Academic literature on the topic 'Urban climatology Tropics'

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Journal articles on the topic "Urban climatology Tropics"

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Devara, P. C. S., S. K. Saha, P. Ernest Raj, S. M. Sonbawne, K. K. Dani, Y. K. Tiwari, and R. S. Maheskumar. "A Four-Year Climatology of Total Column Tropical Urban Aerosol, Ozone and Vapor Distributions over Pune, India." Aerosol and Air Quality Research 5, no. 1 (2005): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4209/aaqr.2005.06.0007.

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Schroeder, Amanda, Jeffrey Basara, J. Marshall Shepherd, and Steven Nelson. "Insights into Atmospheric Contributors to Urban Flash Flooding across the United States Using an Analysis of Rawinsonde Data and Associated Calculated Parameters." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 55, no. 2 (February 2016): 313–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-14-0232.1.

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AbstractFlooding is routinely one of the most deadly weather-related hazards in the United States, which highlights the need for more hydrometeorological research related to forecasting these hazardous events. Building upon previous literature, a synergistic study analyzes hydrometeorological aspects of major urban flood events in the United States from 1977 through 2014 caused by locally heavy precipitation. Primary datasets include upper-air soundings and climatological precipitable water (PW) distributions. A major finding of this work is that major urban flood events are associated with extremely anomalous PW values, many of which exceeded the 99th percentile of the associated climatological dataset and all of which were greater than 150% of the climatological mean values. However, of the 40 cases examined in this study, only 15 had PW values that exceeded 50.4 mm (2 in.), illustrating the importance of including the location-specific PW climatology in a PW analysis relevant to the potential for flash floods. Additionally, these events revealed that, despite geographic location and time of year, most had a warm cloud depth of at least 6 km, which is defined here as the layer between the lifting condensation level and the height of the −10°C level. A “composite” flood sounding was also calculated and revealed a characteristically tropical structure, despite cases related to tropical cyclones being excluded from the study.
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Jiang, Xiaoling, Yali Luo, Da-Lin Zhang, and Mengwen Wu. "Urbanization Enhanced Summertime Extreme Hourly Precipitation over the Yangtze River Delta." Journal of Climate 33, no. 13 (July 1, 2020): 5809–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jcli-d-19-0884.1.

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AbstractAn extensive urban agglomeration has occurred over the Yangtze River delta (YRD) region of East China as a result of rapid urbanization since the middle 1990s. In this study, a 44-yr (i.e., 1975–2018) climatology of the summertime extreme hourly precipitation (EXHP; greater than the 90th percentile) over the YRD is analyzed, using historical land-use data, surface temperature, and hourly rain gauge observations, and then the relationship between rapid urbanization and EXHP changes is examined. Results show significant EXHP contrasts in diurnal variation and storm type roughly before and after middle July. That is, tropical cyclones (TCs) account for 16.4% of the total EXHP hours, 80.5% of which occur during the late summer, whereas non-TC EXHP accounts for 94.7% and 66.2% during the early and late summer, respectively. Increasing trends in occurrence frequency and amount of the non-TC and TC-induced EXHP are detected over the urban agglomeration. Statistically significant larger increasing trends in both the EXHP and surface temperature are observed at urban stations than those at the nearby rural stations. An analysis of 113 locally developed non-TC extreme rainfall events during 2011–18 summers also suggests the contribution of the urban heat island effects to the more occurrences of EXHP, especially over a band-shaped urban region where several major cities are distributed. This study reveals a significant correlation between rapid urbanization and increased EXHP during the past two decades over the YRD region. The results have important implications for understanding the impact of urbanization on EXHP changes in a warming climate.
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Devara, P. C. S., R. S. Maheskumar, P. E. Raj, G. Pandithurai, and K. K. Dani. "Recent trends in aerosol climatology and air pollution as inferred from multi-year lidar observations over a tropical urban station." International Journal of Climatology 22, no. 4 (2002): 435–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.745.

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Vijayakumar, Katta, Panuganti C. S. Devara, Sunil M. Sonbawne, David M. Giles, Brent N. Holben, Sarangam Vijaya Bhaskara Rao, and Chalicheemalapalli K. Jayasankar. "Solar radiometer sensing of multi-year aerosol features over a tropical urban station: direct-Sun and inversion products." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 10 (October 20, 2020): 5569–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5569-2020.

