Journal articles on the topic 'Urban and Industrial Flora'
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1
Smith, G. F. "Die rol van ’n plantkundige in Parke en Ontspanning." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 9, no. 1 (July 5, 1990): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v9i1.435.
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The exceptional wealth of the flora of Southern Africa has been known internationally since the early seventeenth century. However, our floral heritage has been subjected to ever increasing pressure resulting from industrial, urban and agricultural development. Research primarily aimed at conserving our indigenous flora, making rare species available to nurseries as well as establishing a meaningful tree planting programme can, however, be undertaken by Departments of Parks and Recreation. Educational programmes ranging from formal to non-formal botanical education can play an important role in making the public aware of our unique flora. A graduate presenting botany as one major subject can assist Departments of Parks and Recreation in utilizing these opportunities, not only to conserve, but also to develop the natural resources currently under their control.
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Derevyanska, G. G., and O. Z. Glukhov. "ГЕОГРАФІЧНА СТРУКТУРА УРБАНОФЛОР СТЕПОВОЇ ЗОНИ УКРАЇНИ." Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 6, no. 2 (August 31, 2016): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/201653.
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<p>This paper considers the problem of geographic links between the urban flora of steppe zone of Ukraine on the example of the industrial agglomeration Donetsk-Makeyevka, in comparison with urban flora of Kherson and Kirovograd. We presented the detailed description of special features of the composition of geographic elements of the agglomeration flora. It strongly reflects the characteristic features of steppe urban flora, because its territory is affected by the anthropogenic influence at large extend. The spectrum of geographic ranges of species from the agglomeration Donetsk-Makeyevka urban flora numbers 6 types, 12 classes and 130 groups of ranges. The urban flora is both represented by species with wide and local ranges, endemics, that point to its significant heterogeneity. However, compared to the flora of Kherson and Kirovograd, the role of holarctic type of ranges in the agglomeration flora (375 species compared to 400 and 522 species, respectively) is reduced in favor of the polyregional type, reflecting active adventization processes. The holarctic class itself is represented by 150 species (16.7%). It far exceeds the number of species of this class in the regional flora (9.2%), since nearly a half of their number in the observed flora is adventive species. Second place by the number of species in the holarctic class belongs to the European and North American group (13; 1.5%). Apart from this, seven more groups of the class, comprising 1-3 species each, are connected with North America. The polyregional type is represented to a large extent by the species of ruderal habitats. The total number of species of this type is 199. The palaearctic class includes the greatest number of ranges of species from the agglomeration urban flora (31); it consists of 175 species (19.5%), that is less than such index for regional flora (27.3%). The European and Old Mediterranean transition type comprises 97 species (10.8%), that is less than in other urban flora of steppe zone (128; 13.3% in Kherson and 171; 18.0% in Kirovograd). The Nomadic type numbers 132 species (14.7%). One more species – Verbascum marschallianum Ivanina et Tzvelev – is related to the Nomadic and European transition type. The Nomadic and Old Mediterranean transition type includes 93 species (10.4%). This all suggests heterogeneity of urban flora of steppe zone of Ukraine due to their wide geographic connections. On the one hand, they have features of regional flora, which was formed under the great influence of Old Mediterranean flora and has a significant number of narrow-range and endemic species. On the other hand, under the impact of urbanization one can observe the reduction of the role of ranges of the Nomadic type and the enhanced role of the polyregional type due to the significant number of adventive species.</p><p> </p>
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Golovanov, Ya M., and L. M. Abramova. "Regularities of sinantropization processes of the vegetation cover in the cities of the south Cis-Urals (Bashkortostan Republic)." Vegetation of Russia, no. 28 (2016): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/vegrus/2016.28.28.
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Increase of anthropogenic pressure on nature ecosystems leads to synanthropization of flora and vegetation. A replacement of native species in communities with synanthropic ones, including alien species, takes place as well as a change of native plant communities by synanthropic ones, decrease of biodiversity, simplification of structure, decrease in efficiency and stability of plant communities (Gorchakovskij, 1999). Synanthropization as an indicator of anthropogenic transformation of vegetation is a traditional object of studies (Sudnik-Wojcikowska, 1988; Abramova, 2010; Abramova, Mirkin, 2000; Abramova, Mikhailova, 2003; etc.). The ratio of synanthropic and native flora species for an assessment of synanthropization level is usually used. The assessment of synanthropization level is the most important element of monitoring as it helps to estimate a degree of ecosystems disturbance and to develop a system of their rational use and protection. Processes of synanthropization are most expressed in the towns. The towns are the heterotrophic ecosystems including uniform group of anthropogenically transformed communities formed on the residential, industrial, transport, agrarian, recreational territories where the florogenesis and the phytocoenogenesis are highly specific (Burda, 1991; Ilminskikh, 1993). The urban environment can have the leveling impact on climatic factors therefore the floras of towns in different nature zones quite often have the common features (Ilminskikh, 1993). An increase of a syntaxonomic variety due to destruction of native vegetation is compensated by increase of synanthropic syntaxa number from the synanthropic classes of vegetation, and also communities of aggressive alien species which are combined with species of local flora. The regularities of synanthropization of urban flora and vegetation are less studied (Kowarik, 1990; Burda, 1991; etc.). Due to a growth of urbanization process around the world the studying of anthropogenic transformation of vegetation cover is required. The article is devoted to the analysis of regularities of synanthropization of plant cover in towns of the southern Cis-Urals belonging to the Southern industrial zone of Bashkortostan Republic. 3 towns — Sterlitamak, Salavat and Ishimbay representing different categories by their population size were chosen for an assessment of synanthropization level.
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Antipova, E. M., and S. V. Antipova. "The natural flora in landscaping the city of Krasnoyarsk." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 839, no. 5 (September 1, 2021): 052008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/839/5/052008.
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Abstract The dynamics of flora in urbanized areas is associated with the problem of biodiversity conservation, as one of the key problems of global ecology. The unification of the natural environment of cities leads to a loss of diversity inherent in natural flora, synanthropization of vegetation cover, depletion of the gene pool of aboriginal flora, cosmopolitanization and unification of flora, a decrease in the potential for evolution, artificial impoverishment of phylogenesis, phylocenogenesis and biotogenesis. The city of Krasnoyarsk is a large administrative centre of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, one of the largest industrial, scientific and cultural centres in Siberia. It stretches from west to east for 18–20 km along the left bank and up to 25 km along the right bank of the river. The Yenisei with a building depth of 3–4 km on both banks of the river, where the areas built up many decades ago are combined with new peripheral areas, the development of which began 10–15 years ago and is still ongoing. Currently, the area of the city is about 400 km2. The comfort of the urban environment is made up of a variety of components, among which wildlife objects - parks, squares, urban forests, river floodplains and the rivers themselves, swamp ecosystems - are the most important for urban residents, both from an ecological and socio-psychological point of view. The purpose of the article is to present one of the modern bioecological technologies for the improvement of the urban human environment. It is proposed to identify the species composition of 14 plant communities used for landscaping and the formation of a comfortable urban environment in Krasnoyarsk by creating natural parks on the embankment of the Yenisei River.
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Nagornaya, Olga Vyacheslavovna. "Invasive species of Asteraceae family in Kursk flora." Samara Journal of Science 7, no. 3 (August 15, 2018): 78–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201873114.
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The paper deals with biological features and quantitative characteristics of populations of some invasive species of the family Asteraceae in Kursk flora and their distribution. Kursk, being the industrial and administrative center of the Kursk Region, is characterized by a strong degree of flora transformation, as a result of the active transformation of the territory in recent years, which determines the suitable conditions for the introduction of invasive species and their wide distribution. In Kursk flora there are 43 invasive species, the proportion of Asteraceae is 21%. The paper presents biological features and characteristics of Xanthium albinum and Cyclachaena xanthiifolia populations. The following population indicators were studied: number of individuals, height and total projective cover. It was revealed that the populations of Xanthium albinum in different growing conditions show significant differences in the studied parameters. In the populations of Cyclachaena xanthiifolia fluctuations were observed in the number of individuals per 1 m. The reasons that determine the parameters of populations of invasive species is the degree of disturbance and shading. The study of urban vegetation is a necessary step in the development of measures to optimize the urban environment. The obtained materials will allow to evaluate the consequences of the introduction of these invasive species in the plant communities of Kursk and will provide a scientific basis for monitoring in order to prevent biological invasions.
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Makarenko, V. P., D. M. Fetisov, and D. V. Zhuchkov. "STUDY OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZE TOWNS VEGETATION IN RUSSIA: CURRENT STATE." REGIONAL PROBLEM 25, no. 1 (2022): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31433/2618-9593-2022-25-1-3-15.
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In the review article, the authors give the analysis of scientific publications related to the study of vegetation in small and medium-sized Russian towns over the past 10 years. The main topical areas in which research is currently being carried out include the study of urban flora, analysis of plantings state, assessment of the vegetation state as an indicator of the urban environment quality (bio-indication), selection of trees assortment for urban andscape design and introduction of species, the features of landscaping in different natural conditions, and the formation of urban ecological framework. It is noted the fragmentary nature of vegetation studies in small and medium-sized towns of Russia, not being conducted in most regions at all. There predominate empirical studies focused on describing the state of the vegetation cover in separate towns. Comprehensive research is not carried out widely. It is mainly used the inventory research methods. In the publications, there are no vegetation maps for small and medium-sized towns. Furthermore, there is no retrospective analysis of the urban flora and vegetation transformation. The authors of the most publications note the prevalence of inherited problems in the state of urban green spaces in the country, caused by the planning spontaneity in the Soviet period, the failure to incorporate environmental factors into the urban development planning, including the location of industrial enterprises, as well as the lack of programs for the development of green urban infrastructure, the perception of green plantings as an element of land improvement, rather than an environmentally significant factor.
