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Journal articles on the topic 'Urban common'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 14 March 2023

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1

Colding, Johan, Stephan Barthel, Pim Bendt, Robbert Snep, Wim van der Knaap, and Henrik Ernstson. "Urban green commons: Insights on urban common property systems." Global Environmental Change 23, no. 5 (October 2013): 1039–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.05.006.

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2

Webb, Dan. "Urban Common Property." Radical Philosophy Review 17, no. 2 (2014): 371–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/radphilrev20131291.

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3

Okulicz-Kozaryn, Adam, and Rubia R. Valente. "Urban unhappiness is common." Cities 118 (November 2021): 103368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103368.

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4

Czornik, Małgorzata. "Creators of urban common goods." Studia Miejskie, no. 28 (2017): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/sm2017.028.03.

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5

Ferreri, Mara. "Common spaces of urban emancipation." Housing Studies 35, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 567–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2020.1727631.

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6

Kapsali, Matina, and Maria Karagianni. "Book review: Common Space: The City as Commons." Urban Studies 54, no. 11 (June 21, 2017): 2674–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017713556.

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7

Guo, Weisi. "Common statistical patterns in urban terrorism." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 9 (September 25, 2019): 190645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190645.

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The underlying reasons behind modern terrorism are seemingly complex and intangible. Despite diverse causal mechanisms, research has shown that there exists general statistical patterns at the global scale that can shed light on human confrontation behaviour. While many policing and counter-terrorism operations are conducted at a city level, there has been a lack of research in building city-level resolution prediction engines based on statistical patterns. For the first time, the paper shows that there exist general commonalities between global cities under frequent terrorist attacks. By examining over 30 000 geo-tagged terrorism acts over 7000 cities worldwide from 2002 to today, the results show the following. All cities experience attacks A that are uncorrelated to the population and separated by a time interval t that is negative exponentially distributed with a death-toll per attack that follows a power-law distribution. The prediction parameters yield a high confidence of explaining up to 87% of the variations in frequency and 89% in the death-toll data. These findings show that the aggregate statistical behaviour of terror attacks are seemingly random and memoryless for all global cities. They enabled the author to develop a data-driven city-specific prediction system, and we quantify its information-theoretic uncertainty and information loss. Further analysis shows that there appears to be an increase in the uncertainty over the predictability of attacks, challenging our ability to develop effective counter-terrorism capabilities.

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8

Ramsay, Sarah. "C neoformans common in urban children." Lancet 357, no. 9267 (May 2001): 1507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04709-7.

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9

Marella, Maria Rosaria. "The Law of the Urban Common(s)." South Atlantic Quarterly 118, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 877–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00382876-7825672.

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Cities are quintessentially human and collective products. All urban space is the product of social cooperation. Therefore not just the “public” space but the metropolis as a whole must be considered as a commons. This assumption is not neutral from a legal point of view. It raises the question of whether private property of urban land is compatible with the conception of urban space as commons. The answer depends on how much we can push on the disintegration of property to expand the perspective of collective entitlements on urban resources against the commodification and new enclosures of urban space. Drawing on a legal realist approach to property, it is possible to dissolve the unitary conception of ownership into a bundle of rights. This article is a first attempt to enfranchise urban property as a legal form from its fate of being a mere boundary between the haves and the have-nots and revisit its role in the construction of social relations of production within the metropolis.

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10

Ryabev, A. A., and V. S. Salii. "Recreation and Urban Tourism: A Common Problem and the Prospect for Solving." Business Inform 11, no. 526 (2021): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-11-205-210.

