Relevant bibliographies by topics / Uplands – great britain

Academic literature on the topic 'Uplands – great britain'

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Published: 25 July 2024
Last updated: 31 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Uplands – great britain"

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Bunce, Robert G. H., Claire M. Wood, and Simon M. Smart. "The Ecology of British Upland Landscapes. I. Composition of Landscapes, Habitats, Vegetation and Species." Journal of Landscape Ecology 11, no. 3 (December 1, 2018): 120–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jlecol-2018-0015.

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Abstract A primary requirement for policy objectives is reliable figures on the composition of any region. Currently there is no comprehensive, definitive set of statistics for the British Uplands, hence the present paper. An overview of the background to the region is first provided, together with some examples of the available figures and a discussion of their limitations. The paper uses a formal structure, with landscapes at the highest level followed by habitats, then vegetation, and finally species, with exact definitions of the categories applied at all levels. The figures are produced from a survey of stratified, random one kilometre squares. The tables give comprehensive figures for Great Britain (GB) as a whole, and also England, Wales and Scotland. The Uplands are shown to cover 38 % of the country. In terms of UK Broad Habitats, Bog is the most common overall (2062 k ha). It is estimated that 41 % of upland vegetation in Britain is grazed by sheep, and Cervus elephus (red deer) are particularly evident in Scotland. Walls (mainly drystone) are the most important linear feature (84 k km) but hedgerows (30 k km) are also widespread. The major vegetation classes are those linked to moorlands and bogs (about 25 %) but those associated with fertile soils are also common (10 %). In terms of species, Potentilla erecta (tormentil) is the most frequent species with four other acid grassland species in the top ten. Calluna vulgaris (ling heather) has the highest cover in Great Britain (14.8 %).
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PALMER, S. C. F. "Prediction of the shoot production of heather under grazing in the uplands of Great Britain." Grass and Forage Science 52, no. 4 (December 1997): 408–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1997.tb02373.x.

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Curtis, C., T. Allott, J. Hall, R. Harriman, R. Helliwell, M. Hughes, M. Kernan, B. Reynolds, and J. Ullyett. "Critical loads of sulphur and nitrogen for freshwaters in Great Britain and assessment of deposition reduction requirements with the First-order Acidity Balance (FAB) model." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2000): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-4-125-2000.

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Abstract. The critical loads approach is widely used within Europe to assess the impacts of acid deposition on terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. Recent work in Great Britain has focused on the national application of the First-order Acidity Balance (FAB) model to a freshwaters dataset of 1470 lake and stream water chemistry samples from sites across Britain which were selected to represent the most sensitive water bodies in their corresponding 10 km grid square. A ``Critical Load Function" generated for each site is compared with the deposition load of S and N at the time of water chemistry sampling. The model predicts that when catchment processes reach steady-state with these deposition levels, increases in nitrate leaching will depress acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) below the critical threshold of 0 μeql-1 at more than a quarter of the sites sampled, i.e. the critical load of acid deposition is exceeded at these sites. The critical load exceedances are generally found in upland regions of high deposition where acidification has been previously recognised, but critical loads in large areas of western Scotland are also exceeded where little biological evidence of acidification has yet been found. There is a regional variation in the deposition reduction requirements for protection of the sampled sites. The FAB model indicates that in Scotland, most of the sampled sites could be protected by sufficiently large reductions in S deposition alone. In the English and Welsh uplands, both S and N deposition must be reduced to protect the sites. Current international commitments to reduce S deposition throughout Europe will therefore be insufficient to protect the most sensitive freshwaters in England and Wales. Keywords: critical loads; acidification; nitrate; FAB model; acid deposition
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Canning, Jason C., P. J. Henney, M. A. Morrison, and J. W. Gaskarth. "Geochemistry of late Caledonian minettes from Northern Britain: implications for the Caledonian sub-continental lithospheric mantle." Mineralogical Magazine 60, no. 398 (February 1996): 221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1996.060.398.15.