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Chessman, BC. "Artificial-substratum periphyton and water quality in the lower La Trobe River, Victoria." Marine and Freshwater Research 36, no. 6 (1985): 855. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9850855.
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Between February 1975 and March 1977, periphyton from artificial substrata (glass microscope slides) and water samples for physicochemical analysis were obtained from eight sites on the lowland section of the La Trobe River, which flows through agricultural, urban and industrial areas. Total organic matter on the slides, estimated as weight loss on ignition, was usually highest in summer or autumn when river flows were low. However, chlorophyll a densities generally peaked in late winter and spring when nitrate concentrations were high, except at a site upstream of major urban and industrial areas, where a summer-autumn increase occurred. Thermal discharges from major power stations had no obvious effect on chlorophyll abundance, but did appear to substantially influence diatom assemblage composition from late summer to early winter, when river temperatures were highest. Downstream of the Morwell River confluence, diatom assemblages were influenced by a sharp increase in dissolved solids concentration and probably also by the grazing activities of snails (Ferrissia petterdi and Physastra gibbosa). The diatom flora at the most downstream site showed some evidence of recovery from thermal effects.
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Maltsev, Y. I., I. A. Maltseva, A. N. Solonenko, and A. G. Bren. "Use of soil biota in the assessment of the ecological potential of urban soils." Biosystems Diversity 25, no. 4 (November 30, 2017): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/011739.
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In assessing the ecological conditions and classification of urban soils, data about soil biota should be taken into account. The environment of urban territories is characterized by significant changes compared to their surrounding environments. It is established that the algal flora of urban soils lose their zonal features and features associated with the edification influence of higher plants. Specific biotopes with a definite species structure are formed in urboecosystems. Fifty 50 algae species have been recorded in the soils of the Henichesk urboecosystems (Kherson region, Ukraine): Cyanoprocaryota – 21, Chlorophyta – 13, Charophyta – 2, Eustigmatophyta – 1, Xanthophyta – 11, Bacillariophyta – 2. Among dominant and subdominant species were Cyanoprocaryota and Chlorophyta. The other phyla were represented by Klebsormidium dissectum, K. flaccidum, Hantzschia amphioxys, Eustigmatos magnus, Botrydiopsis eriensis. Compared with the surrounding environment, the urbanized flora of Henichesk has a low species richness, and is characterized by prevalence of Cyanoprocaryota and Chlorophyta species. The coefficient that takes into account the percentage of preservation of species richness in a particular urban area compared to the background indicators of species richness can be used to evaluate the urban transformation of soil biota. The degree of degradatory changes in the composition of living organisms and the direction of these changes depends on the specificity and intensity of exploitation of the territory of the urban ecosystem. The most diverse composition of algae species within the the city of Henichesk was noted in the recreational, residential, and transport zones, in comparison with the industrial zone and the zone of special use. Different functional areas of the city are distinguished not only by the algae species richness, but also by the composition of dominants. Among the dominants and subdominants of the recreational and transport zones were species of different phyla. The dominants and subdominants of the residential and industrial zones were Cyanoprocaryota species, in the zone of special use – representatives of Chlorophyta. The distribution of species richness of algae along the soil profile in the city acquires an atypical character. The species richness increases not in the most superficial layers of soil, but in the lower, aphotic parts of the soil profile. The soil biota, on the one hand, depends on the ecological conditions of soil, and on the other as a result of its life activity, changes the ecological functions of the soil, strengthening or weakening them. The reduction in the species richness of the soil algae of the urboecosystem Henichesk shows the limitations of ecological functions of urban soils. It is established that changes in the composition of algae in soils of urban ecosystems are one of the indicators of the presence and severity of transformation processes. These processes occur with the soil biota and soil as a whole under the conditions of urban ecosystems and can be used as indicators in the environmental assessment of urban soils, in the development and subsequent examination of ways to reduce negative expression of urbanization.
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Beasley, Gary, and Pauline Kneale. "Reviewing the impact of metals and PAHs on macroinvertebrates in urban watercourses." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 26, no. 2 (June 2002): 236–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133302pp334ra.
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Pollution-free stream water and sediments are crucial to support healthy stream flora and fauna, but urban surface runoff impairs water quality and leaves a legacy of pollution in the sediments. Pollution in sediments influences the development of macroinvertebrates, the lowest members of the food chain, leading to modification of the whole ecological structure. This review focuses on the sources and impacts of zinc, nickel, copper and oil derivative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminants on macroinvertebrates in urban streams. Land use, and the connectivity of the runoff and sediment are seen to have an effect on the ecological integrity of the watercourse but case examples are sparse. The literature indicates that while reduced species diversity has been identified at a number of sites the dynamics are neither well understood nor well modelled. The literature evidence is compared with field evidence from a study of 62 source areas in headwater catchments with residential, urban, industrial and motorway land uses. From the review and field results it is evident that there is still an important need for process-based field measurements of urban water quality parameters. It is suggested that forecasting the ecological status of watercourses would benefit from data on sediment chemistry and the interaction effects of metals and PAHs.
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Chandrashekara, Y. P., and B. N. Kantharaj. "Land use pattern and sustainable - A case study of Hassan district." Geo Eye 7, no. 1 (June 15, 2018): 27–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.53989/bu.ge.v7i1.6.
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The entire ecosystem encircling the land, soil, water with flora and fauna is the unique resource of Hassan district. The economic activities and productivity of all sectors depends on resource of this land to fulfill the demands of society. The study of land use is very essential to relieve the adverse impacts of land use and to improve the productive use of resources with minimum influence on future generation. In urban outlining land use preparation seeks to obtain and improve land use effectively and ethically way which could prevent land use disputes Land use also involves the management and modification of natural environment or more recent significant effects of land use, which includes planning, agriculture, industrial development and transport. Keywords Landuse, sustainable, land cover
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Shekhovtseva, O. G. "Soil algae in urban ecosystems of the city of Mariupol." Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 15, no. 1-2 (March 24, 2014): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041406.
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In the present time, a special attention is paid, worldwide, to the investigation of the biodiversity in ecosystems, as a important characteristic of the ecological investigations. The processes of urbanization of natural landscapes have caused some changes of biological factor of the soil formation and also of the formation of artificial ecological systems. The algae are an indispensable part of ecosystems, performing an important regulatory function in them. So aim of the research was to determine the systematic, environmental features, species composition of algae communities of soil in the city Mariupol (Donetsk region). Structural features of algae soil in habitats with various character of action of factors of urbanized environment are subjected to benchmark analysis. Results of use algal groups for monitoring soils of urbanized ecosystem are described. Problems of algae participation in maintenance of surface ecosystems stability under anthropogenic pressure on the environment have been discussed. Species composition and indication properties of soil algae as biological pollution indicators of the protected of the urbanized soils have been studied. The results of researches of various soil algal flora of arboreal plantations and lawns of the Mariupol industrial city are resulted. Conclusions about the influence of various kinds of anthropogenic effect upon of species diversity algae are given. Specific lines of algal groups of arboreal plantations and lawns of urban ecosystems are shown. The variety of the soil algae species has been investigated. Systematic structure at the level of orders, families, genera correlation of algae soil, life-forms are considered. The green and blue-green algae were found to be prevail, it was proved that they are the basis of dominate species complex. The greatest quantity of kinds of seaweed is allocated in zonal soils. The leading position in all investigated groups take representatives of Chlorophyta, except of the steppe phytocenoses, where the most various is the section of Cyanophyta. The increasing of species diversity of Xanthophyta is observed in the soils of background parts of man-planted forest phytocenoses. They are traditionally considered to be the index of purity of soil. Low species diversity of algoflora is a peculiarity of the city soils. Cyanophyta and Chlorophyta prevail, one-cell Xanthophyta are poor developed. A checklist of soil algal flora of the city of Mariupol is includes 78 species from five divisions: Chlorophyta – 32 (41,0 %), Cyanophyta – 25 (32,1 %), Xanthophyta – 9 (11,5 %), Bacillariophyta – 8 (10,3 %), Eustigmatophyta – 4 (5,1 %). Structural features of algae soil in habitats with various character of action of factors of urbanized environment are subjected to benchmark analysis. Including arboreal plantations 68 species: Chlorophyta – 27 (39,7 %), Cyanophyta – 20 (29,4 %), Xanthophyta – 12 (17,7 %), Bacillariophyta – 6 (8,8 %), Eustigmatophyta – 3 (4,4 %); in lawns 49 species – 23 (46,9 %), – 13 (26,5 %), – 4 (8,2 %), – 7 (14,3 %), – 2 (4,1 %) accordingly. On results researches of quantity of algal flora of urbanized soils the change of quantity is marked on the whole toward a decline. Abundance and biomass of soil algae of different in various ecosystems are given. Fluctuation ranges in biomass of algae of arboreal plantations and lawns have been registered. The species composition, ecological structure algae of arboreal plantations and lawns was analyzed. Ecological structure of algal communities of arboreal plantations and lawns: Ch16Р15С12X8H6B5M2CF2ampf2 (68) and Ch15P10В6С6Н5Х3М1NF1CF1amph1 (49) accordingly. Among the algae life forms Ch-, P-, X- and C-forms are domination (58 %).