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Abstract. The AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) is the most developed ground-based network for aerosol remote sensing and has been playing a significant role not only in monitoring air quality for protecting human health but also in assessing the radiative budget of our planet Earth. In this paper, we report the direct-Sun and inversion products, comprising of spectral variation of aerosol optical depth (AOD), associated Ångström exponent (AE), fine- and coarse-mode aerosol fractions, aerosol size distribution (ASD), refractive index (RI), asymmetry parameter (AP), single scattering albedo (SSA), aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) and columnar concentration of gas constituents such as water vapor (H2O), obtained from a Cimel Sun–sky radiometer, functioning in Pune, India, under the AERONET program since October 2004. These long-term measurements carried out from 2005 to 2015 could serve as an urban aerosol optical long-term average or climatology. The AOD long-term variations at all wavelengths, considered in the study, exhibited an increasing trend, implying year-to-year enhancement in aerosol loading. The mean seasonal variations in AOD from cloud-free days indicated greater values during the monsoon season, revealing dominance of hygroscopic aerosol particles over the station. Contribution by different aerosol types to AOD has also been deduced and discussed, and dominance of a mixed type of aerosols (44.85 %) found, followed by combination of biomass burning and urban industrial aerosols (22.57 %) compared to other types of aerosols during the study period. The long-term datasets, derived aerosol and trace gas products play a significant role in understanding aerosol climate forcing, trends and evaluation of regional air pollution and validation of aerosol transport models over the study region.
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Vu, M. T., S. V. Raghavan, and S. Y. Liong. "SWAT use of gridded observations for simulating runoff – a Vietnam river basin study." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 8, no. 6 (December 6, 2011): 10679–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-8-10679-2011.

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Abstract. Many research studies that focus on basin hydrology have used the SWAT model to simulate runoff. One common practice in calibrating the SWAT model is the application of station data rainfall to simulate runoff. But over regions lacking robust station data, there is a problem of applying the model to study the hydrological responses. For some countries and remote areas, the rainfall data availability might be a constraint due to many different reasons such as lacking of technology, war time and financial limitation that lead to difficulty in constructing the runoff data. To overcome such a limitation, this research study uses some of the available globally gridded high resolution precipitation datasets to simulate runoff. Five popular gridded observation precipitation datasets: (1) Asian Precipitation Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards the Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE), (2) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), (3) Precipitation Estimation from Remote Sensing Information using Artificial Neural Network (PERSIANN), (4) Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP), (5) modified Global Historical Climatology Network version 2 (GHCN2) and one reanalysis dataset National Centers for Environment Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) are used to simulate runoff over the Dakbla River (a small tributary of the Mekong River) in Vietnam. Wherever possible, available station data are also used for comparison. Bilinear interpolation of these gridded datasets is used to input the precipitation data at the closest grid points to the station locations. Sensitivity Analysis and Auto-calibration are performed for the SWAT model. The Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and Coefficient of Determination (R2) indices are used to benchmark the model performance. This entails a good understanding of the response of the hydrological model to different datasets and a quantification of the uncertainties in these datasets. Such a methodology is also useful for planning on Rainfall-runoff and even reservoir/river management both at rural and urban scales.
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Simas, Iury Tadashi Hirota, Cleide Rodrigues, Pamela Cristina Cazaroto, and Breno Schmidtke Rodrigues. "Metanálise de pesquisas sobre inundações urbanas: identificação de fatores causais e métodos empregados em estudos recentes." Geography Department University of Sao Paulo 41 (July 23, 2021): e185760. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/eissn.2236-2878.rdg.2021.185760.

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No contexto de pesquisa mais ampla, com foco na investigação de fatores causais para ocorrências de inundações nas bacias urbanizadas de São Paulo, foi realizada pesquisa de metanálise sobre estudos que enfocaram inundações urbanas em diferentes perspectivas de análise dos campos do conhecimento correlatos (geomorfologia, climatologia, hidrologia, etc.). Buscou-se identificar relações entre conceitos mais associados, metodologias mais empregadas e fatores causais mais apontados. A metanálise foi realizada em duas etapas: uma mais extensiva, sobre base mundial de periódicos Web of Science, e uma de maior detalhe, sobre bases nacionais de periódicos e repositórios de teses e dissertações. Os dados da primeira etapa foram analisados por meio de mapeamento bibliométrico e os da segunda foram fichados e analisados qualitativamente. A representatividade de pesquisas sobre inundações urbanas com origem em países do meio tropical foi considerada significativamente baixa. Na subárea da climatologia e meteorologia, identificou-se preponderância da associação de “inundações” às mudanças climáticas, enquanto na geomorfologia e geociências em geral, a associação mais comum ocorre entre a variável hidrológica do escoamento superficial e a impermeabilização urbana. Dentre as produções nacionais, as pesquisas são mais comumente desenvolvidas utilizando técnicas de geoprocessamento e pesquisa histórica-documental, enquanto o uso de modelagem é dominante apenas na área da hidrologia. Os resultados corroboram com a hipótese original de trabalho, que considerou que as diferentes áreas do conhecimento diferem nas metodologias para abordagem do problema e, portanto, na identificação de variáveis causais, raramente considerando aquelas menos usuais em sua abordagem.
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Hatzianastassiou, Kalaitzi, Gavrouzou, Gkikas, Korras-Carraca, and Mihalopoulos. "A Climatological Satellite Assessment of Absorbing Carbonaceous Aerosols on a Global Scale." Atmosphere 10, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos10110671.

