Journal articles on the topic 'Urban birds'
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Braman, George N. "Urban Birds." Annals of Internal Medicine 136, no. 3 (February 5, 2002): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-136-3-200202050-00006.
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Utami, Retno Nur, Siti Nurul Rofiqo Irwan, Ahmad Sawardi, and Alia Bihrajihant Raya. "Daya Tarik Keanekaragaman Burung di Jalur Hijau Jalan Kota Yogyakarta." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 26, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 267–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.26.2.267.
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Urban greenery plays an important role in providing a biodiversity habitat of vegetation and birds as biotics in the urban ecosystem. The biodiversity can show attractions in Yogyakarta city as a tourism destination in Indonesia. This research was conducted on three types of roads of the secondary artery (SA), secondary collector (SC), and local (L). The bird diversity depended on tree greenery as its habitat and food source. This research aimed (1) to analyze bird diversity on the roadside greenery in Yogyakarta City, and (1) to reveal the attraction of birds on the urban greenery as a tourism attraction. The sample units were selected by the method of stratified random sampling. The bird observation was used by the method of transect line conducted on the three categories of roads in Yogyakarta City. The bird diversity was analyzed by Shannon-Wiener's (H') index diversity, and bird activity was descriptively analyzed. The number of birds found in the greenery was 685 belong to 12 species. The diversity indexes (H') of the birds on the roads of the secondary artery (SA), secondary collector (SC), and local (L) categories were 0.697 (low), 1.001 (medium), and 1.246 (medium). The index shows the equal quality of the bird attractions in the city. The low-medium of index value should be improved to reach a high H'. The improvement should be carried out by landscape planning for urban tourism through planting food source trees or habitat trees for birds on the urban greenery of Yogyakarta. The strength of the urban attraction of birds was also supported by species diversity, conservation status, bird activity, habitat trees, and the ecological function of urban trees on the roadside greenery of Yogyakarta city.
Keywords: bird diversity, roadside greenery, urban attraction, urban greenery, Yogyakarta
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Mardiastuti, A. "Urban trees to attract wild birds in a tropical urban residential complex in Sentul, West Java, Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 918, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/918/1/012003.
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Abstract In an urban residential complex, in addition to providing environmental services, trees also attract wild birds. The objective of this research was to identify trees planted in tropical urban residential areas that can attract wild birds. The research was conducted in Sentul City Residential Complex, Bogor, West Java, by observing wild birds that visit certain trees as part of their habitat components. Trees provide nectar, fruits, seeds, and insects as food for birds and nest materials. Trees also have important functions as birds’ cover and nesting sites. There were 103 tree species, all basically supporting the life of 51 bird species found in the study area. Examples of nectar producer trees were Spathodea campanulata, Callistemon citrinus, Erythrina crista-galli; fruit producers were Muntingia calabura, Syzygium polyanthum, Ficus benjamina; seeds producers were Leucaena leucocephala, Paraserianthes falcataria. Many trees also attracted insects for bird food, including Acacia mangium, Samanea saman. Conifers and small twigs and leaf petioles/rachis of many legumes, for example, Delonix regia, Calliandra calothyrsus) can be used as nest materials. Careful selection of trees could attract many wild birds to increase the environmental quality of the residential areas.
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Nelson, Bryan Raveen, Mazrul Aswady Mamat, Wong Cheeho, and Salwa Shahimi. "Forest birds as diversity indicator in suburban and residential areas." Ecofeminism and Climate Change 1, no. 1 (May 18, 2020): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/efcc-03-2020-0007.
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Purpose Birds are biological indicators for environment health in which their sightings and abundance could reflect a certain situation or become evaluation tool for co-existence of another species. Here, the study aims to observe urban settlements with substantial forestation, may it be artificial or natural, and the occurrence of bird assemblage across time. Considering the foraging activity of birds hardcoded with sustainability, their spatial overlap resultant into service provision, which can mean, baseline occurrence or an expected encounter equates to support system for ecological vigour. Design/methodology/approach From this, birds could indicate external environment vulnerability related to climatic fluctuations, whereby documentation of their arrival across spatial-temporal regimes allowed us to understand their distribution between residential and forested areas. Findings Though urban birds are abundant and viewed less important for conservation, the existence of certain species such as long-tailed shrike and little green pigeon disclose the types of food they consume and, the other types of birds attracted to their prey. With regard, the sightings of these birds would mean an encounter with 20 or more other species at a bird watching occasion, though it is limited to the sightings of urban birds. Originality/value Subject to criteria for green space, attaining plenty of bird species provides understanding of food availability, the support services and opportunity for urban birds to thrive in midst the opportunity for resources such as food, perching grounds and sufficient numbers of counterparts to reproduce into healthy urban bird populations.
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Aslam, M. Faisal Raza, Azhar Rafique, and M. Luqman. "Diversity and Distribution of Avian Fauna in Relation to Urban Landscape in Faisalabad City, Pakistan (a review)." Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences 10, no. 2 (June 27, 2022): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.22194/jgias/10.991.
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Urbanization affected the birds; by establishing the urban areas, plantations had to be cut, which played an essential role in decreasing the diversity of birds. The bird’s species, including the migratory population, is a crucial bioindicator of the ecosystem that plays an important role in various natural phenomena, including the multiple variations in the various species of plants. The avian fauna is mainly affected by global change, roadways, noise pollution, urbanization, deforestation, risky human behaviors, climate change, and absurd land use. This study is based on a survey of peer-reviewed papers that summarize the effect of development, urbanization, urban areas, and climate change on the diversity of birds and migration according to their ecosystems. As a result, increasing population demands more urbanization and deforestation, but as a comparison, we need to establish effective strategies that can help avian fauna in urban areas and provide suitable conditions for the bird species.
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Novriyanti, N., I. Ihsan, B. Irawan, and C. Wulan. "Fragmented urban areas: Can plants encourage birds in Jambi City urban space?" IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 918, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/918/1/012028.
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Abstract This study aims to estimate the extent to which vegetation can encourage the presence of birds in the urban city area. Forest area, urban plantation, grove area, and residential area are The Muhammad Sabki Urban Forest location for bird and plant observed in some circular plots (r=25 m) in the morning and afternoon. Bird directly and identified using a field guide and marked plant species immediately identified using the Plantamor website. The data were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener Index (H’), The Margalef Index (Dmg), and some using Correlative and regression analysis with IBM SPSS Statistics 28. The results obtained 23 species and a total of 534 individual birds from all observed urban space habitats. All Shannon-Wiener Index (H’) values in each studied habitat type showed a moderate diversity level and low species richness (Dmg). There are 22 plant species that have been identified as places of bird activity. Correlation analysis of the number of plant species on bird species and the number of bird species on bird individuals shows a strong relationship. However, regression analysis shows that the partially analyzed variables have no significant effect, so additional values are needed from other factors.
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Huang, Peilin, Dulai Zheng, Yijing Yan, Weizhen Xu, Yujie Zhao, Ziluo Huang, Yinghong Ding, et al. "Effects of Landscape Features on Bird Community in Winter Urban Parks." Animals 12, no. 23 (December 6, 2022): 3442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12233442.
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Urban parks, as critical components of the urban green space, have practical significance in studying the influence of landscape characteristics on birds. Nine urban parks in Fuzhou, China, were used as study objects to explore the influence of landscape features (patch, landscape, and surrounding environment indices) on bird communities. The results showed that (1) from December 2021 to February 2022, we found a total of 2874 individuals belonging to 61 species of 9 orders, 32 families, which were dominated by the birds of Passeriformes (37 species of 24 families, accounting for 89.91% of the total number of individuals) and resident birds in Fuzhou urban parks (n = 30; 85.46%); (2) The park area, park perimeter, woodland area, grassland area, and the park shape index increased as the distance to the city center increases; (3) Bird diversity responds differently to different landscape features. The total abundance of birds, the abundance of winter migrant birds, and the richness of winter migrant birds increased with the park area. And the park shape index affects positively for the the α-diversity of birds and the abundance of resident birds. Woodland proportion and waterbody shape index affected positively on the richness and α-diversity of resident birds. To promote the diversity of regional birds, it is recommended that the construction and planning of urban parks should enlarge the park area as much as possible, increase the proportion of woodland, and make shorelines more irregular. Our study could serve as a reference for the construction of biodiversity enhancements in core green areas of urban parks.
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Díaz, Mario, Anna Ramos, and Elena D. Concepción. "Changing urban bird diversity: how to manage adaptively our closest relation with wildlife." Ecosistemas 31, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 2354. http://dx.doi.org/10.7818/ecos.2354.
