Journal articles: 'Urban Air Mobility (UAM)'

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CİZRELİOĞULLARI, Mehmet Necati, Pınar BARUT, and Tapdig IMANOV. "FUTURE AIR TRANSPORTATION RAMIFICATION: URBAN AIR MOBILITY (UAM) CONCEPT: URBAN AIR MOBILITY." PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 6, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v6i2.335.

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Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is a new concept offered for solving urban transportation system problems, contributing to reducing traffic congestion, atmospheric pollution and mobility around metropolitan areas which is progressively an evolved aviation market. Facing the evolved dynamics in the airspace and on the ground, developed new technologies are able to withstand against destroy transportation infrastructures of the big cities, making it necessary to develop UAM services in the megapolises and regional transportation sector. Based on new technologies and modern business approaches, applying the next generation aviation infrastructure makes it capable of setting up a novel air traffic within the urban environment. This case study aims to explore the urban air transport advantages, particularly adoption of UAM, which might be an alternative next generation air transportation system. Referring to the collected operational data and design performances of the UAM, in this paper, we will try to describe a multi approach studying differences between traditional aviation transportation and UAM operation. The first step of the study consists of defining an airspace classification for UAM mission and use of applicable requirements for air navigation service providers and second part of the study describes performing UAM infrastructure and design of vertiports necessary for vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) vehicles. Detailed design specification is not included in this study but limited characteristics are indicated according to the VTOL manufacturer that are obtained from the test results. As far as VTOL vehicles have not started their mission yet, the UAM operators are at the stage of development to set up their future operation. The expected trend provides justifiable assumptions of the necessity of establishing the new transportation ramification within the aviation industry, upon transforming existing business activities and regulations.

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Koumoutsidi, Annitsa, Ioanna Pagoni, and Amalia Polydoropoulou. "A New Mobility Era: Stakeholders’ Insights regarding Urban Air Mobility." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (March 7, 2022): 3128. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14053128.

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Urban Air Mobility (UAM) constitutes a future aerial mobility alternative, which concerns the use of electric and autonomous aerial vehicles for transporting people throughout a planned network of vertiports. To materialize UAM, several actors of the air and urban transport ecosystem play a vital role. This paper describes the insights gathered from 32 key stakeholders around the world to present and frame the key aspects for the future implementation of UAM. The participants include representatives from the UAM industry such as airports, airlines, aviation consulting companies, academia, and authorities. The data collection encompasses various key research areas, covering topics such as UAM strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and risks, requirements for implementation, concept integration in the existing transport system, specific use cases, business models, and end-user segments. The research aims at setting up the stakeholder scene and expanding the current literature for UAM by engaging key decision makers and experts towards shaping the new mobility era. The results demonstrate that ensuring certification standards for UAM fleets and updating the current legal and regulatory framework are the main prerequisites for UAM’s realization. In addition, the usage of UAM for transporting cargo or for air ambulance services are the most mature business models for the coming decade.

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Scheff, Scott, Ferne Friedman-Berg, Jay Shively, and Andrew Carter. "Human Factors Challenges in Urban Air Mobility." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641044.

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For several generations there has been the vision of the flying car, a way to leave the road behind and fly through the skies from one point to another above the urban landscape. Finally, we appear to be on the cusp of true urban air mobility (UAM). Companies such as Uber Elevate, Amazon Delivery Drones, Hyundai Motor Company, and KittyHawk are looking to change the way we transport not just ourselves, but packages too. With this UAM capability however, comes multiple challenges for the human factors practitioner. Topics covered in this panel discussion will include the various challenges associated with safely operating UAM platforms in the airspace, requirement considerations, workload factors, and machine vs. human automation needs. This diverse panel includes renowned UAM and unmanned systems experts representing Government and Industry.

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Kim, JungHoon. "Urban Air Mobility Noise: Further Considerations on Indoor Space." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 18 (September 8, 2022): 11298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811298.

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Various countries are preparing for the introduction of urban air mobility (UAM) vehicles, which move freely within the space above a city, as a new means of urban transportation. However, UAM vehicles present new forms of challenges to many urban residents. This study aims to propose newly sensory standards for the noise levels of UAM vehicles in urban indoor spaces based on two fundamental questions: (1) Would UAM vehicles not have a lower and wider impact on city residents than a commercial aircraft? (2) Should the flight of UAM vehicles not consider the sensory noise, like the conventional noise standard? UAM vehicles, unlike commercial aircrafts, will cause noise pollution in a broad area of the city. Therefore, expanded aircraft noise standards will be required. In addition, the hybridized noise generated by conventional vehicles in the ground and UAM vehicles in the air will affect urban residents. Furthermore, urban residents will be exposed to sensory noise from UAM vehicles, which fly directly above them but not within their line of sight. Therefore, the noise standards for UAM vehicles should include the sensory properties in addition to the physical properties in the existing noise standards.

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Qu, Wenqiu, Chenchen Xu, Xiang Tan, Anqi Tang, Hongbo He, and Xiaohan Liao. "Preliminary Concept of Urban Air Mobility Traffic Rules." Drones 7, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones7010054.

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Driven by recent technological breakthroughs, the electric vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft has gained considerable attention. The widespread demand for eVTOL aircraft can be attributed to their potential use in the commercialisation of urban air mobility (UAM) in low-altitude urban airspaces. However, the urban low-altitude airspace environment is complex. UAM has a high traffic density and the eVTOL aircraft specifications are not uniform. Particularly in commercial scenarios, controlling eVTOL aircraft and ensuring safety in UAMs are the two major problems that should be addressed in future studies. The design of reasonable traffic rules is a potential solution; hence, we organised a UAM traffic rule system and proposed several alternative UAM traffic rules from three perspectives: a single eVTOL aircraft, a certain route, and key control areas. In addition, we validated these traffic rules using multi-rotor and fixed-wing eVTOL aircraft. The results show that designing reasonable traffic rules can facilitate attaining the primary objectives of commercialisation of UAM.

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Rautray, P., D. J. Mathew, B. Eisenbart, and J. Kuys. "Understanding Working Scenarios of Urban Air Mobility." Proceedings of the Design Society 2 (May 2022): 563–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pds.2022.58.

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AbstractUrban Air Mobility (UAM) can provide new air mobility faster and avoid city traffic with the growth of new technologies. But they need to be co-developed with the city infrastructure. Thus, understanding the working scenarios of UAM and how they will interact with the city and the other modes of transport systems is vital. Storyboarding helps policymakers, city planners, designers, and investors better understand the product's contextual interaction over time. This process allows the design team to be implicit or express a design that is easy to understand, reflect upon, or modify.