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AbstractThe geochemistry of late Caledonian minettes from across the orogenic belt is compared in order to constrain the composition of the Caledonian sub-continental lithospheric mantle (SCLM). All the minettes are similar petrographically and chemically and several samples have characteristics typical of near primary mantle melts. Samples from the Northern Highlands and the Caledonian foreland show enrichment in many trace elements (notably LILE and LREE) relative to those from the Grampians, the Southern Uplands and northern England, coupled with distinct Nd and Sr isotope characteristics. Processes such as fractional crystallization, crustal assimilation, and partial melting played a negligible role in creating the differences between the two groups which reflect long-term, time-integrated differences in the compositions of their SCLM sources. The Great Glen Fault appears to represent the boundary between these two lithospheric mantle domains. Other currently exposed Caledonian tectonic dislocations cannot be correlated directly with compositional changes within the SCLM. The chemical provinciality displayed by the minettes shows some resemblance to that within other late Caledonian igneous suites, including the newer granites, suggesting that the minettes may represent the lithospheric mantle contributions to these rocks.
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Wilson, Peter. "Rockfall talus slopes and associated talus-foot features in the glaciated uplands of Great Britain and Ireland: periglacial, paraglacial or composite landforms?" Geological Society, London, Special Publications 320, no. 1 (2009): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sp320.9.

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Kalinina, S. A. "Toponymy of Celtic Scotland." SHS Web of Conferences 164 (2023): 00062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202316400062.

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It has long been known that there is a certain link between a geographic locality and its name. The paper attempts to link the history, geography, and culture of Scotland with the names of its cities, homesteads, rivers, streams, mountains, hills, and other localities that are either man-made creations or natural phenomena. Despite covering mere 80,000 km2, Scotland is a unique region. Scotland is almost completely washed by sea, although most of its territory lies on the uplands. Mountains, hills, valleys, rich in diverse vegetation, conjure up an attractive look of Scotland. This very landscape forged the features of Scottish place names, one of the oldest place names on the world map. The paper will touch upon the earliest period when the names of Scottish geographic localities appeared, the period when this amazing country, currently part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, was conquered by the Celtic tribes who penetrated this land in different centuries. First, the author dwells on word-building formants enabling to classify the place names of Scotland as part of the “Celtic” period of language evolution. Some elements including aber, ach, auchter/ochter, bail/baile, barr, blair, coil, dal, gart, inver, mach, pit, tulach , dating back to Celtic language culture, are part of most units of the place-name vocabulary of Scotland and primarily denote natural features of the landscape of the target region.
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Usher, M. B., and D. B. A. Thompson. "Variation in the upland heathlands of Great Britain: Conservation importance." Biological Conservation 66, no. 1 (1993): 69–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(93)90136-o.

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Wood, Claire M., Robert G. H. Bunce, Lisa R. Norton, Simon M. Smart, and Colin J. Barr. "Land cover and vegetation data from an ecological survey of "key habitat" landscapes in England, 1992–1993." Earth System Science Data 10, no. 2 (May 18, 2018): 899–918. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-899-2018.

