Academic literature on the topic 'Urban common'
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Journal articles on the topic "Urban common"
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Colding, Johan, Stephan Barthel, Pim Bendt, Robbert Snep, Wim van der Knaap, and Henrik Ernstson. "Urban green commons: Insights on urban common property systems." Global Environmental Change 23, no. 5 (October 2013): 1039–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2013.05.006.
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Webb, Dan. "Urban Common Property." Radical Philosophy Review 17, no. 2 (2014): 371–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/radphilrev20131291.
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Okulicz-Kozaryn, Adam, and Rubia R. Valente. "Urban unhappiness is common." Cities 118 (November 2021): 103368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2021.103368.
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Czornik, Małgorzata. "Creators of urban common goods." Studia Miejskie, no. 28 (2017): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/sm2017.028.03.
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Ferreri, Mara. "Common spaces of urban emancipation." Housing Studies 35, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 567–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02673037.2020.1727631.
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Kapsali, Matina, and Maria Karagianni. "Book review: Common Space: The City as Commons." Urban Studies 54, no. 11 (June 21, 2017): 2674–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017713556.
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Guo, Weisi. "Common statistical patterns in urban terrorism." Royal Society Open Science 6, no. 9 (September 25, 2019): 190645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.190645.
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The underlying reasons behind modern terrorism are seemingly complex and intangible. Despite diverse causal mechanisms, research has shown that there exists general statistical patterns at the global scale that can shed light on human confrontation behaviour. While many policing and counter-terrorism operations are conducted at a city level, there has been a lack of research in building city-level resolution prediction engines based on statistical patterns. For the first time, the paper shows that there exist general commonalities between global cities under frequent terrorist attacks. By examining over 30 000 geo-tagged terrorism acts over 7000 cities worldwide from 2002 to today, the results show the following. All cities experience attacks A that are uncorrelated to the population and separated by a time interval t that is negative exponentially distributed with a death-toll per attack that follows a power-law distribution. The prediction parameters yield a high confidence of explaining up to 87% of the variations in frequency and 89% in the death-toll data. These findings show that the aggregate statistical behaviour of terror attacks are seemingly random and memoryless for all global cities. They enabled the author to develop a data-driven city-specific prediction system, and we quantify its information-theoretic uncertainty and information loss. Further analysis shows that there appears to be an increase in the uncertainty over the predictability of attacks, challenging our ability to develop effective counter-terrorism capabilities.
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Ramsay, Sarah. "C neoformans common in urban children." Lancet 357, no. 9267 (May 2001): 1507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(00)04709-7.
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Marella, Maria Rosaria. "The Law of the Urban Common(s)." South Atlantic Quarterly 118, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 877–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00382876-7825672.
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Cities are quintessentially human and collective products. All urban space is the product of social cooperation. Therefore not just the “public” space but the metropolis as a whole must be considered as a commons. This assumption is not neutral from a legal point of view. It raises the question of whether private property of urban land is compatible with the conception of urban space as commons. The answer depends on how much we can push on the disintegration of property to expand the perspective of collective entitlements on urban resources against the commodification and new enclosures of urban space. Drawing on a legal realist approach to property, it is possible to dissolve the unitary conception of ownership into a bundle of rights. This article is a first attempt to enfranchise urban property as a legal form from its fate of being a mere boundary between the haves and the have-nots and revisit its role in the construction of social relations of production within the metropolis.
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Ryabev, A. A., and V. S. Salii. "Recreation and Urban Tourism: A Common Problem and the Prospect for Solving." Business Inform 11, no. 526 (2021): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-11-205-210.
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One of the main rapidly developing directions of tourism both in the world and in Ukraine in particular is urban tourism. As centuries ago, so nowadays, the cities are the goal of many travels, and the territorial recreational systems based on them are the most developed ones, which is explained by the high concentration of tourism resources in a conventionally limited space. Despite all this, in the sphere of urban tourism in terms of a territorial recreational system there is an uneven provision of recreational demand for communication with nature due to the insufficient number of natural recreational objects. As a solution to the common problem for recreation and urban tourism, it is proposed to implement a number of measures consistently both at the State level and at the level of local authorities or local self-government bodies, namely: to create conditions under which private and communal enterprises would be interested in the creation and development of natural recreational formations in the form of parks, gardens, squares, embankments. The program for the development of natural recreational spaces in cities – i.e., tourism centers – envisages that private and communal enterprises that will create these natural recreational spaces will carry out reconstructions of the already existing formations and will have the opportunity to engage in such natural recreational formations with commercial activities related to the organization of the provision of recreational services. In addition, it is important to strengthen the State supervision over compliance with the State sanitary rules for planning and development of settlements, because, in terms of landscaping, large cities of Ukraine have long failed to meet the requirements. At this, one considers appropriate to involve scientific and educational institutions related to tourism and recreation in the design of these natural recreational formations, which will allow to implement tourism in the city on not only practical, but also on scientific basis. It is believed that in case of materialization of the proposed program, the city will receive additional centers of attraction for tourists, which, in turn, will have positive consequences for the further development of cities as centers of tourism and recreation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urban common"
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Eymann, Jutta. "Management of urban common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula)." Doctoral thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/6.
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Thesis by publication -- 8 co-authored articles.Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences.
Includes bibliographical references.
Preface -- Management issues of urban common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula): a loved or hated neighbour -- Effects of deslorelin implants on reproduction in the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) -- Brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in metropolotan Sydney: population biology and response to contraceptive implants -- Strategic survey for Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) from urban Sydney, Australia -- Leptospirosis serology in the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) from urban Sydney, Australia -- Conclusions.
The common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is indeed a common inhabitant of many Australian citites, and one of the few marsupials that has adapted well to the urban environment. Their close proximity to people provides a great opportunity to experience native wildlife in the backyard, however, their utilization of house roofs, bold behaviour and appetite for garden plants often leads to conflict with householders. Population numbers are sufficiently high to require ongoing management to minimise negative impacts for humans and brushtail possums alike in a socially acceptable manner. The aim of this thesis was to identify current management issues and address the need for improved and novel management strategies. The potential of slow-release implants, containing the GnRH agonist deslorelin, as a contraceptive agent for brushtail possums was tested on a captive population. Males appeared resistant to treatment, but deslorelin was found to inhibit reproduction in female brushtail possums for at least one breeding season, making it a promising tool to control fertility in some wild populations. A further aim was to trial deslorelin implants on a wild urban population, to collect more information about the urban biology of this species and to point out issues which have previously not been addressed. Close proximity and interaction of urban brushtail possums with humans and their domestic animals can increase the risk of disease exposure and transmission and influence the health of wild populations. Serosurveys showed that animals were readily exposed to Leptospira spp. and Toxoplasma gondii. This thesis also provides the first data on brushtail possum dispersal in urban areas, knowledge which is highly relevant to the development of management strategies such as fertility control. The findings from this research broaden our knowledge about urban brushtail possums and should assist wildlife authorities in developing alternative or improved management procedures.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
xxv, 287 p. ill., maps
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ESOPI, GIULIA. "URBAN COMMON Elementi teorici e strumenti pianificatori per una nuova lettura dei servizi urbani." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1263406.