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A global climatology of absorbing carbonaceous aerosols (ACA) for the period 2005–2015 is obtained by using satellite MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer)-Aqua and OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument)-Aura aerosol optical properties and by applying an algorithm. The algorithm determines the frequency of presence of ACA (black and brown carbon) over the globe at 1° × 1° pixel level and on a daily basis. The results of the algorithm indicate high frequencies of ACA (up to 19 days/month) over world regions with extended biomass burning, such as the tropical forests of southern and central Africa, South America and equatorial Asia, over savannas, cropland areas or boreal forests, as well as over urban and rural areas with intense anthropogenic activities, such as the eastern coast of China or the Indo-Gangetic plain. A clear seasonality of the frequency of occurrence of ACA is evident, with increased values during June–October over southern Africa, during July–November over South America, August–November over Indonesia, November–March over central Africa and November–April over southeastern Asia. The estimated seasonality of ACA is in line with the known annual patterns of worldwide biomass-burning emissions, while other features such as the export of carbonaceous aerosols from southern Africa to the southeastern Atlantic Ocean are also successfully reproduced by the algorithm. The results indicate a noticeable interannual variability and tendencies of ACA over specific world regions during 2005–2015, such as statistically significant increasing frequency of occurrence over southern Africa and eastern Asia.
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Sanches, Rafael Grecco, Bruno César dos Santos, Gustavo Zen de Figueiredo Neves, Maurício Sanches Duarte Silva, and Paulo Henrique de Souza. "Análise da tendência pluviométrica na região central do estado de São Paulo." Revista Brasileira de Climatologia 30 (June 15, 2022): 777–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.55761/abclima.v30i18.15668.

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A climatologia tropical se evidencia no comportamento das tendências nas chuvas nessa região central do estado de São Paulo. Para tanto, compreender seu comportamento temporal e espacial assume grande relevância, em função do impacto dessas na dinâmica urbana e rural, bem como para seu planejamento estratégico. Com isso, o estudo objetivou analisar as chuvas anuais na região central do Estado de São Paulo, a fim de compreender sua evolução temporal e espacial, além de avaliar possíveis tendências para essa, que se insere na dinâmica tropical (sazonalmente chuvoso/estiagem). Foram analisados 40 anos de dados diários de chuvas, em 31 postos pluviométricos. Utilizaram-se das tendências Laplace factor e o outliers sobre as tendências intensas e extremas (36mm e 46mm) para analisar os dados temporais históricos e das tendências pluviométricas. Além disso, notou-se que nos episódios de chuvas anuais há presença marcante de regiões orográficas, também, pode influenciar nos valores de chuvas e, resultar em um comportamento pluviométrico distinto por efeito orográfico, em relação a outras áreas onde o relevo é mais plano. As chuvas anuais, portanto, tendem a concentração, uma vez que os volumes anuais diminuem ou aumentam (ciclicamente), mas, notam-se precipitações pluviométricas mais intensas (mm) em dias chuvosos, além do aumento da tendência dos dias com chuvas. E, as tendências intensas e extremas pluviométricas para detectar tendências indicam 50% para estabilidade e 43% para tendências positivas, ou seja, aumentaram dos episódios das chuvas extremas na região central do Estado de São Paulo.
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Vu, M. T., S. V. Raghavan, and S. Y. Liong. "SWAT use of gridded observations for simulating runoff – a Vietnam river basin study." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 8 (August 16, 2012): 2801–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-2801-2012.

