Relevant bibliographies by topics / Upper airways obstruction

Academic literature on the topic 'Upper airways obstruction'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Upper airways obstruction"

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Lloyd, E. L. "Upper airways obstruction." British Journal of Sports Medicine 34, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 69–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.34.1.69.

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Doumit, J., P. Belvitch, and I. Rubinstein. "ID: 127: DECREASED CPAP ADHERENCE IN NON-OBESE OSA PATIENTS WITH REVERSIBLE UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION." Journal of Investigative Medicine 64, no. 4 (March 22, 2016): 970.1–970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jim-2016-000120.123.

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RationaleUpper airway resistance is critical to the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). We have previously characterized a subset of patients with OSA who have evidence of reversible upper airways resistance as measured by spirometry. Specifically, these patients have an increased FEF50/FIF50 ratio which decreases with administration of a short acting bronchodilator. On average these patients had a lower BMI (average 27) compared to OSA patients as a whole suggesting the possibility of unique upper airway pathophysiology among this group. In the current study, we identify additional patients with OSA who have reversible upper airways obstruction on spirometry and characterize their compliance with CPAP therapy as compared to a traditional OSA population.MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated patients who had a sleep screen suggestive of OSA in the last 2 years. Patients who also had spirometry in the previous 5 years were identified for further analysis. Those patients with either normal spirometry or fixed obstructive defects who had a decrease in the FEF50/FIF50 ratio after administration of a short acting inhaled beta agonist (albuterol) were then characterized. We then measured objective CPAP adherence using data downloaded from the positive airway pressure device with adherence defined as CPAP use >4 hrs more than 70% of nights over a 30 day period.ResultsWe identified 70 patients with positive sleep screens who also had spirometry demonstrating normal of fixed lower expiratory obstruction with evidence of upper airways obstruction as demonstrated by a decreased FEF50/FIF50 ratio. Of these, 45 had a decrease in the FEF50/FIF50 ratio of more than 20% following administration of inhaled albuterol. Overall, CPAP adherence between those with reversible upper airways obstruction and those without was similar (23/45=51% vs 14/26=54%). However, subgroup analysis revealed a lower adherence rate among non-obese patients (BMI<30) with reversible airways obstruction (6/16=36%).ConclusionThe identification of a subset of patients with OSA who have evidence of decreased upper airway resistance in response to inhaled bronchodilator suggests unique pathology in this group. Decreased adherence to traditional OSA therapy with CPAP among these patients is additional evidence of differential pathophysiology requiring novel treatments. Specifically, treatment with a long acting beta agonist (LABA) prior to sleep may reduce upper airway obstruction and be better tolerated than CPAP.
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Stephenson, John. "Imposed upper airways obstruction." Journal of Pediatric Neurology 08, no. 01 (July 30, 2015): 043–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jpn-2010-0342.

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Enoz, Murat. "Effects of Nasal Pathologies on Obstructive Sleep Apnea." Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 50, no. 3 (2007): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2017.77.

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Increased airway resistance can induce snoring and sleep apnea, and nasal obstruction is a common problem in snoring and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. Many snoring and OSA patients breathe via the mouth during sleep. Mouth breathing may contribute to increased collapsibility of the upper airways due to decreased contractile efficiency of the upper airway muscles as a result of mouth opening. Increased nasal airway resistance produces turbulent flow in the nasal cavity, induces oral breathing, promotes oscillation of the pharyngeal airway and can cause snoring.
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Alloubi, Ihsan, Matthieu Thumerel, Hugues Bégueret, Jean-Marc Baste, Jean-François Velly, and Jacques Jougon. "Outcomes after Bronchoscopic Procedures for Primary Tracheobronchial Amyloidosis: Retrospective Study of 6 Cases." Pulmonary Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/352719.

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Respiratory amyloidosis is a rare disease which refers to localized aberrant extracellular protein deposits within the airways. Tracheobronchial amyloidosis (TBA) refers to the deposition of localized amyloid deposits within the upper airways. Treatments have historically focused on bronchoscopic techniques including debridement, laser ablation, balloon dilation, and stent placement. We present the outcomes after rigid bronchoscopy to remove the amyloid protein causing the airway obstruction in 6 cases of tracheobronchial amyloidosis. This is the first report of primary diffuse tracheobronchial amyloidosis in our department; clinical features, in addition to therapy in the treatment of TBA, are reviewed. This paper shows that, in patients with TBA causing airway obstruction, excellent results can be obtained with rigid bronchoscopy and stenting of the obstructing lesion.
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Na, Ji Sung, Hwi-Dong Jung, Hyung-Ju Cho, Yoon Jeong Choi, and Joon Sang Lee. "Computational analysis of airflow dynamics for predicting collapsible sites in the upper airways: a preliminary study." Journal of Applied Physiology 126, no. 2 (February 1, 2019): 330–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00522.2018.

