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Rope, Ranita, Musa Marengke, Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo, Lestari Rahayu Waluyati, Masyhuri, and Hani Perwitasari. "RESILIENCE OF FARMERS ON THE SUSTAINABILITY OF NATURAL FARMING SYSTEMS FOR UPLAND RICE IN MOROTAI ISLAND." Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 12, no. 2 (February 14, 2024): e2600. http://dx.doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v12i2.2600.
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Objective: Sustainable agricultural development necessitates that every region of the world discovers or develops farming practices and systems suited to the local environment. Additionally, initiators encourage the adoption and spread of more sustainable agriculture methods. This study aimed to determine: 1) the resilience of farmers concerning the principles of natural farming methods for upland rice to the level of economic sustainability, 2) the resilience of farmers concerning the principles of natural farming systems for upland rice to the level of socio-cultural sustainability, 3) the resilience of farmers concerning the principles of natural farming systems for upland rice to the level of environmental sustainability, 4) the willingness of farmers to retain the economic viability of the natural farming system of upland rice, 5) the willingness of farmers to retain the environmental viability of the natural farming system of upland rice, and 6) the willingness of farmers to preserve the socio-cultural sustainability of the natural farming system of upland rice. Method: This research was conducted on Morotai Island, North Maluku Province. The selection of this region was purposive, while the selection of farmers as sample respondents was determined by random sampling. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and LISREL 8.70. Results: According to the research findings, farmers' perceptions of natural farming systems are a determining factor in farmer resilience. This factor has a positive impact on the sustainability of socio-cultural and environmental aspects but does not affect the sustainability of the economic component. Meanwhile, the willingness to maintain natural farming systems is a resilience element for farmers that influences the sustainability of economic and socio-cultural dimensions but not the environmental component. This study concludes that farmer resilience to the principles of natural upland rice farming systems in the border region of Morotai Island has distinct characteristics and is an economically, socio-culturally, and environmentally sustainable agricultural system. Conclusion: This study concludes that the resilience of farmers to the principles of natural upland rice farming systems in the border region of Morotai Island has a distinctive character and is an economically, socioculturally, and environmentally sustainable agricultural system.
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Gairola, Ananya, Vipin Kumar, Sandesh Kumar, Sanjeev Kumar, Anjali Patel, and Satendra Singh. "Upland Rice: A Water-Efficient Rice Production System in India." Biotica Research Today 6, no. 1 (January 31, 2024): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54083/biorestoday/6.1.2024/46-50.
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The rainfed upland ecosystem, although often overlooked, plays a crucial role in sustaining India's impoverished population with its limited resources. This ecosystem spans across most states in the country, covering approximately 7 million hectares, with Eastern India having the highest coverage (>90%). In the typical upland ecosystem, rice is cultivated using direct seeding, employing minimal inputs such as fertilizers, insecticides, fungicides and herbicides. Upland rice farming is widely recognized for its crucial role in sustaining subsistence agriculture, catering to the nutritional needs of rainfed farming communities during the period of scarcity, particularly towards the end of September. Among all rice ecosystems, the upland environment stands out as the most diverse. Upland rice is cultivated through various methods, including permanent cultivation, block rotations, slash-and-burn (Jhum cultivation) and is established through broadcasting, seeding behind plough, or drilling seeds in small holes. It is grown both as a single crop and in combination with other cereals, oilseeds, or pulses. In specific regions like eastern Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, short-duration upland rice is grown under transplanted conditions. The harvest from upland rice not only serves as a crucial food source for impoverished farmers but also fulfills the feed requirements for cattle during times of scarcity. The majority of upland rice cultivation is concentrated in the Eastern Plateau and Hills Region, emphasizing subsistence farming. Addressing such challenges is crucial for maximizing the potential of upland rice cultivation and its role in sustaining rainfed agriculture in India.
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a, Kadon, and Daud D. "PRODUCTIVITY AND ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY OF UPLAND RICE FARMING IN THE PROVINCE OF MAGUINDANO." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 937–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12237.
