and diffuse concept that needs further clarifications. Besides that, different academic disciplines understand and use this concept in different ways. This makes the application of the concept difficult to assess and manage in relation to different aspects of urban sustainability. Through the literature review, this paper analyses and compares how the concept of multifunctionality is used in various spatial disciplines (urban planning and design, landscape architecture) in order to better understand and relate its different dimensions, applications and expected benefits for sustainable development. Based on this, a new, relational and multidimensional conceptualisation of the multifunctionality of public open spaces is proposed for analysis and assessment of urban design solutions. It is further applied and discussed in relation to students projects from ?Ecological urban design studio? from the University of Belgrade Faculty of Architecture, as visions for development of multifunctional public open spaces in modernist mass housing area of ?Sava Blocks? in New Belgrade, Serbia.
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Mohammed, Peshawa. "A different perspective towards urban planning based on GIS and VGI techniques." Journal of Geoinformatics & Environmental Research 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.38094/jgier2122.
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Urban planning is considered one of the most critical topics in the design and development strategies of cities. There are a vast amount of urban planning rule sets that focus on dominating the geometrical perspective on other approaches when it comes to planning decisions. In this paper, a different point of view towards urban planning is suggested concentrating on the topological analysis and relation between city elements. Streets of cities are chosen to reflect this topological relation and to investigate the topological relations to the limits; six different sized cities were selected for analysis; three large cities and three relatively small ones. Results of study uncovered the hierarchical pattern underlying in street structure of cities; analyses showed that street networks in large cities have a higher degree of hierarchical level than in relatively small cities. Urban planners can get benefit from the results of analyses in this study to make better planning decisions in large or small cities. The paper provides analysis results towards achieving the optimum goals of urban planning to make cities more living and more efficient.
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Danilina, Nina. "URBAN PLANNING EDUCATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF SMART CITIES." Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии, no. 3(27) (October 1, 2019): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-27-3-36-43.
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Modern urban planning educational trend defines the sustainable development of smart cities as one of the most dynamic areas of city policies around the world. A smart city is a high-tech urban living environment in which innovative solutions are embedded in its constituent elements and processes to improve its quality and living standards. The concept of a smart city is aimed at sustainable development of urban areas and offers technology as a tool for solving problems in the field of planning, design, integrated engineering landscaping, as well as in the provision of urban services to the population. The article discusses the contents of the smart city concept, which reflects the main directions of the curriculum of the master's program «Sustainable Smart City». Its main purpose is to prepare urban planners who have professional competencies in the development of smart cities in the implementation of urban processes.
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Zhang, Hu Zhu, and Hui Min Li. "Urban Road Cross Section Eco-Design Based on Storage-Infiltration of Rainwater and Snowfall." Advanced Materials Research 368-373 (October 2011): 3741–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.368-373.3741.
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In order to deal with the problem of flood disaster, water balance system damage and eco-environment deterioration for cities with development of urbanization in rain and snow area, an urban road cross section eco-design program with storage-infiltration utilization of rainwater and snowfall was proposed with the purpose of groundwater eco-replenishment, water conservation and snowfall stack, also ecological cross section form that can be used in practical engineering and enhancement of infiltration capability for sunken green space of urban road were put forward, and some effective anti-infiltration measures for subgrade and pavement were proposed to prevent the adverse action on urban road from the water in the sunken green space. The eco-design program increases storage-infiltration of rainwater and snowfall with holding the function of traffic organization, drainage and road landscape that belongs to the traditional urban road cross section, and it changed a single drainage system into a compositive storage-infiltration-drainage system. The eco-design program provided a basis and reference for urban road cross section eco-design in rain and snow area.
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Abdi, Mohammad Hamed, and Ali Soltani. "Which Fabric/Scale Is Better for Transit-Oriented Urban Design: Case Studies in a Developing Country." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 7338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127338.
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The goal of this study was to find out how suitable the existing design of urban forms is for adopting transit-oriented development (TOD) basic ideas. Within a major metropolis and a medium-sized city, three varieties of Iranian urban fabric (historic, transitional, and modern) around transit stations were selected using the case study research technique. Then, for two sizes of station areas (macro) and street scales (micro), several TOD design dimensions were evaluated. The results of the comparative research indicated that Iranian cities offer greater chances for TOD design in inner urban areas (including historical and transitional urban forms), whereas microscale characteristics are less reliant on the kind of urban form.
