Journal articles: 'Upstream work'

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Sage, William M., and Kelley McIlhattan. "Upstream Health Law." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 42, no. 4 (2014): 535–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12174.

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Medicine and health are surprisingly separate. In the introduction to his 1963 master work on medical economics, Kenneth Arrow acknowledged that “the subject is the medical-care industry, not health.” In the 50 years that followed, researchers, policymakers, and public health professionals generated valuable and varied insights into health, impacting both behaviors and environments while addressing social determinants and demographic trends. Yet medical care has followed an even steeper upward trajectory, growing rapidly in scientific precision, public esteem, and technical sophistication. As a result, the economic gap between the two domains has widened. The U.S. health care system spends almost $3 trillion annually. Preventive screening and early intervention bridge medical care and health, as do nutrition, behavioral health, aging, and a few other fields. But the money is overwhelmingly in medical care, particularly rescue care for those with acute illnesses or serious (and typically preventable) complications of chronic disease.

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Ullman, Gerald L. "Queuing and Natural Diversion at Short-Term Freeway Work Zone Lane Closures." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1529, no. 1 (January 1996): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196152900103.

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Research conducted to explore the effects of natural diversion on traffic conditions and travel patterns upstream of temporary work zone lane closures on high-volume urban freeways in Texas is described. Specific objectives were to explore how natural diversion affects traffic volumes at the exit and entrance ramps upstream of the lane closures and the interrelationships between the freeway and frontage road operating conditions that develop at a closure and the amount of natural diversion that occurs. The field studies showed that the rate of queue growth upstream of the short-term lane closures diminished significantly after the first hour at each site. Eventually, the queues approached a balanced state in which the upstream end of the queue became almost stationary. This stabilization was due to significant reductions in entrance ramp volumes both upstream of the freeway queue and within the limits of queuing, as well as to changes in exit ramp volumes within the queue. As a result of these ramp volume changes the constrained flow rate within the queue increased as a function of the distance upstream of the actual lane closure. Using the theory of shock waves in a traffic stream it was shown that the changes in ramp volumes and resulting impact on constrained freeway flow rates within the queue were consistent with the queue stabilization process observed at each site.

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Loomis, D. "Long work hours and occupational injuries: new evidence on upstream causes." Occupational and Environmental Medicine 62, no. 9 (September 1, 2005): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.2005.021014.

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Reed, Sarah, Ethan J. Evans, and Nancy Hooyman. "Social Work: Leading the Move Upstream to Improve the Nation’s Health." Health & Social Work 45, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 77–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hsw/hlaa006.

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Bianchini, Sebastian, Alejandro Lage, Theo Siu, Troy Shinbrot, and Ernesto Altshuler. "Upstream contamination by floating particles." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 469, no. 2157 (September 8, 2013): 20130067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2013.0067.

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It has been known at least since the work of Reynolds and Marangoni in the 1880s that floating particulates strongly affect water surface behaviour, and research involving particle–fluid interactions continues in modern applications ranging from microfluidics and cellular morphogenesis to colloidal dynamics and self-assembly. Here, we report and analyse an unexpected result from a simple experiment: clean water is discharged along an inclined channel into a lower container contaminated with floating particles. Surprisingly, the floating particles are transported both up a waterfall as long as 1 cm, and upstream in channels to lengths of at least several metres. We confirm through experiments and simulations that this upstream contamination is paradoxically driven by the downstream flow of clean water, which establishes a surface tension gradient that sustains the particulate motion. We also show that contamination may occur in practical applications, such as the discharge of a standard pipette or simulated release of waste into larger scale channels.

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Harris, Patrick, Fiona Haigh, Peter Sainsbury, and Marilyn Wise. "Influencing land use planning: making the most of opportunities to work upstream." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 36, no. 1 (February 2012): 5–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1753-6405.2012.00822.x.

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Sone, Yuji. "Hiroshi Ishiguro: Android science and 'upstream engagement'." Journal of Science & Popular Culture 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jspc_00010_1.

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Abstract This article discusses Hiroshi Ishiguro, a Japanese celebrity roboticist internationally acclaimed for his creation of androids. While his anthropomorphic machines are intended as models for future human-like robots, participating in work and domestic contexts, Ishiguro also regards them as experimental tools for investigations into questions of human identity. Beyond engineering challenges, he is not afraid to ask philosophical questions, such as 'what is the human?' Ishiguro has even had facial plastic surgery to match the appearance of his robot double, Geminoid HI-1. He has been described as the bad boy of Japanese robotics, an eccentric genius who is recognized as such in Japan, and overseas. While Ishiguro conducts scientific experiments, he has also deployed his anthropomorphic robots in popular entertainment contexts such as film, television, theatre and in museum exhibitions. Although Ishiguro's androids have almost always been included in mainstream western journalism's coverage concerning the development of next-generation robots in Japan, his anthropomorphic machines are often shown along with a photo of Ishiguro in his trademark black clothing, and described as 'freaky' and 'creepy'. I argue that Ishiguro's presentation feeds the western fascination with Japanese robot technology. This article examines the relationship between Ishiguro's larger-than-life public persona and his philosophy concerning his work as a kind of storytelling and upstream engagement in the context of robotic science.

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Shaaban, Khaled, Muhammad Asif Khan, and Ridha Hamila. "Effect of Distance between Ramp and Upstream Signal on Ramp Meter Operation." International Journal of Traffic and Transportation Management 02, no. 02 (October 10, 2020): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5383/jttm.02.02.006.

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Ramp metering is typically proposed as a responsive strategy that takes freeway traffic parameters as control inputs to the ramp control logic. Such a strategy can be implemented in two ways; isolated ramp control or coordinated ramp control. Coordinated ramp control typically involves the cooperation between several ramp meters connected to a freeway segment to manage traffic on the freeway and traffic all ramps. Few studies also proposed the coordination between the on-ramp and the upstream traffic signal. Such coordination can help to mitigate congestion on the freeway and to avoid queue formation at the on-ramp. In this study, the authors' previous work on ramp metering and upstream signal coordination was extended to further evaluate the performance of such schemes by considering the impact of the distance between the upstream traffic signal and freeway. Extensive simulations in SUMO were performed to evaluate the benefit of the proposed coordinated strategy and the impact of ramp distance on the effectiveness of such coordination.

