Journal articles: 'Upper expectation'

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Cao, Xiaomin. "An Upper Bound of Large Deviations for Capacities." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/516291.

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Up to now, most of the academic researches about the large deviation and risk theory are under the framework of the classical linear expectations. But motivated by problems of model uncertainties in statistics, measures of risk, and superhedging in finance, sublinear expectations are extensively studied. In this paper, we obtain a type of large deviation principle under the sublinear expectation. This result is a new expression of the Gärtner-Ellis theorem under the sublinear expectations which is in the classical theory of large deviations. In addition, we introduce a new process under the sublinear expectations, that is, theG-Poisson process. We give an application of our result and obtain the rate function of the compoundG-Poisson process in the upper bound of large deviations for capacities. The application of our result opens a new field for the research of risk theory in the future.

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Elsafty, Ashraf, and Ahmed AlNawaly. "Role of Co-Working Spaces’ Services in Entrepreneurs Growth in Upper Egypt: The Case of Step Co-Working Space." Business and Management Studies 6, no. 2 (June 28, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/bms.v6i2.4898.

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Co-working spaces are a new concept in Upper Egypt; Step co-working space is the first co-working space in Assiut governorate. Through co-working spaces services and facilities, this paper developed a new operationalization of the entrepreneurs’ growth. This research design resulting conceptual framework proposes that certain combinations of cost-sharing concepts, entrepreneurial awareness, NGO support, Mentoring, and Networking activities would increase the expectation of challenging entrepreneurial growth in Upper Egypt.A survey of unstructured interview and questionnaire used two data collection methods as a research instrument and was applied to the owner managers of Egyptian enterprises. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between entrepreneurs’ growth expectations and cost sharing, awareness, NGOs support, Mentoring, Networking, gender, facilities, and unemployment in Upper Egypt.

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Talha, Muhammad Ali, Xuehong Qi, and Muhammad Rizwan. "Cultural Impact of Perceived Parental Expectations on Students’ Academic Stress." ANNALS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PERSPECTIVE 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.52700/assap.v1i2.25.

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The current study was conducted to investigate the cultural impact of perceived parental expectation on students’ academic stress. Study was completed through correlational research design. Survey was conducted by using questionnaires as a method of data collection. Multistage-sampling technique was used to approach the respondents. As a sample of study 977 students were selected. There are two research instruments that were used; Perceived Parental Expectation Scale (Wang, & Heppner, 2002) and Questionnaire of Academic Stress in Secondary Education (Garcia-Ros, Perez-Gonzalez, & Tomas, 2018). Following statistical tests were used to analyze the data; Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient, Linear regression, t-test for independent samples design, and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results revealed that a positive relationship between parental expectation and academic stress, standard regression model show significant impact of parental expectations on academic stress and difference of perceived parental expectations and academic stress with respect to the gender of the students’ differences was reported in result favoring male students for higher expectations and stress. Students those parents were unemployed reported to perceive higher level of parental expectations and academic stress. Significant differences due to geographical location of zones (upper Punjab, central Punjab and southern Punjab) relative to parental expectations and academic stress was also reported. Significant results were reported according to different groups of parental education. In the domain of SES, there are differences in parental expectations and academic stress among students at secondary level.

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Qiu, Tian, Yang Bai, and Jingyi Lu. "Taking risks for the best: Maximizing and risk-taking tendencies." Judgment and Decision Making 15, no. 4 (July 2020): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500007440.

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AbstractMaximizing is characterized by aspirations for the highest standards. The current study explored the relationship between maximizing and risk-taking tendencies in decisions subject to risk. We propose that people first refer to expectation (i.e., the overall utility expected from an alternative) when taking risky decisions. If expectation clearly identifies the best option, maximizing will not be correlated with risk-taking tendencies. If not, people refer to maximizing to reach a decision. Maximizing will be positively associated with risk-taking tendencies because the “upper bound” of risky options helps achieve the goal of seeking the best. Four studies showed that risk-taking tendencies increased with maximizing when the options had similar expectations (Studies 1 to 3). When expectations between options were clearly different (vs. similar), the positive relationship between maximizing and risk-taking tendencies was reduced (Study 4). These findings provide an insight into how maximizing is related to risk seeking.

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Marmorino, M. G. "Upper Bound to the Expectation Value of the Squared Hamiltonian." Journal of Mathematical Chemistry 35, no. 1 (January 2004): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jomc.0000007814.41723.6b.

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Lin, Lu, Yufeng Shi, Xin Wang, and Shuzhen Yang. "k-sample upper expectation linear regression—Modeling, identifiability, estimation and prediction." Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 170 (March 2016): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jspi.2015.09.002.

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7

Joye, Alain. "Upper bounds for the energy expectation in time-dependent quantum mechanics." Journal of Statistical Physics 85, no. 5-6 (December 1996): 575–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02199357.

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Markiewicz, Augustyn, and Simo Puntanen. "Upper bounds for the Euclidean distances between the BLUPs." Special Matrices 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 249–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/spma-2018-0020.

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Abstract In this article we consider the general linear model {y, X ß, V} where y is the observable random vector with expectation X ß and covariance matrix V. Our interest is on predicting the unobservable random vector y* which comes from y* = X* ß + ƹ* where the expectation of y* isX* ß and the covariance matrix of y* is known aswell as the cross-covariance matrix between y* and y. The random vector y* can be considered as a kind of unknown future value.We introduce upper bounds for the Euclidean distances between the BLUPs, the best linear unbiased predictors, when the prediction is based on the original model and when it is based on the transformed model { Fy, FX ß, FVF’}. We also show how the upper bounds are related to the concept of linear sufficiency, and we apply our results into the mixed linear model.