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Sarmiento, Olga L., Andrés F. Useche, Daniel A. Rodriguez, Iryna Dronova, Oscar Guaje, Felipe Montes, Ivana Stankov, et al. "Built environment profiles for Latin American urban settings: The SALURBAL study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 10 (October 26, 2021): e0257528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257528.
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The built environment of cities is complex and influences social and environmental determinants of health. In this study we, 1) identified city profiles based on the built landscape and street design characteristics of cities in Latin America and 2) evaluated the associations of city profiles with social determinants of health and air pollution. Landscape and street design profiles of 370 cities were identified using finite mixture modeling. For landscape, we measured fragmentation, isolation, and shape. For street design, we measured street connectivity, street length, and directness. We fitted a two-level linear mixed model to assess the association of social and environmental determinants of health with the profiles. We identified four profiles for landscape and four for the street design domain. The most common landscape profile was the “proximate stones” characterized by moderate fragmentation, isolation and patch size, and irregular shape. The most common street design profile was the “semi-hyperbolic grid” characterized by moderate connectivity, street length, and directness. The “semi-hyperbolic grid”, “spiderweb” and “hyperbolic grid” profiles were positively associated with higher access to piped water and less overcrowding. The “semi-hyperbolic grid” and “spiderweb” profiles were associated with higher air pollution. The “proximate stones” and “proximate inkblots” profiles were associated with higher congestion. In conclusion, there is substantial heterogeneity in the urban landscape and street design profiles of Latin American cities. While we did not find a specific built environment profile that was consistently associated with lower air pollution and better social conditions, the different configurations of the built environments of cities should be considered when planning healthy and sustainable cities in Latin America.
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Wang, Zijia. "Research on Smart City Environment Design and Planning Based on Internet of Things." Journal of Sensors 2022 (February 1, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2348573.
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With the economic construction of human cities entering the era of Internet of Things, people can better build cities, make better use of information resources, and put forward high requirements for smart city environmental design. However, there are serious problems in the construction of smart cities due to the problems of talents, technology, energy, and capital in urban construction. Therefore, in the era of Internet of Things, urban construction needs to take the Internet of Things as the foundation of intelligent construction and constantly form an optimized processing model of urban construction through intelligent excellent methods and the association of all things. In this paper, the smart city of Internet of Things is taken as the research point, and the urban population density and public infrastructure are taken as the optimization objects. The population of four districts in the city is taken as the research object. The population density under 18 years old accounts for 25% of the whole city, the population density between 18 and 65 years old accounts for 41%, the population density over 65 years old accounts for 34%, and the population density over 18 years old accounts for about 80% of the population density in the East District and South District. The research results show that under the premise of population and infrastructure, adding medical and recreational resources can rationally allocate and optimize resources, thus improving the utilization rate of public resources.
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Abdel-Moneim, Nancy M., and Ahmed I. El Seddawy. "Towards a Better Urban Design in Respect to Environmental Behavior Using Knowledge Discovery." Journal of Southwest Jiaotong University 56, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 619–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.56.3.50.
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Urbanization growth is creeping, and the number of cities will increase each day more than before. Predictions say that approximately 70% of the world population will live in urban areas by 2050. Hence, new approaches must be considered while designing/upgrading/enhancing urban places. This article describes a new theoretical model to enhance the urban design process through Knowledge Discovery techniques based on Artificial Intelligence, data mining, machine learning, 5G, and Micro-World. The research findings enable assessing the whole process of Urban Design phases by proposing new techniques using the Knowledge Discovery by combining the traditional research methods used frequently in the Urban Design Process with the Knowledge Discovery Techniques. Through reviewing and analyzing the urban design and its relation to urban behavior, the authors deduct the correlations between the urban design process and the knowledge discovery techniques that can build solutions based on objective output, not only the traditional subjective ones. The new research results explain the exact application relevant to each step in the urban design process. Also, the research will supplement and improve urban studies to understand the profound relationship between Urban Environmental Psychology and Artificial Intelligence. It can serve the urban designers and planners by using the knowledge discovery to enhance urban practice by providing a more comprehensive range of solutions.
