Academic literature on the topic 'Upper Ciliwung'

The Upper Ciliwung watershed is classified into 15 watersheds that must be restored. This study aims to evaluate the existing conditions of the sustainability status of land use based on environmental, economic and social aspects in the Upper Ciliwung Watershed Region. The Multidimensional Scaling technique through the development of the Rap-Watershed application was used to evaluate the Status of Sustainability of land use in the upstream Ciliwung watershed. The results of the study show that in general the identification of sustainable land use in each sub-watershed in the Upper Ciliwung watershed is categorized as moderately sustainable. The condition of the sub-watersheds in the Ciliwung Hulu watershed which is quite good in conditions that are sufficiently environmentally, economically and socially sustainable are the Upper Ciliwung watershed and the Cisarua watershed. The Cibalok sub-watershed and the Ciesek sub-watershed need to be considered specifically for the status of sustainability in the environmental and economic dimensions.

The condition of the Upper Ciliwung Watershed’s Minimum Erosion Hazard value is still far from expected, since the value is still greater than one. The sustainability of watershed functions is influenced by the value of Minimum Erosion Hazard Rate, Farmer's Revenue, and Food Crop Production Results. The purpose of this research is to build calculation method of Sustainability Index of Watershed Function (IKFD) of Upper Ciliwung and to know the condition of Upper Ciliwung Watershed sustainability. The method of this research is mix method that combine quantitative and qualitative data. Data analysis was done by using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Based on the method used in this study, the authors build the calculation formula IKFD as follows: IKFD = (ITBEM × 72.8%) + (IPPet × 15.3%) + (IPTPa × 11.9%). The final calculation of IKFD Upper Ciliwung is done through the sum of the multiplication of the AHP value of each indicator with the real condition value of each indicator. After the Upper Ciliwung Watershed Index is obtained, then it is categorized into category classes based on the distribution of figures in the index calculation. The Sustainability Index Value of Upper Ciliwung Watershed Function at present is 30.7% and goes into very less level.

The hydrological model has an important role to present the accurate and reliable information for water resources management. In this research, combination of HEC-GeoHMS and HEC-HMS that adopt the SCS-CN model have been chosen to analyse the hydrological characteristic at Upper Ciliwung Watershed. Ciliwung Watershed is one of 13 watersheds that has big influence to flood management in Jakarta. Flooding is the natural hazard that occurs every year at Jakarta. One of important part of flood early warning system at Jakarta is Katulampa Weir that located at Upper Ciliwung watershed. The area of it watershed is about 150 km2 that only has one stream gauge station at Katulampa. Accurate representation of rainfall runoff modelling at this location is important in order to predict the discharge and water infrastructure design. The objective of this paper is to obtain the parameter combination of Upper Ciliwung Watershed which can produce the discharge close to the discharge observation using HEC-HMS. The comparison between HEC-HMS and observation gage at Upper Ciliwung Watershed was calculated by Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) method. Nash value of discharge simulation at Upper Ciliwung Watershed compare with the discharge observation at Katumpa Weir reach up until 0,9.

The research of erosion prediction method at watershed scale was carried out at Tugu Utara (Upper Ciliwung) subwatershed in Puncak, West Java, Indonesia from August 2000 to February 2001. The objectives of this study were: ( I ) topredict erosion at watershed scale through approximation of sediment yield measurement at outlet of sub watershed, and (2)multple regression equation and Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) prediction. The experiment at Tugu Utara (upper Ciliwung)sub watershed measured the discharge, surface erosion by soilpan method, sediment yield by sampling at the outlet and SDR.The result showed that the multiple regression equation and SDR Stiff Diagram can be used to predict the erosion at TuguUtara (upper Ciliwung) sub watershed.