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Abstract kadon, daud d. 2019.Productivity and ecological sustainability of upland rice farming in the province of maguindano.Doctoral dissertation. Graduate school, university of southern mindanao, kabacan, cotabato. 184 pp. Major adviser: palasig u. Ampang, ph.d. The research study was conducted to determine the productivity and ecological sustainability of upland rice farming system in the province of maguindanao. One hundred three (103) farmers from 26 barangays of the province constituted the respondents. Descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple regression statistical tools were utilized. The test of hypotheses was set at 5% level of significance. The results revealed that upland farmers were generally males, married and were at least in their early 40s and finished intermediate education a family size ranging from 4 to 6 members had an income within the bracket of php 62,000 to 111,999 engaged in farming for a period of 17 to 24 years and were tilling 1 to 2 hectares of land but were non-members of agriculture-related organizations/association and had no trainings attended. Credit accessibility was never accessed rolling land was devoted to upland rice production. Tenurial status and membership in organization were found best significant predictors of the productivity of upland rice farming while age, civil status and number of trainings attended were found best significant predictors of ecological sustainability of upland rice farming. The socio-economic environment such as the source of information was found as the best significant predictors of the productivity of upland rice farming in the province of maguindanao. On bio-physical environment, soil type and cultural measure were found to have a significant influence on the productivity of upland rice farming in the province of maguindanao while level of destruction of insects, pests, diseases, rodents, birds and wild animals, seed selection, cropping pattern, cultural measure, mechanical measure and management of rice stubbles after harvest were found to significantly influence on the ecological sustainability of upland rice farming in the province of maguindanao.
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Sodiq, Akhmad. "Pola Usaha Peternakan Kambing dan Kinerja Produktivitasnya di Wilayah Eks-Karesidenen Banyumas Jawa-Tengah." Jurnal Agripet 10, no. 2 (October 1, 2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v10i2.392.
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Goat farming pattern and their productivity in the area of eks-karesidenan banyumas, central javaABSTRACT. Goats play an important role in the livelihood of rural people in upland and lowland farming systems in the areas of Eks-Karesidenan Banyumas Central Java. The main focus of this study presented in this paper, consist of (i) documenting the regional goat farming pattern, and (ii) find out the level of goat productivity in their farming. Importance of this study related to the development strategic fof their goat farming. Study was conducted in the areas of Eks-Karesidenan Banyumas Central Java (consist of Banyumas, Purbalingga, Banjarnegara, and Cilacap regencies). Upland and lowland areas were selected by purposive sampling method. Qualitative and quantitative descriptive statistic was applied in this study. Most of goats are raised within traditional system, characterized by small-scale production. The production in upland and lowland areas focused on single purposes for producing kid goats from Peranakan Etawah (PE) and Jawa Randu (JR) breeds. PE goats focus on dual purposes for producing milk and meat are mostly found on upland. Flock size of PE and JR goats in upland and lowland ranges from 2 to 9 head (mean: 3.8 head) and from 1 to 6 head (mean: 2.7 head), respectively. Flock size of PE goat focus on dual purposes ranges from 8 to 75 head. PE and JR goats in upland and lowland were dominated by double litter, followed by single and triplets. The highest litter size (1.89 kids) was found in lowland, followed by single purpose of PE and JR goats in upland (1.78 kids), and dual purposes PE goats in upland areas (1.66 kids). Pre-weaning mortality was highest (9.5%) in lowland areas for single purpose of PE and JR goats. Does reproduction and productivity ranges from 1.76-5.24 kids/does/year and 12.92-87.42 kg/does/year, respectively. Doe productivity was lowest (12.92 kg/does/year) in single purpose of PE and JR at lowland due to low of their survival rate and weaning weight.
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Landicho, Leila D., Rowena Esperanza D. Cabahug, Romnick S. Baliton, and Alberto B. Gonzales. "Rainwater harvesting for enhancing upland agriculture: Lessons and experiences in selected upland farming communities in Albay Province, Philippines." APN Science Bulletin 2022, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30852/sb.2022.1757.
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The upland farming communities in the Philippines are among the vulnerable sectors to climate change impacts. Their agricultural production is generally rainfed, and their farms are in marginal upland areas with steep slopes prone to soil erosion. Water scarcity is a common and perennial problem. To address the need expressed by the smallholder farmers, 11 rainwater harvesting facilities (RWHFs) were established in three upland farming communities in Albay Province, Philippines. The project team facilitated the establishment of RWHFs from two state universities, three local government units, and farming communities. Capacity development and participatory project planning and implementation were the important project approaches. This project generated several lessons. These include the essence of multisectoral collaboration, comprised of local government units, farming communities, and state colleges and universities; the value of collective action of farmers; effectiveness of cross-farm visits and on-site training; tapping locals for project monitoring; integration of sustainable land use management system to sustain RWHFs; and, the importance of resource sharing in carrying out project activities. The project experiences and lessons could be used as a reference by other development programs in replicating this initiative in other upland farming communities in the country.
