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Journal articles on the topic 'Upper limb neurodynamic test'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Kinandana, Gede Parta, I. Ketut Suyasa, Wahyuddin Wahyuddin, Putu Astawa, I. Made Ady Wirawan, and Nyoman Mangku Karmaya. "UPPER LIMB NEURODYNAMIC BILATERAL LEBIH MENURUNKAN SKOR NYERI DAN TENSION NERVUS MEDIANUS DIBANDINGKAN DENGAN UPPER LIMB NEURODYNAMIC IPSILATERAL PADA PENDERITA CERVICAL RADICULOPATHY." Sport and Fitness Journal 8, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/spj.2020.v08.i03.p10.

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Pendahuluan: Cervical radiculopathy merupakan suatu kondisi klinis dimana terjadinya kompresi pada akar saraf yang menyebabkan perubahan fisiologis pada jaringan saraf. Tujuan Penelitian: membuktikan upper limb neurodynamic bilateral lebih menurunkan nyeri, meningkatkan range of motion (ROM) cervical, dan ekstensi elbow pada penderita cervical radiculopathy jika dibandingkan dengan neurodynamic ipsilateral. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan rancangan pre dan post-test control group design menggunakan 24 orang sampel yang dibagi ke dalam 2 kelompok. Pada Kelompok 1 diberikan upper limb neurodynamic ipsilateral sedangkan Kelompok 2 diberikan intervensi upper limb neurodynamic bilateral. Intervensi diberikan sebanyak 12 kali. Pengukuran skor nyeri menggunakan numerical pain rating scale (NPRS) dan ROM cervical menggunakan goniometer dan tension nervus medianus diukur melalui ROM ekstensi elbow. Hasil: Perbedaan yang bermakna antara kedua kelompok didapatkan pada pengukuran skor nyeri dengan nilai p = 0,000 (p<0,05) pada pengukuran nyeri diam dan saat neurodynamic testing. Perbedaan yang bermakna juga ditemukan pada pengukuran ekstensi elbow dengan nilai p = 0,000 (p<0,05). Perbedaan yang tidak bermakna ditemukan pada pengukuran ROM cervical (ekstensi, rotasi, dan lateral fleksi ipsilateral) dengan nilai p = 0,377; 0,110; dan 0,342 secara berurutan (p > 0,05). Kesimpulan: upper limb neurodynamic bilateral lebih menurunkan skor nyeri dan menurunkan tension nervus medianus dibandingkan dengan upper limb neurodynamic ipsilateral dan tidak lebih meningkatkan ROM cervical pada penderita cervical radiculopathy. Kata kunci: nyeri, ROM cervical, ROM ekstensi elbow, neurodynamic ipsilateral, neurodynamic bilateral, cervical radiculopathy

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2

Manvell, Nicole, Joshua J. Manvell, Suzanne J. Snodgrass, and Susan A. Reid. "Tension of the Ulnar, Median, and Radial Nerves During Ulnar Nerve Neurodynamic Testing: Observational Cadaveric Study." Physical Therapy 95, no. 6 (June 1, 2015): 891–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20130536.

