Journal articles: 'Upland rivers'

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Kardos, Máté Krisztián, and Adrienne Clement. "Predicting small water courses’ physico-chemical status from watershed characteristics with two multivariate statistical methods." Open Geosciences 12, no. 1 (March 18, 2020): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0006.

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AbstractWatershed area and a bunch of relief, land use, and wastewater characteristics for 32 upland and 33 lowland small river courses are generated. Based on these characteristics, logistic binary regression models are trained to predict if the river achieves the good physico-chemical status, and discriminant analysis models are trained to predict the physico-chemical status class on a five-class scale.Univariate models revealed that elevation (for upland rivers), the share of artificial surfaces (for lowland rivers) along with forests, and wastewater quality variables such as biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, and phosphorus are the most significant predictors. Discriminant analysis models performed better on upland than on lowland rivers. Achievement of good status could be predicted with an accuracy of ~90% (with 2 to 4 variable logit models), whereas the status class with an accuracy of 63/48% (with 2 to 4 variable discriminant analysis models) for upland and lowland rivers, respectively. This contribution uses Hungary as a case study.

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Marks, S. D., and G. P. Rutt. "Fluvial sediment inputs to upland gravel bed rivers draining forested catchments: potential ecological impacts." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 1, no. 3 (September 30, 1997): 499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-1-499-1997.

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Abstract. As identified by the detailed long-term monitoring networks at Plynlimon, increased sediment supply to upland fluvial systems is often associated with forestry land-use and practice. Literature is reviewed, in the light of recent results from Plynlimon sediment studies, to enable identification of the potential ecological impacts of fluvial particulate inputs to upland gravel bed rivers draining forested catchments similar to the headwaters of the River Severn. Both sediment transport and deposition can have significant impacts upon aquatic vertebrates, invertebrates and plants.

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Framenau, Volker W., Randolf Manderbach, and Martin Baehr. "Riparian gravel banks of upland and lowland rivers in Victoria (south-east Australia): arthropod community structure and life-history patterns along a longitudinal gradient." Australian Journal of Zoology 50, no. 1 (2002): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo01039.

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Riparian sand and gravel banks are inhabited by a fauna that is well adapted to varying river water levels and frequent inundation of the banks. Arthropods found in these habitats were studied from November 1998 to January 1999 in the upper and lower floodplains of the main rivers and tributaries in ten major catchments in the Victorian Alps. Wolf spiders (Lycosidae, 68%) and ground beetles (Carabidae, 7.8%) were the most abundant arthropods, with densities averaging 14.6 ± 1.8 (s.e.) and 2.3 ± 0.4 individuals m–2 respectively. Species composition and wolf spider densities changed substantially between upland and lowland rivers. These differences correspond with changes in altitude, shading, and gravel and gravel bank size. Comparison of our results with similar studies conducted in temperate Northern Hemisphere floodplains showed significant differences. Carabidae, not Lycosidae, are the dominant arthropod group in Northern Hemisphere floodplains. Wolf spider densities are higher in upper than lower reaches of rivers in the Victorian Alps, but do not change along rivers in the Northern Hemisphere. In contrast, carabid beetles showed similar densities between upland and lowland floodplains in Victoria, but increase in density along rivers in the Northern Hemisphere. A second, monthly sampling program on gravel banks along the Avon River (Gippsland) over a one-year period in 1996 and 1997 provided information on the life histories of eight common gravel-bank arthropods: Venatrix lapidosa, V. arenaris, two undescribed Artoria species (‘A’, ‘B’) (Lycosidae), Eudalia macleayi, Elaphropus ovensensis, Perileptus constricticeps and an unidentified Loxandrus species (‘B’) (Carabidae). Artoria sp. A and sp. B are diplochronous. Despite its smaller size, Artoria sp. B matured one month after Artoria sp. A. Lower temperatures at upland streams and rivers, the typical habitat for Artoria sp. B, may delay its development in comparison with Artoria sp. A, which is generally found further downstream. The life histories of both lycosid spiders and carabid beetles, characterised by prolonged reproductive period and short larval development, appear to have some adaptive value in regard to the disturbance-prone environment.

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Dao, Nga. "Damming Rivers in Vietnam: A Lesson Learned in the Tây Bắc Region." Journal of Vietnamese Studies 6, no. 2 (2011): 106–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/vs.2011.6.2.106.

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This paper draws on legal documents, policy analyses, secondary data collection, and primary empirical data on dam construction on the Đà [Black] River to highlight uneven power and development both between Vietnam's lowlands and uplands and within its upland areas. It examines how the Northwest's ecological, cultural and agrarian landscapes have been shaped by state development policies and, in turn, how outcomes have contributed—if at all—to reshaping state policy. The paper also explores real and calculated costs of hydropower to examine accounting practices and how project costs are distributed among stakeholders.

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Jaros, Henryk. "Physiographic factors affecting the stratigraphy of peat deposits in the Lower Basin of the Biebrza River / Czynniki fizjograficzne wpływające na stratygrafię złoża torfu w Dolnym Basenie Doliny Biebrzy." Journal of Water and Land Development 17, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10025-012-0035-7.

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Abstract Analyses of water conditions in the Lower Basin of the Biebrza River and deposit stratigraphy were conducted in cross-sections through the valley, where geodetic measurements were also made. Peat type in particular layers of the soil profile was determined in selected cross-sections at 100 m intervals. The Lower Basin of the Biebrza River is diverse with regard to the type of water supply to a peatbog, the shape of the bio-accumulative basin’s bottom and the slope of peatbog surface along and across the valley. These factors resulted in the development of different habitats in the peatbog. Northern part of the Lower Basin, between the main road in the village Osowiec and the inflows of the Kosódka and Wissa rivers to the Biebrza River, is a narrow valley supplied mainly with overflowing water of the Biebrza River. Habitats and hydrogenic deposits of this area developed in relation to the type and layout of mineral substratum and to the duration and depth of seasonal flooding. North-west part is mainly supplied by ground water from the adjacent upland. Peat layers, developed on ground waters flowing out from the upland, markedly slope toward the bed of the Biebrza River. Considerable fluctuations of the ground water level can be observed there and most frequently the sites are periodically drying. Part of the valley, from the inflows of the Kosódka and Wissa rivers down to the Biebrza and Narew River confluence, is mainly supplied with underground waters from upland.

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Veliky, A. S., and G. S. Tkachuk. "VEGETATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ISOLATED REMNANT UPLAND BETWEEN THE SELGON AND HARPI RIVERS (MIDDLE AMUR LOWLAND)." Regional problems 24, no. 2-3 (2021): 108–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31433/2618-9593-2021-24-2-3-108-111.

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The authors present vegetation characteristics of the Selgon and Harpi rivers isolated remnant upland. It was compiled a vegetation map of six plant associations with a predominance of forest-type vegetation. The authors revealed the factors determining the upland flora diversity.