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We human beings are becoming urban citizens. More and more people spend their lives in urban environments, so that the conservation and improvement of urban biodiversity is an increasingly hot topic. On the one hand, as cities grow bigger and more populated they can become more hostile for some birds, but cities can also be safer than the surrounding rural environment for others. On the other hand, factors affecting negatively or positively wild birds may also influence human’s health, either directly (e.g. pollution) or indirectly (enjoying wildlife diversity could contribute to improve our wellbeing). We review current state of knowledge on factors determining the abundance, diversity and health of urban birds, and derive methods for diagnosing what factors are acting in each particular case. Diagnoses are essential to design effective and efficient ways to manage urban bird diversity and improve it adaptively. We also address whether factors affecting birds could affect citizenship directly, so that urban birds can be used as indicators for healthy urban environments. Investigating and improving urban bird life can also improve human wellbeing through people’s involvement on citizen science programs. Monitoring approaches taken by both authorities and NGOs are still too general and badly designed, but collaboration among scientist, volunteers and authorities will contribute to make them effective. Improving citizen involvement will in turn contribute to improve urban bird diversity, closing a win-win loop for both people and wildlife wellbeing.
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Díaz, Mario, Anna Ramos, and Elena D. Concepción. "Changing urban bird diversity: how to manage adaptively our closest relation with wildlife." Ecosistemas 31, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 2354. http://dx.doi.org/10.7818/ecos.2354.
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We human beings are becoming urban citizens. More and more people spend their lives in urban environments, so that the conservation and improvement of urban biodiversity is an increasingly hot topic. On the one hand, as cities grow bigger and more populated they can become more hostile for some birds, but cities can also be safer than the surrounding rural environment for others. On the other hand, factors affecting negatively or positively wild birds may also influence human’s health, either directly (e.g. pollution) or indirectly (enjoying wildlife diversity could contribute to improve our wellbeing). We review current state of knowledge on factors determining the abundance, diversity and health of urban birds, and derive methods for diagnosing what factors are acting in each particular case. Diagnoses are essential to design effective and efficient ways to manage urban bird diversity and improve it adaptively. We also address whether factors affecting birds could affect citizenship directly, so that urban birds can be used as indicators for healthy urban environments. Investigating and improving urban bird life can also improve human wellbeing through people’s involvement on citizen science programs. Monitoring approaches taken by both authorities and NGOs are still too general and badly designed, but collaboration among scientist, volunteers and authorities will contribute to make them effective. Improving citizen involvement will in turn contribute to improve urban bird diversity, closing a win-win loop for both people and wildlife wellbeing.
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Wu, Jueying, Jinli Hu, Xinyu Zhao, Yangyang Sun, and Guang Hu. "Role of tea plantations in the maintenance of bird diversity in Anji County, China." PeerJ 11 (February 13, 2023): e14801. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14801.
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Background Tea plantations support regional sustainable development and have the potential to support more biodiversity than urban open spaces. Numerous studies have shown the value of low-intensity agroecosystems for preserving biodiversity, however tea plantations have received less attention. The relationship between tea plantations and the diversity of macro-organisms, such as birds, is still not fully understood. Methods We investigated the bird diversity and vegetation conditions and calculated landscape metrics in 30 tea plantations in Anji County, Zhejiang Province, China. At these 30 sampling sites, we recorded 262 individuals belonging to 37 species, which were classified into two guilds: nature- and urban-dependent birds. We used cluster analysis to group the sampling sites based on the abundance of the birds. Then we evaluated the effects of associated plant diversity in tea plantations and the surrounding landscape composition on these bird guilds using species association computation and a generalized linear model. Results The results show that the maintenance of bird diversity by tea plantations benefits both nature- and urban-dependent birds. We found that landscape-scale factors surrounding the tea plantations mainly affected the bird richness due to their habitat selection. Landscape agglomeration and habitat quality were the dominant landscape-scale metrics. Patch-scale factors of tea plantations, especially the vegetation structure, had a strong influence on the abundance of the birds. Nature-dependent birds preferred to occur in tea plantations with perennial herbs, while urban-dependent birds were attracted by the general distributed plants, as annual herbs. Therefore, we concluded that tea plantations play an important role as a transitional zone between natural habitats and urban areas, thus reducing the impact of urbanization and maintaining bird diversity in low-quality habitats.
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Ali, A. A., N. H. Idris, and M. H. I. Ishak. "THE INFLUENCE OF LAND-USE LAND-COVER CHANGES ON URBAN BIRD COMMUNITIES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W16 (October 1, 2019): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w16-93-2019.
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Abstract. City development changes the landscape and has been claimed to pose threat to the survival of birds that heavily relies on healthy forest ecosystem. As such, this study assessed the effect of land-use land-cover (LULC) changes due to sub-urbanisation on birds’ community using geostatistical method. In this study, geostatistical analyses, namely Kernel Density and Ordinary Least Square (OLS), were executed to identify the dominant factors that affected the birds’ community in the Johor Bahru region. The birding data were obtained from eBird, an online crowd source database of bird distribution. The distribution of bird community was analysed by using Kernel density for years 2016 and 2018. This study found that the hotspot locations of the birds were in Danga Bay and Kempas Denai for year 2016, whereas Kampung Pok, Bukit Chagar, Taman Sentosa and Kampung Dato Sulaiman Menteri for year 2018. Certain urban bird species increased from year 2016 to 2018. The OLS regression was applied to analyse the relationship between birds’ occurrence and LULC features within the study area. The global regression model indicated that distance to forest and distance to recreational and open space were positively associated with the number of bird occurrence. On the contrary, distance to road was negatively associated with the number of bird occurrence. The OLS model for year 2016 between birds’ occurrence and distance to road, distance to forest, as well as distance to recreational and open space, demonstrated an adjusted R2 value of 0.32. In year 2018, the correlation between birds’ occurrence and distance to road, as well as distance to recreational and open space, demonstrated an adjusted R2 value of 0.11. As a conclusion, urbanisation seems to affect the birds’ communities as it increases the number of urban birds spotted in Johor Bahru, which is attributed to the increasing recreational and open space areas in Johor Bahru. The study outcomes can be applied to comprehend the relationship between birds’ community and LULC changes, as a result of urbanisation.
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Shome, Ashikur Rahman, M. Firoj Jaman, Md Fazle Rabbe, and Md Mahabub Alam. "Bird diversity, composition and response during COVID-19 in an urban landscape, Jamalpur, Bangladesh." Dhaka University Journal of Biological Sciences 30, no. 2 (July 9, 2021): 261–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v30i2.54651.
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The world has been encountering a COVID-19 pandemic since late 2019. The world’s people have also witnessed the free movement of wildlife, even in many urban areas in some countries during the imposed lockdown. We conducted research on the birds in the urban landscape of Jamalpur Sadar upazila from March 2020 to October 2020 during this pandemic situation. A total of 134 species of birds with 4338 individuals were recorded during the study period. The number of resident bird species was the maximum (115 species, 85.82%) compared to migrants. The highest number of birds was observed (120 species, 89.55%) and counted 2278 individual birds 52.51%) in the summer season. It was observed that the highest diversity of birds (89 species, 65.92%) was in March. The tree was the most (94 species, n = 2502) used microhabitat by birds in the study area. Among all birds, Pycnonotus cafer was the most abundant bird species with the highest relative abundance (6.11%). Some bird species (e.g. Metopidius indicus, Anastomus oscitans, Amaurornis phoenicurus, Streptopelia tranquebarica, Lonchura malacca) were frequently observed in the urban landscape of the study area during the pandemic. Proper management and awareness creation are essential for the conservation of the bird species in this area.
Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 30(2): 261-274, 2021 (July)
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Van Doren, Benjamin M., Kyle G. Horton, Adriaan M. Dokter, Holger Klinck, Susan B. Elbin, and Andrew Farnsworth. "High-intensity urban light installation dramatically alters nocturnal bird migration." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 42 (October 2, 2017): 11175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708574114.