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Mekker, Michelle M., Stephen M. Remias, Wayne A. Bunnell, Drake W. Krohn, Edward D. Cox, and Darcy M. Bullock. "Variable Speed Limit Study Upstream of an Indiana Work Zone with Vehicle Matching." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2555, no. 1 (January 2016): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2555-07.

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Wang, Chunyan, Karen K. Dixon, and David Jared. "Evaluating Speed-Reduction Strategies for Highway Work Zones." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1824, no. 1 (January 2003): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1824-06.

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Research was conducted to identify the potential of fluorescent orange sheeting, innovative message signs, and changeable message signs with radar for reducing speeds in highway work zones. The study investigated the effect of each strategy immediately after implementation (immediate effect) as well as several weeks after implementation (novelty effect). In addition to the overall effect of each strategy on all vehicles, the study included the effect on specific vehicle types during various lighting conditions. The researchers collected traffic data before, immediately after, and 2 or 3 weeks after implementation of each strategy (3 consecutive weeks for the changeable message sign). They collected data upstream of the temporary traffic-control zone, in the advancewarning area, and adjacent to the active work area. The researchers used various statistical tests to evaluate the significance of speed changes from phase to phase and adjusted vehicle speeds with the upstream speed changes over time. The study indicated that fluorescent orange sheeting and innovative message signs help reduce speeds at highway work zones (with diminished influence over time). Moreover, both strategies influence vehicle speeds more during the day than at night. Drivers of passenger vehicles tended to decrease their speeds more than did truck drivers. Changeable message signs with radar significantly reduced the vehicle speeds in the immediate vicinity of the sign and did not demonstrate a novelty effect.

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Munir, Muhammad. "Empirical Study of Work Efficiency in Upstream Oil and Gas Industry of State Company." International Journal of Advanced Trends in Computer Science and Engineering 9, no. 2 (April 25, 2020): 1499–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.30534/ijatcse/2020/91922020.

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Skår, Olav, Mariana Carvalho, Wendy Poore, and Kirsty Walker. "From global upstream safety data to action." APPEA Journal 60, no. 2 (2020): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj19074.

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The International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (IOGP) is a global forum in which member companies identify and share best practices to achieve improvements in many areas, including upstream process safety. IOGP members encompass oil and gas companies, industry associations as well as major upstream service companies; collectively, members produce 40% of the world’s oil and gas. These member companies voluntarily report their annual safety data, which are used to compile an annual report on safety performance indicators. IOGP work groups use these data to identify industry-wide learning to enable an industry vision of no fatalities. This paper describes the trends and lessons learned from the most recent data received. The IOGP safety performance indicator dataset is the largest database of its kind in the upstream oil and gas industry, allowing the ability to analyse trends and learning from fatal incidents on an industry-wide basis. Having this large database of information and standardised reporting of fatality data by activity, category, Life-Saving Rule and causal factors allows trending and analysis on a scale that is not possible for any individual member company. The present paper provides an update on the upstream industry safety performance from the past 5 years of data collected, and discusses how this has led to Project Safira: eliminating fatalities in the upstream industry.

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Cheng, Guozhu, and Rui Cheng. "Optimizing Speed Limits Upstream of Freeway Reconstruction and Expansion Work Zones Based on Driver Characteristics." Journal of Transportation Engineering, Part A: Systems 146, no. 7 (July 2020): 04020066. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/jtepbs.0000389.

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Xie, Yong Hui, Huan Cheng Qu, and Hai Yu He. "Effect of Unsteady Wake on Flow Control of the Low-Pressure High-Lift Cascade with Synthetic Jet." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 1790–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.1790.

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The flow separation is susceptible to appear and is known to affect the aerodynamic performance of the low-pressure high-lift cascade. Large Eddy Simulation was adopted in the present work and the periodic moving bar was employed to simulate the unsteady wake upstream of the blade. The flow control of the synthetic jet with unsteady wake was investigated in detail. The upstream wake increased the turbulent level of the boundary layer of the cascade. The synthetic jet got a better control under the effect of the upstream wake.

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Ullman, Gerald L., and Conrad L. Dudek. "Theoretical Approach to Predicting Traffic Queues at Short-Term Work Zones on High-Volume Roadways in Urban Areas." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1824, no. 1 (January 2003): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1824-04.

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A new theoretical approach is described that more accurately predicts the length of queues that will develop when one or more lanes are closed for short-term freeway road work in an urban area. A model was developed that represents the interactions between diversion and traffic queuing on the freeway. The model is based on macroscopic fluid-flow analogies of traffic and a new perspective of the freeway corridor as a section of permeable pipe. Historical traffic volumes on the roadway serve as the primary data input into the model. Unlike other work zone analysis methods, the model presents a rational representation of how traffic queues stabilize upstream of temporary work zone bottlenecks in urban areas. The model can be calibrated to reasonably represent the magnitude of traffic queues developing upstream of actual work zone lane closures on urban freeways in Texas.

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Yan, Jiao, Chi Zhang, Meng Hua Ding, and Yi Chang James Tsai. "An Evaluation of Highway Work Zone Impact Factors on Driving Safety Using Complicated Indexes Based on Traffic Simulation System." Advanced Materials Research 723 (August 2013): 943–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.723.943.

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There are quite a number of complicated factors that can affect driving safety on freeway work zone during reconstruction, for example, traffic volume, driver compliance rate (which means drivers who follow the posted speed limit), slope gradient, HGV rate and so on. This article uses the popular traffic simulation software VISSIM to simulate different situations. The results show that the safety of Upstream Transition Area and the place where speed limit signs locate are the lowest. It is recommended that speed limit signs should not be located that much, and cars and HGVs need to be more careful when merging into the Upstream Transition Area, and lower their speeds if necessary. Most important, compliance rate plays an important role in safety measures, and this provides a solid foundation for traffic control and management.

