Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Urban and peri-urban woodland'
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1
QUAGLIA, STEFANO. "Urban forestry and governance: Assessing the capacity of governance arrangements in peri-urban woodlands." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2970729.
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In urban forestry (UPF) scientific literature, urban forest governance (UFG) – described as the structures, rules, interactions, and processes that influence decisions and actions and lead to the establishment and maintenance of trees and woodland resources in urban environments - is considered as key to establishing an enabling environment (e.g. policies, regulations, resources, partnerships, and activities) able to set inclusive, effective, and efficient decision-making processes aimed at optimizing the delivery of expected benefits to society and, in this way, contributing to addressing urban challenges.
Scholars, however, have paid limited attention to this interdisciplinary topic in the last few years. Despite UFG-related issues are recently gaining momentum, most studies about UPF tend to focus on technical challenges and benefits associated with the establishment and management of urban forests (UFs) – here understood as socio-ecological systems including all trees and woodlands resources located in and around urban areas, but relatively few contributions have investigated governance and decision-making aspects. Studying UFG is particularly relevant to understanding its complexity due to its multi-actor and multi-level nature, typical bottlenecks (e.g. fragmentation of responsibilities; lack of knowledge; limited resources allocated) and relevant changes related to the introduction of several innovations in the environmental policy domain during the last decades.
In this context, scientific literature calls to deepen the understanding of factors influencing the success, or failure, of urban green space governance, including UFs, and how to assess them. Therefore, a deeper investigation of UFG issues is needed to comprehend how decisions are made by governmental and non-state actors and influenced by stakeholders, and what their performances are. In this regard, this study aims to investigate the capacity of UFG, meant as the ability of actors to effectively collaborate and implement policies to achieve targeted goals and address societal issues, combining governance processes and impacts assessment, to identify those factors influencing their success as a precondition for their improvement in contexts of change by providing a guide for scholars and practitioners. In particular, the study’s objective is to answer the following research questions: (i) what are the criteria that a UPF initiative must satisfy to be identified as successful from a governance perspective? (ii) how can these criteria be used to understand how actors’ decisions are made and their related impacts? (iii) what lessons can be learned to improve UFs management from the assessment of their governance arrangements?
To answer research questions, a conceptual framework was developed deductively. Taking the Giddens’ Structuration theory as the foundation of this study, related concepts of ‘political modernization’, ‘Policy Arrangement Approach’ (PAA), and ‘Governance Capacity Approach’ (GCA), were introduced to guide the development of the methodological framework. In particular, the GCA – defined as the ability of actors and stakeholders to cooperate to successfully limit or solve societal problems and enhance people’s quality of life in cities – was central to conducting the assessment.
In this light, a set of qualitative and intertwined criteria were identified - i.e. participation, inclusiveness, integration, direction, resources allocated, learning, and effectiveness - and linked with the PAA’s analytical dimensions – i.e. actors, discourses, rules, resources/power – to which activities-dimension was added, to build the governance capacity assessment framework addressing both institutional capacity and governance performance. Criteria were operationalized to investigate UFG arrangements in two flagship multifunctional peri-urban woodlands selected as case studies – i.e. BoscoInCittà (Milan, Italy) and Amsterdamse Bos (Amsterdam, Netherlands) adopting a mixed research approach including several methods i.e. document analysis, semi-structured interviews, site visits, and web-based surveys.
Aiming to contribute to the UPF international scientific debate, findings illustrate several differences between the cases assessed, especially in terms of citizens engagement process, institutionalization, management approach, and resources allocated, confirming a not straightforward relationship between institutional capacity and governance performance for the success of UFG. Indeed, as emerged from the cases assessed, this study shows different ways in which peri-urban woodlands can be effectively steered and, in doing so, it highlights several lessons learned.
The main insights it provides refer to the importance of establishing collaborative and multi-level networks as a key factor to carry out activities finalized at achieving expected benefits. However, collaboration should not be limited to the operational level, since external actors and stakeholders may represent an added value also in co-producing knowledge and creating shared visions. In line with this, horizontal and vertical integration constitutes another critical factor for the success of UFG, both to gain political and local support over time, and to develop comprehensive management plans aligned with municipal and supra-municipal planning tools. Finally, this thesis suggests that the allocation of adequate economic resources, for which governmental actors still play a key role, and the development of specific capacities to attract diverse funding sources, are crucial to achieving UFG effectiveness, even in absence of comprehensive and formal management, implementation and monitoring plans.
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Ode, Åsa. "Visual aspects in urban woodland management and planning /." Alnarp : Dept. of Landscape Planning, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a380.pdf.
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Fu, De Liang. "A physiological and ecological study of the feasibility of establishing field layer vegetation in urban woodlands." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308946.
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Lohr, Michael Thomas. "Response of Australian Boobooks (Ninox boobook) to threatening processes across urban, agricultural, and woodland ecosystems." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2019. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2255.
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The effects of habitat fragmentation on native wildlife can vary depending on the type of land use occurring in the matrix between remaining habitat fragments. I used Australian boobooks (Ninox boobook) in Western Australia to investigate interactions between matrix type and four different potential threatening processes: secondary poisoning by anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs); limitation of juvenile dispersal and impacts on spatial genetic structure; breeding site availability; and infection by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii.
I also conducted a literature review on the use and regulation of ARs in Australia and published accounts of non-target impacts in order to contextualise exposure patterns observed in boobooks. The review revealed records of confirmed or suspected poisoning across 37 vertebrate species in Australia. World literature relating to AR exposure in reptiles suggests that they may be less susceptible to AR poisoning than birds and mammals. This relative resistance may create unevaluated risks for wildlife and humans in Australia where reptiles are more abundant than in cooler regions where AR exposure has been studied in greater depth.
I analysed AR residues in boobook livers across multiple habitat types. Second generation anticoagulant rodenticides were detected in 72.6% of individuals sampled. Total AR concentration correlated positively with the proportion of urban land use within an area approximately the size of a boobook’s home range centred on the point where the sample was collected. ARs originating in urban habitat probably pose a substantial threat to boobooks and other predatory wildlife species.
No spatial genetic structure was evident in boobooks across habitat types. I observed one individual dispersing at least 26km from its natal home range across urban habitat. The apparent permeability of anthropogenically altered landscapes probably explains the lack of spatial genetic structure and is likely related to the observed ability of boobooks to use resources in both urban and agricultural matrices.
Boobooks did not appear to be limited by the availability of suitable nesting sites in urban or agricultural landscapes. Occupancy did not change significantly over the duration of the study in remnants provided with artificial nest boxes in either landscape type. However, in one instance, boobooks successfully used a nest box located in an urban bushland. Nest boxes may be a useful management tool in highly-altered areas where natural hollows are unavailable.
Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity in boobooks did not vary significantly by landscape type but was more prevalent in individuals sampled during cooler wetter times of year. Risk of exposure due to greater cat abundance in urban and agricultural landscapes may be offset by creation of environmental conditions less favourable to the survival of T. gondii oocysts in soil.
Taken together, this body of research demonstrates variation in relationships between different types of habitat fragmentation and threatening processes related to fragmentation. This research also raises questions about how habitat fragmentation is discussed and studied in the context of species which are capable of making extensive use of matrix habitat. I recommend greater consideration of the concept of “usable space” when studying fragmentation impacts in habitat generalists.
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Evans, Darren J., and n/a. "The influence of exotic shrubs on birds or urban yellow box-blakly's red gum (E. melliodora-E. blakelyi) woodland in Canberra." University of Canberra. Resource, Environmental & Heritage Sciences, 2000. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060707.144146.
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This study considered the influence of exotic shrubs on birds in urban patches of Yellow Box-
Blakely's Red Gum (E. melliodora-E. blakelyi) woodlands in the Australian Capital Territory,
Canberra. The aim of this research was to identify native and exotic birds that have their
abundance influenced by exotic shrubs. The purpose of this work was to provide more
information to managers of this woodland about the potential impacts of weed control on birds
living in woodland reserves adjacent to suburban areas.