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Kamalipour, Hesam, and Nastaran Peimani. "Learning and Teaching Urban Design through Design Studio Pedagogy: A Blended Studio on Transit Urbanism." Education Sciences 12, no. 10 (October 17, 2022): 712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci12100712.
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Studio-based pedagogy has been central to urban design programmes as it can enable future urban designers to more effectively acquire an understanding of how cities work and critically engage with the role of design intervention. This paper aims to explore the capacities and challenges of learning and teaching urban design through studio pedagogy by drawing on empirical research from a blended urban design studio experiment during the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK. This is part of a broader exploratory project using a case study research design and mixed methods approach. This paper explains the process of designing and delivering two constructively aligned postgraduate urban design studios as part of the MA Urban Design programme at Cardiff University in the 2021–2022 academic year. It further discusses the findings of an online survey on the perceptions and experiences of students regarding blended design studio pedagogy. Designing two consecutive and constructively aligned design studios is argued to work better in comparison with designing two entirely separate stand-alone design studios engaging with different topics and sites. The paper highlights the importance of learning from cities as real urban design laboratories rather than merely analysing abstract secondary datasets. The value of policy review, small group reading discussions, and formative feedback opportunities is also highlighted as integral parts of the urban design studio pedagogy. The paper concludes by discussing a range of key issues concerning field site visit, policy review, community engagement, precedent review, student diversity, design studio topic, reading discussion, group size, formative feedback, engagement, educational background, and English language skills. The outcomes of this paper can inform future practices of developing pedagogical frameworks for blended urban design studios.
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VALSHIN, Rasim M., and Elina V. DANILOVA. "INNOVATIVE URBAN DESIGN METHODOLOGY IN THESIS PROJECTS OF ARCHITECTURAL FACULTY." Urban construction and architecture 7, no. 1 (March 15, 2017): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2017.01.21.
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The article is devoted to the features of urban planning decisions in thesis projects in the context of modern urbanization and sustainable development. The issues of local and global factors interaction in the cities are viewed as the essential prerequisite for sustainable urban environment. The article gives ground of the concept of innovation in urban development, it focuses on the search for optimal solutions to reconcile urban differences and for a better way out of urban conflicts. The article pays attention to the essence of urban innovations as tools and design methods, ensuring the balance of influencing factors and offering urban planning balanced decisions. Given examples of masters theses illustrate the principles of urban planning taken in the author`s workshop.
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Mungkasa, Oswar M. "GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE IN JAKARTA, BASIC UNDERSTANDING AND IMPLEMENTATION EFFORTS IN INDONESIAN CITIES." Applied Research on Civil Engineering and Environment (ARCEE) 2, no. 01 (August 27, 2020): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32722/arcee.v2i01.2921.
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The implementation of green infrastructure (GI) in Indonesia accelerated by public awareness of the importance of conservation of natural resources and ecosystems. One of the Indonesian government’s efforts to apply the principles of GI in urban areas in a structured and massive manner is through the Green City Development Program (P2KH) Ministry of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR). The approach taken is Green Planning and Design, Green Open Space, Green Energy, Green Water, Green Waste, Green Building, Green Transportation, Green Community. The city that is the case study for discussion is Jakarta. Jakarta Smart City, Green Buildings, Urban Agriculture, and Child Friendly Integrated Public Space (RPTRA) are programs that successfully implemented. The implementation GI program easily accepted if based on the community.
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Costa, Cayo, and Sugie Lee. "The Evolution of Urban Spatial Structure in Brasília: Focusing on the Role of Urban Development Policies." Sustainability 11, no. 2 (January 21, 2019): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020553.