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Billions of nocturnally migrating birds move through increasingly photopolluted skies, relying on cues for navigation and orientation that artificial light at night (ALAN) can impair. However, no studies have quantified avian responses to powerful ground-based light sources in urban areas. We studied effects of ALAN on migrating birds by monitoring the beams of the National September 11 Memorial & Museum's “Tribute in Light” in New York, quantifying behavioral responses with radar and acoustic sensors and modeling disorientation and attraction with simulations. This single light source induced significant behavioral alterations in birds, even in good visibility conditions, in this heavily photopolluted environment, and to altitudes up to 4 km. We estimate that the installation influenced ≈1.1 million birds during our study period of 7 d over 7 y. When the installation was illuminated, birds aggregated in high densities, decreased flight speeds, followed circular flight paths, and vocalized frequently. Simulations revealed a high probability of disorientation and subsequent attraction for nearby birds, and bird densities near the installation exceeded magnitudes 20 times greater than surrounding baseline densities during each year’s observations. However, behavioral disruptions disappeared when lights were extinguished, suggesting that selective removal of light during nights with substantial bird migration is a viable strategy for minimizing potentially fatal interactions among ALAN, structures, and birds. Our results also highlight the value of additional studies describing behavioral patterns of nocturnally migrating birds in powerful lights in urban areas as well as conservation implications for such lighting installations.
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Gordo, Oscar, Lluís Brotons, Sergi Herrando, and Gabriel Gargallo. "Rapid behavioural response of urban birds to COVID-19 lockdown." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1946 (March 10, 2021): 20202513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2513.
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Biodiversity is threatened by the growth of urban areas. However, it is still poorly understood how animals can cope with and adapt to these rapid and dramatic transformations of natural environments. The COVID-19 pandemic provides us with a unique opportunity to unveil the mechanisms involved in this process. Lockdown measures imposed in most countries are causing an unprecedented reduction of human activities, giving us an experimental setting to assess the effects of our lifestyle on biodiversity. We studied the birds' response to the population lockdown by using more than 126 000 bird records collected by a citizen science project in northeastern Spain. We compared the occurrence and detectability of birds during the spring 2020 lockdown with baseline data from previous years in the same urban areas and dates. We found that birds did not increase their probability of occurrence in urban areas during the lockdown, refuting the hypothesis that nature has recovered its space in human-emptied urban areas. However, we found an increase in bird detectability, especially during early morning, suggesting a rapid change in the birds’ daily routines in response to quieter and less crowded cities. Therefore, urban birds show high behavioural plasticity to rapidly adjust to novel environmental conditions, such as those imposed by the COVID-19.
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Saulnier, Agnès, Josefa Bleu, Gildas Lemonnier, Pierre Uhlrich, Sandrine Zahn, and Sylvie Massemin. "Does the Urban Environment Act as a Filter on the Individual Quality of Birds?" Birds 3, no. 1 (February 5, 2022): 84–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/birds3010007.
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Phenotypic divergences of birds are common between urban and natural habitats and can result from different selective pressures between habitats or maladaptation to the city. No uniform patterns were observed, especially concerning markers of bird health, such as, for example, telomere length. Telomeres are involved in maintaining genome integrity and naturally shorten with age, but environmental stressors can accelerate their attrition. Thus, telomere length can be an indicator of individual quality. Some studies showed that urban breeders had longer telomeres than forest individuals. Two hypotheses can explain this result: (1) urban breeders are younger than forests breeders, and (2) cities act as a filter on individuals and only high-quality birds can successfully reproduce. In this context, we compared the age category (molting pattern) and morphological and physiological characteristics of urban and forest Great Tits before and during breeding. No differences in age or body condition were observed. However, urban breeders were smaller and had shorter telomeres than birds captured in winter. Urban birds had longer telomeres than forest birds, only in winter. These results highlight that urban habitats potentially favor smaller birds. However, the decrease in telomere length between winter and reproduction only in the city suggest a higher cost of reproduction in the city compared to the forest.
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Villaseñor, Nelida R., Luna A. Chiang, Héctor Jaime Hernández, and Martín A. H. Escobar. "CONTRIBUTION OF INFORMAL GREENSPACE TO BIRD CONSERVATION IN CITIES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE DIVERSITY OF BIRD COMMUNITIES IN VACANT LANDS, URBAN PARKS AND RESIDENTIAL AREAS." Ornitología Neotropical 32, no. 2 (January 6, 2022): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.58843/ornneo.v32i2.751.
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Vacant lands are part of the informal greenspace and could maintain native fauna in urban ecosystems. To provide scientific evidence that promotes bird conservation in cities, we compared different bird community attributes among vacant lands, urban parks, and residential areas in the city of Santiago de Chile. For this, we estimated taxonomic diversity in the three land uses, investigated the species richness and abundance (total and native, including three trophic guilds: granivores, insectivores and omnivores) among land-use types, and evaluated the influence of habitat variables on bird species richness and abundance recorded at sites. We found that vacant lands supported a diverse, with low species dominance, species rich and abundant bird community, comprised mainly by native granivorous and insectivorous birds. In contrast, birds with generalist diet (omnivores) reached high abundances in urban parks and residential areas. While parks and residential areas were dominated by a single omnivore species (Turdus falcklandii and the exotic Passer domesticus, respectively), in vacant lands a set of native species reached high abundances. They included granivorous birds (Sicalis luteola, Zenaida auriculata y Zonotrichia capensis) and insectivorous birds (Tachycineta meyeni y Anthus correndera). Sites with larger cover of herbaceous plants exhibited greater richness and abundance of native birds. In addition, sites with larger proportion of their area covered by bare ground exhibited greater abundance of native birds. Our results demonstrate that vacant lands maintain high bird diversity, as well as a high species richness and abundance of native birds with specialized diets (granivores and insectivores), offering new opportunities to conserve biodiversity in cities.
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Diamond, Jared M. "Urban extinction of birds." Nature 333, no. 6172 (June 1988): 393–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/333393a0.
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Clucas, Barbara, and John M. Marzluff. "A cross-continental look at the patterns of avian species diversity and composition across an urbanisation gradient." Wildlife Research 42, no. 7 (2015): 554. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr15007.
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Context As humans become increasingly urban, the need for conservation of nature in cities increases and requires an understanding of the patterns and processes of urban ecosystems. In particular, because humans are the most dominant species in urban areas, understanding the role humans play in these ecosystems (direct and indirect) will be of primary importance. Aims We examine the diversity and composition of bird species across an urbanisation gradient in two cities (Berlin, Germany, and Seattle, Washington, USA). We determine the degrees of species urban tolerance and examine how certain biological traits of species, namely, diet, whether or not species use bird feeders, nest sites and innovation rate, characterise species urban tolerance. Finally, we determine whether human provisioning (bird feeders and nest boxes) influences what types of species persist across the urbanisation gradient. Methods We surveyed bird abundance and species richness using point counts and surveyed human provisioning by conducting door-to-door interviews of residents across an urbanisation gradient in Berlin and Seattle. Key results We found that patterns of species richness were similar in both cities, but that species composition in Berlin changed less across the urbanisation gradient than it did in Seattle. The majority of birds in Berlin were urban tolerant, whereas in Seattle, they were moderately urban tolerant and intolerant. A cluster analysis revealed that, in general, in Berlin, omnivorous, open-nesting birds that use bird feeders and have relatively high innovation rates tended to be urban tolerant. In Seattle, birds that were mostly omnivorous, nested in open cups, and used bird feeders tended to be moderately urban tolerant and they were influenced by provisioning of food by humans. Conclusion Urbanisation and human interactions with birds can act as ecological filters, favouring certain bird species that can lead to varying species compositions across an urban gradient. These differences in species composition across the gradient may be more noticeable in younger cities than in older cities where the filtering process has been occurring for longer time. Implications By providing a variety of habitats and supplementing natural foods and nesting places, urban planners and residents can help conserve bird diversity in urban areas.
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Blinkova, Olena, and Tetyana Shupova. "Bird Communities and Vegetation Composition in the Urban Forest Ecosystem: Correlations and Comparisons of Diversity Indices." Ekológia (Bratislava) 36, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 366–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eko-2017-0029.
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Abstract Assessment of relationships and diversity indices between bird’s communities and composition of the forest ecosystem is an important subject of synecological research to identify the intensity of human impact on the flora and fauna. Urban recreation is one of the major causes of violation of the structural and functional integrity of the forest ecosystem. Studies of avian complex and phytocoenosis have focused on the impact of urban recreation on the compositions of tree, shrub and herbaceous layers and species, trophic and ecological compositions of breeding-birds and feeding-birds communities. This paper compares the measurement of the diversity of bird communities and forestry vegetation (diversity indices, dominance indices, distribution uniformity indices) of intensive, medium, moderate and weak stages of recreational transformation of biotope. The stands formed Quercus robur L., Carpinus betulus L., Acer platanoides L., Tilia cordata L. The floristic list comprised 78 grass species. A total number of 43 species of avifauna including 37 breeding species are observed during the study. There were significant correlations between vertical heterogeneity of tree distribution and abundance, species richness and nesting density of birds. The interrelationship between species diversity of birds and floristic richness was also confirmed.