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Storozhuk, V. M., B. Y. Kshyvetskyy, O. M. Mayevska, H. V. Somar, I. A. Sokolovskyi, and A. V. Melnikov. "Main aspects of environmental protection from urban noise." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 23, no. 96 (December 2, 2021): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.32718/nvlvet-f9615.
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The main sources of noise pollution in modern cities, that generate significant levels of sound pressure, which significantly, sometimes at times exceed permissible noise levels have been identified. The consequences of the negative impact of noise of the urban environment on the human body, fauna and flora are described. The sanitary-hygienic, engineering-technical, architectural-planning, construction-acoustic and economic-social aspects of scientific researches concerning protection of the environment from noise pollution are singled out. The main methods and ways to reduce urban noise are described, among which are: reducing the sound power level of existing equipment and vehicles, or replacing them with less noisy ones, and during design-taking measures to minimize noise emissions from machines; carrying out timely cleaning, adjustment, repair of machines, mechanisms and equipment, restriction or complete prohibition of noisy works and operation of the most intensive noise sources at night; rational orientation of the noise source or place of noise radiation, taking into account the direction indicator; placement of noise sources and objects of protection – at the maximum possible distance from each other; the use of building structures with improved sound insulation, the use of sound-absorbing materials for lining the enclosing structures of buildings and structures; zoning of sources and objects of protection, application of territorial gaps, noise protection buildings, acoustic screens and strips of greenery. It was found that the maximum possible impact on noise pollution of modern cities and surrounding areas can be achieved in the case of integrated application of methods, means of protection against acoustic blocking of the duration, direction and use of noise emissions in its sources and through noise level on the way to its spread, as well as through the implementation of appropriate organizational and technical measures.
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Freire, Maria das Graças Machado, and Vicente Mussi-Dias. "Uso ornamental de plantas de restinga." Ornamental Horticulture 25, no. 1 (March 12, 2019): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/oh.v25i1.1452.
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Upstate Rio de Janeiro restingas remain an open field for research on both richness and conservation of species. However, once vegetation there lies in privileged coastal areas, it is constantly threatened by real estate and industrial speculation. The beauty of its flora calls attention and arises the desire to take some local species to urban areas. Thus, the objective of this work is to identify species of plants from the restinga ecosystem which could be suitable for pot planting for landscaping use. Thirty different species were planted in pots containing soil, sand and manure as substrate and maintained for a period of one year. Along this time, variables such as plant height, number of leaves and diameter of the stem base were obtained. It was possible to identify the characteristics of each plant in relation to its adaptation to the potting environment, as well as to obtain information that might help choose species to properly fit the desired purpose of use.
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Ibama, Brown, and Dapa Idaminabo Nengi. "The boom, the blunder and the brunt of Wetlands conversion and urbanisation in Port Harcourt Municipality." International Journal of Hydrology 4, no. 5 (October 12, 2020): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ijh.2020.04.00251.
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Port Harcourt municipality as a developing city has over the years been inundated with rapid urbanisation and continuous city expansion. This development has led to an increasing demand for more land to cope with such pace of transformation. Land as a natural resource is finite, yet the demand for more land is unlimited. Based on this increasing demand for land for infrastructural, commercial, residential, institutional and industrial services, government, individuals and communities alike have resort to the reclamation and conversion of available wetlands within the Port Harcourt municipality. This study sets out to identify the boom, the blunder and the brunt of wetlands reclamation and conversion within Port Harcourt Municipality; with specific objectives to ascertain the nature of spatial expansion within the wetland areas in Port Harcourt municipality; identify the extent to which urban growth has affected land use in the wetland areas within Port Harcourt municipality; and to establish the boom, blunder and the brunt of wetland depletion and conversion for urban land uses within the Port Harcourt municipality. The study adopts a quasi-experimental research design, it involves the gathering of retrospective data from various sources without the manipulation of the data sources. Sampling technique was multi-stage; listing of all forty-one wetland settlements; three settlements were purposively selected for ease of access and growing insecurity. Satellite images of the study sites were obtained from Google earth, delineated and gridlines were superimposed on the images. A time series analysis using ERDAS imagine 2014 version, was used to show spatial changes between the years 1986 to 2000, and 2000 to 2016, a time period spanning thirty years. The study indicates that from 1986 to 2000, Port Harcourt municipality lost a total of 1,255,500 m2, this translates to a 5% loss. This loss occurs at an average rate of 89,678.57m2 per annum. From 2000 to 2016, the rate of loss was 108,956.25m2 per annum, and approximately 7.69% of wetlands totalling 1,743,300m2 was lost to urbanisation. Improved urban services, economic prosperity, increased revenue represents some of the boom. Unnecessary incursion into the wetlands by groups, depletion of habitat for flora and fauna species, development of unplanned settlements is some of the blunders and declining urban quality of life, massive urban flooding, pressure on existing urban services, depletion of the already lean state resources are the brunt. Some recommendations include; conduct periodic geospatial mapping of wetlands to enable the listing of identified wetlands and identify existing species of flora and fauna for conservation, tourism development and preservation; there should be a strengthened development control framework to guide and encourage professionally trained and equipped manpower to manage wetlands and ensure acceptable best practices.
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Udoh, J. P., A. J. Otoh, and M. E. Udang. "Biotreatment of brewery effluents for aquaculture use using autochthonous fungi." Tropical Freshwater Biology 29, no. 2 (April 29, 2021): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/tfb.v29i2.9.
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The potential of reducing environmental impact of untreated brewery effluent was investigated. Although concentrations of pollutants in such effluents are usually considered low and inadvertently discharged into adjacent urban drainage facility, mycoremediation to remove dissolved inorganic nutrients in effluent was conducted with a view for aquaculture use in Uyo metropolis, southeast Nigeria. Raw brewery effluents were obtained and screened for indigenous microbial flora. Autochthonous fungi isolated included Aspergillus niger, Verticillium sp. and Mucor sp. The potential use of isolates as alternative treatment of brewery effluents was analyzed for treated and control groups. Treated group was inoculated with pure colonies of fungi isolates while the control group received no fungi treatment or modification. Both groups were incubated for seven (7) days. Thereafter, the physicochemical parameters of raw and remediated effluents were analysed and compared with National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA) and aquaculture standards. Results confirmed suitability of autochthonous fungi isolates in mycoremediation of brewery effluent for aquaculture and irrigation.
Key words: effluent toxicity, industrial pollution, mycoremediation, aquatic ecosystem, Uyo
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Srivastava, Richa, Anamika Tewari, Lalit K. S. Chauhan, Dinesh Kumar, and Shrawan K. Gupta. "Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Municipal Sludge." Alternatives to Laboratory Animals 33, no. 1 (February 2005): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026119290503300105.
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Municipal wastes originating from urban and industrial areas have become a major source of soil, ground and surface water pollution. These undesirable agents in our environment significantly interact with our flora and fauna. The aim of this study was to test samples of municipal sludge (MS) for their ecotoxicological potential by using sensitive bioassays involving a plant, Vicia faba, and the earthworm, Eisenia foetida. A 10% leachate of MS was prepared for the experiments, and V. faba seedlings were exposed to three leachate concentrations (2.5%, 5% and 10%) for 5 days. The findings revealed chromosome aberrations during the metaphase as well as the anaphase of cell division, and inhibition of the mitotic index, which reflects that MS originating from domestic and other human activities may be genotoxic to the living organisms of the ecosystem. Abnormalities in chlorophyll content, plant growth, root length, shoot length and root/shoot length ratio in V. faba clearly indicated the toxicity of the sludge. Behavioural and reproduction studies with E. foetida also provided evidence for the toxic nature of the MS.
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Zepeda Gómez, Carmen, Xanat Antonio Nemiga, Antonio Lot Helgueras, and Delfino Madrigal Uribe. "Análisis del cambio del uso del suelo en las ciénegas de Lerma (1973-2008) y su impacto en la vegetación acuática." Investigaciones Geográficas, no. 78 (July 31, 2012): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14350/rig.32469.
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Las ciénegas de Lerma son áreas de alta diversidad impactada y deteriorada por el desarrollo industrial y urbano del Valle de Toluca. Los cambios, intercambios y transiciones sistemáticas de uso de suelo ocurridos en ellas entre 1973 y 2008, se evaluaron y relacionaron con la diversidad de la vegetación acuática que aún conservan. Se visualizó la repartición de la flora dominante y el tipo de plantas que prevalence en cada humedal mediante análisis de correspondencia. Se revela que los procesos de trasformación varían espacial y temporalmente en cada ciénega, pero la tendencia más generalizada es la pérdida de zonas de agua abierta y tulares, las cuales tienden a transformarse en zonas de baja inundación que favorece una flora hidrófita de menor talla y adaptada a los disturbios, que posteriormente es sustituida por campos de cultivo y eventualmente por espacios urbanos. El ritmo de destrucción de los humedales fue más intenso de 1973 a 1989, pero aún se mantenía en 2008. La expansión de áreas agrícolas y urbanas ha desplazado a las áreas inundables, causando efectos negativos sobre la diversidad y estructura de la vegetación acuática de las ciénegas.