Full textAbstract:
All’interno del dibattito contemporaneo sugli studi urbani, la città
è intesa come un sistema aperto complesso che interagisce con
l’ambiente esterno e con altri sistemi simili creando una rete globale
anch’essa complessa. Nel contempo, il sistema città è soggetto a
continui e rapidi cambiamenti che ne minacciano l’equilibrio provocando
condizioni di instabilità e di fragilità. Le istituzioni, responsabili dello
sviluppo sostenibile del territorio, faticano a operare in maniera ottimale
generando così situazioni di inefficienza e scarso funzionamento del
sistema urbano e delle sue parti. Ad esempio, la difficoltà delle istituzioni
di gestire il territorio comporta disposizioni spaziali statiche e rigide di
un sistema fluido che causano l’abuso e il sottoutilizzo degli spazi e dei
servizi della città e l’insoddisfazione delle esigenze della popolazione
(cittadini e city user). A fronte di tali situazioni di criticità, emergono
iniziative comunitarie finalizzate a plasmare lo spazio urbano. Si tratta
di forme di collaborazione e cooperazione tra diversi soggetti che si
assumono la responsabilità della cura e della rigenerazione delle risorse
urbane soddisfacendo sia le esigenze collettive che quelle individuali.
Tali azioni rappresentano esperienze di resilienza sociale e alternative
virtuose alla pianificazione tradizionale, capaci di aumentare la qualità
del sistema urbano in termini di valorizzazione, sostenibilità e attrattività.
Concretamente tra elementi fisici e individui, si generano nuove forme di
ricchezza come gli urban common.
La presente ricerca analizza la tematica degli urban common, intesi
come risorse urbane condivise da un gruppo eterogeneo di individui, e si
propone di comprendere come la pianificazione locale può garantire una
prospettiva urban common nel ragionamento dei servizi urbani. Nello
specifico, lo studio evidenzia i caratteri generali e specifici della tematica,
confronta gli urban common con i servizi urbani così come sono intesi
nel contesto italiano e, infine, analizza la distribuzione spaziale del
fenomeno nello specifico contesto della città di Segrate (MI).The contemporary urban studies debate intends the city as an open complex system that interacts with the environment and other cities creating a complex global network. At the same time, the city is subject to continuous and rapid changes that generate instability conditions making it fragile. The institutions, responsible for sustainable development of territories, struggle to deal with these phenomena generating situations of inefficiency and poor functioning of city system and its parts. For example, the difficulty of institutions to manage the territory is represented in static and rigid space arrangements of a fluid system. These situations cause the misuse/under-use of spaces and services by society and the dissatisfaction of city users needs. In an attempt to fill the gap left by public actors, community initiatives are emerging from below aimed to shape urban space creating new opportunities for community use. These are forms of collaboration and cooperation among different individuals that take responsibility for urban resources by satisfying both collective and individual needs. They are social resilience experiences, or rather actions-reactions by individuals that represent alternatives to traditional planning. The social component abilities (reactive, adaptive and proactive) increase the quality of urban system in terms of enhancement, sustainability and attractiveness. From these interactions among physical elements and individuals, new forms of wealth are generated as urban commons. The present research refers to alternative methods related to planning and design processes of urban spaces and wonders how local planning can ensure, within urban services topic, the initiatives and actions of citizens aimed to adapt spatial urban resources to community needs. It defines a specific typology of urban commons, city resources shared by a heterogeneous group of individuals. In particular, the research focuses on three objectives: two theoretical (the investigation of urban commons features and the comparison with urban services in the Italian context, in particular Lombardia region) and one applicative (the analysis of urban commons distribution in a real context, the city of Segrate - MI).
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ESOPI, GIULIA. "URBAN COMMON Elementi teorici e strumenti pianificatori per una nuova lettura dei servizi urbani." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1263426.
Full textAbstract:
All’interno del dibattito contemporaneo sugli studi urbani, la città
è intesa come un sistema aperto complesso che interagisce con
l’ambiente esterno e con altri sistemi simili creando una rete globale
anch’essa complessa. Nel contempo, il sistema città è soggetto a
continui e rapidi cambiamenti che ne minacciano l’equilibrio provocando
condizioni di instabilità e di fragilità. Le istituzioni, responsabili dello
sviluppo sostenibile del territorio, faticano a operare in maniera ottimale
generando così situazioni di inefficienza e scarso funzionamento del
sistema urbano e delle sue parti. Ad esempio, la difficoltà delle istituzioni
di gestire il territorio comporta disposizioni spaziali statiche e rigide di
un sistema fluido che causano l’abuso e il sottoutilizzo degli spazi e dei
servizi della città e l’insoddisfazione delle esigenze della popolazione
(cittadini e city user). A fronte di tali situazioni di criticità, emergono
iniziative comunitarie finalizzate a plasmare lo spazio urbano. Si tratta
di forme di collaborazione e cooperazione tra diversi soggetti che si
assumono la responsabilità della cura e della rigenerazione delle risorse
urbane soddisfacendo sia le esigenze collettive che quelle individuali.
Tali azioni rappresentano esperienze di resilienza sociale e alternative
virtuose alla pianificazione tradizionale, capaci di aumentare la qualità
del sistema urbano in termini di valorizzazione, sostenibilità e attrattività.
Concretamente tra elementi fisici e individui, si generano nuove forme di
ricchezza come gli urban common.