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S*, Ganesh, and P. U. Antoney. "Site preferences for nesting by birds in an educational institution campus in Bengaluru, Karnataka, South India." International Journal of Bioassays 5, no. 05 (May 3, 2016): 4528. http://dx.doi.org/10.21746/ijbio.2016.05.001.
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Wildlife conservation in urban habitats is increasingly important due to current urbanization trends. Studying birds in urban landscapes and pointing out the importance of their management and conservation are the needs of the day. Every species has certain habitat requirements for successful nesting and breeding. The increase in anthropogenic activities and the disappearance of native tree populations has raised concerns on avian populations and its nesting behavior. In this study, we observed the nesting success of urban birds in the campus. It is found that nesting failure is not predicted by the density of adult birds. These findings suggest that nesting success determined by nest site availability may drive the distribution of avian species in the urban habitat. The abundance of urban bird species nesting in Christ University campus was studied and the need for planting trees that are more conducive for nesting by birds is recommended.
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Perkins, Genevieve C., Amanda E. Martin, Adam C. Smith, and Lenore Fahrig. "Weak Effects of Owned Outdoor Cat Density on Urban Bird Richness and Abundance." Land 10, no. 5 (May 10, 2021): 507. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10050507.
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Domestic cats (Felis catus) are ubiquitous predators of birds in urban areas. In addition to the lethal effect of predation, there can also be sublethal, negative effects of domestic cats on individual birds. These effects have led to the inference that reducing outdoor cat densities would benefit urban bird communities. Here we estimate the likely result of policies/programs designed to reduce densities of owned outdoor cats in urban areas, estimating relationships between bird richness/abundance and cat densities across 58 landscapes in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. We estimate that we would most likely observe one additional bird species, and 0.003 additional individuals per species, if policies/programs reduced owned outdoor cat densities to zero in an average landscape in Ottawa (with 130.2 cats/km2). However, these effects of cat density on birds were uncertain, with 95% confidence intervals crossing zero. Our findings—in combination with those of previous studies—suggest a need for research to resolve the apparent disconnect between the strong, negative effects of cats on individual urban birds and the weak, uncertain effects of cats on bird populations. Although measures that reduce owned outdoor cat densities are justified based on the precautionary principle, evidence to date does not support prioritizing these measures over those addressing threats that have consistently strong effects on bird populations.
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de Toledo, Maria Cecília Barbosa. "Tolerance to Human Presence, a Comparison between Rural and Urban Birds in Southeastern Brazil." Environmental Sciences and Ecology: Current Research (ESECR 2, no. 3 (April 20, 2021): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.54026/esecr/1023.
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Green urban areas such as parks, squares, gardens, and forest fragments present a large diversity of uses and conservation objectives. These spaces provide resources for many species of birds that are confronted with the necessity of living in proximity to humans. It is assumed that bird species that acquire resources in urban environments live in a constant state of fear to guarantee survival and reproduction. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance of birds with respect to human presence in two distinct conditions, rural areas (low level of human presence) and urban areas (high level of human presence). The fieldwork was conducted in a city in the Southeast region of Brazil, and the methodology used the alert distance and flight initiation measurements based on the approach of an observer to the individual bird being focused. Our results suggest that individuals observed in urban areas rely on shorter alert and escape distances, especially males, adults, and birds that forage in interspecific flocks. We discuss the challenges and strategies with respect to escape characteristics of urban birds, with special focus on the economic escape theory. In general, our results support those from studies conducted in other urban areas in different biogeographic regions, and they will aid in comprehending the impacts caused by the increase in urban areas around the world.
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Smith, Alexis D., and Emily Minor. "Chicago’s Urban Cemeteries as Habitat for Cavity-Nesting Birds." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 13, 2019): 3258. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123258.
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Although not explicitly managed for conservation, urban cemeteries may provide a reserve of dead and dying trees for cavity-nesting birds. However, the ability of urban cemeteries to support these birds on current landscapes is largely unknown. We surveyed cavity-nesting birds and their habitat in 18 cemeteries in Chicago, Illinois (USA). At each location, we examined vegetation, availability of gravestones and monuments for perches, and landscape-level environmental conditions. We tested the importance of these variables for presence of individual bird species, and for overall richness of native cavity-nesting birds. We also assessed the availability and characteristics of tree cavities and their distribution among different tree species. We found that most cemeteries contained at least one dead or dying tree. Across all sampled areas, we detected 207 naturally-occurring and 77 excavated tree cavities. Tree species generally supported cavities in proportion to their abundance. We observed 12 native and two non-native cavity-nesting bird species in the cemeteries. Cavity-nesting bird species richness was best explained by landscape-level variables such as canopy cover and distance to water, but local-level variables (e.g., number of graves in a 50 m radius) influenced habitat selection for some species. Based on our results, we make suggestions for how both existing cemeteries and new “green” cemeteries can support biodiversity conservation.
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Davey, Sara, Melanie Massaro, and Rafael Freire. "Differences in flight initiation distance (FID) between rural and urban populations of two species of Australian birds." Behaviour 156, no. 11 (2019): 1151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003559.
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Abstract Although flight initiation distance (FID) has been shown to be shorter in urban compared to rural populations of birds, less is known about how the characteristics of the urban environment, such as the population size and age of the city influences the FID and other aspects of anti-predator behaviour. Urban willie wagtails and magpie larks in a relatively small and new town had shorter FID than rural conspecifics. Both species were more likely to show a short, rather than long, escape flight if the experimenter started walking towards the bird from further away. There was some indication that urban birds may be more likely to show a short escape flight than rural birds. We conclude that anti-predator responses of birds can be influenced by a relatively small, recently established and sparsely-populated town. Additionally, the possibility of the characteristics of the urban centre influencing variation in the FID response is discussed.
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Ruiz, Gricelda, Mario Rosenmann, Francisco Fernando Novoa, and Pablo Sabat. "Hematological Parameters and Stress Index in Rufous-Collared Sparrows Dwelling in Urban Environments." Condor 104, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 162–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/condor/104.1.162.
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Abstract A number of wild bird species have fortuitously incorporated themselves into urban life. One of these, the Rufous-collared Sparrow (Zonotrichia capensis), dwells with seemingly similar success in urban and rural areas. Nevertheless, we found that urban Rufous-collared Sparrows have lower body weight, higher blood glucose concentration, higher proportion of heterophils (H), lower proportion of lymphocytes (L), and consequently, a larger H:L stress index, than rural ones. After two weeks of captivity rural birds developed blood characteristics that resembled those of urban birds. These indices reveal typical primary (acute), and secondary (chronic) stress characteristics in the urban birds. Parámetros Hematológicos e Indice de Estrés en Zonotrichia capensis de Ambientes Urbanos Resumen. Varias especies de aves han sido incorporadas a la vida urbana. Una de ellas, Zonotrichia capensis, habita con similar éxito tanto en ambientes urbanos como rurales. Sin embargo, hemos notado que individuos urbanos de Z. capensis tienen un peso corporal menor, mayores niveles de glucosa circulante, mayor proporción de heterófilos (H), menor proporción de linfocitos (L), y consecuentemente un mayor índice de estrés H:L que individuos rurales. Aves rurales mantenidos en cautiverio por dos semanas presentaron cambios hematológicos que concuerdan con las características de las aves urbanas. Estos índices revelan características de estrés primarias (agudas) y secundarias (crónicas) que son típicas en aves urbanas.
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Winarni, Nurul L., Habiburrachman A. H. Fuad, Bhisma G. Anugra, Nabilla Nuril Kaunain, Shania Anisafitri, Mega Atria, and Afiatry Putrika. "Potential Ecological Distributions of Urban Adapters and Urban Exploiters for the Sustainability of the Urban Bird Network." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 9 (August 31, 2022): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11090474.
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The bird community in urban areas indicates the species-specific adaptability to urban conditions such as the increase in man-made habitats. Urban adapters and urban exploiters, two groups that make up most of the urban birds, were assessed to determine their suitable habitat and explain their distribution, as well as to determine the environmental predictors for the two bird groups assemblages in Depok, one of Jakarta’s satellite cities. We used the point-count method to survey the birds in three habitat types, green spaces, residentials, and roadside, and then we used Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) to analyze the species distribution modeling. We also the predicted habitat distributions for the urban adapters and urban exploiters based on several environmental predictors. Our results suggest that both urban adapters and urban exploiters were abundant in residential areas. Eurasian tree sparrows (Passer montanus) and cave swiflets (Collocalia linchi) were the most common species in all three habitat types. On average, canopy cover was most extensive in green spaces followed by residential and roadside areas. Urban exploiters were likely to have a high suitability extent compared to urban adapters. The distributions of both groups were affected by the distance to perennial water, then by land function for the urban adapters, and distance to patches for the urban exploiters. The presence of urban adapters and urban exploiters in residential areas suggests that home gardens supported critical habitats when green spaces were unavailable.