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One of the main rapidly developing directions of tourism both in the world and in Ukraine in particular is urban tourism. As centuries ago, so nowadays, the cities are the goal of many travels, and the territorial recreational systems based on them are the most developed ones, which is explained by the high concentration of tourism resources in a conventionally limited space. Despite all this, in the sphere of urban tourism in terms of a territorial recreational system there is an uneven provision of recreational demand for communication with nature due to the insufficient number of natural recreational objects. As a solution to the common problem for recreation and urban tourism, it is proposed to implement a number of measures consistently both at the State level and at the level of local authorities or local self-government bodies, namely: to create conditions under which private and communal enterprises would be interested in the creation and development of natural recreational formations in the form of parks, gardens, squares, embankments. The program for the development of natural recreational spaces in cities – i.e., tourism centers – envisages that private and communal enterprises that will create these natural recreational spaces will carry out reconstructions of the already existing formations and will have the opportunity to engage in such natural recreational formations with commercial activities related to the organization of the provision of recreational services. In addition, it is important to strengthen the State supervision over compliance with the State sanitary rules for planning and development of settlements, because, in terms of landscaping, large cities of Ukraine have long failed to meet the requirements. At this, one considers appropriate to involve scientific and educational institutions related to tourism and recreation in the design of these natural recreational formations, which will allow to implement tourism in the city on not only practical, but also on scientific basis. It is believed that in case of materialization of the proposed program, the city will receive additional centers of attraction for tourists, which, in turn, will have positive consequences for the further development of cities as centers of tourism and recreation.

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11

Lee Sang Bong. "Urban and the Common: Exploring the Alternative Common in Post-modern Times." Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences ll, no. 51 (May 2016): 5–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17939/hushss.2016..51.001.

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12

SHARMA, NANDESHAR. "URBAN-REGIONAL PLANNING HOW TO DEAL WITH COMMON PROBLEMS AND COMMON THEMES." Annals of the National Association of Geographers India 40, no. 1 (October 10, 2020): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32381/atnagi.2020.40.01.3.

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13

Redfern, Thomas W., Neil Macdonald, Thomas R. Kjeldsen, James D. Miller, and Nick Reynard. "Current understanding of hydrological processes on common urban surfaces." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 40, no. 5 (August 3, 2016): 699–713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133316652819.

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Understanding the rainfall-runoff behaviour of urban land surfaces is an important scientific and practical issue as storm water management policies increasingly aim to manage flood risk at local scales within urban areas, whilst controlling the quality and quantity of runoff that reaches receiving water bodies. By reviewing field measurements reported within the literature on runoff, infiltration, evaporation and storage on common urban surfaces, this study describes a complex hydrological behaviour with greater rates of infiltration than often assumed, contradicting a commonly adopted, but simplified classification of the hydrological properties of urban surfaces. This shows that the term impervious surface, or impermeable surface, referring to all constructed surfaces (e.g. roads, roofs, footpaths, etc.) is inaccurate and potentially misleading. The hydrological character of urban surfaces is not stable through time, with both short (seasonal) and long term (decadal) changes in hydrological behaviour, as surfaces respond to variations in seasonal characteristics and degradation in surface condition. At present these changing factors are not widely incorporated into hydrological modelling or urban surface water management planning, with static values describing runoff and assumptions of imperviousness often used. Developing a greater understanding of the linkages between urban surfaces and hydrological behaviour will improve the representation of diverse urban landscapes within hydrological models.

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14

Katamadze, Salome, and Duccio Fantoni. "Common steps. A prototype for urban landscape regeneration." Ri-Vista. Research for landscape architecture 19, no. 2 (January 27, 2022): 190–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/rv-11438.

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The research concentrates on the difficulties of defining a city by the dichotomy of public and private spaces, as these categories are often ambiguous in terms of use of space, land property and limits. These urban phenomena of uncertainty have been significantly increased after the drastic switch from socialism to privatization in the post-Soviet countries, afterwards resulting as a spontaneous and uncontrolled urban tissue.The study focuses on the capital of Georgia, Tbilisi, where, by developing site-specific projects for the neglected urban fragments, finds the opportunity to reflect on the role of public space in the contemporary city. The contradictions of a post-Soviet city demonstrate the difficulties to operate with large scale actions. However, it still suggests the possibility to modify the urban condition through punctual interventions. The architectural proposal has been developed in the frameworks of Tbilisi Architecture Biennial 2020 on the topic of Commonness.

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15

Lyon, David. "Review of Stoddart’s The Common Gaze: Surveillance and the Common Good." Surveillance & Society 20, no. 2 (June 15, 2022): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v20i2.15624.