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The present study aimed to detail the relationship between the flow and structure characteristics of the upper airways and airway collapsibility in obstructive sleep apnea. Using a computational approach, we performed simulations of the flow and structure of the upper airways in two patients having different facial morphologies: retruding and protruding jaws, respectively. First, transient flow simulation was performed using a prescribed volume flow rate to observe flow characteristics within upper airways with an unsteady effect. In the retruding jaw, the maximum magnitude of velocity and pressure drop with velocity shear and vortical motion was observed at the oropharyngeal level. In contrast, in the protruding jaw, the overall magnitude of velocity and pressure was relatively small. To identify the cause of the pressure drop in the retruding jaw, pressure gradient components induced by flow were examined. Of note, vortical motion was highly associated with pressure drop. Structure simulation was performed to observe the deformation and collapsibility of soft tissue around the upper airways using the surface pressure obtained from the flow simulation. At peak flow rate, the soft tissue of the retruding jaw was highly expanded, and a collapse was observed at the oropharyngeal and epiglottis levels. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Aerodynamic characteristics have been reported to correlate with airway occlusion. However, a detailed mechanism of the phenomenon within the upper airways and its impact on airway collapsibility remain poorly understood. This study provides in silico results for aerodynamic characteristics, such as vortical structure, pressure drop, and exact location of the obstruction using a computational approach. Large deformation of soft tissue was observed in the retruding jaw, suggesting that it is responsible for obstructive sleep apnea.
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Kathuria, Sunil, and Chikku Sunny. "Unusual presentation of ectopic thyroid causing respiratory distress." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 6, no. 6 (May 22, 2020): 1188. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20202087.

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<p>Internal obstruction of the upper airways can be due to infection, anaphylactic reaction, congenital anomaly, foreign body inhalation or mass. The endoluminal presence of thyroid tissue in the trachea is a rare cause of airway obstruction. Only 14 well documented cases of intratracheal ectopic thyroid tissue have been reported in English literature since 1966. These lesions are mostly benign and nearly all patient present with symptoms of respiratory obstruction. This case report is of a lady who presented with upper airway obstruction due to subglottic ectopic thyroid tissue. An ectopic thyroid gland can develop if its normal migration is halted along this tract during embryogenesis. Subglottic location of ectopic thyroid is extremely rare. However, ectopic thyroid tissue in the larynx should be considered as a possible diagnosis causing upper airway obstruction.</p>
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Watters, M. P. R., and J. M. Mckenzie. "Inhalational Induction with Sevoflurane in an Adult with Severe Complex Central Airways Obstruction." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 25, no. 6 (December 1997): 704–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x9702500621.

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Sevoflurane is a newly available volatile anaesthetic agent which is suitable for inhalational induction of anaesthesia. Due to concerns about obstructing the upper airway as anaesthesia deepens, its use has until now been avoided in patients with upper airway obstruction. We used its smooth induction and recovery properties however to anaesthetize a patient with central airway obstruction and coexistent ischaemic heart disease. Sevoflurane proved to be a very satisfactory agent in this situation.
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Demajumdar, R., and P. B. Rajesh. "Have we got the full picture?" Journal of Laryngology & Otology 112, no. 8 (August 1998): 788–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100141714.

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AbstractA 59-year-old man with long-standing chronic obstructive airways disease (COPD), became progressively dyspnoeic, and repeatedly blacked-out during forced expiration. Spirometry suggested the possibility of large airways obstruction, and failing to respond to aggressive bronchodilator and steroid therapy, the patient was labelled as being non-compliant. Finally, he was assessed by an otolaryngologist and a cause for upper airway obstruction was suspected. Bronchoscopy and computed tomography (CT) scanning demonstrated tracheomalacia and the patient underwent resection of this segment of abnormal trachea.Tracheomalacia, although rare, results from the substitution of cartilage with fibrous tissue, leading to severe airway compromise.This case emphasizes the fact that although many conditions are uncommon, the total incidence of rare conditions is surprisingly high, and that care needs to be taken at all times in the management of ‘labelled’ patients with chronic illness, in order not to overlook such life-threatening diagnoses.
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Camacho, Macario, Justin M. Wei, Lauren K. Reckley, and Sungjin A. Song. "Double Barrel Nasal Trumpets to Prevent Upper Airway Obstruction after Nasal and Non-Nasal Surgery." Anesthesiology Research and Practice 2018 (2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8567516.

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Objectives. During anesthesia emergence, patients are extubated and the upper airway can become vulnerable to obstruction. Nasal trumpets can help prevent obstruction. However, we have found no manuscript describing how to place nasal trumpets after nasal surgery (septoplasties or septorhinoplasties), likely because (1) the lack of space with nasal splints in place and (2) surgeons may fear that removing the trumpets could displace the splints. The objective of this manuscript is to describe how to place nasal trumpets even with nasal splints in place. Materials and Methods. The authors describe techniques (Double Barrel Technique and Modified Double Barrel Technique) that were developed over three years ago and have been used in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and other patients who had collapsible or narrow upper airways (i.e., morbidly obese patients). Results. The technique described in the manuscript provides a method for placing one long and one short nasal trumpet in a manner that helps prevent postoperative upper airway obstruction. The modified version describes a method for placing nasal trumpets even when there are nasal splints in place. Over one-hundred patients have had nasal trumpets placed without postoperative oxygen desaturations. Conclusions. The Double Barrel Technique allows for a safe emergence from anesthesia in patients predisposed to upper airway obstruction (such as in obstructive sleep apnea and morbidly obese patients). To our knowledge, the Modified Double Barrel Technique is the first description for the use of nasal trumpets in patients who had nasal surgery and who have nasal splints in place.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Upper airways obstruction"

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Faria, Cindy. "A Síndrome da Apneia/Hipopneia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAHOS) e seu tratamento com cirurgia ortognática." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4146.