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Demezas, K. Grace, and W. Douglas Robinson. "Characterizing the Influence of Domestic Cats on Birds with Wildlife Rehabilitation Center Data." Diversity 13, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13070322.
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Depredation of birds by domestic cats is hypothesized to be one of many significant sources of mortality leading to global bird declines. Direct observations are relatively rarely documented compared with large numbers of birds hypothesized to be killed or wounded by cats. We analyzed data from two wildlife rehabilitation centers located in Salem and Grants Pass, Oregon USA, to understand which species were most likely to interact with a cat, and the species traits associated with cat interactions and habitats (urban vs. rural) of rescued birds. Interaction with a cat was the second-most commonly reported cause of admission, representing 12.3% of 6345 admissions. Half to two-thirds of birds were rescued from cats in urban settings and were usually species foraging on or near the ground. Most species were admitted to rehabilitation centers in direct proportion to their regional abundance. An exception was the absence of common species weighing less than 70 g, which we conclude is an effect of sampling bias. We conclude that cats most often interact with regionally common near-ground-dwelling bird species in both urban and rural habitats. Wildlife rehabilitation centers can provide valuable sources of data for cat-bird interactions but potential sources of uncertainty and bias in their data need to be considered carefully.
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Previatto, DM, RS Mizobe, and SR Posso. "Birds as potential pollinators of the Spathodea nilotica (Bignoniaceae) in the urban environment." Brazilian Journal of Biology 73, no. 4 (November 2013): 737–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842013000400008.
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Birds play crucial role on the pollination of many plants. However, little is known about the interactions between nectarivorous neotropical birds and exotic Angiosperms. S. nilotica is an exotic African plant widely used in Brazilian urban landscaping. However, it has been poorly studied in relation to its interactions with Neotropical birds. In this way, we studied the feeding nectar strategies and the interspecific antagonistic behaviours among nectarivorous Neotropical birds to verify the bird contributions to the S. nilotica pollination. The study was conducted from May 2008 to April 2011, but only in months of S. nilotica flowering (April to May). From 148 hours of sampling we identified 16 species feeding nectar on S. nilotica: 13 hummingbirds (Trochilidae), Aratinga aurea (Psittacidae), Tangara palmarum (Thraupidae) and Coereba flaveola (Coerebidae). Eupetomena macroura was the most frequent (96.88%), followed by Chlorostilbon lucidus (78.13%) and Coereba flaveola (59.38%). Most birds obtained nectar by punching at the base of the corolla, except for A. aurea that obtained the nectar by the upper opening of the petals in 100% of its visits, Heliomaster furcifer (95.65%), F. fusca (95%) and A. nigricollis (70.27%). Despite E. macroura also obtains nectar only by punching at the base of the corolla, it showed the highest level of legitimate visits. Antagonistic events were more frequent in E. macroura (58.65%), Florisuga fusca (11.04%) and Amazilia fimbriata (10.87%), being E. macroura dominant in all events. These results showed E. macroura plays an important role on this plant being the most important bird as a potential pollinator. Moreover, other birds contribute partially to the S. nilotica pollination. Most probably it is a result of recent Neotropical bird interactions with this African plant.
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Echeverry-Galvis, María Angela, Pabla Lozano Ramírez, and Juan David Amaya-Espinel. "Long-term Christmas Bird Counts describe neotropical urban bird diversity." PLOS ONE 18, no. 2 (February 1, 2023): e0272754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0272754.
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A significant gap in understanding the response of biodiversity to urban areas is the lack of long-term studies. Most of the information on urban birds comes from studies carried out in the northern hemisphere, and they include data that don´t exceed three years. Although short-term studies contribute to knowledge about bird community diversity and their spatial distribution in urban areas, they could be biased towards more conspicuous species. One of the few multi-temporal datasets available for birds in urban areas is the Christmas Bird Count (CBC). Using annual CBC data available between 2001 and 2018 from 21 urban and peri-urban sample sites assessed from the main cities of Colombia, we identified and analyzed long-term trends on the cumulative diversity of bird communities as well as on their spatial distribution. We estimated comparative trends in richness, number of individuals counted, similarity, and complementarity of avifauna for each city and sample site based on their responses to urbanization and dietary guilds. We identified almost a quarter of the species registered in Colombia (464 of 1954). The representativeness of the community obtained for 18 years exceeds 84%, showing richness that ranges between 214 and 278 species in the three cities. Bird species and individuals registered showed wide variation of the sample sites. We found more dwellers, insectivorous and granivorous species in urban areas, with frugivores relegated to peri-urban sites, usually coinciding with avoider species. Natural peri-urban areas and intra-urban wetlands and urban parks were the most important refuges for birds and maintained the highest avoider and utilizer species richness. Long-term inventories are fundamental for determining consolidated bird diversity and distributional patterns. This information established a baseline for decision-making and applying recommendations that allow reconciling the growing demand for urban areas with the need to preserve the native avifauna in megadiverse Neotropical countries such as Colombia.
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Santos, Gabriel Silva, Isael Colonna Ribeiro, Luana D'Avila Centoducatte, and Sérgio Lucena Mendes. "Bird breeding biology and homogenization process in an urban green area at Atlantic rainforest of Southeastern Brazil." Neotropical Biology and Conservation 14, no. 1 (April 11, 2019): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neotropical.14.e34838.
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Urbanization is a major cause of biotic homogenization, once it modifies species habitat and creates new environments in which only a few species are able to survive. However, many authors propose that planned green areas within the bounds of urban centers work real islands, providing shelter for several animal species. In this study, we verified the reproductive pattern of a community of birds within an urban green area in southeastern Brazil. Also, we compared the composition of breeding sites and reproductive activities of birds in different environments available and provided insights about how homogenization process affects birds in the study site. We recorded 359 reproductive sites of 36 species. Our data represents 48% of bird species recorded by previous reports at this study site. Out of the total reproductive records, 68.5% were found in wooded areas, even though this land cover class represents only 26.8% of the analyzed landscape. The proportion and the uniqueness of species at this study site show its importance to maintenance of the local diversity of birds. Our results indicate that a local bird diversity homogenization is in process and they provide subsidies for better management practices of green areas within urban centers.
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Tsurim, Ido, Zvika Abramsky, and Burt P. Kotler. "Differences in Patch Use Behavior Between an Urban and Rural Species: Effects of Distance from Shelter and Wing Molt-Gaps." Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 55, no. 4 (May 6, 2009): 345–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1560/ijee.55.4.345.
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It has been suggested that urban bird populations and communities are controlled by bottom-up mechanisms because predation costs are lower in urban than in non-urban habitats. We hypothesized that urban birds are less sensitive to variations in the cost of predation than non-urban birds. We predicted that the house sparrow, a widespread urban species, is less sensitive to variations in predation risk, while foraging, than its rural (less urban) congener, the Spanish sparrow. We quantified foraging behavior of these species, as affected by the proximity to shelter, in large outdoor aviaries. We then clipped feathers from the birds' wings to manipulate escape ability and increase predation risk. We predicted that birds experience increasing predation risk with increasing distance from shelter, and that reduced wing surface increases the birds' sensitivity to risk of predation with respect to distance from shelter. Both species displayed increasing giving-up densities in seed trays with increasing distance from shelter, indicating that foraging costs increase with distance from shelter. As predicted, the two species differed in their response to proximity of shelter: we concluded that house sparrows experienced a less pronounced increase in perceived predation cost with increasing distance from shelter than did Spanish sparrows. Contrary to our prediction, wing surface reduction had no effect on seed tray utilization. Therefore, it appears that, when feeding in patches at distances from shelter, as used in the present study, the cost of predation affects foraging and micro-habitat use in Spanish sparrows more than in house sparrows.
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Idilfitri, Sabrina, and Nik Hanita Nik Mohamad. "Symbiosis of Ornamental Plants and Bird Habitats in Urban Parks: FRIM, Malaysia." Journal of ASIAN Behavioural Studies 3, no. 8 (May 24, 2018): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v3i8.286.