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16

Sedláček, Ondřej, and Roman Fuchs. "Breeding Site Fidelity in Urban Common RedstartsPhoenicurus phoenicurus." Ardea 96, no. 2 (October 2008): 261–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5253/078.096.0211.

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17

Xu, Wei Xiang, and Hu Cheng Yang. "Urban Common Delivery Model Analysis and System Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 339 (July 2013): 772–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.339.772.

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Under the e-commerce environment, the increasing competition in the logistics market has been obviously. As the main force of Chinese logistics market, the small and medium-sized logistics enterprises who want to achieve further development should implement the common delivery, which has been turned out to be the short way to improve logistics efficiency, to enhance the competitiveness of enterprises and typically to optimize the allocation of resource. This paper proposes a new type of common delivery mode, the uniqueness of which is that it integrates the existing model while dealing with the decentralized urban common delivery management problem. The paper also proposes a new design step in the design of the common delivery system, and as the result of the simulation with the software Flexsim, the design, which also has the potential to coordinate the behaviors in decentralized supply chain environments, can meet the needs of a large number of goods.

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18

Oliveira, Vítor. "Our common future’ in urban morphology V. Oliveira." Urban Morphology 15, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.51347/jum.v15i1.4532.

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19

Hamilton, Marilyn. "Integral metamap creates common language for urban change." Journal of Organizational Change Management 19, no. 3 (May 2006): 276–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09534810610668319.

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20

Mirza, I. "Common mental disorders in urban v. rural Pakistan." British Journal of Psychiatry 178, no. 5 (May 2001): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.178.5.475-a.

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21

CESTARI, LAURA. "Rural and Urban Nurses Are on Common Ground." Home Healthcare Nurse 19, no. 1 (January 2001): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004045-200101000-00022.

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22

Palmer, K. R., D. H. Patil, G. S. Basran, J. F. Riordan, and D. B. Silk. "Abdominal tuberculosis in urban Britain--a common disease." Gut 26, no. 12 (December 1, 1985): 1296–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gut.26.12.1296.

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23

Spaulding, Ryan, Sharon Cain, and Ken Sonnenschein. "Urban Telepsychiatry: Uncommon Service for a Common Need." Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 20, no. 1 (January 2011): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2010.08.010.

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24

Rury, Johnl. "Race and Common School Reform." Urban Education 20, no. 4 (January 1986): 473–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004208598602000406.

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25

Conroy, Susan. "Cabramatta common." Australian Planner 41, no. 3 (January 2004): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07293682.2004.9982365.

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26

Storper, Michael, and Allen J Scott. "Debates atuais sobre a teoria urbana: uma avaliação crítica/Current debates in urban theory: A critical assessment." Geografares, no. 27 (November 28, 2018): 30–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7147/geo27.22001.

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Os estudos urbanos atualmente são marcados por muitos debates ativos. Em um artigo anterior, abordamos alguns desses debates propondo um conceito fundamental de urbanização e de forma urbana para identificar uma linguagem comum para a pesquisa urbana. No presente trabalho, faremos uma breve recapitulação desse quadro. Utilizaremos então este material preliminar como base para uma crítica das três versões atualmente mais influentes da análise urbana, a saber, a teoria urbana pós-colonial, as abordagens teóricas do agenciamento e da urbanização planetária. Nós avaliaremos cada uma dessas versões e cada uma delas pretende ser considerada a melhor abordagem sobre as realidades urbanas. Faremos a crítica de: a) teoria urbana pós-colonial, por seu particularismo e sua insistência na provincianização do conhecimento, b) abordagens teóricas do agenciamento, por sua indeterminação e ecletismo, e c) urbanização planetária, pela desvalorização radical das forças de aglomeração e de nodalidade na geografia urbano-econômica.Palavras-chave: Teoria da aglomeração, teoria do agenciamento, teoria da urbanização planetária, urbanismo pós-colonial, teoria urbanaABSTRACTUrban studies today is marked by many active debates. In an earlier paper, we addressed some of these debates by proposing a foundational concept of urbanisation and urban form as a way of identifying a common language for urban research. In the present paper we provide a brief recapitulation of that framework. We then use this preliminary material as background to a critique of three currently influential versions of urban analysis, namely, postcolonial urban theory, assemblage theoretic approaches and planetary urbanism. We evaluate each of these versions in turn and find them seriously wanting as statements about urban realities.We criticise (a) postcolonial urban theory for its particularism and its insistence on the provincialisation of knowledge, (b) assemblage theoretic approaches for their indeterminacy and eclecticism and (c) planetary urbanism for its radical devaluation of the forces of agglomeration and nodality in urban-economic geography.Keywords: agglomeration theory, assemblage theory, planetary urbanisation theory, post-colonial urbanism, urban theory.