La presente ricerca analizza la tematica degli urban common, intesi
come risorse urbane condivise da un gruppo eterogeneo di individui, e si
propone di comprendere come la pianificazione locale può garantire una
prospettiva urban common nel ragionamento dei servizi urbani. Nello
specifico, lo studio evidenzia i caratteri generali e specifici della tematica,
confronta gli urban common con i servizi urbani così come sono intesi
nel contesto italiano e, infine, analizza la distribuzione spaziale del
fenomeno nello specifico contesto della città di Segrate (MI).The contemporary urban studies debate intends the city as an open complex system that interacts with the environment and other cities creating a complex global network. At the same time, the city is subject to continuous and rapid changes that generate instability conditions making it fragile. The institutions, responsible for sustainable development of territories, struggle to deal with these phenomena generating situations of inefficiency and poor functioning of city system and its parts. For example, the difficulty of institutions to manage the territory is represented in static and rigid space arrangements of a fluid system. These situations cause the misuse/under-use of spaces and services by society and the dissatisfaction of city users needs. In an attempt to fill the gap left by public actors, community initiatives are emerging from below aimed to shape urban space creating new opportunities for community use. These are forms of collaboration and cooperation among different individuals that take responsibility for urban resources by satisfying both collective and individual needs. They are social resilience experiences, or rather actions-reactions by individuals that represent alternatives to traditional planning. The social component abilities (reactive, adaptive and proactive) increase the quality of urban system in terms of enhancement, sustainability and attractiveness. From these interactions among physical elements and individuals, new forms of wealth are generated as urban commons. The present research refers to alternative methods related to planning and design processes of urban spaces and wonders how local planning can ensure, within urban services topic, the initiatives and actions of citizens aimed to adapt spatial urban resources to community needs. It defines a specific typology of urban commons, city resources shared by a heterogeneous group of individuals. In particular, the research focuses on three objectives: two theoretical (the investigation of urban commons features and the comparison with urban services in the Italian context, in particular Lombardia region) and one applicative (the analysis of urban commons distribution in a real context, the city of Segrate - MI).
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ESOPI, GIULIA. "URBAN COMMON Elementi teorici e strumenti pianificatori per una nuova lettura dei servizi urbani." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1263386.
Full textAbstract:
All’interno del dibattito contemporaneo sugli studi urbani, la città
è intesa come un sistema aperto complesso che interagisce con
l’ambiente esterno e con altri sistemi simili creando una rete globale
anch’essa complessa. Nel contempo, il sistema città è soggetto a
continui e rapidi cambiamenti che ne minacciano l’equilibrio provocando
condizioni di instabilità e di fragilità. Le istituzioni, responsabili dello
sviluppo sostenibile del territorio, faticano a operare in maniera ottimale
generando così situazioni di inefficienza e scarso funzionamento del
sistema urbano e delle sue parti. Ad esempio, la difficoltà delle istituzioni
di gestire il territorio comporta disposizioni spaziali statiche e rigide di
un sistema fluido che causano l’abuso e il sottoutilizzo degli spazi e dei
servizi della città e l’insoddisfazione delle esigenze della popolazione
(cittadini e city user). A fronte di tali situazioni di criticità, emergono
iniziative comunitarie finalizzate a plasmare lo spazio urbano. Si tratta
di forme di collaborazione e cooperazione tra diversi soggetti che si
assumono la responsabilità della cura e della rigenerazione delle risorse
urbane soddisfacendo sia le esigenze collettive che quelle individuali.
Tali azioni rappresentano esperienze di resilienza sociale e alternative
virtuose alla pianificazione tradizionale, capaci di aumentare la qualità
del sistema urbano in termini di valorizzazione, sostenibilità e attrattività.
Concretamente tra elementi fisici e individui, si generano nuove forme di
ricchezza come gli urban common.
La presente ricerca analizza la tematica degli urban common, intesi
come risorse urbane condivise da un gruppo eterogeneo di individui, e si
propone di comprendere come la pianificazione locale può garantire una
prospettiva urban common nel ragionamento dei servizi urbani. Nello
specifico, lo studio evidenzia i caratteri generali e specifici della tematica,
confronta gli urban common con i servizi urbani così come sono intesi
nel contesto italiano e, infine, analizza la distribuzione spaziale del
fenomeno nello specifico contesto della città di Segrate (MI).The contemporary urban studies debate intends the city as an open complex system that interacts with the environment and other cities creating a complex global network. At the same time, the city is subject to continuous and rapid changes that generate instability conditions making it fragile. The institutions, responsible for sustainable development of territories, struggle to deal with these phenomena generating situations of inefficiency and poor functioning of city system and its parts. For example, the difficulty of institutions to manage the territory is represented in static and rigid space arrangements of a fluid system. These situations cause the misuse/under-use of spaces and services by society and the dissatisfaction of city users needs. In an attempt to fill the gap left by public actors, community initiatives are emerging from below aimed to shape urban space creating new opportunities for community use. These are forms of collaboration and cooperation among different individuals that take responsibility for urban resources by satisfying both collective and individual needs. They are social resilience experiences, or rather actions-reactions by individuals that represent alternatives to traditional planning. The social component abilities (reactive, adaptive and proactive) increase the quality of urban system in terms of enhancement, sustainability and attractiveness. From these interactions among physical elements and individuals, new forms of wealth are generated as urban commons. The present research refers to alternative methods related to planning and design processes of urban spaces and wonders how local planning can ensure, within urban services topic, the initiatives and actions of citizens aimed to adapt spatial urban resources to community needs. It defines a specific typology of urban commons, city resources shared by a heterogeneous group of individuals. In particular, the research focuses on three objectives: two theoretical (the investigation of urban commons features and the comparison with urban services in the Italian context, in particular Lombardia region) and one applicative (the analysis of urban commons distribution in a real context, the city of Segrate - MI).
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Brodie, Ian. "Investigation of stormwater particles generated from common urban surfaces." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, 2007. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00003558/.