Full textAbstract:
Rapid and unpredicted rate of urbanization have negatively impacted the lowland tropical forests. Introduced species and destruction are activities that bring harm to the sensitive yet precious wildlife and cause them habitats loss; bird family. This research aims to review the role of ornamental plant in providing food and shelter for urban birds in urban park. The research is conducted by the reviewing of literature and questionnaire survey analysis. It hoped that the review will contribute to the knowledge of landscape architecture on consideration as opportunity for birds in urban parks.
Keywords: Bird habitats; ornamental plant; urban park; birds’ food and shelter.
eISSN 2514-7528 © 2018. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open-access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
https://doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v3i8.286
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Soualah, Alila Hana, Noura Difi, Amina Benhachiche, and Alain Ponsero. "Seasonal fluctuation of birds in open landfill, Souk Ahras (Algeria)." GABJ 5, no. 1 (January 25, 2021): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.46325/gabj.v5i1.159.
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Landfills have the advantage of meeting the energy needs of the birds quickly. They offer easy access to food and widely available throughout the year. In this study, birds were counted using observation points on an open landfill in the restored of Souk-Ahras region (north-eastern Algeria) for one year from July 2013 to April 2014. Seventeen species (17) bird species belonging to eleven (11) families were found: Ciconidae, Corvidae, Accipitridae, Passeridae, Hirundinidae, Motacillidae, Columbidae, Ardeidae, Sturnidae, Laridae, and Pelecanidae, among them sedentary species, migratory, the visitors, and invasive species, which are exploiting the discharge for feeding or rest. Species richness and abundance in landfill site were found to be higher than that of naturel habitat around the site. Their abundance varied according to the seasons.landfill site support both common bird species as: Columba palumbus, Columba livia, Streptopelia decaoto, Ciconia ciconia, Corvus corax. In addition to that, rare bird species such as Pelecanus crispus. Ecology and dynamic of each species, during an annual cycle of bird’s populations allow us observing all the interactions and reactions between the individuals and the different populations of birds. Souk Ahras landfill is a resting place and a source of food for birds, which means that it needs a censuses urgency update of migratory birds which frequent our region as well as monitor their state of health. It is also interesting to follow the process of colonization in urban Souk Ahras city.
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Ferenc, Michal, Ondřej Sedláček, Roman Fuchs, Maurizio Fraissinet, and David Storch. "Geographic trends in range sizes explain patterns in bird responses to urbanization in Europe." European Journal of Ecology 5, no. 2 (January 1, 2019): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eje-2019-0010.
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Abstract The probability of occurrence of bird species in towns/cities increases with their range sizes, and Rapoport’s rule states that range sizes increase with latitude. To test the hypothesis that the increasing number of bird species persisting in cities at higher latitudes of Europe is linked to their larger range sizes, we compiled data on bird communities of: a) 41 urban bird atlases; b) 37 city core zones from published sources; c) regions of nine grid cells of the EBCC Atlas of European Breeding Birds around each city. We tested whether the proportion of species from particular regional bird assemblages entering cities (i.e., proportional richness) was related to the geographical position, mean range size of regional avifaunas, proportion of vegetated areas and city habitat heterogeneity. The mean range sizes of the observed and randomly selected urban avifaunas were contrasted. The proportional richness of urban avifaunas was positively related to the geographic position and mean range size of birds in regional assemblages. The evidence favoured range sizes if considering the European range sizes or latitudinal extents, but was limited for global range sizes. Randomizations tended to show larger range sizes for the real avifaunas than in the randomly selected ones. For urban core zones, the results were less clear-cut with some evidence only in favour of the European range sizes. No role of vegetation or habitat heterogeneity was found. In conclusion, while vegetation availability or heterogeneity did not show any effects, spatial position and range sizes of birds in regional assemblages seemed to influence the proportional richness of cities and their core zones. Factors correlated with spatial position (e.g., climate) might increase the attractivity of particular cities to birds. However, the effects of range sizes indicated that urbanization possibly has more negative impacts on the avifauna in the regions occupied by less widespread species.
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Leveau, Lucas M., and Isis Ibáñez. "Nesting Site and Plumage Color Are the Main Traits Associated with Bird Species Presence in Urban Areas." Animals 12, no. 9 (April 29, 2022): 1148. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12091148.
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Urban areas are expected to grow in the next decades, filtering bird species from the regional pool based on their life history traits. Although the impact of urbanization on traits such as diet, habitat and migratory behavior has been analyzed, their joint role with other traits related to plumage color has not yet been analyzed. Urban characteristics such as impervious surfaces, human presence and pollutants may be related to dark and uniform plumages. The objective of this study is to determine different bird species responses to urbanization using ordination analysis, and to characterize their life history traits combining information about diet, habitat and plumage color. Birds were surveyed along urban–rural gradients located in three cities of central Argentina. Species associations with urban characteristics were assessed through principal component analysis. Two axes were obtained: the first related positively to urban exploiters and negatively to urban avoiders, and a second axis related negatively to urban adapters. The scores of each axis were related to species traits through phylogenetic generalized least squares models. Species identified as ‘urban exploiters’ tended to nest in buildings and have uniform plumage, whereas those identified as ‘urban avoiders’ tended to be ground-nesting species with variable plumage. A third type, ‘urban adapters’, tended to be tree-nesting species with a low diet breadth, intermediate plumage lightness, low presence of plumage sexual dimorphism and high presence of iridescence. The results suggest that nest predation and habitat loss may exclude ground nesting birds from urban areas. The high density of pedestrians and domestic animals, such as cats and dogs, in urban centers may favor uniform plumages in birds that enhance camouflage.
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Suárez-Rodríguez, Monserrat, Isabel López-Rull, and Constantino Macías Garcia. "Incorporation of cigarette butts into nests reduces nest ectoparasite load in urban birds: new ingredients for an old recipe?" Biology Letters 9, no. 1 (February 23, 2013): 20120931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.0931.
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Birds are known to respond to nest-dwelling parasites by altering behaviours. Some bird species, for example, bring fresh plants to the nest, which contain volatile compounds that repel parasites. There is evidence that some birds living in cities incorporate cigarette butts into their nests, but the effect (if any) of this behaviour remains unclear. Butts from smoked cigarettes retain substantial amounts of nicotine and other compounds that may also act as arthropod repellents. We provide the first evidence that smoked cigarette butts may function as a parasite repellent in urban bird nests. The amount of cellulose acetate from butts in nests of two widely distributed urban birds was negatively associated with the number of nest-dwelling parasites. Moreover, when parasites were attracted to heat traps containing smoked or non-smoked cigarette butts, fewer parasites reached the former, presumably due to the presence of nicotine. Because urbanization changes the abundance and type of resources upon which birds depend, including nesting materials and plants involved in self-medication, our results are consistent with the view that urbanization imposes new challenges on birds that are dealt with using adaptations evolved elsewhere.
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Sandbhor, Prasad, Priti Bangal, Deepti Aggarwal, and Rohit Ashok Khot. "Life on Wings." Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 5, CHI PLAY (October 5, 2021): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3474659.
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This paper presents a novel board game called Life on Wings, designed to create an experience and awareness about the life of birds in an urban landscape. The game lets users experience the life of six tropical urban birds across three seasons of a year. By performing different activities of birds, players learn about the challenges that an ever-changing urban environment creates for bird species. We reflect on our design process and describe the key design decisions that led to the development of our game. We also present insights of a playtesting session that was conducted with 11 participants to evaluate the design aspects of the game. Based on the study insights we present three implications on collaboration over competition, local game movement and longitudinal first-person perspective. Through this work, we aim to inspire more playful explorations on human-wildlife cohabitation.
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Guo, Shiyi, Chang Su, Kaoru Saito, Jiexin Cheng, and Toru Terada. "Bird Communities in Urban Riparian Areas: Response to the Local- and Landscape-Scale Environmental Variables." Forests 10, no. 8 (August 13, 2019): 683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10080683.
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Understanding how environmental changes driven by urbanization impact the biodiversity in urban riparian areas has great importance for landscape planning and river ecosystem conservation. There have been many studies on the response of bird communities to different environmental variables in urban parks; however, although supporting some of the highest bird diversities, case studies in urban riparian areas remain limited. In existing research, few studies have considered the impact of both local waterfront characteristics and surrounding environmental variables at a larger scale. In this study, we selected birds as the indicator to clarify their response to both local- and landscape-scale environmental variables in riparian areas of Tsing river, Beijing, in terms of (a) vegetation composition, (b) human disturbance, (c) land cover, and (d) landscape connectivity. We hypothesized that birds with different biological characteristics may respond differently to environmental variables. Birds were then further grouped according to the habitat type, residential type, and feeding type. It turned out that the coverage of grass and the disturbance of pedestrians are the most influential variables. Besides, compared with the land cover and landscape connectivity, the total contribution of vegetation characteristics and human disturbance accounts for the main proportion of explained variance. Information pertaining to these environmental variables can provide evidence to support bird conservation efforts in urban areas, and the identified distance threshold provides a basis for future landscape connectivity assessments.