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27

Gilmour, Daniel, and Edward Simpson. "Urban regeneration indicators: a proxy for assessing common good." Emerald Open Research 3 (May 26, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.35241/emeraldopenres.14099.1.

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Public realm urban regeneration projects aim to provide facilities for the common good such as improved road systems, public parks, museums and cultural institutions. Driven by political priorities, the expected benefits for society comprise of the proposed regeneration outcomes articulated in a masterplan vision. As a philosophical concept, common good in the context of urban regeneration is explored in this study to understand the expectations for major, long-term regeneration projects and the intended project objectives. In the approach to governance, there should be a relationship between monitoring indicators adopted by the regeneration project as part of the governance framework and their alignment with the common good. These concepts are analysed through a case study of the development and reporting of benchmark indicators established at the start of a major 20-year urban redevelopment in 2010. The monitoring and enhancement concept implemented required indicators to be developed and embedded in the regeneration process to, not only monitor, but also enhance sustainability. The longitudinal case study, at the interim point 10 years since the establishment of these indicators, will evaluate the sustainability of the urban regeneration and evaluate current evidence for the common good. The indicators were developed following the principles of a theme orientated framework in line with the UK and Scottish Government approach at that time. The process of indicator development was iterative, refined and finalised through working closely with local authority, Scottish Enterprise and partnership stakeholders (civic oriented organisations) to capture evidence of progress towards the masterplan vision. Ten years on, conclusions examine whether these indicators could be used a proxy for common good. The conclusion will identify the extent to which we would need to revise indicators to address any gaps to become a more accurate measure of common good.

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28

Kim, Soomi. "Common Spaces of Multi-Commercial Complexes from Urban Sustainability." Sustainability 9, no. 8 (July 31, 2017): 1336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su9081336.

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29

Jenkins, Rachel, Joseph Mbatia, Nicola Singleton, and Bethany White. "Common Mental Disorders and Risk Factors in Urban Tanzania." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 7, no. 6 (June 14, 2010): 2543–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph7062543.

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30

Oswald, Alastair, and Mitchell Pollington. "Commonplace Activities: Walmgate Stray, an Urban Common in York." Landscapes 13, no. 2 (November 2012): 45–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/lan.2012.13.2.004.

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31

Carlitz, Robert D., and Mario Zinga. "Creating common knowledge: school networking in an urban setting." Internet Research 7, no. 4 (December 1997): 274–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/10662249710187277.

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32

Cheng, Z., D. S. Richmond, S. O. Salminen, and P. S. Grewal. "Ecology of urban lawns under three common management programs." Urban Ecosystems 11, no. 2 (January 31, 2008): 177–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11252-008-0048-9.

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33

Collins, Jane. "The urban public sector as commons." Focaal 2013, no. 66 (June 1, 2013): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2013.660114.

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Susser and Tonnelat’s article on the three urban commons is both visionary and heartening. Its counterpastoral polemic glorifies urban modes of sociality and the forms of common property fostered by urban life. The authors find in cities communities of experience that cross class lines and create inadvertent coalitions around shared problems. They argue that specific components of what has been called “the right to the city” need to be understood as “commons”—collective property that is neither fully public nor private but shared by individuals as they go about everyday life in urban settings.

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34

Parker, Simon. "Communities in common." City 9, no. 1 (April 2005): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13604810500050351.