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Background The ulnar nerve upper limb neurodynamic test (ULNT3) uses upper limb positioning to investigate symptoms arising from the ulnar nerve. It is proposed to selectively increase tension of the nerve; however, this property of the test is not well established. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the upper limb position that results in: (1) the greatest tension of the ulnar nerve and (2) the greatest difference in tension between the ulnar nerve and the other 2 major nerves of the upper limb: median and radial. Design This was an observational cadaver study. Methods Tension (in newtons) of the ulnar, median, and radial nerves was measured simultaneously using 3 buckle force transducers in 5 upper limb positions in 10 embalmed human cadavers (N=20 limbs). Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post hoc tests determined differences in tension among nerves and among limb positions. Results The addition of shoulder horizontal abduction (H.Abd; 12.62 N; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]=10.76, 14.47) and combined shoulder abduction and internal rotation (H.Abd+IR; 11.86 N; 95% CI=9.96, 13.77) to ULNT3 (scapular depression, shoulder abduction and external rotation, elbow flexion, forearm pronation, and wrist and finger extension) produced significantly greater ulnar nerve tension compared with the ULNT3 alone (8.71 N; 95% CI=7.25, 10.17). The ULNT3+H.Abd test demonstrated the greatest difference in tension among nerves (mean difference between ulnar and median nerves=11.87 N; 95% CI=9.80, 13.92; mean difference between ulnar and radial nerves=8.47 N; 95% CI=6.41, 10.53). Limitations These results pertain only to the biomechanical plausibility of the ulnar nerve neurodynamic test and do not account for other factors that may affect the clinical application of this test. Conclusions The ULNT3+H.Abd is a biomechanically plausible test for detecting peripheral neuropathic pain related to the ulnar nerve. In situations where the shoulder complex will not tolerate the combination of shoulder external rotation in abduction, performing upper limb neurodynamic tests with internal rotation instead of external rotation is a biomechanically plausible alternative.

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3

Lohkamp, Monika, and Katie Small. "Normal response to Upper Limb Neurodynamic Test 1 and 2A." Manual Therapy 16, no. 2 (April 2011): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2010.07.008.

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4

Legakis, Allison, and Benjamin S. Boyd. "The influence of scapular depression on upper limb neurodynamic test responses." Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy 20, no. 2 (May 2012): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/2042618611y.0000000020.

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5

Vanti, Carla, Roberta Bonfiglioli, Martina Ruggeri, and Paolo Pillastrini. "Reflections on the diagnostic accuracy of the Upper Limb Neurodynamic Test 1." Manual Therapy 23 (June 2016): e15-e16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2016.02.011.

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6

Saranga, Jacob, Ann Green, Jeremy Lewis, and Chris Worsfold. "Effect of a Cervical Lateral Glide on the Upper Limb Neurodynamic Test 1." Physiotherapy 89, no. 11 (November 2003): 678–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(05)60101-0.

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7

Ravi Shankar Reddy. "Comparison of Vibration Threshold of Upper Limb During Upper Limb Neurodynamic Test 1 in Individuals with and without Type II Diabetes Mellitus." Journal of Multidisciplinary Research in Healthcare 3, no. 2 (April 10, 2017): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.15415/jmrh.2017.32008.

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Background: Patients withType II diabetes mellitus are showed to affect the sensory, reflex and motor systems in distal extremities. Studies have examined the mechanosensitivity and vibration threshold (VT) in type II diabetes mellitus patients in the lower limb and compared it with normal individuals. There is scanty literature available in comparison of the VTin the upper limb in type II diabetes mellitus patients with non-diabetic individuals. Methods: Thirty type II diabetic individuals (age - 55.60 ± 9.79 years)and 30 asymptomatic individuals (age - 53.43±9.96) without diabetes mellitus participated in the study. Tester at the baseline for both the groups using a bioesthesiometer measured VT. Bioesthesiometer is capable of deriving a vibration of 100 Hz. Following VTevaluation at the baseline, the tester performed the ULNT1 for all the subjects. During the sequence of the ULNT1, VTwas measured at initial onset of pain (termed as P1) and short of maximum pain (P2) as experienced by the patient. Results:There was a statistical significant difference inVTbetween diabetic and non-diabetic group subjects. VTwas raised in the diabetic group at all the three levelsof evaluation (baseline, P1 and P2) compared to the non-diabetic group with a p value < 0.001. Conclusion: VT of the upper limb is higher in individuals with type II diabetes mellitus as compared to non-diabetic individuals.

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Vanti, Carla, Roberta Bonfiglioli, Monica Calabrese, Francesco Marinelli, Andrew Guccione, Francesco Saverio Violante, and Paolo Pillastrini. "Upper limb neurodynamic test 1 and symptoms reproduction in carpal tunnel syndrome. A validity study." Manual Therapy 16, no. 3 (June 2011): 258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2010.11.003.