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Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Medicina Dentária
A Síndrome da Apneia/Hipopneia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAHOS) é uma síndrome com grande prevalência na sociedade actual, constituíndo um grande problema de saúde pública. A SAHOS ocorre pelo repetido estreitamento ou colapso das vias aéreas superiores (VAS) durante o sono provocando como principal síntoma uma hipersonolência diurna exessiva. Os factores de riscos mais comuns incluem o sexo masculino, a obesidade, um palato mole alongado e uma retrognatia maxilar e/ou mandibular. A fisiopatologia da síndrome é multifactorial decorrente, em parte, de alterações das estruturas craniofaciais e dos tecidos moles das VAS associadas a alterações neuromusculares da faringe e a uma maior complacência da faringe. Relativamente ao tratamento, existem actualmente várias modalidades, tanto comportamentais, clínicas e cirúrgicas que devem ser individualizadas e criteriosamente seleccionadas para a situação clínica de cada paciente. Acredita-se que a SAHOS resulta na maioria das vezes de um estreitamento difuso da faringe. Para o seu tratamento é importante detectar os diferentes padrões de obstrução das VAS que parecem determinar o sucesso ou a falha do tratamento cirúrgico. As novas tecnologias permitem a criação de imagems tridimensionais a partir de imagems obtidas por ressonância magnética e tomografia computorizada juntamente com programas de reconstrução em 3 dimensões. Estas imagems tridimensionais possibilitam a avaliação dos locais de obstrução bem como proporcionam medições volumétricas das VAS. A cirurgia de avanço maxilo-mandibular (AMM) é um movimento em cirurgia ortognática que permite o avanço bi-maxilar, aumentando o volume das VAS a nível da velo-oro-hipofaringe. Tem sido descrita como sendo o tratamento cirúrgico mais efetivo para a SAHOS (excluíndo a traqueostomia) com índices de sucesso acima dos 80%. Vários autores comprovaram a eficiência da cirurgia de AMM no aumento do espaço faríngeo, diminuindo ou mesmo eliminando os episódios de colapsos respiratórios e melhorando significativemente a qualidade do sono e de vida dos pacientes. As palavras chaves utilizadas foram: “obstructive sleep apnea syndrome”, “maxillomandibular advancement” e “upper airway obstruction” que foram associados de múltiplas formas. Obstructive Sleep Apnea/Hipopnea Syndrome (OSAH) is a highly prevalent syndrome in the society, characterized as a public health burden. OSAH occurs by recurrent episodes of upper airway (UA) obstruction or collapse during sleep with daytime somnolence as the major symptom. The principal risks factors are : male, obesity, elongated soft palate and maxillary and/or mandibular retrognathia. Pathophysiology of OSAH is multifactorial, due partly to abnormalities of craniofacial stuctures and UA soft tissue associated with neuromuscular alterations of the pharynx and increased UA compliance. Behavioral, clinical and surgical options are available for the treatment of OSAH, which must be individualized and carefully selected for the clinical situation of each patient. Over the time, OSAH has been recognized as an obstructive process with a diffuse narrowing of the pharynx. For its treatment it is important te detect the different patterns of UA obstruction that seems to determine the sucess or failure of surgical treatment. New technologies allow the creation of tridimensional images achieved from magnetic resonance and computed tomography with reconstruction program. This tridimensional images enable the evaluation of obstruction sites and provide volumetric measurments of UA. Maxillomandibular advancement (MMA) is a movement on orthognatic surgery which allows bi-maxillary advancement, increasing the volume of UA at the level of velo-oro-hypopharynx. It has been described as the most effective surgical treatment for OSAH (excluding tracheostomy) with success rates above 80%. Several authors have demonstrated the effectiveness of AMM surgery on increasing the AMM pharyngeal space, reducing or eliminating episodes of respiratory collapse and improving sleep quality and life of patients. The keys words were : “obstructive sleep apnea syndrome”, “maxillomandibular advancement” e “upper airway obstruction” which have been associated in multiple ways.
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Siekemeyer, Leah C. "Inspiratory Muscle Strength Training in Upper Airway Obstruction." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1306417918.

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Berg, Søren. "Assessment of increased upper airway resistance in snorers methodological and diagnostic considerations /." Lund : Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital of Lund, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39752216.html.

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Schwietering, Laura Ann. "Speech and Breathing Characteristics in Patients with Upper Airway Disorders: A Comparative Study." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1367278513.

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Fujimura, Shintaro. "Discrimination of “Hot Potato Voice” Caused by Upper Airway Obstruction Utilizing a Support Vector Machine." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/252976.

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Mehra, Puneet. "Fluid-Structure Interaction Modeling of Human Upper Airway Collapse in Obstructive Sleep Apnea." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1563873512457421.

