Journal articles on the topic 'Uranium mines and mining'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Uranium mines and mining.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Uranium mines and mining.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Stupnik, Mykola, Vsevolod Kalinichenko, Mykhaylo Fedko, Serhii Pysmennyi, Olena Kalinichenko, and Alexey Pochtarev. "Methodology enhancement for determining parameters of room systems when mining uranium ore in the SE “SkhidGZK” underground mines, Ukraine." Mining of Mineral Deposits 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33271/mining16.02.033.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose. The present paper aims to enhance methodology for determining the safety and stability parameters of room mining systems with backfilling of the mined-out area when mining uranium ores in underground mines of the State Enterprise “Skhidnyi Mining and Beneficiation Plant” (SE “SkhidGZK”). Methods. The analytical research method used in the presented paper includes the analysis of previous relevant instructions and reports on the research performed at the SE “SkhidGZK”, as well as publications on the subject, operational geological survey documentation containing monitoring data on the stress-strain state of the rock mass surrounding the formed cavities and the actual state of the mined-out blocks in all underground mines of SE “SkhidGZK”. Findings. The research performed enables development of a new instruction for determining the safety and stability parameters of the room systems with backfilling when mining uranium ores in the SE “SkhidGZK” underground mines. Based on the developed new instruction, the stability of outcrops in mined-out rooms has been calculated, considering the actual time of their life. The obtained parameters fully correspond to actual stability of rooms in blocks of all underground mines. This indicates that the new instruction is more advanced as compared to the current Instruction and its implementation will contribute to mine safety enhancement. Originality. The increased depth of mining uranium ore in the SE “SkhidGZK” underground mines and the increase in lifetime of mined-out rooms require regular adjustment of the methodology for determining their safety and stability parameters. Based on the accumulated production experience, the observations conducted and a thorough analysis of the actual state of cavities, new and adjusted current dependences have been obtained that more accurately consider the impact of both determined factors and those unprovisioned in the current Instruction for determining the safety and stability parameters of rooms. Practical implications. The advanced methodology for determining the safety and stability parameters of room systems in comparison with the methodology described in the current Instruction at the “SkhidGZK” underground mines provides higher accuracy when determining the design parameters of rooms in the stoping blocks and greater reliability of predictive stability of both individual outcrops and rooms in general.
2
Dolchinkov, Nikolay, Yanitsa Boyanova, and Nikolay Nichev. "URANIUM MINES IN BULGARIA - ANALYSIS OF THE STATE 30 YEARS AFTER THEIR CLOSURE." ENVIRONMENT. TECHNOLOGIES. RESOURCES. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 22, 2024): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2024vol1.8002.
Full textAbstract:
Uranium mining in Bulgaria dates back to 1939 and was made a historical aspect of uranium mining in Bulgaria until its liquidation in 1992. The measures taken under Decree No. 74 / 27.03.1998 to liquidate the consequences of mining and processing are described of uranium and the omissions to be made. eliminated in this regard. Until the end of uranium mining in 1992, the annual production of uranium was 660-680 t, of which 430 t was obtained by geotechnical method - drilling with sand-type uranium drilling. They are poor in uranium (below 0.05%), but with several times cheaper yields (average $40/kg for 1970-1990). The problems related to the reclamation of lands around uranium deposits and enterprises are shown. The condition of the terrain around the mines and the results of the samples from 2000 and 2010 have been analysed and recommendations for improving the condition and subsequent investigation of the condition of the adjacent terrain have been identified.
3
Qin, Guoxiu, Yujuan Liu, Qimin Wang, Fan Li, Weizhe Li, and Hexi Wu. "INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY LEVELS AT TYPICAL URANIUM MINES IN THE SOUTH OF CHINA." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 189, no. 3 (April 24, 2020): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaa047.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The environmental radioactivity levels of two typical uranium mines in the south of China were investigated and analysed. According to the characteristics of uranium mines, the relevant parameters, including the surface gamma ray dose rate, concentration of radon in the air and concentration of radionuclides in the soil and surface water, of two uranium mines were evaluated and analysed. The results show that residents in the mining area were exposed to average maximum annual effective doses of 1.69 and 1.58 mSv due to the inhalation of radon and its daughters, while the employees received 2.59 and 1.87 mSv, respectively. Residents in the mining area were exposed to average maximum annual effective doses of 0.77 and 0.69 mSv due to gamma ray, while the employees received 1.64 and 1.33 mSv, respectively.
4
Göcke, Katja. "Uranium Mining in Nunavut." Yearbook of Polar Law Online 5, no. 1 (2013): 119–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116427-91000121.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Inuit in the Canadian Arctic have fought uranium mining on their ancestral lands for years. In 1993, after decades of negotiations, the federal government and Inuit representatives signed the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement (“NLCA”), which not only provided for the creation of the Territory of Nunavut as new political entity within the Canadian federal system and the establishment of a public territorial government, but also transferred land and resource ownership over vast areas of the newly-created territory, as well as considerable co-management rights, to the Inuit of Nunavut. To govern these special rights and benefits on behalf of the Inuit of Nunavut and to watch over the implementation of and adherence to the NLCA, the NLCA established the Inuit-organization Nunavut Tunngavik Inc. (“NTI”). Initially NTI banned uranium mining. In 2007, however, NTI reversed its stance and adopted a pro-uranium policy without prior Inuit, community or public input. Following the adoption of the new policy, several uranium mining companies have started to negotiate agreements with NTI to open mines on Inuit-owned lands. NTI’s decision to lift its ban on uranium mining has not only initiated a public debate on the safety and desirability of uranium mining in Nunavut but also calls the legitimacy of the political system of Nunavut into question. This paper will look at the different stakeholders involved in the uranium controversy and their powers to take and influence decisions regarding uranium mining. It is argued that the uranium controversy has revealed a democracy deficit that needs to be addressed.
5
DeBoom, Meredith J. "Nuclear (Geo)Political Ecologies: A Hybrid Geography of Chinese Investment in Namibia's Uranium Sector." Journal of Current Chinese Affairs 46, no. 3 (December 2017): 53–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810261704600303.
Full textAbstract:
Namibia's Husab uranium mine is the Chinese government's largest investment in Africa to date. This article develops a theoretical framework of hybridity to analyse the (geo)political and ecological implications of China's rising global influence in uranium mining. Drawing on multiple-methods fieldwork, the article explains how Husab has resuscitated Namibia's uranium industry and facilitated the political goals of both Chinese and Namibian leaders. Husab's materialisation of “South–South solidarity,” however, also appears to be deepening the marginalisation of minority communities near uranium mines. Far from paradoxical, this uneven distribution of benefits and costs is as intertwined with nuclear geopolitics as it is with the materiality of uranium mining.
6
Воробьев, А. Е., Е. С. Орынгожин, Г. П. Метакса, and О. Ш. Шамшиев. "Uranium mines and the biosphere: from oppression to the biota mutagenesis." Горный журнал Казахстана, no. 2(190) (February 23, 2021): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.48498/minmag.2021.190.2.007.
Full textAbstract:
В статье представлена история урановых рудников с давних пор: детализированы природно-техногенные объекты Кан-и-Гут (Рудник погибели) и рудник Туя-Муюн, а также другие рудники Ферганской долины. Показано, что уранодобывающие предприятия характерны для многих стран мира: Австралии, Казахстана, России, Канады, ЮАР, Украины, Узбекистана, США, Бразилии и Намибии. Показаны основные рудные урановые минералы. Рассмотрены способы добычи и переработки урансодержащих пород. Раскрыты главные аспекты воздействия урановых рудников на геосферу Земли (в том числе и на биосферу). Выделен период полураспада урана и отдельно показаны виды радиационного воздействия на геосферу от урановых рудников. Объяснены процессы угнетения биоты радиоактивным излучением, а также появление мутагенеза, вплоть до окультуренной растительности. The article presents the history of uranium mines since ancient times: the natural and man-made objects Kan-i-Gut (Perdition Mine) and Tuya-Muyun mine, as well as other mines of the Ferghana Valley, are detailed. It is shown that uranium mining enterprises are typical for many countries of the world: Australia, Kazakhstan, Russia, Canada, South Africa, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, the United States, Brazil and Namibia. The main ore uranium minerals are shown. Methods of extraction and processing of uranium-containing rocks are considered. The main aspects of the impact of uranium mines on the Earth's geosphere (including the biosphere) are revealed. The half-life of uranium is distinguished and the types of radiation effects on the geosphere from uranium mines are shown separately. The processes of biota suppression by radioactive radiation, as well as the appearance of mutagenesis, up to cultivated vegetation, are explained.