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35

Ling, G., C. S. Ho, and H. M. Ali. "Institutional property rights structure, common pool resource (CPR), tragedy of the urban commons: A Review." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 18 (February 25, 2014): 012184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/18/1/012184.

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36

Pikus, Ewa, Radosław Włodarczyk, Jan Jedlikowski, and Piotr Minias. "Urbanization processes drive divergence at the major histocompatibility complex in a common waterbird." PeerJ 9 (October 5, 2021): e12264. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12264.

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Urban sprawl is one of the most common landscape alterations occurring worldwide, and there is a growing list of species that are recognised to have adapted to urban life. To be successful, processes of urban colonization by wildlife require a broad spectrum of phenotypic (e.g., behavioural or physiological) adjustments, but evidence for genetic adaptations is much scarcer. One hypothesis proposes that different pathogen-driven selective pressures between urban and non-urban landscapes leads to adaptations in host immune genes. Here, we examined urbanization-related differentiation at the key pathogen-recognition genes of vertebrate adaptive immunity-the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-in a common waterbird, the Eurasian coot (Fulica atra). Samples were collected from an old urban population (established before the 1950s), a new urban population (established in the 2000s), and two rural populations from central Poland. We found strong significant divergence (as measured with Jost’s D) at the MHC class II between the old urban population and the remaining (new urban and rural) populations. Also, there was a moderate, but significant divergence at the MHC between the new urban population and two rural populations, while no divergence was found between the two rural populations. The total number of MHC alleles and the number of private (population-specific) MHC alleles was lower in old urban populations, as compared to the rural ones. These patterns of differentiation at the MHC were not consistent with patterns found for neutral genetic markers (microsatellites), which showed few differences between the populations. Our results indicate that MHC allele composition depended on the level of anthropogenic disturbance and the time which passed since urban colonization, possibly due to the processes of genotype sorting and local adaptation. As such, our study contributes to the understanding of genetic mechanisms associated with urbanization processes in wildlife.

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37

Zhai, Chang, Zhonghui Zhang, Guangdao Bao, Dan Zhang, Ting Liu, Jiaqi Chen, Mingming Ding, Ruoxuan Geng, and Ning Fang. "Comparing the Urban Floods Resistance of Common Tree Species in Winter City Parks." Land 11, no. 12 (December 9, 2022): 2247. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122247.

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The rapid urbanization process and high-intensity construction mode have greatly changed the underlying surface structure and spatial distribution of the natural land surface, further amplified the possibility of urban floods, and made urban security face more serious threats. Urban forest could help to mitigate urban floods through water holding and interception by its unique structures, especially the litter layer. This paper compared the ability of different forest tree species on urban floods mitigation, through analyzing their litter accumulation, litter water holding characteristics, and water interception features of different decomposed layers. The results concluded that Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. (QM) forest, Betula platyphylla Sukaczev (BP) forest, Larix gmelinii (Rupr.) Kuzen. (LG) forest, and Picea koraiensis Nakai (PK) forest were the best choices for improving urban floods resistance in a high-urbanization winter city, for they had larger litter mass and higher maximum water holding and interception capacity. The corresponding results of this study could help environmental management departments worldwide in the selection of tree species in urban greening projects focusing on urban flood control.

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38

Rahmasuha, S., M. Lukitasari, Fauziyah, N. Jadid, R. Ramadhan, and D. Hidayati. "Virtual Screening of Alpha Glucosidase Inhibition Using Common-Urban Herbs in Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 977, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012089. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/977/1/012089.

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Abstract Indonesia as a mega-biodiversity country have rich potential of herbal medicine that can growth easily at rural and urban area. Recently, Indonesian urban people are encouraged to have their own family herb plants namely tanaman obat keluarga or TOGA, which can increasing the health quality as well as economically. The urban herbs that are commonly planted may have esthetical and medical purposes. However the common urban herbs for medical purposes have not been proved yet scientifically. The objective of this study was to screening virtually the antidiabetic potential of bioactive compounds in common-urban herbs including Catharanthus roseus, Peperomia pellucida, Areta catechu, Physalis angulata, Apium graveolens, Imperata cylindrica, and Cassia siamea. Based on the references we selected the candidate of bioactives that contained in those common urban herbs such as Lochnerine, Cylindrene, Dihydroquercetin, Limonene, Vindolidine, Withangulatin-A, and Yohimbine. The selected bioactives were performed as ligands which their 3D structure were searched from the database of Pubchem prior to molecular docking analysis toward alpha glucosidase using PyRx method. Among the selected bioactives from common urban herbs, we found that withangulatin-A from Physalis angulata has the highest potential of antidiabetic medicine herbal via alpha glucosidase inhibition.

