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Liu, Limin. "Housing market in urban China." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2007. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1442879.
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Lee, Sudhamma. "Rural-Urban Migration in China." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533797.
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Chang, Henry 1967. "Sustainable urban design in China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8346.
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Thesis (M.Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-88).
What constitutes sustainable architecture? Clearly, this is a question very much in vogue nowadays, and contemporary responses have been framed for the most part by topics such as new building technologies, energy conservation, climatically and environmentally responsive design, recyclable materials, and so on. Though sustainable architecture must certainly be about many, if not all of these things, my thesis proposes a much more familiar architectural response. Namely, I argue that the design of spaces that facilitate and promote communities is not only a necessary condition for a sustainable architecture, it is the necessary pre-condition. How does an architecture facilitate and promote communities? I have chosen the problem of housing as the vehicle to answer this question, because I believe one's living arrangement ought to be a critical opportunity for community life. To take advantage of this opportunity, I have tried to provide for variety and flexibility in public spaces, because these contribute directly to the viability and longevity of any community. I have tried to think of ways that architecture can actually give people something to do, activities that can be shared, perhaps even by cross-sections of society that do not typically have much to do with one another, because such successful collaboration is essential for the vitality of any community. And I have tried to strike a realistic balance between the day-to-day demands of contemporary lifestyles and the long term goals for a globally sustainable environment, because communities can best be expected to thrive when the needs of both the present and future generations are met.
by Henry Chang.
M.Arch.
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Hou, Yongzhou. "Urban Housing Markets in China." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11423.
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This thesis focuses on problems of prices and risks in the housing markets of urban China. What drives the dynamics of housing prices across regions is not only of great interest for academic researchers but also of first importance for policy makers. It is also interesting to pay attention to the issue of housing bubbles at a city level and risk allocations from an institutional view. To address the issues, the thesis applies both qualitative and econometric approaches in analyzing the urban housing markets of China. The first paper reviews articles mainly published in Chinese core journals. The existing studies are mainly concerned with such six topics as institutions, policy, land, finance, price and market. The first three topics involve the public housing allocation system reform, such fiscal and monetary tools as tax and interest rate, and the land reserve system. The housing finance treats such subjects of mortgages, bubbles and financial systems, while housing prices explore factors such as land prices, construction cost and exogenous forces like income. Finally, the housing market addresses housing circles and the relationship between housing demand and supply. In paper 2, the housing price dynamics is investigated at a national level and across regions by using the panel data with 30 provinces over 7 years (2001-2007). The empirical results suggest that the estimates for the fundamentals of income, user cost, housing stock and employment are robust at a national level, implying that there exists a stationary equilibrium relation in the long run between the housing price and the fundamentals above. The speed of price adjustment varies considerably across regions in the East, Midland and West. Then the housing markets in Beijing and Shanghai are examined in Paper 3 to quantify possible existence of a bubble in the two metropolitan areas. This article uses an integrated strategy involved with such fundamentals as interest rates, rent, income and GDP. The results show that Beijing might have been on the way of forming a housing price bubble between 2005 and 2008, and that there possibly existed a bubble in Shanghai from 2003 to 2004. By comparing the risk allocation in China with that in Sweden, Paper 4 explores the difference of actual risks taken by various actors. The banks and governments appear to take more risks in China, especially as the Chinese developers have a weaker financial situation than in Sweden. Households have more choices to reduce the risk by purchasing various kinds of insurance products and also by binding the interest rate.QC 20100720
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Qi, Di. "Child poverty in urban China." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.682717.
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This thesis examines the changes in the extent and nature of child povel1y in urban China using all waves of the China Health and Nutrition Survey Data (CHNS) between 1989 and 2011. It also explains how household demographic and socioeconomic characteristics impact on child poverty. A combined measure of income and deprivation is employed to measure child poverty in urban China. The number of poor children in urban China with both a low income and a low standard of living declined from 1989 to 201l. However, the number of children who were not deprived but were income poor increased sharply during this period. They are vulnerable to sinking into poverty in the future if their household income remains low. A disaggregated analysis shows that the extent of child deprivation remains a problem in 2011 including sanitation, nutrition and shelter deprivation. The analysis using a Cox proportional hazard model shows that parents' work units and the hukou type of the family exert the greatest influences on child poverty. This thesis provides strong evidence that child poverty in urban China is mainly caused by structural rather than individual factors. This calls for a fundamental reform by Chinese policy makers to remove the structural barriers to child survival and development and to ensure that all children in urban China can have equal access to social security and associated cash and in-kind benefits.
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Zheng, Jie Jane, and 鄭潔. "Urban governance and "creative industry clusters" in Shanghai's urban development." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43085258.