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Sierka, Edyta, and Agnieszka Tomczak. "Macrophytes in the assessment of river ecological condition on the example of Pszczynka River (Silesian Upland)." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 1, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/environ-2015-0015.

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Abstract The Water Framework Directive introduced an ecological approach to the assessment and classification of waters. The part of the assessmentare macrophyte - based methods used in the evaluation of the ecologicalcondition of rivers in respect of biodiversity. The Macrophyte Method for River Assessment has been used in Poland since 2007 and provides us with an information about ecological state of the rivers. Presented analyses were aimed to describe macrophyte development in the sandylowland type of river in the Silesian Upland. The assessment was made for lowland Pszczynka River (45.8 km total length, total catchment area 368.3 km2), which is a left-bank tributary of Vistula River. At the selected 10 research sections of the river (100 m each) the composition of macrophytes and abiotic conditions of the river were described. The paper presents the results of preliminary assessment of ecological condition of Pszczynka River on the background sources of substances discharged to the riveralongits course. Macrophyte Index for Rivers (MIR) was calculated based on the results of the research - river bed surface coverage by the particular plant species. The MIR limit values were used to determine the class of water quality in the examined river. Overall, the ecological status of Pszczynka River was rated as moderate and its water classified as Class III of water quality.

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Erskine, W. D., M. J. Saynor, L. Erskine, K. G. Evans, and D. R. Moliere. "A preliminary typology of Australian tropical rivers and implications for fish community ecology." Marine and Freshwater Research 56, no. 3 (2005): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf04078.

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Australian tropical rivers are dependent on highly seasonal rainfall and runoff between November and April. They also transport low sediment and solute loads, except where catchments have been disturbed by mining, grazing and cropping. Aquatic habitats or channel units are the physical template influencing fish communities. Pools provide dry-season refuges for fish and channels provide pathways for movement between refuges when streamflows are re-established. A preliminary geomorphological typology of Australian tropical river reaches (excludes estuaries) is proposed that defines nine distinct river types: (1) bedrock rivers (upland channels and gorges); (2) bedrock-confined rivers; (3) avulsive rivers; (4) meandering rivers (confined meandering, laterally migrating unconfined and laterally stable unconfined); (5) straight rivers; (6) floodouts; (7) island- and ridge-anabranching rivers; (8) co-existent mud-braided and anabranching rivers; and (9) extensive freshwater wetlands and billabongs. Many of these have not been recognised overseas and are unique. Channel units differ greatly between river types and contribute to distinctive fish communities in different river types. As expected, fish diversity decreases upstream because of less diverse habitat and natural barriers to fish movement at steps, falls and turbulent cascades and rapids. Fish kills occur in most years and are caused by several different factors that reduce dissolved oxygen.

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Kosheleva, Olga Yu. "Zoning of Catchments of Small Rivers in the South of the Volga Upland by the Water Protection Role of Forests." Lesnoy Zhurnal (Forestry Journal), no. 1 (February 9, 2021): 99–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2021-1-99-111.

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The article presents the results of the spatial distribution analysis of protective forest plantations within the catchment basins of in the south of the Volga Upland (within the Volgograd region). The data obtained are important for planning agroforestry and land reclamation. The interpretation of 133 reservoirs using satellite images and large-scale (Scale – 1:100 000) isolinear mapping of forest cover in the key areas allowed us to find that for the majority of catchments the low forest cover of the central part of the basin, caused by agricultural land use, is typical. The main environment protection function is performed by large forests of natural (growing in floodplains, uplands and steppe ravines) and artificial origin (forest shelterbelts), localized near the source (in watersheds) and the mouths of small rivers. Depending on the type of plantations and their presence or absence near the source or mouth of the river 6 types of forest cover of catchments in the south of the Volga Upland have been identified: I – river source and mouth have maxima (relative to the rest of the catchment basin) of natural forest cover; II – the source has a maximum of artificial forest cover, the mouth has a maximum of natural forest cover; III – there are no plantations at the source, there is a maximum of natural forest cover at the mouth; IV – there is a maximum of natural forest cover at the source, there are no plantations at the mouth; V – there is a maximum of artificial forest cover at the source, there are no plantations at the mouth; VI – there are no plantations at the source and mouth. It is found that the largest area within the south of the Volga upland is occupied by catchments of the III type (38.3 %), the relief of which is characterized by the predominance of gentle slopes, which have been exposed to the greatest extent to plowing and destruction of natural forest vegetation. Together with catchments of the IV–VI types, having no afforestation in the lower stream, about 59.2 % of plantations of the south of the Volga Upland are not protected from the processes of water erosion and deflation.

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Novak, Taras. "Correlation of the river valleys terraces of the Volhynian Upland based on morphological and lithological features." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 49 (December 30, 2015): 253–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2015.49.8639.

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River valleys of Volhynian Upland are characterized by a larger number of terraces and a greater depth of their downcutting compared with neighbouring Polissia and Male Polissia. We established that the major rivers of Volhynian Upland have floodplain and mostly three terraces. The valley of the Horyn River is different from others by presence of fourth terrace. According to received information, the age of forming of the highest terrace (revealed only in the Horyn Valley) can be considered as Early Pleistocene, the third terrace – Middle Pleistocene, and the two lowest terraces – Late Pleistocene. Relief of the Early and Middle Pleistocene terraces is characterized by high degree of dissection and presence of sufficiently thick loess cover. At higher Late Pleistocene terrace loess cover isn’t revealed everywhere and has a small thickness (typically up to 5 m). The lowest terrace in most valleys has local distribution and it is composed mainly of sandy material. The surface of this terrace is located on several hypsometric levels. Floodplain usually has two high-rise levels. It formed in the Holocene. Key words: river valley, terrace, floodplain, Volhynian Upland, Horyn River, Styr River, Zakhidnyi Buh River.

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ZOGARIS, S., Y. CHATZINIKOLAOU, and P. DIMOPOULOS. "Riparian woodland flora in upland rivers of Western Greece." Mediterranean Marine Science 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2008): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.134.

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Although natural riparian woodlands are an important feature that affects the quality of aquatic conditionsin streams and rivers, surveying riparian zone flora is rarely implemented in the Mediterraneancountries. We developed a rapid assessment method for gathering standardized plot-based woody flora andvegetation data from riparian woodlands. In 2005 we surveyed 218 streamside vegetation plots at 109 sitesin upland areas of four major rivers in mainland Greece (Alfios, Acheloos, Arachthos, and Aoos). Herewe describe the survey method and provide selected results from its initial implementation. The simplicityand effectiveness of this survey procedure supports the use of rapid site-based biodiversity surveys for riparianzones alongside aquatic status assessments.