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Vascik, Parker D., and R. John Hansman. "Evaluating the Interoperability of Urban Air Mobility Systems and Airports." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2675, no. 6 (February 9, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198121991501.

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This paper investigates how existing arrival and departure procedures can be directly used or adapted to enable high-volume instrument and visual urban air mobility (UAM) flight operations at major airports in the United States. Viable procedures are restricted to those that enable simultaneous and non-interfering UAM flights with conventional aircraft operations. Air traffic controller workload is proposed as the critical integration barrier to scale UAM operations in visual conditions whereas separation minima, especially for approach procedures, is proposed as the critical barrier in instrument conditions. A systems approach is taken to evaluate potential integration strategies for UAM in which the location of UAM runways or vertipads and flight procedures are presented in a topological framework. The benefits, challenges, and notional application of five integration schemes are discussed. Four promising procedures for UAM are introduced through case studies at three airports. Findings indicate that multiple procedures exist to support high-volume UAM integration at major airports under current regulations with additional controller staffing, especially if UAM aircraft exhibit helicopter-like performance.

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Eißfeldt, Hinnerk. "Sustainable Urban Air Mobility Supported with Participatory Noise Sensing." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 19, 2020): 3320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083320.

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In about 15 years, there is likely to be urban air mobility (UAM) in larger cities across the globe. Air taxis will provide on-demand transportation for individual needs. They will also connect important transportation nodes, such as airports and city centers, as well as providing quick transfers between train stations or a convenient option for crossing rivers and lakes. It is hoped that UAM will help meet today’s political targets of sustainability and decarbonization. However, there are certain threats that could impede the sustainable and thus successful introduction of UAM to our cities, with noise being a prominent limitation. This paper argues that citizens have to be viewed as stakeholders in urban air transportation, regardless of whether they or not intend to use it, and that a concept of resident participatory noise sensing (PNS) will be beneficial to the implementation of UAM. Web-based services and smartphones facilitate the access and updating of current information about local noise distributions, thus enabling them to be used to foster UAM in smart cities.

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Park, Chae-Won, Yong-Ku Kong, Kyeong-Hee Choi, Min-Uk Cho, Seoung-Yeon Kim, Ki-Seok Sung, Kye-Yoon Kim, and Min-Jung Kim. "Optimal Dimensional Guidelines for Urban Air Mobility (UAM) Internal Space Design." Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea 40, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 123–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5143/jesk.2021.40.2.123.

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Li, Jinhua, Yun Zheng, Menachem Rafaelof, Hok K. Ng, and Stephen A. Rizzi. "AIRNOISEUAM: An Urban Air Mobility Noise-Exposure Prediction Tool." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 6 (August 1, 2021): 474–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-1488.

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A new software tool called AIRNOISEUAM is introduced that models the noise exposure of Urban Air Mobility (UAM) operations. Given relevant UAM aircraft performance models, mission profiles, and Noise-Power-Distance data, AIRNOISEUAM predicts the noise exposure footprint for receptors on the ground. The performance of AIRNOISEUAM using a Robinson R66 helicopter model and a six-passenger quadrotor model, and a diverse set of scenarios from NASA’s UAM human-in-the-loop simulations is compared to that of the industry-standard tool with the same inputs. The predicted noise exposure results from both tools are found to be nearly identical. AIRNOISEUAM offers a fast-time, flexible interface and modular design to facilitate the dynamic requirements of the aviation research community.

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Rizzi, Stephen A., and Donald S. Scata, Jr. "Urban air mobility community noise test planning." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 152, no. 4 (October 2022): A84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0015626.

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The term “advanced air mobility” has been adopted by NASA to describe safe, sustainable, affordable, and accessible aviation for transformational local and intraregional missions. By this definition, advanced air mobility includes both “rural” and “urban” applications including cargo and passenger transport missions, and other aerial missions (e.g., infrastructure inspection). There will be a range of aircraft types performing such missions, including small and medium unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), electric conventional takeoff and landing (eCTOL) aircraft, and electric vertical takeoff and landing (eVTOL) aircraft. Urban air mobility (UAM) is a challenging use case for transporting cargo and passengers in an urban environment and is a new opportunity for aviation that could revolutionize the transportation system. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Noise Division of the Federal Aviation Administration Office of Environment and Energy have initiated discussions for planning UAM community noise test(s) at the end of this decade. This presentation discusses the test goals, candidate test objectives, and some of the activities needed in preparation for the test(s). It also draws distinctions between the type of study envisioned (observational versus staged) and between it and recent and planned studies on large fixed-wing transports and commercial supersonic transports.

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Song, Kyowon. "Optimal Vertiport Airspace and Approach Control Strategy for Urban Air Mobility (UAM)." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 27, 2022): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010437.

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Recently, urban air mobility (UAM), a new transportation system that can expand urban mobility from 2D to 3D, has been in the spotlight all over the world. For successful implementation of UAM, not only eVTOL aircraft development but also various systems such as UAM traffic management are required; however, research on these areas is still insufficient. Based on the BQA model, in this study, we introduce the balanced branch queuing approach (BBQA) model as a new approach control model that can improve operational efficiency by enabling the landing order to be changed more easily. Through simulation, its effectiveness was verified. The proposed BBQA achieved the identical airspace safety as the BQA model, in addition to showing a superior result to the SBA model in on-time performance (OTP). The vertiport airspace blueprint concept and approach control model proposed in this study are expected to play an important role in future studies in the area of air traffic management in UAM.

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Johnson, W., and C. Silva. "NASA concept vehicles and the engineering of advanced air mobility aircraft." Aeronautical Journal 126, no. 1295 (October 13, 2021): 59–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2021.92.

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AbstractNASA is conducting investigations in Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) aircraft and operations. AAM missions are characterised by ranges below 300 nm, including rural and urban operations, passenger carrying as well as cargo delivery. Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is a subset of AAM and is the segment that is projected to have the most economic benefit and be the most difficult to develop. The NASA Revolutionary Vertical Lift Technology project is developing UAM VTOL aircraft designs that can be used to focus and guide research activities in support of aircraft development for emerging aviation markets. These NASA concept vehicles encompass relevant UAM features and technologies, including propulsion architectures, highly efficient yet quiet rotors, and aircraft aerodynamic performance and interactions. The configurations adopted are generic, intentionally different in appearance and design detail from prominent industry arrangements. Already these UAM concept aircraft have been used in numerous engineering investigations, including work on meeting safety requirements, achieving good handling qualities, and reducing noise below helicopter certification levels. Focusing on the concept vehicles, observations are made regarding the engineering of Advanced Air Mobility aircraft.