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Mykhailyk, Olha. "BLUE LINES AS TOWN-BUILDING LIMITATIONS OF COASTAL WATER AREA." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 63 (April 14, 2022): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2022.63.135-144.
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The characteristics and problems of coastal water areas and coastal territories are considered. The use of coastal areas for economic, residential, and industrial buildings led to their degradation and gave rise to a number of legal, ecological, technical, and urban planning problems. Coastal water areas and territories are important natural and urban planning complexes in the planning structure of the city, because they enrich the urban fabric with public and recreational space, coastal flora and fauna, a picturesque landscape, and improve the microclimate of the urban environment. Professional organization, beautification, preservation and protection of coastal water areas and their coastal territories is one of the dominant urban planning tasks due to the fact that coastal territories are extremely vulnerable, the most exploited and investment-attractive zones. Preservation of the natural balance between the water area and the coastal area in the conditions of an urbanized environment is an urgent task of city planners. The advantages of the organization of the coastal man-made system have been proven. The urban planning organization of the coastal territory of the river is a set of measures for engineering preparation and improvement of the territory, which include the definition and measurements of the site, the identification of its natural features, the determination of the borders of the coastal territory, zoning with the definition of restrictions (water protection zone, coastal protective strip, green lines), project development, technical support of architectural and landscape improvement under the condition of maintaining and preserving the natural balance of the river ecosystem. The importance of establishing the Blue Lines of urban planning restrictions of coastal water areas is substantiated. Green and Blue lines should become tools for limiting the urbanized load on the natural component of cities and settlements, protecting and safeguarding the purity of the water body, the balance of the ecotone component, the river biocenosis, and the paradynamic connections of the river ecosystem during its urban development. The blue lines of urban planning restrictions – the boundaries of the water area cut – will contribute to the preservation of the maximum allowable sizes of coastal water areas, a tool for preserving the natural component in the urbanized environment, which will help solve the problem of balanced, rational and harmonious use of coastal water areas and territories. In addition to the obvious advantages of improving the microclimate of the urban environment, the appearance of recreational and pedestrian zones, the organization of public space (city friendly for people), the return of historical and cultural significance, professional urban planning organization and the revitalization of river ecosystems will have long-term economic profit – the coastal areas of revived water areas will become promising objects for investments.
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Salman, Nurul Hamizah, Lum Mok Sam, Kimberly Ador, Bellericter Binjamin, Mohd Iftar Johwan Johny-Hasbulah, and Suzan Benedick. "Linking Measure of the Tropical Stingless Bee (Apidae, Meliponini, and Heterotrigona itama) Honey Quality with Hives Distance to the Source of Heavy Metal Pollution in Urban and Industrial Areas in Sabah, Borneo." Journal of Toxicology 2022 (September 30, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4478082.
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Honey is a natural product of bees, and its chemical composition depends on the nectar sources of the surrounding flora as well as environmental factors. However, keeping hives in areas polluted with heavy metals can affect the quality of bee products such as honey. To date, there have been very few studies on the health risks of consuming honey at various locations in the Malaysian state of Sabah, Borneo, in relation to food standards and heavy metal contamination of honey from the stingless bee, Heterotrigona itama in association with pollutant sources. A total of 63 samples of raw and unprocessed honey were collected directly from beekeepers producing honey at five sites in the industrial areas. All selected heavy metals were measured using an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer (ICP-OES). Overall, the most frequently detected element was Zn (0.090 mg/kg), followed by Pb (0.012 mg/kg), As (0.004 mg/kg), and Cr (0.003 mg/kg), while Cd (0.001 mg/kg) was the lowest element in honey from all areas. With the exception of Cr and Zn, a significant correlation was found between PCA factor score 1 and heavy metal concentration in honey for Pb, Cd, and As, suggesting that the source of pollution for these metal elements was from hives closer to major roads, cities/town, petrochemical hub, and power plants. Although the heavy metal concentrations in the honey samples did not exceed the food standard limits and therefore do not pose a health risk, the observed increase in heavy metal concentrations in honey in industrial areas could pose a potential risk in the future due to the growing interest in rearing of stingless bees for honey production in these areas of Sabah.
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Stankovic, Stevan. "The Djerdap National Park : The polyfunctional tourist region." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 83, no. 1 (2003): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd0301043s.
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The Djerdap National park, which comprises the river, the lake, the gorge, and mountainous surrounding and has a potential in water and land traffic, influences several economic possibilities in rural and urban settlements. That influence would result in additional funds for spatial planning, which is one of the priorities when development of tourism in Serbia is in question. In our country, which is continental area of the Balkans, Djerdap lake, as a part of the Djerdap National park, is not only of local and regional value, but also of national, European, tourism, energetic, traffic, cultural, historic, and civilization value. It seems that tourism, as an industrial branch, which connects the area, people and activities in an improved way, has to be design and developed with special attention. In the Djerdap National Park there are excellent conditions for the development of many types of tourism, that are to be developed in concordance with other industrial branches and thus broadening the base for economy and valorization of natural and obtained wealth. Natural features of the Djerdap National Park stand as a renewing part for its polyvalence and multification and being combined in various ways the frequently compose unfavorable complexes. Those features are relief, hydrographic objects, climate, flora and fauna. The Djerdap National Park comprises cultural historical monuments from the Neolithic Period to modern times. Cultural heritage shows that the Danube riparian area was inhabited in the Neolithic Period and since than it has preserved the continuity of living. The development of the living in this area may be traced at archeological sites of back to Roman, Turkish and modern buildings.
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Buzatto, Laiza, and Cláudia Felin Cerutti Kuhnen. "TRILHAS INTERPRETATIVAS UMA PRÁTICA PARA A EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL." Vivências 16, no. 30 (December 11, 2019): 291–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31512/vivencias.v16i30.151.
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O presente artigo apresenta as temáticas meio ambiente e educação ambiental através do projeto de extensão realizado denominado Trilhas Interpretativas uma prática para a Educação Ambiental, que, versa um novo paradigma conceitual sobre uma importante ferramenta da Educação Ambiental perante o cenário contemporâneo, onde o processo desencadeado a partir da crise ambiental pós revolução industrial, potencializou os desequilíbrios aos ecossistemas, afetando diretamente a perda da biodiversidade da fauna e flora como também indiretamente os sujeitos participes das comunidades e consequentemente as atividades que exercem. A trilha como ferramenta auxilia na sensibilização dos participantes, exercendo o papel norteador dos conceitos ecológicos e de sustentabilidade dos ecossistemas através do sujeito participe, pois o mesmo apresenta uma potencialidade de reflexão sobre a temática vivenciada no local da trilha e dinamiza o conhecimento para outros sujeitos Foram trabalhados a sensibilização por meio do contato com a natureza, através de atividades lúdicas como jogos que auxiliam no entendimento dos participantes mediante aos conceitos abordados durante a trilha, palestras que desenvolvem as definições sobre as temáticas ambientais e de educação ambiental que se atravessam como: meio ambiente, recursos naturais renováveis e não renováveis, fauna, flora e seus habitats, compreensão sobre a biodiversidade e a crise ambiental, extinção e organização do ecossistema. A trilha interpretativa é desenvolvida nos limites da Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões campus de Frederico Westphalen URI-FW, onde se encontra um fragmento de Mata Atlântica, que sofre com algumas alterações antrópicas, mas mesmo assim apresenta uma vasta diversidade de fauna e flora, a trilha atendeu aproximadamente 1000 alunos escolas de Frederico Westphalen e do programa Jovem Aprendiz do SENAC. Dessa forma, qualificar os significados dos espaços da trilha ecológica e estimular o ethos do sujeito mediante suas atitudes e ações ressignifica a amplitude das questões ambientais e a compreensão da dimensão socioambiental no espaço urbano onde a trilha está estruturada.
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Costa, Bárbara Ferreira Dalla, and Kennedy Francis Roche. "Toxicidade aguda em área urbana da microbacia do córrego Água Boa (MS)." Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental 25, no. 1 (January 2020): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-41522020147956.
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RESUMO A bacia hidrográfica do córrego Água Boa (Dourados, MS) sofre grande influência antrópica, tais como urbana e industrial. Levando-se em consideração sua importância para a manutenção de fauna, flora, indústria e população local, o estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a toxicidade de suas águas nos períodos seco e chuvoso de 2013, da nascente até próximo à sua foz, por meio de testes de toxicidade aguda com D. similis e D. rerio, além de análises físicas, químicas e de concentrações de metais pesados. Os resultados mostraram as variabilidades espacial e temporal dos parâmetros analisados. Além disso, constatou-se efeito tóxico no ponto 02 para D. rerio em ambos os períodos. As análises comprovaram a crítica situação de degradação do ambiente aquático estudado e alertam para os cuidados que deverão ser tomados. Portanto, sugere-se maior fiscalização por parte dos órgãos ambientais, bem como conscientização da população quanto às emissões de efluentes e resíduos no corpo hídrico, a fim de evitar sua degradação.
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Yu, Jia, and Rui Yang. "Study on the Predictive Algorithm of Plant Restoration under Heavy Metals." Scientific Programming 2021 (August 9, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6193182.