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Flis, Marian, Piotr Czyżowski, Bogusław Rataj, and Jacek Piórkowski. "The number, behaviour, and population indices of Mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos L.) in non-urban and urban environments of the Lublin region." ANIMAL SCIENCE AND GENETICS 18, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 13–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.8567.
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The paper presents indicators of the number, reproduction and behavior of mallard ducks living in unurbanized and urbanized environments in the Lublin region. The research carried out in urban areas and beyond showed significant changes in the behavior of birds in terms of their timidity due to the presence of humans, as well as the distance of departure of birds and re-landing on the water surface. These distances between the described types of environment were four times higher for unurbanized areas. Significantly higher numbers, and thus also the bird density indicators, were found, as well as the average size of the assemblages in urbanized areas, which, depending on the date of the study, was higher by 2.0-3.2 birds in the community in favor of anthropogenic environments. There were no significant differences in the sex structure and reproductive rates between the study sites, with male predominance in all types of environments. The conducted analyzes indicate a progressive adaptation to urbanized environments by mallard ducks. This is done through behavioral changes, which does not significantly affect the course of natural selection and breeding processes of birds in these environments, as compared to unurbanized or low-urbanized environments typical for this species until recently.
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Mao, Qian, Chencan Liao, Zhaolu Wu, Wenbo Guan, Wenda Yang, Yuqin Tang, and Gang Wu. "Effects of Land Cover Pattern Along Urban-Rural Gradient on Bird Diversity in Wetlands." Diversity 11, no. 6 (May 31, 2019): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d11060086.
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Wetlands play an important role in the feeding, breeding, and lives of birds. However, available habitats for bird species are changing due to intensifying human activity, especially in the context of China’s mass urbanization. Urban sprawl has taken over the wetlands along the lakes in the past decades, which places tremendous pressure on wetland ecosystems and, therefore, on bird communities. However, the ways urban land cover pattern along the urban-rural gradient affects bird communities is still unclear. To investigate the influence of land cover pattern on the α and β diversity of birds in the urban-rural gradient we chose 31 sites distributed within the wetlands around the Dianchi Lake in Yunnan, China. We calculated the species richness to indicate α diversity and used the Morisita–Horn index to indicate β diversity. Meanwhile, we assessed the land cover pattern of each site by measuring the proportion of emergent plants, floating plants, submerged plants, ponds, forests, lawns, roads, agricultural lands and built lands in a quadrat of 1 square kilometer. Simple linear regressions, model selection, and an averaging approach based on corrected Akaike information criterion (AICc) were used to test the effects of land cover pattern on bird diversity. Using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD (honestly significant difference) test, we compared the difference between α and β diversity, respectively, along the urban-rural gradient. Based on our analyses, urban and suburban wetland birds were significantly homogeneous. The community structure in rural wetlands, however, was significantly different from that of the suburban and urban areas. According to our research, the land cover patterns that influenced bird species richness were the built lands acreage, submerged plants acreage, ponds acreage, and the edge density of emergent plants. Meanwhile, of these variables, the built lands acreage, ponds acreage and edge density of emergent plants were significantly different in urban, suburban, and rural wetlands. Therefore, to maintain high biodiversity in wetlands affected by urbanization, we must pay more attention to the land cover patterns.
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Walker, Jason S., Robert C. Balling, John M. Briggs, Madhusudan Katti, Paige S. Warren, and Elizabeth A. Wentz. "Birds of a feather: Interpolating distribution patterns of urban birds." Computers, Environment and Urban Systems 32, no. 1 (January 2008): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2007.02.001.
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Bonier, Frances, Paul R. Martin, and John C. Wingfield. "Urban birds have broader environmental tolerance." Biology Letters 3, no. 6 (August 31, 2007): 670–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2007.0349.
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Urbanization dramatically changes the composition and diversity of biotic communities. The characteristics distinguishing species that persist in urban environments, however, are poorly understood. Here we test the hypothesis that broadly adapted organisms are better able to tolerate urbanization, using a phylogenetically controlled, global comparison of birds. We compared elevational and latitudinal distributions of 217 urban birds found in 73 of the world's largest cities with distributions of 247 rural congeners to test the hypothesis that urban birds possess broader environmental tolerance. Urban birds had markedly broader environmental tolerance than rural congeners, as estimated by elevational and latitudinal distributions. Our results suggest that broad environmental tolerance may predispose some birds to thrive in urban habitats. The mechanisms mediating such environmental tolerance warrant further investigation, but probably include greater behavioural, physiological and ecological flexibility.
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Van Doren, Benjamin M., David E. Willard, Mary Hennen, Kyle G. Horton, Erica F. Stuber, Daniel Sheldon, Ashwin H. Sivakumar, Julia Wang, Andrew Farnsworth, and Benjamin M. Winger. "Drivers of fatal bird collisions in an urban center." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 24 (June 7, 2021): e2101666118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2101666118.
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Millions of nocturnally migrating birds die each year from collisions with built structures, especially brightly illuminated buildings and communication towers. Reducing this source of mortality requires knowledge of important behavioral, meteorological, and anthropogenic factors, yet we lack an understanding of the interacting roles of migration, artificial lighting, and weather conditions in causing fatal bird collisions. Using two decades of collision surveys and concurrent weather and migration measures, we model numbers of collisions occurring at a large urban building in Chicago. We find that the magnitude of nocturnal bird migration, building light output, and wind conditions are the most important predictors of fatal collisions. The greatest mortality occurred when the building was brightly lit during large nocturnal migration events and when winds concentrated birds along the Chicago lakeshore. We estimate that halving lighted window area decreases collision counts by 11× in spring and 6× in fall. Bird mortality could be reduced by ∼60% at this site by decreasing lighted window area to minimum levels historically recorded. Our study provides strong support for a relationship between nocturnal migration magnitude and urban bird mortality, mediated by light pollution and local atmospheric conditions. Although our research focuses on a single site, our findings have global implications for reducing or eliminating a critically important cause of bird mortality.
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Saibi, Rio P., Saroyo Saroyo, and Hanny H. Pontororing. "STUDI KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS BURUNG DI KAWASAN HUTAN KOTA DESA KUWIL KABUPATEN MINAHASA UTARA." PHARMACON 8, no. 3 (August 28, 2019): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.35799/pha.8.2019.29398.
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ABSTRACT Birds are one of the forest's ecosystem components which able to help in the forest's natural regeneration, with one of the bird's natural habitats being urban forests. This study aims to analyze the diversity and describe the bird's species in the Urban Forest habitat of the Kuwil Village of North Minahasa Regency. Data collection used survey methods with plots in form of 2 rectangular line transects with a length of 2000 m each and 20 m wide. Data collection is done 5 times. Based on the research, there were 10 species of birds with a diversity index of bird species as 1.98 which was in the medium category. The species found were Halcyon chloris, Corvus enca, Pycnonotus aurigaster, Oriolus chinensis, Gerygone sulphurea, Galliralus torquatus, Phaenicophaeus calyorhynchus, Eudynamys melanorhyncus, Geopelia striata, and Ducula aenea. Key words: Species Diversity, Urban Forest, Bird ABSTRAK Burung merupakan salah satu komponen ekosistem hutan dengan fungsinya membantu regenerasi hutan secara alami, dengan salah satu habitat alami burung adalah hutan kota. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman jenis burung pada habitat Hutan Kota Desa Kuwil Kabupaten Minahasa Utara dan mendeskripsikan jenis-jenisnya. Pengambilan data menggunakan metode survei dengan plot berbentuk 2 garis transek (line transect) persegi panjang dengan panjang masing-masing transek 2000 m dan lebar 20 m. Pengambilan data dilakukan sebanyak 5 kali. Berdasarkan penelitian didapatkan 10 jenis burung dengan nilai indeks keanekaragaman jenis burung sebesar 1,98 yang termasuk kategori sedang. Adapun jenis-jenis burung yang ditemukan adalah sebagai berikut Halcyon chloris, Corvus enca, Pycnonotus aurigaster, Oriolus chinensis, Gerygone sulphurea, Galliralus torquatus, Phaenicophaeus calyorhynchus, Eudynamys melanorhyncus, Geopelia striata dan Ducula aenea. Kata kunci: Keanekaragaman Jenis, Hutan Kota, Burung
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Toroitich, Caleb, Mugwima Njuguna, and Dennis Karanja. "Effects of urban wetland patch pattern on the biodiversity of aquatic birds in Nairobi, Kenya." Journal of Agriculture, Science and Technology 21, no. 1 (April 26, 2022): 83–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jagst.v21i1.8.