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Samvelyan, Arbak, Grigor Gabayan, and Sargis Nurijanyan. "Design Problems of Fish Passes at Water Level Fluctuation at Upstream of Intake Structure." Advanced Materials Research 1020 (October 2014): 807–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1020.807.

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During recent years small hydropower sector is being rapidly developed, especially in the mountainous countries with extensive network of small rivers. Investigation of many fish passes built on water intakes in some CIS countries, have shown that they usually do not work effectively. Normative documents regulating work of fish passes, usually developed for a constant water level in the upstream of intake structures. That is why even water level minor fluctuations at upstream, disrupt of hydraulic regime of the fish pass stream, which prevents the fish migration. The article provides performance of fish passes at a constant velocity in the fish pass stream regardless of water level fluctuations in the upstream. For this purpose it is recommended to construct the walls of fish pass stream with a variable roughness. The equation derived, describing the dependence of the relative roughness of the walls of a rectangular stream from the water level in it. A calculation algorithm for the design of the fish pass provided.

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Hamza, Naseer. "Analysis of work of two-shaft gas turbine with water injection in upstream of the compressor." University News. North-Caucasian Region. Technical Sciences Series, no. 1 (March 2015): 138–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17213/0321-2653-2015-1-138-139.

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Schulman, Joseph. "“Thinking Upstream” to Evaluate and to Improve the Daily Work of the Newborn Intensive Care Unit." Journal of Perinatology 21, no. 5 (August 2001): 307–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jp.7200528.

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Bichell, David P. "An implantable turbomechanical cavopulmonary assist device: Guarded optimism for harnessing the river to do upstream work." Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 156, no. 1 (July 2018): 302–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.03.052.

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Norsworthy, Kathryn L., and Duanghathai (Nuch) Buranajaroenkij. "Crossing Borders, Building Bridges, and Swimming Upstream: Feminist Liberatory Work within South Thailand Communities in Conflict." Women & Therapy 34, no. 3 (July 2011): 242–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02703149.2011.580666.

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Rached, Mansour. "Genetic Algorithm to Evaluate Downstream and Upstream Information Sharing." Current Signal Transduction Therapy 15, no. 1 (July 31, 2020): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574362413666180830105740.

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Background: In this paper, we present an approach to evaluate the information sharing in the supply chain. Materials and Methods: We propose a study of four scenarios of sharing upstream and downstream information simultaneously. Replenishment lead time is the upstream information studied in this work and demand information is the downstream one. We treat in this context the case of two-echelon (a warehouse and several retailers) and multi-products supply chain. Results: We focus our approach on the centralised decision, in which, the warehouse is the decision maker and his goal is to minimise the system cost independently. In our formulation, we consider a system cost composed of holding, ordering, penalty and transportation costs. Then, we use a Genetic Algorithm in order to approximate the optimal echelon inventory position at the warehouse and optimal allocation quantity of each item from the warehouse to the respective retailer, which minimises the system cost. Conclusion: Our approach is illustrated by some numerical experiments.

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Beggs, J. M. "Research for the Upstream Petroleum Sector: The Crown Research Institute Concept." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 13, no. 2-3 (May 1995): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598795013002-313.

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New Zealand's scientific institutions have been restructured so as to be more responsive to the needs of the economy. Exploration for and development of oil and gas resources depend heavily on the geological sciences. In New Zealand, these activities are favoured by a comprehensive, open-file database of the results of previous work, and by a historically publicly funded, in-depth knowledge base of the extensive sedimentary basins. This expertise is now only partially funded by government research contracts, and increasingly undertakes contract work in a range of scientific services to the upstream petroleum sector, both in New Zealand and overseas. By aligning government-funded research programmes with the industry's knowledge needs, there is maximum advantage in improving the understanding of the occurrence of oil and gas resources. A Crown Research Institute can serve as an interface between advances in fundamental geological sciences, and the practical needs of the industry. Current publicly funded programmes of the Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences include a series of regional basin studies, nearing completion; and multi-disciplinary team studies related to the various elements of the petroleum systems of New Zealand: source rocks and their maturation, migration and entrapment as a function of basin structure and tectonics, and the distribution and configuration of reservoir systems.

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Sibari, Hayat, Souad Haida, and Mohamed Foutlane. "Estimation of Particle Material And Dissolved Flows During Floods In The Inaouene Watershed. (Northeast Of Morocco)." E3S Web of Conferences 37 (2018): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183704004.

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This work aims to estimate the contributions of the Inaouene River during the floods. It is in this context that the dissolved and particulate matter flows were measured during the flood periods followed by the 1996/97 study year at the two hydrological stations Bab Marzouka (upstream) and El Kouchat (downstream). The specific flows of dissolved materials calculated upstream and downstream of the Inaouene watershed correspond respectively to 257 t/ km2/year and 117 t/ km2/year. Chlorides represent 30% and 41% respectively of the total dissolved transport upstream and downstream. The potential mechanical degradation affecting the Inaouene watershed can deliver a solid load estimated at 6.106 t/year corresponding to a specific flow of 2142 t/km2/year.

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Ning, Lei, Shu Hui Xu, Ling Fei Cui, and Chang Liu. "Numerical Study on Fire Smoke Preventing and Exhausting of Underground Highway Tunnel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 501-504 (January 2014): 1662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.501-504.1662.

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Underground highway is an effective measure to ease the traffic pressure. However, fire in underground highway is of great danger. This work investigated the instantaneous velocity field, gas field and temperature field distribution of the underground highway in case of fire theoretically. The smoke field and temperature field distribution was determined at the safe altitude. The expression of the critical flow velocity in the previous work was verified. The optimal escape time in the fire upstream and downstream is 30s and 90s, respectively. The optimal escape distance in the fire upstream and downstream is 35m and 200m, respectively. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text.