Birds were sampled between 1996 and 1998 using the twenty minute area-search method to
derive estimates of bird abundance. Around 680 twenty minute area-searches were completed,
with 665 of these undertaken at 12 two hectare plots with varying levels of exotic shrub cover
over a period of ten months. The abundance of birds for each of the ten months sampled were
compared by pooling sites into four classes of exotic shrub cover. Classes of exotic shrub cover
were nil, light, moderate and dense. Seasonal inferences were drawn from non-parametric
analysis of variance. Non-parametric measures of association were used to test for correlation
between the mean abundance of bird species at different woodland sites and percentage foliage
estimates of exotic shrub cover. Percentage foliage estimates of native shrub cover were included
in tests for correlation between bird abundance and exotic shrub cover by applying partial
measures of association. To support statistical information, observations of birds in exotic shrub
cover were also recorded. In one woodland site birds were sampled before and after the removal
of exotic shrub cover. No statistical tests were applied to these samples because of a lack of
replication; however, descriptive graphs of the abundance of selected birds following weed
control are presented. To investigate the effect that exotic shrub invasion may have on the
composition of bird assemblages in woodland cluster analysis and ordination of the 12 sites using
the mean abundance of the 75 species recorded between July 1997 and June 1998 were also
undertaken.
The presence of exotic shrub cover in E. melliodora-E. blakelyi woodland in Canberra was found
to have differential effects on bird abundance. Wrens, finches, thornbills, whistlers and pigeons
were more abundant in woodland sites where exotic shrubs were present when compared to sites
with no or little exotic shrub cover. Fruit-eating birds, such as Silvereyes (Zosterops lateralis),
Pied Currawong (Strepera graculina) and Crimson Rosella (Platycercus elegans), were more
abundant in woodland with exotic shrubs in winter and autumn when these shrubs provided food
in the form of berries. The abundance of fruit-eating birds, and wrens and finches was reduced in
a single woodland site following the removal of most of the exotic shrub cover. The Common
Blackbird (Turdus merula) was the only exotic bird which showed a strong association with
exotic shrubs in woodland, while the Laughing Kookaburra (Dacelo novaeguineae) was
negatively correlated with exotic shrub cover, possibly because prey is harder to detect and
capture in woodland with a shrubby understorey.
Cluster analysis and ordination of the 12 woodland sites did not group sites into the four
experimental classes used to undertake analysis of variance. Multivariate analysis, however, did
reveal that seasonal peaks in the abundance of fruit eating birds affected the composition of bird
assemblages by increasing the mean abundance of these birds in densely invaded sites. Similarly,
structural differences in the understorey resulted in some birds being more abundant in woodland
sites invaded by exotic shrubs when compared to sites lacking a shrubby understorey. The
distance between some sites confirmed this stark difference in bird life when plotted in three
dimensions.
The results of this study suggest that exotic shrubs add food and structural complexity to
woodland habitat. Benefits of structural complexity for small native birds in woodland include
nest sites and protection from predators. These benefits may operate at certain thresholds of
invasion, as the woodland site with the densest level of exotic shrub invasion showed a slight
decrease in the number of wrens and finches. Adverse impacts from exotic shrub invasion may
include reduced open ground in which to forage and loss of floristic diversity in the understorey.
In effect, exotic shrubs add and remove resources in woodland habitat, benefiting some bird
species and limiting others.
These findings suggest that the removal of exotic shrub cover in woodland located in urban
landscapes simplifies the structural complexity of the understorey, reducing the quality of habitat
for some birds. Thus, adverse impacts on biodiversity arising from the invasion of exotic shrubs
in woodland need to be considered against the important role that a diverse bird population has in
maintaining ecosystem function.
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Jorgensen, Anna. "Living in the urban wild woods : a case study of the ecological woodland approach to landscape planning and design at Birchwood, Warrington New Town." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2004. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3553/.
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There is an ever-present demand for new housing in the UK, and current government policy dictates that this is to be built on both green and brown field sites. Ecological or naturalistic woodland can be used to integrate new housing into its surroundings, and as part of the process of reclamation of brown field sites, as well as being a means of regenerating existing urban green space. There are many potent arguments in favour of using green and natural landscapes as part of new developments in urban settings, including physical, social and health benefits to humans. The evidence also suggests that many types of urban green space can contribute to the creation of a more sustainable urban environment, and can constitute important wildlife habitats in their own right. However, naturalistic woodland is often regarded as unsafe by members of the public, and the agencies involved in shaping the urban environment, suggesting that such woodland may not be appropriate within the urban fabric. This research sought to evaluate the suitability of the ecological woodland housing model, as practised at Birchwood, Warrington New Town, by means of a case study. Using a mixture of quantitative and qualitative methods, the study examined a range of perceptual factors in relation to Birchwood's naturalistic woodland environment, including issues relating to aesthetic appreciation, place identity, safety and the suitability of Birchwood as an environment for children. The study found that most Birchwood residents value their woodland environment, which has a range of diverse meanings for them, though there are some significant safety issues. The findings confirmed previous research suggesting that wild-looking or naturalistic urban landscapes often evoke simultaneously positive and negative responses: these landscapes are greatly valued and feared at the same time. In general terms the ecological woodland approach to landscape planning and design used in Birchwood has been very successful, with some shortcomings relating to attempts to integrate naturalistic woodland too closely with housing within the fabric of the residential areas; the use of tall, dense vegetation in conjunction with children's play areas as part of the streetscape; a bland, undifferentiated treatment of the woodland as a setting for the expressway and access roads; and the absence of a clear footpath hierarchy that responds to user needs. There is also a need for vegetation management strategies to be reviewed. Ways in which these issues could be addressed in future are suggested. Subject to these refinements, the study concludes that the ecological woodland approach to landscape planning and design used in Birchwood is a viable option for urban landscapes of the future.
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Gashu, Adam Achamyeleh. "Peri-Urban Land Tenure in Ethiopia." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Fastighetsvetenskap, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-158050.
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Urban areas in Ethiopia have been growing very quickly in recent decades, which haveled to ever increasing demand for land in peri-urban areas for housing and other nonagriculturalactivities. This has had several transformative impacts on the transitionalperi-urban, areas including engulfment of local communities and conversion of landrights and use from an agricultural to a built-up property rights system. Peri-urban areasalso display all forms of competition for land among people of diverse backgrounds.Research on the challenges of urbanization in peri-urban land tenure system and theongoing changes in Ethiopia is limited, and the situations and actors interested in periurbanland are constantly changing. Therefore, the purpose of this research is toinvestigate the challenges imposed on peri-urban land rights as a result of the growingdemand for land for urbanization. The project also encompasses an attempt to discoverthe process of informal transaction and development of peri-urban land and the principalactors involved. The study comprises a summary essay and four articles which were conducted using casestudy and desk review research approaches. Following the case study tradition, acombination of different data collection instruments such as questionnaires, FGDs, keyinformant interviews (both structured and open-ended) and direct field observations wasemployed to collect research data from the case study areas. Bahir Dar CityAdministration was selected purposively as case study area at the first stage and two periurbanvillages, Weramit and Zenzelima, were selected from Bahir Dar CityAdministration at the second stage of the case study area selection process. The research has revealed that urbanization and urban development in Ethiopia areaccompanied by contentious land tenure changes which favor the urbanities above localperi-urban communities. As a result, urbanization has precipitated a wave ofdispossession and proliferation of informal settlements in peri-urban areas. Thus,addressing the challenges of urbanization and its effect on the land rights of local periurbancommunities requires the introduction of an inclusive and participatory landdevelopment tool like land readjustment, which can encourage voluntary contribution ofland for urbanization by the local peri-urban landholders themselves.QC 20150114
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Makita, Kohei. "Urban and peri-urban agriculture and its zoonotic risks in Kampala, Uganda." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4924.