7
Skipochka, Serhii, Tetiana Palamarchuk, Liliia Prokhorets, and Viktor Serhiienko. "Development of a system for ranking geomechanical factors, which influence the stability of uranium mines workings." Geo-Technical Mechanics, no. 165 (2023): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/geotm2023.165.005.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of research presented in the article are processes that take into account the influence of geomechanical factors on the stability of mining workings of uranium mines. The purpose of this work is development of a system for ranking geomechanical factors by the degree of danger based on the analysis of risk factors that affect the stability of uranium mines. The work uses critical analysis and generalization of both own research results and the results of domestic and foreign authors. The geomechanical factors that affect the stability of the mining workings of uranium mines have been determined. It is shown that their influence has both a direct and an indirect effects due to the connection with mining-geological and technological parameters. The stability of the workings is significantly influenced by mining and technical factors (outcropping time, working space length, floor height, compression properties and structure of the backfill mass, chamber width, dynamics of cleaning works progress), mining and geological factors (depth of mining, thickness of the ore body, strength (deformation)) and physical and mechanical properties of the rock mass. In addition, the engineering and technical conditions of mine construction have a significant impact, in particular, the form and size of the workings, their orientation in the massif, the method of carrying out and supporting, the design and technology of fastening, etc. It is practically impossible to simultaneously take into account all factors in an analytical way, so it is necessary to select one or two main factors that are of decisive importance for the description of a specific geomechanical process. The originality of the work is the proposed ranking of geomechanical factors that affect the stability of mining workings of uranium mines. The ranking of geological, physical and mechanical factors on the stability of the chamber system elements at underground mining of uranium ores, according to the degree of attenuation of the influence, is as follows: strength of rocks → structure of the massif → angle of fall of the deposit → water content of the deposit → thickness of a seam. The ranking of the influence of support preparatory and capital workings on their stability, according to the degree of risk decrease, is as follows: no support → grid with anchors → sprayed concrete → wooden support → metal frame support with tightening → metal arches in concrete. Generalized ranking of the influence of the most significant factors on the stability of mining workings: geological, physical and mechanical factors → parameters of the development system → fastening technologies.
8
Murdock, Caitlin E. "A Gulag in the Erzgebirge? Forced Labor, Political Legitimacy, and Eastern German Uranium Mining in the Early Cold War, 1946–1949." Central European History 47, no. 4 (December 2014): 791–821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938914001939.
Full textAbstract:
“Dear Papa! I have been conscripted into a living grave. . . .” So began a letter in the West Berlin newspaperDer Sozialdemokratin March 1948. The young man had been sent to work in the Soviet occupation zone's uranium mines, near Aue in the Saxon Erzgebirge (Ore Mountains), and had written to his parents in despair. The news article that accompanied the letter explained, “The uranium mines… are not in the Urals, but in the Erzgebirge. But reports from [the Erzgebirge] are as hard to come by as [ones] from the Urals.” Other newspapers in Germany's Western zones of occupation also published reports of “slave conditions,” and “forced labor” in the mines.
9
Carasco, C., B. Pérot, J. L. Ma, H. Toubon, and A. Dubille-Auchère. "Improving gross count gamma-ray logging in uranium mining with the NGRS probe." EPJ Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817005001.
Full textAbstract:
AREVA Mines and the Nuclear Measurement Laboratory of CEA Cadarache are collaborating to improve the sensitivity and precision of uranium concentration measurement by means of gamma ray logging. The determination of uranium concentration in boreholes is performed with the Natural Gamma Ray Sonde (NGRS) based on a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. The total gamma count rate is converted into uranium concentration using a calibration coefficient measured in concrete blocks with known uranium concentration in the AREVA Mines calibration facility located in Bessines, France. Until now, to take into account gamma attenuation in a variety of boreholes diameters, tubing materials, diameters and thicknesses, filling fluid densities and compositions, a semi-empirical formula was used to correct the calibration coefficient measured in Bessines facility. In this work, we propose to use Monte Carlo simulations to improve gamma attenuation corrections. To this purpose, the NGRS probe and the calibration measurements in the standard concrete blocks have been modeled with MCNP computer code. The calibration coefficient determined by simulation, 5.3 s-1.ppmU-1 ± 10%, is in good agreement with the one measured in Bessines, 5.2 s-1.ppmU-1. Based on the validated MCNP model, several parametric studies have been performed. For instance, the rock density and chemical composition proved to have a limited impact on the calibration coefficient. However, gamma self-absorption in uranium leads to a nonlinear relationship between count rate and uranium concentration beyond approximately 1% of uranium weight fraction, the underestimation of the uranium content reaching more than a factor 2.5 for a 50 % uranium weight fraction. Next steps will concern parametric studies with different tubing materials, diameters and thicknesses, as well as different borehole filling fluids representative of real measurement conditions.
10
Duisebayeva, T., and A. Arbuz. "The use of chlorine-containing agents in the processing of spent blocks of uranium deposits." Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik Shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 326, no. 3 (February 24, 2023): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2023/6445.29.
Full textAbstract:
The work is aimed at diversifying existing mines for the extraction and processing of natural uranium through additional processing of spent blocks of uranium deposits with chemical solutions using the method of in-situ well leaching (ISL) in order to extract associated useful components. A feature of this technology is the use of the existing production infrastructure for the extraction of associated useful components in existing uranium mines, without significant capital investments in production infrastructure and mining operations. The technology of underground borehole leaching has been reliably developed in uranium deposits for decades. The fundamental similarity of the technology for the extraction of uranium and a number of associated useful components (APC) - by the ISR method, allows the use of spent ore fields of uranium deposits for the extraction of PPC. The use of ready-made technological infrastructure (wells, pipeline network, pumping equipment, control units, etc.) allows, due to savings on infrastructure costs, to obtain profitability when mining ore-bearing blocks with a content of recoverable components from ≤ 1 g/t, up to 0.1 g/t. Taking into account the indirect savings of significant costs for the reclamation of spent blocks, it will be profitable to mine blocks with a content of recoverable components up to 0.01 g/t. In view of the foregoing, this technology has a good prospect for implementation in production.
11
Egorova, Irina. "Prospects for the natural uranium world market." Ores and metals, no. 1 (April 7, 2023): 6–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47765/0869-5997-2023-10001.
Full textAbstract:
Various scenarios for development of the world uranium industry are considered, and an assumption is made of a high probability of the rapid growth scenario, according to the IAEA, which assumes an annual growth rate of the total nuclear power plants (NPPs) capacity of 2-2.5%. Based on this forecast, an assessment is made of capabilities of the uranium world mineral base to meet the NPPs needs in the nuclear fuel. It is demonstrated that only the restoration of production at temporary closed down mining enterprises, the growth of output at existing mines, and using secondary sources of uranium guarantee a sufficient amount of the raw materials to meet the demand for uranium in the next decade. Moreover, the shortage of raw materials for nuclear fuel in the near future may again be replaced by its excess. However, by the end of the current or early next decade, due to the depletion of the resource base of some operating mines, including Four Mile and Cigar Lake in Canada, the capacities of mining enterprises will be insufficient to meet the fuel needs of NPPs. A shortage of uranium may appear again, that will grow rapidly in the future. This will mean a new round of growth in prices for natural uranium, which, in turn, will stimulate an increase in uranium production throughout the world and will expand the prospects for the implementation of projects for the development of new uranium deposits in Russia, primarily Argunskoe and Zherlovoe in the Streltsovskoe uranium ore region
12
Hojka, Zbigniew. "Second Life of Post-Mining Facilities: Mines as a Tourist Attraction of Southern Poland." Studia Historiae Oeconomicae 41, no. 1 (July 21, 2023): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sho.2023.41.1.005.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this article is to present a tourist mining path located in southern Poland. This involves coal, silver, gold, salt, flint, chalk, uranium mines and oil wells. It includes some buildings connected with workers and mine-owners as well. These buildings were previously tied to mining. Currently, they function as museums or service-buildings.
13
Murarescu, Ovidiu, Cristiana Radulescu, Ioana Daniela Dulama, George Muratoreanu, Gica Pehoiu, Raluca Maria Stirbescu, Ioan Alin Bucurica, Sorina Geanina Stanescu, Constantin Aurelian Ionescu, and Andreea Laura Banica. "Comprehensive Assessment of Tailing Dumps’ Impact on Water Quality of Rivers, Lakes, and Wells from Mining Areas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 11, 2022): 14866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214866.
Full textAbstract:
This study is the third in a series of investigations conducted by the authors, and certainly the most comprehensive research regarding the former uranium, copper, and charcoal mines from a particular geographical area of Romania. In this respect, the present scientific incursion focused on two areas containing former extraction uranium ore sites, Ciudanovita and Lisava, as well as copper ore from Moldova Noua and charcoal mines from Anina, Banat Region, Romania. It highlighted that, for the first time, the heavy metal concentration was correlated with the values of physicochemical indicators of water (i.e., EC, DO, pH, resistivity, salinity, and ORP), by using multivariate analysis, to shape a regional based model on spatial distributions and the variability of toxic contaminants from the hydrographic basin of Banat, Romania, as a consequence of former uranium, copper, and charcoal mines. In this regard, 11 metals including Al, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Zn, Sr, Cd, and Pb from different water samples (well, spring, river, and lake), collected from three mining areas (uranium, copper, and coal mines) were investigated. Non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks of seven heavy metals were assessed using the EDI, DIM, and THQ. The obtained THQ values were within the acceptable limits for cancer risks for adults, but as regards children, eight samples out of 18 proved toxic. However, the HRI and THQ average values for Cd (0.265 adults/0.996 children) and Pb (0.025 adults/0.095 children) for children were 3–4 times higher than those for adults. This is a source of concern as their prevalence in well water exposes children and residents in the Banat Region to the risk of various types of cancers.
14
Tillman, Fred D., Kimberly R. Beisner, and Casey J. R. Jones. "Arsenic in groundwater in the Grand Canyon region and an evaluation of potential pathways for arsenic contamination of groundwater from breccia pipe uranium mining." PLOS Water 2, no. 6 (June 14, 2023): e0000109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pwat.0000109.