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Heavy metal pollution of soil is becoming a more serious issue globally. Heavy metal contamination of the soil environment is inevitable as a result of the rapid and extensive growth of industry and agriculture, resulting in unfavorable environmental circumstances for both the flora and fauna. Traditional approaches for collecting field sampling with laboratory testing of soil heavy metals are restricted not only by their time and cost but also by their inability to gather sufficient information about the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in soil over a vast area. The continuous development of the urban industrial processes leads to the degree of heavy metal pollution in urban gardens. For soil monitoring and cleanup, having quick and accurate access to heavy metal concentration data is very crucial and critical. In order to improve the restoration ability of garden heavy metal pollution, a new algorithm to predict plant restoration ability under the garden heavy metal pollution environment is put forward in this study. Firstly, we analyzed the composition of garden heavy metal pollution and the harm of garden heavy metal pollution. Secondly, we identified the restoration technology of garden heavy metal pollution to plants, determine the level of garden heavy metal pollution with the help of the land accumulation index method, and reflect the average pollution water level of garden heavy metal elements with the help of Numero comprehensive pollution heatstroke. On this basis, the plant repairability prediction model was constructed with the help of wavelet function, to predict the plant repairability under garden heavy metal pollution environment and to complete the prediction of plant repairability under garden heavy metal pollution environment. The experimental results show that the proposed method was better than the traditional approaches in terms of prediction accuracy and is also less time-consuming.
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Gorissen, Sarsha, Matthew Greenlees, and Richard Shine. "A skink out of water: impacts of anthropogenic disturbance on an Endangered reptile in Australian highland swamps." Oryx 51, no. 4 (September 26, 2016): 610–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605316000442.
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AbstractThe Blue Mountains water skink Eulamprus leuraensis is an Endangered swamp specialist known from < 60 sites and restricted to the rare, threatened and fragmented habitat of Temperate Highland Peat Swamps on Sandstone. Understanding the species’ ecology, notably its vulnerability to threatening processes such as hydrological disturbance, is essential if we are to retain viable populations of this Endangered reptile. We examined the impact of anthropogenic disturbance (longwall mining practices, development (industrial, urban, infrastructural) and damage by recreational vehicles) on this species, other herpetofauna and the swamp by surveying six paired undisturbed and disturbed sites in south-eastern Australia. The abundance of E. leuraensis was severely affected by disturbance. The species was absent from disturbed swamps, where it was replaced by its congener E. heatwolei and other woodland reptile species. Disturbance was associated with a halving of soil moisture content and a loss of surface water; the dense, live understorey was replaced by a sparser, drier habitat with dead vegetation, logs, rocks and bare ground. In effect, disturbance eliminated the distinctive features of the swamp habitat, transforming it into an area that resembled the surrounding habitat in terms of fauna, flora and physical characteristics. Our surveys suggest that hydrological disturbance (groundwater loss or alterations in surface water chemistry) extirpates E. leuraensis. This species' dependence on groundwater renders it sensitive to habitat degradation through hydrological disturbance. The conservation message for management authorities is clear: to protect the skink, protect the habitat.
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Philpott, Stacy M., Simone Albuquerque, Peter Bichier, Hamutahl Cohen, Monika H. Egerer, Claire Kirk, and Kipling W. Will. "Local and Landscape Drivers of Carabid Activity, Species Richness, and Traits in Urban Gardens in Coastal California." Insects 10, no. 4 (April 19, 2019): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10040112.
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Urban ecosystems, as mosaics of residential, industrial, commercial, and agricultural land, present challenges for species survival due to impervious surface, degradation, fragmentation, and modification of natural habitat, pollution, and introduced species. Some urban habitats, such as community gardens, support biodiversity and promote ecosystem services. In gardens, local factors (e.g., vegetation, groundcover) and landscape surroundings (e.g., agriculture, built or impervious cover) may influence species abundance, richness, and functional traits that are present. We examined which local and landscape factors within 19 community gardens in the California central coast influence ground beetle (Carabidae) activity density, species richness, functional group richness, and functional traits—body size, wing morphology, and dispersal ability. Gardens with higher crop richness and that are surrounded by agricultural land had greater carabid activity density, while species and functional group richness did not respond to any local or landscape factor. Gardens with more leaf litter had lower carabid activity, and gardens with more leaf litter tended to have more larger carabids. Changes in local (floral abundance, ground cover) and landscape (urban land cover) factors also influenced the distribution of individuals with certain wing morphology and body size traits. Thus, both local and landscape factors influence the taxonomic and functional traits of carabid communities, with potential implications for pest control services that are provided by carabids.
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Hungerford, Natasha L., Ujang Tinggi, Benjamin L. L. Tan, Madeleine Farrell, and Mary T. Fletcher. "Mineral and Trace Element Analysis of Australian/Queensland Apis mellifera Honey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (August 29, 2020): 6304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176304.
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Honey is an extensively utilized sweetener containing sugars and water, together with small quantities of vitamins, minerals, fatty acids, amino acids and proteins. Naturally produced by honeybees (Apis mellifera) from floral nectar, honey is increasingly sold as a health food product due to its nutritious features. Certain honeys are retailed as premium, trendy products. Honeybees are regarded as environmental monitors, but few reports examine the impact of environment on Australian honey trace elements and minerals. In higher density urban and industrial environments, heavy metals can be common, while minerals and trace elements can have ubiquitous presence in both agricultural and urban areas. Honey hives are traditionally placed in rural and forested areas, but increasingly the trend is to keep hives in more urban areas. This study aimed to determine the levels of 26 minerals and trace elements and assess elemental differences between honeys from various regional Queensland and Australian sources. Honey samples (n = 212) were acquired from markets, shops and supermarkets in Queensland while urban honeys were purchased online. The honey samples were classified into four groups according to their regional sources: urban, rural, peri-urban and blend honey. Elemental analyses of honey were performed using ICP-MS and ICP-OES after microwave and hot block digestion. Considerable variations of essential trace elements (Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mn, Mo and Zn) and mineral levels (Ca, K, Mg, Na and P) were found in honeys surveyed. There were significant differences (p < 0.05) between urban and rural honey samples for B, Na, P, Mn, K, Ca and Cu. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were also found between blend and urban honey samples for K, Cu, P, Mn, Sr, Ni, B and Na. Peri-urban versus urban honeys showed significant differences in P, K and Mn. For rural and peri-urban honeys, the only significant difference (p < 0.05) was for Na. Toxic heavy metals were detected at relatively low levels in honey products. The study revealed that the Queensland/Australian honey studied is a good source of K and Zn and would constitute a good nutritional source of these elements.
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Mytsyk, L. P., A. A. Polischuk, and O. I. Lisovets. "Ecological and biological properties of lawn coverages of city of Nikopol (Dnepropetrovsk area)." Питання степового лісознавства та лісової рекультивації земель 47 (November 29, 2018): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/441802.
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The value of lawns shows up completer in all, when they occupy 40 – 90 % of the areas of green plantations. However in industrial cities their part is less, they have the mainly unsatisfactory state, contain the ruderal species.
Therefore an ecological ground of creation of proof lawn phytocenosis in cities with high technogenic pressure, and also development of research and practice measures of their arrangement in the conditions of certain anthropogenic landscape taking into account the ecologic and biologic features of turf-forming species and terms of the urbanized environment is the scientific issue.
The aim of our research is: on the basis of ecologo-phytocenotic researches to set the phytocenotic features of lawns and coverage of lawn type of the urbanized ecosystems on the example of Nikopol for development of ecological bases of creation of proof cenosis in municipal habits and decision of questions of optimization of environment.
The trial areas under study were located among grasses of grass type and ornamental lawns in the city of Nikopol. The administrative and residential areas of the city were covered. In total, thirty test sites of size 1m2 (metrics) were described, divided into 120 areas of size 0,0625 m2. Characteristics were studied on each test area: illumination, species composition, percentage of projective coverage of each species found, percentage of free plant area.
In the 30 trial sites covered by our research, 44 species of plants belonging to 15 families were identified. Species saturation of investigated test areas (1m2) varied from 10 to 17 species. Among the families, the primacy of the species composition was occupied by Asteraceae and Poaceae.Taking into account the instructions of V.V. Tarasov, the spectrum of the first percentages of the occurrence of families reproduces the composition of the regional flora with the dominance of cereals and herbs. The analysis of herbaceous vegetation was carried out taking into account the prevalence (in the event of a species) and the quantitative role in the formation of grass (projective coverage). This made it possible to find out the potentialities of species in a certain growth area, that is, competing ability.The triumphal triumph in the whole spectrum of the species we found among the grasses are Trifolium repens L. (occurrence of 93%), Polygonum aviculare L. (90 %), Taraxacum officinale Webb. ex Wigg. (83 %), Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. (80 %), Achillea submillefolium Klok. et Krytska (70 %), Convolvulus arvensis L. (70 %) etc. These are representatives of weed vegetation, for the most part – ruderal species, and even those that are quarantine and undesirable for urban lawn phytocoenoses.Of the Poaceae family, Poa angustifolia L. (87%), Elytrigia repens (L.) Nevsky (77%), Lolium perenne L. (70%) have high incidence. The indicated plants are representatives of both steppe flora, and ray and even forest, which speaks of a wide range of ecological conditions of location among studied lawn phytocoenoses. Typical species that are able to form the most decorative grass cover (according to the classification of O. Laptev) are represented by the species Poa angustifolia, Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis L., Festuca valesiaca Gaud. Their prevalence in the herb is quite variable: from the presence on most of the test areas - Poa angustifolia, to those who met quite rarely – Festuca valesiaca.Most of the investigated test areas form a thin-grasshopper and pyrite-grass-mixed grass group, which corresponds to the specific structure of meadow lawns and conventional urban grasslands. The ecological and phytocenotic composition of the investigated vegetation groups of the lawn type reflects the system formed by certain representatives that make up the botanical and ecological basis for the creation of stable long-lived grass coverings in the urban agglomeration of the steppe zone, is an objective benchmark for targeting the corresponding phytocoenic processes in the desired direction.Correlations analysis of projective coatings was performed to find out the relationship between Ambrosia artemisiifolia and other representatives of the lawn flora. The calculation is based on data from the area of 0.25m2 (120 sites). The obtained materials allowed to reveal a mutual correlation of quantitative indicators with a high degree of statistical probability. Thus, a probable negative correlation between the parameters of the projective cover of the plants of the family Fabaceae and Ambrosia artemisiifolia was found.