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Abstract. Since 1978, a series of national surveys (Countryside Survey, CS) have been carried out by the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH) (formerly the Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, ITE) to gather data on the natural environment in Great Britain (GB). As the sampling framework for these surveys is not optimised to yield data on rarer or more localised habitats, a survey was commissioned by the then Department of the Environment (DOE, now the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, DEFRA) in the 1990s to carry out additional survey work in English landscapes which contained semi-natural habitats that were perceived to be under threat, or which represented areas of concern to the ministry. The landscapes were lowland heath, chalk and limestone (calcareous) grasslands, coasts and uplands. The information recorded allowed an assessment of the extent and quality of a range of habitats defined during the project, which can now be translated into standard UK broad and priority habitat classes. The survey, known as the "Key Habitat Survey", followed a design which was a series of gridded, stratified, randomly selected 1 km squares taken as representative of each of the four landscape types in England, determined from statistical land classification and geological data ("spatial masks"). The definitions of the landscapes are given in the descriptions of the spatial masks, along with definitions of the surveyed habitats. A total of 213 of the 1 km2 square sample sites were surveyed in the summers of 1992 and 1993, with information being collected on vegetation species, land cover, landscape features and land use, applying standardised repeatable methods. The database contributes additional information and value to the long-term monitoring data gathered by the Countryside Survey and provides a valuable baseline against which future ecological changes may be compared, offering the potential for a repeat survey. The data were analysed and described in a series of contract reports and are summarised in the present paper, showing for example that valuable habitats were restricted in all landscapes, with the majority located within protected areas of countryside according to different UK designations. The dataset provides major potential for analyses, beyond those already published, for example in relation to climate change, agri-environment policies and land management. Precise locations of the plots are restricted, largely for reasons of landowner confidentiality. However, the representative nature of the dataset makes it highly valuable for evaluating the status of ecological elements within the associated landscapes surveyed. Both land cover data and vegetation plot data were collected during the surveys in 1992 and 1993 and are available via the following DOI: https://doi.org/10.5285/7aefe6aa-0760-4b6d-9473-fad8b960abd4. The spatial masks are also available from https://doi.org/10.5285/dc583be3-3649-4df6-b67e-b0f40b4ec895.
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Fryday, Alan M. "Effects of grazing animals on upland/montane lichen vegetation in Great Britain." Botanical Journal of Scotland 53, no. 1 (January 2001): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03746600108684951.

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Jeffries, C. L., K. L. Mansfield, L. P. Phipps, P. R. Wakeley, R. Mearns, A. Schock, S. Bell, A. C. Breed, A. R. Fooks, and N. Johnson. "Louping ill virus: an endemic tick-borne disease of Great Britain." Journal of General Virology 95, no. 5 (May 1, 2014): 1005–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.062356-0.

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In Europe and Asia, Ixodid ticks transmit tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a flavivirus that causes severe encephalitis in humans but appears to show no virulence for livestock and wildlife. In the British Isles, where TBEV is absent, a closely related tick-borne flavivirus, named louping ill virus (LIV), is present. However, unlike TBEV, LIV causes a febrile illness in sheep, cattle, grouse and some other species, that can progress to fatal encephalitis. The disease is detected predominantly in animals from upland areas of the UK and Ireland. This distribution is closely associated with the presence of its arthropod vector, the hard tick Ixodes ricinus. The virus is a positive-strand RNA virus belonging to the genus Flavivirus, exhibiting a high degree of genetic homology to TBEV and other mammalian tick-borne viruses. In addition to causing acute encephalomyelitis in sheep, other mammals and some avian species, the virus is recognized as a zoonotic agent with occasional reports of seropositive individuals, particularly those whose occupation involves contact with sheep. Preventative vaccination in sheep is effective although there is no treatment for disease. Surveillance for LIV in Great Britain is limited despite an increased awareness of emerging arthropod-borne diseases and potential changes in distribution and epidemiology. This review provides an overview of LIV and highlights areas where further effort is needed to control this disease.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Uplands – great britain"

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Deary, Holly Angela. "'Visions of wildness' : the place of (re)wilding in Scotland's uplands." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11903.