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Behera, Rabi Narayan, Sasmita Rout, and Sankar Paul. "Commercialization of Home Gardens in Upland Farming Systems: Evidences from Cash Crop Regimes of Rural Meghalaya, Northeast India." Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 6, no. 1 (April 3, 2023): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.060106.
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In developing countries, home garden is essential part of rural ecosystem and cater multiple functions including household food security. However, home gardens are getting commercialized in the developing world including the uplands of northeast India. Hence, we look at the impacts of commercialization on home gardens of different farming systems of Meghalaya. In this exploratory assessment, authors have employed qualitative methods including in-depth interviews to collect primary information from seven different farming systems that include two subsistence, three traditional, and two modern cash crop-based farming systems. The study has investigated the traditional practices of home gardening and its extent in different farming systems, crop and livestock diversities, levels of commercialization and the driving factors. It was found that crop diversification in the home garden is maximum in the jhum (shifting) farming system followed by tea-strawberry farming system. Similarly, the highest number of commercial crops is grown under home gardens in broom farming system and it had also made inroad to jhum (shifting) farming system to some extent. It is also found that chicken and pig rearing is common to all farming systems with some variations. Cattle have been introduced in some villages, as a direct consequence of introduction of wet paddy in the narrow valleys and partly a response to gradual cultural diffusion from the nearby plains. Besides, housing pattern of some settlement or space between dwelling units determine the existence of home garden.
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N. RAVISANKAR, S.C. PRAMANIK, R.B. RAI, SHAKILA NAWAZ, TAPAN KR. BISWAS, and NABISAT BIB. "Study on integrated farming system in hilly upland areas of Bay Islands." Indian Journal of Agronomy 52, no. 1 (October 10, 2001): 45206. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v52i1.4879.
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lntegrated farming system, comprising the components like cropping, vegetables, floriculture, fishery, poultry, duckery and cattle (bullock, cow and calf) rearing was undertaken at Calicut village of South Andaman during 2004-06, to study the productivity, profitability, employment generation, energy flow and nutrient recycling for slopy upland areas of Bay Islands. Among the components evaluated, the highest net return was obtained from crop (81.09%), followed by livestock (14.3%), poultry (4.38%) and fish (0.38%). Employment generation was 346 mandayslhdyear under the integrated farming sytem. The net return obtained from all components was also higher under this system, with a benefit:cost ratio 3.30. To improve the productivity, economic returns and em- ployment generation for family labour, integration of all these components could be adopted instead of cultivat- ing the crop alone in the hilly upland situations of Andaman and Nicobar Group of Islands.
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Majumder, Nur Mohammad. "Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge of Manure Management in Tree Farming Practice: an Anthropological Investigation of Northeast Upland Khasi of Bangladesh." Indian Journal of Research in Anthropology 3, no. 2 (December 15, 2017): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijra.2454.9118.3217.4.
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Recent scholars and development workers have emphasized on Developing World farmers’ farming materials and ethno-ecological knowledge and its potential for practical use in the fields. The northeast upland Khasi of Bangladesh what kind and extent of knowledge and farming materials are being used to augment of soil-nutrient to grow the tree crop in uphill is not uncovered. The aim of the present study was to explore their manure concept, source of manure and management system with practice in tree crop farming how their farming knowledge was integrated with indigenous knowledge and modern scientific knowledge. In this study the data was obtained using qualitative approach through participant observation and in-depth interviews from the local participants of the study area. Later elicited data were analyzed and categorized to find out their system. The findings illustrated that the global changing trend and social, political, economic factors as well as individual initiative bounded Khasi to be influenced and perceived the modern farming phenomenon and assimilated diverse origin farming inputs and knowledge systems. To explore these issues and the impact of prevalent farming concepts, the study investigated these factors, which revealed the inherent consequence of Khasi farmers’ soil fertilizing knowledge with tree growth. The result of investigation signified that the Khasi soil-fertilizing procedures are integrated, and closer to the modern agroforestry system, which might be used locally, regionally and nationally as farming packages to other areas.
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Ge, Zhen Yang, Xu Ying Zheng, Yi Fei Min, and Wang Wang Wu. "Feasibility Analysis of Mechanized Upland Rice Cultivation in Mountainous Area." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 3128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.3128.