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39

Durán-Hermida, Martín. "IDENTIFICACIÓN, UBICACIÓN Y CATEGORIZACIÓN DE ESPACIOS COLECTIVOS QUE ROMPEN LA REGULARIDAD DE UNA CUADRÍCULA URBANA: ANÁLISIS DE 25 MANZANAS DEL CENTRO HISTÓRICO DE CUENCA." DISEÑO ARTE Y ARQUITECTURA, no. 10 (June 10, 2021): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.33324/daya.v1i10.385.

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ResumenEl Centro Histórico de Cuenca, como todas las ciudades hispanoamericanas fundadas por los españoles, está configurado por una cuadrícula, un tejido urbano regular aparentemente repetitivo. Este artículo analiza 25 manzanas del Centro Histórico, identifica y ubica aquellos elementos que rompen la regularidad de esta cuadrícula, mediante un mapeo del área de estudio que diferencia el espacio privado del colectivo. Posteriormente, se busca en estos espacios, características espaciales comunes, que permitan categorizarlos. Finalmente, se describe la configuración espacial de cada categoría, tomando como base los elementos de delimitación del espacio -recinto, portal, aula- y sus posibles combinaciones. Se identifican así 27 ejemplos de espacios, agrupados en seis categorías; las cuales que pueden servir para analizar otros casos de estudio con distintos tejidos urbanos, escalas y diversidad espacial. Palabras clave: Cuadrícula urbana, espacio colectivo, forma urbana, tejido urbano, diversidad espacial. AbstractThe Historic Center of Cuenca, as every American city founded by the Spaniards, has been developed over an urban grid -an apparently repetitive regular urban fabric-. This article analyzed twenty-five blocks of the Historic Center, identified and located elements that break this grid regularity, through a mapping that distinguished the private form the collective spaces in the study area. Subsequently, it sought for common spatial characteristics in these spaces that allowed them to be categorized. Finally, the spatial configuration of each category was described, based on the space delimitation elements -recinto, portal, aula- and their possible combinations. As a result of this process, twenty-seven examples of spaces grouped into six categories were identified. These categories can be useful in order to analyze other case studies, with different urban tissues, scales and diversity. Keywords: Urban grid, collective space, urban form, urban fabric, spatial diversity

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40

Bickel, Robert, and Martha J. Chang. "Public schools, private schools, and the common school ideal." Urban Review 17, no. 2 (1985): 75–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01108250.

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41

Rouse, Jonathan R. "Seeking common ground for people: Livelihoods, governance and waste." Habitat International 30, no. 4 (December 2006): 741–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.habitatint.2005.09.001.

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42

J Scott, Allen, and Michael Storper. "A natureza das cidades: a abrangência e os limites da teoria urbana/ THE NATURE OF CITIES: The Scope and Limits of Urban Theory." Geografares, no. 27 (November 28, 2018): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7147/geo27.21999.