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Zhou, Lili, Jinqing Liu, and Jane-Jane Lo. "A Comparison of U.S. and Chinese Geometry Standards through the Lens of van Hiele Levels." International Journal of Education in Mathematics, Science and Technology 10, no. 1 (December 15, 2021): 38–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.46328/ijemst.1848.

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The present study aims to compare the geometry standards in U.S. Common Core State Standards of Mathematics (CCSSM) and Chinese Compulsory Education Mathematics Curriculum Standards (CMCS) through the lens of van Hiele levels. The study considered a standard unit as one or multiple learning expectation(s) and placed each learning expectation into van Hiele levels. By examining the van Hiele level distributions of the learning expectations and major topics, this study investigated how CCSSM and CMCS propose the students' development of geometric thoughts. The findings reveal different emphases in geometry learning expectations of CCSSM and CMCS. Specifically, (a) Geometry standards in CCSSM are more general, whereas geometry standards in CMCS are more specific; (b) CMCS shows a more consistent progression through grade bands than CCSSM; (c) CCSSM makes more connections between various aspects within a topic and across multiple topics than CMCS; (d) CCSSM highlights Dynamic Geometry Environments (DGEs), whereas CMCS underscores abstract and rigor at the upper level. Implications of this study and suggestions for future revisions for both standards are discussed.

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Valdés, Manuel Tomás. "The Evolution of Educational Expectations in Spain (2003-2018): An Analysis of Social Inequality Using PISA." International Journal of Sociology of Education 10, no. 1 (February 25, 2021): 82–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/rise.2020.6413.

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This paper examines the educational expectations of the Spanish student body at the end of compulsory education. Using the 2003 and 2018 waves of PISA, I report a remarkable increase in the educational ambition of the Spanish student body. Two aspects are worth noting. Firstly, virtually all 15-years-old students expect to enroll in Upper Secondary Education by 2018. Secondly, Higher Vocational Education has become a very appealing alternative at tertiary level. Furthermore, significant inequalities have been documented in the configuration of educational expectations. However, inequality has been reduced in the expectations of enrolment in Upper Secondary and Tertiary Education due to the higher educational ambition among socioeconomically disadvantaged students. In turn, inequality has increased in the horizontal expectation of enrolment in the academic track in both levels because a larger share of socioeconomically disadvantaged students preferred the vocational track in 2018 (diversion thesis). Using counterfactual analysis, I have observed that this increase in horizontal inequality would have been larger had it not been for the change in the social structure between 2003 and 2018

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Ankirchner, Stefan, and Maike Klein. "Bayesian sequential testing with expectation constraints." ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations 26 (2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cocv/2019045.

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We study a stopping problem arising from a sequential testing of two simple hypotheses H0 and H1 on the drift rate of a Brownian motion. We impose an expectation constraint on the stopping rules allowed and show that an optimal stopping rule satisfying the constraint can be found among the rules of the following type: stop if the posterior probability for H1 attains a given lower or upper barrier; or stop if the posterior probability comes back to a fixed intermediate point after a sufficiently large excursion. Stopping at the intermediate point means that the testing is abandoned without accepting H0 or H1. In contrast to the unconstrained case, optimal stopping rules, in general, cannot be found among interval exit times. Thus, optimal stopping rules in the constrained case qualitatively differ from optimal rules in the unconstrained case.

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Paini, Marco, Amir Kalev, Dan Padilha, and Brendan Ruck. "Estimating expectation values using approximate quantum states." Quantum 5 (March 16, 2021): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-03-16-413.

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We introduce an approximate description of an N-qubit state, which contains sufficient information to estimate the expectation value of any observable to a precision that is upper bounded by the ratio of a suitably-defined seminorm of the observable to the square root of the number of the system's identical preparations M, with no explicit dependence on N. We describe an operational procedure for constructing the approximate description of the state that requires, besides the quantum state preparation, only single-qubit rotations followed by single-qubit measurements. We show that following this procedure, the cardinality of the resulting description of the state grows as 3MN. We test the proposed method on Rigetti's quantum processor unit with 12, 16 and 25 qubits for random states and random observables, and find an excellent agreement with the theory, despite experimental errors.

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Loffredo, Donald A., and Rick Harrington. "Age-Related Grade Inflation Expectancies in a University Environment." Education Research International 2012 (2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/789470.

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Grade inflation is a recognized problem in higher education in the United States. Age, gender, and ethnic differences in discrepancies between student reports of their expected grade in each course and their expectations for general university grading practices were explored in a survey of 166 (mostly female) participants at a small upper-division university. Results revealed that while a small minority of students agreed that grading systems in college should only include A or B grades, a large majority of students expected A or B grades. Thus, student discrepancies between their expectations for grading systems and their expected class grades were in line with expectations that they should receive inflated grades. Results also revealed statistically significant age differences in grade expectation with students older than the age of 55 expecting lower grades relative to their younger counterparts.

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OU, Mingyong, Zhenyu WU, Haifeng YU, Xing JIANG, Yinyi LI, and Wenlin LU. "The scheme of wind-storage combined system capacity configuration based on random fuzzy chance constrained bi-level programming." MATEC Web of Conferences 232 (2018): 04060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201823204060.