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Abstract. Many research studies that focus on basin hydrology have applied the SWAT model using station data to simulate runoff. But over regions lacking robust station data, there is a problem of applying the model to study the hydrological responses. For some countries and remote areas, the rainfall data availability might be a constraint due to many different reasons such as lacking of technology, war time and financial limitation that lead to difficulty in constructing the runoff data. To overcome such a limitation, this research study uses some of the available globally gridded high resolution precipitation datasets to simulate runoff. Five popular gridded observation precipitation datasets: (1) Asian Precipitation Highly Resolved Observational Data Integration Towards the Evaluation of Water Resources (APHRODITE), (2) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), (3) Precipitation Estimation from Remote Sensing Information using Artificial Neural Network (PERSIANN), (4) Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP), (5) a modified version of Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN2) and one reanalysis dataset, National Centers for Environment Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) are used to simulate runoff over the Dak Bla river (a small tributary of the Mekong River) in Vietnam. Wherever possible, available station data are also used for comparison. Bilinear interpolation of these gridded datasets is used to input the precipitation data at the closest grid points to the station locations. Sensitivity Analysis and Auto-calibration are performed for the SWAT model. The Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and Coefficient of Determination (R2) indices are used to benchmark the model performance. Results indicate that the APHRODITE dataset performed very well on a daily scale simulation of discharge having a good NSE of 0.54 and R2 of 0.55, when compared to the discharge simulation using station data (0.68 and 0.71). The GPCP proved to be the next best dataset that was applied to the runoff modelling, with NSE and R2 of 0.46 and 0.51, respectively. The PERSIANN and TRMM rainfall data driven runoff did not show good agreement compared to the station data as both the NSE and R2 indices showed a low value of 0.3. GHCN2 and NCEP also did not show good correlations. The varied results by using these datasets indicate that although the gauge based and satellite-gauge merged products use some ground truth data, the different interpolation techniques and merging algorithms could also be a source of uncertainties. This entails a good understanding of the response of the hydrological model to different datasets and a quantification of the uncertainties in these datasets. Such a methodology is also useful for planning on Rainfall-runoff and even reservoir/river management both at rural and urban scales.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Urban climatology Tropics"

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Costa, Angelina Dias Leão. "O revestimento de superfícies horizontais e sua implicação microclimatica em localidade de baixa latitude com clima quente e úmido." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257747.

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Orientador: Lucila Chebel Labaki
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T14:17:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Costa_AngelinaDiasLeao_D.pdf: 32413160 bytes, checksum: ec2ca71b106a4ab0c27023a5c4efbc30 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007
Resumo: A ocupação do solo urbano influencia na qualidade térmica dos ambientes que permeiam as edificações proporcionando a existência de microclimas diferenciados dentro de uma mesma cidade; por outro lado há uma necessidade crescente de se desenvolver novas estratégias de planejamento que utilizem dados fornecidos pela climatologia e permitam a continuidade do crescimento dessas áreas de forma que a população possa viver em um ambiente equilibrado. Nesse sentido, esta tese objetiva analisar a distribuição da temperatura do ar na área urbana de uma cidade de baixa latitude e clima quente e úmido, através da proposição de uma metodologia de medição em pontos fixos, correlacionando-a com os tipos de revestimento da superfície horizontal (cobertura e piso) existentes; tendo Natal/RN como área objeto de estudo. A metodologia sintetiza práticas correntes em estudos de campo, através da tomada de dados em 02 épocas do ano distintas (verão e inverno), hora a hora, durante 07 dias típicos, em 20 pontos fixos distribuídos na cidade, com equipamentos do tipo loggers aferindo temperatura e umidade relativa do ar. Foi desenvolvida uma proteção para os equipamentos registradores para medição ao ar livre e utilizou-se de terrenos de torres de telefonia celular para as medições, pioneiramente. Também foram mapeados 0,31km2 quanto à ocupação do solo nos entornos dos pontos, com a ajuda do processamento digital de imagem de satélite. Analisaram-se estatisticamente dados dos períodos de verão e inverno separadamente e comparativamente, e os pontos de coleta semelhantes foram agrupados com relação ao comportamento térmico em 05 grupos. Além disso, foi proposto um indicador de composição de revestimento horizontal que, relacionado à temperatura do ar, gerou mapas temáticos confirmando que áreas urbanas com menor porcentagem de área permeável têm suas temperaturas mais elevadas. Verificou-se que a temperatura do ar não é homogênea na cidade; e que as diferenças microclimáticas são pequenas em valores absolutos (o que possivelmente se deve à influência da ventilação predominante Sudeste proveniente do mar), mas são significativas e devem ser consideradas. Concluiuse ainda que essas diferenças são decorrentes do período, turno e hora de medição e ainda das diversas configurações urbanas encontradas, incluindo os revestimentos das superfícies horizontais existentes na cidade (cobertura e piso), mas os resultados devem ser considerados ponto a ponto. A metodologia de medição em pontos fixos, desenvolvida e testada, pode ser aplicada em cidades localizadas em localidades de baixa latitude e clima quente e úmido, e sugere-se que a taxa de permeabilidade na cidade seja revista, considerando-se a ótica do bairro
Abstract: The occupation of the urban soil influences on the thermal quality of the cities that permeates the constructions providing microclimatic differences inside the same city; on the other hand there is a growing need to develop new planning strategies, so that data supplied by the climatology can be used and allow the continuity of the growth of those areas, so that the population can live in a balanced urban area. In that sense, this thesis aims to analyze the air temperature distribution in the urban area of low latitude cities with hot and humid climate, through the proposition of a measurement methodology in fixed points, correlating it with the types of existent horizontal surfaces pavements (covering and floor); the city of Natal/RN is the study object. The methodology synthesizes average practices in field studies, through hourly data measurement in 02 different seasons of the year (summer and winter), for 07 typical days, in 20 dispersed fixed points in the city, with loggers equipments collecting air temperature and relative humidity data. A protection was developed to equipments for outdoor recording and it was used cellular telephony towers basis for the measurements. Also 0,31km2 were mapped as for the occupation of the soil around the points, with digital processing of satellite image. Summer and winter collected data were statistically analyzed, separately and comparatively, and groups of similar points were organized regarding the thermal behavior in 05 groups. An indicator of composition of horizontal covering was proposed and related to the air temperature generated thematic maps, confirming that urban areas with higher temperatures have smaller percentage of permeable area. It was verified that the air temperature is not homogeneous in the city; that the microclimatic differences exist and are small in absolute values (what is possibly due to the influence of the Southeast predominant wind originating from the sea), but they should be considered. It was concluded that although those differences are consequence of the period, shift and hour of measurement and still of the several found urban configurations, including the coverings of the existent horizontal surfaces in the city (covering and floor), but that the results should be considered point to point. The measurement methodology in fixed points developed and tested can be applied in cities with low latitude and hot and humid climate, and in conclusion it is suggested that the permeability percentage in the city must be reviewed considering the particular occupation of neighborhoods
Doutorado
Arquitetura e Construção
Doutor em Engenharia Civil
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Nascimento, Júnior Lindberg. "Clima urbano, risco e vulnerabilidade em cidades costeiras do mundo tropical : estudo comparado entre Santos (Brasil), Maputo (Moçambique) e Brisbane (Austrália) /." Presidente Prudente, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154130.