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Sechu, Gasper L., Bertel Nilsson, Bo V. Iversen, Mette B. Greve, Christen D. Børgesen, and Mogens H. Greve. "A Stepwise GIS Approach for the Delineation of River Valley Bottom within Drainage Basins Using a Cost Distance Accumulation Analysis." Water 13, no. 6 (March 18, 2021): 827. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13060827.

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River valley bottoms have hydrological, geomorphological, and ecological importance and are buffers for protecting the river from upland nutrient loading coming from agriculture and other sources. They are relatively flat, low-lying areas of the terrain that are adjacent to the river and bound by increasing slopes at the transition to the uplands. These areas have under natural conditions, a groundwater table close to the soil surface. The objective of this paper is to present a stepwise GIS approach for the delineation of river valley bottom within drainage basins and use it to perform a national delineation. We developed a tool that applies a concept called cost distance accumulation with spatial data inputs consisting a river network and slope derived from a digital elevation model. We then used wetlands adjacent to rivers as a guide finding the river valley bottom boundary from the cost distance accumulation. We present results from our tool for the whole country of Denmark carrying out a validation within three selected areas. The results reveal that the tool visually performs well and delineates both confined and unconfined river valleys within the same drainage basin. We use the most common forms of wetlands (meadow and marsh) in Denmark’s river valleys known as Groundwater Dependent Ecosystems (GDE) to validate our river valley bottom delineated areas. Our delineation picks about half to two-thirds of these GDE. However, we expected this since farmers have reclaimed Denmark’s low-lying areas during the last 200 years before the first map of GDE was created. Our tool can be used as a management tool, since it can delineate an area that has been the focus of management actions to protect waterways from upland nutrient pollution.

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Arāja, Rita. "Gauja River." Dev Sanskriti Interdisciplinary International Journal 8 (July 31, 2016): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.36018/dsiij.v8i0.90.

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Gauja, as a River embraces the most significant position in the mindset of the Latvians, not only because it is among the largest rivers of Latvia, but also because of its sacred imprints on the Latvian history and heritage. From a geographical point of view, it is the only large river of Latvia, which has its upper and lower stretches both located in the Latvian terrains. From its upper reaches in the Vidzeme Upland; it runs uninterrupted for about 452 kilometers before falling into the Gulf of Riga, thus making it the longest river of Latvia. However, it is not its length that offers Gauja, a distinct position in the Latvian chronicles rather it is the sacred and mystical value of Gauja that provides it an unparalleled position, which can only be compared to the River Ganges of India or other such sacred rivers of that historical nation.

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Neal, C. "The fractionation of the elements in river waters with respect to the continental crust: a UK perspective based on a river enrichment factor approach." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 4, no. 3 (September 30, 2000): 499–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-4-499-2000.

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Abstract. The fractionation in chemical elements for UK river waters is described relative to the continental crust based on data collected within studies of upland acidic catchments in mid-Wales and major eastern-UK rivers. Four types of river are examined (upland, rural, agricultural and industrial/urban) together with an average for the UK based on a "river enrichment factor", REF. Here, the REF is defined as the ratio of the median river water concentration to the average abundance for the upper continental crust for each element. For this purpose, graphical representations of the logarithm of the REF are presented sequentially in increasing order of magnitude. The results demonstrate vividly the high fractionating of the more volatile, anionic and ‘sea-salt' elements to the aqueous phase and the retention of transition elements of high charge due to solubility controls with intermediate controls for the divalent base cations of intermediate solubility. They also show the increasing significance of pollutants in the agriculturally and industrially/ urban impacted environments. Keywords: Elements; major elements; trace elements; nutrients; river; hydrochemistry; enrichment factor; river enrichment factor; LOIS; Plynlimon; River Severn; Afon Hafren; River Tweed; River Aire; River Thames

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Bihałowicz, Jan Stefan, and Grzegorz Wierzbicki. "Rivers Try Harder. Reversed “Differential Erosion” as Geological Control of Flood in the Large Fluvial Systems in Poland." Water 13, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040424.

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We study cross-sections on the Detailed Geological Map of Poland (SMGP) to find a geologic and geomorphic pattern under river valleys in Poland. The pattern was found in 20 reaches of the largest Polish rivers (Odra, Warta, Vistula, Narew, and Bug) located in the European Lowland, in the landscape of old (Pleistocene, Saalian) glacial high plains extending between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) moraines on the North and the Upland on the South. The Upland was slightly folded and up-faulted during Alpine orogeny together with the thrust of Carpathian nappes and the uplift of Tatra Mts. and Sudetes. The found pattern is an alluvial river with broad Holocene floodplain and the channel developed atop the protrusion of bedrock (Jurassic, Cretaceous limestones, marlstones, sandstones) or non-alluvial, cohesive, overconsolidated sediments resistant to erosion (glacial tills, lacustrine or “ice-dammed lake” clays) of Cenozoic (Paleogene, Neogene, Quaternary—Elsterian). We regard the sub-alluvial protrusion as the limit of river incision and scour. It cannot be determined why the river flows atop these protrusions, in opposition to “differential erosion”, a geomorphology principle. We assume it is evidence of geological flood control. We propose an environmental and geomorphological framework for the hydrotechnical design of instream river training.

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Ozimede, C. O., G. C. Obute, and B. L. Nyananyo. "Morphological and Anatomical Diversity Study on three Species of Amaranthus namely; A. hybridus L., A. viridis L. and A.spinosus L. from Rivers State, Nigeria." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 23, no. 10 (November 21, 2019): 1875–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v23i10.17.

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A study of morphological and anatomical diversity on three species of Amaranthus in the Amaranthaceae family namely; A. hybridus L., A.viridis L. and A. spinosus L. from the three senatorial district of Rivers state namely; Rivers East (upland), Rivers South East (upland) and Rivers West (coastal region) was studied to examine the diversity that exist even among similar species from different regions. Result obtained from this research showed high rate of diversity. Examination of the tran–sections of blades revealed uni–seriate epidermis, ground tissue with angular collenchyma and slender parenchyma. The vascular bundles shape had only crescent as the shape pattern. The midrib shape in cross section has three patterns in which arc, rounded and crescent bundle occurs. The examination of the petioles exhibits new and varied characters for A. viridis such as petiole shape (cross section), vascular bundles (shape, number, arrangement). While the resulted characters from the observation of the stem structure showed less variation. 52 quantitative and qualitative characters were achieved from morphological and anatomical characters and applied for construction of a dendogram using the Paleontological statistics (PAST) software which showed variation even among similar species from different senatorial district.Keywords: Amaranthus, Morphology, Anatomy, Diversity

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Berezovskaya, V. Yu. "Algal diversity of rivers of the Kiev Upland Region (Ukraine)." Algologia 29, no. 1 (March 22, 2019): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/alg29.01.059.