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A random fuzzy chance constrained bilevel programming scheme for distributed wind-storage combined system is proposed. The random fuzzy simulation is used to describe the uncertainty of distributed wind power output. The reliability of randomness and ambiguity is taken as the index to evaluate the capacity allocation scheme of the distributed wind-storage combined system. Considering system power balance, opportunity measurement constraint of static security index and active management (AM) measures, the random fuzzy expectation value of maximum annual profit is set as the upper optimization goal, and the minimum random fuzzy expectation value of the distributed wind power active reduction is set as the lower optimization target. The scheme is constructed by judging whether the static security index of the upper goal satisfies the confidence level of the random fuzzy chance constraint and the coordination of the upper and lower goals. Finally, the random fuzzy simulation, the forward pushback power flow calculation and the genetic algorithm (GA) are applied to solve the model. The simulation result of IEEE 14-bus example shows the effectiveness and superiority of the model and scheme.

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Kumar, Devendra, and Anamika Kulshrestha. "Expectation Identities of Upper Record Values from Generalized Pareto Distribution and a Characterization." Journal of Statistics Applications & Probability 2, no. 2 (July 1, 2013): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12785/jsap/020204.

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Dulá, José H. "An upper bound on the expectation of simplicial functions of multivariate random variables." Mathematical Programming 55, no. 1-3 (April 1992): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01581191.

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Yu, Wenguang, and Yujuan Huang. "A Dependent Insurance Risk Model with Surrender and Investment under the Thinning Process." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/134246.

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A dependent insurance risk model with surrender and investment under the thinning process is discussed, where the arrival of the policies follows a compound Poisson-Geometric process, and the occurrences of the claim and surrender happen as the p-thinning process and the q-thinning process of the arrival process, respectively. By the martingale theory, the properties of the surplus process, adjustment coefficient equation, the upper bound of ruin probability, and explicit expression of ruin probability are obtained. Moreover, we also get the Laplace transformation, the expectation, and the variance of the time when the surplus reaches a given level for the first time. Finally, various trends of the upper bound of ruin probability and the expectation and the variance of the time when the surplus reaches a given level for the first time are simulated analytically along with changing the investment size, investment interest rates, claim rate, and surrender rate.

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Shrestha, Muna. "The Impact of Capitalist Psychology of Mid Victorian Erain Charles Dickens’ Novel Great Expectations." Nepal Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 3, no. 2 (November 23, 2020): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njmr.v3i2.33020.

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My thesis argues that Charles Dickens reflects the capitalist psychology of mid Victorian London in his novel Great Expectations. It is fully narrated in the first person and a time conquering master piece of Charles Dickens. In this novel, he touches on expectations in the life of diverse characters, the greatest of which being the expectation of Pip, the central character of the novel and also his moves from childhood to adulthood. He portrays how difficult it is for a lower class person to become a gentleman. The life for the upper class is easy but the life for the lower class is hard and painful in Victorian England. He vividly represents the existing picture of the society working in the minds of various characters and their expectations. Dickens's themes include wealth and poverty, love and rejection and the eventual triumph of good over evil.The purpose of this study is to describe the writer’s view of capitalism and its consequences such as ending of family units, illness, mutual exploitation, human passions, expectations and selfishness through character and plot.

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Wu, Helin, Yong Ren, and Feng Hu. "Dynkin game under g-expectation in continuous time." Arabian Journal of Mathematics 9, no. 2 (March 9, 2020): 459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40065-020-00281-2.

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Abstract In this paper, we investigate some kind of Dynkin game under g-expectation induced by backward stochastic differential equation (short for BSDE). The lower and upper value functions $$\underline{V}_t=ess\sup \nolimits _{\tau \in {\mathcal {T}_t}} ess\inf \nolimits _{\sigma \in {\mathcal {T}_t}}\mathcal {E}^g_t[R(\tau ,\sigma )]$$ V ̲ t = e s s sup τ ∈ T t e s s inf σ ∈ T t E t g [ R ( τ , σ ) ] and $$\overline{V}_t=ess\inf \nolimits _{\sigma \in {\mathcal {T}_t}} ess\sup \nolimits _{\tau \in {\mathcal {T}_t}}\mathcal {E}^g_t[R(\tau ,\sigma )]$$ V ¯ t = e s s inf σ ∈ T t e s s sup τ ∈ T t E t g [ R ( τ , σ ) ] are defined, respectively. Under some suitable assumptions, a pair of saddle points is obtained and the value function of Dynkin game $$V(t)=\underline{V}_t=\overline{V}_t$$ V ( t ) = V ̲ t = V ¯ t follows. Furthermore, we also consider the constrained case of Dynkin game.

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S, Sirikudta, Archarungroj P, and Sirisuthikul V. "Sustainable Creative Tourism for Fulfilling the Gap between Tourists’ Expectation and Perception towards Tourism Routes in the Upper Greater Mekong Subregion." International Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences 5, no. 2 (April 26, 2019): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.20469/ijhss.5.10001-2.

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Entwistle, Hugh N., Christopher J. Lustri, and Georgy Yu Sofronov. "On Asymptotics of Optimal Stopping Times." Mathematics 10, no. 2 (January 9, 2022): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10020194.

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We consider optimal stopping problems, in which a sequence of independent random variables is drawn from a known continuous density. The objective of such problems is to find a procedure which maximizes the expected reward. In this analysis, we obtained asymptotic expressions for the expectation and variance of the optimal stopping time as the number of drawn variables became large. In the case of distributions with infinite upper bound, the asymptotic behaviour of these statistics depends solely on the algebraic power of the probability distribution decay rate in the upper limit. In the case of densities with finite upper bound, the asymptotic behaviour of these statistics depends on the algebraic form of the distribution near the finite upper bound. Explicit calculations are provided for several common probability density functions.