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9

Díez Valdés, Silvia, José A. Vega, and José A. Martínez-Pubil. "Upper Limb Neurodynamic Test 1 in patients with Acquired Brain Injury: a cross-sectional study." Brain Injury 33, no. 8 (April 26, 2019): 1039–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2019.1606441.

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10

Boyd, Benjamin S. "Common Interlimb Asymmetries and Neurogenic Responses during Upper Limb Neurodynamic Testing: Implications for Test Interpretation." Journal of Hand Therapy 25, no. 1 (January 2012): 56–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2011.09.004.

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11

Jaberzadeh, Shapour, Sheila Scutter, and Homer Nazeran. "Mechanosensitivity of the median nerve and mechanically produced motor responses during Upper Limb Neurodynamic Test 1." Physiotherapy 91, no. 2 (June 2005): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2004.09.021.

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12

Vanti, Carla, Roberta Bonfiglioli, Monica Calabrese, Francesco Marinelli, Francesco Saverio Violante, and Paolo Pillastrini. "Relationship Between Interpretation and Accuracy of the Upper Limb Neurodynamic Test 1 in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome." Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 35, no. 1 (January 2012): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2011.09.008.

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13

Petersen, Cheryl M., Chris L. Zimmermann, Kathy D. Hall, Steve J. Przechera, Jenna V. Julian, and Nicole N. Coderre. "Upper Limb Neurodynamic Test of the Radial Nerve: A Study of Responses in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Subjects." Journal of Hand Therapy 22, no. 4 (October 2009): 344–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2009.05.001.

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14

Jefferson, J. R., A. Burkett, M. Howard, and C. Thomley. "ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC ACTIVITY, RESISTANCE TO STRETCH AND SYMPTOM RESPONSE DURING THE UPPER LIMB NEURODYNAMIC TEST FOR THE MEDIAN NERVE." Rehabilitation Oncology 31, no. 1 (2013): 53–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01893697-201331010-00026.

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15

Trillos, Maria-Constanza, Felipe Soto, and Leonardo Briceno-Ayala. "Upper limb neurodynamic test 1 in patients with clinical diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome: A diagnostic accuracy study." Journal of Hand Therapy 31, no. 3 (July 2018): 333–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2017.05.004.

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16

de la Rosa-Díaz, Irene, María Torres-Lacomba, Paz Acosta-Ramírez, Itxaso García-de Orive, Robert J. Nee, Pedro de la Villa-Polo, Eva M. Andrés-Esteban, and Beatriz Sánchez-Sánchez. "Protective myoelectric activity at performing upper limb neurodynamic test 1 in breast cancer survivors. A cross-sectional observational study." Musculoskeletal Science and Practice 36 (August 2018): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2018.05.003.

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17

Komninos, D., and A. Rushton. "Upper Limb Neurodynamic Test for radial nerve: A study of intra and inter rater reliability in an asymptomatic population." Manual Therapy 25 (September 2016): e137-e138. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2016.05.261.

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18

Cruz, Joana, and Nuno Morais. "Intrarater Agreement of Elbow Extension Range of Motion in the Upper Limb Neurodynamic Test 1 Using a Smartphone Application." Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 97, no. 11 (November 2016): 1880–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2016.05.001.

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19

Carla, Vanti, Conteddu Laura, Guccione Andrew, Morsillo Filomena, Parazza Sergio, Viti Carlotta, and Pillastrini Paolo. "The Upper Limb Neurodynamic Test 1: Intra- and Intertester Reliability and the Effect of Several Repetitions on Pain and Resistance." Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics 33, no. 4 (May 2010): 292–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmpt.2010.03.003.

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20

Bueno-Gracia, Elena, José Miguel Tricás-Moreno, Pablo Fanlo-Mazas, Miguel Malo-Urriés, María Haddad-Garay, Elena Estébanez-de-Miguel, César Hidalgo-García, and John R. Krauss. "Validity of the Upper Limb Neurodynamic Test 1 for the diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. The role of structural differentiation." Manual Therapy 22 (April 2016): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2015.12.007.