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Dunbar, Michael J., Mark Warren, Chris Extence, Lucy Baker, Dan Cadman, David J. Mould, Juliette Hall, and Richard Chadd. "Interaction between macroinvertebrates, discharge and physical habitat in upland rivers." Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 20, S1 (February 19, 2010): S31—S44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.1089.

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Berezovskaya, V. Yu. "Species Diversity of Algae of the Kiev Upland Rivers (Ukraine)." International Journal on Algae 21, no. 1 (2019): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/interjalgae.v21.i1.30.

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Burns, A. J., R. I. Jones, and J. K. Adamson. "Stable isotope analysis of food web structure in upland rivers." SIL Proceedings, 1922-2010 27, no. 6 (September 2001): 3286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03680770.1998.11902432.

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Ribeiro, Alexandre Cunha. "Tectonic history and the biogeography of the freshwater fishes from the coastal drainages of eastern Brazil: an example of faunal evolution associated with a divergent continental margin." Neotropical Ichthyology 4, no. 2 (June 2006): 225–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-62252006000200009.

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The eastern Brazilian coastal drainages are of great biogeographical significance, because of their highly endemic fish faunas. Phylogenetic patterns suggest a close biotic relationship between the rivers that flow into the Atlantic and those on the adjacent upland crystalline shield. However, little has been said on the dynamics of the geological processes causally related to the cladogenetic events between these areas. Distributional and phylogenetic patterns suggest a close association with the geological history of the passive continental margin of South America, from the Cretaceous to the present day. In this area megadome uplifts, rifting, vertical movements between rifted blocks and the erosive retreat of the South American eastern continental margin are hypothesized as the main geological forces controlling the distribution of freshwater fishes. The tectonic activity associated with the break-up of Gondwana and separation of South America and Africa formed six megadomes that control most of the current courses of the main crystalline shield river basins. Except for basins located at the edges of such megadomes, these river systems developed long, circuitous routes over the ancient Brazilian crystalline shield before emptying into the recently opened Atlantic Ocean. Initial cladogenetic events between upland crystalline drainages and Atlantic tributaries were probably associated with vicariant processes, and some ancient basal sister-groups of widespread inclusive taxa are found in these coastal hydrographic systems. Later, generalized erosive denudation resulted in an isostatic adjustment of the eastern margin of the platform. These, along with reactivations of ancient rifts led to vertical movements between rifted blocks and gave rise, in southeastern Brazil, to taphrogenic (rift related) basins. These basins, such as the Taubaté, São Paulo, Curitiba and Volta Redonda basins, among others, captured adjacent upland drainages and fauna. The fossil fishes from the Tremembé Formation (Eocene-Oligocene of Taubaté Basin) exemplify this process. Other taphrogenic systems of Tertiary age were also identified in other segments of the Atlantic continental margin, such as in Borborema province, in NE Brazil, with marked influence over drainage patterns. At the same time, erosive retreat of the eastern margin of the platform successively captured upland rivers, which became Atlantic tributaries evolving associated to main rift systems. The continued nature of these processes explains the mixed phylogenetic and distributional patterns between Atlantic tributaries and the upland crystalline shield areas, especially in the southeastern continental margin, represented by successively, less inclusive sister-groups associated with cladogenetic events from the Late Cretaceous to the present.

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Golovneva, L. B., and A. A. Gnilovskaya. "Fossil plants from the Vysokorechenskaya Formation (the Upper Cretaceous, Korayk Upland)." Palaeobotany 6 (2015): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31111/palaeobotany/2015.6.36.

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The Vysokorechensk floristic assemblage comes from the Vysokorechenskaya Formation (Khatyrka and Svetlaya Rivers interfluve, southeastern part of the Korayk Upland). It contains 12 species: Equisetum sp., Sphenopteris sp., Ginkgo ex gr. adiantoides (Heer) Unger, Elatocladus smittiana (Heer) Seward, Mesocyparis beringiana (Golovn.) McIver et Aulenback, Sequoia sp., Тaxodium sp., Сelastrinites septentrionalis (Krysht.) Golovn., Corylus sp., Peculnea sp., Platanus sp. Trochodendroides sp. According to systematic composition the Vysokorechensk floristic assemblage is similar to the Kakanaut flora from the Kakanaut Formation (Kakanaut River Basin). The Vysokorechenskaya Formation is represented by marine volcanogenous-terrigenous sediments. It contains inocerams and ammonites of the upper Maastrichtian (Schachmaticeramus kusiroensis (Nagao et Mat.), Pachydiscus subcompressus Mat.). On this base the age of the Vysokorechensk floristic assemblage is determined as the beginning of late Maastrichtian. The correlation of the Maastrichtian deposits of diff erent areas of eastern part of the Koryak Upland was carried out.

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Piwowarczyk, Renata. "Orobanche caryophyllacea Sm. (Orobanchaceae) in Poland: current distribution, taxonomy, plant communities and hosts." Acta Agrobotanica 67, no. 3 (2014): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2014.035.

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The paper presents the current distribution of <em>Orobanche caryophyllacea </em>Sm. in<em> </em>Poland based on a critical revision of herbarium and literature data as well as the results of my field studies. The majority of localities are in south and south-eastern Poland: Małopolska Upland, Lublin Upland, Roztocze, Przemyśl Foothills, Pieniny Mts, rarely in the valleys of the Lower Vistula and Oder rivers or Wolin island. The distribution map in Poland is included. The taxonomy, biology and ecology of the species are discussed.

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Bhargava, Devendra Swaroop. "Nature and the Ganga." Environmental Conservation 14, no. 4 (1987): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900016829.

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The Ganga's unique and numerous virtues appear to be based on myths, but the reasons for its importance are traceable to scientific premises. The Ganga, symbolizing Indian culture and civilization, is regarded by the Hindus as the holiest amongst the rivers, and it is the Indo-Gangetic plain's most significant river owing to its mighty basin and course, and extraordinarily high self-purifying powers. The Ganga originates from Gangori in the Uttrakhand Himalayan glacier as an upland stream, emerges as a river of the plains at Rishikesh, and, after traversing almost the entirety of India from West to East, finally merges into the Bay of Bengal.

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Raven, Emma K., Stuart N. Lane, and Louise J. Bracken. "Understanding sediment transfer and morphological change for managing upland gravel-bed rivers." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 34, no. 1 (January 22, 2010): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133309355631.