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Kumar, Devendra, Neetu Jain, and Shivani Gupta. "The Type I Generalized Half-Logistic Distribution Based on Upper Record Values." Journal of Probability and Statistics 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/393608.

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We consider the type I generalized half-logistic distribution and derive some new explicit expressions and recurrence relations for marginal and joint moment generating functions of upper record values. Here we show the computations for the first four moments and their variances. Next we show that results for record values of this distribution can be derived from our results as special cases. We obtain the characterization result of this distribution on using the recurrence relation for single moment and conditional expectation of upper record values. We obtain the maximum likelihood estimators of upper record values and their confidence intervals. Also, we compute the maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of upper record values and their confidence intervals. At last, we present one real case data study to emphasize the results of this paper.

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GIUNTI, CARLO, and MARCO LAVEDER. "THE PHYSICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF CONFIDENCE INTERVALS." International Journal of Modern Physics C 12, no. 08 (October 2001): 1155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183101002413.

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We define some appropriate statistical quantities that indicate the physical significance (reliability) of confidence intervals in the framework of both Frequentist and Bayesian statistical theories. We consider the expectation value of the upper limit in the absence of a signal (that we propose to call "exclusion potential", instead of "sensitivity" as done by Feldman and Cousins) and its standard deviation, we define the "Pull" of a null result, expressing the reliability of an experimental upper limit, and the "upper and lower detection functions", that give information on the possible outcome of an experiment if there is a signal. We also give a new appropriate definition of "sensitivity", that quantifies the capability of an experiment to reveal the signal that is searched for at the given confidence level.

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Li, Ming Qi, and Yu Lin Liu. "Precoding Matrix Design of Orthogonal Space Time Coding and Performance Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 58-60 (June 2011): 1624–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.58-60.1624.

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Space-time coding has the advantage of simplicity on coding, easy to achieve full diversity transmission, and low complexity on decoding. Based on the estimated inequality of the expectation of a random variable function, block error rate of the orthogonal space time block decoding is analyzed, and a new upper bound on the symbol error rate is achieved. Precoding criterion on orthogonal space time coding has been proposed based on the new upper bound. The solving complexity of the precoding matrix is reduced effectively. Simulation results show that bit error rate of the precoded system is lower than that of the without precoding.

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Imori, Shinpei, and Dietrich Von Rosen. "On the mean and dispersion of the Moore-Penrose generalized inverse of a Wishart matrix." Electronic Journal of Linear Algebra 36, no. 36 (March 27, 2020): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/ela.2020.5091.

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The Moore-Penrose inverse of a singular Wishart matrix is studied. When the scale matrix equals the identity matrix the mean and dispersion matrices of the Moore-Penrose inverse are known. When the scale matrix has an arbitrary structure no exact results are available. The article complements the existing literature by deriving upper and lower bounds for the expectation and an upper bound for the dispersion of the Moore-Penrose inverse. The results show that the bounds become large when the number of rows (columns) of the Wishart matrix are close to the degrees of freedom of the distribution.

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SON, HYO SEOK, JAE-WOOK KWON, SEONG HOON LEE, CHUL KIM, and HIKI HONG. "THE EFFECT OF UPPER-HEATING SYSTEM IN SOLAR WATER STORAGE TANK." International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration 22, no. 04 (December 2014): 1450027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010132514500278.

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Thermal stratification in the water storage tank of solar heating system is essential to increase the collection efficiency. We previously investigated the stratification performance of side-heating system, where the hot water returning from the collector heats up the side wall of storage tank. Subsequently, we studied an evolved heating system for further improvement, where we added an upper-heating to the side-heating. Here we thoroughly examine the stratification performance of the evolved heating system using TRNSYS-based simulation. As the essential result, contrary to expectation, evolved system does not show substantial improvement of collection efficiency compared to side-heating. However, we confirm that evolved system excels in the useful energy.

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O’Connor, Raymond, Jane O’Doherty, Andrew O’Regan, Aoife O’Neill, Claire McMahon, and Colum P. Dunne. "Medical management of acute upper respiratory infections in an urban primary care out-of-hours facility: cross-sectional study of patient presentations and expectations." BMJ Open 9, no. 2 (February 2019): e025396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025396.

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ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine the expectations of patients attending an urban primary care out-of-hours (OOH) facility with acute upper respiratory tract infection (acute URTI) regarding clinical examination, symptom management, information on their condition, reassurance, antibiotic treatment and other possible options including referral.DesignCross-sectional design.SettingOne urban primary care OOH facility located in the midwest of Ireland.Participants457 patients filled out a questionnaire while waiting in the OOH facility; 22 surveys were excluded as the patients did not present with symptoms of acute URTI resulting in 435 patients’ data being included in this study. There were 59.5% female participants and 40.5% male participants.Results435 patients with acute URTI symptoms participated in the survey, representing 25.4% of those attending the single branch where the survey was conducted (n=1715). Of the study participants, 43% were aged under 6 years and 60% were women. The most common presenting symptoms were cough (72%), throat ache (46%) and common cold (26%). The most common expectations were for further examination (53%), reassurance (51%), information (49%) and medication for cough (47%), with 34% expecting an antibiotic.ConclusionsOnly one in three patients attending this primary care OOH facility with acute URTI symptoms had an expectation of antibiotics, with most seeking further assessment, information and reassurance. Recognition of such expectations may be important considerations for clinicians when deciding on management options for patients with acute URTI.