Full textAbstract:
[Abstract]: Pollution due to urban stormwater runoff is a significant environmental issue. Large regional devices including sediment ponds and constructed wetlands are common features in the urban landscape to treat runoff. In keeping with this approach, data requirements to evaluate stormwater impacts have mainly been met by the monitoring of sizeable urban catchments, typically greater than 10ha in area. Urban runoff characteristics have thus been conventionally linked with broadly defined catchment attributes. Land use, as defined by zonings such as Residential, Commercial and Industrial, is an attribute often used to evaluate stormwater runoff from urban catchments.The emergence of Water Sensitive Urban Design (WSUD) in Australia is changing the management focus from the reliance on a small number of large-scale devices to many smaller-scale source controls distributed throughout the catchment. This paradigm shift in stormwater management places greater emphasis on small-scale processes within urban areas. Subsequently there is a need for more knowledge about stormwater generated from specific urban surfaces (roads, roofs, grassed areas etc).The objective of this study was to demonstrate how urban stormwater quality can be managed on the basis of urban surfaces. The study involved the collection of data for typical urban surfaces and the development of predictive models to estimate stormwater quality. A series of case studies is provided to illustrate the use of surface-related data and modelling tools in stormwater management, particularly in the context of WSUD.Non-Coarse Particles (NCP), defined as suspended solids less than 500μm in size, was selected as the stormwater pollutant under consideration. NCP is divided into the following particle size classes; Very Fine Particles (VFP, <8μm), Fine Particles (FP, 8-63μm) and Medium Particles (MP, 63-500μm). Laboratory methods to determine the concentration of these particle classes within stormwater runoff were adapted and refined from current standard methods. Organic content of each stormwater particle class was also determined.An innovative device, the flow splitter, was developed to collect runoff samples from urban surfaces. The flow splitter was designed to obtain a composite flow-proportional sample, necessary to derive the Event Mean Concentration of stormwater particles. Hydraulic and sediment testing of a prototype flow splitter confirmed that the device is an accurate and unbiased sampling method.Flow splitters were installed at five monitoring sites within inner city Toowoomba, Australia. The sites have small catchments (50 to 450m2 area) representative of urban impervious areas (galvanized iron roof, concrete carpark and bitumen road pavement) and pervious areas (grassed and exposed bare soil). Overall, runoff from 40 storms with rainfalls from 2.5mm to 64.3mm was sampled during the period December 2004 to January 2006.A scatter plot analysis identified potential correlations between measured NCP loads and basic rainfall parameters such as rainfall depth and intensity. An exponential-type trend, consistent with many washoff models, is evident between load and average rainfall intensity for all surfaces. A composite index, referred to as the Rainfall Detachment Index (RDI), was found to be better than average rainfall intensity in explaining a relationship between NCP load and storm rainfall characteristics.The insight gained from the RDI led to the development of a particle Mass Balance Model for impervious surfaces. Depending on the surface type, the model was able for provide reasonable estimates (R2 = 0.74 to 0.97) against the measured NCP loads. Simpler analytical methods for particle load estimation were also developed in the study. A total of five methods were produced. An error analysis was conducted to compare the performance of each method to accurately reproduce the measured NCP loads. The analysis also included three methods used in current practice, which performed poorly compared to the new modelling techniques.The analytical methods provide useful tools in urban stormwater planning. The Mass Balance Model and measured surface-specific data were used in a number of case study examples to demonstrate possible applications. The applications included assessments of 1) the relative contribution that different urban surfaces make to the particle load in runoff; 2) how surface-specific data can be directly transferred to represent a large-scale urban catchment located in a different climate; 3) the particle loads generated from Residential and Commercial land uses; 4) the effect of exposed areas of bare soil on the particle loads from a Residential catchment; 5) the effect that widespread adoption of rainwater tanks may have on particle concentration in Residential urban runoff and 6) the particle load reductions by the use of a grass swale to treat road runoff.
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Johnson, Julie M. "The common greenway and the establishment of park character." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74794.
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Loustau, Jeffrey J. (Jeffrey Justin). "Common ground--the promise of mixed-income/mixed-use development." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13419.
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Belanger, Rachel (Rachel Anne). "Developing common wealth : workspaces for innovation and entrepreneurship in Massachusetts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111362.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 64-70).
Over the last two decades, Boston and Cambridge have generated some of the strongest and most celebrated innovation districts - Kendall Square and the Seaport District - in which new models of commercial and civic real estate support dense webs of relationships among high-growth companies, academia, investors, mentors, and corporate R&D. Although beneficial for the overall competitiveness of the region, the wealth generated by these start-up and tech communities is not broadly shared, and the Commonwealth of Massachusetts's economic development policy, Opportunities for All, has focused on reducing disparities across the state. Meanwhile, the state's Gateway Cities present persistent challenges with lower than average incomes and weak market conditions for real estate development. Since 2014, MassDevelopment's Transformative Development Initiative (TDI) has focused the state's investment in Gateway Cities on projects intended to generate follow-on private investment, including TDI Cowork grants for "collaborative workspaces," broadly defined. In an effort to support communities of entrepreneurs across the state, TDI Cowork expanded into a state-wide Collaborative Workspaces Program in 2016. Despite this interest in using community-oriented workspaces to catalyze new economic opportunities, policymakers, developers, and other economic development professionals in Massachusetts lack a comprehensive picture of what spaces are currently available that aim to support innovation and entrepreneurship. A new inventory of workspaces utilized three categories from a previous list of innovation assets and found 50 "coworking spaces," 51 "innovation centers," and 20 "maker spaces." Of the 121 spaces, approximately 70 opened in the last three years and several others are expected to open in 2017. Survey data showed that spaces in Boston, Cambridge, and Somerville differ from those in the rest of the state in several ways that are significant for stakeholders aiming to catalyze economic development, including a higher portion serving startup teams, providing access to corporate partners and investors, and supporting members/users of digital products versus creative or professional services. Further analysis of the innovation ecosystem in Worcester suggested opportunities to attract mid-stage start-ups and mid-career entrepreneurs rather than focusing on undergraduate student retention as an economic development strategy.
by Rachel Belanger.
M.C.P.
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Sjöland, Kozlovic Martina. "Renovation for the Common Benefit? : On Urban Restructuring and Displacement Pressure." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-45279.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is about renovations and municipal housing companies, and more generally, it concerns housing inequality and urban restructuring. The Swedish housing market is strongly characterized by housing inequality, and, in addition, large parts of the affordable rental stock are facing need for renovations. Renovations which risk making the rental stock less accessible and, in addition, reinforce inequality and displacement. Half of all the properties facing renovation in Sweden are owned by municipal housing companies, allmännyttan, which are obliged to provide good and accessible housing for everyone and the common benefit. However, since 2011, the municipal housing companies are at the same time to operate under preconditions that require profit. In the light of this potential conflict of interest, the overarching purpose has been to provide an empirical exploration and problematization of how renovations are managed and motivated within allmännyttan and what potential implications this has on supplying good housing for all. Through the case of the municipal housing company Bostads AB Poseidon and the district Frölunda Torg in Gothenburg, renovations have been explored within a municipal setting and larger urban restructuring process. The material that formed the empirical data was qualitative and comprised three parts: policy, communication with tenants, and interviews with employees at Bostads AB Poseidon. Central concepts in exploring the renovations have been displacement pressure, urban restructuring, and hegemonic gaze. The thesis has identified several aspects concerning renovations and the altered role of allmännyttan which raises questions whether the renovations can be understood as for the common benefit.
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Fraser, Madeline C. (Madeline del Carmen) 1973. "From needs to action : community organizing at Heritage Common, Lawrence, Massachusetts." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9039.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2000.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 71-72).