Full textAbstract:
The Grand Canyon in northern Arizona is an international tourist destination, a home or sacred place to many Native Americans, and hosts some of the highest-grade uranium deposits in the United States. Although potential contamination of water resources by uranium from mining activities is a concern, other elements commonly associated with these uranium deposits may pose a greater risk to human populations in the area. This study presents an assessment of arsenic in groundwater in the Grand Canyon area. First, sampling results for arsenic are presented and areas with elevated arsenic concentrations are discussed. Potential pathways of groundwater contamination by arsenic from uranium mines are then discussed to elucidate situations and conditions under which elevated concentrations of arsenic might be expected to become mobilized from breccia-pipe uranium mining activities. Results for arsenic in groundwater in the study area were available for 652 samples collected from 230 sites. Arsenic concentrations in groundwater ranged from less than reporting limits in 60 samples to a maximum concentration of 875 μg/L at Pumpkin Spring. About 88% (202) of the sites sampled had a maximum arsenic concentration below the drinking water standard of 10 μg/L. Available data from near former or current breccia-pipe uranium mines in the area indicate limited evidence to-date of mining effects on elevated arsenic in groundwater, although slow groundwater flow paths in the region may result in extended times of decades or more for groundwater to reach discharge locations. Post-mining entry of groundwater into the shaft and underground mine workings, with subsequent transport of metal-enriched groundwater offsite, may be a potential pathway of groundwater arsenic contamination from mining, although concentrations would likely be attenuated by contact with sedimentary rock units and dilution with native groundwater along flow paths. Monitoring of perched groundwater at reclaimed mine sites post-reclamation could provide data on the effectiveness of clean-closure practices on protecting groundwater quality in the area.
15
Ion, Adriana, Ana Cosac, and Vlad Victor Ene. "Natural Radioactivity in Soil and Radiological Risk Assessment in Lișava Uranium Mining Sector, Banat Mountains, Romania." Applied Sciences 12, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 12363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122312363.
Full textAbstract:
The specific activity and spatial distribution of 238U, 232Th and 40K were determined in the surface soil from the Lișava uranium mining sector. This sector belongs to the Banat district, an historically important uranium mining area in Romania (an area with closed uranium mines and a radioactive waste dump). Gamma-ray spectrometry using a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector was used to measure the activity of naturally occurring radionuclides in the soil. The average specific activities of 238U, 232Th and 40K in the soil were 197.21 Bq/kg for 238U, 16.21 Bq/kg for 232Th and 543.21 Bq/kg for 40K. The mineral contents of selected waste rock samples (sandstones) were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), which revealed that brannerite, pitchblende and coffinite were the most important uranium-bearing minerals. The means of the radiological hazard parameters were calculated to be 262.22 Bq/kg radium equivalent activity (Raeq), 123.72 nGy/h absorbed gamma dose rates (DR), 0.7 external hazard index (Hex) and 1.8 representative level index (RLI). The spatial distribution of the risk assessment indices associated with the investigated soils exceeded the median values provided by UNSCEAR and reflected the geological settings and influences of anthropic activities such as uranium mining practices and the tipping of radioactive mining waste.
16
Marchais, T., B. Pérot, C. Carasco, P.-G. Allinei, P. Chaussonnet, J.-L. Ma, and H. Toubon. "Gamma-ray spectroscopy measurements and simulations for uranium mining." EPJ Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817005003.
Full textAbstract:
AREVA Mines and the Nuclear Measurement Laboratory of CEA Cadarache are collaborating to improve the sensitivity and precision of uranium concentration evaluation by means of gamma measurements. This paper reports gamma-ray spectra, recorded with a high-purity coaxial germanium detector, on standard cement blocks with increasing uranium content, and the corresponding MCNP simulations. The detailed MCNP model of the detector and experimental setup has been validated by calculation vs. experiment comparisons. An optimization of the detector MCNP model is presented in this paper, as well as a comparison of different nuclear data libraries to explain missing or exceeding peaks in the simulation. Energy shifts observed between the fluorescence X-rays produced by MCNP and atomic data are also investigated. The qualified numerical model will be used in further studies to develop new gamma spectroscopy approaches aiming at reducing acquisition times, especially for ore samples with low uranium content.
17
Nikolova, Nadezhda. "State of the surface waters in the Mesta River basin, after the reclamation of the Eleshnitsa uranium deposit." Journal of the Bulgarian Geographical Society 50 (April 9, 2024): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jbgs.e114156.
Full textAbstract:
In the period from 1955 to 1992, uranium ore was mined and processed in the Mesta River basin around the village of Eleshnitsa, region of Razlog. The ore processing plant was built and a tailings storage facility was built next to it. In the period 2002–2006, the tailings storage was reclaimed, and in 2011–2012 the ore mines were also reclaimed. For the treatment of drainage water, a treatment plant was built in the valley of Valchoto Dere River, a left tributary of the Mesta River. The radiological monitoring carried out by the Basin Directorate “West Aegean Sea Region” reveals a generally good quality of the surface waters in terms of the content of uranium and radium (226Ra) outside the area of the former uranium mining and the tailings storage facility. In this area, in some years a high content of natural uranium was found, with concentrations from 0.54 to 67.40 mg/l on average per year. The values significantly exceed (by 1.8 to 224.6 times) the norm regulated in the regulation for radiation protection and safety from the liquidation of the consequences of uranium mining. The spread of uranium is limited to a small area shortly downstream from the sources of contamination, but the potential risk to the local ecosystem should not be neglected. Radium, in contrast to uranium, has concentrations below the permissible limits in the twelve years studied. Its content varied from 0.025 to 0.11 Bq/l on average annually. The results show that the Mesta River near the border with the Republic of Greece is not contaminated with the studied radionuclides.
18
Gurrib, Ikhlaas, and Saad AlShahrani. "Impact of pulling down regulatory state barriers on uranium in Australia: Is there a need in order to maintain and increase Australia’s global market share of uranium?" Risk Governance and Control: Financial Markets and Institutions 3, no. 3 (2013): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/rgcv3i3c1art4.
Full textAbstract:
This paper sets a prospective framework to study the impact of opening more mines to meet future growing demand on Australia’s economy. The structure is aimed at decomposing investments and exports variables into Uranium exports and Uranium Exploration expenditure and analyse their impacts on each State GSP (Goods State Product) and for Australia as a nation. The demand and supply factors affecting the uranium market are defragmented before providing the research methodology and data specifics. Later analysis is expected to have policy implications by serving as a guide to pull down State Regulatory barriers like those imposed currently in Queensland, which is rich with uranium deposits and allow only uranium exploration but no uranium mining. Empirical findings would suggest whether exporting the carbon free energy would add value to Australia’s different competing states and as a whole globalized economy.
19
Yasmint, Imam Ghazali. "Review on monitoring natural and environmental radiation and its potential from mining products." Indonesian Journal of Physics 32, no. 1 (November 14, 2021): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/ijp.v32i1.302.
Full textAbstract:
Monitoring of natural radiation in Indonesia has been carried out by various parties, from researchers, academics at universities to special agencies tasked with handling this matter, such as the National Nuclear Energy Agency (Batan) and the Nuclear Energy Supervisory Agency (Bapeten). Batan through the Center for Radiation Safety and Metrology Technology (PTKMR) is in charge of monitoring natural radiation at the national level. The purpose of this paper is to review the monitoring of natural and environmental radiation in Indonesia and the potential of mining products as a source of natural radiation. The mining products that will be reviewed in this paper are natural uranium and thorium which are usually found in several mines, such as tin mines and others.
20
Yasmint, Imam Ghazali. "Review on monitoring natural and environmental radiation and its potential from mining products." Indonesian Journal of Physics 32, no. 1 (November 14, 2021): 11–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/itb.ijp.2021.32.1.2.
Full textAbstract:
Monitoring of natural radiation in Indonesia has been carried out by various parties, from researchers, academics at universities to special agencies tasked with handling this matter, such as the National Nuclear Energy Agency (Batan) and the Nuclear Energy Supervisory Agency (Bapeten). Batan through the Center for Radiation Safety and Metrology Technology (PTKMR) is in charge of monitoring natural radiation at the national level. The purpose of this paper is to review the monitoring of natural and environmental radiation in Indonesia and the potential of mining products as a source of natural radiation. The mining products that will be reviewed in this paper are natural uranium and thorium which are usually found in several mines, such as tin mines and others.
21
Gosar, Mateja, Robert Šajn, Miloš Miler, Ana Burger, and Špela Bavec. "Overview of existing information on important closed (or in closing phase) and abandoned mining waste sites and related mines in Slovenia." Geologija 63, no. 2 (December 7, 2020): 221–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5474/geologija.2020.018.