Potential Of Phosphate and Nitrogen Compounds in Pollution of The Upper Ciliwung River in Bogor River is a habitat for various types of aquatic organisms that can provide an overview of the state of the river, such as the quality and quantity of ecological relationships that occur within it. Ciliwung is one of the rivers that flow to Jakarta via Puncak, Bogor Regency, Bogor City, Depok City and empties into the Bay of Jakarta. In 2015, the quality status of the upstream Ciliwung river had moderate polluted status. One parameter for reviewing water quality is nutrient content (phosphate and nitrogen). The presence of high nutrients can stimulate the growth of algae in waters that can harm the aquatic ecosystem. This study shows that there is a relations and positive relations with a correlation coefficient of 0.508 on the nitrogen and phosphate compounds in the upstream Ciliwung river water pollution. The concentration of nitrogen compounds is higher than that of phosphate.Keywords: Ciliwung, Nitrogen, Phosphates, River, Relations. ABSTRAK Sungai merupakan suatu habitat bagi berbagai jenis organisme akuatik yang dapat memberikan gambaran mengenai keadaan sungai, seperti kualitas dan kuantitas dari hubungan ekologis yang terjadi didalamnya. Sungai Ciliwung merupakan salah satu sungai yang mengalir kearah Jakarta melalui Puncak, Kabupaten Bogor, Kota Bogor, Kota Depok dan bermuara ke Teluk Jakarta. Pada tahun 2015, status mutu sungai Ciliwung bagian hulu memiliki status tercemar sedang. Salah satu parameter peninjauan kualitas air adalah kandungan zat hara (fosfat dan nitrogen). Keberadaan zat hara yang tinggi dapat menstimulasi ledakkan pertumbuhan algae di perairan yang dapat merugikan ekosistem perairan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya hubungan yang sedang dan positif dengan koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,508 terhadap senyawaan nitrogen dan fosfat pada pencemaran air sungai Ciliwung bagian hulu. Konsentrasi senyawaan nitrogen lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan fosfat.Kata kunci: Ciliwung, Nitrogen, Fosfat, Hubungan, Sungai.

A watershed has complex hydrological components and may be difficult to understand comprehensively. Modelling can be used to simplify and predict the processes which will happen. SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) is a model which can predict hydrology and simulate various processes in watershed.The objective of this research was: to analyse performance of SWAT model which predict discharge flow in upper Ciliwung watershed through calibration. Methods applied included analysis of the input data and calibration. The research was conducted in the period of June 2011 until June 2012. Based on the data of daily discharge flow in February and March 2008 and 2009, the calibration results showed values of R 0,80 and NSE 0,55. These results described that SWAT model can be used to predict hydrological processes in upper Ciliwung watershed.Prediction of hydrology could be used as the base to manage land agriculture towards sustainable agriculture.

Floods in Jakarta showed that the Ciliwung watershed and surrounding areas in critical condition. More than 50 % of land cover Ciliwung watershed is residential. Planting trees in residential areas have been insufficient to infiltrate as much water into the ground. Infiltration well is one possibility for absorbing water in residential areas. The purpose of this study was to determine the variation in the level of water absorption Ciliwung watershed and surrounding areas. The method used is overlaying analysis of the factors that determine the rate of water infiltration with geographic information system. Each of these factors gave weights and scores to obtained variations Ciliwung water infiltration rate. The results showed that the regions with the highest levels found in the upper catchment area and the city of Bogor, middle absorbtion water area was in Bogor Regency, low water absorption areas in Depok , South Jakarta , and East Jakarta . While in North Jakarta, Central Jakarta and West Jakarta the water absortion is very low level due to the shallow ground water level and very low soil permeability. Map variations in water absorption can be used as a material consideration for determining the locations of recharge wells effectively.

<p>The upper Ciliwung watershed is one of the critical catchments areas in Java Island. A major element of this area is the modification of natural land-cover due to human activities. Land use change is driven by the interaction between physical and socio-economic factors. The objective of this paper is to develop a land use change model and to evaluate runoff volume based on land use prediction. The pseudo-R2 or 2 in this model is 51.7% and the calibration between predicted land use and the real is 65.5%. The analysis result of land use change for period 2005-2010 and 2015-2020 show a special change pattern. In the first period, the forest land will decrease by 85%, while resettlements land increase by 144%, so the Curve Number value will increase from 80 to 81. These indicate decreasing capability of the upper Ciliwung to retain rainfall. The impact of this condition will increase runoff volume from 660.000 m3 to be 905.000 m3. In the second period, the forest and resettlements land will increase by 612% and 28%, so the Curve Number will decrease from 80 to be 78. This will decrease runoff volume from 805.000 m3 to be 803.000 m3.</p>