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Continuous seasonal drought in past 3 years greatly affects rice production of Yunnan, China. Because upland rice has stronger performance than paddy rice for mountain farming, to develop mechanized production of upland rice is more beneficial to ensure food security of mountainous area. In this study, we investigate and survey traditional upland rice cultivation of peasant household in mountainous rural area of Lancang county, and use Cobb-Douglas production function to analyze the relationship between mechanized and non-mechanized upland rice cultivation. The results show that mechanized upland rice cultivation not only can increase the yield, but also is superior to non-mechanized system in techno-economics. Rational utilizing farm machinery is feasible to upland rice cultivation and will promote the development of the rice production of Yunnan Province.
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Prasetyo, Prasetyo, and Muryanto Muryanto. "Sistem Usahatani Integrasi Tanaman Pangan dengan Kerbau Lumpur (Bubalus bubalus) di Kabupaten Brebes." Sains Peternakan 5, no. 2 (February 8, 2017): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sainspet.v5i2.4926.
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<div class="Section1"><p><em>The upland agro ecosystem wet climate and lowland agro ecosystem succulence on riverside that occur Brebes Regency potential for sector food plant and livestock development. The destination of survey for knows farming contribution buffalo into food plant farming system in upland and lowland agro ecosystem. The study application with survey method used questioner. The central livestock each village sample collected on district all over buffalo population. The based result debriefing to respondent know farming that application farmer largely is rice’s, corns, onions and buffalos. The Brebes Regency having wide rice’s land is 63.266 Ha. The feed capacities rice waste to livestock is 1.064.38,87 tons digested dry matter/livestock unit. The capacities corns waste to livestock is 78.386,01 tons digested dry matter/livestock unit and the capacities onions waste to livestock is 43.551,51 tons digested dry matter/livestock unit. The conclusion of study that buffalo breeding application as side effort (land plow, save, married child, house repaired) so that traditional bred management. The main farm is rice plants, corns and onion. The value of R/C ratio </em><em>output more than one, farmer application farming system still reasonable for effort. The farming on lowland agro ecosystem big contribution in onions farm is 75,78%. At upland agro ecosystem big contribution in buffalo farm is 57,78%.</em></p></div><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Key words: integrated, food plants, buffalo, agroecosystem</em></p>
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Oloyede, W. O., A. Muhammad-Lawal, K. B. Amolegbe, I. L. Olaghere, and I. A. Joseph. "Comparative analysis of the profitability of rice production systems in Kwara State, Nigeria." Agrosearch 20, no. 2 (October 11, 2021): 82–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/agrosh.v20i2.7.
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This study describes the socioeconomic characteristics of rice farmers, identifies the production system used by the farmers, compares the profitability of rice production systems, identifies the factors influencing the choice of production systems among the farmers as well as the constraints to rice production systems. A three-stage random sampling procedure was used to select 120 rice farmers on whom a set structured questionnaire was administered. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression model. Results show that 48.3%, 35% and 16.7% of the farmers cultivate rice using the upland, lowland and the combined production systems respectively. The findings also reveal variability in yield, profit and income across the rice production systems. The gross margins for lowland, upland and combined rice production systems were N65,735.73, N67,900.89 and N78,015.57 per hectare respectively. The factors that influenced the choice of upland production system relative to combined production system were age, household size, farming years and extension visits while the factors that influenced the choice for combined rice production system relative to lowland rice production system was income. Inadequate finance to purchase inputs, problem of pests and diseases, and unfavorable climatic conditions are the constraints faced by rice farmers in the upland, lowland and combined production systems. The combined production systems had the highest return per hectare. Therefore, the study recommends that farmers should be encouraged to choose the combined rice production system for optimum profitability of rice production.
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Oloyede, W. O., A. Muhammad-Lawal, K. B. Amolegbe, I. L. Olaghere, and I. A. Joseph. "Comparative analysis of the profitability of rice production systems in Kwara State, Nigeria." Agrosearch 20, no. 2 (October 11, 2021): 82–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/agrosh.v20i2.7.