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Liu, Jin Fu, Yu Cai, Wei Liu, Hai Yan Duan, Xian En Wang, and De Ming Dong. "Study on Calculations of Pollutant Adjustment Concentrations at Monitoring Sections in Water Function Zones under the Scene of Overproof Upstream Water." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 3497–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3497.

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In 2011 the pollution receiving capacity red-line policy in No.1 document of central government made new request on up-to-standard assessments of water function zones. As the key and difficulty work in practice, overproof upstream water normally leads to unfair assessment results of downstream water function zones. In this paper, for calculating pollutant adjustment concentrations to avoid overproof upstream water effects at sections in downstream water function zones, downstream situations are classified according to influences from upstream branches, upstream sewage outlets, or whether in flood season. Equations based on one-dimensional water quality model and pollutant input-response model were put forward to deal with these situations even though downstream sections are not monitored. Calculations above included pollutant decay process, pollutant input-response relation and non-point source pollution. The results show that equations could be used in up-to-standard assessments of water function zones and support water resources management well.

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Jia, Ning, Xin Dong, and Yi Liu. "Modeling water quality to determine a safe distance between cities: a case study in China." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 69, no. 8 (December 1, 2020): 833–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2020.057.

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Abstract Both the distance between the upstream and downstream cities and the capacity of urban water infrastructure would affect the water safety of the cities in the catchment. In this work, the concept of safe distance for urban growth was proposed. If the water quality between the upstream and the downstream cities can meet the functional requirements of the water environment, then the distance between the upstream and the downstream cities is safe. Taking two neighboring cities in the Yangtze River catchment as a case study, a distributed Cellular Automata (CA) model and a backpropagation (BP) neural network water quality model were used to discuss the safety distance between the two cities. The results provided some decision-making on urban sprawl control and rational urban development.

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Liang, Zhiming, Gao Fengxian, Zhang Hairong, Ren Yufeng, and Xiao Yao. "Research on the impact of upstream reservoirs regulation on the operation of Xiluodu Reservoir." MATEC Web of Conferences 246 (2018): 01101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201824601101.

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In order to explore the influence of reservoirs regulation in the upper basin of Xiluodu Reservoir, 11 key reservoirs in the upper reaches of Xiluodu Reservoir are studied. Based on the analysis of its overall regulation performance, the data of upstream reservoir group from 2006 to 2016 is used to analyze the impact of the upstream reservoir group. By dividing scheduling period of Xiluodu Reservoir into different stages, the impact of each stage and the proportion of impacts of each river basin is analyzed, the degree of impact of each basin is clarified. The results reveals that the upstream reservoir group storage accounts for about 20% of the inflow of Xiluodu Reservoir, which can contribute to the actual dispatching work of Xiluodu Reservoir.

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Kettil, Gustav, Andreas Mark, Kenneth Wester, Mats Fredlund, and Fredrik Edelvik. "Numerical investigation of upstream cylinder flow and characterization of forming fabrics." Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal 34, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 371–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2018-0072.

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Abstract In this work, the fundamentals of upstream flow over cylinders and forming fabrics are investigated, and measures for characterization of fabrics are proposed. Two-dimensional flow over one cylinder, two cylinders, and one and two rows of cylinders, are analysed numerically. By studying different configurations and various Reynolds numbers, the upstream flow features are characterized. It is concluded that cylinders have a short range of upstream flow impact, shortest for rows of cylinders with small spacings. For Re\in [10,80], the Reynolds number dependency is weak. It is shown that a downstream row positioned in tandem has negligible impact on the upstream flow, while a displaced second row influences the upstream flow if the spacing in the first row is larger than one diameter. The pressure drop required to drive the flow over the cylinders depends non-linearly on the porosity of the configuration. Flow measures of the upstream flow are proposed, which in addition to the volume flow per area are used to characterize fabric flow properties. The conclusions from the cylinder study also hold for industrial fabrics, and it can be explained how properties of the fabric influence the final paper. The wave-length of flow periodicity is studied in relation to drainage marking. This study demonstrates that simulations can greatly improve pure experimental-based fabric characterization.

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Seino, Yurie, Tomoko Takahashi, and Yukako Hihara. "The Response Regulator RpaB Binds to the Upstream Element of Photosystem I Genes To Work for Positive Regulation under Low-Light Conditions in Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 5 (December 12, 2008): 1581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01588-08.

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ABSTRACT The coordinated high-light response of genes encoding subunits of photosystem I (PSI) is achieved by the AT-rich region located just upstream of the core promoter in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803. The upstream element enhances the basal promoter activity under low-light conditions, whereas this positive regulation is lost immediately after the shift to high-light conditions. In this study, we focused on a high-light regulatory 1 (HLR1) sequence included in the upstream element of every PSI gene examined. A gel mobility shift assay revealed that a response regulator RpaB binds to the HLR1 sequence in PSI promoters. Base substitution in the HLR1 sequence or decrease in copy number of the rpaB gene resulted in decrease in the promoter activity of PSI genes under low-light conditions. These observations suggest that RpaB acts as a transcriptional activator for PSI genes. It is likely that RpaB binds to the HLR1 sequence under low-light conditions and works for positive regulation of PSI genes and for negative regulation of high-light-inducible genes depending on the location of the HLR1 sequence within target promoters.

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Manshoor, Bukhari, Mohd Fahmi Othman, Izzuddin Zaman, Zamani Ngali, and Amir Khalid. "Experimental Study of Various Porosity of Fractal Flow Conditioner for Orifice Plate Flowmeters." Applied Mechanics and Materials 699 (November 2014): 915–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.699.915.