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AL-NAGHMOUSH, ALI, MURAT ÖZER, and M. O. TAHA. "AN UPPER BOUND ON THE HIGGS BOSON MASS FROM A POSITIVITY CONDITION ON THE MASS MATRIX." Modern Physics Letters A 13, no. 10 (March 28, 1998): 753–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732398000814.

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We impose the condition that the eigenvalues of the mass matrix in the shifted Lagrangian density be positive at ϕ=ϕ0, the vacuum expectation value of the scalar field. Using the one-loop effective potential of the standard model, this condition leads to an upper bound on the Higgs boson mass m H :m H <230 GeV, for a top quark mass of 175 GeV.

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Bird, Sheila M. "Changes in male suicides in Scottish prisons: 10-year study." British Journal of Psychiatry 192, no. 6 (June 2008): 446–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.038679.

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BackgroundIn 1999 I estimated the expected number of UK prison suicides, taking into account that opioid users' deaths from suicide were 10 times the number expected for their age and gender. Changes have since taken place in Scottish prisons.AimsTo estimate the expected number of male suicides in Scottish prisons in 1994–2003, having taken age and opioid dependency into account; and to consider the extremes of prisoner age.MethodThe effective number that prisons safeguard in terms of suicide risk was approximated as 10 times the number of opioid-dependent inmates plus other inmates. By applying age-appropriate suicide rates for Scottish males to these effective numbers, expectations for male suicides in Scottish prisons were calculated.ResultsIn 1994-98, there were at least 57 male suicides, significantly exceeding the age- and opioid-adjusted expectation of 41. In 1999–2003, the 51 male suicides in prison were consistent with expectation (upper 95% limit: at least 54). During the decade 1994–2003, observed and expected suicides were mismatched at both extremes of age: 40 males aged 15-24 years died by suicidev.24 expected, and 13 males aged 45+ v. 2 expected. Against 4.5 prison suicides expected for males aged 15-24 years during a 2-year period, actual suicides were 3 in 2002 + 2003 and 4 in 2004 + 2005.ConclusionsScotland has redressed an excess of male suicides, especially by its youngest prisoners.

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Chau, Hoa Thi Hoang. "TOWARDS THE INTEGRATION OF CULTURE INTO TEACHING ENGLISH IN UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOLS: TEACHERS’ CONCERNS AND EXPECTATIONS." Hue University Journal of Science: Social Sciences and Humanities 127, no. 6B (November 21, 2018): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.26459/hueuni-jssh.v127i6b.4879.

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As a part of educational reform in upper secondary education, intercultural competence has been identified as a goal of foreign language teaching to enable the Vietnamese young people to work and study in globalized environment. In fact, culture has been incorporated in the expected English teaching curriculum for general education. Prior the change of curriculum at national scale, this study aimed to explore teachers’ perceptions of integrating intercultural competence into teaching English at upper secondary level. The quantitative and qualitative data collected from 101 teachers of English in a province of the Mekong Delta, indicated that they took the four aspects into considerations, namely learners’ learning strategies and motivations, teachers’ intercultural instructions, course books and curriculum, and management aspects. For better practice of intercultural integration, the teachers had high expectation for pedagogical training to enhance their intercultural competence and intercultural integrating pedagogies. From the findings, some pedagogical implications were made to foster the feasibility of intercultural integration in teaching English in upper secondary level.Keywords. educational reform, intercultural competence, intercultural integration, teachers’ perceptions, upper secondary education

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BRAIBANT, SYLVIE, YVES BRIHAYE, and JUTTA KUNZ. "SPHALERONS AT FINITE TEMPERATURE." International Journal of Modern Physics A 08, no. 31 (December 20, 1993): 5563–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x93002198.

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We construct the sphaleron for several temperature-dependent effective potentials. We determine the sphaleron energy as a function of temperature and demonstrate that the sphaleron energy at a given temperature T is well approximated by the sphaleron energy at temperature zero scaled by the ratio of the vacuum expectation values of the Higgs field at temperatures T and zero. We address the cosmological upper bound on the Higgs mass.

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PANDITA, P. N. "UPPER BOUND ON THE MASS OF LIGHTEST HIGGS BOSON IN THE SUPERSYMMETRIC SINGLET MAJORAN MODEL." Modern Physics Letters A 10, no. 21 (July 10, 1995): 1533–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732395001654.

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We calculate an upper bound on the lightest Higgs boson mass in the supersymmetric singlet majoran model containing SU(2)×U(1) singlet right-handed neutrino fields and a chiral singlet having two units of lepton number. We show that although the singlet vacuum expectation values and supersymmetry breaking masses do not decouple from the upper bound, even at the tree level, their effect is small, thereby reducing the bound to the corresponding bound in the minimal supersymmetric standard model. Radiative corrections to the bound are similar to those in the minimal model. We also show that the couplings of the lightest Higgs boson to the majorans are suppressed in this model.

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Chen, Qiuwen, Wenqing Shi, Jef Huisman, Stephen C. Maberly, Jianyun Zhang, Juhua Yu, Yuchen Chen, Daniele Tonina, and Qitao Yi. "Hydropower reservoirs on the upper Mekong River modify nutrient bioavailability downstream." National Science Review 7, no. 9 (February 17, 2020): 1449–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwaa026.