The Katulampa Weir is a part of Jakarta Flood Early Warning System for the Ciliwung River. The measured water level fluctuation in the Katulampa Weir is affected by the physical condition of the Upper Ciliwung Watershed. In this study, the definition and relevance of the impervious cover determination method based on the Total Impervious Area (TIA) and Effective Impervious Area (EIA) in generating design flood discharge and its effect on the change of flood early warning level in Katulampa Weir will be evaluated. Identification of land use distribution is based on digitized process used combined GIS maps using visual interpretation of high resolution satellite images 2017. The flood analysis for both methods is applied to the same rain conditions. Evaluation of flood early warning level changes are based on flood discharge simulated results and rating curve discharge in the Katulampa Weir. The simulation by WinTR-20 gives that maximum discharge using TIA method is 150 m3/s and EIA method 139.5 m3/s. There is no significant difference between and both are classified as the same level of flood early warning system level, which is on stage 3. However, for large watersheds, it takes much effort to identify and digitize an effective impervious area.

The study of climate change on hydrological response is a crucial as climate change impact will drive the change in hydrological regimes of river. Upper Ciliwung watershed is one of the critical rivers in Java Island, which has been affected by climate change. This study aims to: (i) simulate the discharge flow using the Hydrologiska Byrans Vattenbalansavdelning (HBV) model; (ii) simulate future flow using three general circulation models (GCM) namely Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Mk.3.6.0, Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate version 5 (MIROC5), and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory-Coupled Model generation 3 (GFDL-CM3); (iii) determine the changes of extreme hydrological index during historical period (2001-2015) and projected period (2031-2045). The historical year simulation and projections are used to determine eight hydrologic extreme indices for high flow and low flow. We calibrated the HBV model for two years (2001-2002) and validated it for two years (2003-2004). Our model performed well in discharge simulation as shown by the NSE values (0.66 for calibration and validation). Then we calculated the indices for each period used (historical and projected). To show the changes in hydrological regimes, we compare the indices between two periods. Changes in the index of the two periods tend to decrease in value on the index parameters that characterize the minimum extreme events. Hence, that it is possible in the projected period there will be extreme hydrological events in the form of drought.

Infiltration, the process of water movement through the soil surface is one of most important hydrological processes to be considered in watershed management. The process depends on rainfall, soil, vegetation and topographic conditions. The last three variables can be influenced by human land-uses. This study is concerned with the influence of landuse types (categories) on infiltration at the upper Ciliwung watershed of West-Java, Indonesia. Sixty six infiltration measurements were carried out in 5 types of land-uses i.e. natural forest, agriculture, settlement, productive (old) tea and new tea plantation areas. The measurements were done using ring infiltrometers. The data obtained were expressed in the form of Philip's equation I = st1I2 + At, where I is cumulative infiltration; S is sorptivity; t is time; A is a parameter which was calculated from saturated hydraulic conductivity (K). Crown cover, slope gradient and soil variables such as soil moisture, organic carbon content, total porosity, bulk density were also analysed from each of the 66 sites. The results of the study shows that land-use types have significant influence on these soil variables and on infiltration. Crown cover and human activities in term of land management are among the most important factors which affect soil condition. These variables mostly influence total porosity of soil which is the most important variable to determine sorptivity and hydraulic conductivity. High percentage of crown cover and less human activity in forest area result in high accumulation of litter and humus and high total porosity of soil. On the other hand, settlement and new tea plantation areas have comparatively low crown cover and more frequent human activity which result in soil compaction. Discriminant function analysis of land-use categories shows that the soil under forest is very distinct from the soils under other land-use types. However, the soils under the remaining land-use types are more similar to each other, especially between the soil of settlement and tea plantations. The rank of infiltration rate from the highest to the lowest magnitude is as follows; natural forest, agriculture, productive tea plantation, new tea plantation and settlement areas. Infiltration rates under natural forest and agriculture are significantly different from each other as well as from those in the last three land- use types. However, there are no significant differences in infiltration rates among the last three land-use types. The result of this study also provides basic information for landuse management and further research in order to solve soil and water conservation and management problems in the watershed.