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The plant industry is required to measure flow rate more accurately to meet plant operation and cost accounting objectives. The opposing concern of improving flow meter accuracy is resolved by using flow conditioners. The distance of implementation of flow conditioner upstream of the orifice plate flowmeter is also need to be addressed. Hence, in present study, an analysis of the porosity of fractal flow conditioner towards orifice plate flowmeter’s accuracy and the best distance of fractal flow conditioner upstream of the orifice plate flowmeter was determined. In an experimental work, a different porosity of the fractal flow conditioners were installed with different distance upstream of the orifice plate in conjunction with the different disturbances to assess the effects of these devices on the measurement of the mass flow rate. Data gained for all the plates showed that there is increment of pressure drop and change in discharge coefficient of the orifice with lower β value of fractal flow conditioner. Good comparisons with the previous experimental work demonstrate the fractal flow conditioner can preserve the accuracy of metering up to the level required in the standards.

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Zhang, Liang, Wen Bing Lu, Ying Li Luo, Min Chen, and Chong Zhang. "Develop of Master Station Facility Based on the Distributed Structure of the Oil with TWACS Well Remote Monitoring System." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 1437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.1437.

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Based on the needs of TWACS (two way automatic communications system) the technical mechanism and digitize oilfield construction, this article designed and implemented a TWACS master facility which based on the work of the distributed structure to Meet well remote monitoring and management. Each 10KV line set DSP as the upstream demodulation unit platform in the master facility, which TWACS can detect the upstream signal from the 10KV line at the same time. Its feature has proved by field trials of the oilfield distribution network, and greatly improved efficiency of well remote monitoring.

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Gill, Randall F., Michael J. McCabe, and Allen J. Rosenspire. "Elements of the B Cell Signalosome Are Differentially Affected by Mercury Intoxication." Autoimmune Diseases 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/239358.

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It has been suggested that environmental exposures to mercury contribute to autoimmune disease. Disruption of BCR signaling is associated with failure of central tolerance and autoimmunity, and we have previously shown that low levels of Hg2+interfere with BCR signaling. In this report we have employed multiparametric phosphoflow cytometry, as well as a novel generalization of the Overton algorithm from one- to two-dimensional unimodal distributions to simultaneously monitor the effect of low level Hg2+intoxication on activation of ERK and several upstream elements of the BCR signaling pathway in WEHI-231 B cells. We have found that, after exposure to low levels of Hg2+, only about a third of the cells are sensitive to the metal. For those cells which are sensitive, we confirm our earlier work that activation of ERK is attenuated but now report that Hg2+has little upstream effect on the Btk tyrosine kinase. On the other hand, we find that signaling upstream through the Syk tyrosine kinase is actually augmented, as is upstream activation of the B cell signalosome scaffolding protein BLNK.

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CHRONÉER, DIANA. "HAVE PROCESS INDUSTRIES SHIFTED THEIR CENTRE OF GRAVITY DURING THE 90s?" International Journal of Innovation Management 07, no. 01 (March 2003): 95–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919603000751.

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Product development is often seen as a main tool for competitiveness in organizations. In process industries, like steel and paper, process and product development are seen as an integrated part. Product development has often been the result of a process development. Heavy investments and costly production give process a priority role in product development. The role of customers and suppliers in development work has increased for process-based companies. This change will have implication on how to organize and manage development in the traditional upstream companies. Therefore, this article presents results that show some of the implications of the changed situation for Swedish process-based companies. The article also emphasizes that there are indications of a shift of traditional upstream companies' centre of gravity due to the changed perspective in development work, towards customer focus.

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Jiang, An-Li, Peng-Ju Zhang, Xiao-Yan Hu, Wei-Wen Chen, Feng Kong, Zhi-Fang Liu, Hui-Qing Yuan, and Jian-Ye Zhang. "Identification of a Positive Cis-Element Upstream of Human NKX3.1 Gene." Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 37, no. 11 (November 1, 2005): 773–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7270.2005.00104.x.

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Abstract NKX3.1 is a prostate-specific homeobox gene related to prostate development and prostate cancer. In this work, we aimed to identify precisely the functional cis-element in the 197 bp region (from −1032 to −836 bp) of the NKX3.1 promoter (from −1032 to +8 bp), which was previously identified to present positive regulatory activity on NKX3.1 expression, by deletion mutagenesis analysis and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). A 16 bp positive cis-element located between −920 and −905 bp upstream of the NKX3.1 gene was identified by deletion mutation analysis and proved to be a functional positive cis-element by EMSA. It will be important to further study the functions and regulatory mechanisms of this positive cis-element in NKX3.1 gene expression.

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Gautier, N., and J. L. Aider. "Feed-forward control of a perturbed backward-facing step flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 759 (October 22, 2014): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.518.

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AbstractClosed-loop control of an amplifier flow is experimentally investigated. A feed-forward algorithm is implemented to control the flow downstream of a backward-facing step (BFS) perturbed by upstream perturbations. Upstream and downstream data are extracted from real-time velocity fields to compute an ARMAX model used to effect actuation. This work, done at Reynolds number 430, investigates the practical feasibility of this approach which has shown great promise in a recent numerical study by Hervé et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 702, 2012, pp. 26–58). The linear nature of the regime is checked, two-dimensional upstream perturbations are introduced, and the degree to which the flow can be controlled is quantified. The resulting actuation is able to effectively reduce downstream energy levels and fluctuations. The limitations and difficulties of applying such an approach to an experiment are also discussed.

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Postacchini, Matteo, Lorenzo Melito, Alex Sheremet, Joseph Calantoni, Giovanna Darvini, Sara Corvaro, Francesco Memmola, Pierluigi Penna, and Maurizio Brocchini. "Upstream Propagating Long-Wave Modes at a Microtidal River Mouth." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2, no. 1 (August 11, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2020002015.

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We illustrate recent findings on the upriver propagation of long waves entering the mouth of the Misa River (Senigallia, Italy). Such a microtidal environment has been recently studied to understand river–sea interactions: it has been found that the river forcing dominates over the marine actions in winter, especially during storms. However, upriver wave propagation is not negligible with low-frequency waves propagating upriver for distances of the order of kilometers. With the aim to better understand the behavior of low-frequency waves propagating upriver, the analysis of the present work builds on field data collected by instruments installed close to the mouth and along the final reach of the Misa River: a tide gauge, two hydrometers and an acoustic Doppler sensor. It has been here observed that the tidal forcing (periods of the order of hours/days) is significantly strong at a distance of more than one kilometer from the river mouth, while shorter waves, like seiches (periods of some hours), are less important and are supposed to largely dissipate at the estuary, although their role could be of importance during relatively short events (e.g., floods).