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Tetlow, George A. "Modelling human upper-airway dynamics and dysfunction." Thesis, Curtin University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1867.

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Repetitive closure of the upper-airway characterises obstructive sleep apnea. It disrupts sleep causing excessive daytime drowsiness, and is linked to hypertension and cardiovascular disease.Previous studies simulating the underlying fluid mechanics of two-dimensional channel flow are based upon velocity-driven boundaries with symmetric positioning of the soft-palate. In the first part of the present work the two-dimensional work of Balint (2001) is extended to a pressure-driven model where the stability solutions space mapped for the soft-palate, symmetrically placed within viscous channel flow. As a result of this work the modelling of Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) it is proposed that modelling should focus on nasal breathing as the first indicator for the presence of OSA. Numerical simulations reveal the appearance of amplification of soft-palate displacement over several breathing cycles with asymmetric positioning of the soft-plate and for nasal breathing (single channel flow). Such events increase airway hydraulic resistance at the start of inhalation, a vulnerably period of the breathing cycle for collapse of the pharynx.In the second part of the present work three-dimensional studies are conducted for duct flow and flow through an anatomically correct reconstructed geometry, supporting the findings of the two-dimensional work of the first part. Moreover, extending understanding of anatomical interactions, through development of a three-dimensional geometry reconstruction based on an airway at the end of inhalation. Here the geometry is reconstructed from quantitative date linked to the breathing cycle, captured via an in vivo method using an adapted endoscope technique. Simulations reveal flow mechanisms that produce low-pressure regions on the side walls of the pharynx and on the soft-palate within the pharyngeal section of minimum area. Soft-palate displacement and lateral pharynx-wall deformations reduce further the pressures in these regions creating forces that would tend to narrow the airway owing to flow curvature. These phenomena suggest a mechanism for airway closure in the lateral direction as observed in an bronchoscope study conducted as part of this thesis.
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Ng, Andrew Tze Ming Clinical School St George Hospital Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Effect of mandibular advancement splint therapy on upper airway structure and function in obstructive sleep apnoea." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Clinical School - St George Hospital, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44845.

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Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common disorder characterized by repetitive closure of the upper airway during sleep and associated with significant adverse health effects including hypertension, heart disease and stroke. Current treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is highly effective but reduced compliance levels have resulted in suboptimal outcomes. Oral appliances such as mandibular advancement splints (MAS) are an alternative treatment and have potential advantages including greater patient compliance, comfort and portability. Although they have been shown to be successful across all categories of OSA severity, overall they are less effective than CPAP. A key limitation to its more widespread use has been the inability to predict which patients will be a treatment success. Prediction of treatment outcome would greatly enhance both MAS utilization and overall OSA management. However, little is known about the mechanisms of action of MAS therapy and a more detailed understanding is likely to improve patient selection and outcome. The aim of this thesis is to improve the prediction of treatment outcome through improved understanding of the mechanisms and site(s) of action of MAS therapy during sleep, through extrapolating this knowledge into daytime prediction tests and by developing prediction equations which can be tested prospectively. The work in this thesis presents novel ideas and findings. It is the first to examine and find that MAS therapy improves upper airway collapsibility during sleep. The site(s) of upper airway collapse was also examined and found to predict treatment outcome. Primary oropharyngeal collapse during sleep predicted treatment success and this was extrapolated into a simple daytime test hypothesized to reflect oropharyngeal function. These primary oropharyngeal collapsers were found to have characteristic awake flow-volume curves and this was then studied prospectively. Cephalometric X-rays and anthropomorphic measurements were also evaluated to formulate prediction equations for treatment outcome with MAS. These new findings together with their implications for clinical practice and future research are then summarized. It is concluded, however, that although many advancements have been made, the mechanisms of MAS action and prediction of treatment outcome remain incompletely understood reflecting the complex pathophysiology of the upper airway.
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Anderson, Peter J. "Modeling the fluid-structure interaction of the upper airway : towards simulation of obstructive sleep apnea." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50162.

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Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a syndrome in which the human Upper Airway (UA) collapses during sleep leading to frequent sleep disruption and inadequate air supply to the lungs. OSA involves Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) between a complex airflow regime and intricate mechanics of soft and hard tissue, causing large deformation of the complicated UA geometry. Numerical simulations provide a means for understanding this complex system, therefore, we develop a validated FSI simulation, composed of a 1D fluid model coupled with a 3D FEM solid solver (Artisynth), that is applied to a parameterized airway model providing a fast and versatile system for researching FSI in the UA. The 1D fluid model implements the limited pressure recovery model of Cancelli and Pedley [28] using a dynamic pressure recovery term, area function corrections allowing complete closure and reopening of fluid geometries, and discretization schemes providing robust behavior in highly-uneven geometries. The fluid model is validated against 3D fluid simulations in static geometries and simple dynamic geometries, and proves reliable for predicting bulk flow pressure. Validation of simulation methods in Artisynth is demonstrated by simulating the buckling, complete collapse, and reopening of elastic tubes under static pressure which compare well with experimental results. The FSI simulation is validated against experiments performed for a collapsible channel (a "2D" Starling resistor) designed to have geometry and characteristics similar to the UA. The observed FSI behaviors are described and compared for both experiment and simulation, providing a quantitative validation of the FSI simulation. The simulations and experiments agree quite well, exhibiting the same major FSI behaviors, similar progression from one behavior to another, and similar dynamic range. A parameterized UA model is designed for fast and consistent creation of geometries. Uniform pressure and dynamic flow FSI simulations are performed with this model for numerous parameters associated with OSA. Uniform pressure simulations compare well to clinical data. Dynamic flow results demonstrate airflow limitation and snoring oscillations. The simulations are fast, simulating 1 s of FSI in 30 minutes. This model is a powerful tool for understanding the complex mechanics of OSA.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Mechanical Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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Kita, Hideo. "Effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy on respiratory parameters of upper airway patency in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome." Kyoto University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/156997.