Full textAbstract:
The presented work provides a comprehensive inventory of data on closed (or in closing phase) and abandoned underground and surface mines and mining waste sites in Slovenia, collected within the framework of the Geological Survey of Slovenia (GeoZS) over the last two decades. Furthermore, a detailed overview of information on closed and abandoned mining waste sites in Slovenia is given. In order to establish the inventory, a definition of the work methodology, a comprehensive research of the archived and published literature, and the harmonisation and management of the collected data was carried out. Based on a selected methodology, the inventory contains information on 33 metal mines, 43 coal mines, 51 non-metallic mineral resource mines, 156 waste sites from metal mines and 18 waste sites from coal mines. The inventory is in the open access Google Earth file. It provides a basis for further research into the environmental impact of mining waste, which has been carried out since the EU Directive on the management of waste from extractive industries (Directive 2006/21/EC hereafter) was adopted into national law. In general, about 11,621,333 m3 of waste sites from metal mines and 76,188,000 m3 of waste sites from coal mines are covering about 678 hectares of Slovenian territory. More than half (64 %) of the waste from metal mines was produced in the Mežica lead and zinc mine, while the other two mines with a still significant share of produced waste were the Idrija mercury mine (18 %) and the Žirovski vrh uranium mine (15 %). Among the closed coal mines, the largest amount (46 %) of waste was generated by the coal mine Trbovlje-Hrastnik, while the other two coal mines with still significant share of waste produced were Kočevje (28 %) and Kanižarica (17 %).
22
Wufuer, Rehemanjiang, Jia Duo, Wenfeng Li, Jinglong Fan, and Xiangliang Pan. "Bioremediation of Uranium- and Nitrate-Contaminated Groundwater after the In Situ Leach Mining of Uranium." Water 13, no. 22 (November 11, 2021): 3188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13223188.
Full textAbstract:
Uranium and nitrate are common groundwater pollutants near in situ leach uranium mines. However, we still lack techniques that can simultaneously immobilize uranium and reduce nitrate using a single bacterial species. In this study, the potential of simultaneous uranium immobilization and nitrate reduction by a single AFODN (anaerobic Fe(II) oxidizing denitrifier), Clostridium sp. PXL2, was investigated. Clostridium sp. PXL2 showed tolerance to U(VI) concentrations varying from 4.2 µM to 42 µM. The U(VI) immobilization and nitrate reduction rates in groundwater samples inoculated with this bacterium reached up to 75.1% and 55.7%, respectively, under neutral conditions. Exposure to oxidation conditions led to further U(VI) removal but did not show any noticeable effect on nitrate reduction. The U(VI) immobilization rate reached up to 85% with an increased Fe(II) initial concentration, but this inhibited nitrate reduction. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) coupled with EDS (energy dispersive spectroscopy) showed that the U(VI) immobilization was mainly due to sorption to amorphous ferric oxides. U(VI) and nitrate bioremediation by AFODNs, including Clostridium sp. PXL2, may provide a promising method for the treatment of uranium- and nitrate-contaminated groundwater after the in situ leach mining of uranium.
23
Ralph, Martin I., Steven Hinckley, and Marcus Cattani. "REASSESSMENT OF RADIATION EXPOSURES OF UNDERGROUND NON-URANIUM MINE WORKERS IN WESTERN AUSTRALIA." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 191, no. 3 (September 2020): 272–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/ncaa131.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In the 1990, radon and radon progeny was reported to contribute approximately 70% of the average 1.4 + 1.0-mSv annual dose across 26 Western Australian underground non-uranium mines. The Western Australian underground mining workforce has expanded significantly, and parameters used to calculate doses have changed significantly, warranting a review of the 1990’s data. The review concludes that doses received by the contemporary mining workforce has increased on average, by 5.4%, with annual dose estimates ranging from 0.53 to 3.56 mSv, with a mean of 1.33 mSv. Doses in 12 of the 23 underground mines exceed 1 mSv and are required to comply with radiation safety legislation. It is estimated that 5400 underground workers will fall into the greater than 1-mSv category. The collective dose to the underground worker population has increased by 4.5 times from 3060 man mSv (2173 workers) to 13 669 man mSv (8597 workers).
24
Ovseychuk, V. "GEOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT OF ORE URANIUM DEPOSITS IN A MARKET ECONOMY." TRANSBAIKAL STATE UNIVERSITY JOURNAL 27, no. 10 (2021): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2021-27-10-15-24.
Full textAbstract:
PJSC "Priargunskoye Production Mining and Chemical Association" (PJSC PPGHO) has been mining rock uranium ores since 1968. The overwhelming volume of ore is extracted by the "horizontal layers with a hardening bookmark" system. The cost of the extracted ore is very high. Over a fairly long period of field operation, the raw material base has been largely depleted. The applied mining technology does not provide a cost-effective production of finished products of the enterprise "nitrous oxide-uranium oxides". A massive transition to physical and chemical technologies for the extraction and processing of uranium ores could ensure profitable production, but this requires a geological and economic reassessment of the remaining reserves of uranium ores. The object of the research is uranium mines. The subject is presented by the geological and economic assessment of ore uranium deposits. The purpose of the study is to adapt the methodology of geological and economic assessment of deposits to the conditions of mining uranium deposits. The objective of the study is to establish the dependences of the economic indicators of the development of uranium deposits on the mining and geological characteristics of these deposits. The research methodology is the collection of initial information, its mathematical and statistical processing, and establishment of relationships between indicators, the formulation of methods of geological and economic assessment of uranium deposits. The research methods are presented by mathematical statistics. The article proposes a method for automated recalculation of uranium ore deposits according to changing operational conditions. The methodology is based on the following conditions: close dependence of changes in the reserves of uranium ores in the subsurface on the onboard content of uranium and the power of rock inclusion in the contour of the ore body; identity of the linear reserves of uranium ores with the volume indicators of the reserves of these ores. The calculations, performed according to this method on the basis of the reserves of the conditional operational block, mineralization parameters which correspond to the average ore indicators of the Streltsovsky ore field deposits, have allowed to generally assess the remaining reserves and recommend this method for use on an industrial scale. The results of calculations show that the remaining reserves can provide a cost-effective production of uranium nitrous oxide at a price of $ 60 per kg, while the profitability of production will be 19 %
25
Zhang, Tong, Xiang He, Kai Zhang, Xiaohan Wang, and Yang Liu. "Hydrogeology Response to the Coordinated Mining of Coal and Uranium: A Transparent Physical Experiment." Geofluids 2021 (November 8, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6236455.
Full textAbstract:
The migration of fracture and leaching solute caused by mining activity is critical to the hydrogeology. To characterize liquid and solid migration in a mining area of intergrown resources, the coordinated mining of coal and uranium was considered, and a physical experiment based on transparent soil was conducted. A well experimental performance of transparent soil composed of paraffin oil, n-tridecane, and silica gel and the leaching solution comprised of saturated oil red O dye was observed for hydrogeology characterization. An “arch-shaped” fracture zone with a maximum height of 90 m above the mined goaf and a “horizontal-shaped” fracture zone with a fractured depth of 9.97–16.09 m in the uranium-bearing layer were observed. The vertical leachate infiltration of 4.83 m was observed in the scenario of uranium mining prior to coal, which is smaller than those in the scenarios of comining of coal and uranium (10.26 m) and coal mining prior to uranium (16.09 m). A slight strata movement below the uranium was observed, and the leaching solution infiltration in the coal mining area was not observed in a short period in the scenario of uranium mining prior to coal; both of those was presented in the scenarios of comining of coal and uranium and coal mining prior to uranium.
26
Zheng, Fuxin, Yanguo Teng, Yuanzheng Zhai, Jingdan Hu, Junfeng Dou, and Rui Zuo. "Geo-Environmental Models of In-Situ Leaching Sandstone-Type Uranium Deposits in North China: A Review and Perspective." Water 15, no. 6 (March 22, 2023): 1244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15061244.
Full textAbstract:
Since the 1990s, sandstone-type uranium in the northern basin of China has become the main target for mining. Uranium mining can cause a series of impacts on the environment. A conceptual model of the geo-environment for sandstone-type uranium in northern China was described, which covers the changes in the geo-environmental characteristics in the natural state, in the mining process, during decommissioning and after treatment. Sandstone-type uranium is mainly distributed in the Songliao, Erlian, Ordos, Turpan–Hami and Ili Basins, which have arid climates and poor stratum permeability. Pitchblende is the main uranium-bearing mineral and is associated with iron, copper, coal, organic matter and other minerals. The mineral often has a low ore grade (0.01–1.0%) and high carbonate content (2–25%). Uranyl carbonate accounts for more than 90% of the total uranium in groundwater. The uranyl content is closely related to the TDS. The TDS of groundwater in the eastern and central ore belts is usually lower than 2 g/L, while in the western region, such as Xinjiang, it can exceed 10 g/L. In situ leaching (ISL) is the main mining method that results in groundwater pollution. Acid leaching leads to a pH decrease (<3), and heavy metals represented by U and Fe exceed the background values by hundreds of times, resulting in groundwater pollution. CO2 leaching is more environmentally friendly, and the excess ions are usually Ca2+, Mg2+, NO3− and HCO3−. Soil chemical anomalies originate mostly from wind erosion and precipitation leaching of decommissioned tailings. Uranium pollution is mainly concentrated within 20 cm of the surface, and the exceedance generally varies from two to 40 times. During ISL, a series of environmental measures will be taken to prevent pollution from being exposed to the surface. After treatment, the decommissioned uranium mines will likely have no impact on the surrounding environment. In the future, the protection of groundwater should be strengthened during production, and remediation methods based on electrokinetic, microbial and permeable reactive barrier (PRB) technology should be further researched.