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Eunike, Agustina, Sugiono Sugiono, Ishardita Pambudi Tama, Sri Widiyawati, Galih D.A. Pramono, and Rahmi Yuniarti. "AN ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN MILKFISH UPSTREAM SUPPLY CHAIN: SYSTEM DYNAMICS APPROACH." Journal of Engineering and Management in Industrial System 9, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jemis.2021.009.01.1.

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Milkfish is common aquaculture product consumed by Indonesian people. However, the ponds of milkfish in Indonesia manage by Small Medium Enterprises scale of farmers which have problems in sustaining the business. This study proposes supply chain analysis in the upstream level to develop strategic to improve the profit of milkfish farmers. Milkfish supply chain is a network of many actors that work together to create and deliver milkfish and its culinary products to the end-user. This paper defines the partnership strategies between the farmers and suppliers as well as the support from government as facilitator and regulator. Moreover, system dynamic approach analyses the scenarios of partnership to outline the benefit obtain by the milkfish supply chain. Finally, the simulation results recommend the partnership to fertilizer supplier will give significant increase in profit of the milkfish farmers.

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Dias, Rosa Maria, Dayani Bailly, Rosimeire Ribeiro Antônio, Harumi Irene Suzuki, and Angelo Antonio Agostinho. "Colonization of the Corumbá Reservoir (Corumbá River, Paraná River Basin, Goiás State, Brazil) by the "lambari" Astyanax altiparanae (Tetragonopterinae; Characidae)." Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 48, no. 3 (May 2005): 467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-89132005000300017.

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This work aimed to determine which population features were important to the colonization process of Astyanax altiparanae in the Corumbá Reservoir. The species presented wide spatial-temporal distribution, caught in all months and sites. Higher CPE values were recorded upstream from the reservoir during the filling phase. In this phase, reproductive activity was intense upstream and moderate in the tributaries. However, a fall in abundance of juveniles was observed after the formation of the reservoir. Among the most relevant population features to grant a successful colonization were wide geographic distribution, ability to occupy and spawn in lentic habitats and feeding flexibility.

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Kim, Seung-Hun, Kwang-Hwan Choi, Dong-Kyung Lee, Mingyun Lee, Jae Yeon Hwang, and Chang-Kyu Lee. "Identification and Characterization of the OCT4 Upstream Regulatory Region in Sus scrofa." Stem Cells International 2019 (March 12, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2130973.

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OCT4 plays pivotal roles in maintaining pluripotency during early mammalian embryonic development and in embryonic stem cells. It is essential to establish a reporter system based on the OCT4 promoter region to study pluripotency. However, there is still a lack of information about the porcine OCT4 upstream reporter system. To improve our understanding of the porcine OCT4 regulatory region, we identified conserved regions in the porcine OCT4 promoter upstream region by sequence-based comparative analysis using various mammalian genome sequences. The similarity of nucleotide sequences in the 5′ upstream region was low among mammalian species. However, the OCT4 promoter and four regulatory regions, including distal and proximal enhancer elements, had high similarity. Next, a functional analysis of the porcine OCT4 promoter region was conducted. Luciferase reporter assay results indicated that the porcine OCT4 distal enhancer and proximal enhancer were highly activated in mouse embryonic stem cells and embryonic carcinoma cells, respectively. A comparison analysis of naïve and primed state marker gene expression in a dual-reporter assay showed that the expression levels of naïve and primed markers differed in fluorescence signal between high-expressing cells and low-expressing cells. Similar to OCT4 upstream-based reporter systems derived from other species, the porcine OCT4 upstream region-based reporter constructs showed exclusive expression patterns depending on the state of pluripotency. This work provides basic information about the porcine OCT4 upstream region and various porcine OCT4 fluorescence reporter constructs, which can be applied to study species-specific pluripotency in early embryo development and the establishment of embryonic stem cells in pigs.

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Fontes Júnior, Hélio Martins, Theodore Castro-Santos, Sergio Makrakis, Luiz Carlos Gomes, and João Dirço Latini. "A barrier to upstream migration in the fish passage of Itaipu Dam (Canal da Piracema), Paraná River basin." Neotropical Ichthyology 10, no. 4 (October 2012): 697–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252012000400002.

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The majority of the fish passages built in the Neotropical region are characterised by low efficiency and high selectivity; in many cases, the benefits to fish populations are uncertain. Studies conducted in the Canal da Piracema at Itaipu dam on the Parana River indicate that the system component designated as the Discharge channel in the Bela Vista River (herein named Canal de deságue no rio Bela Vista or CABV), a 200 m long technical section, was the main barrier to the upstream migration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of restriction imposed by the CABV on upstream movements of Prochilodus lineatus and Leporinus elongatus, Characiformes. Fish were tagged with passive integrated transponders (PIT tags) and released both downstream and upstream of this critical section. Individuals of both species released downstream of the CABV took much more time to reach the upper end of the system (43.6 days vs. 15.9 days), and passed in much lower proportions (18% vs. 60.8%) than those tagged upstream of this component. Although more work is needed to differentiate between fishway effects and natural variation in migratory motivation, the results clearly demonstrate passage problems at the CABV.

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Morrison, G. L., D. L. Panak, and R. E. DeOtte. "Numerical Study of the Effects of Upstream Flow Condition Upon Orifice Flow Meter Performance." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 115, no. 4 (November 1, 1993): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2920114.