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Han, Ruibo. "Urban Transformation in China: From an Urban Ecological Perspective." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23246.
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China has undergone significant urban growth and industrialization over the last 30 years and its incredible development continues to move ahead at an increasingly rapid pace. In terms of urban expansion, China has just recently surpassed the world’s average urbanization rate of 50%, as it moves its massive population from rural to urban areas at an astonishing speed. It’s massive population and fast urbanizing speed aside, China is also unique in terms of its socio-political system and historical-cultural context: it is a hybrid of government planning and market forces. Since it encompasses a large part of the global population and has had a vastly different urbanization experience than that of Western countries, around which most theories are based, studying China’s urbanization is an opportunity to contribute to the field of urban studies in an unprecedented manner. However, these differences also make it difficult to develop a comprehensive study of China’s urban system since the predominant theories in the field are best suited to Western cities.
This research rises to this challenge by systematically studying the relationship between the socioeconomic and biophysical processes in the Chinese urban system to understand the interaction between human and physical factors, and the landscape patterns that result from these interactions. This complex urban system is examined using a hierarchical, top-down approach. At the highest level is a Macro-scale analysis of the national urban system, followed by a study of the regional urban system: the JingJinJi Metropolitan Area at the Meso-scale, and finally a Micro-scale examination with a focus on the city of Beijing. Since urban systems develop over both time and space, the urban system is analyzed spatio-temporally on all three levels.
Research at the national scale is composed of two parts. First, the challenges and opportunities of China’s urban development since the foundation of the People’s Republic of China in 1949 are investigated in a general context. The institutional barriers that impede the management and continuation of China’s urban development are also discussed. Rank-size Analysis and satellite images are used to present the structural transitions of city scaling and urban clusters. These changes come with a series of challenges that are also iterated and discussed. This is followed by an analysis of the spatial distribution and transition patterns of China’s urban system using Centrographic Analysis, particularly since the post-1979 reforms. Second, the Macro-scale research focuses on a study of the urban hierarchy that is based on inter-city interactions as determined by the Synthesized Gravity Model (SGM). Under this model socioeconomic variables are synthesized and represented by the Influential Factor, while the Function Distance is derived from a Network Analysis that is based on multiple transportation methods. As an improvement on the conventional Gravity Model (GM), the SGM is used to accurately establish and represent the nodal structure of China’s urban system, the evolution of its hierarchical structure, and the relationships that exist between the nodal structure and socioeconomic factors. The results based on the SGM indicate that China’s national urban system is characterized by the emergence of urban clusters with stronger inter-city interactions since the 1990s. However, development among cities within certain urban clusters is not even, although the general pattern indicates a lessening inequality among cities. Spatially, while most cities at the top of the hierarchy are located in the east of China, cities in the middle and west of the country are also gaining higher positions in the hierarchy over time.
On the Meso-scale, the applicability of the Cellular Automata (CA)-based SLEUTH model for regional urban growth pattern is studied through a focus on the JingJinJi Metropolitan Area (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei). By integrating socioeconomic factors into a modified SLEUTH model, the urban growth dynamics and future development scenarios of the area are simulated and predicted. The results based on the CA model show that this region is characterized by a dynamic development pattern with high spreading and breeding growth rules that relies greatly on the growing transportation systems. It also allows for the projection of three possible future urban growth scenarios, each occurring under different environmental and development conditions, showing the future urban growth with or without further intervention. This research confirms that four factors play essential roles in the formulation of the urban growth mechanism of the JingJinJi Metropolitan Area: Urban policies, Industry restructuring, Rural-urban migration, and Reclassification of urban boundaries.
The Micro-scale study of Beijing is conducted from two perspectives: the social and natural. The social aspect adopts the factorial ecology approach to identify the social landscape patterns and the factors that have shaped Beijing’s social space in 1990 and 2000. The social mosaic has experienced a significant change due to suburbanization, resulting in a more dynamic and complex internal structure since the 2000s. From a natural perspective, Beijing’s physical landscape patterns are extracted by processing remotely sensed images that have the same temporal span. The physical change through landscape metrics demonstrates that Beijing’s expansion has generated a more complex and fragmented land use/cover pattern. Meanwhile, transportation systems play a significant role in urban expansion, although the expansion across the space (zonal rings and directional sectors) is not even. Finally, the relationship between the social and physical landscapes is quantitatively defined by the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) technique, using physical landscape metrics as dependent variables and social areas as independent variables. The GWR is able to demonstrate the relationship between the social and physical landscapes at this level: as a city’s social mosaic becomes more varied over time it results in the fragmentation of that city’s physical space.