27
Kiegiel, Katarzyna, Otton Roubinek, Dorota Gajda, Paweł Kalbarczyk, Grażyna Zakrzewska-Kołtuniewicz, and Andrzej G. Chmielewski. "Studies on uranium recovery from a U-bearing Radoniów Dump." Nukleonika 66, no. 4 (November 25, 2021): 115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nuka-2021-0017.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This work reports the possibility of uranium recovery from a post-mining uranium ore dump in Poland by a bioleaching method. The studies were conducted on the dump leaching model with the mass of 570 kg of uranium bearing mineral material from Radoniów pile and in the periodic bioreactor with a work volume of 80 dm3 and with mechanical mixing and aeration of the charge. The uranium concentration in the examined material was about 800 ppm. In this process, the consortium of microorganisms isolated from former mines was used. It was composed of the following microorganisms: Bacillius, Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Thiobacillus, Halothiobacillus, Thiomonas, and Geothrix. The efficiency of the uranium bioleaching process was 98% in the reactor, and a yield of 70% was obtained in the dump leaching model. The post-leaching solution contained significant amounts of uranium ions that were separated in two stages: (1) by ion chromatography and then (2) by a two-step precipitation method. The resulting solution was a source of ammonium diuranate, the precursor of yellowcake (uranium oxides).
28
Nikic, Zoran, Ljubomir Letic, Jovan Kovacevic, and Vesna Nikolic. "State of elements of the environment in the broader area of former uranium mines in the catchment of the Trgoviski Timok." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 107 (2013): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf120905003n.
Full textAbstract:
Mineral field ?Janja? extends over the Southwest slope of Stara Planina Mt., eastward from the village of Kalna in the belt of beech-fir forests. Exploitation of uranium used to be performed in three mines within this area, i.e. ?Mezdreja?, ?Gabrovnica?, and ?Srneci Do?, which are now closed down. One of the consequences of mining around these mines is partial degradation of natural balance. The greatest part of the terrain consists of granite, whereas metamorphic rocks are at the periphery. A geological survey with respect to the concentration of natural radioactive elements in the soil within the area of aforementioned mines has been conducted once so far. Alluvial sediment, ground and surface waters, as well as disposal were also examined. During the field study, radioactivity was measured and the methods of emanation and hydro-geochemical assessment were used, which was followed by collecting of samples for laboratory examination. The state of elements of the environment within the surveyed area is presented hereinafter on the basis of the existing data, having in mind that exploitation of uranium may disrupt natural balance in the long run.
29
Kuzmin, E. V., A. V. Kalakutskiy, M. A. Tarasov, and A. A. Morozov. "Concept for Disposal of Class 2 and Class 3 Radioactive Waste in Underground Workings with Isolating Backfilling using Paste made with Processed Uranium Ore Materials." Mining Industry (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 6/2020 (December 29, 2020): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2020-6-31-36.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents a concept for disposal of Class 2 and Class 3 radioactive waste in existing workings and chambers in the underground uranium mines of the Priargunsky Industrial Mining and Chemical Union PJSC with isolation of radioactive waste storage chambers using paste backfilling made with processed uranium ore materials and sealing of cracks in host rock by injection consolidation. The need is shown to enhance the strength of radioactive waste containers to increase the number of tiers in the storage blocks to make better use of the available chamber space. Data is provided on the forecast hydrogeological conditions in deep levels (up to 1000 m) of Mine No.6.
30
Golik, V. I. "On the Peculiarities of Ventilation of Uranium Mines." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 5 (May 2024): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2024-5-21-25.
Full textAbstract:
The systems of ventilation of radioactive deposits require special measures to minimize the impact of radon on miners. During the production of uranium ores, the working conditions of miners are determined by the content of metal in the broken ore, the intensity of radon emission, and the ventilation quality; therefore, the issues of mine atmosphere quality management become the top of the agenda. The patterns of gas interaction are found by modeling, with the determination of values of leaks through the exhaust space. The depth of regulation of air supply to the shaft bottom is determined as a function of regulation on the outgoing jet, the regime of airflow through the exhaust space, and the leak coefficient. A model of airflow in the direction of the shaft bottom has been compiled with the variables of the movement of ventilation jets. The pattern of airflow movement depending on the amount of air and the dimensions of the collapse area has been obtained. The mechanism to reduce contamination by using gas drainage through the collapsed wall has been identified. The recommendation on airing the mine workings with turbulent jets at a turbulent, laminar, and transient regime has been provided. A method to manage the atmosphere in the mine by adjusting the regime of leak movement through the mine working spaces has been recommended. The possibility of providing a mine with the required air by rationalizing the aerodynamic connection of mining operations with the surface has been substantiated. A practical issue of the airing of a section of an operating mine has been resolved as an example. It has been demonstrated that the substantiation of the possible use of isolated ventilation workings to release the contaminated air ensures cost savings due to the dismissal of a part of ventilation mine workings while ensuring the safety of miners. It has been proved that the possibilities of the injection method of ventilation increase when using an auxiliary drainage system.
31
D Franzmann, Peter, Rebecca B Hawkes, Christina M Haddad, and Jason J Plumb. "Mining with microbes." Microbiology Australia 28, no. 3 (2007): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma07124.
Full textAbstract:
As early as 166 AD, biotechnology was applied to the extraction of metals from ores in the copper mines of Cyprus, and in 1928 in Kennecott, USA, ?dump leaching? ? the use of microorganisms to extract copper from low grade mine waste material ? was conducted on commercial scale. It was not until 1947 that Colmer and Hinkle 1 demonstrated the role that microorganisms play in the oxidation of mineral sulfides for the release of metals in solution. Currently, 20% of annual global copper production results largely through the bioleaching of chalcocite (Cu2S). Many other metals, such as gold, cobalt, nickel, uranium and zinc are also being produced through bioleaching technology. Today, biotechnology is used to improve the environmental outcomes in a range of mining operations such as the use of sulfate-reducing bioreactors for the treatment of acid mine drainage (AMD), and heterotrophic and chemolithotrophic biofilm reactors for the degradation of cyanide products from gold processing and for the destruction of organic wastes such as oxalate from Bayer liquors during alumina production.
32
Kafka, Tomáš. "Uranium industry and Ralsko." Geografie 103, no. 3 (1998): 382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie1998103030382.
Full textAbstract:
The former Ralsko military training area is situated in close proximity to the region where uranium is mined. The paper deals with the history of uranium mining and with geological conditions of the territory and characterizes the methods of extraction used - deep mining of uranium ore and chemical extraction by in-situ lixiviation. Attention is paid to the present organization structure of the uranium industry and to the work of the state firm DIAMO with regard to the elimination of impacts of uranium ore extraction and processing.
33
Kafka, Tomáš. "Uranium industry and Ralsko." Geografie 103, no. 3 (1998): 253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie1998103030253.
Full textAbstract:
The former Ralsko military training area is situated in close proximity to the region where uranium is mined. The paper deals with the history of uranium mining and with geological conditions of the territory and characterizes the methods of extraction used - deep mining of uranium ore and chemical extraction by in-situ leaching. Attention is paid to the present organization structure of the uranium industry and to the work of the state firm DIAMO with regard to the elimination of impacts of uranium ore extraction and processing.
34
Dietl, Carlo, Friederike Kelle, and Alexander von Oertzen. "Uranium mining – challenges and lessons to learn for nuclear disposal in view of participation and safety." Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal 2 (September 6, 2023): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sand-2-255-2023.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Uranium mining and milling is where the nuclear fuel chain starts. Nevertheless, it is the most disregarded part of this chain when thinking about resilience and safety, both in academic debates and in the process of resource extraction. This workshop aims at addressing this gap in addition to improving our understanding of the lessons we can learn for nuclear waste disposal. Uranium mining and milling is challenging when considering safety, from the first day a mine is in operation to the final day of land rehabilitation. During the operation of the mine and mill, the health of the miners is at risk and so is the well-being of the population living in the surrounding area of the mine and the ore-processing plant. Moreover, environmental issues such as pollution pose a risk during the entire lifetime of a mine. The remnants of mining activities can be regarded as long-term liabilities, since they must be monitored for many generations. Uranium mining and milling facilities are often situated on the land of indigenous people. Their rights to information and their participation in the decision-making processes regarding the mining operations, in addition to being informed about basic health outcomes, were and frequently continue to not be given, leading to injustices by mining companies and governmental authorities. Participation, however, is crucial for positive societal outcomes, such as avoiding the deepening of structural inequalities and the development of violent conflict, and for building trust – and thus also for security. This is not only true for operations at the beginning of the nuclear fuel chain but also for actions taken at the end (i.e., during the quest for the safest possible disposal site for nuclear waste). Based on insights from the processes of uranium extraction, we can draw conclusions about the site selection process of a final repository, specifically regarding licensing, operation and land rehabilitation processes. Bearing this in mind, it is worth having a detailed look at the beginning of the nuclear fuel chain as we move forward to resolve the issues we will face during the final stage of nuclear waste disposal. Learning in this context means looking closely at the processes during the licensing, operation, closure and rehabilitation of uranium mines and mills and drawing conclusions about the site selection process, in particular with respect to inclusion of the individual stakeholders and safety concepts. As a result, we can develop recommendations for the ongoing revision of the search process for a final repository for radioactive waste. Therefore, safety and participation issues are the focus of the uranium mining and milling workshop. The workshop will gather academics and practitioners from different fields in a transdisciplinary setting. We plan about five short inputs (up to 10 min each) based on some visualizations (slides, posters or similar), followed by a World Café related to the input talks and a concluding plenary discussion. The entire workshop will last about 2.5 h. The workshop is topped off by an excursion to the Wismut facilities in Ronneburg (Thüringen/Thuringia, Germany) on the Saturday after the conference. The field trip will be guided by Wismut GmbH, the Church Environmental Group Ronneburg and the local Miners' Association. This workshop will enhance the transdisciplinary capabilities of the participants with respect to the logic and externalities of uranium extraction, in addition to providing opportunities for exchange and networking. We aim to compose a publication format for the Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal platform, based on the contributions of all workshop participants.