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Chancey, Eric T., and Michael S. Politowicz. "Public Trust and Acceptance for Concepts of Remotely Operated Urban Air Mobility Transportation." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 1044–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641251.

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There is building interest within industry and government to enable Urban Air Mobility (i.e., air-taxies). One concept envisions remotely piloted aircraft, yet it is unclear how this will impact public trust and acceptance. Method: Two hundred participants read vignettes describing remotely-piloted UAM operations and then responded to a series of questionnaires. The study employed a one-way between-subjects design manipulating five levels of Pilot-in-Command Distance: Onboard Pilot; Remote Control Pilot; Dedicated Remote Operator; Remote Operator; System Manager. Results: The Remote Control Pilot group indicated they would be less likely than the Onboard Pilot group to use UAM, based on the mediating effect of trust in the automation. The Remote Control Pilot and Remote Operator groups indicated they would be less likely to use UAM than the Onboard Pilot group, based on the mediating effect of trust in the remote pilot/operator. Conclusion: Trust in UAM automation and remote pilots/operators will likely affect public acceptance of UAM.

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CHOI, Jong Hae, Yonghwa PARK, and In Soo JEON. "A Study on the Cost of Fare for UAM (Urban Air Mobility) Airport Shuttle Service." Journal of Korean Society of Transportation 39, no. 5 (October 31, 2021): 593–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.7470/jkst.2021.39.5.593.

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Vempati, Lakshmi, Sabrina Woods, and Scott R. Winter. "Pilots’ willingness to operate in urban air mobility integrated airspace: a moderated mediation analysis." Drone Systems and Applications 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/juvs-2021-0009.

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Interest in advanced air mobility (AAM) and urban air mobility (UAM) operations for on-demand passenger and cargo transport continues to grow. There is ongoing research on market demand and forecast, community acceptance, privacy, and security. There is also ongoing research by National Aeronautics and Space Administration , Federal Aviation Administration, academia, and industry on airspace integration, regulatory, process, and procedural challenges. Safe integration of UAM and AAM will also require different stakeholder perspectives such as air traffic controllers, manned aircraft pilots, remote pilots, UAM operators, and the community. This research aimed to assess the willingness of manned aircraft pilots to operate in UAM integrated airspace based on airspace complexity and UAM automation level. In addition, a moderated mediation analysis was conducted using trust and perceived risk as mediators and operator type as a moderating variable. The results indicated that automation level influenced pilots’ willingness to operate an aircraft in integrated airspace. A moderating effect of operation type on automation level and willingness to pilot an aircraft was also observed: professional pilots were more amenable to UAM operations with a pilot on board compared with remotely piloted operations. Results from the study are expected to inform airspace integration challenges, processes, and procedures for UAM integrated operations.

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Niklaß, Malte, Niclas Dzikus, Majed Swaid, Jan Berling, Benjamin Lührs, Alexander Lau, Ivan Terekhov, and Volker Gollnick. "A Collaborative Approach for an Integrated Modeling of Urban Air Transportation Systems." Aerospace 7, no. 5 (April 28, 2020): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace7050050.

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The current push in automation, communication, and electrical energy storage technologies has the potential to lift urban mobility into the sky. As several urban air mobility (UAM) concepts are conceivable, all relevant physical effects as well as mutual interrelations of the UAM system have to be addressed and evaluated at a sufficient level of fidelity before implementation. Therefore, a collaborative system of systems modeling approach for UAM is presented. To quickly identify physical effects and cross-disciplinary influences of UAM, a pool of low-fidelity physical analysis components is developed and integrated into the Remote Component Environment (RCE) workflow engine. This includes, i. a., the disciplines of demand forecast, trajectory, vertiport, and cost modeling as well as air traffic flow and capacity management. The definition and clarification of technical interfaces require intensive cooperation between specialists with different areas of expertise. To reduce this communication effort, the Common Parametric Aircraft Configuration Schema (CPACS) is adapted and used as central data exchange format. The UAM system module is initially applied for a 24-hour simulation of three generic networks in Hamburg City. After understanding the basic system-level behavior, higher level analysis components and feedback loops must be integrated in the UAM system module for evaluation and optimization of explicit operating concepts.

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Fu, Mengying, Raoul Rothfeld, and Constantinos Antoniou. "Exploring Preferences for Transportation Modes in an Urban Air Mobility Environment: Munich Case Study." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 10 (May 21, 2019): 427–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198119843858.

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Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is a recent mobility concept with the potential to reduce travel time and change travel patterns. When evaluating the introduction of UAM, understanding the potential users’ choice behavior regarding current available urban transportation modes and autonomous transportation services is essential to demand estimation. This preliminary research intends to gain insight into the travel behavior impacts of autonomous transportation modes, especially UAM, by deriving measures for transportation service attributes and identifying characteristics of potential users who might adopt autonomous transportation services, particularly the services of UAM. Thus, a stated preference questionnaire was designed and distributed in Munich metropolitan region. A main mode choice multinomial logit model and several sub-models, based on market segmentation, were estimated regarding four transportation alternatives: private car, public transportation, autonomous taxi, and autonomous flying taxi. The results indicate that travel time, travel cost, and safety may be critical determinants in autonomous transportation mode adoption. The potential consumers may be willing to pay more for using autonomous transportation modes, especially the service of UAM. Among different market segments, younger individuals, as well as older individuals with high household income, are more likely to adopt UAM. In addition, during the market entry stage, potential travelers may favor UAM particularly for performing non-commuting trips.

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(Kevin) Li, Sicheng, and Seongkyu Lee. "Prediction of Urban Air Mobility Multirotor VTOL Broadband Noise Using UCD-QuietFly." Journal of the American Helicopter Society 66, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/jahs.66.032004.