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Luo, Jinbin, and 羅錦斌. "Rethinking the urban river: strategies of urban transformation Donghaoyong River, Guangzhou." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4500982X.
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Tam, Wing-man Connie, and 譚詠文. "Urban renewal and urban sustainability." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43894033.
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Yang, Hui, and 杨慧. "Shifting health care regimes in urban China and the impact on the urban poor." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45142002.
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杨玺 and Xi Alex Yang. "From ladders to urban park: rethinking of urban voids for well-being." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4754448X.
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Wang, Xuefeng. "Knowledge-based urban development in China." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1035.
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This Thesis starts with a conceptual exploration of broad disciplines related to the emerging field of Knowledge-Based Urban Development (KBUD) , upon which it developed understanding of the holistic meaning of KBUD. It argues that the need for knowledge for KBUD should include all types of knowledge - the wisdom - and that KBUD, in particular knowledge city, is to enhance urban social, economic, cultural, and environmental sustainability in a balanced manner. The fundamental of knowledge city lies on its justice and inclusion, which is developed equally for all. Building upon the theoretical arguments it made, this research developed an analytical framework for analysing knowledge city. By applying the framework to both international KBUD initiatives and the Chinese case studies, it found that although there seems to be a general trend that suggests that the cities in developed countries have comparative advantages in transforming into knowledge city, the state of development is by no means the determining condition for a city to develop towards KBUD. Rather, the making of knowledge city relies on the ability to engage people of the whole community to establish an efficient institutional mechanism and develop an appropriate policy framework, which encourages and facilitates the creation of a cohesive knowledge environment, especially upgrading the city's knowledge base and fostering a cohering knowledge culture, to mobilise and apply all types of knowledge to serve and rule urban development behaviour so that it corresponds fully to the needs of enhancing the city's social, economic, cultural, and environmental sustainability. The empirical evidence from the Chinese case studies also suggests that the very recent change of China's development ideology, which calls for the development of a "harmonious society" following the "scientific development concept" approach, is meaningful, from the KBUD perspective, only if they are conducive to making connection with and adopted for coordinating localised knowledge creation, transmission and utilisation, which are regulated for the great collective interests, in other words, for people of the whole community, for social equity and inclusion. This thesis ends with offering some recommendations both for China's urban development policy and directions of future research.
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Ni, Juan, and 倪娟. "Essays on international and urban economics." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44549155.
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Gan, Guo, and 甘果. "Urban vintage: revitalization of cultural andhistorical area in urban center." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47542603.
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The urban renewal is the inevitable product during the urban development process. Chongqing has been carrying out a serious of reconstruction and urban revitalization during these years, and the SHI-BA-TI area is included in the process. SHI-BA-TI area is one of the most famous sight-spots of Chongqing which represents the traditional culture spirit of the city. So that the high-valuable culture features of the site should be reserved in the reconstruction project and expressed in new way with creative method.
The concept of my design is reserving the “old core and skin” while adding in the “new core and skin”. This reconstruction design achieved the objective that reserving the historic and cultural core of the site while adding some urban public functions upon the site, which makes the site correspond to the land value of the city center and help with enhancing the status and image of the city center.published_or_final_version
Architecture
Master
Master of Landscape Architecture
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Tan, Mime, and 陳美美. "Assimilation of urban street into urban green space system." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4500979X.
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Chan, Chi-sing, and 陳智星. "Typological transformation: a study of traditional urban dwelling and urban fabric of Guanzhou." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47186720.
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The study on urban morphology has been widely developed in Western countries especially in Europe and America after the mid-20th century. The urban morphology of a place has a corollary of the urban form which encompasses urban planning, building fabric and land utilization pattern. The evolutionary process of urban morphology, otherwise known as urban form or urban landscape, appears to be unique in many other countries, including East Asia. However, there has been little attention paid with systematic method on the study of Chinese cities adopting this cross-disciplinary approach. This study attempts to investigate the urban morphology of Guangzhou by looking into the interrelationship between urban fabric and building typology, as well as their changing pattern in the historical context. Guangzhou was the Chinese city where the first large-scale urban re-structuring attempt was made by the Nationalist Government to transform it from a pre-modern, walled city into a modern metropolis in the early twentieth century. The complexities and dynamics associated with the growth of the city are valuable information for reviewing the theories and improving our level of understanding on urban morphology.
Based on the review of literature, a theoretical framework, urban form as an outcome of the urbanization process with an emphasis on building typology and urban fabric, was established in this thesis. Within the framework, the concepts and methods of morphological analysis are adopted to analyze the physical aspects of the city at both micro and macro scales. By examining the transformation of the traditional residential building types, five selected prototypes are investigated and their corresponding evolutionary process as components of urban fabric is analyzed. Morphological analysis on urban fabric was made through the comparison on four urban districts of similar background in order to find out the distinctive characteristics for them.