35
Roy, Prodipto. "Degradation due to mining: The Piparwar Case Study and problems of estimating costs of degradation." Social Change 31, no. 1-2 (March 2001): 144–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004908570103100211.
Full textAbstract:
Mining has two broad side-effects which may be considered degrading to the environment. The first is the environmental effects of the change on the land-use from forest or cropland to degraded wasteland due to the improper dumping of overburden; and the second, which is partially linked to the first, is the displacement of whole villages comprised of families who have husbanded their crops and animals, and lived symbiotically with the forest for centuries if not millenia. This paper is concerned mainly with the first and only partially with the second as this is the subject of a separate paper. This paper outlines methods of estimation of the quantum of degradation caused by mining taking a long-term perspective of the last 50 (to 100) years and the next 50 years. The types of mines listed include a very wide variety including coal mines, bauxite mines, iron-ore mines, manganese, zinc, chromite, asbestos, granite, sandstone, copper, silver, gold and one uranium mine. Oil drilling maybe considered another form of mining or extracting fossil fuels. All these forms of extracting metals, non-metals, rocks, carbons, and hydro-carbons are included under the broad purview of'mining’. Secondary data will need to be obtained from various governmental departments on the numbers of mines which have been opened both before Independence and after in order to establish parameters. In addition data on families displaced, land acquired, land-use before and after will also be obtained. After making meaningful categories primary data on a parsimonious sample of each category and each type of mining (extraction) will be carried out to use as estimators of the parameters. The case study of the Piparar coal mine illustrates the difficulties and the inaccuracies that may be encountered when using average estimators. Notwithstanding these difficulties, on account of the fact that mining has been the cause for a great deal of the environmental degradation in India, it is important that fresh estimates should be made.
36
Kulemin, Yu E., V. I. Minina, M. Yu Sinitsky, Ya A. Savchenko, and V. P. Volobaev. "CONDITIONS OF THE CHROMOSOMAL DAMAGE IN COAL MINERS." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 5 (March 27, 2019): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-5-455-459.
Full textAbstract:
Working in coal mines, despite all achievements of modern science and technology, still remains among the most dangerous occupations to the health. The review of researches about the chromosomal damage in coal miners was performed. We searched information in the following databases - PubMed, http://www.sciencedirect.com and in the electronic library http://elibrary.ru with the use of the search strategy adopted in the Cochrane Collaboration. Inclusion criteria were: 1) randomized, controlled original researches; 2) researches performed in 1993-2016 where coal miners were the object of the study; 3) articles described chromosomal aberrations (CAs), micronuclei (MN), sister chromatid exchanges (SCE), DNA comets as biomarkers of the exposure. Exclusion criteria were other methods of the assessment of DNA damage; lack of data on the type of mines or coal mines/open-cast mines (uranium, tin, etc.); lack of access to the full text in Russian or English. As a result of the search 12 articles met selection criteria and showed a chromosomal damage in miners were selected. The results of researches performed in different countries (Russia, Turkey, Brazil, Colombia, Netherlands, Peru and India) demonstrate the increased frequency of chromosomal abnormalities in employees of coal mining industry. Damages are accumulated in cells of different types (buccal epithelium and lymphocytes) and can be detected by methods of the assessment of CAs, SCE, MN and DNA comet assay that indicating the complex basis of genotoxicants. The results of the analysis of the relationship between the cytogenetic markers, age and length of service are contradictory. The formation of occupational pulmonary diseases is accompanied by an additional induction of cytogenetic damage. In general, the analysis confirmed the high genotoxic risk of working conditions in underground as well as open-cast miners.
37
Verkhovsev, V., N. Semenyuk, O. Vaylo, A. Ganevich, D. Zadorozhnyi, and S. Meshcheriakov. "GEODYNAMICS OF URANIUM ORE FIELDS IN THE WESTERN PART OF THE INHUL MEGABLOK OF THE UKRAINIAN SHIELD." Geochemistry of Technogenesis 6, no. 34 (December 25, 2021): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/geotech2021.34.071.
Full textAbstract:
The Ingul megablock of the Ukrainian Shield contains a number of endogenous deposits of the sodium-uranium formation, which have been developed for more than 55-60 years. With the exception of the Kirovograd uranium ore region, the deposits of which are controlled by discontinuities in the fault zone of the same name, the Vatutinske and Novokostiantynivske ore fields occupy positions within the Novoukrainsky granite-gneiss dome and in close proximity to the later geostructural formation, the Korsun-Novomyrgorod pluton. Paying attention to the high degree of saturation of the Ingul megablock with endogenous uranium deposits, it is emphasized that they also contain an increased content of thorium minerals and, in combination with uranium, they produce ascending gas flows of radon. Therefore, studies of the dynamics of the upper horizons of the lithosphere and the closely related dynamics of the hydrosphere (underground and surface), as well as the gas sphere, are especially relevant both in the regions of uranium ore fields and in areas adjacent to mining enterprises. Beyond the direct influence on the radioecological situation of uranium mining enterprises, special attention should be paid to the study of the dynamics of the lithospheric surface, including fault-block structures and the kinematics of ruptures, affecting the spread of groundwater and, as a result, surface waters contaminated with uranium in the environment. In the areas of uranium ore fields, the kinematic characteristics of disjunctivals contribute to a more correct forecast of radon accumulation in natural weakly insulated underground decompressed structures and the accumulation of more long-lived products of its decay Po, Bi, and Pb with long periods of removal of biological objects from organisms. It is emphasized that in the mine workings of mining enterprises, the technological process is accompanied by nitrate pollution of groundwater due to the use of nitrate-based explosives. Thus, for the predictive assessment of radiation and nitrate pollution of the environment of industrial sites of mining enterprises and adjacent territories, the technological process of which also affects the dynamics of the litho-hydro- and gas sphere, the structural-geological, paleogeomorphological, lithological, hydrogeological, hydrographic and topographic features of the Vatutinske and Novokostiantynivske uranium ore fields. The directions of the advancement of the groundwater fronts from directly uranium mines to the nearest drains have been established. The levels of uranium pollution of surface and underground (well) waters within the Novokostiantynivske uranium ore field, as the most promising for increasing uranium mining in the coming decades, have been determined. The proposed areas and terms of complex radioecological monitoring of the Novokostiantynivske uranium ore field in order to take preventive measures to prevent the withdrawal of existing local recreational areas and water areas into the category of ecologically hazardous. On the example of the Novokostiantynivske uranium deposit, as one of the richest endogenous deposits in Ukraine, through the production shafts, which is planned to rise to the surface of uranium ore from the same type of deposits of the uranium ore field of the same name (Lisne, Litniy and Dokuchaivske) by transporting it by main drifts, the proposed optimal complex of geodynamic studies in the system of radio and general ecological monitoring of the state of the environment of such territories.
38
Воробьев, А. Е., and Г. А. Абдурахмонов. "Accumulated dumps and tailings of uranium mines in Kyrgyzstan and the possibilities of their utilization and reclamation." Горный журнал Казахстана, no. 3(191) (March 30, 2021): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.48498/minmag.2021.191.3.005.
Full textAbstract:
Представлен стартап утилизации и рекультивации отвалов и хвостохранилищ урановых рудников Кыргызстана. Детально рассмотрены минеральные радиоактивные отходы урановой горнодобывающей промышленности как по их размещению по территории Кыргызстана, так и по геоморфологическому виду накопленной геомассы, объемам, радиоактивности и, в отдельных случаях, – по минералогическому составу. Показано, что неконтролируемое хранение в отвалах и хвостохранилищах радиоактивных минеральных отходов зачастую приводит к авариям, возникающим под влиянием природных факторов (размыв атмосферными осадками, прорыв селями и т. д.) или воздействием антропогенной деятельности (разбор ограждений, выпас скота), обусловливающим поступление и рассеяние отходов в окружающей среде. Предложены базовые технологии переработки радиоактивных минеральных отходов горнодобывающих предприятий. A startup for utilization and reclamation of dumps and tailings of uranium mines in Kyrgyzstan is presented. Mineral radioactive wastes from the uranium mining industry of Kyrgyzstan are considered in detail, both in terms of their location on its territory, and in terms of the geomorphological type of accumulated geomass, volumes, its radioactivity and, in some cases, in terms of mineralogical composition. It has been shown that uncontrolled storage of radioactive mineral waste in dumps and tailings often leads to accidents arising under the influence of natural factors (erosion by atmospheric precipitation, mudflow breakthrough, etc.) or the impact of anthropogenic activities (dismantling of fences, grazing, etc.) causing the receipt and dispersal of waste in the environment. Basic technologies for processing radioactive mineral waste from mining enterprises are proposed.