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Upland river systems constantly evolve in response to a wide range of complex and interlinked processes. These include internal factors such as the discharge, sediment supply and transfer, and the role of the channel boundary. All are influenced by external catchment-scale factors including climate and land use. Managing these systems to reduce flood risk, prevent bank erosion and preserve habitats is typically carried out without sufficient consideration of the complex interrelationships governing the fluvial system. This is partly due to a lack of broad-scale thinking and partly due to the intensive field-based data collection required to inform the processes. As such, decisions are often ill-informed, becoming unsuccessful or simply shifting the problems elsewhere in the system. Furthermore, the continually changing nature of rivers makes management more challenging as an implemented scheme is highly unlikely to remain effective in the long term. While upland catchment hydrology and the implications of climate and land-use change have received much attention in recent decades, in-channel interactions between sediment transfer and morphological change have been relatively neglected. These interactions are fundamental to flood risk, lateral channel adjustment, and habitat and ecology; thus, they require a more concentrated research effort. Central to this is a more holistic approach to catchment operations and a greater understanding of the links between the in-channel dynamics and broader catchment changes.

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Pryshchepa, B. A. "FORMATION OF EARLY SLAVIC SETTLEMENT STRUCTURES BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE EXPLORATION OF MONUMENTS OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE FIRST MILLENNIUM IN THE BASIN OF THE HORYN RIVER." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 30, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2019.01.04.

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The processes of Slavic settlement between the Dnipro and the Carpathians in the early Middle Ages have been studied unevenly. Scientists characterized them based on the materials from Eastern Volhynia, Northern Bukovina, and Eastern Podillia. New archaeological sources obtained during the research of the monuments of the second half of the first millennium in the basin of the Horyn River allow us to trace the dynamics of the settlement of ancient Slavs in certain micro-regions and the formation of early medieval settlement structures, and the influence of various factors on these processes. In its flow, the river passes different landscapes and physical and geographical zones in terms, and such natural diversity had a corresponding effect on the processes of settlement. In total, about 300 settlements of the early Slavs have been explored in the region. The comparison of data from different chronological stages indicates a significant increase in their number, from 38 in the 6—7th centuries to 262 in the 10th century, that is, in 6.9 times. The peculiarity of the placement of early Slavic settlements in the Horyn River basin was their concentration within the Volhynian Upland (over 85 % of all settlements of the Raikovets culture are located here) and the weak population of Volhynian Polissia. Beginning from the 6—7th centuries the formation of individual nests of settlements can be observed in Volhynian Upland. In the basins of small rivers and streams, the nests of settlements are easier to outline, because they, as a rule, have distinct natural boundaries on the watersheds. According to the materials of the Raikovets culture, the nests of settlements are better detected at the final stage of its development in the late 9—10th centuries. At this time, they can be distinguished not only by the concentration of unfortified settlements, but also by the fortifications and burial mounds. The archaeological sources of the 8—10th centuries allow to allocate the nests of settlements in the whole territory of the Volhynian Upland and along the Horyn River within Volhynian Polissia. Their area is determined by the size of the basins of small rivers and streams from 25 to 60 square kilometers. Gradually, the number of settlements in individual nests increased; in the 10th century, on the Volhynian Upland they counted from 4 to 11. The structure of such nests became more complicated, fortifications appeared, and burial mounds were formed. Territorial groups of the settlements of the same age, along with their resource base in the form of agricultural lands, pastures, forests, etc., according to the researchers, are the archaeological equivalent of the Slavic community.

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Varenov, Aleksandr, Anna Tarbeeva, Dmitriy Botavin, Nadezhda Mikhaylova, Leonid Turykin, and Aleksandra Chalova. "Channel processes of a small river heavily modified by human activities." E3S Web of Conferences 163 (2020): 06011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016306011.

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Widely-spread small rivers are very poorly studied in relation to channel processes. The influence of local factors, high sensitivity to human impact, close connection with basin processes, and relatively low rates of channel changes distinguish them from medium and large ones and make it necessary to form a special approach to studies. Based on collection of long-term maps and local residents’ interviews, we reconstructed the transformation of channels in the Kudma River basin (the Volga Upland) for the last 200 years. Based on the bank erosion monitoring during 2011-2019 the modern rates of channel changes were revealed. We found that significant human impact is associated with the artificial channels cutoffs and draining of ponds which led to channel incision of the Kudma and Ozerka Rivers in the middle reaches and the transformation of floodplain into terrace. Agriculture development caused siltation of the upper reaches of rivers. The rivers of the forested part of the basin experienced the least human changes. From 2011 to 2019 the maximum rates of bank erosion were found to be within range of 0.3 to 2.7 m/year and supposed to be driven by peak water discharge.

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Yalden, D. W. "The habitat and activity of Common SandpipersActitis hypoleucosbreeding by upland rivers." Bird Study 33, no. 3 (November 1986): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00063658609476923.

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Hayes, Malorie M., Holden J. Paz, Carla C. Stout, David C. Werneke, and Jonathan W. Armbruster. "A hotspot atop: rivers of the Guyana Highlands hold high diversity of endemic pencil catfish (Teleostei: Ostariophysi: Siluriformes)." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 129, no. 4 (March 12, 2020): 862–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blaa023.

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Abstract The Pakaraima Mountains are an ancient mountain range along the borders of Guyana, Brazil and Venezuela. The high plateau is drained by multiple river systems in all directions. Although hypotheses have been presented for the biogeographical relationships of lowland rivers, the interconnectivity of rivers on the top of the plateau is unknown. With multiple complex rivers in a small, upland area, we predicted a high level of endemism for stream fishes and complex biogeographical relationships. We explored this with the incredibly diverse pencil catfish genus Trichomycterus. Using collections from recent expeditions to the Pakaraima Mountains of Guyana, we amplified three mitochondrial (16S, COI and Cytb) and one nuclear marker (rag2). We constructed individual gene trees and a concatenated tree to determine the placement of these taxa within the Trichomycterus of the trans-Andean/Amazonian clade. Herein, we identify six endemic lineages of Trichomycterus from the highlands of the Pakaraima Mountains. Of the identified lineages, we find two species occupying multiple basins, suggesting that Pakaraima streams either maintain connectivity or had some degree of recent connectivity.

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Yuferev, Valery Grigorievich, Aleksey Anatolyevich Zavalin, Yuri Nikolaevich Pleskachev, Anastasia Vasilievna Vdovenko, Sergey Denisovich Fomin, and Elena Sergeevna Vorontsova. "Degradation of landscapes in the South of the Privolzhsky Upland." Journal of Forest Science 65, No. 5 (May 31, 2019): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/141/2018-jfs.

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Landscapes in the southern part of the Privolzhsky Upland represent a complex ecological system, functioning in severe geomorphological and climatic conditions. The study of erosion degradation and zoning of the southern part of the Privolzhsky Upland, limited by the interfluve of the Volga and Ilovlya rivers, with a total area of 1,156 thousand hectares, where the dissection of the gully and ravine network is 0.4–1.0 km·km–2, reaching in some places 3.5 km·km–2 was carried out by the methods of the joint analysis of digital elevation model, large-scale topographic cartographic basis and satellite images of the studied territory, using specialized programs and geographic information systems “Surfer” and “QGIS”, using the developed equation (S = 240exp(–(H–98.6)2/(–2,798.4)) + 2.16), which provides a simulation in landscape analogues. Studies provide an opportunity to identify the quantitative parameters of the landscape for each of the selected contours, to determine the most vulnerable areas to erosion, which will allow us to develop a plan of work to prevent the washing away of the fertile soil layer using the example of our modelling.