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In developing countries, cities are rapidly expanding, and urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) has an important role in feeding a growing urban population. However, UPA carries risks of zoonotic disease transmission. This study aims to understand the characteristics of UPA in Kampala, Uganda and the zoonotic risks to humans. Following a general overview of the subject in Chapter 1, Chapter 2 describes the determination of urban, peri-urban and rural areas of the Kampala economic zone and socio-economical characteristics of the peri-urban interface compared with the urban and rural counter parts using the Village Characteristic Survey in 87 randomly selected Local Councils (LC1s). Chapter 3 describes the characteristics of UPA in Kampala and found both the contribution of agriculture to the livelihood and risks of zoonoses were high. In Chapter 4, the most important zoonotic diseases affecting populations living in urban and peri-urban areas in Kampala were identified; brucellosis, GI infections, Mycobacterium bovis tuberculosis and Taenia solium cycticercosis based on investigations using the medical records of Mulago National Referral Hospital. Chapter 5 describes a series of case-control studies of the identified most important zoonoses using a spatial approach. The risks of identified zoonoses might be homogenously high at all levels of urbanicity. Brucellosis appeared to be the most significant disease. Chapter 6 investigates brucellosis further, with an epidemiological investigation into the prevalence of the disease in milking cows and a quantitative analysis of the level of infection in milk for sale in and around Kampala. The prevalence was 6.2% (95%CI: 2.7-9.8) at the herd level. Chapter 7 describes the risk analysis for purchase raw milk infected with Brucella abortus in urban areas of Kampala. A quantitative milk distribution model was developed synthesizing the results from the cattle survey and interviews with milk sellers. The infection rates of milk at sale obtained from milk testing and cattle survey were multiplied to this model to present distribution of the risk. 11.7% of total milk consumed in urban Kampala was infected when purchased and the risk management analysis found the most effective control option for human brucellosis was construction of milk boiling centres either in Mbarara, the largest dairy production area in Uganda, or in peri-urban areas of Kampala.
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Hedblom, Marcus. "Birds and butterflies in Swedish urban and peri-urban habitats : a landscape perspective /." Uppsala : Dept. of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://epsilon.slu.se/200760.pdf.
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Hedblom, Marcus Söderström Bo. "Birds and butterflies in Swedish urban and peri-urban habitats : a landscape perspective /." Uppsala : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007. http://diss-epsilon.slu.se/archive/00001453/.
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Thesis (doctoral)--Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2007.Thesis documentation sheet inserted. Includes appendix of four papers and manuscripts co-authored with Bo Söderström. Includes bibliographical references. Also issued electronically via World Wide Web in PDF format; online version lacks appendix.
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Holgate, Briana Kate. "Using ecoacoustic monitoring of biodiversity to inform urban development in peri-urban settings." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/133766/1/Briana_Holgate_Thesis.pdf.
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Acoustic recording has recently been identified as an effective tool for monitoring biodiversity and ecosystem health. This study used a novel approach to visually and statistically model the sounds produced within an ecosystem across space and time to identify hot spots and hot moments of biodiversity activity. It was demonstrated that biodiversity can be successfully measured through an integrated approach of ecoacoustic monitoring and highlights the potential to inform future ecological urban design decisions and conservation planning strategies.
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Rohilla, S. K. "Role of grounwater in urban development : study of Delhi and its peri-urban areas." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492500.
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This research emphasises that quality of our lives is dependent on quality of our environment, which in turn is dependent on the quality of land use as a result of urban planning. In the process of urbanisation, the subsurface environment namely the presence or absence of groundwater is a key factor. This thesis examines role of groundwater in urban development and planning from the point of view of sustainability of the in-situ resource in the long run as an important source to meeting increasing water requirements of urban agglomeration. The study area for the thesis is the National Capital Territory (NCT) Delhi and its peri-urban areas. The existing urban agglomeration of Delhi is already overburdened and is increasing extraction of groundwater to meet the constant demand supply gap resulting in a rapid decline of groundwater table in the NCT Delhi. In terms of the available and utilisable groundwater for domestic and non-domestic requirements the existing city core as well as the peri-urban areas of Delhi has fallen into the category of overdrawn groundwater resources. The thesis examines the stages and patterns of urban evolution in the Delhi metropolis and its peri-urban areas and links the role of groundwater in urban development in the past as well as present. Further with the help of a case study -'Dwarka sub-city' within the immediate urban extensions in NCT Delhi, the thesis establishes the systemic role that groundwater plays in the various stages of urban development and planning in NCT Delhi and its peri-urban areas. Based on the findings, the thesis suggests policy interventions in developing a land use strategy for urban areas reflecting concerns of sustainable use of groundwater in Delhi.
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Ahmed, Mohamed Abdulkadir. "Land issues and their implications for the development of peri-urban agriculture, the case of Maputo peri-urban Green Zones, Mozambique." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0005/MQ43131.pdf.
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Hodder, Rupert. "Some dynamics of peri-urban vegetable farming in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1987. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31208216.
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McKalip, Frederick D. "Peri-urban development in Africa : a Kenyan case study /." Thesis, This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06102009-063219/.
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Wong, Magdalena. "Performing masculinity in peri-urban China : duty, family, society." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3524/.
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This thesis examines how a hegemonic ideal that I refer to as the ‘able-responsible man' dominates the discourse and performance of masculinity in the city of Nanchong in Southwest China. This ideal, which is at the core of the modern folk theory of masculinity in Nanchong, centres on notions of men's ability (nengli) and responsibility (zeren). It differs from, while not always being in contradiction with, the ideal of the ‘wealthy and worldly man' that many scholars of contemporary China have written about. For my research informants, an exemplary man is expected to excel financially but also to shoulder his responsibilities, first and foremost within the kin group, and then to society and the country. I explore the formation and nuances of this ideal in an economic and social milieu that has been radically transformed by forces such as modernization, labour migration, the one-child policy, and changing ideologies and practices of leisure, individualism, filial piety, gendered power and nationalism. Through ethnographic accounts from teenage boys, men of marriageable age, and married men alike, I show that the hegemonic model is coercive, yet negotiable. These accounts reveal the vulnerabilities of male youth and adults in different circumstances, and the multiple and varying strategies they take as they enact their masculinities. The hierarchical nature of relationships amongst men and between the two genders is complicated by an intersection with other social divisions and individual life trajectories. At the apex of the hegemonic model are the country’s leaders who exemplify for their political subjects what it means to be an exemplary Chinese man in the modern era. The thesis looks into not only what men think of being men and their performance as men, but also at what women think and how they construct and, in some regards, sustain the male mode.
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Windelberg, Jaanice. "Skogsskötsel för att främja sociala och estetiska värden i ett friluftsområde i Trollhättans Stad." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-44564.
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Over 80% of Sweden's population lives in urban areas, and half of the country's forest visits will thus be in urban woodlands. Social values - how the individual experiences the forest, and the impact of the forest visits on individual health and well-being, are pointing to the importance of managing the urban woodlands. When there comes to the cultivation of the urban woodlands there are usually many opinions to consider. This study aims to investigate the various opinions on the use and forestry in an urban recreation area in the City of Trollhättan. The study addresses both general and in four cases specific suggestions on management methods. Data was obtained from both quantitative and qualitative study through survey, interviews and discussions with the users of the recreation area. Trollhättan's goal with the recreation area is to make it accessible to local residents. The users are mainly influenced by the accessibility therefore clearings and thinnings are appreciated. Clear cuts should be avoided, but can be used as a method if logging residues are removed afterward. Variation is important for the specific areas, the focus is laid on hardwood species. Where hardwood is missing the focus should be to create old and sparse forest.
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Blaauw, Christopher. "A comparison of grade 8 to10 urban and peri-urban learners context preferences for mathematical literacy." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7530_1277075131.
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The study explored the comparison of grade 8 to 10 urban and peri-urban learners&rsquo
contexts preferences in mathematical literacy. There is currently a strong emphasis on the use of contexts for school mathematics. This has been also the case for South Africa when grade 10 learners have to make a choice between mathematics and mathematical literacy as one of their compulsory subjects for grade 10. This study focused more on the use of mathematics in real life situations. Data was collected by using questionnaires developed as part of the Relevance of School Mathematics Education (ROSME) project. The questionnaire dealt with contexts preferred by grade 10 learners from urban and peri-urban areas. The data were analysed using non-parametric statistical techniques. The findings radicate that there were contexts highly preferred by learners from both urban and peri-urban areas
least preferred by learners from both areas, highly preferred by learners from periurban areas but not by learners from urban areas and least preferred by learners from urban areas but not by those from peri-urban areas and vice versa. It is recommended that contexts highly preferred by learners should be incorporated in the learning experiences of learners.