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Bueno-Gracia, E., J. M. Tricás-Moreno, P. Fanlo-Mazas, M. Malo-Urriés, M. Haddad-Garay, E. Estébanez de Miguel, C. Hidalgo-García, J. Krauss, and A. Ruiz-de-Escudero-Zapico. "Validity of the upper limb neurodynamic test 1 for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. The role of structural differentiation." Musculoskeletal Science and Practice 28 (April 2017): e26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2016.10.063.

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22

Edeni, K., H. Ringdal, S. Karanasios, N. Heneghan, and A. Rushton. "Validity of upper limb neurodynamic test using median nerve movement, elbow extension, pain response, brachialis muscle activity in chronic wad." Physiotherapy 101 (May 2015): e340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.547.

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23

Leoni, Diego, Davide Storer, Roberto Gatti, Michele Egloff, and Marco Barbero. "Upper Limb Neurodynamic Test 1 on Healthy Individuals: Intra- and Intersession Reliability of the Angle between Pain Onset and Submaximal Pain." Pain Research and Management 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9607262.

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Assessment of nerve trunk mechanosensitivity using the upper limb neurodynamic test 1 (ULNT1) often includes measurement of the angle of occurrence in the range of pain onset (PO) and submaximal pain (SP). A measurement that better fits the idea of mechanosensitivity could be the angle between PO and SP (AbOS). This study investigated the intra- and intersession reliability of AbOS, PO, and SP during the ULNT1. Forty-four healthy volunteers underwent three ULNT1 to the point of PO and SP, twice in the first session and once in the second. AbOS, PO, and SP angles of occurrence reliability were examined using the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC 3,1) and Bland-Altman plots. The intra- and intersession ICC values for AbOS were 0.71 (95% CI: 0.47; 0.85) and 0.79 (95% CI: 0.60; 0.89), respectively. The intra- and intersession mean difference and 95% limits of agreement (±1.96 SD) in the Bland-Altman plots were 2.3° (−18.3°; 23.1°) and 2.8° (−14.7°; 20.4°), respectively. The intra- and intersession reliability of the AbOS during the ULNT1 in healthy individuals is high and higher than the reliability of PO and SP angles of occurrence. The AbOS could be a preferable variable in the assessment of neural mechanosensitivity.

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24

Manvell, Joshua J., Nicole Manvell, Suzanne J. Snodgrass, and Susan A. Reid. "Improving the radial nerve neurodynamic test: An observation of tension of the radial, median and ulnar nerves during upper limb positioning." Manual Therapy 20, no. 6 (December 2015): 790–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.math.2015.03.007.

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25

Morais, Nuno, Henry Johannes Greten, Maria João Santos, and Jorge Pereira Machado. "Immediate Effects of Acupuncture on the Mechanosensitivity of the Median Nerve: An Exploratory Randomised Trial." Acupuncture in Medicine 36, no. 3 (June 2018): 132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/acupmed-2016-011357.

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Background Acupuncture appears to reduce the mechanosensitivity of peripheral nerves in animal models; yet, this possibility has not been demonstrated in humans. Objectives The main objective of this exploratory trial was to evaluate the immediate effects of acupuncture on the mechanosensitivity of the median nerve, measured by the elbow extension range-of-motion (EE–ROM) at pain onset and maximum tolerance during the upper limb neurodynamic test 1 (ULNT1). Additional objectives were to test the effects of two different points in ULNT1 responses and critically appraise pre-/post-intervention changes for conducting future research. Methods Thirty-one asymptomatic individuals, randomly assigned to the PC group (n=14) or the LU group (n=17) by the coin flip procedure, underwent acupuncture (leopard spot needling) at PC5 or LU5”, respectively. Two-way mixed-model analysis of variance (ANOVA) with time (pre-intervention vs post-intervention) as the within-subject factor and group (PC vs LU) as the between-subject factor, plus time×group interaction, were used to determine the effects of acupuncture therapy on EE–ROM at pain onset and maximum tolerance during ULNT1. Results At baseline there were no differences between groups (p>0.05). After acupuncture, mean EE–ROM increased 3.1° at pain onset (p=0.029, η2p=0.154) and 5.6° at maximum tolerance (p=0.002, η2p=0.277) with no differences between groups (p>0.05, η2p<0.01). Conclusion Immediately after acupuncture, the mechanosensitivity of the median nerve appears to be reduced as observed by an increase in EE–ROM during the ULNT1. Further studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings. Trial Registration Number NCT02150915; Post-results.