On a macroscopic scale, the urban fabric has undergone a transformation in relation to the building use pattern and their forms. Three models in relation to the urban blocks of study in Guangzhou have been established as a reference and consideration when carrying out urban design and planning activities in future. The first model is the linear development of building transformation in urban blocks and the effect simultaneously infiltrating into inner layer parallel to streets. The factor of whether or not the cases which are within the ancient walled city is not a matter in respect of transformation. The second model is the fringe development infiltrating to the core whereas the fringe albeit becoming intact cannot protect the inner core from occurring transformation. The last model is the corner development of urban blocks which has become an increasingly common phenomenon, revealing the significant value to a paradigm of the transformation process.published_or_final_version
Architecture
Master
Master of Philosophy
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Tan, Rose, and 陳柳詩. "The urban fringe." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207142.
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Between the Hong Kong’s densely developed urban flatlands and its lush and well-protected country parks lay a discontinuous and ill-man- aged network of “green-belt” areas. Serving neither as effective buffers, nor for ecological purposes or recreational opportunities, this fractured network of spaces has the potential to be recalibrated within the surrounding matrix of land-uses in the city. The project explores possibilities in reconnecting, redevelop and reclaim on the existing fragmentized green belt area in the Kowloon peninsula. Work along with the current planning framework, the project raises strategies to reconnect the disconnected green belt in alignment with the surrounding land use matrix. Suggesting the utilization of green belt by analytical logic with framework planning proposed. Further- more, the strategies allow reclamation of the green belt areas and improve its ecological status while increasing its bio-diversity. Ultimately, consolidate the position of underutilize green belt land- scape as a boundary free from development eyeing yet beneficial to the citizen as the new urban fringe.published_or_final_version
Architecture
Master
Master of Landscape Architecture
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Cheng, Yun, and 程澐. "Land policy and urban renewal: a study of urban redevelopment in Shanghai." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31238300.
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Yeung, Choi-shan, and 楊彩珊. "Environmental policies, urban planning strategies and urban development in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31374372.
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Chau, Pui-see, and 鄒佩詩. "Urban form and space considerations in urban development: towards west rail." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31259893.
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Xie, Yongqing, and 解永庆. "Urban compaction and its impacts on urban development in China: a case study of Beijing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47185739.
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Compact cities, as opposed to the urban sprawl, are being advocated in many countries and regions. As a sustainable urban form, these have significant implications on the pursuit of economic, social, and environmental sustainability. However, despite their advantages, compact cities have negative impacts on urban development. Both positive and negative impacts are derived from developed countries. However, whether these impacts are applicable to developing countries remains uncertain.
This research aims to examine the development and impacts of urban compaction in China. Guided by land use policies, compact development in Beijing is currently being promoted through the intensification of existing construction areas rather than the development of new large-scale areas. This research aims to explore the development of urban compactness from the perspective of time and spatial dimensions and examine the impact of compact development.
To carry out this research, this thesis reviews the relevant theories on compact cities characterized as high-density developments and mixed-use developments of construction areas that have a well developed public transport system. These compact cities can be achieved through urban intensification. In this work, an indicator system for measuring urban compactness based on the features of compact cities (e.g., high-density development, mixed-use development, and public transport system) is proposed. The development of the urban compactness of an entire city during the period of 1992-2007 is also calculated according to the indicator system. In addition, the development of urban compactness in the different regions of inner city districts, outer city districts, and new towns in 1996, 2001, and 2006 are also studied. Given that compact cities have a significant impact on urban development, some indicators that reveal economic, social, and environmental development are utilized to test the impact of compact cities in Beijing through statistical studies and semi-structured interviews.
The results of evaluating the urban compactness development from the entire city perspective indicate rapid population growth and urbanization, along with the rapid increase of urban density in Beijing. Compared with high-density development, mixed use development has not been as rapid. With the mass construction of the subways and the increase in the provision of public buses, the development of public transport has also improved significantly. Following these results, the impact of urban compaction is analyzed, and compact development appeared to be beneficial to economic, social and environmental development, although some of its benefits have not been embodied fully. This research further examines the spatial development of urban compactness. The findings reveal that land use in the central city has become increasingly compact and that the potential for urban compactness could be further enhanced in the outer city districts. In new towns where the urban sprawl is quite severe, high-density development and mixed-use development should be promoted. To increase accessibility, the public transport system should be further improved. By analyzing the development of urban compactness, this study suggests that the support facilities and services in Beijing are insufficient compared with population growth and urbanization occurring in the city; this inadequacy leads to the backward progress of mixed-use development. As a large city, the different regions in Beijing stand in different positions that require varied development strategies to achieve urban compaction. The study fills a gap in the literature on compact development in China and population growth as well as theoretically and empirically enriches the impact of urban compaction in the context of rapid urbanization and population growth.published_or_final_version
Urban Planning and Design
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Xu, Miao. "Gated communities in China : urban design concerns." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2009. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55826/.