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Há um crescente debate nas últimas décadas sobre o alcance e a substância da teoria urbana. O debate tem sido marcado por muitas afirmações diferentes sobre a natureza das cidades, incluindo declarações de que o urbano é um conceito incoerente, que a sociedade urbana é nada menos do que a sociedade moderna como um todo, que a escala urbana não pode mais ser separada da escala global, e que a teoria urbana até então tem sido profundamente viciada por sua concentração quase exclusiva nas cidades do Norte global. Este artigo fornece alguns pontos de esclarecimento às afirmações como estas. Todas as cidades podem ser entendidas em termos de um quadro teórico que combina dois processos principais, a saber, a dinâmica de aglomeração/polarização e o desdobramento de um nexo associado de localização, usos da terra e de interações humanas. Este mesmo quadro pode ser usado para identificar uma grande variedade de cidades e para distinguir os fenômenos intrinsecamente urbanos do resto da realidade social. A discussão, assim, identifica as dimensões comuns de todas as cidades sem, por um lado, exagerar a abrangência da teoria urbana, ou, por outro lado, sem afirmar que cada cidade individual é um caso especial irredutível.Palavras-chave: urbanização, nexo da terra urbana, teoria urbana, história urbana, economia urbana, aglomeração. ABSTRACTThere has been a growing debate in recent decades about the range and substance of urban theory. The debate has been marked by many different claims about the nature of cities, including declarations that the urban is an incoherent concept, that urban society is nothing less than modern society as a whole, that the urban scale can no longer be separated from the global scale, and that urban theory hitherto has been deeply vitiated by its almost exclusive concentration on the cities of the global North. This article offers some points of clarification of claims like these. All cities can be understood in terms of a theoretical framework that combines two main processes, namely, the dynamics of agglomeration/polarization, and the unfolding of an associated nexus of locations, land uses and human interactions. This same framework can be used to identify many different varieties of cities, and to distinguish intrinsically urban phenomena from the rest of social reality. The discussion thus identifies the common dimensions of all cities without, on the one hand, exaggerating the scope of urban theory, or on the other hand, asserting that every individual city is an irreducible special case.Keywords: urbanization, urban land nexus, urban theory, urban history, urban economy, agglomeration.

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Hiebert, James. "Children's Knowledge of Common and Decimal Fractions." Education and Urban Society 17, no. 4 (August 1985): 427–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013124585017004006.

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Mehaffy, Michael. "Public Space in the New Urban Agenda. A Global Perspective on Our Common Urban Future." Journal of Public Space, Vol. 4 n. 4 (December 31, 2019): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32891/jps.v4i4.1236.

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This article is a report on the work of our group, the Centre for the Future of Places at KTH Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, and its role as an outgrowth of the Future of Places initiative – a partnership of UN-Habitat, the Ax:son Johnson Foundation, and the Project for Public Spaces. The original Future of Places initiative was a series of high-level conferences that brought together over 1,500 researchers, professionals, government leaders and activists from 275 organizations in 100 countries. The Future of Places also served as the first Urban Thinkers Campus, contributing to Habitat III and the language of its outcome document, the New Urban Agenda (United Nations, 2017). A primary focus of our series was the central role of public space as the connective framework for healthy urbanization – a point we made clear in the introduction to our “Key Messages” document: The Future of Places affirms the role of public spaces as the essential connective network on which healthy cities and human settlements grow and prosper. Public spaces enable synergistic interaction and exchange, creativity and delight, and the transfer of knowledge and skills. Public spaces can help residents to improve their prosperity, health, happiness and wellbeing, and to enrich their social relations and cultural life... (Future of Places, 2019).

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Zuddas, Francesco. "Stavros Stavrides 2016: Common Space: The City as Commons . London: Zed Books." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 42, no. 6 (November 2018): 1153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12717.

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Perona Alonso, María. "Integración de los servicios ecosistémicos en la planificación urbana: los ríos urbanos." Territorios en formación, no. 12 (December 19, 2017): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.20868/tf.2017.12.3649.

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ResumenEsta investigación parte de la necesidad de poner el foco en los servicios que los ecosistemas pueden llegar a ofrecer en las áreas urbanas tomando en este caso, a los ríos como elemento clave en la planificación urbana. Desde este enfoque, se propone un análisis general de la relación entre el río, la ciudad y los ciudadanos, a través de las estrategias y técnicas de gestión de los entornos fluviales urbanos, los servicios ecosistémicos y el bienestar humano. Asimilando de este modo conceptos propios de la ecología y el urbanismo, y traduciéndolos a un lenguaje común y simplificado. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que la integración es la hoja de ruta a seguir en el camino hacia la ciudad habitable. Palabras clave Servicios ecosistémicos, ecosistema urbano, río urbano, estrategia hidráulica, estrategia ambiental, bienestar humanoAbstractThis part of the investigation of the need to focus on the services that ecosystems can reach urban areas, taking in this case urban rivers as an important element in urban planning. From this approach, a general analysis of the relationship between the river, the city and the citizens is proposed, through the strategies and techniques of management of urban river environments, ecosystem services and human welfare. Assimilating, in this way, concepts proper to Ecology and Urbanism, and translating them into a common and simplified language. The results obtained from the integration of the road map to follow on the way to the habitable city. KeywordsEcosystem services, urban ecosystem, urban river, hydraulic strategy, environmental strategy, human welfare