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Notions of ‘wildness' are increasingly relevant to upland management discussions in the Scottish Highlands as several conservation-focused estates embrace a ‘wildland management ethos'. However, while a range of wildland conservation initiatives have embarked upon pathways towards ‘rewilding', this research demonstrates that, although members of this creative conservation movement are widely perceived to share a common vision, they prioritise markedly different wildland qualities. Through a series of triangulated phases, this research explores this ‘spectrum of wildness' and examines the conceptual coherence of wildland restoration discourses. Twenty semi-structured scoping interviews with key stakeholders associated with Scotland's wildest places provide the foundations for an adapted Delphi model, incorporating a Q-methodology study, which utilises insights from seventeen large upland land-holdings to interrogate the disparate discourses associated with Scotland's emergent wildland movement. A taxonomy of management approaches is presented based upon (i) different conceptions of ‘wildness', (ii) differing degrees of concern for ecological and cultural integrity, (iii) conflicting beliefs about the degree of management intervention appropriate and (iv) fundamentally divergent underlying environmental ideologies. A further twenty-three semi-structured interviews exploring wilderness restoration frameworks in the USA, New Zealand and parts of Europe provide an international perspective on Scotland's distinctive approach to wildland management and demonstrate the challenges of multi-dimensional wilderness frameworks which grow out of conflicting mandates; most notably, a critical faultline exists between restoring ‘wildness' (focussed on processes) and naturalness (focussed on endpoints). Given that practical tensions can arise from these different ideological perspectives, understanding and accommodating the social and cultural dimensions which shape multiple (re)wilding discourses is considered critical. As such, place-specific and endogenous social representations are called for, in which wild land is both a physical place and a cultural ideal, and in which (re)wilding comprises a heterogeneous mix of different wilds. This research also critically reflects upon how cultural landscapes with wild qualities present opportunities for rethinking the historical and cultural dimensions of established wilderness values. By exploring the framing of ‘wild' in Scotland's wildland initiatives, a postmodern wildlands narrative which negotiates the conceptual challenges of (re)wilding in a storied, cultural landscape is presented.
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Books on the topic "Uplands – great britain"

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Calder, Ian R. Evaporation in the uplands. Chichester: Wiley, 1990.

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Calder, Ian R. Evaporation in the uplands. Chichester: Wiley, 1990.

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Aletta, Bonn, ed. Drivers of environmental change in uplands. New York: Routledge, 2008.

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Fincham, Garrick. Durobrivae: A Roman town between fen and upland. Stroud, Gloucestershire: Tempus, 2004.

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A, Spratt D., and Burgess Colin, eds. Upland settlement in Britain: The second millenium B.C. and after. Oxford, England: B.A.R., 1985.

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Hastings, Max. Outside days. London: M. Joseph, 1995.

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Newton, Ian. Uplands and Birds. HarperCollins Publishers Limited, 2020.

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Newton, Ian. Uplands and Birds. HarperCollins Publishers Limited, 2020.

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Newton, Ian. Uplands and Birds. HarperCollins Publishers Limited, 2020.

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The Northumbrian Uplands (David and Charles Britain). David & Charles, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Uplands – great britain"

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Armitage, Patrick. "The Classification of Tailwater Sites Receiving Residual Flows from Upland Reservoirs in Great Britain, Using Macroinvertebrate Data." In Regulated Streams, 131–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5392-8_9.

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Curtis, C. J., T. E. H. Allott, B. Reynolds, and R. Harriman. "The Prediction of Nitrate Leaching with the First-Order Acidity Balance (FAB) Model for Upland Catchment in Great Britain." In Biogeochemical Investigations at Watershed, Landscape, and Regional Scales, 205–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0906-4_20.

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Fletcher, Winston. "1951: Watershed Year." In Powers of Persuasion, 7–9. Oxford University PressOxford, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199228010.003.0002.

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Abstract 1951 was a watershed year for Britain, and for British advertising. It was the year which marked the beginning of the transition from the trough of the Second World War, and post-war restrictions and privations, to the sunny uplands of economic affluence. Prime Minister Attlee ’s Labour government had always intended the year to be a watershed. On 3 May 1951, a century after the Victorians ‘ Great Exhibition of 1851, large crowds congregated on the South Bank of the Thames to see the King and Queen open the Festival of Britain, which was designed to celebrate British post-war achievements—to advertise to the world that Britain had said goodbye to austerity and shabbiness, and was well on the way to recovery and prosperity. Deputy Prime Minister Herbert Morrison called the Festival ‘the people giving themselves a pat on the back ’.
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