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Against the backdrop of market transition and urbanisation, the gated community have gained a strikingly fast growth in China in the last two decades. Looking at the key forces shaping the design and the socio-spatial consequences, this research aims to understand the design issues of gated community with respect to the well-being of the neighbouring public spaces and urban life in-between. From the perspective of spatial political economy, and based on Manuel Castells's definition of 'urban design', this study develops a research framework emphasizing the significance of context around the gated community phenomenon. A two-phase strategy is adopted to explore firstly the historical background of gated community in China with respect to the general morphological transformation and the socio-cultural and political-economic impetus behind it. Then, it narrows the focus on to a case study of a set of gated communities in the Dragon Lake Garden urban neighbourhood in Chongqing, aiming to examine in detail the design process and consequences for local public spaces. The specific methods of documentary analysis, secondary survey, direct observation, semi-structured interview are used for this research. It was the reform towards commodity housing system, and fundamentally, the de facto neo-liberal governance, that decisively gave birth to China's gated community in an era of rapid urbanisation, rural-to-urban mass migration, widening gap and confrontation between the rich and poor. But the conventional roots help account for the prevalence of the gated community in contemporary China, which embodies, or re-interprets, the traditional values, habitat culture, and morphologies that are deeply embedded in Chinese urban history. As the laissez-faire attitude in local authorities has created a favourable context for gated community development, the specific physical features have been decided largely by the developers who emphasize their own economic interests and the needs of their member-residents. However, this private-oriented approach does not necessarily result in a negative relationship between gated community and the neighbouring public spaces. The empirical investigation in this research shows that both spatial-morphological and socio-behavioural outcomes vary greatly according to different physical arrangements, and could be either positive or negative. In this regard, the design features have played an effective role in manipulating such relationship, and there are three key elements for the design of gated community. By limiting the enclosure size, diversifying the boundary effect visually and functionally, and maximising the shared amenities and facilities, a spatially and socially integrated urban neighbourhood can be fostered on the basis of a reciprocal and interdependent relationship between the gated community and the adjoining public spaces. Such physical manipulation and changes, although oriented to the public good, were not contradictory to the private interest of gated communities by nature. The private effort in this case should be encouraged and supported, but it should also be supervised and guided by the public sector. Therefore, sufficient supervision/support from government is the prerequisite of the successful physical manipulation and the final performance of the gated community development at large. Unfortunately, the local government failed to take a leading role in this regard. Very often, it was the failings or inactions on the part of the current planning regime rather than the gated community itself that resulted in the fragmented urban space which amplified the negative impacts of gated communities.
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Zhang, Chuncen. "Housing inequalities in urban China 1978-2003 /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?SOSC%202009%20ZHANG.
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Gao, Mingzheng 1965. "Population policy and urban housing in China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66389.
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Thesis (M.Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1999.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 52).
This thesis will focus on how urban housing design reflects the new one-child family population policy in the traditional urban context in Beijing, China. The population policy has changed the size and structure of traditional family, and further affected children's growing up environment. Children, used to grow up in a joint family of three generations in a traditional courtyard house, now have isolated by apartment box. The traditional social and spatial relationships among children, families, and neighbors have been extremely weakened. My intention is to restore the lost relationships for lonely children in a high density residential complex. This complex, transformed from the traditional single story courtyard house, becomes one big house, where all neighbors live under one roof as one big family. As a consequence, children in a one child family still have the same feeling of multi generations living together as their old generations had before.
by Mingzheng Gao.
M.Arch.
25
Chen, Weijia. "Essays on Rural-Urban Migration in China." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27798.
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Since the late 1980â s, China has experienced the worldâ s largest peacetime out-migration of its rural labor force to urban areas. The temporary nature of the labor migration complicates the control on this mobile population, and its multi-faceted influence on the whole economy makes the migration policy controversial. Based on cross-sectional Chinese rural household survey data, this study analyzes the effects of migration on rural areas and explores the determinants of the participation and duration of the temporary migration.