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Recent experimental work has shown that when the mean velocity profile upstream of an orifice plate has a deficit on the centerline and higher velocities at the outer edges of the pipe, the pressure drop across the orifice is greater than if the flow upstream is “fully developed.” It is proposed that this increase in ΔP is directly correlated with the radial distribution of momentum upstream of the orifice plate. In an effort to investigate how the upstream flow condition affects the pressure distribution along the pipe wall and to determine if the hypothesis is correct, Creare.X Inc.’s FLUENT numerical analysis program was used to simulate the effects. Two β ratios (0.50 and 0.75) have been considered with various mean velocity inlet profiles. Inlet profiles include the 1/6th, 1/7th, 1/8th, 1/9th and 1/10th power law, uniform flow, and two linear distributions. The results indicate that there is a correlation between the second and third-order moments of momentum and the value of the discharge coefficient. This empirical correlation, after being fully verified by experimental data, can be used to estimate the change in the coefficient of discharge given the inlet velocity profile.

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Thapa, Raju, Shauna Hallmark, Omar Smadi, and Amrita Goswamy. "Assessing driving behavior upstream of work zones by detecting response points in speed profile: A naturalistic driving study." Traffic Injury Prevention 20, no. 8 (October 24, 2019): 854–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2019.1663348.

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Agbogbo, Frank K., Phil Ramsey, Renija George, Jobin Joy, Shikha Srivastava, Mian Huang, and Jesse McCool. "Upstream development of Escherichia coli fermentation process with PhoA promoter using design of experiments (DoE)." Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology 47, no. 9-10 (August 25, 2020): 789–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10295-020-02302-7.

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Abstract In this work, a fed-batch fermentation development was performed with recombinant E. coli carrying the PhoA promoter system. The phosphate concentrations tested for this PhoA strain, 2.79 mM to 86.4 mM, were beyond the concentrations previously evaluated for cell growth and product titer. The results from the scouting work was used for design of experiments (DoE) where a range of phosphate levels from 27.1 mM to 86.4 mM was simultaneously evaluated with temperature, pH and DO set points. Definitive screening was used to evaluate these parameters simultaneously and the results indicate that fermentation temperature and phosphate content are the major contributors of product titer. The other factors tested such as pH had a minimal effect and DO had no impact on product titer.

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Kim, S. H., K. H. Choi, D. K. Lee, M. Lee, M. H. Cho, J. N. Oh, and C. K. Lee. "124 Functional analysis of porcine OCT4 transcriptional regulatory region-based reporter system." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31, no. 1 (2019): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv31n1ab124.

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Gene OCT4 plays pivotal roles in maintaining pluripotency of early mammalian embryonic development and embryonic stem cells. It is essential to establish a reporter system based on the OCT4 promoter region for the study of pluripotency. However, there is still a lack of sufficient information about the porcine OCT4 upstream reporter system. To improve our understanding of the porcine OCT4 regulatory region, first, we conducted an investigation to find conserved regions in the porcine OCT4 promoter upstream region by sequence-based comparative analysis using various mammalian genome sequences. A similarity of nucleotide sequences of the 5′ upstream region was low among mammalian species. However, the OCT4 promoter and 4 regulatory regions including distal and proximal enhancer elements have a high similarity. Next, a functional analysis of the porcine OCT4 promoter region was conducted. Luciferase reporter assay indicated that the porcine OCT4 distal enhancer and proximal enhancer are highly activated in mouse embryonic stem cells and embryonic carcinoma cells, respectively (n=3). Comparison analysis of naïve (Tbx3, Nr0b1, Rex1, Esrrb, Nanog, Klf2) or primed (Gata6, Mixl1, Fgf5, Otx2) state marker gene expression in a dual-reporter assay using pOCT4-DE-eGFP and pOCT4-PE-DsRed2 showed that expression of naïve and primed markers were up-regulated in cells with high green fluorescent protein and red fluorescent protein expression, respectively (n=3). Porcine OCT4-upstream region-based reporter constructs showed exclusive expression patterns depending on the state of pluripotency. This work could provide basic information for the porcine OCT4 upstream region and the various porcine OCT4-fluorescence reporter constructs, which can be applied to study species-specific pluripotency in early embryo development and for the establishment of embryonic stem cells in pigs. This work was supported by the Korea Institute of Planning and Evaluation for Technology in Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (IPET) through the Development of High Value-Added Food Technology Program, funded by the Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs (MAFRA, 118042-03-1-HD020).

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Hinzman, Edward E., John N. Barr, and Gail W. Wertz. "Identification of an Upstream Sequence Element Required for Vesicular Stomatitis Virus mRNA Transcription." Journal of Virology 76, no. 15 (August 1, 2002): 7632–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.15.7632-7641.2002.

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ABSTRACT Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), the prototypic rhabdovirus, has a nonsegmented negative-sense RNA genome with five genes flanked by 3′ leader and 5′ trailer sequences. Transcription of VSV mRNAs is obligatorily sequential, starting from a single 3′ polymerase entry site, and termination of an upstream mRNA is essential for transcription of a downstream gene. cis-acting signals for transcription of VSV mRNAs are present within the leader region, at the leader-N junction, and at the internal gene junctions. The gene junctions of VSV consist of a conserved 23-nucleotide region that includes the gene end sequence of the upstream gene, 3′-AUACU7-5′, a nontranscribed intergenic dinucleotide, 3′-G/CA-5′, and the gene start sequence, 3′-UUGUCNNUAG-5′, at the beginning of the gene immediately downstream. Previous work has shown that the gene end sequence and intergenic region are sufficient to signal polyadenylation and termination of VSV transcripts. Mutagenesis of the gene start sequence has determined the importance of this region in the processes of initiation and 5′-end modification of mRNAs. However, because the gene end sequence is positioned directly upstream of the gene start sequence in the gene junction, and because of the requirement for termination of the upstream gene prior to transcription of the downstream gene, it has not been possible to investigate whether the gene end sequence contributes to transcription of the downstream gene. In this study, we inserted an additional gene end sequence upstream of the gene junction in a subgenomic replicon of VSV, which extended the intergenic region from 2 to 88 nucleotides. This duplication of termination signals allowed us to separate the signals required for termination from those required for initiation. We investigated the effect that the upstream gene end sequences had on downstream mRNA transcription. Our data show that the U7 tract of the upstream gene end sequence is necessary for optimal transcription of the downstream gene, independent of its role in termination of the upstream gene. Altering the sequence or changing the length of the U tract directly upstream of the gene start sequence significantly decreased transcription of the downstream gene. These results show that the U tract is a multifunctional region that is required not only for polyadenylation and termination of the upstream mRNA but also for efficient transcription of the downstream gene.