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Orientador: João Lima Sant'Anna Neto
Banca: Margarete Cristiane de Costa Trindade Amorim
Banca: Isabel Cristina Moroz Caccia Gouveia
Banca: Ana Monteiro
Banca: Natacha Cintia Regina Aleixo
Resumo: O estudo foi baseado no Sistema do Clima Urbano articulado na abordagem da Geografia do Clima e desenvolvido por processos comparativos dos climas urbanos de Santos, no Brasil, Maputo, em Moçambique, e Brisbane, na Austrália. As três cidades estão situadas em ambientes tropicais costeiros do Hemisfério Sul, localizadas ao sul do Trópico de Capricórnio e posicionadas nos setores leste de cada país. Todas elas apresentam regime pluviométrico de clima tropical, situam-se em países em diferentes momentos do desenvolvimento desigual e combinado e apresentam anualmente registros de ocorrências de inundações e alagamentos. O objetivo foi investigar a constituição de climas urbanos que estão inseridos no mesmo domínio climático sob diferentes momentos do desenvolvimento. Neste sentido, os impactos das chuvas nas cidades não são vistos como manifestação climática adversa, de outro modo, a chuva é um dos fenômenos do clima urbano, um problema geográfico clássico que é incorporado nas tessituras socioespaciais que qualifica o fenômeno climático em risco climático. A pesquisa foi organizada com base em: análises da variabilidade mensal, sazonal e interanual da precipitação no período de 1951 a 2015; identificação de sistemas produtores de chuva no mundo tropical e nos setores costeiros; cartas geotécnicas de caracterização do sítio urbano e da susceptibilidade a inundações; elaboração de índices de vulnerabilidade a desastres naturais; e na geografia histórica da urbanização. A análise c... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Based on the Urban Climate System articulated in approach to Geography of Climate this study had developed by comparative processes between the urban climates of Santos - Brazil, Maputo - Mozambique and Brisbane - Australia. The three cities are located in Southern Hemisphere, located in the south of Tropic of Capricorn, and positioned in eastern sectors of each country. The three cities shows the rainfall patterns of tropical climate and occurrences of floods registered annually and located in counties on different moments of uneven and combined development. The objective was to investigate the constitution of urban climates at the same climatic domain witth different moments of development. That is why the rainfall impacts on the cities are not seen as an adverse climatic event. Otherwise, it is a phenomena of the urban climate, a classical geographical problem that embodied in sociospatial structure. The research was organized with: precipitation monthly and interannual variability analysis from 1951 to 2015; identification of sinoptic systems in the tropical world and coastal sectors; characterization of urban structure and susceptibility to floods; elaboration if social vulnerability index to natural disasters; historical geography of urbanization analysis. Ther comparative analisys offers a equalization moments of occupation of environmentally fragile areas and naturally susceptible to disasters, and differentiation moments as processes of sociospatial vulnerabilization... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Résumé: L'étude était basée sur le Système Climat Urbain articulé dans l'approche de la Géographie du Climat. Il a été développé par des processus comparatifs des climats urbains de Santos au Brésil, Maputo au Mozambique et Brisbane en Australie. Les trois villes sont situées dans les régions tropicales côtières du Hémisphère Sud, situé au sud du tropique du Capricorne, et positionnés dans les secteures l'Est de chaque pays. Ils ont eu un régime pluviométrique tropical, présent des occurrences d'inondations enregistrées annuelemnt et sont situés dans pays avec différents moment de développement inégal et combiné. Ainsi que l'objectif est d'étudier la constitution des climats urbains dans la même domaine climatique et avec différents moments de développement. En ce sens, les impacts des précipitations sur les villes ne sont pas considérés comme un phénomène climatique défavorable. Sinon, c'est l'un des phénomènes du climat urbain, un problème géographique classique qui est ancré dans les structure sociospatiales. La recherche a été organisée dans: l'analyse de la variabilité mensuelle et interannuelle des précipitations sur la période de 1951 à 2015; l'identification des systèmes de précipitations dans le monde tropical et dans les secteurs côtiers; cartes géotechniques caractérisant le site urbain et la susceptibilité aux inondations; l'élaboration d'indices de vulnérabilité aux catastrophes naturelles; et la géographie historique de l'urbanisation. L'analize comparative offres des m... (Résumé complet accès életronique ci-dessous)
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Teobaldo, Neto Aristóteles. "A geografia do risco e da vulnerabilidade ao calor em espaços urbanos da zona tropical : o caso Cuiabá/MT /." Presidente Prudente, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/181337.