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本文データは平成22年度国立国会図書館の学位論文(博士)のデジタル化実施により作成された画像ファイルを基にpdf変換したものである
Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(医学)
甲第7578号
医博第2065号
新制||医||704(附属図書館)
UT51-99-D195
京都大学大学院医学研究科内科系専攻
(主査)教授 一山 智, 教授 人見 滋樹, 教授 泉 孝英
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Books on the topic "Upper airways obstruction"

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Philip, Cole. The respiratory role of the upper airways: A selective clinical and pathophysiological review. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book, 1993.

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FRACP, Pierce Robert, and Barter Colin, eds. Airway calibre in health and disease: The pathophysiology of upper and lower airway narrowing. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1988.

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Heiser, Clemens, and Nico de Vries, eds. Upper Airway Stimulation in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89504-4.

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British Paediatric Association. Working Party on Evaluation of Suspected Imposed Upper Airway Obstruction. Evaluation of suspected imposed upper airway obstruction: Report of a working party Feb 1994. London: BPA, 1994.

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Cohen, Edmond. Upper airway obstruction in the critically ill. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0079.

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Upper airway obstruction (UAO) from any cause should be considered a life-threatening emergency. In a conscious patient, UAO may present as respiratory distress, stridor, dyspnoea, altered voice, cyanosis, cough, decreased or absent breath sounds, wheezing, the hand-to-the-throat choking sign in the case of a foreign body, facial swelling, and distended neck veins. The cause of UAO should be identified and airway management devices must be immediately available prior to any airway manipulation CT scan, flexible bronchoscopy, and pulmonary function tests should be performed to evaluate the cause and the extent of the obstruction. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients are at increased risk of developing UAO. Endotracheal intubation, insertion of a supraglottic device, laser therapy, and endotracheal stents maybe life-saving
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Beed, Martin, Richard Sherman, and Ravi Mahajan. Airway. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696277.003.0002.

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Airway obstructionComplications at intubationAirway/facial traumaAirway/facial burnsAirway infectionsAirway foreign bodiesAirway haemorrhageEndotracheal tube complicationsTracheostomy complicationsAn obstructed airway is a medical emergency requiring immediate treatment. Where possible, patients at risk should be identified early so that airway obstruction can be prevented. Although upper airway obstruction may be gradual in onset it more commonly progresses very rapidly. Continuous assessment is required to identify signs of impending airway obstruction....
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Waldmann, Carl, Neil Soni, and Andrew Rhodes. Respiratory disorders. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199229581.003.0017.

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Upper airway obstruction 248Respiratory failure 250Pulmonary collapse and atelectasis 252Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) 254ARDS: diagnosis 256ARDS: general management 258ARDS: ventilatory management 260Asthma 262Asthma: ventilatory management 264Pneumothorax 266Empyema 268Haemoptysis 270Inhalation injury 272Pulmonary embolism ...
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Junna, Mithri R., Bernardo J. Selim, and Timothy I. Morgenthaler. Central sleep apnea and hypoventilation syndromes. Edited by Sudhansu Chokroverty, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, and Christopher Kennard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682003.003.0018.

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Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) may occur in a variety of ways. While obstructive sleep apnea is the most common of these, this chapter reviews the most common types of SDB that occur independently of upper airway obstruction. In many cases, there is concurrent upper airway obstruction and neurological respiratory dysregulation. Thus, along with attempts to correct the underlying etiologies (when present), stabilization of the upper airway is most often combined with flow generators (noninvasive positive pressure ventilation devices) that modulate the inadequate ventilatory pattern. Among these devices, when continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) alone does not allow correction of SDB, adaptive servo-ventilation (ASV) is increasingly used for non-hypercapnic types of central sleep apnea (CSA), while bilevel PAP in spontaneous-timed mode (BPAP-ST) is more often reserved for hypercapnic CSA/alveolar hypoventilation syndromes. Coordination of care among neurologists, cardiologists, and sleep specialists will often benefit such patients.
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Embid, Cristina, and Josep M. Montserrat. Obstructive sleep apnea and upper airway resistance syndrome. Edited by Sudhansu Chokroverty, Luigi Ferini-Strambi, and Christopher Kennard. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199682003.003.0016.