This is a study of the effect researchers and their methods have on the process of community organizing. It specifically focuses on Heritage Common, a subsidized housing development in Lawrence, Massachusetts with a population comprised of 81% Latino residents. A survey on the social service needs of the residents was conducted for the owner and management company, The Community Builders (TCB). During the survey process, the residents of Heritage Common voiced their desire to organize a Tenants' Committee that would be formally recognized by the management and have a say in the future of their community. The project started as a social services needs assessment and became a community organizing case study with an interest in the role of the researcher and the research methods as catalysts in the process. The results of the survey were used to inform the residents about which groups within the community as well as which social services could be identified as targets for organizing efforts. This project was begun in October 1999, and as of May 2000, Heritage Common has established a formal Tenants' Committee. The first meeting between management, the Tenants' Committee and the residents to address community concerns will be held on May 18, 2000.
by Madeline C. Fraser.
M.C.P.
Books on the topic "Urban common"
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Common space: Urban design experience. Trento]: LISt Lab, 2018.
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Indian Institute of Public Administration. Centre for Urban Studies, ed. Urban infrastructure for the common man. New Delhi: Centre for Urban Studies, Indian Institute of Public Administration, 2011.
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Consultancy, MVA, Institute for Transport Studies, Oscar Faber TPA, and Birmingham (England) City Council, eds. Common appraisal framework for urban transport projects. [Birmingham: Birmingham City Council], 1994.
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Heritage as common(s), common(s) as heritage. Gothenburg: Makadam Publishers, 2015.
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Aydas, Muharrem. Vesterbro: National difference and common dilemmas. Esbjerg: South Jutland University Press, 1997.
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J, Iannuzzi Timothy, ed. A common tragedy: History of an urban river. Amherst, Mass: Amherst Scientific Publishers, 2002.
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Gill, Walter. A common sense guide to non-traditional urban education. Nashville, Tenn: James C. Winston Publishing Co., Inc., 1998.
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Weightman, Daniel Mark. Conceptualizing common grounds: An urban parks study in Birmingham. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1997.
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Kendrick, Martyn. Re-inventing our common future: An exploration into community sustainability. Hamilton, Ont: Eco Gateway, 1995.
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United States. Forest Service. Southern Region. Wildland/urban interface: Searching for common ground : integrated resource management. Atlanta, Ga: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Region, 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Urban common"
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Tanner, Ken. "Urban Legends, Conspiracies, and Other Perversions of the Truth." In Common Sense, 59–79. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-4153-9_5.
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Cheung, Paul. "Common Tongue and Urban Membership." In Statecraft in Symbols, 101–27. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3319-6_4.
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Abidi, Abdelhamid. "Transport and environmental regulation – common attitudes and social change." In Urban Environment, 3–13. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2540-9_1.
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Keremane, Ganesh. "Urban Wastewater Reuse—A Common Reality." In Governance of Urban Wastewater Reuse for Agriculture, 9–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55056-5_2.
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Zuo, Jiping. "Diverse Roles, A Common Dilemma." In Work and Family in Urban China, 119–38. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-55465-9_7.
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Shamova, Ekaterina. "Walking Together: Towards a Common Movement." In Experiential Walks for Urban Design, 115–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76694-8_7.
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Kioupkiolis, Alexandros. "Italian Paths to Urban Commoning." In Common Hegemony, Populism, and the New Municipalism, 179–208. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003264668-8.
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Kaestle, Carl F. "Common Schools before the “Common School Revival”: New York Schooling in the 1790s." In Urban Education in the United States, 17–36. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403981875_2.
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Cacciatore, Francesca, Rita Maralla, and Martina Riccio. "Inhabiting an “Un-common” Space: Health Promotion in the Area of Pescarola, Bologna." In Urban Health, 73–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49446-9_7.
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Campbell-Whatley, Gloria D., Keonya Booker, Derrick Robinson, and Bettie Butler. "Children in Urban Centers." In A School Leader’s Guide to Implementing the Common Core, 84–100. New York, NY : Routledge, 2016.: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315769868-6.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Urban common"
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Zaninović, Tamara, and Bojana Bojanić Obad Šćitaroci. "Integration core and historic urban layers relation - using space syntax for city comparison." In Common Foundations 2017. University of Zagreb Faculty of Civil Engineering, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5592/co/zt.2017.35.
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Seow, K. L., M. Doya, X. Briottet, R. Ceolato, N. Riviere, and S. K. Pang. "Spectral BRDF of common urban materials." In 2012 4th Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/whispers.2012.6874250.
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Mane, Ogri. "Informal Urban Development – Case of Albania." In The 5th Human and Social Sciences at the Common Conference. Publishing Society, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18638/hassacc.2017.5.1.235.
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Contin, Antonella, Patrizia Giordano, and Valentina Galiulo. "Ragusa Ibla_S. Paolo neighbourhood: regeneration cultural common." In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/umyb6761.
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In XX century Italy abandonment is a widespread phenomenon. In the case of S. Paolo – a neighbourhood in the periphery of Ragusa Ibla, a UNESCO site in Sicily -, abandonment is linked to 1) the fragility of its geographical position; 2) the contraction of economic growth; 3) the lack of "modern" urban services. These three factors are interlinked and active as circular causes of the present condition of abandonment of S. Paolo. The paper presents our proposal of intervention working on the three factors together through a two-steps method: first we clarify at different scales the issue (abandonment) and the processes that are producing it; then, we intervene on the three circular and non-linear causes, according to our vision of complexity. Our method also acts on the currently widespread development practices, which could entail the risk of manipulating the identity of a historical place in defining not a collective but only a private space (planning gentrification) and without producing a sustainable project in the long-term spam. We follow a Design Thinkers approach within a Practice of Metropolitan Discipline: every analysis is project oriented and evidence based.
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Schwarz, Andrew, Colleen Schwarz, and Tracey Rizzuto. "Examining the Urban Legend of Common Method Bias: Nine Common Errors and Their Impact." In 2008 41st Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2008.155.
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Leković, Milica. "Urbanismo del miedo y representacion distópica de las ciudades." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6143.
