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1
Huseynova, Sevil. "Post-Soviet Transnational Urban Communities." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22039.
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Die Dissertationsarbeit ist der Erforschung des Phänomens der Transformation der urbanen und lokalen Identität im Rahmen des Migrationsprozesses nach dem Zerfall der UdSSR gewidmet. 1. Einer der wichtigsten Fokusse der Forschung ist die vergleichende Geschichte der Entwicklung der drei Städte - Sankt-Petersburg (Russland), Odessa (Ukraine) und Baku (Aserbaidschan), die als Räume im Kontext urbaner Gesellschaft und Habitus konstruiert wurden. Der wichtigste geschichtliche Zeitraum ist mit der Europäisierung des Russischen Reichs verbunden. Dieser Faktor bestimmt weitgehend die Spezifität des urbanen Habitus (Lebensraum). 2. Der zweite Fokus liegt auf der urbanen Gesellschaft der Bürger*innen Sank-Petersburgs, Odessas und Bakus. Zur Zeit hat die jeweilige Gesellschaft in ihren Heimatstädten, nachdem sie massive Auswanderungen und den Zustrom von Menschen aus anderen Städten oder ruralen Räumen erlebt hat, einen Teil ihres Einflusses sowie ihrer dominanten Position verloren. Aber in diesem Kontext der Verluste, haben die Mitglieder der urbanen Gesellschaft, auch durch die rasante Entwicklung der digitalen Kommunikation die Möglichkeit erhalten, transnationale Netzwerke zu entwickeln. 3. Der dritte wichtige Fokus liegt auf den sozialen Netzwerken der Bürger*innen von St. Petersburg, Odessa und Baku in Deutschland, u.a. in Berlin. Sowie auf der Institution – „Urban Clubs“, die von Aktivist*innen der urbanen Gesellschaft im Rahmen der Jüdischen Gemeinde Berlin, Anfang der 2000er gegründet wurden. Die Praxis der Netzwerk- und Vereinsgründung ermöglicht es Migrant*innen, auf symbolische Weise ihre gewohnten Lebensbedingungen zu rekonstruieren und bestimmt so die Besonderheit ihrer Integration in die deutsche Aufnahmegesellschaft. Eine solche Studie erlaubt es, die innere Vielfalt einer sich als „russischsprachige Juden“ definierenden Gruppe zu beschreiben. Zusätzlich trägt sie auch dazu bei, die Diskussion über die Prinzipien der Integrationspolitik in Deutschland anzuregen.This dissertation is devoted to the study of the transformation of urban local identity in the context of migration processes after the collapse of the USSR. 1. It offers a comparative history of the development of St Petersburg (Russia), Odessa (Ukraine) and Baku (Azerbaijan) as socio-cultural spaces, within which urban communities were created and urban habitus was designed. The most important period in their history is connected with Europeanisation of the Russian Empire. This history largely determines the specificity of the cities’ urban habitus, respectively. 2. Research is focused on the urban communities of Petersburgers, Odessites, and Bakuvians, which are presently experiencing mass emigration and an influx of population from other cities or rural areas. These communities remaining in their hometowns have lost some influence and status, but in the context of this loss, and due to the rapid development of digital communications, members of these urban communities have also created transnational networks. The city clubs established in St. Petersburg, Odessa and Baku in 1990-1991 have played a special role in creating such networks. Specifics of the communities and their urban habitus have been studied in parallel with the research concerning urban club activities. 3. Social networking practices of members of these urban communities are studied, with focus on immigrants in Germany, and Berlin in particular. Club creation practices allow migrants to symbolically reconstruct familiar living conditions and define the specifics of their integration into the host community (in Germany). Such research makes it possible to describe the internal diversity of the group defined as Russian-speaking Jews, and contributes to discussion about integration policy principles.
Диссертация посвящена исследованию феномена трансформации городской локальной идентичности в контексте миграционных процессов, развивавшихся после распада СССР. Исследование проводилось на трех уровнях и четырех городах и странах. 1. Один из важнейших фокусов исследования - это сравнительная история развития трех городов: Санкт-Петербург (Россия), Одесса (Украина) и Баку (Азербайджан), как социо-культурных пространств в рамках которых создавались городские сообщества и конструировались городские габитусы. Все три города играли разную, но особенную роль в истории Российской империи, а позже СССР. Данное обстоятельство во многом определяет специфику городских габитусов. 2. Один из основных фокусов исследования был направлен на городские сообщества петербуржцев, одесситов и бакинцев. В настоящий момент пережив массовую эмиграцию и приток населения из других городов или сельской местности, эти сообщества в родных городах утратили определенную часть влияния и доминирующие позиции. Но в этом контексте утрат, а также в связи с быстрым развитием цифровых коммуникаций, члены этих городских сообществ приобрели возможность конструирования транснациональных сетей. Институтами играющими особенную роль в создании таких сетей стали городские клубы, созданные в 1990-1991 годах в Петербурге, Одессе и Баку. 3. Третий основной фокус - социальные сети петербуржцев, одесситов и бакинцев в Германии, и в Берлине в частности. А также институты - "городские клубы", создававшиеся активистами этих городских сообщества в рамках Еврейской общины Берлина. Практики создания сетей и клубов позволяют мигрантам проводить символическую реконструкцию комфортных условий для проживания и определяют специфику процесса их интеграции в принимающее сообщество (в Германии).
2
Hage, Sara A. "Alleys negotiating identity in traditional, urban, and new urban communities /." Connect to this title, 2008. http://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/110/.
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Huseynova, Sevil [Verfasser]. "Post-Soviet Transnational Urban Communities / Sevil Huseynova." Berlin : Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1221128965/34.
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Xu, Miao. "Gated communities in China : urban design concerns." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55826/.