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This paper investigates broadband noise of multirotor urban air mobility (UAM) vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) vehicles. Based on an earlier single-rotor trailing-edge noise prediction method, a multirotor broadband noise prediction program is developed, where the multirotor coordinate transformation is included, and the amplitude modulation capability is introduced. Thereafter, the program is used to predict broadband noise from three UAM VTOL conceptual designs and a vertiport conceptual design. It is found that UAM VTOL vehicles' broadband noise is important in the high-frequency range, where the community background noise level is typically low. For the same mission specifications, broadband noise is found to be higher for VTOL designs with more rotors. UAM vehicle noise is compared to conventional helicopter noise. It is found that the amplitude modulation of broadband noise of a single rotor is insignificant when the observer distance is larger than four rotor radii. Multirotor vehicles at the same rotational speeds have weaker amplitude modulations than a single rotor, which demonstrates the benefits of using multiple rotors in terms of noise annoyance. Finally, noise contours from a vertiport design show an increase in the broadband noise level when multiple VTOL vehicles are operated simultaneously.

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Ryu, ChangHan, SeongKi Kim, and SungRyong Do. "A Study on Finding Partners through Patent Network Analysis of UAM (Urban Air Mobility)." Applied Sciences 12, no. 21 (October 22, 2022): 10705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122110705.

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This paper presents an open innovation strategy by identifying the patent impact index and cooperation network through patent analysis for leading companies developing technology in the UAM field. Among companies developing UAM technology, patent analysis was conducted on the leading companies with active patent activities, technology classification was used to match companies by parts, and a technical capability index was utilized to identify the companies. When developing UAM technology in the future, this can help companies seek effective partners to improve competitiveness in technology development. To the best of our knowledge, the work done in this paper is unprecedented, as it suggests methods for patent analysis and verifies them by analyzing the UAM patents with the proposed method.

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Park, GeeBeum, HyunJae Park, HyunJoo Park, Nathan Chun, Sang-Hwan Kim, and Kyungwon Lee. "Public Perception of UAM: Are we ready for the new mobility that we have dreamed of?" Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 66, no. 1 (September 2022): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181322661187.

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Urban Air Mobility (UAM) has lately emerged as a time-saving mode of air transportation in congested urban areas. However, several challenges to the commercialization and adoption of UAM vehicles exist, such as licensing and restrictions, security, and construction infrastructure. Besides these, public perception is one of the significant aspects of easing psychological stress and representing users’ needs. A survey study was carried out to understand the public perception of UAM and to comprehend how the public perceives and expects UAM aircraft in terms of user requirement analysis as part of human-centered design. To achieve this, a total of 2,847 valid data sets were analyzed. A preliminary data analysis revealed the general level of awareness of UAM machines, expected costs and values for specific scenarios, perceived advantages of UAM vehicles, and overall opinion, along with distinctions based on demographic information such as age groups, residential areas, and income levels. Future research topics might include in-depth data analysis and subsequent user surveys to discover underlying requirements.

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Bauer, Michael. "Community noise from urban air mobility (UAM) and its control by traffic management." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 6 (August 1, 2021): 187–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-1333.

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The awareness about UAM is amplified by steadily growing numbers of air taxi concepts being announced. In general environmentally friendly by electric propulsion, community noise and en-route noise are still prominent open questions. Several studies for larger UAM aircraft, describing the acoustic characteristics of a variety of potential air taxi concepts, have been performed by the author. Due to the abovementioned multitude of different vehicle concepts and their multiple operational conditions, each of them shows individual sound characteristics. Therefore, further investigations of noise created by air taxi fleets appear to be crucial. Understanding of community noise around vertiports and along air taxi routes will strongly depend on those fleets. In this paper, acoustically different air taxi systems are composing different sets of air taxi fleets, used for air traffic noise simulations. The simulations start with baseline scenarios of equally represented taxi systems on fixed flight paths with several flight levels in a certain air lane. The final fleets are consisting of random air taxi composition with randomly populated flight paths. The results, based on common noise metrics and changes in the number of affected residents, could provide a first indication how to reduce community noise by future UAM traffic management.

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Marzouk, Osama A. "Urban air mobility and flying cars: Overview, examples, prospects, drawbacks, and solutions." Open Engineering 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 662–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2022-0379.

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Abstract Transportation in cities may undergo substantial changes due to two emerging technologies that enable three-dimensional movement of people or cargo. These emerging technologies are urban air mobility (UAM) and flying cars. The present study gives an overview of both technologies, differences and similarities between them, challenges they face, the opportunities they bring, and examples for them with varying stages of readiness from being commercially available to being a concept in development having a small-scale prototype. The models covered here include EHang 216 (UAM aircraft), VoloCity (UAM aircraft), PAL-V Liberty Sport (flying car), and ASKA (flying car). Focusing on air taxis (or flying taxis) in the form of a fleet of piloted or autonomous electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft operated commercially by a corporation that provides mobility as a service, a discussion about the prospects of this nontraditional mode of transportation is provided, with anticipated drawbacks and proposed solutions.

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Li, Xiangyu. "Repurposing Existing Infrastructure for Urban Air Mobility: A Scenario Analysis in Southern California." Drones 7, no. 1 (January 5, 2023): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones7010037.

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The deployment of urban air mobility in built-out metropolitan regions is constrained by infrastructure opportunities, land use, and airspace zoning designations. Meanwhile, the availability and spatial distribution of infrastructure opportunities influence the travel demand that can be potentially captured by UAM services. The purpose of this study is to provide an initial assessment of the infrastructure opportunities of UAM in southern California with different mixes of spatial constraints, such as noise levels, school buffer zones, and airspace zones. The corresponding travel demand that can be potentially captured under each scenario is estimated with a home–workplace trip table. The results of the analyses indicate that supply-side infrastructure opportunities, such as heliports and elevated parking structures, are widely available to accommodate the regional deployment of UAM services. However, current spatial constraints can significantly limit the scope of vertiport location choices. Furthermore, the low-income population, blue-collar workers, and young people live farther away from supply-side opportunities than the general population. Moreover, this study proposes a network of UAM based on the top home-based and workplace-based stations for long-distance trips.

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Xu, Ronghua, Sixiao Wei, Yu Chen, Genshe Chen, and Khanh Pham. "LightMAN: A Lightweight Microchained Fabric for Assurance- and Resilience-Oriented Urban Air Mobility Networks." Drones 6, no. 12 (December 16, 2022): 421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6120421.