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El presente artículo explora como se reflejaba el miedo en la cultura popular y como influía en el planeamiento urbano a lo largo de la historia contemporánea. Mediante el análisis de los imaginarios urbanos a lo largo de los siglos XX y XXI, intentaremos averiguar cómo el planteamiento urbano se ha visto afectado por los miedos sobre un futuro incierto y apocalíptico. A través de un acercamiento teórico-conceptual e histórico-formal, abarcaremos algunos sujetos que comparten el planeamiento urbanístico y las representaciones cinematográficas de la ciudad: el modernismo, el paradigma campo-ciudad, antiurbanismo, la fragmentación y segregación espacial, la remodelación urbana y, por último, resiliencia y smart cities. This article explores how fear is reflected in popular culture and the ways it influenced urban planning throughout modern history. By analysing the urban imaginary throughout the XX and XXI centuries, we will try to find out how has urban planning been affected by fears of uncertain and apocalyptic future. Using theoretical-conceptual and historical-formal approaches, we will cover some topics that urban planning and cinematic representations of the city have in common, such as modernism, urban-rural paradigm, anti-urbanism, fragmentation and spatial segregation, urban renewal and finally, resilient and smart cities.
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Nisic, Dragana, Dinko Knezevic, Aleksandra Petkovic, Milica Ignjatovic, and Jovana Kostadinovic. "Study of general environmental awareness of the urban population." In The 4th Human and Social Sciences at the Common Conference. Publishing Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18638/hassacc.2016.4.1.201.
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Velesaca, Henry O., Patricia L. Suárez, Angel D. Sappa, Dario Carpio, Rafael E. Rivadeneira, and Angel Sanchez. "Review on Common Techniques for Urban Environment Video Analytics." In Workshop Brasileiro de Cidades Inteligentes. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/wbci.2022.223096.
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This work compiles the different computer vision-based approaches from the state-of-the-art intended for video analytics in urban environments. The manuscript groups the different approaches according to the typical modules present in video analysis, including image preprocessing, object detection, classification, and tracking. This proposed pipeline serves as a basic guide to representing these most representative approaches in this topic of video analysis that will be addressed in this work. Furthermore, the manuscript is not intended to be an exhaustive review of the most advanced approaches, but only a list of common techniques proposed to address recurring problems in this field.
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Sousa Matos, Rute, Rita Calhau, and Alexandre Lisboa. "Greenways – an alternative mobility structure and an urban development strategy." In The 3rd Human and Social Sciences at the Common Conference. Publishing Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18638/hassacc.2015.3.1.160.
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Cabrera-Barona, Pablo. "From the ‘Good Living’ to the ‘Common Good’: What is the role of GIScience?" In 2017 Joint Urban Remote Sensing Event (JURSE). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jurse.2017.7924581.
Full textReports on the topic "Urban common"
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Lucas, Brian. Urban Flood Risks, Impacts, and Management in Nigeria. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.018.
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This summary reviews evidence on the urban flooding impact, risk factors, and management and mitigation measures in Lagos and other cities in Nigeria. Flooding is a common problem every year in many cities across Nigeria, but the impacts of flooding are poorly documented. There is no consistent set of statistics at a national or sub-national level that can be used to compare the impacts of flooding across cities, and reports that focus on particular flood events are often incomplete. The literature notes the principal factors contributing to flood risk including uncontrolled urban growth, inadequate and poorly-maintained drainage systems, solid waste management practices, weakness in institutional capacity and coordination, and warning systems and public awareness. The evidence base for flood impacts, risks, and mitigation efforts at the city level in Nigeria is limited, and much of the information available is low quality, inconsistent, or outdated. Many rely on surveys of city residents rather than objective empirical data, and some of these surveys appear to be poorly designed. A significant number of the academic publications available have been published in non-mainstream journals without the usual level of academic peer review. Recent information is scarce, and a significant amount of the available evidence dates from 2011 and 2012, which coincides with an episode of nationwide flooding that was among the worst in Nigeria’s history.
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Brandt, Leslie A., Cait Rottler, Wendy S. Gordon, Stacey L. Clark, Lisa O'Donnell, April Rose, Annamarie Rutledge, and Emily King. Vulnerability of Austin’s urban forest and natural areas: A report from the Urban Forestry Climate Change Response Framework. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Northern Forests Climate Hub, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2020.7204069.ch.
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The trees, developed green spaces, and natural areas within the City of Austin’s 400,882 acres will face direct and indirect impacts from a changing climate over the 21st century. This assessment evaluates the vulnerability of urban trees and natural and developed landscapes within the City Austin to a range of future climates. We synthesized and summarized information on the contemporary landscape, provided information on past climate trends, and illustrated a range of projected future climates. We used this information to inform models of habitat suitability for trees native to the area. Projected shifts in plant hardiness and heat zones were used to understand how less common native species, nonnative species, and cultivars may tolerate future conditions. We also assessed the adaptability of planted and naturally occurring trees to stressors that may not be accounted for in habitat suitability models such as drought, flooding, wind damage, and air pollution. The summary of the contemporary landscape identifies major stressors currently threatening trees and forests in Austin. Major current threats to the region’s urban forest include invasive species, pests and disease, and development. Austin has been warming at a rate of about 0.4°F per decade since measurements began in 1938 and temperature is expected to increase by 5 to 10°F by the end of this century compared to the most recent 30-year average. Both increases in heavy rain events and severe droughts are projected for the future, and the overall balance of precipitation and temperature may shift Austin’s climate to be more similar to the arid Southwest. Species distribution modeling of native trees suggests that suitable habitat may decrease for 14 primarily northern species, and increase for four more southern species. An analysis of tree species vulnerability that combines model projections, shifts in hardiness and heat zones, and adaptive capacity showed that only 3% of the trees estimated to be present in Austin based on the most recent Urban FIA estimate were considered to have low vulnerability in developed areas. Using a panel of local experts, we also assessed the vulnerability of developed and natural areas. All areas were rated as having moderate to moderate-high vulnerability, but the underlying factors driving that vulnerability differed by natural community and between East and West Austin. These projected changes in climate and their associated impacts and vulnerabilities will have important implications for urban forest management, including the planting and maintenance of street and park trees, management of natural areas, and long-term planning.
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Гарлицька, Т. С. Substandard Vocabulary in the System of Urban Communication. Криворізький державний педагогічний університет, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3912.