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Against the backdrop of market transition and urbanisation, the gated community have gained a strikingly fast growth in China in the last two decades. Looking at the key forces shaping the design and the socio-spatial consequences, this research aims to understand the design issues of gated community with respect to the well-being of the neighbouring public spaces and urban life in-between. From the perspective of spatial political economy, and based on Manuel Castells's definition of 'urban design', this study develops a research framework emphasizing the significance of context around the gated community phenomenon. A two-phase strategy is adopted to explore firstly the historical background of gated community in China with respect to the general morphological transformation and the socio-cultural and political-economic impetus behind it. Then, it narrows the focus on to a case study of a set of gated communities in the Dragon Lake Garden urban neighbourhood in Chongqing, aiming to examine in detail the design process and consequences for local public spaces. The specific methods of documentary analysis, secondary survey, direct observation, semi-structured interview are used for this research. It was the reform towards commodity housing system, and fundamentally, the de facto neo-liberal governance, that decisively gave birth to China's gated community in an era of rapid urbanisation, rural-to-urban mass migration, widening gap and confrontation between the rich and poor. But the conventional roots help account for the prevalence of the gated community in contemporary China, which embodies, or re-interprets, the traditional values, habitat culture, and morphologies that are deeply embedded in Chinese urban history. As the laissez-faire attitude in local authorities has created a favourable context for gated community development, the specific physical features have been decided largely by the developers who emphasize their own economic interests and the needs of their member-residents. However, this private-oriented approach does not necessarily result in a negative relationship between gated community and the neighbouring public spaces. The empirical investigation in this research shows that both spatial-morphological and socio-behavioural outcomes vary greatly according to different physical arrangements, and could be either positive or negative. In this regard, the design features have played an effective role in manipulating such relationship, and there are three key elements for the design of gated community. By limiting the enclosure size, diversifying the boundary effect visually and functionally, and maximising the shared amenities and facilities, a spatially and socially integrated urban neighbourhood can be fostered on the basis of a reciprocal and interdependent relationship between the gated community and the adjoining public spaces. Such physical manipulation and changes, although oriented to the public good, were not contradictory to the private interest of gated communities by nature. The private effort in this case should be encouraged and supported, but it should also be supervised and guided by the public sector. Therefore, sufficient supervision/support from government is the prerequisite of the successful physical manipulation and the final performance of the gated community development at large. Unfortunately, the local government failed to take a leading role in this regard. Very often, it was the failings or inactions on the part of the current planning regime rather than the gated community itself that resulted in the fragmented urban space which amplified the negative impacts of gated communities.
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So, Li-chuan John. "Preservation of community during redevelopment." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25796446.
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Fraser, Arabella. "Rethinking urban risk and adaptation : the politics of vulnerability in informal urban settlements." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3130/.
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Informal urban settlements are increasingly recognised as vulnerable to climate related risks. Their political-legal status is known to influence their vulnerability, but the linkages between state governance and vulnerability in this setting remain under researched. In particular, as more urban governments develop climate risk assessments, questions arise about how risks are defined, operationalised and received; and the impact this politics has on local-scale vulnerabilities. The thesis proposes a new conceptual direction for urban vulnerability research. First, it draws on livelihoods debates to highlight how the politics of access influences vulnerability, and shows how this is shaped through the interaction between agency and structure, and the social and political relations of meaning and power in which livelihoods decisions are embedded. Second, the thesis shows how theories of Science and Technology Studies (STS) and public policy, and theories of the state, can be used to investigate the politics of risk assessment in informal, urban areas. This theoretical frame generates insights at the interface between development studies and post-structural thought, providing a new perspective on questions of how adaptation takes place in informal areas, who adapts and what they are adapting to. The conceptual propositions of the thesis are applied to a landslide risk management programme in three informal settlements in Bogota, Colombia. The thesis presents empirical findings that illustrate (i) how risk assessments are shaped by state values and practices particular to informal sites in ways that create new inclusions and exclusions in policy; (ii) how inhabitants respond to risk in the context of sociallyembedded meanings and identities and their relationships with the state; and (iii) how people’s agency to transform risks is forged in socio-economic and political networks of power. The thesis argues for a re-politicisation of approaches to understanding urban risk and adaptation, and for transformations in policy to reflect this approach.
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Mashapa, Modjadji Matilda. "Determining perceptions of host communities' regarding urban ecotourism." Thesis, Vaal University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10352/360.
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Tourism has become an essential attribute of modern society that has an effect on the
world and its citizens. On the other hand, tourism can also be blamed for an increase
in environmental and social stress. Hence the need for a more sustainable tourism
industry was advocated; thus the birth of alternative forms of tourism such as urban
ecotourism, responsible tourism and community-based tourism. Urban ecotourism has
been identified as a method of sustainable tourism that is expected to subsidise to
both conservation and development in urban areas. This requires input and
cooperation from various stakeholders. One of the most important stakeholders in this
process is the local community. Thus, when there is collaboration with host
communities in urban ecotourism projects, these projects convert to become
community development. These projects such as urban parks are vital assets within
the local community as they assist in addressing a broader range of environmental
and societal issues. However, these instrumental resources are often ignored,
resulting in a loss of potential benefits.
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JIN, GUANG-ZHAO. "CONTINUATION AND RENOVATION OF URBAN HOUSING COMMUNITIES (BEIJING)." The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555268.
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Woodhouse, Helen. "Epigraphy and urban communities in early Roman Baetica." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/345332/.
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At the present time there is enormous opportunity to investigate the epigraphic assemblages of the Roman province of Baetica. The steady progression in the research and publication of the revised editions of the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum is providing a significant new study resource for the material which takes appropriate account of the archaeological contexts of the material wherever possible. This research takes full advantage of current advances in the epigraphic discipline, and brings the benefit of a fully contextualised archaeological methodology to a study of approximately 1000 Latin inscriptions from a selection of twelve towns predominantly located across the landscape of the lower and western Guadalquivir Valley in the Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía of southern Spain. Discussion of the place of inscriptions within Roman towns is not new, but unique to this research is the way in which the methodology contextualises the material within its appropriate spatial, historical and social context. It builds upon a background of social theory to model the relationship between human society and its material culture in an attempt to identify a series of relationships not considered before with this material. Inscriptions are meticulously analysed for patterns of common behaviour in the way that they were designed and erected. More specifically, it identifies instances where these similarities extend beyond individual settlements, and conversely where individual settlements display distinctly unique characteristics that distinguish them from the other towns studied here. An understanding of the social context of inscriptions enables us to interpret the motivations stimulating the use of inscribed monuments throughout the study region. These are key to answering the question asked by this thesis, namely how the inscriptions from the urban communities of Early Roman Baetica reflect the interconnected nature of Baetican society and provide evidence for social connectivity throughout the study region.
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Ripplinger, David. "Organizing Transit in Small Urban and Rural Communities." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26729.
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The justification of government support of rural transit on the basis of the presence of increasing returns to scale and the most efficient regional organization of transit is investigated. Returns to density, size, and scope at most levels of output were found. Cost subadditivity, where a monopoly firm can provide service at a lower cost than two firms, was found for many, but not all observations. The presence of natural monopoly in rural transit in a strict sense is rejected. The findings and implications are directly applicable to rural transit in North Dakota and should be helpful in informing future federal policy as well as rural transit policy, service design, and operation in other states.
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Picarelli, Nathalie. "Essays in urban & development economics." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3689/.