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Lowe, Jeffrey S. "On Common Ground." Journal of the American Planning Association 88, no. 2 (November 24, 2021): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01944363.2021.1989962.

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Lofland, Lyn H. "Book Review: Common Ground? Readings and Reflections on Public Space." City & Community 9, no. 4 (December 2010): 443–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6040.2010.01342.x.

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Gorton, Amanda J., David A. Moeller, and Peter Tiffin. "Little plant, big city: a test of adaptation to urban environments in common ragweed ( Ambrosia artemisiifolia )." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1881 (June 27, 2018): 20180968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.0968.

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A full understanding of how cities shape adaptation requires characterizing genetically-based phenotypic and fitness differences between urban and rural populations under field conditions. We used a reciprocal transplant experiment with the native plant common ragweed, ( Ambrosia artemisiifolia ), and found that urban and rural populations have diverged in flowering time, a trait that strongly affects fitness. Although urban populations flowered earlier than rural populations, plants growing in urban field sites flowered later than plants in rural field sites. This counter-gradient variation is consistent adaptive divergence between urban and rural populations. Also consistent with local adaptation, both urban and rural genotypes experienced stronger net selection in the foreign than in the local habitat, but this pattern was not significant for male fitness. Despite the evidence for local adaptation, rural populations had higher lifetime fitness at all sites, suggesting that selection has been stronger or more uniform in rural than urban populations. We also found that inter-population differences in both flowering time and fitness tended to be greater among urban than rural populations, which is consistent with greater drift or spatial variation in selection within urban environments. In summary, our results are consistent with adaptive divergence of urban and rural populations, but also suggest there may be greater environmental heterogeneity in urban environments which also affects evolution in urban landscapes.

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Agarwal, Vertika, Seema Jain, Sunil Kumar Garg, Ganesh Singh, and Chhaya Mittal. "Common Mental Disorders and Its Socio-Demographic Correlates Among Women Of Reproductive Age In Urban And Rural Area Of Meerut." Indian Journal of Community Health 32, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i02.011.

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Background: Common Mental disorders are distress states manifesting with anxiety, depressive and unexplained somatic symptoms categorized as ‘neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders’ in ICD-10. These are 2-3 times more common in women than in men and also more in urban area than rural. Women of reproductive age are at higher risk especially those with social disadvantage, low income and low education. Aims & Objectives: To assess the prevalence of common mental disorders and associated socio-demographic factors among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) residing in urban and rural area of Meerut. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study done in urban and rural area of Meerut from June 2018 to October 2019. 267 women in reproductive age (15-49years) were interviewed in urban as well as rural area using a predesigned pretested questionnaire regarding socio-demographic profile. Self- Reporting Questionnaire-20 was used to determine presence of common mental disorders. Results: Overall prevalence of common mental disorders among women of reproductive age group was 19.8%(106) with 24.2%(65) in urban and 15.4%(41) in rural area. Statistical analysis revealed that various socio-demographic variables like belonging to urban area (24.2%),being widowed/separated (urban-85.7%;rural-75.0%), belonging to broken family(urban-54.5%%; rural-58.3%), being employed(urban-39.6%;rural-33.3%) and lower socio-economic status(urban-54.5%;rural-40.0%) were significantly associated with presence of common mental disorders. In urban women increasing age was also associated with common mental disorders. Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of common mental disorders in both urban and rural area and a significant association with various socio-demographic variables.

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