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Orientador: Margarete Cristiane de Costa Trindade Amorim
Banca: João Lima Sant'Anna Neto
Banca: João Osvaldo Rodrigues Nunes
Banca: José Carlos Ugeda Júnior
Banca: Lúcio José Sobral da Cunha
Resumo: A sociedade que vive nos espaços urbanos da zona intertropical do Planeta Terra sofre com a maior propensão à exposição a elevadas temperaturas. Isso constitui um risco, o qual pode variar da perda de qualidade de vida a agravos na saúde mais sérios. A análise geográfica de qualquer fenômeno com origem natural adquire uma complexidade específica na zona tropical, tendo em vista ser ocupada por países marcados por profundas desigualdades sociais, fator que implica amenização ou agravamento do risco em função do grupo social. Isso posto, foi definido como principal objetivo desta tese, investigar a dimensão do risco em função da exposição ao calor em áreas urbanas tropicais, na estação mais quente do ano, tendo como estudo de caso a área urbana de Cuiabá MT, uma das mais quentes do Brasil. Para tanto foi necessário: identificar e explicar os processos produtores dos diferentes níveis de riscos e vulnerabilidades no espaço urbano; analisar o perigo que representa a exposição ao calor, através do estudo da Ilha de Calor Urbana (ICU) e do microclima domiciliar; elaborar um índice de vulnerabilidade social para áreas urbanas; analisar e explicar de que forma a vulnerabilidade social condiciona (aumenta/reduz) o perigo em função da exposição ao calor. A metodologia baseou-se na aplicação de técnicas estatísticas, geoprocessamento, trabalhos de campo e uso de banco de dados de fontes primária e secundária, com destaque para o uso de dados do Censo Demográfico 2010 (IBGE) para a elabo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The society that lives in urban spaces in the Earth's tropical zone is subject to a greater propensity of exposure to high temperatures. It constitutes a risk which may range from a reduction in the quality of life to more serious health issues. The geographic analysis of any phenomenon with natural origin embodies a specific complexity in the tropical zone as most countries in this zone are marked by deep social inequalities which imply easing or worsening of the risk according to the social group someone belongs to. Therefore, it has been established as the main goal of this thesis, to investigate the dimension of the risk according to the heat exposure in tropical urban areas during the warmest season of the year, with the urban area of Cuiabá (Mato Grosso), which is one of the warmest in Brazil, being the case study. To achieve such goal, it was necessary to: identify and explain the processes that produce the different levels of risk and vulnerability in the urban space; analyse the danger represented by heat exposure through the study of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) and the household microclimate; elaborate a social vulnerability index for the urban areas; analyse and explain how the social vulnerability constrains (increases/reduces) the danger according to heat exposure. The methodology was based on the application of statistical techniques, geoprocessing, field work and the use of first-source and second-source databases where the use of data from the 2010 Census (fro... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Resumen: La sociedad que vive en los espacios urbanos de la zona intertropical del Planeta Tierra sufre con mayor índice a la exposición a elevadas temperaturas. Esto constituye un riesgo, el cual puede variar desde la pérdida de calidad de vida a daños en la salud más serios. El análisis geográfico de cualquier fenómeno con origen natural adquiere una complejidad específica en la zona tropical, teniendo como tendencia ser ocupada por países con profundas desigualdades sociales, factor que implica reducción o agravamiento de riesgo de acuerdo con la posición social. Esto fue definido como el principal objetivo de esta tesis, investigar la dimensión del riesgo en función de la exposición al calor en áreas urbanas tropicales, en la estación más caliente del año, teniendo como estudio del caso un área urbana de Cuiabá MT, una de las más calientes de Brasil. Por lo que fue necesario: identificar y explicar los procesos productores de los diferentes niveles de riesgos y vulnerabilidad en el especio urbano, analizar el peligro que representa la exposición al calor, a través de estudio de la isla de calor urbano (ICU) y del microclima domiciliar; elaborar un índice de vulnerabilidad social condiciona (aumenta/reduce) el peligro en función de la exposición al calor. La metodología se basó en la aplicación de técnicas estadísticas, geoprocesamiento, trabajos de campo y uso de bancos de datos de fuentes primarias y secundarias, con énfasis para el uso de datos del censo demográfico 2010 (IBGE) ... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletrônico abajo)
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4