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The prevalence of sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is about 2–8% in the adult population. A number of studies have shown associations with arterial hypertension, cardiovascular mortality, and traffic accidents. Given this prevalence and the increasing awareness of SAHS in the medical community as well as in the general population, the demand for consultations and diagnostic studies has increased in recent years. Access to diagnostic testing is difficult, however, with long waiting lists. Therefore, there is growing interest in diagnostic methods and approaches involving all levels of the heath system, from primary care to hospital sleep units. This chapter reviews the pathophysiology of the upper airway and how it is possible to measure its disruption in order to diagnose SAHS. It also summarizes clinical implications and overall treatment strategies.
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Doghramji, Karl, Maurits S. Boon, Colin Huntley, and Kingman Strohl, eds. Upper Airway Stimulation Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197521625.001.0001.

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Upper Airway Stimulation Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea provides the current state of knowledge regarding this novel therapy. It reviews the pathophysiologic basis of sleep apnea and the specific mechanism by which upper airway stimulation provides airway support in this disorder. It also provides practical insights into this therapy related to patient selection, clinical outcomes, surgical technique, long-term follow-up, and adverse events and offers recommendations for those aspiring to develop an upper airway stimulation program. It provides an overview of unique populations and circumstances that may extend the utility of the procedure, and that may provide challenges in management, as well as thoughts on the future of this technology. This textbook is intended for all practitioners who have interest or care for sleep disordered breathing, including sleep medicine physicians, pulmonologists, otolaryngologists, primary care practitioners, as well as physician extenders.
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Book chapters on the topic "Upper airways obstruction"

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Peter, J. H. "Epidemiology of Sleep Related Breathing Disorders with Obstruction of the Upper Airways." In Sleep Related Breathing Disorders, 30–41. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-6675-8_3.

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Woerlee, G. M. "Upper Airway Obstruction." In Common Perioperative Problems and the Anaesthetist, 201–6. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1323-3_36.

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Lucking, Steven E. "Upper Airway Obstruction." In Pediatric Critical Care Study Guide, 463–79. London: Springer London, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-923-9_22.

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Lucking, Steven E. "Upper Airway Obstruction." In Pediatric Critical Care, 193–217. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53363-2_9.

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Frise, Matthew. "Upper airway obstruction." In Acute Medicine - A Practical Guide to the Management of Medical Emergencies, 5th Edition, 371–77. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119389613.ch59.

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Magit, Anthony E. "Acute Upper Airway Obstruction." In Textbook of Clinical Pediatrics, 2195–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02202-9_234.

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Freeland, Andrew P., John Kimario, and Bip Nandi. "Pediatric Upper Airway Obstruction." In Pediatric Surgery, 475–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41724-6_42.

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Yu, Jason L., and Erica R. Thaler. "Upper Airway Stimulation." In Modern Management of Obstructive Sleep Apnea, 69–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11443-5_7.

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Ross, Elizabeth. "Upper Airway Obstruction and Tracheostomy." In Scott-Brown's Essential Otorhinolaryngology, 285–88. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003175995-56.

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Kirkness, Jason P., Vidya Krishnan, Susheel P. Patil, and Hartmut Schneider. "Upper Airway Obstruction in Snoring and Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome." In Sleep Apnea, 79–89. Basel: KARGER, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000093149.

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Conference papers on the topic "Upper airways obstruction"

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Al-Jumaily, A. M., S. Ashaat, B. A. Martin, R. Heinzer, J. Haba Rubio, and N. Stergiopulos. "Uvula Dynamic Characteristics." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14019.

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The airway binary fluid layer and the structural characteristics of the upper airways have significant influence on the activity of the airway muscles by changing airway compliance and collapsibility during obstructive sleep apnea trauma. The uvula plays an important role in the collapse process. Using MRI scans, this paper develops a structural model for the uvula and determines its dynamic characteristics in terms of natural frequencies and mode shapes as a preliminary process to determine optimum conditions to therapeutically relieve upper airway obstruction. The effect of the variation of tissue elasticity due to water content is elaborated on.
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Mylavarapu, Goutham, Ephraim Gutmark, Mihai Mihaescu, and Shanmugam Murugappan. "Simulation of Flow and Structural Dynamics in Human Upper Airways." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19501.

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Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hypo Apnea Syndrome (OSAHS) is a respiratory disorder characterized by repeated episodes of partial or complete airway obstruction. OSAHS is also associated with decreased quality of life, decreased cardiovascular health, day-time sleepiness, and increased transportation accidents. Its high prevalence with as much as 4% of American population suffering from OSAHS also makes it an important health care issue[1]. Existing surgical treatments suffer from a moderate to high successful failure rates. Broader research on this respiratory disorder for a better understanding of the pathophysiology of human upper airway, to develop better diagnostic methods and treatment modalities is very much needed.
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Al-Jumaily, A. M., and Y. Du. "Obstruction Detection in the Upper Airways Using Input Impedance in the Frequency Domain." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23106.

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Abstract This research focuses on establishing an appropriate theoretical technique for identifying an obstruction in a flexible compliant tube such as the trachea. The input impedance frequency spectrums for both a healthy and an obstructed airway are used as a signature to determine and examine the constriction location, severity and degree. Uniform and gradual types of constriction are considered and the results demonstrate that the input impedance resonant frequencies can map the location, severity and degree of an obstruction.
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Weisz, Thor Gudmund, Bernhard Müller, and Reidar Kristoffersen. "Simulation of Flow in the Human Upper Airways Modeled as a Piping System Using the Hydraulic Diameter." In 63rd International Conference of Scandinavian Simulation Society, SIMS 2022, Trondheim, Norway, September 20-21, 2022. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp192033.