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Whitehead, P. G., A. J. Wade, and D. Butterfield. "Potential impacts of climate change on water quality and ecology in six UK rivers." Hydrology Research 40, no. 2-3 (April 1, 2009): 113–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2009.078.

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A modelling study has been undertaken to assess the likely impacts of climate change on water quality across the UK. A range of climate change scenarios have been used to generate future precipitation, evaporation and temperature time series at a range of catchments across the UK. These time series have then been used to drive the Integrated Catchment (INCA) suite of flow, water quality and ecological models to simulate flow, nitrate, ammonia, total and soluble reactive phosphorus, sediments, macrophytes and epiphytes in the Rivers Tamar, Lugg, Tame, Kennet, Tweed and Lambourn. A wide range of responses have been obtained with impacts varying depending on river character, catchment location, flow regime, type of scenario and the time into the future. Essentially upland reaches of river will respond differently to lowland reaches of river, and the responses will vary depending on the water quality parameter of interest.

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FitzSimmons, N. N., P. Featherston, and A. D. Tucker. "Comparative dietary ecology of turtles (Chelodina burrungandjii and Emydura victoriae) across the Kimberley Plateau, Western Australia, prior to the arrival of cane toads." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 11 (2016): 1611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15199.

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Food webs in north-western Australian rivers exist in dynamic environments and will be influenced by land use practices, invasion of toxic cane toads (Rhinella marina) and the effects of climate change on river flows. Baseline studies are needed to understand aquatic food webs before these impacts. In the present study, we investigated the diets of two turtles (Emydura victoriae and Chelodina burrungandjii) in four upland rivers across a gradient of rainfall and land uses in the Kimberley Plateau of Western Australia. We captured turtles by snorkelling and recovered their prey by stomach lavage. We enumerated 2720 prey items from 390 E. victoriae samples and 308 prey items from 155 C. burrungandjii samples. Prey compositions distinguished E. victoriae as an omnivorous generalist relying on a diversity of animal and plant prey and C. burrungandjii as a piscivorous specialist, but with both species as likely predators of toxic cane toad eggs or tadpoles. Comparisons among the rivers showed variation in diets for both species that reflect differences in prey availability and location-specific food webs. Terrestrially based food sources were observed in 26% of E. victoriae samples and 3% of C. burrungandjii samples, which indicates the importance of the aquatic–terrestrial interface and land use practices within these rivers.

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McDonald, Adrian, Stuart N. Lane, Nick E. Haycock, and E. A. Chalk. "Rivers of dreams: on the gulf between theoretical and practical aspects of an upland river restoration." Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers 29, no. 3 (September 2004): 257–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0020-2754.2004.00314.x.

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Nzau Matondo, Billy, Jean-Philippe Benitez, Arnaud Dierckx, Xavier Rollin, and Michaël Ovidio. "An Evaluation of Restocking Practice and Demographic Stock Assessment Methods for Cryptic Juvenile European Eel in Upland Rivers." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (February 5, 2020): 1124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031124.

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Restocking of the critically endangered European eel Anguilla anguilla is widespread, but it is rarely scientifically evaluated. Methods used to assess its associated performance by estimating the survival rate and implement restocking for maximum recruitment in rivers have not yet been investigated. Based on two glass eel restocking events using a single release site/point and multiple sites per river performed in upland rivers (>340 km from the North Sea), the recruitment success of stocked eels was scientifically evaluated during a 3-year study using multiple capture-mark-recapture methods and mobile telemetry. We compared the observed data with the data estimated from the Telemetry, De Lury and Jolly-Seber stock assessment methods. For recruitment data, Telemetry was very close to Jolly-Seber, an appropriate stock assessment method for open populations. Using the best model of Jolly-Seber, survival probability was higher (>95%) in both restocking practices, but recruitment yields were higher and densities of stocked eels were lower in multiple sites compared to a single site. Our results suggest that Telemetry can help to rapidly assess cryptic juvenile eel stocks with good accuracy under a limited number of capture-mark-recapture sessions. Artificial dispersal of glass eels on several productive habitats/sites per river appears to be the better-suited practice for restocking.

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Blöthe, Jan, Gudrun Hillebrand, and Thomas Hoffmann. "Sediment rating and annual cycles of suspended sediment in German upland rivers." E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 04020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184004020.

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Sediment flux of lowland rivers is dominated by suspended transport, but data is often sparse and analysis largely relies on rating relationships. However, suspended sediment concentration is by no means constant in both, space and time. Here we analyse the variability of sediment rating curves and the seasonality of suspended sediment concentration in German waterways, as recorded by 10 gauging stations with catchment areas between 2600 - 22000 km2. Our data reveal a distinct break in power-law scaling relationships for all stations, with increased scaling exponents above threshold discharges close to the geometric mean. We attribute this mainly to the activation of sediment sources that resist mobilisation at lower flows. Furthermore, all stations show a counter-clockwise hysteresis effect throughout the year, where summer discharges have a higher sediment load than comparable winter discharges. Though the reasons for this pattern need further investigation, preliminary results show a strong correlation with rainfall erosivity and land-use parameters.

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Gilvear, D. J. "Experimental analysis of reservoir release wave routing in upland boulder bed rivers." Hydrological Processes 3, no. 3 (July 1989): 261–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.3360030306.

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O’Driscoll, Connie, Elvira de Eyto, Michael Rodgers, Mark O’Connor, Zaki-ul-Zaman Asam, and Liwen Xiao. "Diatom assemblages and their associated environmental factors in upland peat forest rivers." Ecological Indicators 18 (July 2012): 443–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2011.12.008.

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Brizga, S. O., and B. L. Finlayson. "Interactions between upland catchment and lowland rivers: an applied Australian case study." Geomorphology 9, no. 3 (May 1994): 189–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-555x(94)90062-0.

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Lv, Lingyun, Lunche Wang, Chang’an Li, Hui Li, Xinsheng Wang, and Shaoqiang Wang. "Formation Mechanism for Upland Low-Relief Surface Landscapes in the Three Gorges Region, China." Remote Sensing 12, no. 23 (November 27, 2020): 3899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12233899.