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This thesis consists of four independent chapters on urban and development economics. Chapter 1 looks at the issue of distance and labour outcomes in urban areas of a developing country. It studies the effect of a housing relocation program on the labour supply and living conditions of low-income households across major cities in South Africa. For this, I use four waves of panel microdata collected between 2008 and 2014, and I exploit the arbitrary eligibility rules of the policy with a fuzzy regression discontinuity design to obtain causal estimates. In the short-term of two to four years following relocation, I find that the labour supply of recipient households decreases by one standard deviation, driven mostly by a decrease in female hours. I find evidence of a large increase in distance (km) to economic opportunities. This is likely to be an important factor behind the decline, directly or indirectly through within-family shifts in livelihood strategies. Evidence is limited regarding improvements in housing and neighbourhood quality. Chapter 2 examines how neighbourhoods where children grow up can play a significant part in shaping their opportunities later in life. It provides unique evidence in a developing country context by using the random allocation of households to ethnically segregated residential areas during apartheid in South Africa. The main observations come from a panel of young adults aged 14 to 22 at baseline and residing in the city of Cape Town. It covers 5 periods of their life between 2002 to 2009. I focus on black children in families living in former black-only residential areas. I find compelling evidence of neighbourhood effects on labour and educational outcomes in adulthood across deprived neighbourhoods. The differences are more marked for young women, suggesting a stronger hold of social norms and institutions for young men. Location, both in terms of access to jobs and access to higher quality public amenities (schools), social networks and the underlying human capital composition of the neighbourhood are positively correlated to having better socioeconomic outcomes in adulthood. Chapter 3 moves beyond socioeconomic outcomes, to study the relationship between extreme weather events and disease in developing cities. As climate change is making extreme weather events more frequent around the world, urban residents in developing countries have become more vulnerable to health shocks due to poor sanitation and infrastructure. The chapter empirically measures the relationship between weather and health shocks in the urban context of sub-Saharan Africa. Using unique high-frequency datasets of weekly cholera cases and accumulated precipitation for wards in Dar es Salaam, we find robust evidence that extreme rainfall has a significant positive impact on weekly cholera incidence. The effect is larger in wards that are more prone to flooding, have higher shares of informal housing and unpaved roads. We identify limited spatial spillovers. Time-dynamic effects suggest cumulated rainfall increases cholera occurrence immediately and with a lag of up to 5 weeks. Chapter 4 addresses questions related to the local impact of economic policies in developing countries. Specifically, I provide evidence on the local effect of a popular trade policy: export processing zones. The chapter examines the impact of their establishment on the levels of per capita expenditure across Nicaraguan municipalities for the period 1993 to 2009. Using the time and cross-section variation of park openings in a difference-in-differences framework, I find that on average consumption levels increased by 10% to 12% in treated municipalities. Yet, average effects mask significant disparities across the expenditure distribution. The results suggest that the policy benefited the upper-tail the most: expenditure levels increased by up to 25% at the 90th percentile. At the opposite end of the distribution, only the bottom decile registered a positive increase in expenditure levels of close to 10% across the period.
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Deakin, Mark. "Sustainable urban development." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2011. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/4660.
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This submission for PhD by publication aims to capture, reflect upon, analyse and offer critical insights into how the use of land and exchange of property can help serve the search for sustainable urban development (SUD). This aim is subsequently met by: • hypothesising how the applicant's publications provide a representation of SUD able to get beyond the state-of-the-art and offer a conceptual framework capable of uncovering the positive role land and property can play in sustaining urban development; • reviewing the research undertaken by the applicant to define SUD and develop a framework for analysis, set of protocols and directory of assessment methods to evaluate the sustainability of urban development; • highlighting the possibility there is for the valuation methodologies and investment appraisal techniques underlying the use of land and exchange of property, to be constructive in terms of the relationship their corporate strategies and financial instruments have to the environment; • illustrating how it is possible to compute the informational basis of property management and draw upon the intelligence this offers cities to develop electronically-enhanced services underpinned by e-learning platforms, knowledge management systems and digital libraries, capable of supporting environmental improvements; • showing how the environmental improvements that surface from such developments in turn support the community-based approach to urban regeneration which underlies the UK government's socially-inclusive and participatory venture into ecological modernisation and democratic renewal; • providing examples of where the management of property by cities is intelligent, not only because the environmental improvement supporting their community-based approach to urban regeneration are socially-inclusive and participatory, but for the reason the ecological modernisation and process of democratic renewal underlying these developments meet the sustainability requirement; • reflecting on the contribution this representation of SUD as informational, intelligent, socially-inclusive, participatory, community-based, regenerative, ecological and democratic, makes to what is known and understood about the subject. Together these positive, analytical and constructive examinations of SUD augment into the informational basis of property management and surface as the corporate strategies and financial instruments of the electronically-enhanced service models needed for cities to be intelligent. In particular, the strategies, instruments and eGov(ernment) service models, cities need to be intelligent in valuing the environment and accounting for the socially-inclusive, participatory, community-based, regenerative, ecological and democratic qualities underlying their improvement programmes.
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Hedley, Phillipa A. "Manenberg Negotiated: answering questions communities are not asking." Master's thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/32103.
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Within the global South, the public realm is often characterised as a territory of intense accessibility and spatial claims, equally enabling and constricting citizens to shape and reshape an inclusive place within the informal city. The contemporary African city has been central to the discourse around the rapidity of urban development and influx, producing a global narrative of the inability of a frail postcolonial metropolis to support this growth. What is emerging, however, is the resulting improvisation of the city’s inhabitants to reimagine their contrasting, everyday environments for the city’s negotiation and daily navigation. Often, the global discourse omits the finer, more nuanced informality of life that the African city’s marginalised users employ in the everyday to innovatively sustain their livelihood.
Central to this imagination, is the Designer’s role to spatially represent all citizens within the urban arena; achieving this through the People’s City design approach. This participatory, incremental approach produces innovation outside the preconceived idea of a design product; rather, pursuing the process over the product. If more than half the city is marginal, the role facing practice should be framing solutions from the perspective and design of citizen/community majority. As Hamdi observes, the integrity of developing an inclusive approach in design, is through the collective voice and experience from within the community context itself; “practice, then, is about making the ordinary special and the special more widely accessible - expanding the boundaries of understanding and possibility with vision and common sense... It is about getting it right for now and at the same time being tactical and strategic about later” (Hamdi, 2004).
Manenberg, Cape Town, provides insight into the negotiation of community spaces; where form-making operates outside of the regular and explores how previous areas of exclusion contribute to an emergence of a more flexible and adaptable city. Rather than the static public realm, Manenberg demonstrates “a temporal articulation and occupation of space which not only creates a richer sensibility of spatial occupation, but also suggests how spatial limits are expanded to include formally unimagined uses in dense urban conditions” (Mehrotra, 2010). These unimagined, informal spatial nuances become the co-construction of choice and improvisation that composes daily life.