The first chapter investigates how parental migration affects the decision of enrolling children in high school through migrationâ s effects on household income and the opportunity cost of schooling in rural China. The opportunity cost of schooling is approximated by the marginal productivity of children imputed from family production estimation, which controls for potential endogeneity in the time allocation decisions of family members. The empirical results show that temporary migration of parents raises their childrenâ s probability of high school enrollment by 3.2%, resulting primarily from a positive income effect. These findings suggest that reductions in barriers to migration raise rural household earnings, and foster the investment in childrenâ s education.
The second chapter studies the determinants of participation and duration of temporary rural-urban migration in China highlighting the role of education and migrant networks. The Probit and Logit models are fitted to the dichotomous migration participation estimation. To correct for the sample selection bias, Heckmanâ s two-step procedure is used to estimate the length of migratory work. Empirical results confirm the existence of a migrant network effect on both migration participation and migration length. Schooling increases migration probability non-linearly and its effect on migration length is insignificant once migration is controlled. Furthermore, the positive effect of migrant networks on migration participation is especially prominent among individuals with junior and senior high school education.Ph. D.
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Smith, Steven Harrison. "Urban Chinese residents practicing autonomy through consumerism from 1993 to present." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41548619.
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Duvivier, Chloé. "Does Urban Proximity Enhance Rural Development in China?" Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CLF10414/document.
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Cette thèse étudie si les villes stimulent le développement économique des zones rurales voisines en Chine. Dans un premier temps, la thèse retrace l'évolution des relations entre zones urbaines et rurales depuis la période maoïste (Chapitre 1). Alors que durant des décennies entières les zones rurales ont été sacrifiées au profit des villes, depuis le début des années 2000 est apparue l'idée que les villes devaient à leur tour « soutenir les zones rurales ». A l'heure actuelle, de nombreux investissements visant à renforcer les liens entre villes et campagnes sont réalisés dans le but de favoriser la croissance rurale. Cependant, l'effet des villes sur le développement rural en Chine demeure profondément méconnu. L'objectif de cette thèse est ainsi de fournir une analyse détaillée de l'effet des villes sur le développement rural afin de comprendre si renforcer les liens urbains-ruraux peut constituer une stratégie de développement rural efficace. Après avoir défini ce que l'on entend par zones urbaines et rurales en Chine (Chapitre 2), nous passons en revue la littérature sur l'effet des villes sur le développement rural (Chapitre 3). Les trois chapitres suivants fournissent des analyses empiriques. La première analyse empirique s'attache à l'effet des villes sur le secteur agricole des zones rurales avoisinantes (Chapitre 4). Ensuite, nous étudions l'effet des villes sur le secteur rural non-agricole (Chapitre 5). Enfin, alors que les deux premières analyses empiriques se concentrent sur l'effet des villes sur la performance économique rurale, la dernière étude analyse l'effet des villes sur le développement rural, en estimant l'impact de la proximité urbaine sur la pollution rurale (Chapitre 6). A la lumière des résultats obtenus, nous nous interrogeons sur l'efficacité d'une politique visant à renforcer les liens villes-campagnes en Chine (Chapitre 7)This dissertation studies whether cities enhance development in nearby rural areas in China. First, we recount the evolution of urban-rural relations since the Maoist period (Chapter 1). While rural areas were sacrificed in favor of cities for decades, since the early 2000s the government has indicated that cities should “support the countryside". Nowadays, a high number of investments have been realized to strengthen linkages between urban and rural areas with the aim of enabling cities to promote rural development. However, very little is known about the effective impact of cities on nearby rural areas in the specific Chinese context. The present dissertation aims at providing a detailed analysis of the role of cities on rural areas in order to assess whether strengthening urban-rural linkages is an effective rural development strategy. After having defined what we mean by urban and rural areas in China (Chapter 2), we provide a review of the literature on the role of cities in rural development (Chapter 3). The following three chapters present empirical investigations. The first empirical test focuses on the effect of cities on the agricultural sector of nearby rural areas (Chapter 4). We then study the impact of cities on the rural non-agricultural sector (Chapter 5). Finally, after having focused on the economic impact of cities, we investigate the effect of cities on rural development by testing whether urban proximity significantly increases rural pollution in China (Chapter 6). In the light of the results obtained, we consider whether relying on cities to enhance rural development could be an effective strategy (Chapter 7)
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馮顯棠 and Hin-tong Breeze Fung. "Conservation of urban life: urban renewal as urban surgery." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31986432.
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Hu, Jiayu, and 胡嘉渝. "Designing Hong Kong towards a sustainable urban form: the significance of urban design." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260512.
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Lee, Ka-wing Jason, and 李家榮. "Pedestrianization and urban form." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31260305.
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吳建城 and Kin-shing Ng. "Land acquisition for urban renewal and urban design by Land Development Corporation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31980260.
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Wong, Yue-kwong Michael, and 黃宇光. "Air quality and urban development." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254433.