Silva, Luzia Ferreira da. "Interceptação da chuva nas espécies de Sibipiruna (Caesalpinia pluviosa DC.) e Tipuana (Tipuana tipu O. kuntze)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-05082008-144834/.

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Os estudos sobre o clima vêm adquirindo grande importância na área ambiental, principalmente em relação à qualidade do ar (poluição atmosférica), ao conforto térmico (ilhas de calor) e aos impactos pluviais (geradores de inundações urbanas). Nesses últimos, as chuvas causam muitos transtornos para a população e órgãos públicos competentes, devido aos eventos extremos, que estão acontecendo em toda parte do mundo. Esses eventos ocorrem desde uma chuva com muita intensidade, em curto espaço de tempo, até seca prolongada em certos lugares. O fato é preocupante e mesmo com tantas controvérsias sobre o assunto, é necessário um manejo, principalmente no sistema hidrológico, que se adeqüe a cada situação e que os prejuízos causados pelas enchentes não se tornem mais devastadores do que atualmente. Como a arborização pode amenizar tais efeitos impactantes, nesse propósito, foi realizado um estudo no campus da ESALQ/USP, durante o período de janeiro a fevereiro de 2007, para medir a interceptação da água da chuva pelas copas das árvores e verificar como algumas espécies poderiam minimizar enchentes em áreas urbanas. O processo de interceptação da água da chuva foi analisado em duas espécies muito comumente usadas na arborização urbana, visando obter estimativas da quantidade de interceptação (I) ou perda por interceptação, precipitação interna (PI), escoamento pelo tronco (Et) e precipitação total (PT). As espécies escolhidas foram Caesalpinia pluviosa DC. (Fabaceae: Caesalpinoideae), ou sibipiruna, e Tipuana tipu O. Kuntze (Fabaceae: Faboideae), ou tipuana, com mais de 50 anos de idade, sendo três indivíduos isolados e três em grupo de cada espécie. As medições foram feitas por meio de coleta da água não interceptada tanto nas extremidades como no centro da projeção das copas. A PI apresentou alta correlação com a quantidade de PT no centro da copa em tipuana, e na extremidade da copa em sibipiruna. O Et e a I tiveram baixa correlação com a quantidade de PT nas duas espécies. As médias de interceptação foram maiores na extremidade da copa nos indivíduos de sibipiruna, com 60,6%, e no centro da tipuana, com 59,4%. Para precipitações variando de 0 a 2,5 mm, a interceptação média foi de 78,7%, em um indivíduo de sibipiruna, na extremidade da copa e, de 80,9% nos indivíduos de tipuana, em grupo, no centro da copa. Enquanto que, para precipitação de 2,5 a 5,0 mm, a interceptação foi de 53,6% para tipuana em grupo, na extremidade e, de 51,9% na tipuana isolada, no centro da copa. A tipuana apresentou maior porcentagem média de interceptação no centro da copa, principalmente em eventos com mais de 2 horas de duração e com precipitação maior que 20,0 mm, tanto em indivíduos isolados como em grupo. Portanto, as duas espécies demonstraram grande potencial para serem plantadas no ambiente urbano, com capacidade de contribuírem para possíveis reduções das enchentes nas cidades, principalmente a tipuana que mostrou mais predisposta a essa ação.
Climate studies are receiving more attention in the environmental field, especially concerning air quality (atmosphere pollution), thermal comfort (heat islands) and pluvial impacts (urban flood generators). In the latter, the rain causes disturbance of the population and the competent public organ, due the extreme events that are increasing in the whole world. Theses events can come as a precipitation of very intensity in a short period of time, as well as a prolonged drought in a given location. The issue is worrisome and controversial, however a managerial solution is necessary and urgent, particularly about the hydrologic system for each situation so that the losses caused by floods do not become more devastating than now. With these purpose in mind, a study was carried out at the campus of \"Luiz de Queiroz\" College of Agriculture (University of Sao Paulo), Piracicaba, Brazil, from January to February 