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Abstract Hydropower development is the key strategy in many developing countries for energy supply, climate-change mitigation and economic development. However, it is commonly assumed that river dams retain nutrients and therefore reduce downstream primary productivity and fishery catches, compromising food security and causing trans-boundary disputes. Contrary to expectation, here we found that a cascade of reservoirs along the upper Mekong River increased downstream bioavailability of nitrogen and phosphorus. The dams caused phytoplankton density to increase with hydraulic residence time and stratification of the stagnant reservoirs caused hypoxia at depth. This allowed the release of bioavailable phosphorus from the sediment and an increase in dissolved inorganic nitrogen as well as a shift in nitrogen species from nitrate to ammonium, which were transported downstream by the discharge of water from the base of the dam. Our findings provide a new perspective on the environmental impacts of river dams on nutrient cycling and ecosystem functioning, with potential implications for sustainable development of hydropower worldwide.

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BOZ, MÜGE. "THE HIGGS SECTOR AND ELECTRON ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENT IN NEXT-TO-MINIMAL SUPERSYMMETRY WITH EXPLICIT CP VIOLATION." Modern Physics Letters A 21, no. 03 (January 30, 2006): 243–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773230601855x.

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We study the explicit CP violation of the Higgs sector in the next-to-minimal supersymmetric model with a gauge singlet Higgs field. Our numerical predictions show that electric dipole moment of electron lies around the present experimental upper limits. The mass of the lightest Higgs boson is quite sensitive to the CP violating phases in the theory. It is observed that as the vacuum expectation value of the singlet gets higher values, CP violation increases.

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Mühlenthaler, Moritz, and Alexander Raß. "Runtime analysis of discrete particle swarm optimization algorithms: A survey." it - Information Technology 61, no. 4 (August 27, 2019): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/itit-2019-0009.

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Abstract A discrete particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is a randomized search heuristic for discrete optimization problems. A fundamental question about randomized search heuristics is how long it takes, in expectation, until an optimal solution is found. We give an overview of recent developments related to this question for discrete PSO algorithms. In particular, we give a comparison of known upper and lower bounds of expected runtimes and briefly discuss the techniques used to obtain these bounds.

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RAYCHAUDHURI, AMITAVA, and SREERUP RAYCHAUDHURI. "$B^0 - \bar B^0 $ MIXING IN A SUPERSYMMETRY-INSPIRED TWO HIGGS DOUBLET MODEL." Modern Physics Letters A 03, no. 11 (September 1988): 1099–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732388001306.

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A supersymmetry-motivated two Higgs doublet model with equal vacuum expectation values for the two neutral Higgs and with a physical charged Higgs mass of 80–100 GeV is carefully examined in the context of its implications for [Formula: see text] mixing. Even with this conservative choice of Higgs parameters, the lower bound on the top quark mass coming from the ARGUS data is found to be considerably relaxed. An upper bound is also set, using results from CLEO and Mark II.

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Chen, Ning, Dejie Yu, Baizhan Xia, and Michael Beer. "Hybrid Uncertain Analysis for Exterior Acoustic Field Prediction with Interval Random Parameters." International Journal of Computational Methods 15, no. 02 (September 28, 2017): 1850006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876218500068.

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For exterior acoustic field problems that lack sufficient information to construct precise probability distributions, an interval random model is introduced to deal with the uncertain parameters. In the interval random model, the probability variables are employed to treat the uncertain parameters, whereas some distribution parameters of random variables are modeled as interval variables instead of precise values. Based on the interval random model, the interval random finite element equation for exterior acoustic fields is established and a hybrid uncertain analysis method is presented to solve the exterior acoustic field problem with interval random variables. In the presented method, by temporarily neglecting the uncertainties of interval variables, a first-order stochastic perturbation method is adopted to calculate the expectation and the variance of the response vector. According to the monotonicity of the expectation and variance of the response vector with respect to the interval variables, the lower and upper bounds of the expectation and variance of the response vector can be calculated by the vertex method. In addition, in order to ensure accuracy of the proposed method, the subinterval technique is introduced and investigated. The numerical example of a square flexible shell model is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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From, Steven G. "SOME NEW RELIABILITY BOUNDS FOR SUMS OF NBUE RANDOM VARIABLES." Probability in the Engineering and Informational Sciences 25, no. 1 (November 2, 2010): 83–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269964810000264.

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In this article, we discuss some new upper and lower bounds for the survivor function of the sum of n independent random variables each of which has an NBUE (new better than used in expectation) distribution. In some cases, only the means of the random variables are assumed known. These bounds are compared to the sharp bounds given in Cheng and Lam [6], which requires both means and variances known. Although the new bounds are not sharp, they often produce better upper bounds for the survivor function in the extreme right tail of many NBUE lifetime distributions, an important special case in applications. Moreover, a lower bound exists in one case not handled by the lower bounds of Theorem 3 in Cheng and Lam [6]. Numerical studies are presented along with theoretical discussions.

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Owens Staub, Milner, Rachael Pellegrino, Morgan Johnson, Erin Gettler, Christianne Roumie, Robert Dittus, and Todd Hulgan. "Veteran Satisfaction for Upper Respiratory-Tract Infection (URI) Visits Is Not Associated with Antibiotic Receipt But Is Associated with Antibiotic Expectation." Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology 1, S1 (July 2021): s33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ash.2021.61.