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Rapid advancements in the fifth generation (5G) communication technology and mobile edge computing (MEC) paradigm have led to the proliferation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in urban air mobility (UAM) networks, which provide intelligent services for diversified smart city scenarios. Meanwhile, the widely deployed Internet of drones (IoD) in smart cities has also brought up new concerns regarding performance, security, and privacy. The centralized framework adopted by conventional UAM networks is not adequate to handle high mobility and dynamicity. Moreover, it is necessary to ensure device authentication, data integrity, and privacy preservation in UAM networks. Thanks to its characteristics of decentralization, traceability, and unalterability, blockchain is recognized as a promising technology to enhance security and privacy for UAM networks. In this paper, we introduce LightMAN, a lightweight microchained fabric for data assurance and resilience-oriented UAM networks. LightMAN is tailored for small-scale permissioned UAV networks, in which a microchain acts as a lightweight distributed ledger for security guarantees. Thus, participants are enabled to authenticate drones and verify the genuineness of data that are sent to/from drones without relying on a third-party agency. In addition, a hybrid on-chain and off-chain storage strategy is adopted that not only improves performance (e.g., latency and throughput) but also ensures privacy preservation for sensitive information in UAM networks. A proof-of-concept prototype is implemented and tested on a micro-air–vehicle link (MAVLink) simulator. The experimental evaluation validates the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed LightMAN solution.

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Munir, Md Shirajum, Sumit Howlader Dipro, Kamrul Hasan, Tariqul Islam, and Sachin Shetty. "Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Exploratory Cyber-Physical Safety Analyzer Framework for Civilian Urban Air Mobility." Applied Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13020755.

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Urban air mobility (UAM) has become a potential candidate for civilization for serving smart citizens, such as through delivery, surveillance, and air taxis. However, safety concerns have grown since commercial UAM uses a publicly available communication infrastructure that enhances the risk of jamming and spoofing attacks to steal or crash crafts in UAM. To protect commercial UAM from cyberattacks and theft, this work proposes an artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled exploratory cyber-physical safety analyzer framework. The proposed framework devises supervised learning-based AI schemes such as decision tree, random forests, logistic regression, K-nearest neighbors (KNN), and long short-term memory (LSTM) for predicting and detecting cyber jamming and spoofing attacks. Then, the developed framework analyzes the conditional dependencies based on the Pearson’s correlation coefficient among the control messages for finding the cause of potential attacks based on the outcome of the AI algorithm. This work considers the UAM attitude control scenario for determining jam and spoofing attacks as a use case to validate the proposed framework with a state-of-the-art UAV attack dataset. The experiment results show the efficacy of the proposed framework in terms of around 99.9% accuracy for jamming and spoofing detection with a decision tree, random forests, and KNN while efficiently finding the root cause of the attack.

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Schweiger, Karolin, and Lukas Preis. "Urban Air Mobility: Systematic Review of Scientific Publications and Regulations for Vertiport Design and Operations." Drones 6, no. 7 (July 19, 2022): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6070179.

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Novel electric aircraft designs coupled with intense efforts from academia, government and industry led to a paradigm shift in urban transportation by introducing UAM. While UAM promises to introduce a new mode of transport, it depends on ground infrastructure to operate safely and efficiently in a highly constrained urban environment. Due to its novelty, the research of UAM ground infrastructure is widely scattered. Therefore, this paper selects, categorizes and summarizes existing literature in a systematic fashion and strives to support the harmonization process of contributions made by industry, research and regulatory authorities. Through a document term matrix approach, we identified 49 Scopus-listed scientific publications (2016–2021) addressing the topic of UAM ground infrastructure with respect to airspace operation followed by design, location and network, throughput and capacity, ground operations, cost, safety, regulation, weather and lastly noise and security. Last listed topics from cost onwards appear to be substantially under-represented, but will be influencing current developments and challenges. This manuscript further presents regulatory considerations (Europe, U.S., international) and introduces additional noteworthy scientific publications and industry contributions. Initial uncertainties in naming UAM ground infrastructure seem to be overcome; vertiport is now being predominantly used when speaking about vertical take-off and landing UAM operations.

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Mavraj, Gazmend, Jil Eltgen, Tim Fraske, Majed Swaid, Jan Berling, Ole Röntgen, Yuzhuo Fu, and Detlef Schulz. "A Systematic Review of Ground-Based Infrastructure for the Innovative Urban Air Mobility." Transactions on Aerospace Research 2022, no. 4 (December 1, 2022): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tar-2022-0019.

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Abstract The increasing level of urbanisation and traffic congestion promotes the concept of urban air mobility (UAM), which has become a thriving topic in engineering and neighbouring disciplines. the development of a suitable ground-based infrastructure is necessary to supply these innovative vehicles, which mainly includes networks of take-off and landing sites, facilities for maintenance, energy supply, and navigation and communication capabilities. Further requirements comprise robust business and operating models for emerging service providers and regulatory frameworks, particularly regarding safety, liability and noise emissions. the objective of this study is to provide an overview of the current results and developments in the field of UAM ground-based infrastructure by conducting a systematic literature review (SLr) and to identify the most relevant research gaps in the field. For the systematic literature analysis, our search string contains vertiports and the equivalents, UAM and equivalents, and search phrases for the individual domains. In the final analysis 64 articles were included, finding a strong focus on simulations and vertiport networks, while specific case studies and related aspects like automated MrO and urban planning appear less frequently. therefore, this article provides insights for a more holistic perspective on challenges and necessities of future UAM.

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Lee, Jong-Wook, Hyunjung Choi, and Sungjo Hong. "Factors Influencing the Intention to Use UAM (Urban Air Mobility) and Acceptance of Ground Infrastructure (Vertiport)." Journal of Korea Planning Association 57, no. 4 (August 31, 2022): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17208/jkpa.2022.08.57.4.25.

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Rothfeld, Raoul, Mengying Fu, Miloš Balać, and Constantinos Antoniou. "Potential Urban Air Mobility Travel Time Savings: An Exploratory Analysis of Munich, Paris, and San Francisco." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 2217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042217.

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The advent of electrified, distributed propulsion in vertical take-off and landing (eVTOL) aircraft promises aerial passenger transport within, into, or out of urban areas. Urban air mobility (UAM), i.e., the on-demand concept that utilizes eVTOL aircraft, might substantially reduce travel times when compared to ground-based transportation. Trips of three, pre-existent, and calibrated agent-based transport scenarios (Munich Metropolitan Region, Île-de-France, and San Francisco Bay Area) have been routed using the UAM-extension for the multi-agent transport simulation (MATSim) to calculate congested trip travel times for each trip’s original mode—i.e., car or public transport (PT)—and UAM. The resulting travel times are compared and allow the deduction of potential UAM trip shares under varying UAM properties, such as the number of stations, total process time, and cruise flight speed. Under base-case conditions, the share of motorized trips for which UAM would reduce the travel times ranges between 3% and 13% across the three scenarios. Process times and number of stations heavily influence these potential shares, where the vast majority of UAM trips would be below 50 km in range. Compared to car usage, UAM’s (base case) travel times are estimated to be competitive beyond the range of a 50-minute car ride and are less than half as much influenced by congestion.