2007, in order to measure the rainfall interception by the crows of urban trees and estimate the rainfall interception that they provide to potentially minimize urban flood events. The rainfall interception was evaluated in the two commonly used species in forest urban spaces by the measurement of interception (I) or interception losses, throughfall (Th), stemflow (St) and gross precipitation (Pg). The chosen trees were more than 50 year-old specimens of Caesalpinia pluviosa DC. (Fabaceae: Caesalpinoideae) or sibipiruna, and Tipuana tipu O. Kuntze (Fabaceae: Faboideae) or tipuana, both displayed as three isolated individuals and three grouped individuals. Measurements were carried out by collecting the water falling by the edges and in the centre of the canopies. A high correlation of Th with Pg was observed on the centre of the crow of tipuana and by the edges of sibipiruna. St and I had low correlation with Pg for both species. . The rain interception mean was higher by the edges of the crow of sibipiruna individuals, 60.6%, and in the centre of the tipuana crow, 59.40%.The mean of the rainfall interception was 78.73% for one isolated sibipiruna by the edge of the crow and 80.94% for grouped tipuanas in centre of the crow, when the total precipitation ranged between 0 and 2.5 mm. For total precipitation values between 2.5 and 5.0 mm, the interception mean was 53.60% for grouped tipuanas by the edge and 51.89% in isolated tipuanas in the crow center. Thus, both species show a great potential to be planted in urban environmental, especially for the tipuana species, which presented the capacity of contributing better to reduce or minimize floods in cities.
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Books on the topic "Urban climatology Tropics"

1

Emmanuel, M. Rohinton. Urban climate challenges in the tropics: Rethinking design opportunities. New Jersesy: Imperial College Press, 2016.

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Sani, Sham. Urbanization and the atmospheric environment in the low tropics: Experiences from the Kelang Valley Region, Malaysia. Bangi: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 1987.

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Technical, Conference on Tropical Urban Climates (1993 Dhaka Bangladesh). Technical Conference on Tropical Urban Climates: Dhaka, Bangladesh, 28 March-2 April 1993. Geneva, Switzerland: World Meteorological Oganization, 1994.

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Technical, Conference on Tropical Urban Climates (1993 Dhaka Bangladesh). Technical Conference on Tropical Urban Climates, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 28 March-2 April 1993: Extended abstracts. Geneva, Switzerland: World Meteorological Oganization, 1992.

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Technical Conference on Tropical Urban Climates (1993 Dhaka, Bangladesh). Technical Conference on Tropical Urban Climates, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 28 March - 2 April 1993: Extended abstracts. Geneva: World Meteorological Organization, 1992.

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O, Ernesto Jáuregui. Bibliography of urban climate in tropical, subtropical areas, 1981-1991. Geneva, Switzerland: World Meteorological Organization, 1993.

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O, Ernesto Jáuregui. Bibliography of urban climatology for the period 1992-1995 including a special section on urban climate in tropical/subtropical areas. Geneva, Switzerland: World Meteorological Organization, 1996.

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Yu, Chen, and Nyuk Hien Wong. Tropical Urban Heat Islands: Climate, Buildings and Greenery. Taylor & Francis Group, 2015.

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Wong, Nyuk Hien, and Yu Chen. Tropical Urban Heat Islands: Climate, Buildings and Greenery. CRC Press LLC, 2008.

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Wong, Nyuk Hien, and Yu Chen. Tropical Urban Heat Islands: Climate, Buildings and Greenery. Taylor & Francis Group, 2008.

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