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Extensive areas with low-relief surfaces that are almost flat surfaces high in the mountain ranges constitute the dominant geomorphic feature of the Three Gorges area. However, their origin remains a matter of debate, and has been interpreted previously as the result of fluvial erosion after peneplain uplift. Here, a new formation mechanism for these low-relief surface landscapes has been proposed, based on the analyses of low-relief surface distribution, swath profiles, χ mapping, river capture landform characteristics, and a numerical analytical model. The results showed that the low-relief surfaces in the Three Gorges area could be divided into higher elevation and lower elevation surfaces, distributed mainly in the highlands between the Yangtze River and Qingjiang River. The analyses also showed that the rivers on both sides of the drainage divide have not yet reached equilibrium, with actively migrating drainage divides and river basins in the process of reorganizing. It was concluded that the low-relief surfaces in the Three Gorges area did not share a common uplift history, and neither were they peneplain relicts, but rather that the effect of “area-loss feedback” caused by river capture has promoted the formation of upland low-relief surface landscapes. A future work aims to present the contribution of accurate dating of low-relief surface landscapes.

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40

Mason, Joseph A., Edward A. Nater, and Howard C. Hobbs. "Transport Direction of Wisconsinan Loess in Southeastern Minnesota." Quaternary Research 41, no. 1 (January 1994): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1994.1005.

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AbstractA study of Wisconsinan loess in part of southeastern Minnesota confirms earlier suggestions that much of the loess in this region was not derived flora the floodplain of the Mississippi River. Two Wisconsinan loess units, the Peoria Loess and Roxana Silt, occur in the study area. Peoria Loess, 1-8 m thick, fines systematically eastward from an abrupt western border toward the Mississippi. There are no apparent grain-size trends away from other adjacent rivers. Peoria Loess thickness generally decreases eastward, but is highly variable, probably because of differential erosion. Potential sources for this unit are pre-Wisconsinan sediments on the Iowan Erosion Surface immediately west of the border of thick loess and Wisconsinan glacial sources tens or hundreds of kilometers to the west. The underlying Roxana Silt, up to 1 m thick, occurs only near the Mississippi and fines away from that river. The Roxana Silt deposit could reflect aggradation of the Mississippi floodplain because of glacial activity upstream and does not have clear implications for upland vegetation near the study area. By contrast, transport of the Peoria Loess from distant glacial sources or wind erosion of upland surfaces closer to the loess deposit both imply extensive, very sparsely vegetated surfaces west of the study area when the Peoria Loess accumulated.

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Helliwell, R. C., R. C. Ferrier, L. Johnston, J. Goodwin, and R. Doughty. "Land use influences on acidification and recovery of freshwaters in Galloway, south-west Scotland." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 5, no. 3 (September 30, 2001): 451–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-5-451-2001.

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Abstract. The long term response of surface waters to changes in sulphur deposition and afforestation is investigated for three upland river systems in the Galloway region of south-west Scotland. From 1984-1999, these rivers exhibited a statistically significant decline in non-marine sulphate concentrations in response to reduced acid deposition. This reduction in non-marine sulphate was, however, insufficient to induce a pH recovery over the period. A statistically significant increase in river pH was observed between 1956-1970 (0.05 yr-1) when subsidised agricultural lime payments were at a maximum. In 1976, this subsidy ceased and surface waters have progressively acidified. In addition, climatic change is found to influence long-term trends in pH. Mean annual pH was greatest during a dry period between 1969-1973 when total annual discharge was low. Thereafter, pH declined gradually in response to higher rainfall and increased total annual discharge. Overall, surface waters draining the afforested catchments of the Rivers Cree and Bladnoch are more acid than those draining the moorland catchment of the Luce. These results indicate that in afforested catchments, current reductions in sulphur emissions have not led to an observed improvement in the acid status of surface waters. Forestry, therefore, represents a confounding factor with regard to chemical recovery from acidification in this region. Keywords: acidification, afforestation, deposition, rivers, lochs, non-marine sulphate, pH

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Chad-Umoren, Yehuwdah E., and Margaret A. Briggs-Kamara. "ENVIRONMENTAL IONIZING RADIATION DISTRIBUTION IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 18, no. 2 (June 30, 2010): 154–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2010.18.

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The distribution of ionizing radiation in Rivers State in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria is studied on the premise that the state ‐ wide distribution of oil and gas operations leads to a homogeneous ionizing radiation environment. The state is sub divided into three self‐ consistent sub environments of an upland college campus environment, a rural riverine environment and an industrial sub zone environment. Available data give a mean dose equivalent of 0.745+ 0.085 mSv/yr (upland campus environment), 0.690+0.170 mSv/yr (rural riverine communities) and 1.270+0.087 mSv/yr (industrial zone) indicating an inhomogeneous radiation profile. The differences may be due to variations in levels of industrial activities and local geological peculiarities. Health implications are also examined. Santrauka Jonizuojančiosios spinduliuotes pasiskirstymas Rivers valstijoje Nigerio deltos regione, Nigerijoje, yra nagrinejamas remiantis prielaida, kad valstijos mastu naftos ir duju veiklos pletra gali tureti itakos aplinkos jonizuojančiosios spinduliuotes homogenizacijai. Tirti pasirinktos trys būdingos aplinkos vietos: universiteto teritorija, esanti vasltijos aukštumoje, kaimo paupio teritorijos bei pramonine aplinka. Gauti rezultatai parode, kad vidutines dozes ekvivalentai atitinkamai pasirinktose vietose yra 0,745±0,085 mSv/yr, 0,690±0,170 mSv/yr ir l,270±0087 mSv/yr. Rezultatai paneige prielaida apie galima aplinkos jonizuojančiosios spinduliuotes homogenizacija. Šiems skirtumams itakos gali tureti nevienodi pramonines veiklos mastai bei vietiniai geologiniai ypatumai. Taip pat darbe skiriama demesio jonizacijos reikšmingumui sveikatai. Резюме Распределение ионизирующего излучения в штате Риверс региона дельты Нила в Нигерии анализируется на основании предпосылки о том, что расширение деятельности по добыче нефти и газа в масштабе штата может оказать влияние на гомогенизацию ионизирующего излучения в окружающей среде. Для исследований были подобраны три наиболее характерных места окружающей среды: территория университета, находящаяся на высоком месте штата, сельские территории вблизи реки и промышленная среда. Полученные результаты показали следующие эквиваленты средних доз в выбранных местах: 0,745±0,085 mSv/yr, 0,690±0,170 mSv/yr и 1,270± 0,087 mSv/yr и опровергли предпосылку о возможной гомогенизации ионизирующего излучения в окружающей среде. Разница в результатах может быть объяснена разными масштабами промышленной деятельности и местными геологическими особенностями. Также обращено внимание на значение ионизации для здоровья людей.

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Wohl, Ellen. "A legacy of absence." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 38, no. 5 (October 2014): 637–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133314548091.