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Rizzi, Stephen, and Menachem Rafaelof. "Community noise assessment of urban air mobility vehicle operations using the FAA Aviation Environmental Design Tool." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 6 (August 1, 2021): 450–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-1482.

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In contrast to most commercial air traffic today, vehicles serving the urban air mobility (UAM) market are anticipated to operate in communities close to the public at large. The approved model for assessing environmental impact of air traffic actions in the United States, the Federal Aviation Administration's Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT), does not support analysis of such operations due to a combined lack of a UAM aircraft performance model and aircraft noise data. This paper discusses the initial development of a method to assess the acoustic impact of UAM fleet operations on the community using AEDT and demonstrates its use for representative UAM operations. In particular, methods were developed using fixed-point flight profiles and user-supplied noise data in a manner that avoids unwanted behavior in AEDT. A set of 32 routes in the Dallas-Ft. Worth area were assessed for single and multiple (fleet) operations for two concept vehicles.

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Lee, Youngjae, Junseok Lee, and Jae-Woo Lee. "Holding Area Conceptual Design and Validation for Various Urban Air Mobility (UAM) Operations: A Case Study in Seoul–GyungIn Area." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 10707. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210707.

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As populations become concentrated in cities, traffic congestion increases, and urban air mobility (UAM) is being considered to face this problem. Accordingly, many institutions and companies around the world are developing UAM vehicles, building infrastructure, and researching flight operating systems. In this study, three holding area concepts have been designed that can control air traffic flows and avoid bad weather conditions when UAM vehicles are operating. These holding areas have been considered to allow UAM vehicles to fly by avoiding collisions with other UAM vehicles or structures such as buildings. After validating the turning radius analysis with existing aircraft, a case study on the holding area concept design for the Seoul–GyungIn area was performed to determine whether UAM vehicles can turn within a narrow radius. It was not possible for winged-type UAM vehicles to turn across the Han River at cruise speed. The holding area concepts and the turning procedure of this study can be used as guidelines when designing UAM corridors or UAM flight routes.

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Ju, Hyo-Geun, and Jin-Woo Park. "Analysis of Factors Affecting the Adoption of Urban Air Mobility (UAM)." Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics 29, no. 4 (December 2021): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.12985/ksaa.2021.29.4.096.

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Donateo, Teresa, Alberto Terragno, and Antonio Ficarella. "An optimized fuzzy logic for the energy management of a hybrid electric air-taxi." E3S Web of Conferences 312 (2021): 07004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202131207004.

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The goal of this investigation is to model a hybrid electric air-taxi and minimize its fuel consumption by on-line energy management. Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is considered as a suitable way to reduce traffic congestion and pollution as well as increase mobility in metropolitan areas. Urban air-mobility is an interesting application for electric and hybrid-electric power systems because of limited speed (compared with longer distance commuters) altitudes up to 1000ft and short-range requirements that make possible electrification even with the limited performance of today batteries. However, in case of hybrid electric propulsion systems, the fuel consumption and the environmental impact depends on the energy management. After obtaining reference values of fuel economy over four different missions with the Dynamic programming method, this investigation proposes and optimize a fuzzy logic for the on-line energy management of the hybrid vehicle for UAM in order to minimize fuel consumption and, consequently, local environmental impact.

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Bijjahalli, Suraj, Roberto Sabatini, and Alessandro Gardi. "GNSS Performance Modelling and Augmentation for Urban Air Mobility." Sensors 19, no. 19 (September 27, 2019): 4209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194209.

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One of the primary challenges facing Urban Air Mobility (UAM) and the safe integration of Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) in the urban airspace is the availability of robust, reliable navigation and Sense-and-Avoid (SAA) systems. Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are typically the primary source of positioning for most air and ground vehicles and for a growing number of UAS applications; however, their performance is frequently inadequate in such challenging environments. This paper performs a comprehensive analysis of GNSS performance for UAS operations with a focus on failure modes in urban environments. Based on the analysis, a guidance strategy is developed which accounts for the influence of urban structures on GNSS performance. A simulation case study representative of UAS operations in urban environments is conducted to assess the validity of the proposed approach. Results show improved accuracy (approximately 25%) and availability when compared against a conventional minimum-distance guidance strategy.

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Hae Choi, Jong, and Yonghwa Park. "Exploring economic feasibility for airport shuttle service of urban air mobility (UAM)." Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 162 (August 2022): 267–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2022.06.004.

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Lee, Jae-Hong, and Sungjo Hong. "Classification of Operation Model and Ground Infrastructure for Urban Air Mobility (UAM)." Korean Association of Urban Policies 12, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 89–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.21447/jup.2021.12.1.89.

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Krishnamurthy, Siddhartha, and Stephen Rizzi. "Feasibility study for remote psychoacoustic testing of human response to urban air mobility vehicle noise." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 264, no. 1 (June 24, 2022): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/nc-2022-676.

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NASA will remotely administer a psychoacoustic test in late summer of 2022 as the first of two phases of a cooperative Urban Air Mobility (UAM) vehicle noise human response study. This study relies on the cooperation of multiple government agencies, academia, and industry to assemble a wide range of UAM vehicle sounds. This database of sounds will be used to create a rich database of human response to UAM noise that would be challenging for a single organization to acquire. The development of the remote test method to study human response to aviation noise was prompted by the novel coronavirus pandemic. The feasibility portion of the study described in this work will demonstrate and refine the remote test method for use in the implementation phase. This paper details the method for remotely administering the psychoacoustic test and the sound stimuli to be used in the Feasibility Test. Comparisons of annoyance response data from previous in-person tests will be used to demonstrate the viability of the remote test method. The paper also describes an effort to determine if providing a contextual cue to test subjects influences the annoyance response.

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Liberacki, Adam, Barbara Trincone, Gabriella Duca, Luigi Aldieri, Concetto Paolo Vinci, and Fabio Carlucci. "The Environmental Life Cycle Costs (ELCC) of Urban Air Mobility (UAM) as an input for sustainable urban mobility." Journal of Cleaner Production 389 (February 2023): 136009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136009.