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26

Schallert, Wolfgang, and Markus Ernst. "Reliabilität und Validität des Upper Limb Neurodynamic Tests bei symptomatischen Nackenpatienten." manuelletherapie 17, no. 01 (February 26, 2013): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1334134.

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27

Nee, Robert J., Gwendolen A. Jull, Bill Vicenzino, and Michel W. Coppieters. "The Validity of Upper-Limb Neurodynamic Tests for Detecting Peripheral Neuropathic Pain." Journal of Orthopaedic & Sports Physical Therapy 42, no. 5 (May 2012): 413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2519/jospt.2012.3988.

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28

Kühl, J. K., V. Miolla, and C. Ridehalgh. "The validity of neurodynamic tests to identify nerve dysfunction in the upper limb." Physiotherapy 107 (May 2020): e62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2020.03.084.

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29

Grondin, Francis, Chad Cook, Toby Hall, Olivier Maillard, Yannick Perdrix, and Sebastien Freppel. "Diagnostic accuracy of upper limb neurodynamic tests in the diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy." Musculoskeletal Science and Practice 55 (October 2021): 102427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2021.102427.

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30

Tong, Michelle Meng Yim, Vincent Cheng-Hsin Liu, and Toby Hall. "Side-to-side elbow range of movement variability in an ulnar neurodynamic test sequence variant in asymptomatic people." Hong Kong Physiotherapy Journal 38, no. 02 (December 2018): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1013702518500117.

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Background: Range of motion (ROM) asymmetry between sides is one indicator of a positive neurodynamic test, but this has been less well studied for the ulnar nerve. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate side-to-side variation in elbow ROM during an ulnar neurodynamic test sequence, including contralateral cervical side flexion, in 40 asymptomatic subjects. Methods: A traditional goniometer was used to measure elbow flexion ROM at two end points, onset of resistance ([Formula: see text]1) and symptom onset ([Formula: see text]1). Two repeated measures of [Formula: see text]1 and [Formula: see text]1 were taken on each side. Results: Reliability for [Formula: see text]1 and [Formula: see text]1 was found to be good (ICC [Formula: see text], SEM [Formula: see text]) with no significant difference in mean ROM between sides. A significant relationship between sides was seen ([Formula: see text] values [Formula: see text]) and [Formula: see text] values [Formula: see text]; this indicates at least 23% of the variance observed in one limb was accounted for by range in the opposite limb. This relationship was slightly stronger for [Formula: see text]1 than [Formula: see text]1. Lower bound scores indicate that intra-individual ROM difference [Formula: see text] for [Formula: see text]1 and 22° for [Formula: see text]1 would exceed normal ROM asymmetry. Conclusion: These findings provide clinicians with background information of ROM asymmetry during the ulnar neurodynamic test.

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31

Bhuchhada, K. V., M. Kota, E. S. Sánchez, M. Barbero, and D. Falla. "A comparison of the extent, intensity and distribution of pain during upper limb neurodynamic tests." Physiotherapy 107 (May 2020): e146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2020.03.213.

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32

WATAYA, Masaaki, Chikako WATAYA, Takeshi SHIRAKAWA, Kenichi KAWAKAMI, Yuji KAWABATA, and Shigeki WATANUKI. "Quantitative Examination of the Lower Limb Peripheral Nervous System Mobility Using the Neurodynamic Test." Rigakuryoho Kagaku 33, no. 1 (2018): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1589/rika.33.133.