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Liu, Hung-to. "Urban forestry in China : a biogeographical study in Guangzhou city /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19943246.
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Gao, Lu S. M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Housing policy in China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69463.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-64).
In the last three decades, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has managed to replace its welfare-based urban housing system with a market-based housing provision scheme. With such significant housing policy changes, the PRC has successfully expanded urban home ownership and impressively increased per capita housing consumption. The housing market has become one of the major pillar industries in the country's economic boom. However, affordable housing development has been greatly lagging behind the ever-increasing housing needs of a large lower-income population in the country, while housing price bubbles cast a shadow on sustainable economic development in the PRC. The main reasons for such challenges include the inefficiency of financial tools to regulate the housing market; and the discrete interests among the central government, local governments, and real estate developers. Within the context of the ongoing global economic recession after the financial crisis in 2008, it is even more critical to balance the PRC's housing development, both to address the people's housing needs, and to maintain sustainable growth.
by Lu Gao.
S.M.
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Chen, Jennie 1976. "Urban architextures : a search for an authentic Shanghai." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79832.
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As cities have evolved over history as a function of human behaviour, they represent the rich social laboratories of a particular civilization. Because of its ancient roots and its particular historical evolution, the urban tradition in China is appreciatively unique, but yet as China is rapidly thrust into modernity and post-modernity of global interdependence most evident in its urban centres, one can discern clearly the serious cultural disparities that threaten the social fabric of the Chinese people. It is through the massive development of its major metropolises that China is embarking on a disturbing trend of false development, a top-down process which imposes disparate images and illusory expectations on a politically-fatigued society. As the centrepiece of China's entrance onto the international stage, the city of Shanghai represents both the vision of Chinas future, but perhaps also its social demise.
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Law, Shue-nam Alfred, and 羅樹楠. "Urban form in achieving sustainable communities: mega-podium versus at-grade development in urban regeneration." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46737327.
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Andersson, Cecilie. "Migrant Positioning : In Transforming Urban Ambience Urban Villages and the City, Guangzhou, China." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for byforming og planlegging, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-17509.
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Zhong, Yijia, and 钟毅嘉. "Spatial justice in urban planning: redevelopment of urban villages and housing for migrant workers inGuangzhou, China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B49885856.
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A just city is what urban planning should be fighting for. In Chinese cities, however, spatial justice has been seriously overlooked in many aspects of urban development. Using the theoretical framework devised with spatial justice theories, urban power structure, and the theories and practices of urban renewal and housing for migrants in developed countries, this dissertation has evaluated the impacts of urban planning and urban policies on the housing for migrant workers. A case study of the redevelopment project of Liede Village in Guangzhou has been conducted to illustrate the scenario.
Findings show that the policies and planning have brought together the government, the market, and the village, making them the core of the growth coalition, and marginalizing the migrant workers in the situation of the redevelopment of urban villages in Guangzhou. This alliance, aiming for growth, has helped commoditize the space reproduced during the process. The commoditization of land and housing is driving up the value of the properties. Migrant workers with limited income and rural Hukou status can only move to other villages. While Guangzhou is planning to redevelop nearly all the urban villages within the city core, migrant workers have to migrate to places where is far from the city center to seek for affordable housing, completing a migration pattern from the city center to the edge.
It is concluded that the spatial injustice in the problem of the urban villages in Guangzhou has not been solved with the redevelopment. In contrast, it is exacerbated by urban planning and urban policies. A more inclusive, peopleoriented planning approach as well as other institutional changes is required for promoting spatial justice in Chinese cities.published_or_final_version
Urban Planning and Design
Master
Master of Science in Urban Planning
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DAI, Erbiao, and Jinjun XUE. "Housing Disparity and Income Inequality in Urban China." 名古屋大学大学院経済学研究科, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/9590.
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Ren, Xuefei. "Building globalization transnational architectural production in urban China /." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3262289.
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Li, Jun. "The legitimation of inequality in transitional urban China /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?SOSC%202009%20LI.
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Meng, Lei. "Essays on rural-urban migration in hinterland China." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3356279.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed July 2, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-124).
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Gan, Lurui. "A Study of urban housing affordability in China." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-150424.