This collaboration and co-constructing of place formed the catalyst from which the research project pursues the process over the product, and was the key in developing an action research methodology to partnering and co-design with community members. The overarching thread that this research project attempts to explore in its approach, is: how can designers intervene in a manner which creatively alters the persistent dominance of exclusion in the public realm? And, in doing so, can the community be invited into the process? Throughout this iterative design, three principles emerged: People, power and place; through these the design process could be interrogated across multiple scales, with participants establishing outcomes, diagnosing spatial negotiations and dreaming proposed interventions.
The co-design process in the research project required active engagement, where the participants explored values, issues, threats and opportunities relating to the principles through a series of three process stages: Diagnosis, Dreaming and Designing. The intention was to allow the question of what the community wanted to emerge from within the groups. This process framework provides an opportunity for the group members to revisit their visioning iteratively during each process stage, testing and negotiating decisions of how interventions can be achieved. It allows the participants a space to comprehend urban solutions and explore alternatives, responding to on-the-ground issues from local and nuanced experience.
Answering questions communities are not asking: this subtitle becomes a commentary, or perhaps a statement, on how previous areas of exclusion, the marginalised and the informal city, often do not have a voice in the conversation of how their spaces are conceived and designed for them, without them. The research project concludes with strategies of intervention, with outcomes and solutions generated from the process of co-design. These strategies were then transposed into incremental interventions, testing the greatest impact to alter the accessibility of the public realm. The greatest tool to emerge from the community-led approach was the identification of potential partnerships which strengthened the dynamics in negotiating the public realm; illustrating that if communities are offered a seat at the table, the designs become all the richer, participating in the emergence of a more flexible, incremental and adaptable city.
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Hoetmer, Derek. "CenterScapes : waste landscapes into thriving communities." Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15777.
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Master of Landscape ArchitectureDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Jason Brody
Within the past decade, waste landscapes of decaying regional shopping centers and malls have been transformed into new buildings, streets, and towns— otherwise known as greyfield redevelopments. The most successful of these greyfield redevelopment projects are designed as vibrant town centers that exhibit traits of larger 24-hour cities. Unfortunately, landscape has been less relevant within these projects than they have in historical town center precedents. Landscape architecture originated from societal, cultural, and environmental needs and emerged as a profession to meet those needs. Theory, research, and design principles have emerged as well from studying the importance of landscape within the urban realm. Based upon the theory of Landscape Urbanism, landscape should be the primary element of urban order and that landscape architects possess the ability to enhance these multi-disciplinary projects. In CenterScapes, explorative design projects act as experimental subjects for a landscape architecture approach to current successful greyfield-redevelopment-into-town-center design. This masters project illustrates design research in theory, precedent, design principle, analysis, and explorative design through two applications. While both applications exhibit traits of a greyfield-redevelopment-into-town-center typology, one is designed solely by landscape architects and the other is designed by an interdisciplinary team represented by architectural, landscape architectural, and real estate development disciplines. This report functions to reveal the importance of strategically allocated and designed open space to act as catalysts for new town center developments.
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Shiohata, Mariko. "Exploring the literacy environment in two Senegalese urban communities." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439026.
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Spring, MaLisa R. "Impacts of Urban Greenspace Management on Beneficial Insect Communities." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1492682461719594.
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Phillips, Claire E. "Body Image in Adolescents from Urban Communities in Ecuador." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou153485684485791.
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Betts, Oliver. "Working-class homes in three urban communities, 1870-1914." Thesis, University of York, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5867/.
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This thesis examines the place of ‘home’ in the lives of the poorest residents of the late Victorian city. Using new personal sources it looks afresh at three districts that, through the work of social investigators, have long been at the heart of working-class historiography. The homes of these ‘working-class’ men women and children have received very little historical attention despite, between 1870 and 1914, becoming a key element in the lives of those struggling with poverty and overcrowding. The home was a place where not just money, but also space and time became resources that family members employed to keep both home and family intact. Complex relationships with time, space and money governed the lives of those who inhabited these homes and proved especially important for the young men and women who were born into them. Studying the lives of youths from the perspective of the home reveals how, as they grew older, they came to experience more and more of their urban surroundings. This expanding world view, so formative to the lives of the young, was centred on the family home. Examining the homes of the urban poor also highlights the subtle yet significant distinctions and variations in ‘working-class’ life in the period that call into question the usefulness of such a term when describing people and communities. The powerful image of a culturally unified working-class stems not from the homes of these men and women themselves but the perceptions of such homes, and by extension their residents, by outside society. By 1914 the image of one, sadly deficient, working-class home was firmly rooted in the minds of social reformers. It was an image that, despite little relationship to the realities of life for the urban poor, went on to resonate in twentieth-century Britain.
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Reed, Stephanie Lian. "Placemaking in Urban Communities: A Position on Educational Architecture." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/321921.
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McGowan, Nicholas. "Adaptable urbanism: Understanding self-organised territorialisation in urban communities." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/132369/1/Nicholas_McGowan_Thesis.pdf.
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This research addresses the concept of self-organisation, particularly with regard to how it enables and affects adaptability in urban communities. Assemblage theory was applied to synthesise research on adaptability, system dynamics, and self-organisation, and to ultimately identify a range of factors and variables that affect and are affected by self-organisation in urban communities. The developed theory was verified and advanced through case study research of four urban communities that reflected high levels of self-organisation and adaptability.
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Miller, Vincent Alward. "Enclaves : realities, imagination and representation in the urban lifeworld." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274200.
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Wilkinson, Renee, and Renee Wilkinson. "Equal Access: Providing Urban Agricultural Benefits to Under-Served Communities." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12358.
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This study examines the potential contribution market research could make to planning urban farm locations. Substantial research identifies access to healthy foods as a significant barrier for under-served communities. Under-served communities are those struggling with food insecurity, poor nutrition and poor community cohesion. Urban farm locations could be more strategically planned to connect healthy food access and other secondary benefits to these vulnerable communities. This market research based methodology is applied to Portland, Oregon, using GIS data to map where future urban farms should be placed. The final product of this study is a prioritized list of potentially suitable sites in Portland, Oregon, for a future urban farm. This methodology could be applied in other urban areas to increase access to healthy foods among under-served communities.
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Beamish, Anne. "Communities on-line : community-based computer networks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11860.
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Cassata, Julie A. "Indianapolis urban ecovillage." Virtual Press, 2007. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1365787.