39
Kelly-Reif, Kaitlin, Dale P. Sandler, David Shore, Mary Schubauer-Berigan, Melissa A. Troester, Leena Nylander-French, and David B. Richardson. "Mortality and cancer incidence among underground uranium miners in the Czech Republic 1977–1992." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, no. 8 (June 5, 2019): 511–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2018-105562.
Full textAbstract:
ObjectivesUranium miners in Příbram, Czech Republic were exposed to low and moderate levels of radon gas and other hazards. It is unknown whether these hazards increase the risk of mortality or cancer incidence when compared with the general Czech population.MethodsA cohort of 16 434 male underground miners employed underground for at least 1 year between 1946 and 1976, and alive and residing in the Czech Republic in 1977, were followed for mortality and cancer incidence through 1992. We compared observed deaths and cancer incidence to expectation based on Czech rates. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs), standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) and causal mortality ratios were calculated.ResultsUnderground workers in the Příbram mines had higher rates of death than expected due to all causes (SMR=1.23, 95% CI 1.20 to 1.27), all cancers (SMR=1.52, 95% CI 1.44 to 1.60), lung cancer (SMR=2.12, 95% CI 1.96 to 2.28) and extrathoracic cancer (SMR=1.41, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.77). Similar excess was observed in cancer incidence analyses, with the addition of stomach cancer (SIR=1.37, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.63), liver cancer (SIR=1.70, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.25) and rectal cancer (SIR=1.41, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.66). The SIR was elevated for all leukaemias (SIR=1.51, 95% CI 1.08 to 2.07) and for lymphatic and haematopoietic cancers combined (SIR=1.31, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.61), but results for specific subtypes were imprecise. Deaths due to hazardous mining conditions resulted in 0.33 person-years of life lost per miner.ConclusionsOccupational exposure to the Příbram mines resulted in excess cancers at several sites, including sites previously linked to radon and uranium exposure. Incidence analyses showed relative excess of several additional cancer subtypes.
40
Voronov, E., P. Avdeev, and V. Gerasimov. "RADIOECOLOGICAL SITUATION IN UNDERGROUND MINING WORKS OF URANIUM MINES AND WAYS OF ITS IMPROVEMENT." Transbaikal state university journal 25, no. 7 (2019): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/2227-9245-2019-25-7-27-33.
Full text
41
Kuzmin, E. V., A. V. Kalakutskiy, M. A. Tarasov, and A. A. Morozov. "Justification for Possibility to Dispose of Class 2 and 3 Radioactive Waste in Underground Space of Uranium Mines." Mining Industry (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 5/2020 (October 20, 2020): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2020-5-32-37.
Full textAbstract:
Intensive development of the nuclear power generation industry creates the issue of radioactive waste disposal (RAW), which has a negative impact on the environment. Development of uranium deposits using underground mines produces openings, e.g. workings and stopes that can be used as reservoirs for RAW storage. This requires a geomechanical assessment of the condition of mine workings and stopes, evaluation of their total volume, compliance with the requirements for the nuclear waste disposal sites, necessary preparation, as well as evaluation of the limits of existing mining technologies and equipment.
42
Walton-Day, Katherine, Johanna Blake, Robert Seal, Tanya Gallegos, Jean Dupree, and Kent Becher. "Geoenvironmental Model for Roll-Type Uranium Deposits in the Texas Gulf Coast." Minerals 12, no. 6 (June 20, 2022): 780. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12060780.
Full textAbstract:
Geoenvironmental models were formulated by the U.S. Geological Survey in the 1990s to describe potential environmental effects of extracting different types of ore deposits in different geologic and climatic regions. This paper presents a geoenvironmental model for roll-front (roll-type) uranium deposits in the Texas Coastal Plain. The model reviews descriptive and quantitative information derived from environmental studies and existing databases to depict existing conditions and potential environmental concerns associated with mining this deposit type. This geoenvironmental model describes how features of the deposits including host rock; ore and gangue mineralogy; geologic, hydrologic, and climatic settings; and mining methods (legacy open-pit and in situ recovery [ISR]) influence potential environmental effects from mining. Element concentrations in soil and water are compared to regulatory thresholds to depict ambient surface water and groundwater conditions. Although most open-pit operations in this region have been reclaimed, concerns remain about groundwater quality at three of the four former mills that supported former open-pit mines and are undergoing closure activities. The primary environmental concerns with ISR mining are (1) radon gas at active ISR operations, (2) radiation or contaminant leakage during production and transport of ISR resin or yellowcake, (3) uranium excursions into groundwater surrounding active ISR operations, and (4) contamination of groundwater after ISR mining. Although existing regulations attempt to address these concerns, some problems remain. Researchers suggest that reactive transport modeling and a better understanding of geology, stratigraphy, and geochemistry of ISR production areas could minimize excursions into surrounding aquifers and improve results of groundwater restoration.
43
Skipochka, Serhii, Oleksandr Krukovskyi, and Viktor Serhiienko. "The concept of risk-based technical solutions for the protection of ore and non-ore mine workings." Geo-Technical Mechanics, no. 164 (2023): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/geotm2023.164.079.
Full textAbstract:
The subject of the research presented in the article is the fastening and protection of mine workings for the extraction of ore and non-ore minerals for the construction industry. The purpose of the work is the development of the concept of risk-oriented technical and technological solutions for the protection of underground mine workings to dramatically increase the efficiency and safety of extraction of ore and non-ore minerals at deposits of a complex structure. The work uses the well-known mixed method of risk assessment, which assumes that underground mining production is accompanied by three main interrelated indicators: occupational safety of miners, environmental safety, and financial and economic risks. The method involves building a matrix of consequences and probabilities by ranking them. The technical-technological solutions for fastening and protection of workings of iron ore and uranium mines and underground enterprises for the extraction of non-metallic raw materials are analyzed. Their shortcomings are identified and the associated risks of operation and long-term preservation of underground enterprises are assessed. The concept of technical and technological solutions for improving the safety, environmental and economic performance of mines is proposed, which should be the basis of the new regulatory and technical documentation for the protection of workings. In particular, for ore mines, this concerns the transition to new technologies of anchorage, special conditions for lining junctions, introduction of bookmarks in particularly dangerous areas, control and reduction of water inflows. For mines producing non-metallic raw materials, the effectiveness of a complete transition from drilling and blasting technology to a mining machinermed one has been practically. If there are thick seams, it is recommended to work them out in separate layers, leaving a gap between them. It is advisable to divide the zones of geological disturbances into small areas, which are outlined with barrier pillars. Emphasis is placed on the mandatory implementation of comprehensive monitoring of the condition of the roof of the structures and their lining on the active and decommissioned areas. Depending on the degree of risk of collapse in large-scale mine workings and its impact on ground objects, the feasibility of using stowing is determined. Research results can be used to implement measures to improve miners' labor safety, environmental safety, and economic performance of ore and non-ore mines.
44
Stupnik, Mykola, Vsevolod Kalinichenko, Mykhailo Fedko, Olena Kalinichenko, and Mykhailo Hryshchenko. "The study of the stress-strain state of the massif in mining uranium at “VOSTGOK” deposits." E3S Web of Conferences 166 (2020): 03005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016603005.
Full textAbstract:
Being one of the world’s largest uranium producers(about 2% of the world’s production), the state enterprise “Vostochnyi Mining and Processing Works” (“VostGOK”) provides about 40% of Ukraine’s nuclear power stations with uranium raw materials. Considering the conditions of uranium deposits exploitation (location in densely populated areas, protected sites etc.), to protect the environment from possible emissions of radioactive elements room mining is applied with subsequent backfilling of the dead area with consolidating mixtures. This technology is economically reasonable at deposits with the increased uranium content. To exclude a number of labour-consuming and environmentally dangerous operations from the production process, lean uranium-containing ores are reasonable to be mined applying underground block leaching. This enables reaching maximum values of mineral extraction and avoiding considerable material expenditures on backfilling mixture preparation and backfilling dead rooms, as they are almost completely backfilled with the muck pile, and on utilization of waste after the mined ore primary processing (barren rocks and off-balance ores) on the daylight surface.
45
Zhang, Deqing, Ende Wang, Jinpeng Luan, and Xue Wang. "Simulation analysis of enhanced fluidization leaching process and geothermal synergy in deep ground metal mines." Thermal Science 28, no. 2 Part B (2024): 1219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci2402219z.
Full textAbstract:
Based on the mining of deep metal mineral resources and the current in-situ leaching mining process of uranium ore, combined with the technological characteristics of ?fluidized mining of metal ore? and ?deep geothermal development?, an innovative concept of strengthening the fluidized leaching process of deep metal ore - geothermal co mining is proposed, A numerical simulation method was used to analyze the turbulent flow and heat transfer characteristics of a new type of heat transfer enhancement element - a swirl plate as a support between tubes. The renormalization two equation turbulence model was used for numerical simulation, and the SIMPLEC algorithm was used for pressure and velocity coupling, and the enhanced wall treatment method was used for wall treatment. The periodic changes in the cross-sectional flow field and turbulence intensity of the unit flow channel were analyzed, as well as the synergistic relationship between the flow field and temperature field on the cross-section. The corresponding variation trends of the average Nusselt number and the average synergy angle of the cross-section were compared. The experimental results show that the 270-4.25 cyclone sheet can more fully utilize the enhanced heat transfer of the spin flow, and the overall average Nusselt number is higher than 180-2.0, which is consistent with the experimental results. That is, ?m is low where high Nub and ?m is high where low Nub is low, indicating that the changing trend of the two is fully consistent with the field synergy principle. This paper systematically analyzes the basic theoretical bottleneck, key technical problems and future development trend in the process of geothermal joint mining of deep metal mine, and aims to provide reference for the strengthening of geothermal joint mining and geothermal joint mining of deep metal ore.