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Dolley, Jonathan. "Sustainability, resilience and governance of an urban food system : a case study of peri-urban Wuhan." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/66462/.
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While it is clear that urban food systems need to be made resilient so that broader sustainability goals can be maintained over time, it has been a matter of debate as to how resilience should be conceptualised when applied to social-ecological systems. Through a case study of peri-urban Wuhan, this research develops and applies a resilience based conceptual framework for periurban food systems analysis in order to explore the potential for an enhanced understanding of resilience that can contribute to promoting sustainability in urban food systems. The evidence of this thesis suggests that the current approach to governance of Wuhan's periurban vegetable system is building an increasingly exclusionary pattern of resilience. It is a form of resilience building which is likely to undermine broader normative sustainability goals around social justice and environmental integrity and have mixed future implications for food system resilience as a whole, particularly in relation to livelihood outcomes for peri-urban farmers and food safety outcomes for urban consumers in general. The key lessons from this research are that the concept of resilience can be used to support either a narrowing down or an opening up of normative framings of system outcomes and can contribute to obscuring or revealing the multiple processes of change unfolding across the levels of system context, structures and actors. These dualities in the way that resilience thinking can contribute to normative and analytical framings need to be explicitly acknowledged if serious unintended consequences of resilience building interventions are to be avoided. Six important principles for conceptualising resilience in urban food systems are suggested: to 1) disaggregate system outcomes, 2) differentiate function and structure, 3) analyse positive and negative resilience, 4) identify external and structural shocks and stresses, 5) analyse resilience in relation to multiple and multi-scale processes of change and 6) recognise the impacts of those processes on marginalised system actors. Finally, a heuristic framework is presented for guiding the design of resilience analyses of human dominated social-ecological systems.
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Moschella, Miloslavich Paola. "Peri-urbanization and land management sustainability in Peruvian cities." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAH013/document.
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La croissance urbaine incontrôlée est liée à plusieurs problèmes socio-environnementaux dans les pays en développement comme le Pérou. Afin de comprendre l'expansion urbaine dans les zones non aménageables, la recherche combine trois dimensions de l'analyse : l'analyse spatiale, l'analyse du comportement social et l'évaluation de la gestion urbaine et de l'aménagement du territoire. L'étude se concentre sur trois cas péruviens : une oasis de brouillard saisonnier dans la ville aride de Lima, les terres agricoles de première qualité de la vallée de Cajamarca et les zones humides de la petite ville de Huamachuco. L'expansion urbaine dans les études de cas est principalement informelle et désorganisée; à cause de sérieuses déficiences dans la gestion publique locale, la planification routière et la culture de l'informalité. Cependant, certaines organisations communautaires et certains leaders sociaux contribuent à une utilisation plus durable du territoireUncontrolled urban expansion is related to several socio-environmental problems in developing countries like Peru. In order to understand the urban expansion in non-developable areas, the research combines three dimensions of analysis: spatial analysis, social behavior analysis, and the evaluation of urban management and spatial planning. The study focuses on three Peruvian cases: a seasonal fog-oasis in the arid city of Lima, the prime farmlands in Cajamarca valley, and the wetlands of the small city of Huamachuco. Urban expansion in the case studies is predominantly informal and disorganized as a consequence of serious deficiencies in local public management, road planning, and the culture of informality. However, some communal organizations and social leaders contribute to a more sustainable land-use
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Sheehy, Grace. "A Reproductive Health Needs Assessment in Peri-Urban Yangon, Myanmar." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32785.
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The 2010 elections in Myanmar installed the country’s first civilian-elected government in more than 50 years, and subsequent growth and change have been rapid. However, reproductive health indicators are generally poor and reflect significant regional and geographic disparities. Rural populations are increasingly migrating to urban centers, like Yangon, in search of better economic opportunities and in response to persistent conflict. Many are settling in peri-urban Yangon, a dynamic series of townships characterized by poor infrastructure, slums, and a highly mobile population. However, very little is known about the reproductive health needs of this population. This study was designed to identify the reproductive health needs of women in peri-urban Yangon, and to understand better current practices, available services, and potential avenues for improvement. My research focused on delivery care, contraception, abortion, and post-abortion care. Using a multi-methods approach, and standard qualitative analytic techniques, I identified significant unmet reproductive health needs in peri-urban Yangon. The findings suggest that reproductive health services are often available but inaccessible. Findings demonstrate considerable misinformation, common and unsafe practices surrounding abortion and delivery, and a dearth of comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services for adolescent and unmarried populations.
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Tubtim, Tubtim. "Rural Crossroads: Class and Migration in Peri-urban Chiang Mai." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/11436.
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Peri-urban Thailand is a site for the coming together of rural and urban people from various class, economic, and value backgrounds. In many ways, the peri-urban is Thailand’s new frontier to which people are migrating from diverse directions and with different expectations of the place. Its physical and social changes have been even more dramatic than urban and rural areas. The previously agricultural communities in the countryside surrounding Chiang Mai have increasingly been drawn into the city’s peri-urban zone through connections by roads. Despite the pace of change, there is limited scholarly attention to peri-urban areas. Studies of migration in developing countries including Thailand also mainly focus on rural to urban migration through the process of agrarian change. This case study shows similar movements of urban middle class people from city to non-urban areas to that observed in the wider field of counter-urbanisation in developed countries. The processes of mixing of different groups in the peri-urban village help to redefine the village as place, both in physical and social dimensions. Physically, place is remade as a result of proximate residential patterns bringing together different groups previously living far from one another. Socially, as revealed through a partly auto-ethnographic study, peri-urban place-making today is an outcome of everyday processes of class formation. A key tension in the peri-urban village is between the expectations and desires of different social groups. While local aspirations are towards modernity and livelihood enhancement, urban middle class migrants still hold on to rural images shaped by public representations of the elites. Class defines how people position themselves in relation to one another through values and lifestyle, and study of social relations in the peri-urban village thus differs from the productionist emphasis of earlier agrarian studies.
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Rossi, Sebastian Dario. "Factors Affecting People-Park Relationships in Peri-Urban National Parks." Thesis, Griffith University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366840.
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Protected areas such as national parks are key mechanisms for conserving nature. They also provide important opportunities for people to engage in a range of nature based tourism and recreation activities, engendering active lifestyles and providing access to fresh air, solitude and nature. In part due to the psychological and health benefits of these activities, visitation to protected areas is increasingly popular, especially for parks close to cities. Rapid urban growth in many cities has also heightened demand for, and increased use of, protected areas. Visitor use of protected areas can however, adversely impact both visitors and local communities if not properly managed.
National park managers face the challenge of accommodating often times competing expectations about these types of protected areas, including providing access without negatively affecting the natural environment or visitors’ experiences. Reliable information is needed about visitor characteristics, the activities they undertake, and their expectations of parks including the types of activities permitted. We also need to know how the values, attitudes, and travel patterns of visitors shape their park experiences. Moreover, we need to know how nearby communities interact with the park and their attitudes about visitor activities. To better understand how these factors potentially affect people-park interactions, including parks close to cities, this thesis assessed six peri-urban national parks in South East Queensland, Australia.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Safi, Zikrullah [Verfasser]. "Nutrient cycling and nutrient use efficiency in urban and peri-urban agriculture of Kabul, Afghanistan / Zikrullah Safi." Kassel : Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1012867978/34.
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Abdalla, Ishtiag Faroug [Verfasser]. "Socioeconomic Aspects of Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture: A Diagnostic Study in Khartoum, Sudan / Ishtiag Faroug Abdalla." Kassel : Kassel University Press, 2012. http://d-nb.info/102507193X/34.
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Steinman, Alexis. "Assessment of Wetland Water Quality and Plant Species Composition across the Rural, Peri-Urban, and Urban Gradient." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28381.