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Many cities evolve over time, but some are designed from scratch. Brasília is presented as a unique case on urban planning for having been built from figuratively nothing, based on a design concept that was the brainchild of Brazilian urbanist Lucio Costa. The present study aimed to analyze the interrelation between urban planning and spatial structure change over time to understand the role of urban development policies on the spatial organization of Brasília. The study was conducted based on three interrelated aspects: (1) The intentions of the plans, (2) territorial governance, and (3) external conditions. The results showed that the circumstances of territory occupation—characterized by a polycentric development system with dispersed satellite cities economically dependent on Brasília—have been gradually replaced by strategic development policies, mainly influenced by social and political driving forces. Accordingly, this research suggests a reconsideration of the scale of development instrumentations based on a better understanding of the metropolitan area of Brasília as a unique structure by strengthening its interrelations and seeking better coordination of interests and adaptability of governance processes.
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Lee, Tracy S., Nicole L. Kahal, Holly L. Kinas, Lea A. Randall, Tyne M. Baker, Vanessa A. Carney, Kris Kendell, Ken Sanderson, and Danah Duke. "Advancing Amphibian Conservation through Citizen Science in Urban Municipalities." Diversity 13, no. 5 (May 15, 2021): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13050211.
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As cities adopt mandates to protect, maintain and restore urban biodiversity, the need for urban ecology studies grows. Species-specific information on the effects of urbanization is often a limiting factor in designing and implementing effective biodiversity strategies. In suburban and exurban areas, amphibians play an important social-ecological role between people and their environment and contribute to ecosystem health. Amphibians are vulnerable to threats and imbalances in the aquatic and terrestrial environment due to a biphasic lifestyle, making them excellent indicators of local environmental health. We developed a citizen science program to systematically monitor amphibians in a large city in Alberta, Canada, where 90% of pre-settlement wetlands have been removed and human activities continue to degrade, alter, and/or fragment remaining amphibian habitats. We demonstrate successes and challenges of using publicly collected data in biodiversity monitoring. Through amphibian monitoring, we show how a citizen science program improved ecological knowledge, engaged the public in urban biodiversity monitoring and improved urban design and planning for biodiversity. We outline lessons learned to inform citizen science program design, including the importance of early engagement of decision makers, quality control assessment, assessing tensions in program design for data and public engagement goals, and incorporating conservation messaging into programming.
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Mohammed, Younis, and Aws Salman. "Effect of urban geometry and green area on the formation of the urban heat island in Baghdad city." MATEC Web of Conferences 162 (2018): 05025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201816205025.
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With the growth of cities, the ambient air temperatures (Ta) inside the urban areas are expected to be higher compared to the surrounding rural areas, creating urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon. The city of Baghdad is an example of a hot dry climate cities and during summer, the UHI intensity is significantly affected by the extreme direct solar radiation and leads to outdoor thermal discomfort. Also it causes an increase in energy consumption and air pollution. This research work focuses on the effect of urban geometry and green area in the formation of heat island through a study of two different fabrics of residential neighbourhoods. The height to width ratio (H/W) and vegetation are adopted while the materials of buildings were unified in all study cases. Three-dimensional numerical software Envi-met 4.1 was utilized to analyze and assess the studied parameters including: ambient air temperature (Ta), street surface temperature (Ts) and mean radiant temperature (Tmrt). This study has given a better understanding of the role of urban geometry and green area on forming the UHI that influence on the microclimatic conditions in hot dry climate of the city of Baghdad. So that helped to generate guidelines of urban design and planning practices for a better thermal performance in hot and dry cities.
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Hunold, Christian. "Green Infrastructure and Urban Wildlife." Humanimalia 11, no. 1 (September 12, 2019): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.52537/humanimalia.9479.
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As a result of urban greening initiatives, urban ecologies have become surprisingly hospitable to wildlife. Such initiatives, however, seldom actively imagine the city as wildlife habitat, nor are they particularly intentional about its design. Even so, wild animals have taken advantage of these friendly spaces. Yet the legitimacy of their presence in urban settings often remains precarious. Insofar as green infrastructure development is responsible for the proliferation of wildlife, it calls for a reckoning with the question of whether cities that are teeming with wildlife are also cities for wildlife; and, to the extent they are not, for theorizing forms of human-wildlife coexistence that can better accommodate this abundance. To this end, I examine how practices of cultural engagement with wild animals that seek to visualize their lives as fellow city dwellers might help cultivate imaginaries of city life as more inclusive of wild animals.