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This master thesis is devoted to understand urban housing affordability in China. The purpose of this thesis has been to investigate different approaches of studying housing affordability, and the policy and social complications of the measurement of Chinese urban housing affordability. The analysis is performed in three steps. The first part reviews articles and existing studies concerning the definition of housing affordability by Hui, 2001. Two approaches are used, and a new model is built based on the two to definitions of housing affordability. The second part presents data of Chinese housing affordability based on house price to income ratio-HPI ratio for Beijing and Shanghai. The income distribution is considered as the primary factor to use HPI ratio in this section. The third part examines reforms and policies regarding housing affordability, and analyzes the positive and negative roles of government in the homeownership based housing affordability development. The last part adjusts the social complications of housing affordability study, including better home quality and size, high saving rate and imbalance of demand and supply. In this section, Chinese social characteristics are studied with housing affordability. According to my study, housing affordability deteriorated after Chinese housing privatization. Low and middle income groups are suffering the most from it. Economic developed cites are suffering more than other cities. Government policies like social housing are not satisfying the needed groups. Housing provident fund is increasing the inequality among income classes.
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Zhang, Cong. "Patrilineal Ideology and Grandmother Care in Urban China." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:27112687.
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My dissertation explores an important but understudied dimension of interaction in China’s declining patrilineal kinship system – the childcare support provided by grandparents. Traditionally, paternal grandparents exclusively provided childcare support. Now, this practice appears to be undergoing a transformation towards a more bilateral approach where both maternal and paternal grandparents are involved in childcare. To better understand the changing norms, I investigated the choices of and experiences with grandmother care for 362 urban families with infants in China.
In the first study, I examined parents’ motivations for utilizing maternal versus paternal grandmother care by analyzing semi-structured interview data from a subsample of 77 families. Parents discussed four major considerations affecting their selection process, including grandmothers’ availability and qualifications, avoidance of patrilineal conflicts, and construction of multi-caregiver coalitions. Further examination suggested that stronger influence of interpersonal relationships on intergenerational interactions, women’s increased power in connecting with natal families, and a shift from lineage-determined to skill- and child-based care choice may have led to new norms in child care patterns. These findings suggest that the increase in maternal grandmother care reflects the weakening of patrilineality in Chinese society resulting from China’s rapid modernization.
In the second study, I explored the associations between the type of grandmother care and parents’ adaptation to parenthood, using a mixed-method approach. Quantitative analysis of the survey data showed that overall grandmother support was found to reduce parenting stress for mothers, but not fathers. In addition, no type of grandmother support, for either mothers or fathers, increased parenting stress. Finally, mothers appeared to be more sensitive to the support offered by their own mother than their in-law. Qualitative analysis of the interview data revealed that the different relationships mothers had with maternal versus paternal grandmothers might have shaped the differences in mothers’ perceived quantity/quality of and satisfaction with the support received. The interviews also suggested that gendered parenting roles that prescribed mother’s primary role as caregiver and father’s primary role as breadwinner may partly explain why grandmother support was more salient for mothers than fathers as a coping resource.
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Hird, Derek. "White-collar men and masculinities in contemporary urban China." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2009. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/90x85/white-collar-men-and-masculinities-in-contemporary-urban-china.
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This work investigates the characteristics of masculinity that are at the symbolic heart of China’s economic success, and of which the figure of the white-collar man is emblematic. Based on fieldwork observations, interview and media publications, it examines the gendered practices, aspirations and attitudes of men who identify with or aspire to white-collar status alongside discursive representations of the Chinese white-collar man, interrogating the links between practice and discourse. Drawing on various approaches to theorizing subjectivity, it argues that white-collar masculinity is performed in ways that suggest both radical shifts and continuities in understandings of gender, which challenge the prevalent teleological narrative of China’s modernization. The first chapter sets the scene for white-collar masculinity in the reform era and discusses fieldwork methodologies. Chapter two sets out the theoretical framework adopted to analyse the gendered white-collar subject, and examines academic literature on masculinities in China. Chapter three examines the ‘body culture’ of informants, and how they ‘bring themselves’ to white-collar discourse through attention to their bodies in areas of daily life such as dress, movement and hygiene. Chapters four and five look respectively at the production of corporate masculinity both inside and outside the office, through an exploration of business and leisure practices, and their overlap. Chapter six takes a close look at the young white-collar man as (heterosexual) boyfriend and husband and the final chapter investigates sexualisations of young urban middle-class males, and comments on their transformative possibilities.
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蔡鴻達 and Hung-tat Lennon Choy. "Urban renewal in Hong Kong: toward a strategic urban design approach." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31980168.
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Koon, Sun-fai, and 官晨暉. "Urban governance and social movements in the context of urban regeneration in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4673708X.
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Yau, Yuk-ha Selina, and 游玉霞. "The Chinese model of urban land and housing developments." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46542140.
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Hodder, Rupert. "Some dynamics of peri-urban vegetable farming in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31208216.
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Yeh, Ting-Fun A. "Place-making in traditional China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14989.
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Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1986.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH
Bibliography: leaves 166-171.
by Ting-Fun A. Yeh.
M.C.P.