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Eco•In•D, the Ecological Innovation Demonstration, is the title of the Indianapolis Urban Ecovillage designed in this project. There is a growing need to reevaluate how humans live on this planet and determine an alternative, wherein consumption does not exceed available resources and detrimental impact on the environment is minimized or negated. The project considers the intentional community model as well as the concepts of urban sustainability and permaculture to drive the development of the built environment, enabling the planet's ability to absorb the impact of the escalating human population.The site, situated on a boundary between residential and industrial uses in the United Northwest Area neighborhood of Indianapolis, offers many challenges and opportunities that influence the development of the ecovillage. Information gathering, analysis, and interviews inform the design. The final design represents a model of sustainability, intended to educate and engage the greater community.Department of Landscape Architecture
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Liburdi, Carlo. "Detroit urban housing (re)considered /." This title; PDF viewer required. Home page for entire collection, 2005. http://archives.udmercy.edu:8080/dspace/handle/10429/9.
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Harland, Robert George. "Graphic design as urban design : towards a theory for analysing graphic objects in urban environments." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2011. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12350/.
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This thesis presents a model for analysing the graphic object as urban object, by considering atypical fields of discourse that contribute to the formation of the object domain. The question: what is graphic design as urban design? directs the research through an epistemological design study comprising: an interrogation of graphic design studio practice and the articulation of graphic design research questions; a review and subsequent development of research strategy, design and method towards the articulation of methodology that reflects the nature of the inquiry; a detailed analysis of five different ways to study and research graphic design as urban design, in geography, language, visual communication, art and design, and urban design. The outcome of the investigation is a model that enables future research in the urban environment to benefit from micro-meso-macrographic analysis. The model endeavours to provide a way to evaluate, design and enhance ‘public places and urban spaces’ by considering different scales of symbolic thought and deed. This has been achieved by acknowledging the relationship between the relatively miniscule detail of graphic symbolism, the point at which this becomes visible through increased scale, and the instances when it dominates the urban realm. Examples are considered that show differences between, for example, the size and spacing of letter shapes on a pedestrian sign, compared to the ‘visual’ impact of an iconic building in the cityscape. In between is a myriad of graphic elements that are experienced and designed by many different professional disciplines and occupations. These are evidenced and explained. Throughout the study an indiscriminating literature review is interwoven with the text, accompanied by tabular information, and visual data in the form of photographs and diagrams. This is mainly research-driven data utilising photographs from fieldwork in Brazil, Canada, Hong Kong, Italy, Portugal, South Korea, United Kingdom, and United States of America. The methodology integrates a transdisciplinary adaptive theory approach derived from sociological research, with graphic method (utilising a wider scope of visual data usually associated with graph theory). The following images provide sixteen examples of artefacts representing the graphic object as urban object phenomenon.
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Lam, Kit. "From urban disputes to democracy : convention theory and urban renewal in Hong Kong 1988-2008." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2008. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2274/.
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Convention Theory sees government, market, community and general public work with each other by coordination. Over time, this coordination yields faith and trust, i.e. public good for all. This research employs Convention Theory as an aid to understanding the public disputes brought by two new urban renewal policies in Hong Kong before and after the 1997 handover. It compares two major cases representing the two new policies. Through an examination of the processes of these social disputes and each patty's justifications in the different, case studies, this thesis explores the differentiation between them in terms of people's and specific communities' expectation, faith and trust in public policies under the British administration and the new Hong Kong SAR administration. It brings in historical and political contexts to illustrate how and why people frame a new public policy with established social conventions so as to judge its impacts on self, community and public interests. A new public policy that becomes a cause for public dispute inevitably jeopardises this coordination. A change in suzerainty, then, sharply exposes work of this underlying coordination and its jeopardy. This explains the very different evaluations and actions by groups facing the same policy concurrently. Further, the thesis attempts to ascertain the reasons for such difference. Time plays a crucial role in this framework, one that supplements the critical ambit of Convention Theory. The time frame for the two case studies (1988-2008) allows for a comprehensive and continuous comparison of co-ordination, confidence and tmst between communities, society and government before and after Hong Kong's suzerainty changed from Britain to China in 1997. By contextualising two cases; the first evolving over the years 1988-2004 and the second, 2002-2008, this thesis assesses the impact of this change, both in terms of the evolution of governmental and administrative bodies and their affect on perceptions of justice, faith and trust, and on people's perceptions of how this change affected both their own self-interest as well as the interest of Hong Kong per se. Hence this study applies Convention Theory and extends it through its analysis of the role and impact of contextual socio-political change during this time. The in-depth comparative analysis reveals how the pursuit of collective private interests at the community level later evolves into a pursuit for democracy, which links the community to a wider public-whose support it both solicits and wins-as a counterweight to widespread morally and politically iniquitous, unjust and indefensible outcomes. Thus, the evidence furthers Convention Theory's dynamic view of a community's collective cognition and critical capacity that transmutes from the private and familiar to incorporate the public in the transformation from a private dispute made public. This thesis argues that the social values
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Fouch, Jessica. "Asset building for communities and youth." Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8539.
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Master of Regional and Community PlanningDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
John W. Keller
This report reviews asset building for communities to promote youth healthy development. It addresses a comprehensive approach to youth development by engaging all members and sectors of a community. Bellevue, Washington is a community nationally recognized for its collective approach to tackling issues faced by their youth. The Search Institute’s 40 Developmental Assets 1997 Survey showed Bellevue youth possessed less than 50% of the developmental assets necessary to become responsible adults. Since receiving these results, Bellevue has continued working to improve the lives of youth in their community by utilizing the knowledge and resources of community members, organizations, and institutions. For this report, Bellevue’s collective engagement was analyzed to identify which developmental assets youth could obtain through participation, support, and engagement in various community sectors. Bellevue was used as a case study for an asset building community for youth, to determine what makes a great community for youth to live and thrive.
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Law, Shue-nam Alfred, and 羅樹楠. "Urban form in achieving sustainable communities: mega-podium versus at-grade development in urban regeneration." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46737327.
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Hussein, Mohamed M. Fageir. "Urban regeneration and the transformation of the urban waterfront : a case study of Liverpool waterfront regeneration." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2015. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/28746/.