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Costa, Jackson, Rubens Matos, Jean Araujo, Jueying Li, Eunmi Choi, Tuan Anh Nguyen, Jae-Woo Lee, and Dugki Min. "Software Aging Effects on Kubernetes in Container Orchestration Systems for Digital Twin Cloud Infrastructures of Urban Air Mobility." Drones 7, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones7010035.

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It is necessary to develop a vehicle digital twin (DT) for urban air mobility (UAM) that uses an accurate, physics-based emulator to model the statics and dynamics of a vehicle. This is because the use of digital twins in the operation and control of UAM vehicles is essential for the UAM operational digital twin infrastructure (UAM-ODT). There are several issues that need to be addressed in this process: (i) the lack of digital twin engines for the digitalization (twinization) of the dynamics and control of UAM vehicles at the core of UAM-ODT systems; (ii) the lack of back-end system engineering in the development of UAM vehicle DTs; and (iii) the lack of fault-tolerant mechanisms for the DT cloud back-end system to run uninterrupted operations 24/7. On the other hand, software aging and rejuvenation are becoming increasingly important in a variety of computing scenarios as the demand for reliable and available services increases. With the increasing use of containerized systems, there is also a need for an orchestrator to support easy management and reduce operational costs. In this paper, an operational digital twin (ODT) of a typical urban air mobility (UAM) infrastructure is developed on a private cloud system based on Kubernetes using a proposed cloud-in-the-loop simulation approach. To ensure the ODT can provide uninterrupted operational control and services in UAM around the clock, we propose a methodology for investigating software aging in Kubernetes-based containerized clouds. We evaluate the behavior of Kubernetes software using the Nginx and K3S tools while they manage pods in an accelerated lifetime experiment. We continuously execute operations for creating and terminating pods, allowing us to observe the utilization of computing resources (e.g., CPU, memory, and I/O), the performance of the Nginx and K3S environments, and the response time of an application hosted in those environments. In some conditions and for specific metrics, such as virtual memory usage, we observed the effects of software aging, including a memory leak that is not fully cleared when the cluster is stopped. These issues could lead to system performance degradation and eventually compromise the reliability and availability of the system when it crashes due to memory space exhaustion or full utilization of swap space on the hard disk. This study helps with the deployment and maintenance of virtualized environments from the standpoint of system dependability in digital twin computing infrastructures where a large number of services are running under strict continuity requirements.

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Yoo, Jaeho, Yunseon Choe, and Soo-i. Rim. "Risk Perceptions Using Urban and Advanced Air Mobility (UAM/AAM) by Applying a Mixed Method Approach." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 7, 2022): 16338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416338.

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From a mobility rationale, advanced air mobility (AAM) and/or urban air mobility (UAM) claims a reduction in travel time with integration into intermodal transportation networks and a reduction in ground traffic congestion due to the current modal shift to air, ultimately contributing to more sustainable transportation. Starting in 2025, South Korea is planning to operate air taxis between International Airport and Seoul downtown. This study applied a mixed-method approach to identify barriers to the use of air taxis by investigating consumers’ risk perception of air taxis. A focus group interview yielded a scale with 18 items across five dimensions. Next, through exploratory factor analysis, the 18 items were reduced to 10 items across two dimensions: safety risk (6 items) and cyber risk (4 items). The findings of this study will offer practical guidelines for creating marketing tools and designing strategic management planning for air taxis. The risk perception using air taxis will assist with creating a more strategic and efficient business model that destination management organizations, developers, and policymakers can utilize.

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Brunelli, Matteo, Chiara Caterina Ditta, and Maria Nadia Postorino. "A Framework to Develop Urban Aerial Networks by Using a Digital Twin Approach." Drones 6, no. 12 (November 29, 2022): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones6120387.

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The new concept of Urban Air Mobility (UAM) and the emergent unmanned aerial vehicles are receiving more and more attention by several stakeholders for implementing new transport solutions. However, there are several issues to solve in order to implement successful UAM systems. Particularly, setting a suitable framework is central for including this new transportation system into the existing ones—both ground and aerial systems. Regulation and definition of aerial networks, but also the characterization of ground facilities (vertiports) to allow passengers and freight to access the services are among the most relevant issues to be discussed. To identify UAM transportation networks, suitably connected with ground transportation services, digital twin models could be adopted to support the modelling and simulation of existing—and expected—scenarios with constantly updated data for identifying solutions addressing the design and management of transport systems. In this perspective, a digital twin model applied to an existing urban context—the city of Bologna, in northern Italy—is presented in combination with a novel air transport network that includes the third dimension. The 3D Urban Air Network tries to satisfy the principle of linking origin/destination points by ensuring safe aerial paths and suitable aerial vehicle separations. It involves innovative dynamic links powered by a heuristic cost function. This work provides the initial framework to explore the integration of UAM services into realistic contexts, by avoiding the costs associated with flight simulations in reality. Moreover, it can be used for holistic analyses of UAM systems.

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Panesar, Karanvir, Akshay Mathur, Ella Atkins, and Nadine Sarter. "Moving From Piloted to Autonomous Operations: Investigating Human Factors Challenges in Urban Air Mobility." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 65, no. 1 (September 2021): 241–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181321651143.

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Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is expected to be the next major revolution in the aviation industry and a solution to the growing traffic congestion on the ground. The long-term goal of UAM is to reach fully autonomous operations with minimal to no human supervision. Transitioning from today’s piloted to fully autonomous operations while maintaining or exceeding the current safety level in commercial aviation will require sig-nificant advances in technology and extensive collaboration between government, industry, and community stakeholders. In this paper, we discuss results from a focus group aimed at capturing the perspectives of five subject matter experts on the challenges associated with transitioning to fully autonomous operations. The focus group revealed five major themes for future research: overall system and automation design, training, system safety and security, community and, regulations and policy. The findings from this research highlight gaps in technology, regulations and our understanding of large-scale complex systems.

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Donateo, T., A. Ficarella, and L. Surdo. "Energy consumption and environmental impact of Urban Air mobility." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1226, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1226/1/012065.