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Background: Antibiotics are not recommended but are often prescribed for upper respiratory-tract infections (URIs). Prescribers cite patient expectation as a driver of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing; prior literature has demonstrated higher satisfaction scores in patients who receive antibiotics compared to those who do not. We assessed whether veteran satisfaction at URI visits was associated with antibiotic receipt or with reported expectation for antibiotics. Methods: We surveyed veterans with documented URI encounters in the Veterans’ Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2019. Patients not evaluated in person, with documented dementia, or who died prior to the study start date were excluded. Veterans were asked to recall their URI visit and to complete the Patient Safety Questionnaire (PSQ)-18 (Rand Corporation) and questions assessing antibiotic expectations. The PSQ-18, an 18-item survey that assesses patient satisfaction, uses a 5-point Likert scale (ie, strongly disagree, disagree, uncertain, agree, strongly agree), yielding a composite score of 18–90. Higher scores represent more satisfaction with care. Demographic and visit-specific information were extracted via chart review. We used multivariable linear regression to assess differences in composite PSQ-18 satisfaction scores between those who did and did not receive an antibiotic, adjusted for patient and visit characteristics, and to assess differences in satisfaction scores for those who did and did not report expecting antibiotics, adjusted for antibiotic receipt. Results: We identified 1,435 patients seen for URI at 17 sites. After exclusions, 1,343 veterans were eligible for chart abstraction. After excluding 42 responders who responded after study close or returned blank surveys, the final analytic cohort included 432 (32.2%) of 1,343 responders; 225 (52.1%) received an antibiotic and 207 (47.9%) did not. Mean total satisfaction for veterans who received an antibiotic was 67.8 (SD, ±9.4) compared to 66.7 (SD, ±9.7) for those who did not (Figure 1). Increased total satisfaction was not significantly associated with antibiotic receipt (0.65; 95% CI, −2.0 to 3.3). Most veterans (72.0%) disagreed that visit satisfaction depended on antibiotic receipt. However, only 30.8% reported that they would not expect an antibiotic for URI visits. A significant reduction in total satisfaction (−4.1; 95% CI, −6.3 to −1.9) was associated with expecting compared to not expecting an antibiotic. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that prescribing an antibiotic is not associated with increased veteran satisfaction for URI visits but is associated with expecting an antibiotic. Future work will evaluate methods to change veteran antibiotic expectations.Funding: NoDisclosures: None

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EFIMOV, G. V., and G. GANBOLD. "ON THE VACUUM STABILITY IN THE SUPERRENORMALIZED YUKAWA-TYPE THEORY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 05, no. 03 (February 10, 1990): 531–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x9000026x.

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The stability of the ground state and the possibility of the appearance of a phase transition in the superrenormalizable nonlocal Yukawa-type field theory are investigated. A variational estimation of the upper bound for the effective potential is obtained. It is shown that there exists a finite critical value for the boson-fermion coupling constant. The initial vacuum becomes unstable when this coupling constant exceeds the critical value. As a result, the system under consideration goes into the phase with nonvanishing expectation value of the field.

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Yoshioka, K. "DEVELOPMENT AND CLINICAL STUDY OF A PROJECTION IMAGES PROGRAM TO ENCOURAGE ARM MOVEMENTS FOR REHABILITATION." Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference 1 (May 2020): 2227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dsd.2020.3.

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AbstractIn a program we developed called “Let's keep wiping to draw pictures!”, projected graphic images change according to rehabilitation movements for upper limbs, and the levels of exercise amount and quality of movement achieved by patients are reflected in the outcome of the artwork as feedback. At a rehabilitation hospital, inpatients who used the program to perform rehabilitation exercises showed higher levels of satisfaction and expectation in the exercises, and performed simple and repetitive movements more willingly. The program can expect to maintain motivation towards rehabilitation.

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Pilipenko, A., and O. O. Prykhodko. "On a limit behaviour of a random walk penalised in the lower half-plane." Theory of Stochastic Processes 25(41), no. 2 (December 11, 2021): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37863/tsp-1140919749-78.

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We consider a random walk Ŝ which has different increment distributions in positive and negative half-planes. In the upper half-plane the increments are mean-zero i.i.d. with finite variance. In the lower half-plane we consider two cases: increments are positive i.i.d. random variables with either a slowly varying tail or with a finite expectation. For the distributions with a slowly varying tails, we show that {Ŝ(nt)/√n} has no weak limit in D([0,1]); alternatively, the weak limit is a reflected Brownian motion.

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Venkanna, Mood, Rameshwar Rao, and P. Chandra Sekhar. "PSO based optimization of worst-case execution time for ASIP application." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.3 (June 8, 2018): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.33.14162.

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Industrial requires hard real-time systems for safety and critical applications like automotive, Aeronautics, manufacturing control and train industries. Hard Real-Time Systems’ embedded controllers are with expectation of complete the tasks within a certain time bounds reliably including task scheduling. The estimation of upper bound limits corresponding to the execution times is often termed as the Worst-Case Execution Times (WCETs). It is an essential step in developing and validating the hard real-time systems. Particularly, the upper bounds need to satisfy these constraints related to the execution times. However, it is often not feasible many times to set upper bounds on execution times for programs. In present work, the problem of choosing reconfigurable Custom Instructions (CIs) is accomplished by optimizing the WCET corresponding to an application. This issue is designed using Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based program for a path analysis. The work emphasizes on the effectiveness of optimizing the WCET when applied to a reconfigurable processor. It evaluates a compound application of multimedia with a host of reconfigurable CIs corresponding to a number of hardware parameters.

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ALOK, ASHUTOSH KUMAR, and S. UMA SANKAR. "NEW PHYSICS UPPER BOUND ON THE BRANCHING RATIO OF Bs → l+l-γ." Modern Physics Letters A 22, no. 18 (June 14, 2007): 1319–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732307021901.