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The transformation of urban waterfronts is one of the key urban design and planning stories of the late twentieth century. The decline of the waterfront in post-industrial cities meant the deterioration of both a physical and social nature of significant portions of urban fabric. Cities have reacted to this state of affairs with substantial regeneration programs, approaching the decline of waterfront as an opportunity rather than a problem. However, since the success of early regeneration programs in North America, changing urban waterfronts on a global scale has led to a manifestation of globalisation, becoming a synonym of uniformity and monotony of cities. The urban waterfront also has become a battleground for a number of intersecting forces and different interests and desires. This research aims to study the phenomenon of urban waterfront regeneration, specifically analysing how it has operated within the UK context since the late 20th century until the present. It focuses on investigating the process of transformation of the urban waterfront in the city of Liverpool. Liverpool has suffered from a serious urban decline following the degeneration of its seven miles of docks due to a number of internal and external factors. However, since the 1980s, the image of an abandoned waterfront has started to change with massive waterfront regeneration schemes that aim to improve the physical, environmental, social and economic conditions of the area. This research argues that by understanding the process and the context of this regeneration, several lessons can be learned and models of good practice can be identified. The research is based on a series of lengthy interviews with key stakeholders closely linked with the development in the city, a review of documents related to the regeneration of Liverpool waterfront, including urban design policies and guidance, a substantial review of relevant news articles that were written throughout the periods of the recent transformation of the city, and numerous site visits to reflect upon the development carried out recently. The research also identifies and discusses a number of key urban issues such as image and identity, cultural built heritage, place marketing and branding, urban governance. The research identifies three distinctive eras of waterfront regeneration and several key regeneration schemes. Each of these eras reflects the many factors that shaped the urban landscape. The research argues that there are no specific models that can create successful waterfront regeneration, yet, what is important is ensuring the complexity and the inclusiveness of the process of the regeneration. An inclusive and a complex process will result in attaining urban competitiveness besides securing distinctive, genuine and imaginative urban identity. The research also highlighted the central role of urban design as a mediator between the numerous processes and different forces that shape the urban landscape.
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Pharazyn, da Silva Lilia Roldán. "Engaging communities : participatory planning in Los Angeles neighborhoods." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90101.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 64-68).
As the planning paradigm in Los Angeles shifts away from sprawled development and towards smart growth and transit-oriented development, low-income communities are weary of the changes future investment and development will bring. Several studies have shown that the introduction of rail stations accelerates neighborhood change and in many cases gentrification. While transit expansion and worries about gentrification are not unique to Los Angeles, the number of transit stations is planned to double, meaning that the redevelopment decisions and outcomes will have a widespread impact on the L.A. landscape. The way in which communities plan for and advocate for the neighborhood changes they want to see is extremely timely considering the forthcoming changes. Taking the afore-mentioned factors into account, what does the future look like for low-income Angelenos in the pathway of new transit stations? What lessons can be learned from communities that have recently dealt with arrival of light rail to their neighborhoods and what can we learn about how participatory planning processes can be used to engage local stakeholders to address redevelopment concerns? This thesis uses the case study method to explore the work of three Los Angeles community-based organizations and their experience implementing participatory planning processes.
by Lilia Roldán Pharazyn da Silva.
M.C.P.
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Bernstein, Autumn Rachel. "Technical Assistance for Disadvantaged Communities Seeking Grant Funding| A Case Study of the Affordable Housing and Sustainable Communities Program." Thesis, University of California, Davis, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10681478.
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Disadvantaged communities in California and across the US encounter unique barriers to attracting competitive funding for affordable housing, economic development, sustainability initiatives and other needs. This paper examines an effort underway in California to overcome these barriers by providing subsidized technical assistance to disadvantaged communities that apply for certain cap and trade-funded grant programs. Specifically, we evaluate the effectiveness of California’s technical assistance (TA) pilot run by the California Strategic Growth Council (SGC) for the Affordable Housing & Sustainable Communities (AHSC) Grant Program. We find that applicants who received comprehensive technical assistance, such as the services provided by the SGC TA pilot, enjoyed a strong competitive advantage over those who do not receive assistance. We also find evidence that projects aimed at serving disadvantaged communities see greater benefits from technical assistance than projects in more affluent communities.
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Burke, Matthew Ian. "Gated communities and residential travel behaviour /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18646.pdf.
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Yu, Jing 1972. "Reconnecting urban communities : Northeastern University Housing Project, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70720.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-55).
This design thesis studies the potential of urban design and urban housing to weave vacant lands, their urban context and the urban communities surrounding them. It focuses on an urban housing project adjacent to Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts. The theoretical background of this thesis partially comes from Aldo Rossi's observation that cities are composed of many distinct districts that were formed as smaller cities. According to Rossi, designers should operate on these districts as the first step toward designing cities as a whole. Boston is one of the case studies in Kevin Lynch's image theory. The image map he provided is very crucial for my urban design. The thesis proposes a city subcenter based on the image map of the South End. Moreover, the site is located in one of the low income residential districts in Boston. Social polarization is very obvious between the site, the South End - Harrison Lenox neighborhood, and other residential districts, such as Beacon Hill and Back Bay. Therefore, this thesis also focuses on defensible space design. An effort is made to reduce social polarization, blur the physical boundary of public housing, and make the neighborhood a desirable place to live. The first half of this thesis focuses on a background study and provides precedents of university- community tension and affordable housing in Boston. Also included is a site study encompassing the university, the communities and the surrounding area in general. The second half of the thesis provides design guidelines for future development and an urban design for the site area.
by Jing Yu.
S.M.
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Thutloa, Alfred Mautsane. "Investigating language shift in two semi-urban Western Cape communities." Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5166.
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Gretak, Alyssa P., and Jill D. Stinson. "Examining Domestic Violence Patterns in Rural and Urban Tennessee Communities." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2018. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/7935.
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Ainuson, Kweku Gyan. "Ensuring adequate water supply to disadvantaged urban communities in Ghana." Connect to this title online, 2009. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1247508537/.
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Wong, Magdalena. "Performing masculinity in peri-urban China : duty, family, society." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3524/.
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This thesis examines how a hegemonic ideal that I refer to as the ‘able-responsible man' dominates the discourse and performance of masculinity in the city of Nanchong in Southwest China. This ideal, which is at the core of the modern folk theory of masculinity in Nanchong, centres on notions of men's ability (nengli) and responsibility (zeren). It differs from, while not always being in contradiction with, the ideal of the ‘wealthy and worldly man' that many scholars of contemporary China have written about. For my research informants, an exemplary man is expected to excel financially but also to shoulder his responsibilities, first and foremost within the kin group, and then to society and the country. I explore the formation and nuances of this ideal in an economic and social milieu that has been radically transformed by forces such as modernization, labour migration, the one-child policy, and changing ideologies and practices of leisure, individualism, filial piety, gendered power and nationalism. Through ethnographic accounts from teenage boys, men of marriageable age, and married men alike, I show that the hegemonic model is coercive, yet negotiable. These accounts reveal the vulnerabilities of male youth and adults in different circumstances, and the multiple and varying strategies they take as they enact their masculinities. The hierarchical nature of relationships amongst men and between the two genders is complicated by an intersection with other social divisions and individual life trajectories. At the apex of the hegemonic model are the country’s leaders who exemplify for their political subjects what it means to be an exemplary Chinese man in the modern era. The thesis looks into not only what men think of being men and their performance as men, but also at what women think and how they construct and, in some regards, sustain the male mode.