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The article is devoted to substandard elements which are considered as one of the components in the system of urban forms of communication. The Object of our research is substandard vocabulary, the Subject is structural characteristics of the modern city language, the Purpose of the study is to define the main types of substandard vocabulary and their role in the system of urban communication. The theoretical base of our research includes the scientific works of native and foreign linguists, which are devoted to urban linguistics (B. Larin, M. Makovskyi, V. Labov, T. Yerofeieva, L. Pederson, R. McDavid, O. Horbach, L. Stavytska, Y. Stepanov, S. Martos). Different lexical and phraseological units, taken from the Ukrainian, Russian and American Dictionaries of slang and jargon, serve as the material of our research. The main components of the city language include literary language, territorial dialects, different intermediate transitional types, which are used in the colloquial everyday communication but do not have territorial limited character, and social dialects. The structural characteristics, proposed in the article, demonstrate the variety and correlation of different subsystems of the city language. Today peripheral elements play the main role in the city communication. They are also called substandard, non-codified, marginal, non-literary elements or the jargon styles of communication. Among substandard elements of the city language the most important are social dialects, which include such subsystems as argot, jargon and slang. The origin, functioning and characteristics of each subsystem are studied on the material of linguistic literature of different countries. It is also ascertained that argot is the oldest form of sociolects, jargon divides into corporative and professional ones, in the structure of slangy words there are common and special slang. Besides, we can speak about sociolectosentrism of the native linguistics and linguemosentrism of the English tradition of slang nomination. Except social dialects, the important structural elements of the city language are also intermediate transitional types, which include koine, colloquialisms, interdialect, surzhyk, pidgin and creole. Surzhyk can be attributed to the same type of language formations as pidgin and creole because these types of oral speech were created mostly by means of the units mixing of the obtruded language of the parent state with the elements of the native languages.
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Eckert, Elizabeth, Eleanor Turner, and Jo Anne Yeager Sallah. Youth Rural-Urban Migration in Bungoma, Kenya: Implications for the Agricultural Workforce. RTI Press, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2019.op.0062.1908.
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This study provides insights into a specific, hard-to-reach youth subpopulation—those born in agricultural areas in Western Kenya who migrate to large towns and cities—that is often missed by research and development activities. Using a mixed-methods approach, we find high variability in movement of youth between rural villages, towns, and large urban areas. Top reasons for youth migration align with existing literature, including pursuit of job opportunities and education. For youth from villages where crop farming is the primary economic activity for young adults, 77 percent responded that they are very interested in that work, in contrast to the common notion that youth are disinterested in agriculture. We also find many youth interested in settling permanently in their villages in the future. This research confirms that youth migration is dynamic, requiring that policymakers and development practitioners employ methods of engaging youth that recognize the diversity of profiles and mobility of this set of individuals.
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Rezaie, Shogofa, Fedra Vanhuyse, Karin André, and Maryna Henrysson. Governing the circular economy: how urban policymakers can accelerate the agenda. Stockholm Environment Institute, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.027.
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We believe the climate crisis will be resolved in cities. Today, while cities occupy only 2% of the Earth's surface, 57% of the world's population lives in cities, and by 2050, it will jump to 68% (UN, 2018). Currently, cities consume over 75% of natural resources, accumulate 50% of the global waste and emit up to 80% of greenhouse gases (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2017). Cities generate 70% of the global gross domestic product and are significant drivers of economic growth (UN-Habitat III, 2016). At the same time, cities sit on the frontline of natural disasters such as floods, storms and droughts (De Sherbinin et al., 2007; Major et al., 2011; Rockström et al., 2021). One of the sustainability pathways to reduce the environmental consequences of the current extract-make-dispose model (or the "linear economy") is a circular economy (CE) model. A CE is defined as "an economic system that is based on business models which replace the 'end-of-life' concept with reducing, alternatively reusing, recycling and recovering materials in production/distribution and consumption processes" (Kirchherr et al., 2017, p. 224). By redesigning production processes and thereby extending the lifespan of goods and materials, researchers suggest that CE approaches reduce waste and increase employment and resource security while sustaining business competitiveness (Korhonen et al., 2018; Niskanen et al., 2020; Stahel, 2012; Winans et al., 2017). Organizations such as the Ellen MacArthur Foundation and Circle Economy help steer businesses toward CE strategies. The CE is also a political priority in countries and municipalities globally. For instance, the CE Action Plan, launched by the European Commission in 2015 and reconfirmed in 2020, is a central pillar of the European Green Deal (European Commission, 2015, 2020). Additionally, more governments are implementing national CE strategies in China (Ellen MacArthur Foundation, 2018), Colombia (Government of the Republic of Colombia, 2019), Finland (Sitra, 2016), Sweden (Government Offices of Sweden, 2020) and the US (Metabolic, 2018, 2019), to name a few. Meanwhile, more cities worldwide are adopting CE models to achieve more resource-efficient urban management systems, thereby advancing their environmental ambitions (Petit-Boix & Leipold, 2018; Turcu & Gillie, 2020; Vanhuyse, Haddaway, et al., 2021). Cities with CE ambitions include, Amsterdam, Barcelona, Paris, Toronto, Peterborough (England) and Umeå (Sweden) (OECD, 2020a). In Europe, over 60 cities signed the European Circular Cities Declaration (2020) to harmonize the transition towards a CE in the region. In this policy brief, we provide insights into common challenges local governments face in implementing their CE plans and suggest recommendations for overcoming these. It aims to answer the question: How can the CE agenda be governed in cities? It is based on the results of the Urban Circularity Assessment Framework (UCAF) project, building on findings from 25 interviews, focus group discussions and workshops held with different stakeholder groups in Umeå, as well as research on Stockholm's urban circularity potential, including findings from 11 expert interviews (Rezaie, 2021). Our findings were complemented by the Circular Economy Lab project (Rezaie et al., 2022) and experiences from working with municipal governments in Sweden, Belgium, France and the UK, on CE and environmental and social sustainability.
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Alarcón, Lía, Patricia Alata, Mariana Alegre, Tamara Egger, Rosario Fassina, Analía Hanono, Carolina Huffmann, Lucía Nogales, and Carolina Piedrafita. Citizen-Led Urbanism in Latin America: Superbook of civic actions for transforming cities. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004582.
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This is a publication about citizen-led urbanism processes in Latin America. It follows the recent life of a movement originating from, and driven by and for citizens, who out of a compelling love for their cities, have brought together actors from all fields to co-create new, more inclusive and equitable public space models. By using tools such as innovation, creativity and co-responsible solidarity, citizen-led urbanism has been able to complement the traditional approaches to urban planning and city governance. This publication also invites us to move from the theory and concepts that provide the rationale for citizen-led urbanism to the actual practical experiences which are helping to shape it and consolidate it as a regional movement. It thus takes us on a journey through successful projects developed in different places and contexts of Latin America and looks at the experience of the first urban innovation labs, as a means to consider the paths that may lead to new horizons of an inclusive future, in view of the challenges, both known and yet to be known, of the first half of the 21st century. In less than one decade, with their impressive diversity and vigorous urban activity, members of the citizen-led urbanism movement have brought about changes in the streets, neighborhoods and cities where they live: changes in the way of thinking of authorities and fellow citizens; changes in public policies, which have an impact not only on the urban landscape, but also on how we relate to each other through our relationship with what we call “the urban” and with ecosystems, with our individual needs and with the urgency of organizing ourselves collectively to identify solutions for the common good. This is why this book became a superbook, i.e., an extensive compilation about a fabulous collective adventure, undertaken by thousands of people whose common denominator is creativity and their will to think and do things differently. We hope it may serve as an inspiration to its readers so that they, too, may take a leading role in this story.