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a medical condition characterized by repetitive obstructions in the human upper airways during sleep. Recent estimates from the United States show that the condition impacts 15% to 20% of the adult population. OSA treatment can be subdivided into surgical and non-surgical approaches. Non-surgical approaches such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices have the highest success rates when used correctly. However, these approaches have low patient compliance due to the invasive nature of the devices during sleep, leaving surgery as a viable alternative for many. Predicting the outcome of OSA surgery is difficult due to the complex nature of both the airways and the surgeries themselves. CFD modeling of the airways is a helpful way to gain valuable insights into the flow structures and the impact of individual surgeries on the airways. However, CFD is not a viable approach for each patient-specific case due to its time-consuming nature. A pragmatic model has been created to predict the outcome of OSA surgery on a patient-specific basis to produce valid surgical estimates fast to be used by non-CFD engineers. The model transforms the human upper airways into a piping system by applying the hydraulic diameter equation on geometries created from CT scans. This paper aims to validate the use of the hydraulic diameter given by Dh = 4 · (A / Pe), where A is the cross-sectional area and Pe is the wetted perimeter, on the complex geometries of the nasal cavity and to provide a novel equation for the hydraulic diameter in the nasal cavity. The proposed hydraulic diameter equation is given by Dh = CDh · (A / Pe) where CDh is the hydraulic diameter coefficient. Airflow has been simulated through a simplified geometry using CFD to validate the hydraulic diameter and find an updated equation. Pragmatic model simulations using the hydraulic diameter have been compared to the results from CFD simulations to assess the pragmatic model’s accuracy. The results showed that the original hydraulic diameter did not give entirely accurate results and that the novel equation using CDh = 3.71 gave the pragmatic model better accuracy for the validation cases. Tuning the parameter CDh for flow in an OSA patient’s upper airways, the pragmatic model succeeded in quite accurately reproducing the area-averaged pressure in the patient’s upper airways.
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Grossman, Peter R., Michelle Guzman, Jason P. Kirkness, Susheel P. Patil, Philip L. Smith, Alan R. Schwartz, and Hartmut Schneider. "Compensatory Responses To Upper Airway Obstruction In Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease." In American Thoracic Society 2012 International Conference, May 18-23, 2012 • San Francisco, California. American Thoracic Society, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a3994.

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Boudewyns, An, Eli Van De Perck, Kim Van Hoorenbeeck, Stijn Verhulst, Vera Saldien, and Olivier Vanderveken. "Pattern of upper airway obstruction in overweight/obese children with obstructive sleep apnoea and without prior upper airway surgery.>." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.1227.

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Liu, Y., J. Y. Ye, Y. X. Liu, and H. Y. Luo. "Flow Analysis in Upper Airway for an OSA Subject Before and After Surgery." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53340.

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is very common and can strike anyone at any age, even children. Yet still because of the lack of awareness by the public and healthcare professionals, the majority remain undiagnosed and therefore untreated, despite the fact that this serious disorder can have significant consequences. Untreated, sleep apnea can cause high blood pressure and other cardiovascular disease, memory problems, weight gain, impotency, and headaches [1]. OSA is caused by a blockage of the airway, usually when the soft tissue in the rear of the throat collapses and closes during sleep. With apnea event, the brain briefly arouses people with sleep apnea in order for them to resume breathing, but consequently sleep is extremely fragmented and of poor quality. Several surgical techniques may be used for OSA, and these include: uvulopalatopharngeoplasty (UP3), tonsillectomy and pharyngoplasty, uvulopalatal flap, laser and radiofrequency assisted uvulopalatal surgeries. The surgery involves removing the uvula and some of the surrounding soft palate. The idea behind the upper airway surgery is to eliminate the area of obstruction or to widen the airway so it does not occlude completely. However, the success rate is limited; for example, the UP3 helps in around 50% who have the surgery and in others it does not help at all or it helps only partially [2]. The post-operative complications after surgery are often the result of a dilemma during the operation of how much tissue to resect: too little is ineffective, yet too much may leave a patient with speech impedance and palatal stenosis, which can make OSA worse [3]. Therefore, accurate prediction of tissue reduction for this treatment is urgently needed.
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Biswas, Dipankar, Francis Loth, Matthew L. Krauza, Rachael J. Pohle-Krauza, Adrian G. Dan, and John G. Zografakis. "Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Upper Airway of an Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patient Pre and Post Surgery." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80726.

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The present study compares flow parameters (pressure drop, velocity, and shear stress) in the upper airway between pre- and post-bariatric surgery obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients. CT images of the upper airway were obtained prior to and six months post bariatric surgery in patients with a comorbid OSA. In-house software was used to reconstruct 3D geometric models of the upper airway, and fluid flow simulations were conducted using commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. Results show that pressure drop in the upper airway and velocity at the throat decrease post-surgery. Shear stress on the airway walls also decreased markedly. These trends were expected, however more patients must be analyzed and correlations must be drawn between these fluid dynamic parameters and the pathophysiology of the upper airway in OSA.
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Ashaat, Sherif, Ahmed M. Al-Jumaily, and Loulin Huang. "Preventing Upper Airway Collapse Using CPAP With and Without Pressure Oscillations." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65449.