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Abstract Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is a recent concept proposed for solving urban mobility problems, such as urban traffic pollution, congestion, and noises. The goal of this investigation is to develop a backward model for an electric aerial taxi in order to estimate the electric consumption and the indirect emissions of carbon dioxide in a specified mission. The model takes as input the time histories of speed and altitude and estimates the power at the rotor shaft during the mission with a quasi-static approach. The shaft power is used as input for the electric drive where the motor is modelled with an efficiency map and a transfer function while an equivalent circuit model which includes aging effects is used for the battery. The emissions of CO2 are calculated as a function of the Greenhouse emission intensity and compared with that of a hybrid electric taxi performing the same mission with the same payload. A plug-in Toyota Prius modelled through the software ADVISOR is considered for the comparison. The results show that the air taxi behaves better than the road taxi not only in terms of trip time but also from the environmental point of view if the charging of the battery is performed with the emission intensity factory expected to be reached in Europe in 2025.

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Page, Juliet, Stephen A. Rizzi, and Rui Cheng. "Comparison of two community noise models applied to a NASA urban air mobility concept vehicle." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 6 (August 1, 2021): 787–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-1650.

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Predictions of community noise exposure from the NASA urban air mobility (UAM) concept vehicles have been conducted for representative operations using the FAA Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT) in order to demonstrate modeling tool interoperability and assess applicability, capabilities and limitations of integrated noise modeling tools. To both quantify limitations and highlight other capabilities, a comparative analysis is performed using a time simulation method, in particular, using the Volpe Advanced Acoustic Model (AAM). Starting with the same source noise model, the 3D directivity of a UAM concept vehicle is predicted in terms of aeroacoustic pressure time histories at a sphere of observers near the vehicle. In addition to distilling those data to a set of noise-power-distance data for input to AEDT, the data are processed preserving directivity, into narrowband, one-twelfth and one-third octave bands for input to AAM. Results from AEDT and AAM modeling are provided for a variety of metrics to demonstrate the effect that source noise and propagation modeling fidelity have on predicted results at receptors over a study area.

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Chun, Nathan, Nate Jachim, GeeBeum Park, and Sang-Hwan Kim. "Investigation of Perceived External UAM Design Features as a New Transportation Method." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 66, no. 1 (September 2022): 1673–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181322661185.

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Urban air mobility (UAM) has been suggested as a new method of transportation to solve issues of rising populations and traffic congestion in metropolitan areas. UAM is mostly conceptual, as there is no standardization for the external aesthetic features of a UAM. This study aims to understand how people would perceive and describe the external design of UAM and how specific features of UAM design associate with the descriptor terms and preference by adopting the methods of Kansei Engineering or Measure of Perception. Participants were asked to rate different sample UAM designs using 30 semantic pairs selected to best describe UAM. The factor results on the semantic pairs revealed five descriptor terms including safety, comfort, novelty, simplicity, and its level of advancement. The results also found that participants prefer the sample designs that generate feelings of safety, comfort, and simplicity, with a few advancements. Even though the study is preliminary, the study can be extended to understand users' mental models and apply them to the effective design of UAM in various ways.

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Aalmoes, Roalt, and Naomi Sieben. "Visual and audio perception study on drone aircraft and similar sounds in an Urban Air Mobility setting." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 2510–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2160.

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Urban Air Mobility (UAM) is a novel aerospace concept involving drones and Personal Air Vehicles (PAVs) operating in a densely populated urban environment. Most of such vehicles will be electric-powered and rotor-based, creating a distinct sound in the proposed setting of a city. Public acceptability, partially due to noise impact, is a valid concern for the introduction of UAM. To evaluate human perception and noise annoyance of these vehicles, a study is set up that comprises audio-only and combined audio-visual stimuli of hovering and fly-over events using a Virtual Reality experiment. For both types of stimuli, two ambient environments, recorded with synchronized spherical video and ambisonics audio, are provided as background: a louder urban street environment, and a quieter urban street environment. In addition to the drone sounds, more familiar sounds are also evaluated, namely a helicopter and a lawnmower sound, with and without a visualisation. Test subjects are asked about their noise sensitivity according to a shortened Weinstein scale, and their attitude towards drones using a separate questionnaire at the end of the experiment. [Note from authors: The laboratory study is ongoing and the first results are being analysed. The final results are expected well before the paper deadline. This abstract will be complemented with the main results and conclusions.]

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Song, Kyowon, Hwasoo Yeo, and Jung-Ho Moon. "Approach Control Concepts and Optimal Vertiport Airspace Design for Urban Air Mobility (UAM) Operation." International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences 22, no. 4 (March 1, 2021): 982–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42405-020-00345-9.

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Straubinger, Anna, Erik T. Verhoef, and Henri L. F. de Groot. "Will urban air mobility fly? The efficiency and distributional impacts of UAM in different urban spatial structures." Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 127 (June 2021): 103124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2021.103124.

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Desai, Kshitija, Christelle Al Haddad, and Constantinos Antoniou. "Roadmap to Early Implementation of Passenger Air Mobility: Findings from a Delphi Study." Sustainability 13, no. 19 (September 24, 2021): 10612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su131910612.

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Urban air mobility (UAM) has recently increased in popularity as an emerging mode of transportation, covering a wide range of applications, for on-demand or scheduled operations of smaller aircraft, in and around metropolitan areas. Due to its novelty and as it has not yet been implemented, UAM research still faces uncertainties. In particular, there is a need to develop a roadmap for the early implementation of passenger air mobility, aiming to identify the most prominent challenges, opportunities, hazards, and risks, but also to highlight the most promising use cases, or on the contrary, the ones associated with the least benefits compared to the risks or complexity they entail. To answer the previous questions, and therefore address this research gap, this study used a two-round Delphi questionnaire, targeting various stakeholder groups (product owners, policymakers, researchers, consultants, investors), leading to a total of 51 experts, out of which 34 also participated in the second round. In the first round, the main challenges, opportunities, and hazards facing the implementation of passenger UAM were identified. Findings on challenges and opportunities that were dependent on use cases only (as opposed to being dependent on technology or external factors) were then fed back into the second round, which helped evaluate the use cases based both on their complexities, as well as the associated benefits. Accordingly, medical/emergency was identified as the best use case and intracity transport as the worst (in terms of complexity vs. benefits). Similarly, a risk analysis evaluated the potential hazards associated with the implementation of UAM and their impacts on the system viability. Community backlash was found to be the most hazardous one, while malicious passenger behavior and improperly designed infrastructure as the least. Findings from this study can help better understand stakeholders’ opinions, highlighting promising use cases, but also risks to be aware of, constituting therefore a roadmap for future implementation.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Urban Air Mobility (UAM)'

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