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The historical removal of accumulations of wood on medium to large rivers in the continental United States caused a fundamental change in river corridors that has received relatively little attention in the scientific literature. Although scientific literature discusses the natural wood rafts present on the Red and the Atchafalaya Rivers in the southeastern United States, there is little awareness that similar extensive masses of wood are documented in the historical record from forested river catchments as diverse and widespread as those in the northeast, southeast, Texas Gulf Coast, Pacific Northwest, and upper Great Lakes regions of the country. While present, these natural wood rafts decreased channel conveyance, increased channel-floodplain connectivity, and facilitated anastomosing channels and floodplain lakes. Removal of natural wood rafts began in the 17th century in the eastern United States and proceeded westward with the movement of European settlers, accelerating during the 19th-century era of steamboats and floating of cut timber. Removal of the natural wood rafts likely forced many rivers from a multi thread planform with high channel-floodplain connectivity into an alternative stable state of single-thread channels with substantially reduced overbank flow, sedimentation, and avulsions. There is now widespread recognition among the geomorphic community of how upland clearance increased sediment yields and floodplain aggradation. I propose that widespread removal of instream wood for steamboat routes, timber rafts, and flood control was equally significant in decreasing floodplain sedimentation and river complexity, and in causing a fundamental, extensive, and intensive change in forested river corridors throughout the United States.

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Lukaitė, Salomėja. "Epigenetic Relief Transformation in the West Curonian Upland and West Žemaičiai Plateau." Geografija ir edukacija mokslo almanachas / Geography and Education Science Almanac 4 (October 11, 2016): 7–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/ge.2016.1.

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The study was conducted in Highlands of Western Curland and Western Žemaičiai plateau, Skuodo district – Ylakių, Aleksandrijos, Šačių ir Skuodo parich, where it was tested Apšės, Kalties, Sarties, Spigino, Gypelkio, Luobos, Šatos ir Pragulbos rivers. Studied river valleys on flood plains, terraces and river beds at the bottom sediment samples were collected. In the laboratory they are dried, weighed and beams. Sifting have identified four groups: > 2, 2–1 1 to 0,5 and < 0,5 mm. In addition, sediment particles studied roundnees degree. Glacial melt waters have a direct impact on the surface of the formation relief. Thanks to them, creating a negative linear shape. Glacial melt waters forms necessary for the formation of two conditions: a sufficient amount of water flowing and significant surface slope. West Curland highland river sediments observed uneven distribution of the groups, which allowed the reconstruction process took place glacial melt water intensity. Apšė the upper basin have high fractions of sediment dispersion greater diversity than middle reaches of the basin. This indicates that the upper was intense glacial melt water erosive processes change. Meanwhile, the middle reaches of the long-term was glacial lake. Western Žemaičiu plateau river sediments even noticeable fraction distribution, which allowed the reconstruction process took place glacial melt waters intensity. Luoba basin upstream or downstream sediment fractions of the same dispersion. This indicates that the river carried evenly glacial melt water erosive processes. Meanwhile, the lower reaches of the basin are largely dominated by fine-grained and fine sand, which indicates that there was limnoglace lake, which has affected not only Luoba river basin lowland, but Apšė river basin lowland and middle reaches. West Curland upland furrow bottom sediment granulometry scatter in all workings are pretty even. Most sediment particles in the upper basin polished Apšė and its tributaries (Kaltis, Sartis, Vereta), while at least - Apšė down the river. There is significant correlation between the paleogeographic changes and sediment roundness degree. Western Žemaičiu plateau sediment granulometry spread is even. All workings found in the medium category roundness particles. This reflects the conditions paleogeographic uniformity.

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Stojko, T. G., V. A. Senkevich, and A. S. Kadomtseva. "New data on the distribution of pond snail Lymnaea (Stagnicola) saridalensis Mozley, 1934." Ruthenica, Russian Malacological Journal 28, no. 1 (March 2, 2018): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.35885/ruthenica.2018.28(1).4.

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New habitats of Lymnaea ( Stagnicola ) saridalensis Mozley, 1934 were discovered in the former riverbed reservoirs of the basins of the Khopyor and Sura rivers in the Volga Upland (Penza region). The parameters of the shell and the indices of the copula- tive apparatus (ICA), which is used for distinguishing species, were determined. Studied populations were characterized by a significant differences of ICA (0.183± 0.01 and 0.276 ± 0.012).

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Bayrak, Galyna. "The channels of river of Lviv: transformation during historical epoch and modern stage." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 50 (December 28, 2016): 3–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2016.50.8671.

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The changes in rivers during the 200-years-old history of the development of Lviv and their modern conditions became the object of our researches. It has been found that the transformation of superficial channels to the underground ones began in 1880, and the biggest changes took place in the 1920s and 1970s. Channels were transformed also into the meliorative and drain channels. As of 2016 there is only 18,3 km of Lviv channels left in the natural state in comparison to 82,9 km of general length. 42,1 km of channels were closed underground, and 22,5 km were transformed into meliorative channels. The length of new-created anthropogenic channels is 46,6 km. Natural channels flow through the dismembered hilly upland and are in the green belt lands of the city. In the case of their saving and cultivation, it is possible to create new recreational areas for inhabitants of the city nearby them. Key words: changes in river channels, natural channels, underground anthropogenic channels, superficial anthropogenic channels, meliorative channels, Lviv rivers.

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Werritty, Alan, and Katherine F. Leys. "The sensitivity of Scottish rivers and upland valley floors to recent environmental change." CATENA 42, no. 2-4 (January 2001): 251–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0341-8162(00)00140-5.

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Bubb, Damian H., Timothy J. Thom, and Martyn C. Lucas. "Movement and dispersal of the invasive signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus in upland rivers." Freshwater Biology 49, no. 3 (March 2004): 357–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2426.2003.01178.x.

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Soulsby, C., I. A. Malcolm, A. F. Youngson, D. Tetzlaff, C. N. Gibbins, and D. M. Hannah. "Groundwater–surface water interactions in upland Scottish rivers: hydrological, hydrochemical and ecological implications." Scottish Journal of Geology 41, no. 1 (April 2005): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sjg41010039.

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McClain, Michael E., and Rosa E. Cossío. "The use of riparian environments in the rural Peruvian Amazon." Environmental Conservation 30, no. 3 (September 2003): 242–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892903000237.

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Abstract:

River margins are valued for agriculture in the western Amazon because of their fertile soils and level surfaces. Riparian forests along river margins also provide valuable ecosystem services by protecting water quality and providing resources to aquatic organisms. Because inhabitants of the region rely on these aquatic resources, riparian deforestation may have unintended negative feedbacks on the health and well-being of rural communities. A survey of 79 households of mixed cultural background investigated how riparian environments were used, what mechanisms were in place for their conservation, and how local people valued them. Corn, beans and peanuts were cultivated preferentially in riparian areas, complementing the manioc and plantains grown on upland soils. People valued riparian areas for their ecosystem services and generally left a protective buffer of forest along rivers. Both the agricultural and ecological values of riparian areas may be preserved through proper management.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Upland rivers'

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