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The Prairie Pothole Region, specifically eastern North Dakota, has experienced intense disturbance from agricultural demands and urban sprawl. This study assessed wetlands across the rural, peri-urban, and urban gradient to determine the impacts of urbanization on water quality and vegetation composition. Thirty wetlands were randomly selected and compared based on land use type and the impervious to pervious surface ratio within one mile of each wetland. Water quality samples were taken in 2015 and 2016, and a vegetation assessment was completed at all wetlands. Results indicate disturbance from urbanization impacts wetland water quality and vegetation composition. Rural wetland water quality and vegetation significantly differ from both peri-urban and urban wetlands, whereas peri-urban and urban wetland water quality and vegetation do not differ. Information from this study is useful to wetland professionals across the globe as urban development and sprawl continue to impact wetlands.
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Palacios, Leslie Jane. "The Value of Inclusion of the Peri-Urban Interface on Quality of Life for the Urban Population." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35211.
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This paper examines peri-urban space existing separate from the urban fabric and often in between urban and rural landscapes. This is a largely neglected area and often considered by each side as belonging to the other. Contemporary studies identify two sides associated with the rural-urban fringe: the expanding built settlements and ebbing countryside, ignoring significance and the circumstance of the spaces. The peri-urban fringe is a planning opportunity, which provides services beyond simple human habitat or wasteland of undesirable function. Through this study I intend to present the peri-urban interface as an intricate element of the urban infrastructure.
This paper examines a series of case studies, which display peri-urban land-use planning and design through established areas, boundaries, and buffers spanning North America, Western Europe and Australia. Each area is examined to determine scope, program, and ecological and social impacts. The data informs positive and negative impacts within the peri-urban area.
The peri-urban fringe spaces take on many forms and functions. Successful sites enrich the associated urban communities, whereas unsuccessful sites, which often exist in conflict with abutting environments, reduce quality of life and essential ecological processes. The peri-urban interface varies with many scales and circumstances, which affect quality of life for the urban population.
Planning in the PUI is essential in promoting healthy populations and ecologies. Scale, program and accessibility determine how effectiveness of a peri-urban interface.
Through this study, I want to identify significant value of the peri-urban interface as an opportunity and asset for the urban landscape.Master of Landscape Architecture
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LaFond, Bennett. "Can Urban And Peri-Urban Agriculture Create Food Sovereign Communities? Case Studies In Cuba And Burlington, Vt." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2018. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/849.
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Case studies from Cuba's Urban and Peri-Urban agriculture (UPA) revolution show that urban growing can fuel locally driven production of essential foods with minimal inputs, creating unprecedented opportunities for community food sovereignty. The fact that Cuba produces 60-70% of its vegetable needs on 25% of the land shows that the barriers that UPA faces are more sociopolitical than agronomic. As an agricultural hub with an abundance of rural land within close proximity of the city, the need for UPA in Burlington, VT may not be as readily apparent. When compared to nearby small vegetable growers through the lens of a typical agronomic analysis, UPA nearly always comes out at a disadvantage. Yet community gardens and urban growers are multiplying in the small city. Research suggests this boom is owed to numerous multi-functional benefits provided by community gardens, including the potential for UPA to allow communities who may otherwise have limited agency in food choice with an opportunity to access culturally preferenced produce. However, while extensive evidence identifies the social benefits of community gardens, these results remain disparate from the economic analyses that most often find their ways into the hands of decision makers.
This research proposes a valuation metric called Crop Value Index (CVI), and uses it to evaluate which crops and management techniques best take advantage of limited urban space in Burlington community gardens. This tool ranks crops by their ability to save gardeners money or profit and by their perceived cultural value by the gardener, and combines the two to identify which crops are the most successful in producing overall value. Through demonstrating the high functionality of UPA in the production of certain crops, CVI contributes to findings that indicate that UPA may be better able to serve niche community food needs than commercial growers, while simultaneously providing urban growers with food security and creating food sovereignty and food justice.
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Bussey, Shelagh Christine. "Public uses, preferences and perceptions of urban woodlands in Redditch." Thesis, Birmingham City University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360089.
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The urban woodlands in Redditch are integral elements of greenspace that are highly valued as an informal recreational resource, and for the physical and spiritual benefits that the community derives from visual and physical contact with them, on a daily basis. However, that they are cherished community assets, rather than places to be avoided, depends on contextually specific requirements being met, in regard to their siting and design. The thesis discusses these key criteria from the perspective of the Redditch urban community. It is identified that a choice of woods should be located within 300 and 700 metres of the home, to enable access by people, including those with restricted home range, mobility or with limited time to visit, and to provide a moderate walk to woods more distant, as an integral part of the 'recreational experience'. Convenient access to, and familiarity of these urban woodlands increases people's confidence to use woods more frequently and more distant from the home. Woodland size, preferably between 2 to 7 hectares and a good network of well lit, hard surfaced paths are also important factors influencing the attractiveness of woodland. Otherwise, visitors' demands regarding woodland type and facilities are modest. Plantations are as much valued and enjoyed as ancient semi-natural woodland. However even where the physical requirements for woodland are met, social and cultural factors limit many people's access to, and uses of the urban woodland. By exploring the personal, social and cultural values, and interpretations of these woods, the thesis analyses how the community reacts to change to the woodlands introduced by woodland management works, and identifies that it ascribes them a plurality of meanings and contextual relationships; as a woodland garden, a doorstep recreational area, a symbol of the pastoral idyll, a wildlife sanctuary and a gateway to the natural world. The theoretical framework of the thesis draws on multi-disciplinary perspectives including; landscape deslqn, town planning and the social and cultural perspectives of cultural geography. The evolution of the urban woodlands as elements of urban greenspace, people's recreational uses, and their attitudes and feelings towards them are explored by diverse methodological procedures, which include a longitudinal study and use of both qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. The research both builds on and adds to the existing body of knowledge by addressing the value and significance of providing urban woodlands within the urban fabric, and the key criteria which need to be observed to provide such areas close to where people live, and close to what they need.
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Margawati, Ani. "Patterns of breast-feeding practice in Semarang, Indonesia : comparison between women in peri-urban area and urban area." Thesis, University of Hull, 2005. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:6006.
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Like many women in other developing countries, Indonesian women face cultural and gender inequalities; and high rates of maternal mortality and malnutrition are prevalent amongst Indonesian women. UNICEF (2000) showed that an estimated 450 women in Indonesia die every 45 minutes because of complications during delivery, late referral to hospital or maternity services and poor treatment, as a result of poorly trained health staff, including midwives, and a lack of emergency facilities and transport. The economic crisis which hit Indonesia in 1997 has worsened these conditions. A study conducted by Helen Keller International showed that as a result of the crisis both iron deficiency and vitamin A deficiency were increasing amongst women and their children (Helen Keller International, 2000). Indonesia also still has many problems regarding infant malnutrition and infant mortality, although the child survival rate has been improving over the past two decades. UNICEF (2000) reported that 7 per cent of Indonesian children die before their fifth birthday. According to WHO and UNICEF, breast-feeding is the best way to feed babies. In developing countries, breast-feeding has been the subject of rapidly growing interest, not just because breast milk is sterile and safe and beneficial to the health of children, but can also lower fertility. In Indonesia, an exclusive breast-feeding campaign was introduced more than 20 years ago. Although UNICEF reported that 95 to 97 per cent of Indonesian babies are initially breastfed, the 2004 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) showed that the rates of bottle-feeding practice have increased sharply. This thesis documents patterns of breast-feeding practice in Semarang, Indonesia, focusing upon Indonesian women living in peri-urban and urban areas in Semarang and their attitudes towards and practice of breast-feeding, and also examines the various factors which influence breast-feeding, such as health services, socioeconomic factors and cultural values from within the community. Lintang village (a pseudonym), which is located 15km from the city centre of Semarang, is a developing industrial zone of Semarang, and is used to represent a peri-urban area. The city of Semarang is used to represent an urban area. The sample group in the peri-urban area included pregnant women, mothers with babies less than 2 years old, a few husbands and a small number of women of reproductive age. For the urban area, the sample group included pregnant women who were undergoing ante-natal care and mothers/breastfeeding women who were attending the mother/children health care centre at Melati Hospital (a pseudonym) in Semarang. A combination of qualitative and quantitative data collection methods were used in this research. This research found that peri-urban and urban women had different attitudes towards ante and post-natal treatments. The Puskesmas or public health centre was where mothers in the peri-urban area went for ante-natal treatment. By contrast, mothers in the urban area with a higher socio-economic status had access to better ante-natal care. For post-natal treatment, women in the peri-urban area still preferred the traditional services of the dukun bayi (traditional midwife) for post-natal treatment. There were no dukun bayis in the urban area and a higher level of education and income seemed to influence the women in the urban area to turn away from traditional practices; they preferred the services of midwives or obstetricians for post-natal treatment. This research also found that most mothers in both areas stated that breast-feeding was healthy, cheap, practical and natural. However, this research found that there were differences in breast-feeding practices for mothers in both areas, and that most of the working mothers in both areas had experienced difficulties in continuing to breast-feed their babies after their maternity leave was over.