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Gakenheimer, Rachel N. (Rachel Neilson) 1970. "Promoting synergy between new hotel developments and established communities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66390.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 77-79).
There is often a great hubbub when a municipality or a developer suggests the development of a hotel most anywhere in the US, especially in highly urbanized communities. Because of their often imposing shapes, standardized form and insufficient attention to the context in which they are set, hotels can easily overwhelm a community without intending to. American hotels, as distinct from European ones frequently provide an enormous breadth of goods and services to their guests, from restaurants, bars, athletic clubs, and hairdressers, to post offices and gift shops. This keeps a traveler from having to leave the premises during his or her stay. While this may be efficient in the suburbs, in cases where the hotel is surrounded by a commercial center, this can result in missed opportunities to coordinate hotel and local business activities. Because of the sum of room and property taxes, hotels generate large amounts of money for municipalities and increase the tax base. The limited-service hotel model introduces a concept that induces and invites integration with the community rather than rejecting it. This is done by creating a hotel structure with the most minimal of facilities, limited dining rooms, limited or no externally-focused meeting rooms, no gift shop, no entertainment facilities. This limited-service hotel provides only the basics, including a bed, private bath, and for extended-stay facilities, living area and kitchen, encouraging guest integration with the surrounding community and encouraging the hotel to reach into the community for its goods and services. This thesis studies the impacts of inserting a hotel development into a highly urbanized setting, including how these hotels can add to the urban design component of the town and benefit the surrounding commercial area by externalizing services and amenities. Case studies are taken from the northeastern United States and applied to a current hotel feasibility study underway in Coolidge Corner, Brookline, MA.
by Rachel N. Gakenheimer.
M.C.P.
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Ren, Meng M. C. P. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "The restructure of amenities in Beijing's peripheral residential communities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99088.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 77-84).
China's rapid urbanization has led to many big metropolises absorbing their fringe rural lands to expand their urban boundaries. Beijing is such a metropolis and in its urban peripheral, an increasing number of communities have emerged that are comprised of monotonous housing projects. However, after the basic residential living requirements are satisfied, many other problems (including lack of amenities, distance between home and workplace which is particularly concerned with long commute time, traffic congestion, and etc.) exist. New remedy plans are undertaken to mitigate such problems. Huilongguan is a typical, representative case of amenity scarcity and improvement dynamic. The initial aim of this thesis is to investigate whether planning intervention can be evaluated from a crowdsourcing perspective. Using Huilongguan as a case study, research data are obtained from the Huilongguan Community Forum and Dazhongdianping website. The addition of amenities, such as transportation, shopping malls and work zones, is examined to discover how their restructuring affects the daily lives of residents. Posts on the Huilongguan Community Forum are extracted and categorized according to a specific scheme. The distribution of posts is researched to determine the amenities that have drawn the most attention of residents of this community, as well as the reason. Based on an analysis of sequential content, the attitudes and opinions of residents with regard to amenities are collected and compared to show which amenities are the most satisfactory and those that are problematic. Finally, assessments are made to evaluate amenities from the perspective of users. Using community forum and public reviews is one approach among numerous others to evaluate planning intervention. In general, traditional evaluations investigate the outcome of planning at a certain time. However, since urbanization is a dynamic process, obtaining prolonged and real-time feedback from different interested parties has become a challenge of traditional evaluations. This thesis is an attempt at using crowdsourced data to evaluate planning intervention. Moreover, this tool provides a more transparent and less time-consuming way to analyze first-hand data in order to assess the outcome of planning. New communities such as Huilongguan are popping up throughout China. Many of these new communities face similar problems as Huilongguan. By evaluating the quality of life in Huilongguan, effective methods can be discovered for decision makers and planners to alleviate such problems.
by Meng Ren.
M.C.P.
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Jacobson, Lillian Ring. "Drawing outside the lines : participatory design in unincorporated communities." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98937.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2015.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 148-152).
Design is both a mode of communication and a collaborative process. It is a powerful tool with which to convey ideas about the built environment and unlock creativity. Yet urban planning has not harnessed design's potential to engage communities in participatory processes. Urban design has been guarded as an exclusive realm for experts rather than a shared process that utilizes the knowledge of both professionals and community members. Urban planning has long struggled to successfully involve the public in its processes, and this thesis argues that participatory design is the key to meaningful community engagement in planning. Participatory design is particularly important when planning in marginalized communities. It provides participants with a sense of ownership over their communities and exposes the manifestation of oppression in the built environment. Using Paolo Freire's idea of "consciencizacion," this thesis tests participatory design's ability to allow both designers and community members to gain critical consciousness and work towards social change together. The research for this project focuses on marginalized unincorporated communities that have been systematically excluded from city annexation practices because of their racial and socioeconomic makeup. These communities have been left under the jurisdiction of counties, lacking infrastructure, adequate emergency services, public open spaces, and sufficient political representation. This thesis also explores the impact of participatory design processes on teenagers in unincorporated communities who often bear the brunt of their communities' oppression, and are rarely consulted in planning decisions. My research concentrates on a participatory design process I conducted with high school students in a predominantly Latino unincorporated community outside of Santa Rosa, California. This community suffered a tragedy in 2013, when a 13-year-old boy was shot and killed by a Sonoma County Sheriff in a vacant lot along Moorland Avenue. The incident spurred community protests and organizing for change, and led to my involvement with the neighborhood. My work with the Santa Rosa teenagers revealed the importance of design in participatory processes. The physical act of designing unlocked students' creativity, built their capacity to think spatially and feasibly, and showed them the power of young people's voices in creating neighborhood change.
by Lillian Ring Jacobson.
M.C.P.
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Froggatt, Thomas. "Recycled railway corridors : an urban design perspective." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/40145/.