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Saltus, Christina, and Eric Britzke. Literature review : macrohabitat metrics to identify presence of chiroptera on the landscape in the United States. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45523.
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This special report reviews current scientific literature to identify the most commonly cited metrics used to describe the macrohabitat criteria important for Chiroptera presence in the United States. The review evaluates 69 scientific articles from 1994 to 2018. The most commonly cited metrics were divided into four main categories: tree-species-level metrics, landscape-level metrics, distance metrics, and topographic and atmospheric metrics. Of all metrics found, the top six most common metrics noted across all articles were percent canopy cover, diameter at breast height (DBH), forest type, distance to water, distance to roads or other urban features, and tree density. In addition, 27 of the 47 (57%) bat species located within the United States were represented. These metrics provide important insight into the regional or national species-level distribution and assist with modeling the relationship between species distribution and habitat change.
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Reis, João. Slaves Who Owned Slaves in Nineteenth-Century Bahia, Brazil. Maria Sibylla Merian International Centre for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46877/reis.2021.36.
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It was not uncommon in Brazil for slaves to own slaves. Slaves as masters of slaves existed in many slave societies and societies with slaves, but considering modern, chattel slavery in the Americas, Brazil seems to have been a special case where this phenomenon thrived, especially in nineteenth-century urban Bahia. The investigation is based on more than five hundred cases of enslaved slaveowners registered in ecclesiastical and manumission records in the provincial capital city of Salvador. The paper discusses the positive legal basis and common law rights that made possible this peculiar form of slave ownership. The paper relates slave ownership by slaves with the direction and volume of the slave trade, the specific contours of urban slavery, access by slaves to slave trade networks, and slave/master relations. It also discusses the web of convivial relations that involved the slaves of slaves, focusing on the ethnic and gender profiles of the enslaved master and their slaves.
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Desiderati, Christopher. Carli Creek Regional Water Quality Project: Assessing Water Quality Improvement at an Urban Stormwater Constructed Wetland. Portland State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.78.
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Stormwater management is an ongoing challenge in the United States and the world at-large. As state and municipal agencies grapple with conflicting interests like encouraging land development, complying with permits to control stormwater discharges, “urban stream syndrome” effects, and charges to steward natural resources for the long-term, some agencies may turn to constructed wetlands (CWs) as aesthetically pleasing and functional natural analogs for attenuating pollution delivered by stormwater runoff to rivers and streams. Constructed wetlands retain pollutants via common physical, physicochemical, and biological principles such as settling, adsorption, or plant and algae uptake. The efficacy of constructed wetlands for pollutant attenuation varies depending on many factors such as flow rate, pollutant loading, maintenance practices, and design features. In 2018, the culmination of efforts by Clackamas Water Environment Services and others led to the opening of the Carli Creek Water Quality Project, a 15-acre constructed wetland adjacent to Carli Creek, a small, 3500-ft tributary of the Clackamas River in Clackamas County, OR. The combined creek and constructed wetland drain an industrialized, 438-acre, impervious catchment. The wetland consists of a linear series of a detention pond and three bioretention treatment cells, contributing a combined 1.8 acres of treatment area (a 1:243 ratio with the catchment) and 3.3 acre-feet of total runoff storage. In this study, raw pollutant concentrations in runoff were evaluated against International Stormwater BMP database benchmarks and Oregon Water Quality Criteria. Concentration and mass-based reductions were calculated for 10 specific pollutants and compared to daily precipitation totals from a nearby precipitation station. Mass-based reductions were generally higher for all pollutants, largely due to runoff volume reduction on the treatment terrace. Concentration-based reductions were highly variable, and suggested export of certain pollutants (e.g., ammonia), even when reporting on a mass-basis. Mass load reductions on the terrace for total dissolved solids, nitrate+nitrite, dissolved lead, and dissolved copper were 43.3 ± 10%, 41.9 ± 10%, 36.6 ± 13%, and 43.2 ± 16%, respectively. E. coli saw log-reductions ranging from -1.3 — 3.0 on the terrace, and -1.0 — 1.8 in the creek. Oregon Water Quality Criteria were consistently met at the two in-stream sites on Carli Creek for E. coli with one exception, and for dissolved cadmium, lead, zinc, and copper (with one exception for copper). However, dissolved total solids at the downstream Carli Creek site was above the Willamette River guidance value 100 mg/L roughly 71% of the time. The precipitation record during the study was useful for explaining certain pollutant reductions, as several mechanisms are driven by physical processes, however it was not definitive. The historic rain/snow/ice event in mid-February 2021 appeared to impact mass-based reductions for all metals. Qualitatively, precipitation seemed to have the largest effect on nutrient dynamics, specifically ammonia-nitrogen. Determining exact mechanisms of pollutant removals was outside the scope of this study. An improved flow record, more targeted storm sampling, or more comprehensive nutrient profiles could aid in answering important questions on dominant mechanisms of this new constructed wetland. This study is useful in establishing a framework and baseline for understanding this one-of-a-kind regional stormwater treatment project and pursuing further questions in the future.
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Cedergren, Elin, Diana Huynh, Michael Kull, John Moodie, Hjördís Rut Sigurjónsdóttir, and Mari Wøien Meijer. Public service delivery in the Nordic Region: An exercise in collaborative governance. Nordregio, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/pb2021:2.2001-3876.
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Now, more than ever, is Nordic collaboration required across all levels of governance to help overcome the devastating socio-economic impacts of the pandemic and to solve the shared challenges posed by climate change and growing urban-rural divides. This policy brief examines six good practice examples of collaborative public service delivery from across the Nordic Region, highlighting the main drivers, challenges and enablers of collaboration and the replication potential of these Nordic collaborative examples. The policy brief finds that new and innovative models of Nordic collaboration are constantly emerging thanks to rapid technological developments that are helping to bring stakeholders together to solve common societal challenges. The high levels of cooperation outlined indicate that collaborative governance is continually evolving within the Nordic context.