46
Rustambayevna, Turayeva Sayyora. "About the Activity of "Fergana Rare Metal Mining Society"." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 8, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i3.2486.
Full textAbstract:
It was founded in 1908 in Central Asia, in particular in Fergana Valley, in the deposits "Tuya-Moyin" and "Jil Bulak", rare metals mining - in addition to copper, radioactive chemical elements such as uranium, vanadium, radium, provided information about “Fergana rare metal mining society”. The charter of the “Fergana rare metal mining society” was also analyzed. “Fergana rare metal mining society” was founded by railway engineer Sergei Egorovich Palashkovsky and mining engineer Kh.I. Antonovich. During the “Fergana rare metal mining society’s existence from 1908 to 1918, the “Fergana rare metal mining society” mined 820 tons of ore, out of which 655 tons were shipped to St. Petersburg and uranium and vanadium preparations were processed and exported to Germany. In the 70s and 80s of the XIX century - early XX century, foreign investment was widely attracted, especially in the field of copper mining. The article analyzes the fact that the deposits in Fergana are one of the first uranium deposits in the Russian colony and have their own advanced experience.
47
Przylibski, Tadeusz A. "Radon Research in Poland: A Review." Solid State Phenomena 238 (August 2015): 90–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.238.90.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents the most important results of radon research in Poland. Large-scale research, launched in this country in the early 1950s, was originally linked to using radon dissolved in groundwater in balneotherapy as well as to uranium ore exploration and mining. This early research focused on the area of the Sudetes and nowadays it is also south-western Poland where most radon research is being conducted. This is chiefly due to the geological structure of the Sudetes and the Fore-Sudetic block, which is propitious to radon accumulation in many environments. Radon research in Poland has been developing dynamically since the 1990s. A lot of research teams and centres have been formed, all of them using a variety of methods and advanced measurement equipment enabling research into radon occurrence in all geospheres and all spheres of human activity. The author presents the contribution of Polish science to broadening human knowledge of the geochemistry of radon, particularly of 222Rn isotope. The article also presents the ranges and mean values of 222Rn activity concentration measured in different environments in Poland including the atmospheric air, the air in buildings and underground hard-coal and copper mines, the cave air, the air in underground tourist sites and abandoned uranium mines, as well as soil air and groundwater.
48
Demers, Paul A., Colin Berriault, Avinash Ramkissoon, Minh T. Do, Nancy Lightfoot, Xiaoke Zeng, and Victoria Arrandale. "O6B.2 Cancer risk by ore type in a mixed miners cohort." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 76, Suppl 1 (April 2019): A53.2—A53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem-2019-epi.143.
Full textAbstract:
Background and objectivesMining may involve exposure to many carcinogens, including respirable crystalline silica (RSC), diesel engine exhaust (DEE), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), radon (Rn), and arsenic (As), which vary by ore being mined. The province of Ontario, Canada has a diverse mining sector with associated exposures including gold (RSC/DEE/As/Cr), uranium (RSC/DEE/Rn), and nickel-copper (DEE/Ni), and other ores (RSC/DEE). The study aim was to examine the risk of cancer by ore type in a mixed mining cohort.MethodsFrom 1928–1987 workers in the Ontario minerals industry were required to undergo an annual physical examination and chest x-ray, as well as record their mining work history in order to receive certification. Data from these exams was used to create the Mining Master File (MMF) cohort. Cancers were identified through linkage of the MMF with the Ontario Cancer Registry (1964–2017). Cancer risk among miners was compared to provincial rates using Standardized Incidence Ratios (SIR); internal analyses were conducted using Poisson regression.ResultsIndividuals who died or were lost before 1964, had missing or invalid data, or employment of less than two weeks were excluded. Too few women (n=161) were available for analysis. In total, 61 397 men were included in the analysis. Gold miners had excesses of lung (SIR=1.30, 95%CI=1.23–1.38) and nasopharyngeal cancer (SIR=2.34, 95%CI=1.39–3.70). Uranium miners had excesses of lung (SIR=1.57, 95%CI=1.45–1.70), bladder (SIR=1.20, 95%CI=1.02–1.40), and bone (SIR=2.45, 95%CI=1.30–4.19) cancers. Nickel-copper miners had excesses of lung (SIR=1.13, 95%CI=1.08–1.19), bone (SIR=2.02, 95%CI=1.32–2.96), and sinonasal cancer (SIR=1.73, 95%CI=1.12–2.56).ConclusionsIncreased risks for specific cancers were observed among people who mined many different ore types. Most of the associations were as expected, but several (e.g., bone cancers) will undergo further investigation. Future analyses will examine the impact of combined exposures among miners of multiple ore types.
49
Oryngozha Ye.Ye.,, Vorobiev A.Ye.,, Zhangalieva M.,, and Uteshev I. Zh.,. "STUDY OF MINING-GEOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF URANIUM DEPOSITS OF KAZAKHSTAN FOR DEVELOPMENT BY UNDERGROUND WELL LEACHING." NEWS of National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan 5, no. 443 (October 15, 2020): 156–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32014/2020.2518-170x.116.
Full textAbstract:
Existing traditional uranium mining technologies have major drawbacks, do not meet the requirements of a market economy, are ineffective, require the use of a large number of expensive injection and pumping wells, low leaching rates, require a large consumption of chemical reagent, sulfuric acid (to produce 1 ton of uranium concentrate requires a flow of 100 tons sulfuric acid). Here, a productive solution refers to a chemical solution containing the concentration of the leached therein of various useful components (metals), including uranium, dissolved therein. In the practice of exploitation of hydrogenous uranium deposits, the arrangement of technological wells has been adopted: linear (or in-line), areal (or cellular) and combined. Our proposed innovative technology for the exploitation of hydrogenous uranium deposits will be developed on the principle of piston wells using the effect of activation of a chemical solution supplied to the array of a hydrogenated uranium layer for leaching and other useful components. In the process of activation, the chemical solution is heated to t = 70 ° C, the water in the solution becomes a good solvent. Pumping wells are used as piston wells without changing the design, i.e. pumping wells are also used as injection wells. This article presents the mining and geological characteristics of technogenic uranium deposits in Kazakhstan. The basis of the raw material base of Kazakhstan's uranium is exogenous type deposits, combined into a subgroup called “infiltration”. Uranium infiltration deposits are formed by groundwater associated with regional formation zones and zones of soil-layer oxidation. The development and implementation of the method of underground well leaching of uranium (UWL) is one of the most important scientific and technical achievements of the mining industry. The main advantages of the underground leaching method compared to traditional mining methods of developing deposits are as follows: the possibility of involving poor and off-balance ores in deposits with complex geological and hydrogeological conditions, but with large reserves of uranium; Significant reduction in capital investments and terms of commissioning deposits; improving working conditions, reducing the number of miners and increasing labor productivity by 2.5-3.5 times; reducing the negative impact of uranium mining on the environ-ment.
50
Shevchuk, O. M. "Medical and statistical analysis of the structure of cancer population in cities of industrial uranium extraction." Environment & Health, no. 3 (104) (September 2022): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.32402/dovkil2022.03.062.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: The aim of work is to study the structure of cancer morbidity in the population of Ukraine living in cities of industrial uranium mining. Materials and methods: Kropyvnytskyi and Kirovohrad oblasts were selected as the scientific basis of the research. Kropyvnytskyi produces uranium raw materials, which are transported to Zhovti Vody, the only city in Ukraine where primary uranium enrichment is carried out. The data of cancer morbidity observations with using materials of the regional center of medical statistics, reports of Kirovohrad regional oncology dispensary, materials «Comprehensive Environmental Protection Program in Kirovohrad region for 2016-2020 years» were used to analyze the environmental and radiation situation. Results: Studies have shown that the concentration of radon in the air of residential buildings, especially one-story, often exceeds the permissible level set for uranium miners. Uranium is also no less harmful to the human body. Enterprises extract uranium ore, carry out its primary processing, and its mines pass simply under residential areas. Radon dissolves quickly in the air, but accumulates in closed, basement areas. Thus, it was found that the main dose a person receives in the premises where the city dweller spends 80% of his time. The content of radon in the indoor air is determined by the specifics of the geological structure of the area, the location on its territory of rock massifs with high uranium content. Conclusions: The analysis of Kirovohrad region’s characteristics shows the effects of radiation in the cancer’s structure. Analyzing the indicators of the Kirovohrad region, we can see the effects of radiation in the structure of the cancer. A large number of houses in Kropyvnytskyi are built of building materials, which include granite with high content of radon and uranium, which negatively affects the health of residents of the city and region. Kropyvnytskyi is one of the three cities in Ukraine with the highest cancer mortality rate. One of the reasons is radon, a colorless, odorless and tasteless gas that is released from faults in the earth's crust and has a significant effect on the appearance of cancerous tumors.