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Morozov, Anatolii, Nataliia Mironova, Tetiana Morozova, and Victor Rybak. "INVESTIGATION OF ACOUSTIC LOAD FROM TRAFFIC FLOW ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF KHMELNYTSKY." Dorogi i mosti 2021, no. 24 (October 1, 2021): 183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.36100/dorogimosti2021.24.183.
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Introduction. Urbanization, intensification of road transport, development of urban infrastructure contributes to increased noise pollution. As traffic flows increase, so do acoustic discomfort zones, and the problem of traffic noise is becoming increasingly environmentally and socially important. Problem statement. The traffic flow significantly exacerbates the environmental problems of cities. One of the most negative factors is the increasing acoustic load. Noise pollution is currently becoming one of the most important environmental stressors. Noise levels depend on the intensity, speed, nature of traffic, type and quality of coverage, land use planning (longitudinal and transverse street profiles, building architecture, traffic lights) and the presence of greenery. Noise leads to an imbalance of auditory adaptation, regulatory processes of the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, hemodynamic disorders, the development of noise sickness. At long influence mechanisms of reflex and neurohumoral reactions are broken, there is a nervous pathology, attention decreases by 12-16%. Physiological and biochemical adaptation of a person to noise is impossible, in addition, noise has an inherent consuming effect. Acoustic load has a negative impact on flora and fauna. The main ones are reduced adaptive and reproductive capacity, changes in trophic nets, increased risk of predation, growth retardation, accelerated transpiration, death of leaves and flowers. This problem is most acute for urban ecosystems, as urbanization is one of the main factors in reducing biodiversity due to the loss of natural habitats, their fragmentation or drastic change. In urban conditions, many anthropogenic (industrial, transport noise) is added to the natural noise, which significantly changes the acoustic background. Currently, the noise load in megacities has increased by 12-15 dB, and the volume by three to four times. In cities with heavy traffic, the noise level is approaching 80 dB. Cartographic methods are widely used to visualize and predict noise load. Mapping the noise load of cities is relevant for Ukraine. Currently, acoustic maps have been developed only for certain districts of Kyiv. The creation of acoustic maps will help improve the ecological condition of urban areas. Purpose. Investigate and assess the level of noise load created by traffic flows on the main highways of the city of Khmelnytsky, create an acoustic map and determine the main directions of noise pollution. Research methods. general scientific (generalization, comparison, analysis and synthesis, theoretical and methodological substantiation); mathematical statistics; field (full-scale measurements of noise on the territory); cartographic (construction of a map-scheme) Results. The article highlights the problem of urban ecosystem acoustic load. It is evaluated the noise pollution of Khmelnytskyi city in Ukraine. The noise contamination model is constructed using GIS technologies within modern software package. It is shown that simulation and visualization of noise load using software makes it possible to objectively and detail estimate the acoustic situation and to propose managerial decisions development to protect the population from noise. Conclusion. The intensity of traffic noise depends on the condition and width of roads, the distance of residential buildings from the axis of the roadway. Depending on the capacity of roads, the presence of intersections changes the acoustic load. Reduction of urban traffic noise is associated with absorbing, reflecting, shielding and insulating acoustic ability. Optimization of noise protection of the urban ecosystem depends on a set of architectural and planning solutions. When introducing technical and economic characteristics of noise protection measures, it is necessary to take into account their features (practical limitations and opportunities).
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Pantaleon, Lorena, Andre Rinaldi Fukushima, Leonardo Ribeiro de Paula, Guilherme Mendes Ribeiro, Beatriz do Prado Pacca, Juliana Weckx Pena Munoz, Helenice de Souza Spinosa, and Esther Lopes Ricci. "Integrative Review Verification of the Influence of Atrazine Exposure on Behavioral, Neurochemical and Parkinsons Disease Disorders." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2, no. 10 (October 2021): 1044–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1347.
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Herbicides represent the largest portion of pesticides used both worldwide and in Brazil. Many of these compounds are applied on a large scale in native forests and in urban and industrial water environments, including atrazine. Due to its low cost, ability to remain active in the soil for long periods and potential effect on weed removal, atrazine ranks 5th in the ranking of most used pesticide in Brazil. Although the use of pesticides increases agricultural production, their intensive use can often cause negative effects on fauna and flora. Studies have shown that exposure to atrazine can cause various harmful effects in mammals, of both sexes, such as structural, neuroendocrine and/or behavioral changes. Considering the seriousness of the situation and the possible toxicological and pathological implications that atrazine can generate in the animal organism, the objective of this work was to carry out an integrative literature review in order to verify the scientific panorama on issues related to atrazine exposure and its impacts, mainly with regard to its toxicity on the central nervous system. To carry out this article, a bibliographic survey of scientific material obtained in the following databases was carried out: US National Library of Medicine - National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Virtual Health Library (Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences - LILACS), Science Direct and Google® Academic, in the last 25 years. The MeSH Terms used in the search were: “Parkinson's disease”, “atrazine”, “herbicide” and “endocrine disruptor”. The following were found in the Science Direct indexers: 115 records, PubMed 52 records, in LILACS no articles were found, and 1330 records were found in Google® Academic.
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Kovrigin, Artur A., and Mikhail Yu Slesarev. "Ecological monitoring of the atmosphere close to Salaryevo landfill." Vestnik MGSU, no. 5 (May 2022): 589–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2022.5.589-602.
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Introduction. Today air safety problems affect the interests of all countries. The object of the study is atmospheric air above the territory of Salaryevo, a closed solid waste landfill, located in the Leninsky district of the Moscow region to the south of Salaryevo village. To improve the environmental safety of the adjacent territory, the landfill was subjected to the two-stage reclamation procedure. The state of the main components of the natural environment, namely, water, soil, and air, was monitored after the reclamation. The authors consider environmental monitoring as a set of measures to track the state of the main components of the environment, or the atmosphere above a closed solid waste landfill. The main task of monitoring actions is to track changes in the core environmental parameters, identify sources and causes of environmental degradation, and develop recommendations for optimizing environmental protection activities at the landfill.
Materials and methods. Rosprirodnadzor (Federal Service for Supervision of Natural Resources) presented a list of 163 methods for calculating harmful (polluting) substances emitted by stationary sources into the atmospheric air, only 15 of which are duly approved by the authorized federal executive authorities. However, there is no methodology for assessing air pollution near landfills designated for solid industrial and domestic wastes. Hence, the research and analysis of monitoring findings near Salaryevo landfill are relevant.
Results. The ongoing monitoring of the main components of the environment allow to make most accurate forecasts of changes in environmental conditions under the influence of waste disposal and the best solutions towards the optimization of process flows underway at the landfill. In the course of the landfill reclamation and upon its completion, the authors studied the stability of changes in the air environment to predict any unforeseen accidental emissions of landfill gases. Selected samples were compared with maximally allowable concentration values in terms of their impact on human health, fauna and flora of the urban environment.
Conclusions. The conclusion is that background concentrations of harmful substances in the atmospheric air are below maximally allowable concentration values. These values were obtained as a result of the air monitoring in the course and upon completion of reclamation actions. The environmental safety monitoring model, simulating the operation of technical facilities and engineering systems of Salaryevo landfill, meets the requirements of “green” technologies against the comfort and safety criteria applicable in an urban area located near a landfill.
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Marques, Érika Tavares, Cláudia Ricardo de Oliveira, Ariane Silva Cardoso, Hidaiane Caldas, and Maria do Carmo Sobral. "Social and environmental indicators of the Jaboatão river water basin associated with diseases related to inadequate environmental sanitation (DRIES)." International Journal of Hydrology 6, no. 5 (October 27, 2022): 224–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ijh.2022.06.00330.