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Urban wetlands are ubiquitous landscape elements that affect the spatial pattern and functions of cities. Despite being rich and important habitats for a variety of birds, they are continually being isolated or lost. Isolation and loss negatively impact on the integrity of the urban landscape pattern and compromises on biophilic planning and development. Since urbanization is a continuous cultural process, it is important to investigate how its impacts, which are invariably in conflict with nature, would portend for aquatic bird communities in urban areas. This study sought to determine the variability and relationship between the structural patch pattern of palustrine wetlands in Nairobi and the species richness and abundance of aquatic birds in these wetlands. From a population of 300 wetlands, this study used heterogeneous sampling to identify and investigate 31 palustrine wetlands spread across the city of Nairobi. For each of these wetlands, a variety of landscape metrics were calculated and the species diversity of aquatic birds was quantified. Multiple regression analysis was performed in IBM SPSS Statistics 21 to determine the relationships between wetland patch pattern and wetland biodiversity. The study found that patch pattern significantly affects aquatic bird biodiversity, R² = .516, F (7, 23) = 3.498, p < .05. It was also found that the characteristics of the wetland neighbourhood significantly affected aquatic bird biodiversity, R² = .301, F (3, 27) = 3.867, p < .05. This study highlights the need to mainstream, plan, and design for the conservation and monitoring of spatial patterns and biodiversity of palustrine wetlands in urban landscapes. In doing so, biophilic cities are created, bio-systemic urban infrastructure is generated, human wellbeing is enhanced, and urban wetland ecosystem services are valued.
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Rodriguez, Miguel Mateo, Angel Oviedo, Daniel Bautista, Diana Patricia Tamaris-Turizo, Fernando S. Flores, and Lyda R. Castro. "Molecular Detection of Rickettsia and Other Bacteria in Ticks and Birds in an Urban Fragment of Tropical Dry Forest in Magdalena, Colombia." Life 13, no. 1 (January 4, 2023): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life13010145.
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Birds are important hosts in the life cycle of some species of ticks. In Colombia, there are few eco-epidemiological studies of tick-borne diseases; the existing ones have been focused on areas where unusual outbreaks have occurred. This study describes the identification of ticks collected from birds and vegetation, and the detection of bacteria in those ticks and in blood samples from birds in an urban fragment of tropical dry forest in the department of Magdalena, Colombia. Bird sampling was carried out monthly in 2021, and 367 birds, distributed among 41 species, were captured. All collected ticks were identified as Amblyomma sp. or Amblyomma dissimile. The presence of rickettsiae in ticks collected from birds was evaluated by molecular analysis of the gltA, ompA and sca1 genes. 16S rRNA meta-taxonomy was used to evaluate rickettsiae in ticks collected from vegetation and in blood samples from birds. The presence of the species “Candidatus Rickettsia colombianensi” was detected in ticks from birds. Bacteria of the family Rickettsiacea was the most abundant in ticks collected from vegetation. Bacteria of the families Staphylococcaceae, Comamonadaceae and Pseudomonadaceae were prevalent in the samples of blood from birds. Rickettsia spp. was also detected in low abundance in some of the bird blood samples.
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Sitko, J., and G. Zaleśny. "The effect of urbanization on helminth communities in the Eurasian blackbird (Turdus merulaL.) from the eastern part of the Czech Republic." Journal of Helminthology 88, no. 1 (December 7, 2012): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x12000818.
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AbstractIn the present study we investigated two ecologically distinct populations ofT. merulafor the presence of helminths. We wished to determine whether urban populations of blackbirds had reduced helminth fauna compared to birds from forest habitats. Birds were caught in two ecologically distinct sites located in the eastern part of the Czech Republic. A total of 320 birds were examined. The first site was located in Prerov where the birds were obtained from a typical urban population, and the second site was Zahlinice, which constitutes a typical forest area. As a result of parasitological examination, 30 helminth species belonging to Digenea, Cestoda, Nematoda and Acanthocephala were recorded from both sites: 29 species were found in the forested site and 15 in the urban site. The overall prevalence of infection was 93.1% and differed significantly between the sites (Zahlinice 97.2%, Prerov 85.1%). The mean species richness was almost three times higher in the forest population (3.37 ± 0.10) than in the urban one (1.78 ± 0.11). The clear qualitative and quantitative differences in the helminth community ofT. merulaobtained from two ecologically disparate localities show that urbanization leads to a significant reduction in the helminth fauna of a bird which is highly adapted to synanthropic habitats, while still remaining common in its original forest habitat.
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Yang, Xudong, Honglei Cui, and Chen Chen. "Bird Flight Resistance Analysis and Planning Strategies in Urban Regeneration Areas: A Case Study of a Certain Area in Shenzhen, China." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (September 25, 2022): 12123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912123.
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At present, the sharp decline in urban biodiversity worldwide is severe. Conducting biological perspective analysis and proposing space construction solutions during urban regeneration can greatly alleviate the contradiction between urban construction and biodiversity conservation. In this study, birds were taken as biological representatives, and a certain area in Shenzhen with strong conservation needs was used as an example. Based on a thorough analysis of bird status, the minimum resistance model was applied to establish a resistance surface describing the real flight movement of the indicator species and to construct a bird conservation pattern from the flight process of birds. The results show that: (1) bird flight resistance is the lowest in the southern green space and northern woodland around the reservoir in the research region, and the resistance is higher in the central part, but the path of least resistance therein has the potential to become a corridor. (2) From the perspective of the community structure of green space vegetation, the sparse woodland and shrubland in the research region have low resistance and high richness, which are the most ideal green space forms for birds; from the perspective of architecture, bird flight resistance shows a negative correlation with building height and a positive correlation with building density. The final urban regeneration design plan is thus derived, and the validity of the method is verified based on the biodiversity index. This study reveals the possibility of applying bird flight resistance analysis based on the minimum resistance model to small and medium-scale urban regeneration areas, and also provides insight into the correlation between flight resistance and spatial design elements, which can assist decision-makers, planners and developers in spatial design and planning from a biological standpoint.
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Baxter-Gilbert, James, and Julia L. Riley. "Urban avifauna diversity in Stellenbosch, South Africa, during the COVID-19 lockdown and observations of inner-city foraging behaviour." Biodiversity Observations 12 (July 7, 2022): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15641/bo.923.
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In times of isolation or confinement, making regular natural history observations can not only represent a source of enjoyment, but generates insights into local avian ecology. Here we present an account of the urban bird diversity of Stellenbosch, South Africa, derived from daily observations of species presence collected during the initial two stages of the country’s nationwide COVID-19 lockdown period (66 days). A total of 38 bird species were observed during this time, including sightings of urban hunting behavior for birds of prey and greenspace foraging in general. The most commonly seen taxa were typical human-commensal species, including sparrows and doves. Many species were encountered far less frequently, with 21 of the 38 species being observed on less than 10 days. This was most notable for birds of prey (n = 6 species from Accipitriformes and Falconiformes) or African swifts (n = 2 species from Apodiformes), which were recorded only a few times for any given species. Our account provides some relatively niche information regarding the presence of birds from a single city block in South Africa and notes interesting observations of urban foraging behaviour, but also underscores the value of birdwatching during times of uncertainty.
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Pradana, Dimas Haryo, Ani Mardiastuti, and Y. Yasman. "Utilization of Ficus benjamina by Birds at Urban Habitat in Depok." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 20, no. 1 (July 23, 2018): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.20.1.75-78.
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Most of the research about the relationship of birds and figs were conducted at natural habitat. We conducted a research about this relationship at urban habitat in Depok and specifically studied utilization of Ficus benjamina by birds as feeding and nesting tree. The objective of our research was to describe the F. benjamina utilization by urban birds in Depok. Scans sampling and nest counting were used during this study. Our research shows that F. benjamina was used as feeding tree by most of birds which lives at urban habitat in Depok. Our research also shows that some birds used this fig species as nesting tree. Key Words : birds, Ficus benjamina, urban, Java