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33

An, Hojung, Okkon Moon, and Junghyun Choi. "Short-term Effectiveness of the Movement Direction in Neurodynamic Mobilization for Upper Limb Mobility and Pain." Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research 10, no. 4 (December 31, 2019): 1921–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.20540/jiaptr.2019.10.4.1921.

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34

Laffaye, G., J. M. Collin, G. Levernier, and J. Padulo. "Upper-limb Power Test in Rock-climbing." International Journal of Sports Medicine 35, no. 08 (February 19, 2014): 670–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0033-1358473.

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35

A. Emara, Hatem. "Bruininks- Oseretsky Test Showed Strong Correlation Between Upper Limb Speed Dexterity and Upper Limb Coordination." International Journal of Neurologic Physical Therapy 3, no. 2 (2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ijnpt.20170302.11.

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36

Koulidis, Konstantinos, Yannis Veremis, Christina Anderson, and Nicola R. Heneghan. "Diagnostic accuracy of upper limb neurodynamic tests for the assessment of peripheral neuropathic pain: A systematic review." Musculoskeletal Science and Practice 40 (April 2019): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2019.01.001.

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Koulidis, K., Y. Veremis, N. R. Heneghan, and C. Anderson. "Diagnostic accuracy of upper limb neurodynamic tests for the assessment of peripheral neuropathic pain: a systematic review." Physiotherapy 105 (January 2019): e51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2018.11.301.

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Villafañe, Jorge H., Guillermo B. Silva, Alessandro Chiarotto, and Orazio L. F. Ragusa. "Botulinum toxin type A combined with neurodynamic mobilization for upper limb spasticity after stroke: a case report." Journal of Chiropractic Medicine 11, no. 3 (September 2012): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcm.2012.05.009.

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39

Lohman Bonfiglio, Chelsea M., Kerry K. Gilbert, Jean-Michel Brismée, Stéphane Sobczak, Krista M. Hixson, C. Roger James, and Phillip J. Sizer. "Upper limb neurodynamic testing with radial and ulnar nerve biases: An analysis of cervical spinal nerve mechanics." Musculoskeletal Science and Practice 52 (April 2021): 102320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msksp.2021.102320.

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40

Kaye, Sally, and Elaine Mason. "Clinical Implications of the Upper Limb Tension Test." Physiotherapy 75, no. 12 (December 1989): 750–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(10)62446-7.

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41

Hepp, D., J. Kirsch, and F. Capanni. "Smartphone supported upper limb prosthesis." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2015): 484–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2015-0116.

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AbstractState of the art upper limb prostheses offer up to six active DoFs (degrees of freedom) and are controlled using different grip patterns. This low number of DoFs combined with a machine-human-interface which does not provide control over all DoFs separately result in a lack of usability for the patient. The aim of this novel upper limb prosthesis is both offering simplified control possibilities for changing grip patterns depending on the patients’ priorities and the improvement of grasp capability. Design development followed the design process requirements given by the European Medical Device Directive 93/42 ECC and was structured into the topics mechanics, software and drive technology. First user needs were identified by literature research and by patient feedback. Consequently, concepts were evaluated against technical and usability requirements. A first evaluation prototype with one active DoF per finger was manufactured. In a second step a test setup with two active DoF per finger was designed. The prototype is connected to an Android based smartphone application. Two main grip patterns can be preselected in the software application and afterwards changed and used by the EMG signal. Three different control algorithms can be selected: “all-day”, “fine” and “tired muscle”. Further parameters can be adjusted to customize the prosthesis to the patients’ needs. First patient feedback certified the prosthesis an improved level of handling compared to the existing devices. Using the two DoF test setup, the possibilities of finger control with a neural network are evaluated at the moment. In a first user feedback test, the smartphone based software application increased the device usability, e.g. the change within preselected grip patterns and the “tired muscle” algorithm. Although the overall software application was positively rated, the handling of the prosthesis itself needs to be proven within a patient study to be performed next. The capability of the neural network to control the hand has also to be proven in a next step.