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Located in the Southern Mata region of the state of Pernambuco, the Jaboatão River Hydrographic Basin (JRB) has an area of 442 km². Part of the group of small coastal rivers (GL2), the JRB drains the municipalities of Recife, Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Moreno, São Lourenço da Mata, Cabo de Santo Agostinho, and Vitória de Santo Antão. In addition to contributing to the public supply of the Metropolitan Region of Recife, the JRB receives domestic, industrial and agro-industrial effluents along its route. The JRB runs through densely occupied municipalities with irregular land use and deficiencies in infrastructure, reflecting social, economic and environmental problems. The objective of this study is to make a diagnosis of the socio-environmental indicators in the JRB and correlate them with the main waterborne diseases related to the lack of basic sanitation. The study involved a literature review and a survey of secondary data. Regarding the water quality of the JRB, it was found to vary between Polluted and Very Polluted during the monitored period. With regard to environmental impacts, deforestation, waste dumping and irregular occupation of riverbanks were observed, causing problems for the fauna, flora and the population. In relation to the basic sanitation indicator in the municipality of Jaboatão dos Guararapes, among the obstacles raised was the fact that the municipality does not have a Municipal Policy on Basic Sanitation and the Jaboatão dos Guararapes Municipal Administration does not have a Municipal Basic Sanitation Plan; There is a scarcity of systematized information that supports the process of measuring environmental health; between urban and rural areas there are disparities in access to sanitation services, requiring the adoption of public policies to expand sanitation services in order to assist these populations and thus promote the universalization of sanitation access. The deficiency in basic sanitation in the municipality of Jaboatão dos Guararapes hinders local sustainable development, causing social, economic and environmental impacts. Regarding the number of hospital admissions caused by diseases related to inadequate environmental sanitation (DRIES) in the municipalities that are part of the JRB, Recife stood out with 13,191 hospitalizations in the study period, and in 2010 had the highest number of hospitalizations (2,204). With regard to the number of deaths caused by DRIES, Recife also stood out with 4,208 deaths during the study period.
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Solovyeva, A. V., L. A. Chegus, V. G. Solovev, K. S. Yermolenko, and O. A. Kuznetsova. "Status of biocenosis of vagina in pregnant women living in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 5 (April 20, 2022): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2022-16-5-61-68.
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Introduction. The intensive development of the mining industry led to a rapid growth in the population, large-scale migration processes to cities, the construction of numerous industrial facilities, which was accompanied by changes in the ecological, socioeconomic and cultural foundations of the local indigenous population (Khanty and Mansi) caused by the disruption of the usual rhythm of life that exists here. over the centuriesAim. The study of mass and growth parameters, the state of the biocenosis of the vagina and gastrointestinal tract in pregnant women living in the village and in the city in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra and correction of violations with metronidazole and miconazole.Materials and methods. A prospective analysis of complaints, anamnestic, anthropometric, as well as an assessment of the state of the biocenosis of the vagina and intestines in patients selected by the method of continuous sampling was carried out. We examined women from among the indigenous small-numbered peoples of the north (indigenous peoples of the North) – the Khanty and Mansi, living in the urban-type settlement. Berezovo, in camps and in the city of Khanty-Mansiysk. The comparison group included women from the migrant population (Russians) living in the city of Khanty-Mansiysk.Results. It was found that the greatest number of violations of the biocenosis of the vagina and intestines was in pregnant women living in the city, both from the indigenous minorities and the migrant population. Half of pregnant women, 50% of women, had normocenosis. Every second had inflammatory changes – nonspecific vaginitis occurred in 9.1%, vulvovaginal candidiasis in 13.6% and mixed pathogenic flora (bacterial vaginosis and vulvovaginal candidiasis) were in 31.8% of women. Monitoring of the state of the vaginal biocenosis was carried out after 4–5 weeks and at the end of the postpartum period (40–44 days), normobiocenosis was determined. Relapses both before and after childbirth within 42 days were not observed in this contingent.Conclusion. The use of metronidazole and miconazole intravaginally is an effective trea for bacterial vaginosis in combination with vulvovaginal candidiasis with rapid relief of symptoms and no side effects.
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Nesci, Catherine. "Flora Tristan’s Urban Odyssey." Journal of Urban History 27, no. 6 (September 2001): 709–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009614420102700602.
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Bugaev, Roman, Mikhail Piskunov, and Timofey Rakov. "Footpaths of the Late-Soviet Environmental Turn: The “Forest City” of Novosibirsk’s Akademgorodok as a Sociotechnical Imaginary." Soviet and Post-Soviet Review 48, no. 3 (November 12, 2021): 289–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/18763324-bja10043.
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Abstract The founding of Akademgorodok near Novosibirsk in the late 1950s features prominently in the historiography of the Thaw and the general turn of Soviet science to the eastern parts of the country. This article puts this story into the context of the formation of modern “green” ideas in the late Soviet Union and reconsiders the relationship between humans and nature, along with the definition of nature itself. Akademgorodok produced a telling visual perspective: the architectural plan for the city dictated that its scientific, industrial, and living zones were drowned deep in the taiga. Architects named this type of urban planning “diffusive,” and memoirists described it as a “Forest City.” Using the term of Sheila Jasanoff, we designate this “Forest City” as a sociotechnical imaginary of Akademgorodok. Our aim is to study the historical roots of the “Forest City” and how it became a collective imaginary. How did it happen that in the 1950s and 1960s, when the “faces” of Soviet cities were defined by districts of standard panel houses, that a city was built near Novosibirsk in which so much attention was given to pre-human flora, fauna, and landscapes? What ideas and intellectual contexts composed the concept of Akademgorodok as a “Forest City”? Our answer possesses two dimensions. First, the rejection of the use of decorative elements in housing construction in the post-Stalin epoch stimulated architects to pay more attention to the greening of cities. They revived the concept of a “garden city” proposed by Ebenezer Howard on a new level. Second, the evolution of the ideas of Mikhail Lavrentyev, the founder of Akademgorodok, who upon arrival in Siberia applied the productivist program manifested in the slogan “Siberia is a treasure of resources,” but later changed his opinion to more “green” views under the influence of the so-called “Baikal Discussion.” The viewpoints of Lavrentyev influenced the design of this “center” of Siberian science, and then he formulated the idea of a “Forest City.” These contexts enable the utopian horizons and the search for models of a constructed future that were typical of the Thaw era to reflect upon the important challenges of the contemporary Anthropocene.
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Doronin, Dmitriy Yu. "SOVIET ICONS OF THE NIZHNY NOVGOROD SOUTHWEST REGION. GENESIS AND LOCAL TRADITIONS." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. "Literary Theory. Linguistics. Cultural Studies" Series, no. 4 (2022): 70–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2686-7249-2022-4-70-93.
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The paper deals with the genesis and local traditions of handmade icons of the Soviet era in the Southwest of the Nizhny Novgorod region. It is based on the material from the expeditions carried in 2021. The Kulebak-Gremyachevsky tradition is characterized by Soviet icons decorated with silver foil with an abundance of small elements: foil and paper flowers, clusters of paraffin berries. Those are typical features of the so-called ‘rustic’ style. The main technique of applying an ornament to foil (honeycomb-shaped, finely-rounded, vegetable) is an imprint on a metal matrix base. The Arzamas tradition is characterized by a strict, laconic ‘urban’ style: there are no flowers and berries, the ornament on silver foil was minted. In another type of ‘urban’ icon, foil was not used; instead the masters made a wooden frame and covered it with bronze (‘golden’) paint. For Diveevskaya and Tashino-Ponetaevskaya traditions, a brighter design is characteristic: the frames and small elements were made of foil of different colors, and geometric and floral ornaments were drawn with a stylus. Frequently recurring images are grapes and multipath ‘stars’ resembling large elements of Mordovian embroidery. The Ardatov tradition was a contact zone of the western, northern and eastern styles of the Soviet icon. The author traces the revealed visual and technical features in the descriptions of the pre-revolutionary (before 1917) Russian craft of creating the foil (folezhnye, podfolezhki) icons and the cheap (raskhozhaya) icons made by icon masters in the Vyaznikovsky district of the Vladimir province (villages Mstyora, Kholuy, Palekh) in the 19th century – early 20th centuries.
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Dogadina, M. A., and N. I. Botuz. "Rational nature management of urban flora in urban floristry." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 315 (August 23, 2019): 052072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/315/5/052072.
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Gilbert, O. L. "The Lichen Flora of Urban Wasteland." Lichenologist 22, no. 1 (January 1990): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282990000056.
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AbstractThe lichen colonization of recently created urban wasteland is described by referenceto 40 sites in England, Scotland and Wales. The 100 species encountered form a series of overlapping communities in which successional relationships over the first 16 years have been investigated. Floristic variation within towns tends to be greater than variation between them. Ona national scale climatological, geological and historical factors appear to play only a small part in determining the composition of this pioneering flora. Many species can be accommodated within the strategy group stress-tolerant ruderals; a few possess the character of ruderals. The heyday of this component of the urban flora may be drawing to a close. Acarospora heppii f. luteopruinosa, Lecidea polycarpella and Micarea excipulata are reported as new to Britain.
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Francis, R. A., and S. P. G. Hoggart. "THE FLORA OF URBAN RIVER WALLSCAPES." River Research and Applications 28, no. 8 (March 21, 2011): 1200–1216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1497.
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Tretyakova, Alyona S., Olga G. Baranova, Stepan A. Senator, Nikolay N. Panasenko, Aleksey V. Sutkin, and Magomed Kh Alikhadzhiyev. "Studies of urban flora in Russia: current state and prospects." Turczaninowia 24, no. 1 (March 28, 2021): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/turczaninowia.24.1.15.