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Yoo, H. S., and T. G. Cooper. "The DAL7 promoter consists of multiple elements that cooperatively mediate regulation of the gene's expression." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 8 (August 1989): 3231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.8.3231.

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Expression of the allantoin system genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is induced by allophanate or its analog, oxalurate. This work provides evidence for the involvement of distinct types of cis-acting elements in the induction process. The first element was found to have the properties of an upstream activation sequence (UAS). This element was localized to a 16-base-pair (bp) DNA fragment containing a short 5-bp sequence that occurred repeatedly in the upstream region of DAL7. When present in two or more copies, the 16-bp fragment supported high-level beta-galactosidase production in a CYC1-lacZ expression vector; there was, however, no response to the allantoin pathway inducer. The second element had the properties of a negatively acting element or upstream repression sequence (URS). This element was localized to a 16-bp DNA fragment containing an 8-bp sequence that was repeated four times in the upstream region of DAL7. A fragment containing the 8-bp repeated sequence placed adjacent to the UAS-containing fragment mediated inhibition of the ability of the UAS to support lacZ expression regardless of whether inducer was present. A third element, designated an upstream induction sequence (UIS), was required for response to inducer. The UIS was localized to a small DNA fragment containing an approximately 10-bp sequence that was repeated twice in the upstream region of DAL7. When a fragment containing the 10-bp repeated sequence was placed adjacent to these UAS and URS elements, the construction (UIS-UAS-URS) supported normal oxalurate-mediated induction of beta-galactosidase synthesis. These data are consistent with the suggestion that multiple, cis-acting elements participate in the induction process.

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Yoo, H. S., and T. G. Cooper. "The DAL7 promoter consists of multiple elements that cooperatively mediate regulation of the gene's expression." Molecular and Cellular Biology 9, no. 8 (August 1989): 3231–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.9.8.3231-3243.1989.

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Expression of the allantoin system genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is induced by allophanate or its analog, oxalurate. This work provides evidence for the involvement of distinct types of cis-acting elements in the induction process. The first element was found to have the properties of an upstream activation sequence (UAS). This element was localized to a 16-base-pair (bp) DNA fragment containing a short 5-bp sequence that occurred repeatedly in the upstream region of DAL7. When present in two or more copies, the 16-bp fragment supported high-level beta-galactosidase production in a CYC1-lacZ expression vector; there was, however, no response to the allantoin pathway inducer. The second element had the properties of a negatively acting element or upstream repression sequence (URS). This element was localized to a 16-bp DNA fragment containing an 8-bp sequence that was repeated four times in the upstream region of DAL7. A fragment containing the 8-bp repeated sequence placed adjacent to the UAS-containing fragment mediated inhibition of the ability of the UAS to support lacZ expression regardless of whether inducer was present. A third element, designated an upstream induction sequence (UIS), was required for response to inducer. The UIS was localized to a small DNA fragment containing an approximately 10-bp sequence that was repeated twice in the upstream region of DAL7. When a fragment containing the 10-bp repeated sequence was placed adjacent to these UAS and URS elements, the construction (UIS-UAS-URS) supported normal oxalurate-mediated induction of beta-galactosidase synthesis. These data are consistent with the suggestion that multiple, cis-acting elements participate in the induction process.

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Maklakov, Dmitri V., and Alexander G. Petrov. "On steady non-breaking downstream waves and the wave resistance." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 776 (July 8, 2015): 290–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.331.

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In this work we have obtained exact analytical formulae expressing the wave resistance of a two-dimensional body by the parameters of the downstream non-breaking waves. The body moves horizontally at a constant speed $c$ in a channel of finite depth $h$. We have analysed the relationships between the parameters of the upstream flow and the downstream waves. Making use of some results by Keady & Norbury (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 70, 1975, pp. 663–671) and Benjamin (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 295, 1995, pp. 337–356), we have rigorously proved that realistic steady free-surface flows with a positive wave resistance exist only if the upstream flow is subcritical, i.e. the Froude number $\mathit{Fr}=c/\sqrt{gh}<1$. For all solutions with downstream waves obtained by a perturbation of a supercritical upstream uniform flow the wave resistance is negative. Applying a numerical technique, we have calculated accurate values of the wave resistance depending on the wavelength, amplitude and mean depth.

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Gupta, Sachin, Aditya Roy, and Arvind Gupta. "Computer-aided engineering analysis for the performance augmentation of a fin-tube heat exchanger using vortex generator." Concurrent Engineering 28, no. 1 (December 12, 2019): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063293x19891770.

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The heat transfer performance of fin-tube heat exchangers can be enhanced with the help of longitudinal vortex generators. In this work, we investigate the effect of employing a rectangular winglet having a punched hole on heat transfer and flow resistance characteristics in a fin-tube heat exchanger with the help of numerical simulations. Studies were performed on two configurations, namely, common flow down and common flow up at upstream and downstream locations. Performance characteristics such as Colburn’s factor ( j), friction factor ( f), and performance evaluation criterion were considered for evaluating the thermohydraulic performance. Investigations were performed considering Reynolds number in the range of 1500–9000, keeping the angle of attack as 45°. The shear stress transport k-ω turbulence model was used for performing numerical simulations. A significant augmentation of up to 71% in the thermohydraulic performance of fin-tube heat exchanger was observed with the common flow down configuration located upstream over the common flow up configuration located upstream, which displayed the least improvement.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Upstream work'

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