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42

Bismak, O. V., Ju S. Kalmykova, and S. A. Kalmykov. "Neuropathic pain in patients with compression-ischemic neuropathy of the upper limb: diagnosis and assessment of the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures." Health, sport, rehabilitation 5, no. 4 (January 30, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.34142/hsr.2019.05.04.01.

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<p><strong>The purpose</strong> of the work is to assess the severity of neuropathic pain and determine the effectiveness of rehabilitation measures in people with compression-ischemic neuropathy of the upper limb in the subacute period.</p><p><strong>Material and methods.</strong> Analysis and synthesis of literature data, visual analogue pain scale (VAS), DN4 questionnaire for diagnosing the nature of pain, rehabilitation examination, methods of mathematical statistics. The study involved 73 patients with compression-ischemic neuropathy of the upper limb. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the main (37 people) and control (36 people). The duration of the disease ranged from 3 to 18 months. The age of the examined ranged from 18 to 57 years, an average of 39.4±6.7 years.</p><p><strong>Results.</strong> At the initial examination, we found that in patients of both groups, carpal tunnel syndrome was diagnosed more often than other tunnel syndromes. In patients of the main and control groups, VAS indicators were above average (6.62 ± 0.21 and 6.58 ± 0.18 points, respectively). No significant difference between the groups was found (p> 0.05). In patients of the main group, we used the following rehabilitation measures: kinesitherapy with neurodynamic mobilization, taping, apparatus physiotherapy and mechanotherapy procedures. Patients in the control group were engaged in a standard rehabilitation program - physical exercises, apparatus physiotherapy, mechanotherapy. Upon repeated examination by YOUR, a decrease in pain was observed in both groups, however, in the main group, the severity of pain was significantly lower than in the control group (p <0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions.</strong> The study confirmed that the inclusion of kinesitherapy with neurodynamic mobilization, taping, apparatus physiotherapy and mechanotherapy in the complex treatment of copression-ischemic neuropathies of the upper limb contributed to a significant reduction in pain in patients of the main group compared with the control group, in which the standard rehabilitation program was used.</p>

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Prochazka, Arthur, and Jan Kowalczewski. "A Fully Automated, Quantitative Test of Upper Limb Function." Journal of Motor Behavior 47, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222895.2014.953442.

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Lai, J., and C. Ridehalgh. "Do both slider and tensioner neurodynamic mobilisations to the upper limb induce a systemic hypoalgesic response in asymptomatic participants?" Physiotherapy 107 (May 2020): e97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2020.03.137.

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Maxwell, Christina Melanie, Douglas Thomas Lauchlan, and Philippa Margaret Dall. "The effects of spinal manipulative therapy on lower limb neurodynamic test outcomes in adults: a systematic review." Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy 28, no. 1 (February 5, 2019): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10669817.2019.1569300.

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Mathew, JinceT, Thakur Kunal, Sadhana Meena, JasmineKaur Chawla, and Lakshman Sethu. "Upper trapezius activation during upper limb neural tension test-1 in karate players." Ibnosina Journal of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences 5, no. 4 (2013): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/1947-489x.210542.

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Nowak, Dennis A. "The Thumb Rolling Test: A Novel Variant of the Forearm Rolling Test." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 38, no. 1 (January 2011): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100011173.