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Madan, Rohit. "Agri-tourism in peri-urban Mumbai and Pune : ecological citizenship and rural-urban linkages in the Global South." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2014. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/68629/.
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Post structuralist research is increasingly influencing environmental knowledge – feminist/post-colonial authors have led the path for incorporating subjective and lived experiences of human-nature interactions into environmental discourses. In India's southern context, however, environmental literature, policy and governance are still dominated by structuralist discourses; hence wider environmental knowledge and governance remain detached from everyday life. Using a theoretical framework of "sustainable development" and "ecological citizenship", this PhD aims to rectify this literature gap through a qualitative analysis of agri-tourism in Maharashtra. Within peri-urban Mumbai and Pune, industrialization and urbanization are transforming the agrarian landscape. Although urbanization is displacing farmers from cultivation, it is also creating new opportunities through markets, education, employment and connectivity. These contribute to agriculture's transformation into serving multiple roles beyond food production – towards higher levels of multifunctionality. Agri-tourism is a form of agricultural multifunctionality. Farm owners provide urban visitors with accommodation, activities and entertainment on their privately owned farms. As a rural service, agri-tourism provides urban visitors a flavour of rural life and culture through recreation, farming activities and rural products. While revenue and jobs are created, there are also new opportunities for rural and urban interactions and environmental learning. Even though the news-media often portrays agri-tourism as "sustainable" and a low impact alternative to mainstream tourism, these claims have not been tested on the ground. Through fieldwork in three agri-tourism farms, this research unpacks how sustainability is interpreted in agri-tourism. It analyses how agri-tourism stakeholders (farm owners, urban visitors, employees and villagers) perceive notions of environmental responsibility and entitlements in the farm. Using narratives from over eighty semi-structured interviews, the analysis draws wider connections with neo-liberal policies in India. The study concludes that the most significant factor in shaping people's attitudes and values towards the environment is how they perceive "rurality" and "urbanization" in everyday life.
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Carter, Cora J. "Exploring safety and health concerns with urban and peri-urban livestock production in the city of Managua, Nicaragua." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1543545706715605.
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Cole, Gemma Marie. "Spatial ecology and habitat use of bobtail lizards (Tiliqua rugosa) in urban and peri-urban habitats across Perth." Thesis, Cole, Gemma Marie (2021) Spatial ecology and habitat use of bobtail lizards (Tiliqua rugosa) in urban and peri-urban habitats across Perth. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2021. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/63410/.
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Bobtail lizards, Tiliqua rugosa, have been studied extensively in South Australia, with the majority of studies focusing on the population near Mt Mary. There is a substantial lack of literature from other localities, including Perth, Western Australia, as well as on the impact urbanization is having on this species. This study aimed to gain an insight on the spatial ecology and habitat use of bobtails local to the Perth region. Lizards held small home ranges (mean 1.4ha) that did not differ between urban and peri-urban locations. There was no significant correlation between home range size and remnant bushland patch size nor were there any associations between home range and lizard morphometrics. Home range did overlap between individuals inhabiting the same reserve. Several lizards were preferentially selecting microhabitat composition at locations where they were observed inactive and using these habitat as a refuge. However there was not one particular variable that was responsible for this significant difference but cover at several levels; namely leaf litter, canopy, low shrub, and grass trees were important. This represents their flexibility in utilizing a range of different microhabitat structures, both for refuge and when active. The bobtail lizards were recorded reaching their optimum body temperature between 12pm to 3pm for most of the year regardless of the season. Flexibility in microhabitat use as well as their ability to maintain small home ranges while rarely moving beyond the bushland patch boundary is likely why they are adapted to urban living. Due to their flexibility and ability to maintain their home range within small reserves it is important to ensure a variety of vegetation and habitat structures are available for the lizards to seek shelter under. Given that the lizards were rarely moving outside of their reserve boundaries, in order to prevent them crossing roads and potentially getting struck by cars, leaving a border around the edge of the reserve with no vegetation to encourage them to stay with the sheltered reserve.
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Fessahaie, Tesfamichael. "Peri-urban agriculture and population growth : the case of Asmara, Eritrea." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d109790.
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The aim of this thesis is to provide a differentiated view of peri-urban agriculture in the context of urban population growth in Asmara, Eritrea. Peri-urban agriculture is viewed as a distinct type of broader urban agriculture, and in this case is not as subsistence-orientated as other branches of it. Urban population growth is comprised of three elements, namely, natural population increase, rural-urban migration and outward movement of people to the urban periphery linked to urban expansion. Each receives extensive treatment. Asmara is the capital city of Eritrea and using Weeks (2004:473) phrase can be termed as a “primate city”. As such, it exerts a major influence on the political, economic and cultural life of the country, but has never been subjected to this type of research. The analytical framework that is adopted is that of urban population growth. In order to operationalize it, theoretical insights into each of its three branches were applied. For example, the informalisation of the economy in developing cities was used to explain the operation of peri-urban agriculture in the context of natural population growth. An adaption of the original Harris-Todaro Model by Fields (2004) was used for the migrants, and the Mosaic Model by Bryant and Johnson (1992) for those facing urban encroachment. Primary data were collected in the field by the author with the help of research assistants. This was supplemented by secondary data which involved reports commissioned by the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Public Works. Focus Group discussions were also held to supplement the data with information, views and insights that do not emerge in one-to-one interviews. This thesis demonstrates that those respondents operating within the context of natural population growth make a viable living from peri-urban agriculture, but that they also recognise that there are considerable challenges to be faced. Three sub-groups of farmers are identified. Of these, poultry farmers are the most vulnerable because of the high costs of the inputs, the uncertainty associated with avian „flu and an undeveloped distribution network. The vegetable producers, on the other hand, have a sophisticated marketing network, but low levels of education, high household numbers and an impending shortage of land and water. The agriculturalists that have migrated to Asmara seem to have created sustainable occupations for themselves over a number of years. However, 75 percent of them felt that migration to Asmara was not worthwhile. This negative view is explained in terms of the struggle it has taken to maintain such a living and the growing shortage of land. This set of farmers achieves lower production levels than its city-reared counterparts, carries considerable expenses and has to hire its land. The farmers who have had to cope with urban encroachment fall into two classes. The first has chosen to remain in peri-urban agriculture despite feeling the pressure to scale down activities and thus have a lower income. The majority of this group are dairy farmers who have to trade off increasing costs of cattle feed against shrinking grazing land. They are unwilling to take the initiative to solve their land problems, but look to the authorities to do so. The second class of respondents in this category have abandoned their agricultural holdings. The majority of these agriculturalists are poultry farmers living in the Eastern side of the city. A shortage of agricultural land, high population densities and high costs of inputs make poultry farming difficult. This thesis, therefore, presents a multifaceted view of peri-urban agriculture. While each set of farmers has to cope with its own particular circumstances, there is a common factor. This is the tension between preserving agricultural land on the urban fringe and the need to expand the city to accommodate its inhabitants.
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Wright, Jason John. "Change in Local Places: the experince of a peri urban community." The University of Waikato, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2392.