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An overview of Russian literature sources of urban flora studies. The authors analyze the history of urban floral research in Russia and provide definitions of terms – urban flora, native, indigenous, apophytic, alien, synanthropic species. The overview provides a description of methods and approaches used in different studies of urban flora. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the biological diversity of native and alien plants and the features of their spatial distribution in urban habitats. The authors raise problems of protection of biodiversity in cities and show the role of urban protected natural areas. The conclusion of the work outlines the prospects for further study of urban flora. The authors highlight an importance and necessity of creation of a unified database of vascular plants in the urbanized territories of Russia. Further usage of the database will allow to conduct a comparative analysis of the species composition of urban flora and to identify the degree of their homogenization and originality.
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Zvyagintseva, K. A. "Invasive species in the Kharkiv urban flora." Ukrainian Botanical Journal 70, no. 4 (August 30, 2013): 508–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj70.04.508.
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Zvyagintseva, K. A. "Systematic structure of the Kharkiv urban flora." Ukrainian Botanical Journal 71, no. 4 (August 30, 2014): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj71.04.455.
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Zvyagintseva, K. A. "Geographical structure of the Kharkiv urban flora." Ukrainian Botanical Journal 71, no. 6 (December 30, 2014): 696–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj71.06.696.
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Oliveira, Caroline Mari, and Aumeri Carlos Bampi. "UNEMAT - Dossiê: Diálogo de saberes para uma racionalidade socioambiental no território centro-norte mato-grossense: possibilidade via educação ambiental?" Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais 9, no. 1 (May 22, 2018): 164–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2018.001.0012.
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A crise socioambiental configurou-se mundialmente em meados do século XX devido à consolidação da sociedade urbano-industrial e dos avanços da ciência moderna, pautada pela racionalidade técnico-científica instrumentalizada aplicada para atender o modelo antropocêntrico de dominação da natureza para expansão capitalista. Essa crise global manifesta-se localmente no território centro-norte no estado de Mato Grosso a partir da expansão do capitalismo, a qual tomou forma, em especial na década de 1970, por meio das políticas desenvolvimentistas de integração nacional à Amazônia. A ocupação do espaço – por meio da colonização público-privada que atraiu o interesse de grandes grupos nacionais e internacionais –modificou a dinâmica territorial, movimentação de fauna e flora e também das populações seja das preexistentes no território, seja das populações migrantes em suas diferentes situações. Tal processo ocorreu de modo rápido e intenso, gerando desequilíbrios socioambientais na terra, na água, no ar, na biodiversidade e nas culturas preexistentes no território devido à inserção da Amazônia Legal – como região funcional – no contexto do capitalismo globalmente estruturado, perpetuando localmente os efeitos da crise socioambiental global. Dessa forma, o artigo em questão objetiva compreender como a Educação Ambiental no encontro com o diálogo de saberes e culturas pode produzir uma racionalidade socioambiental na região centro-norte mato-grossense. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica, o estudo revelou que, embora exista uma fragilidade das práticas de Educação Ambiental e/ou adoção de atividades pontuais e não contextualizadas – o que não explicita as relações mercantilizadoras e insustentáveis existentes no modelo de sociedade vigente – quando trabalhado de forma crítica e dialógica, tal modelo promove a compreensão ampliada das relações complexas entre sociedade e natureza. Ademais, a Educação Ambiental no encontro com o diálogo de saberes científicos com os saberes culturalmente construídos por populações tradicionais (indígenas e não indígenas), os quais coevoluem com a natureza, possibilita a construção da racionalidade socioambiental que subsidia uma compreensão que aproxima as ciências da vida, da natureza e da sociedade e é pautada em princípios éticos, democráticos, justos e ecologicamente sustentáveis.
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Proença Cunha, P., and A. A. Martins. "Património geológico e geomorfológico da área de Vila Velha de Ródão." Estudos do Quaternário / Quaternary Studies, no. 3 (December 21, 2000): 91–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.30893/eq.v0i3.36.
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Apresentam-se as principais características geológicas e geomorfológicas da área de Vila Velha de Ródão (Portugal centro-oriental). Consideramos que nesta área relativamente pequena existe um património natural muito diversificado e rico, nomeadamente em valores geológicos, geomorfológicos e ecológicos.
Alguns salientam-se pela sua importância científica, outros principalmente pelo potencial didáctico, e ainda outros por determinarem aspectos estéticos da paisagem e de fruição do ambiente natural envolvente.
O registo geológico permite reconstituir a evolução geológica desde, pelo menos, há cerca de 650 milhões de anos. O registo sedimentar e geomorfológico desta área documenta bem a transição da etapa de enchimento sedimentar durante o Terciário para o progressivo encaixe fluvial no Quaternário que,
localmente (Portas de Ródão), atingiu 260 m de incisão. Podem-se identificar vários episódios morfodinâmicos e interpretar o respectivo controlo tectónico, eustático e climático. Na área existem jazidas arqueológicas localizadas em vários depósitos sedimentares do Plistocénico (coluviões e terraços), duas delas com datações radiométricas; as estações forneceram significativas evidências e interpretações acerca do Paleolítico inferior, médio e superior no vale do Tejo. Os aspectos geomorfológicos são os de mais generalizada ocorrência e de aspecto imponente, constituindo em conjunto com as características de fauna e flora um elemento principal da paisagem natural; o relevo mostra extensas superfícies de aplanação, imponentes escarpas de falha e vales fluviais encaixados. Este estudo visa contribuir para uma adequada identificação e conveniente estudo de sítios com interesse geológico/geomorfológico, mas também pretende promover a divulgação deste património de modo a que possa ser usufruído por um público cada vez mais amplo, através de actividades de Educação Ambiental (ex. visitas guiadas para alunos) e Turismo de Natureza (com a marcação e manutenção de percursos, organização de excursões, elaboração de roteiros, etc.). É necessário promover a reabilitação e valorização de alguns locais, assim como assegurar a sua protecção, evitando a destruição patrimonial e a ocupação urbana/industrial de áreas relevantes.
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Parikh, Amit, Vishal Shah, and Datta Madamwar. "Cyanobacterial Flora from Polluted Industrial Effluents." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 116, no. 1-3 (May 2006): 91–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-006-7229-x.
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Maltseva, Svitlana, and Anatolii Solonenko. "The urban flora of Primorsk (Zaporizhia region, Ukraine)." Chornomorski Botanical Journal 11, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14255/2308-9628/15.114/3.
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Gianniantonio, Domina, Di Gristina Emilio, Scafidi Filippo, Calvo Roberta, Venturella Giuseppe, and Gargano M. Letizia. "The urban vascular flora of Palermo (Sicily, Italy)." Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 154, no. 5 (September 18, 2019): 627–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2019.1651787.
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Vasilieva, T. N., LV Galaktionova, E. Z. Baisheva, and S. V. Lebedev. "Phytoremediation potential of woody flora in urban areas." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 579 (November 5, 2020): 012116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/579/1/012116.
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Skrzyczyńska, Janina, and Jolanta Marcinik. "Similarities and differences between segetal flora of Siedlce and arable lands of the Siedlce Upland." Acta Agrobotanica 55, no. 2 (2013): 141–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2002.052.
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Attempt of comparative analysis of the segetal flora of Siedlce City with similar flora of areas of arable lands of the Siedlce Upland is presented in the paper. Received results show the larger value for urban flora of apophitysm coefficient - 63,3% (61% for Upland), flora modernization - 0,52 (0,42 for Upland) and flora lability - 19 (15 for Upland). On the other hand segetal flora of the Siedlce Upland is characterised by larger synanthropization coefficient - 104 (93 for the city). As to other differences, considerable larger participation of perennial species in the flora of the city (45,5% Siedlce; 37,1% Upland) is noteworthy. Moreover the occurrence of juvenile forms of arborescent species and plants running wild from gardens and parks, e.g.: <i>Mathiola incana, Aesculus hippocastanus, Sedum reflexum, Nigella damascena, Helianthus tuberosus</i> among species weeding urban cultivation is clearly noticeable.
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Tretyakova, Alyona Sergeevna. "Characteristics of taxonomic structure of flora in the Middle Urals urban areas (Sverdlovsk Region)." Samara Journal of Science 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 66–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv20161114.
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Research in urban floras is a major field of botanical science. By now, flora of many Russian cities has been studied. At the same time the Urals flora of urbanized areas has not practically been the subject of special investigation. This paper is the first to provide a detailed description of the features of the taxonomic structure of the flora of urbanized areas of the Middle Urals within the Sverdlovsk region and to compare it with the parameters of the regional flora of the Sverdlovsk region. Urban floras of 3 cities in the southern part of the Sverdlovsk region have been studied - Yekaterinburg, Krasnoufimsk and Kamensk-Ural, which form a latitudinal catena, covering the Urals region, the mountainous part of the Middle Urals and Trans-Urals. It is shown that the flora of the urbanized areas is characterized by a high level of species richness which increases relative to the area of the city. The taxonomic structure of urban floras, compared with the regional flora, is characterized by a reduced participation of spore plants, due to the extremely poor representation of lycopsids. In the flowering plants the proportion of monocots is reduced and, on the contrary, the proportion of bipartite species is increased. The composition of the leading families of urban floras is typical of the boreal floras of the Holarctic floral kingdom, it is distinguished by the lower rank of the Cyperaceae family and by the rise of the Fabaceae family. Generic spectrum of urban floras is marked by the greater participation of thermophilic genera Atriplex and Chenopodium and very limited representation of boreal genera Hieracium and Taraxacum. Species richness of families and genera in urban floras is markedly lower than in regional boreal flora.