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During respiration, upper airway collapse occurs when the forces generated from the airway negative pressures become greater than the forces of the airway wall muscles. For patients diagnosed with moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is the most effective non-invasive treatment. The CPAP provides a continuous humidified and pressurized air to prevent airway collapse. The use of the CPAP has been reported to be associated with some side effects including nasal congestion and dry nose. Also stroke symptoms were recorded for cardiovascular disease patients due to the high operating pressure. Using MRI scans, this paper investigates the effects of using the pressure oscillations superimposed on the CPAP to keep the airway open at lower pressure distributions inside the upper airway and consequently increase the patients’ comfort and reduce their rejection to the CPAP.
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Grau-Bartual, Sandra, and Ahmed M. Al-Jumaily. "A Clinical Test to Capture Humidity From Exhalation: Self-Humidification." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11049.

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Abstract Lung supportive devices are widely used for non-invasive positive airway pressure ventilation and respiratory therapy to help provide breathing support for patients with various lung diseases including Obstructive Sleep Apnea. These devices deliver air to the patient through a facial or nasal mask, and the use of these devices normally results in dryness in the upper airways. However, the exhaled air consists of very high humidity content hence the moisture content of this air can be reused in the inhalation process. This research focuses on testing clinically a previously developed element which can recover the moisture from the exhaled air and use it for re-inhalation. 21 healthy volunteers between the ages of 21 and 55, where 38.1% were females and 61.9% males, were invited to participate in this study. The results show a viable element which is able to trap water molecules from the expiration airflow and release them into the inspiration airflow.
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Reports on the topic "Upper airways obstruction"

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Steegman, Ralph, Anne-Marie Renkema, Herman Verbeek, Adriaan Schoeman, Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman, and Yijin Ren. Upper Airway Volumetric Changes on CBCT after Orthodontic Interventions: protocol for a systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.4.0017.

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Review question / Objective: Does the volume of the upper airway change after an orthodontic intervention? P: growing subjects, adults; I: orthodontic treatment, dentofacial orthopedics, extractions; C: untreated subjects and/or non-extractions; O: volumetric changes of the upper airway measured on CBCT scans. Condition being studied: The primary objective of orthodontic treatment is to establish optimal dental and/or skeletal relationship in harmony with the soft tissue morphology and functioning. In addition, un-impeding or facilitating airway growth and development is an important objective, especially in patients susceptible for airway obstruction or sleep apnea. It is therefore important to look into the effect of various orthodontic treatments on the 3D volumetric changes of the upper airway. Compared with the use of traditional 2D lateral cephalograms, CBCT scans provide the opportunity to perform measurements in more dimensions on the airway with demonstrated reliability. This systematic review therefore includes studies using CBCT scans for evaluation of the airway.
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Torres, Claudia Fernandez, and Alvaro Zubizarreta Macho. Mandibular advancement appliances to treat apnea: an update of the most used currently. A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0034.

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Review question / Objective: Mandibular advancement devices used to treat obstructive sleep apnea. Condition being studied: Obstructive sleep apnea is characterized by episodes of a complete (apnea) or partial collapse (hypopnea) of the upper airway with an associated decrease in oxygen saturation or arousal from sleep. This disturbance results in fragmented, nonrestorative sleep. Other symptoms include loud, disruptive snoring, witnessed apneas during sleep, and excessive daytime sleepiness. OSA has significant implications for cardiovascular health, mental illness, quality of life, and driving safety.
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Czerwaty, Katarzyna, Karolina Dżaman, Krystyna Maria Sobczyk, and Katarzyna Irmina Sikrorska. The Overlap Syndrome of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0077.

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Review question / Objective: To provide the essential findings in the field of overlap syndrome of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea, including prevalence, possible predictors, association with clinical outcomes, and severity compared to both chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea patients. Condition being studied: OSA is characterized by complete cessation (apnea) or significant decrease (hy-popnea) in airflow during sleep and recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse cause it during sleep leading to nocturnal oxyhemoglobin desaturations and arousals from rest. The recurrent arousals which occur in OSA lead to neurocognitive consequences, daytime sleepiness, and reduced quality of life. Because of apneas and hypopneas, patients are experiencing hypoxemia and hypercapnia, which result in increasing levels of catecholamine, oxidative stress, and low-grade inflammation that lead to the appearance of cardio-metabolic consequences of OSA. COPD is a chronic inflammatory lung disease defined by persistent, usually pro-gressive AFL (airflow limitation). Changes in lung mechanics lead to the main clini-cal manifestations of dyspnea, cough, and chronic expectoration. Furthermore, patients with COPD often suffer from anxiety and depression also, the risk of OSA and insomnia is higher than those hospitalized for other reasons. Although COPD is twice as rare as asthma but is the cause of death eight times more often.
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