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ABSTRACT This thesis explores change in place, and particularly the social tensions that arise from change in peri-urban communities. In this study, a review of relevant literature indicates that rural/urban fringe areas are dynamic places, as pressure for the conversion of rural land uses to rural residential function creates social and economic anxiety. With pressure for change, tensions between people, both inside and outside of the local community become more clearly articulated, as change for some members of the community is an un-welcomed progression. Others, who may have no association with the local community, grasp the opportunity for change, particularly if financial return is the end reward. This study considers various approaches to the analysis of these changes in place and develops a methodology that reveals the social dimension of change, and more particularly the tensions associated with shifting land use patterns and changing demographic characteristics in the peri-urban location of Matangi.
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Ford, Tania. "Population change in Adelaide's peri-urban region : patterns, causes and implications." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armf711.pdf.
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Errata slip inserted. Bibliography: leaves 282-298. Aims to contribute to a clearer understanding of the nature of current patterns of population change in the peri-urban region; conceptualized as a set of overlapping zones of net growth representing the product of four demographic processes (suburbanisation, counterurbanisation, population retention, centripetal migration). Considers three key aspects of peri-urban growth dynamics in the context of Adelaide's peri-urban region.
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Marston, Andrea Janet. "Post-neoliberal nature? community water governance in peri-urban Cochabamba, Bolivia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/42962.
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Since the turn of the century, Bolivia has been undergoing a leftward political shift that many scholars have described as “post-neoliberal.” This shift is inflected with communitarian and ecological sensibilities, and politicians frequently depict “community” and “nature” as two axes around which a new, post-neoliberal world order can be imagined. The overarching purpose of this thesis is to explore the friction between the country’s putatively post-neoliberal politics and existing community water governance in Cochabamba, Bolivia. This is pursued through two sub-themes: a comparison of the government’s post-neoliberal rhetoric to its resource management policies; and a comparison of celebratory conceptualizations of community governance to the governance strategies of community-run water systems in La Maica, a region of peri-urban Cochabamba. The thesis argues that, while the Morales government rhetorically celebrates “community” and “nature” as essential pillars of post-neoliberal governance paradigm, reality differs from rhetoric in two ways. First, the Bolivian government’s natural resource agenda has involved a shift towards centralized, state-led management, rather than community governance. Second, actually existing examples of community resource governance are intertwined with non-community institutions and multiple scales of governance, implying that communities are contextually embedded and hybridized structures. The progressive (post-neoliberal) potential of community resource governance therefore depends on both its context-specific manifestation and the support that it receives from the state. Primary data for this thesis was gathered during four months of fieldwork in Cochabamba (June to October 2011), and the four methods employed were expert interviews, interviews with community leaders in La Maica, water user surveys in La Maica, and document analysis.
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Nabulo, Grace. "Assessing risks to human health from peri-urban agriculture in Uganda." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508220.
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Ghazali, Suriati. "Socio-economic changes in the peri-urban villages in Penang, Malaysia." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402430.
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Obeng, Williams. "Integrating land administration systems in peri-urban customary areas in Ghana." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28399.
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Dual land administration systems operate in many peri-urban customary areas in subSaharan Africa (Burns, 2007), yet the rationality behind them is different, and possibly conflicting (Watson, 2003). The conflicting rationalities between the dual systems have created binaries in land administration discourse. Some scholars have promoted statutory land administration systems over customary systems (Hardin, 1968). Many pre-21st century land administration systems theories were purely economy-based, and sought to discredit customary land administration and tenure systems (De Soto, 2000; Peters, 2009). The weaknesses of customary land administration and tenure systems have been widely articulated in economy-based land administration literature (Demsetz,1967). However, recent research findings seem to suggest that peri-urban customary land management could improve through hybrid land administration, incorporating both customary and statutory systems (Whittal, 2014). In this study, statutory and customary land administration systems are examined to understand how they can be integrated to improve effective land delivery at the peri-urban interface in Ghana. A case study analysis of hybrid forms of land administration was undertaken, using both primary and secondary data. Relatively successful case studies (from Ghana and other parts of sub-Saharan Africa) were deliberately chosen to learn good ways of managing peri-urban customary land. Land administration practices in such areas were assessed using the good land governance framework. The case study analysis reveals that hybrid land administration systems are appropriate in enhancing livelihood sustainability and tenure security of the local people. To this end, the study proposes some improvements in hybrid land administration practices to reduce conflicting rationalities between customary and statutory land administration systems.
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Akrofi, Emmanuel Offei. "Assessing customary land administration systems for peri-urban land in Ghana." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4989.
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Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references.
Customary tenure is the predominant land tenure system in Ghana. It has been practiced for many years. Customary land tenure is built on the foundations of an African concept of land, distinguished by centrality of community, spirituality, and mutual dependence of the individual and the community. Colonization, increased population, rapid urbanisation has placed enormous pressure on customary tenure, especially in peri-urban areas. This study investigates customary administration in peri-urban Ghana. Using critical realism and multimethodology, peri-urban customary tenure in Accra and Kumasi, the fastest growing cities in Ghana, are assessed. A model for assessing functionality for peri-urban customary systems has been developed. The results indicate that functional customary systems adhere to the principles of good governance in customary land administration, although a lot needs to be done to improve accountability, transparency and land rights of women. It was also observed that whether the system has patrilineal or matrilineal inheritance does not have any significant influence on functionality. Further research is recommended to investigate best practices from other tenure systems to improve peri-urban customary tenure without compromising good aspects of customary systems.
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Thornton, Alexander Counihan. "Beyond the metropolis : a critical analysis of urban and peri-urban agriculture in two selected small urban centres in the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429884.
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Wehrmann, Babette. "Landkonflikte im urbanen und peri-urbanen Raum von Grossstädten in Entwicklungsländern : mit Beispielen aus Accra und Phnom Penh = Urban and peri-urban land conflicts in developing countries /." Münster : LIT, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014708568&line_number=0002&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Davies, Craig. "Air pollution and agricultural insect pests in urban and peri-urban areas of India : a case study of Varanasi." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369059.
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Dailey, Sophia R. "Microbiological Quality of Milk Produced in Urban and Peri-Urban Farms in Central Ethiopia and its Public Health Impact." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1312318255.
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Zou, Xing Long. "Modelling the spatial-temporal variation of forest carbon storage in the urban/peri-urban fringes of North-West Sydney." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/10069.
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This thesis begins with an overview of some current practices, issues, and prospects in the field of urban vegetation studies and associated urban carbon storage, leading to a summary of techniques used to evaluate urban vegetation in general and urban carbon storage specifically. Based on this review, many previous studies were focused on investigating the relationship between urban land use patterns change and carbon emissions, especially emissions from urban forests. However, recent technological innovations in the field of remote sensing, such as high resolution satellite images, can be further integrated with designed-based methods involving ground surveys, to elucidate urban carbon storage and other ecosystem services provided by urban forests. Following on the review, remote sensing technology was applied to classify the Landsat images obtained for 1991, 2001 and 2011, in order to determine the extent and distribution of urban forests among other land use/land cover (LULC) types. First the classical Maximum Likelihood classification (MLC) algorithm was applied to the Landsat images to produce rough categories of LULC for each period. Further to the MLC classification and in order to optimize the classification accuracy, a post-classification comparison (PCC) method, using ancillary data and knowledge-defined logic rule, was applied. In comparing the accuracy assessment of both methods, the overall accuracy significantly improved from 75.9 % (MLC) to 84.1 % (PCC) for the 1991 image; 72.6 % (MLC) to 84.3 % (PCC) for the 2001 image; and 73.3 % to 86.6 % for the 2011 image. Further accuracy parameters indicate that the omission error was 2.6 % for PCC in comparison to 5.3 % for MLC; and commission error was 3.2 % for PCC compared to 4.9 % for MLC. The PCC LULC maps indicate the average tree cover in the study area to be approximately 32.9 % in 2011 compare to 49.6 % in 1991, showing a reduction of forests by over 50 % over the period. Additionally, the proportion of urban coverage of the total study area increased from 24.7 % in 1991 to 44.6% in 2011, which is indicative of significant urbanization during the twenty year period. 3 Using the field sampling data, urban forest within the study area was quantified using the UFORE, an urban forest-effect model; the model was also applied to the classified images to elucidate urban forest variation during the past twenty years. The related urban forest ecosystem services, such as carbon storage/sequestration, air pollutant removal ability, were estimated using the regression equations in the model. The UFORE model revealed that the most common tree species in the study area is Sydney peppermint, and the total number of tree within North-West Sydney region was estimated to be approximately 2.3 million. These urban forests potentially store about 1.3 mt C in various forms such as biomass and soil. The relative carbon sequestration rate of these trees was estimated to be about 20,500 t C/yr ($AUD 467,000/year). Furthermore, the UFORE model results show that trees near buildings can potentially save $AUD 12.9 million every year and avoid 70000 t C emission, which is equivalent to saving nearly $AUD 1.6 million per year. Additionally, urban forests in the study area can potentially remove about 44,600 tons of pollutants (mainly greenhouse gases) annually equivalent to a saving of about $AUD 409 million every year. Thus the results reveal the spatial-temporal variation of urban vegetation during the last twenty year period; and showcase the importance and potential role of urban vegetation in preserving carbon storage and reducing greenhouse gas emissions into atmosphere. Furthermore, these results emphasize the significant potential value of urban forest in term of carbon storage and pollutant removal. The significance, implications and inspirations for future urban vegetation management and urban landscape planning, is discussed. Keywords: Urban forest, remote sensing, land use/cover change, urbanization, carbon storage and sequestration, UFORE model
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Ngben, Joseph Mborijah. "Suffering for water: infrastructure, household access and its fluid negotiations in peri-urban Tamale, Ghana." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/11427/31793.