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We consider the effect of new physics on the branching ratio of Bs → l+l-γ where l = e, μ. If the new physics is of the form scalar/pseudoscalar, then it makes no contribution to Bs → l+l-γ, unlike in the case of Bs → l+l-, where it can potentially make a very large contribution. If the new physics is in the form of vector/axial-vector operators, then the present data on B → (K, K*) l+l- does not allow a large enhancement for B(Bs → l+l- γ). If the new physics is in the form of tensor/pseudotensor operators, then the data on B → (K, K*) l+l- gives no useful constraint but the data on B → K* γ does. Here again, a large enhancement of B(Bs → l+l-γ), much beyond the Standard Model expectation, is not possible. Hence, we conclude that the present data on b → s transitions allow a large boost in B(Bs → l+l-) but not in B(Bs → l+l-γ).

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Moayyerizadeh, Zahra. "Substitution vector-valued integral type operators on Orlicz spaces." Filomat 35, no. 9 (2021): 3183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil2109183m.

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In this paper, we consider some fundamental properties of a substitution vector-valued integral operator Tu? from Orlicz space L?(?) to Hilbert space H by the language of conditional expectation operators. First, we present necessary and sufficient conditions for boundedness and compactness Tu? from L?(?) to H. Next, we investigate the problem of conditions on the generating Young functions, the functions u, ? and h = d(? ? ?-1)/d?, under which operator Tu? is of closed range or finite rank. Finally, we determine the lower and upper estimates for the essential norm of Tu? on Orlicz spaces under certain conditions.

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Nath, S., K. Shobha, and K. D. Sen. "Approximate upper bounds to the momentum expectation value ratios ?p 2?/?p ?1? and ?p?/?p ?1? in atoms." Theoretica Chimica Acta 70, no. 2 (August 1986): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00532208.

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Totten, Douglas J., John P. Marinelli, Samuel A. Spear, Sarah N. Bowe, and Matthew L. Carlson. "With the Incidence of Otosclerosis Declining, Should Stapedectomy Remain a Key-Indicator Case for Otolaryngology Residents?" Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 163, no. 6 (July 21, 2020): 1070–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599820941836.

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Stapedectomy remains a joint key-indicator case with ossiculoplasty for otolaryngology residents in the United States. Yet, residents consistently report feeling inadequately prepared to perform stapes surgery following graduation. Applying recently described age- and sex-standardized incidence rates of surgically confirmed cases of otosclerosis to the US populace, upper and lower estimates of residents’ case exposure to stapedectomy can be approximated. With this, uppermost projections estimate 6484 new cases of stapes surgery are performed annually nationwide. With approximately 1424 otolaryngology residents nationally, the average case exposure is 7.8 stapedectomies throughout their training, with upper and lower estimates of 17.1 and 4.2 cases, respectively. As such, proficiency in stapedectomy is no longer a realistic expectation for US graduating residents. This reality supports the removal of “stapedectomy” from the list of 14 key-indicator case requirements, leaving ossiculoplasty as its own key-indicator case, thereby reinforcing true competence in this fundamental procedure for the graduating otolaryngologist.

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FARNELL, D. J. J., and R. F. BISHOP. "ODD AND EVEN BEHAVIOR WITH LSUBm APPROXIMATION LEVEL IN HIGH-ORDER COUPLED CLUSTER METHOD (CCM) CALCULATIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 20 (August 10, 2008): 3369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797920803999x.

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The coupled cluster method (CCM) is a powerful and widely applied technique of modern-day quantum many-body theory. It has been used with great success in order to understand the properties of quantum magnets at zero temperature. This is largely due to the application of computational techniques that allow the method to be applied to high orders of approximation using a localized scheme known as the LSUBm scheme. A hitherto unreported aspect of this scheme is that results for LSUBm expectation values behave in distinctly different ways with odd and even values of m. Here, we consider the behavior of ground-state expectation values of odd and even orders of the CCM LSUBm approximation for unfrustrated spin-half Heisenberg antiferromagnets on the square and honeycomb lattice and the frustrated spin-half Heisenberg antiferromagnet on the triangular lattice. We demonstrate that results for odd and even orders of approximation show qualitatively different behavior for both the ground-state energy and the sublattice magnetization. Indeed, the odd series consistently forms an upper branch of results, and the even series a lower branch with respect to both ground-state energy and sublattice magnetization, for all of the models considered here.

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Szymański, Konrad, and Karol Życzkowski. "Universal witnesses of vanishing energy gap." Europhysics Letters 136, no. 3 (November 1, 2021): 30003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/ac35f4.

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Abstract Energy gap, the difference between the energy of the ground-state of a given Hamiltonian and the energy of its first excited state, is a parameter of a critical importance in analysis of phase transitions and adiabatic quantum computation. We present a concrete technique to determine an upper bound for the energy gap of a Hamiltonian H 0 based on properties of the set of expectation values of H 0 and an additional auxiliary Hamiltonian V. This formalism can be applied to obtain an effective criterion of gaplessness, which we illustrate with a concrete example of the XY model —a physical system with vanishing energy gap.

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Krejic, Natasa, and Sanja Loncar. "A nonmonotone line search method for stochastic optimization problems." Filomat 32, no. 19 (2018): 6799–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1819799k.

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A nonmonotone line search method for solving unconstrained optimization problems with the objective function in the form of mathematical expectation is proposed and analyzed. The method works with approximate values of the objective function obtained with increasing sample sizes and improves accuracy gradually. Nonmonotone rule significantly enlarges the set of admissible search directions and prevents unnecessarily small steps at the beginning of the iterative procedure. The convergence is shown for any search direction that approaches the negative gradient in the limit. The convergence results are obtained in the sense of zero upper density. Initial numerical results confirm theoretical results and show efficiency of the proposed approach.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Upper expectation'

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