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In order to present an urban design perspective on recycled railway corridors this research considers the importance of place qualities to selected regional and neighbourhood transit contexts, also the spatial implications of a variety of certain differing transit modes are reviewed. This examination considers normative urban design criteria in relation to concepts of sustainable, transit-supportive built environments. This notion required a conceptual framework which accommodates the sophisticated and subjective aspects of regional design. Further, a visual methodology capable of accumulating significant quantities of data relevant to urban design was requisite. A qualitative case study strategy of inquiry was therefore adopted. Three UK recycled railway corridors were selected as case studies and considered independently and interdependently. This comparative analysis was predicated upon a variety of sources; archival, documentary and observational. This research uncovered urban design truths in the empirical context of recycled railway corridors. A high proportion of the instances examined in this research illustrate perfunctory urban design responses to public transit spaces, both in the regional and neighbourhood contexts. These instances were evocative of influences that prompt homogenisation in the anatomy of the built environment, with the automobile-dominated landscape showing prevalence. In these instances, normative urban design qualities were largely absent from the public realm. In lieu of these qualities ‘anywhere’ design responses, that failed to address issues of authenticity and place specificity, occupied those important spaces that relate to the public transit systems. However, this condition was not ubiquitous. This research examined instances where careful interdisciplinary ‘joined-up thinking’ has led to a set of place specific, transit supportive urban designs. Here, the opportunities inherent at the convergence of public transit systems and the human scale public realm have been taken advantage of. This has been achieved through the consideration of issues such as palimpsest, rootedness and place specificity, which have resulted in exemplars of bespoke, transit supportive urban designs.
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Johnston, Glynis. "The impact of transport infrastructure on the development of urban communities." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2013. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/8z03q/the-impact-of-transport-infrastructure-on-the-development-of-urban-communities.
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The objective of the research has been to study how the provision of transport infrastructure in an urban environment influences developers’ decisions at a local level. This entailed understanding the factors that might influence the choices that developers, land owners and potential users of the developments make and the influence that transport infrastructure has on those choices. The ultimate objective of the research has been to explore how the providers of the transport infrastructure can deliver maximum benefit to present and future local communities. The author chose to adopt a case study approach to her research as it involves direct contact with the wide range of stakeholders affected by the provision of transport infrastructure. A recent review of civil engineering research (EPSRC, 2009) stressed that human aspects and the relationship between people and infrastructure are important elements of the challenges faced, particularly those in sustainability and resilience. Three case study areas were chosen as examples of on-going regeneration projects. Two of these projects involve new transport infrastructure aimed at improving connectivity and accessibility and they provide illustrations of the impact that enhanced infrastructure has on the local community. Parallels are drawn with the relatively recently completed Jubilee Line Extension and its impacts. The literature review identified that further research was needed to find methods for mitigating negative impacts on the community of regeneration schemes especially in regard to transport infrastructure. The thesis uniquely explores these issues by using the concept of Power of Place, as originally described by Sir Neil Cossons (English Heritage, 2000), to demonstrate the importance of understanding the community value of place, and how it might be manifested in the regeneration process as an integral part of and successful delivery of transport and land use planning. Based on the literature review and the evidence obtained from the three case studies in this research a number of key drivers have been identified that are necessary for minimising the possible negative effects of regeneration projects. Collectively these drivers make up what Sir Neil Cossons termed Power of Place. Application of the concept, with its many facets, requires a multi-disciplinary approach and could aid in the creation of sustainable communities which have a sense of identity, a sense of belonging and sense of ownership
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Hansel, James R. "INFLUENCE OF URBANIZATION ON WOODY RIPARIAN PLANT COMMUNITIES." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1113852536.
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Waights, Sevrin. "Essays on the urban economics of housing and land markets." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2014. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1023/.
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This thesis is comprised of four main chapters. Although the chapters are distinct works, they are related by their focus on housing and land markets and their reliance on urban economic theory and methods. They aim to contribute to the understanding of how these spatial markets function in order to work towards an improved implementation of urban policy. In particular this thesis tries to understand how house prices are determined by demand- and supply-side factors across different scales. It provides support for the idea that at a local level prices are determined by demand, in that they compensate for differences in locational amenities. It also investigates some of the consequences of price determination such as displacement of original residents from gentrifying neighbourhoods and welfare losses as a result of planning restrictions to development. The overall message that emerges from the body of work is that urban policy should pay close attention to the way that supply and demand interact to determine prices in markets for housing and land.
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Moreno, Elizabeth Hoffecker. "Growing sustainable business communities : lessons from cities leading the way." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87520.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2014.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 167-177).
A new phenomenon has emerged over the past decade in a rising number of cities across America: what I am calling "sustainable business communities." These are place-based networks of independent, locally-owned businesses committed to generating social and environmental value in addition to economic value. They are prominent and increasingly influential players in the cities where they are largest, helping these cities progress towards sustainability goals and establish national reputations as sustainability leaders. Nevertheless, little is known about sustainable business communities within the academic and economic development literature, where they are still largely invisible despite their potential to play a significant role in helping cities achieve healthier, more sustainable, and more equitable local economies. This study starts to address this gap, examining sustainable business communities in five American cities where they have grown to prominence in recent years. Through interview-based case studies, I examine how these communities originated and grew over the past decade in each of these places, which vary significantly from each other in terms of size, geography, and urban context. The analysis in turn yields a fuller understanding of what these communities are, what their significance is, and the ways in which they have contributed to these cities' capacity to achieve large-scale, citywide sustainability and social equity goals. By exploring the common strategies and processes that have driven the growth of these five sustainable business communities to date, this study offers lessons and insights for city governments, economic development practitioners, and community members interested in learning how they can encourage and support the growth of their own sustainable business communities.
by Elizabeth Hoffecker Moreno.
M.C.P.
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Braun, Burga. "Microbiological and molecular analysis of bacterial communities of an urban soil." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://opus.kobv.de/tuberlin/volltexte/2007/1525.
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Joerin, Jonas. "Enhancing Climate-related Disaster Resilience of Urban Communities in Chennai, India." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157881.
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Caraballo, Agatha S. "The Impact of Round II Urban Empowerment Zones on Local Communities." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/719.
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In the United States, the federal Empowerment Zone (EZ) program aimed to create and retain business investment in poor communities and to encourage local hiring through the use of special tax credits, relaxed regulations, social service grants, and other incentives. My dissertation explores whether the Round II Urban EZs had a beneficial impact on local communities and what factors influenced the implementation and performance of the EZs, using three modes of inquiry.
First, linear regression models investigate whether the federal revitalization program had a statistically significant impact on the creation of new businesses and jobs in Round II Urban EZ communities. Second, location quotient and shift-share analysis are used to reveal the industry clusters in three EZ communities that experienced positive business and job growth. Third, qualitative analysis is employed to explore factors that influenced the implementation and performance of EZs in general, and in particular, Miami-Dade County, Florida.
The results show an EZ’s presence failed to have a significant influence on local business and job growth. In communities that experienced a beneficial impact from EZs, there has been a pattern of decline in manufacturing companies and increase in service-driven firms. The case study suggests that institutional factors, such as governance structure, leadership, administrative capacity, and community participation have affected the effectiveness of the program’s implementation and performance.
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Kinderman, Dennis J. "Intentional communities for lay leadership development in the black urban context." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1987. http://www.tren.com.
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