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Abstract:Background:Neurologists use a variety of tests to detect subtle upper motor neuron lesion causing a mild motor impairment of the upper limb. The forearm and index finger rolling tests are some of these. Their sensitivity varies, but in general these tests appear to be more likely to be abnormal in mild motor impairment of the arm and hand due to a cortico-spinal tract lesion than tests of power, muscle tone or reflexes. Thumb rolling involves more distal limb segments than forearm rolling and distal limb segments are typically more affected than proximal limb segments after cerebral lesions to the cortico-spinal tract.Methods:Thumb rolling was tested, in comparison to pronator drift, forearm rolling and index finger rolling, for its sensitivity to detect a cerebral lesion of the cortico-spinal tract in 17 consecutive patients with mild pure motor stroke affecting only one arm and hand.Results:Thumb rolling is more sensitive (88%) than pronator drift (47%), forearm rolling (65%) and index finger rolling (65%) to detect a cerebral lesion of the cortico-spinal tract in mild pure motor stroke of the upper limb.Conclusion:The thumb rolling test may be a valuable adjunct clinical test to detect a subtle lesion of the cortico-spinal tract causing mild pure motor stroke of the arm and hand when the remainder of routine neurological examination is unremarkable.

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Decleve, Ph, T. Attar, T. Benameur, V. Gaspar, J. Van Cant, and Ann M. Cools. "The “upper limb rotation test”: Reliability and validity study of a new upper extremity physical performance test." Physical Therapy in Sport 42 (March 2020): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ptsp.2020.01.009.

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Silva, Leandro Medeiros, Matheus Peixoto Dantas, Roberto Fernandes Da Costa, Rômulo Vasconcelos Teixeira, Paulo Moreira Silva Dantas, Paulo Almeida-Neto, and Breno Guilherme De Araújo Tinôco Cabral. "Performance of upper limb velocity at different maturation stages in young sports practitioners." Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia do Exercício 19, no. 5 (October 19, 2020): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.33233/rbfex.v19i5.4015.

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Introduction: Test batteries have become indispensable for the assessment of performance, maintenance of health, and motor condition, as this also represents a requirement for learning specific skills. Objective: Comparing the performance in different stages of the upper limb velocity test at different maturation stages in children and adolescents. Methods: 91 children and adolescents of both sexes, aged 8 to 14 years, participated in the study. Bone age, anthropometric, and upper limb velocity assessments were executed. A Mixed Repeated Measures ANOVA was used to verify the interaction effect [3 (conditions) x 3 (times)] on the upper limb velocity test phases at different maturation stages. Results: The accelerated stage showed the best performance in all stages of the upper limb velocity test, while for the total performance the delayed group had the lowest achievement. Conclusion: The data indicate that individuals who are in an accelerated maturation stage perform better in the upper limb velocity test than their peers in regular and delayed stages, although the test development curve is similar for all stages.Keywords: anthropometry, child, adolescent, exercise.

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Ingram, Lewis A., Vincent K. Carroll, Annie A. Butler, Matthew A. Brodie, Simon C. Gandevia, and Stephen R. Lord. "Quantifying upper limb motor impairment in people with Parkinson’s disease: a physiological profiling approach." PeerJ 9 (February 5, 2021): e10735. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10735.

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Background Upper limb motor impairments, such as slowness of movement and difficulties executing sequential tasks, are common in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Objective To evaluate the validity of the upper limb Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA) as a standard clinical assessment battery in people with PD, by determining whether the tests, which encompass muscle strength, dexterity, arm stability, position sense, skin sensation and bimanual coordination can (a) distinguish people with PD from healthy controls, (b) detect differences in upper limb test domains between “off” and “on” anti-Parkinson medication states and (c) correlate with a validated measure of upper limb function. Methods Thirty-four participants with PD and 68 healthy controls completed the upper limb PPA tests within a single session. Results People with PD exhibited impaired performance across most test domains. Based on validity, reliability and feasibility, six tests (handgrip strength, finger-press reaction time, 9-hole peg test, bimanual pole test, arm stability, and shirt buttoning) were identified as key tests for the assessment of upper limb function in people with PD. Conclusions The upper limb PPA provides a valid, quick and simple means of quantifying specific upper limb impairments in people with PD. These findings indicate clinical assessments should prioritise tests of muscle strength, unilateral movement and dexterity, bimanual coordination, arm stability and functional tasks in people with PD as these domains are the most commonly and significantly impaired.

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