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Analysis of access to water in the global South tends to disproportionately focus on the presence of water infrastructure such as the piped network to estimate the proportion of population that have access to water. While interest in access to water has advanced considerably, less research has focused on practices, strategies and experiences of everyday water access. This study engages with this issue in two neighborhoods, Kpanvo and Katariga, in Tamale, Ghana, exploring the ways in which residents negotiate to access water services in practice. Through participant observations and in-depth interviews, the study sets out to address three specific objectives, namely to understand how households experience and describe water access; to explore the various strategies and infrastructures households mobilise to gain and maintain access to water; and to examine the factors that mediate households’ water access. Water infrastructure in the study neighbourhoods includes pipes, but critically also other sources of water (dams, boreholes and wells) and storage infrastructure (underground reservoirs, poly tanks, plastic drums, metal drums, earthen ware pots, aluminium pots and jerry cans) where residents store water for use during periods of interruptions of supplies. Also given that water is not always readily available in the private homes of residents, vehicles such as tanker trucks, bicycles, motorbikes and motorised tricycles are used to haul water from various sources, making them part of water infrastructure that make water flow in and to the neighbourhoods. Similarly, humans themselves, particularly women and girls, are a part of the infrastructure that make water flow as they carry water from both improved and unimproved sources to meet households water needs. Findings from the study demonstrate that continuous access to water, even if a household is directly connected to a piped water system, is impossible due to practices of water rationing, contrary to a normative assumption of universal and reliable water service provisioning associated with networked water supply. Household access to water is constructed through multiple strategies and infrastructures, mediated as much by access to financial resources as by networks of social relationships. Affluent households are able to acquire household connections, and some, a priori rejected connections to the pipe network due to erratic supply, in favour of the more expensive options of installation of mechanised boreholes and buying water from tanker operators. In contrast, poor households leveraged networks of social relationships to enter into tap sharing arrangements with neighbours on agreed conditions of payment of monthly service bills or gifts of water from owners of private water sources. Building on Anand (2011) and Peloso and Morinville (2014) this thesis therefore concludes that the way in which access to water needs to be understood is not simply in terms of access to pipes - as critical as they are - but also in terms of the strategies and negotiations that structure and are embedded in practices through which access to water is gained, maintained and potentially controlled at the household and neighbourhood level. Analysing access to water in this way makes visible the various ways that humans shape water infrastructure and water access.
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Hooley, Jacqueline. "The field layer vegetation of urban woodlands : investigation ans simulation modelling." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407041.
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Guirado, Cabezas Maria. "Fragmentation and human disturbances in peri-urban forests: effects on vascular flora." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3672.
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La present tesi analitza els efectes de la fragmentació del bosc i les pertorbacions humanes associades sobre l'estructura, la composició i l'estat de conservació dels boscos en un paisatge peri-urbà mediterrani (la plana del Vallès), tenint en compte factors climàtics, topogràfics, de pertorbació humana i paisatgístics que operen a diverses escales. També es fa especial èmfasi en l'interès dels resultats obtinguts pel que fa a la conservació i la gestió de la biodiversitat forestal en aquestes àrees fortament humanitzades. Més concretament, s'analitzat:- La importància de les variables ambientals, les pertorbacions antròpiques i l'estructura de la clapa i del paisatge sobre el recobriment arbori de Quercus i Pinus.
- La importància dels grups de variables esmentades sobre la composició florística de les clapes de bosc de la plana del Vallès. També la resposta individual de cada espècie per tal d'identificar espècies indicadores.
- Les preferències antròpiques a l'hora de gestionar i freqüentar les clapes de bosc peri-urbanes en relació a les característiques estructurals d'aquestes.
- L'efecte de la mida de la clapa de bosc, dels usos del sòl adjacents, de la distància al marge del bosc i de la interacció d'aquests tres factors sobre la riquesa i la composició florística del sotabosc.
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Berg, Josefin. "Modelling Nitrogen Flows in Peri-urban Vegetable Field Plots in Nanjing, China." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9283.
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Den snabba utvecklingen och urbaniseringen i stora delar av Kina har ett flertal konsekvenser för miljön. Yangtzedeltats ytvatten är till stor del eutrofierade, delvis p.g.a. diffusa förluster från jordbruket. I denna studie har kväve- och, till viss del, fosforflöden och förluster från två odlingsrutor i ett intensivt odlat grönsaksfält i ett tätortsnära område i Nanjing, med hög tillförsel av organiskt gödsel, undersökts med hjälp av den fältskaliga simuleringsmodellen GLEAMS. GLEAMS parametriserades och kalibrerades mot mätvärden av jordens vatten- och kväveinnehåll. Ett scenario med minskad kvävetillförsel simulerades sedan.
Simuleringen av vattenhalten i de olika horisonterna var inte utmärkt. Den simulerade mängden mineralkväve i marken var avsevärt lägre än den uppmätta. Detta kan bero på en felaktig simulering av mineraliseringen av organiskt kväve eller en för långsam nedbrytning av gödsel. Det är också möjligt att felen i vattensimuleringarna bidrog till underskattningen av mängden mineralkväve i marken. Simuleringarna på de båda odlingsrutorna gav liknande resultat, förutom att ruta B hade 20% större förluster av N via simulerad erosion och läckage. För fortsatt simulering av alternativa odlingsmetoder bör modellens parametrisering förbättras, särskilt vad avser parametrar kopplade till gödselns mineralisering.
Many parts of China are going through a rapid development and urbanization resulting in various environmental impairities. The Yangtze Delta Region surface water bodies are affected by eutrophication, partly caused by diffuse losses from agriculture. In this study, nitrogen, and to some extent also phosphorus, flows and losses from two plots in an intensively cultivated vegetable field in a peri-urban area of Nanjing, with a high input of organic fertilizer, were analysed by the use of the field-scale simulation model GLEAMS. The GLEAMS model was parameterized and calibrated against measurements of soil water and nitrogen content in two plots. A scenario with a reduced input of nitrogen was then simulated.
The resemblance between simulated and measured water content in the different soil layers was quite poor. The simulated inorganic nitrogen content in the soil was significantly lower than the measured during great parts of the simulation period. This could be due to an inappropriate simulation of the mineralization of organic N under these conditions, or an underestimated decomposition rate of manure. It is also possible that the poor water simulations contributed to the underestimated inorganic N content in the soil. There were similar results for the two plots, except for an unexplained 20% increase in leaching and erosion losses of N in Plot B. For simulation of scenarios to find best management practices, the model parameterization should be further refined.