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This study describes the socioeconomic characteristics of rice farmers, identifies the production system used by the farmers, compares the profitability of rice production systems, identifies the factors influencing the choice of production systems among the farmers as well as the constraints to rice production systems. A three-stage random sampling procedure was used to select 120 rice farmers on whom a set structured questionnaire was administered. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression model. Results show that 48.3%, 35% and 16.7% of the farmers cultivate rice using the upland, lowland and the combined production systems respectively. The findings also reveal variability in yield, profit and income across the rice production systems. The gross margins for lowland, upland and combined rice production systems were N65,735.73, N67,900.89 and N78,015.57 per hectare respectively. The factors that influenced the choice of upland production system relative to combined production system were age, household size, farming years and extension visits while the factors that influenced the choice for combined rice production system relative to lowland rice production system was income. Inadequate finance to purchase inputs, problem of pests and diseases, and unfavorable climatic conditions are the constraints faced by rice farmers in the upland, lowland and combined production systems. The combined production systems had the highest return per hectare. Therefore, the study recommends that farmers should be encouraged to choose the combined rice production system for optimum profitability of rice production.
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Danasari, Idiatul Fitri, Ni Made Wirastika Sari, and Rifani Nur Sindy Setiawan. "Farmers Respons to Garlic Development On Upland Program in East Lombok Regency." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 22, no. 4 (December 9, 2022): 1318–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v22i4.4420.
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East Lombok Regency is one of locations that designated as the location for garlic development in Indonesia. The potential for garlic development is supported by the availability of land scattered in a number of sub-districts in East Lombok Regency such as Sembalun District, Suela District, Wanasaba District, and several other buffer districts. Seeing this potential, through The Development of Integrated Farming System in Upland Areas (Upland)’s Program, the Government of East Lombok Regency focuses on developing garlic. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics and responses of garlic farmers to the Upland Program in East Lombok Regency. The research was conducted by quantitative descriptive method with survey and interview. The selection of respondents used a purposive sampling technique on farmers who received and implemented the Upland Program in 2021-2022. Method of data analysis using multiple linear regression test. The results showed that the response of farmers was very high in garlic development activities in the Upland Program in East Lombok Regency. There are several variables that have a positive and significant effect on farmer responses, namely income (X3), land area (X4), and farming experience (X5). Meanwhile, age and education variables have no significant effect on farmers' responses.
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Giri, Gopal, Dainik B. Nepali, and Bhola S. Shrestha. "Assessment of unterraced and terraced farming system on livestock development in mid-hills of Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 15 (June 1, 2014): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v15i0.19830.
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The unterraced farming (Pata) system which is being practiced in few districts of mid hills of Nepal was assessed in terms of livestock holding and livestock feed availability against the terraced farming system. Field study and household survey was conducted in Arghakhanchi (representing unterraced/Pata) and Tanahun (representing terraced) farming system by selecting 90 households (HHs) from each districts randomly. The study showed that there was only 1.89 Livestock Unit (LU)/HH in Arghakhanchi as compared to 2.64 LU/HH in Tanahun (p<0.01). Dry matter (DM) output per hectare rainfed upland in Tanahun was 6.09 Metric Ton (MT) whereas it was only 3.82 MT in Arghakhanchi (p<0.01). The farming system of Arghakhanchi has created livestock feed shortage, consequently has compelled farmers to raise least number of animals. Hence unterraced farming system of Arghakhanchi needs correction for better livelihood of people as well as improvement in environmental condition.
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Zahra, Windi Al, Renita Sari, Rezha Wahyu Pratama, Mustaghfirin ., Rahmadan Khairul Huda, Imam Mujahidin Fahmid, Farakka Sari, Ivan Mangaratua Siburian, and Wahyudi . "A preliminary report of integrating sheep farming in combination with adopting biogas technology in organic rice farming systems in upland areas in Indonesia." Veterinary Integrative Sciences 22, no. 2 (October 19, 2024): 405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12982/vis.2024.029.
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This study aims to understand the preliminary results of integrating sheep farming in combination with adopting biogas technology in organic rice farming (ORF) systems in upland areas. The research was conducted in upland areas in Grabag Subdistrict Magelang Regency, Central Java Province (UPL1) and Kertasari Subdistrict, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java Province (UPL2), Indonesia. At each upland area, a demo plot with a 17 m3 digester has been established, and 120 sheep were introduced. A combination of sheep and beef cattle manure was used as a biogas substrate. The soil sample of one and three-year conversion of ORF was collected, and macro and micro minerals were analyzed. The biogas quality was analyzed, including dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), carbon (C) and nitrogen-ammonia (N-NH3). The greenhouse (GHG) emissions, including methane (CH4), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrous oxide (N2O), were measured. The results indicated that C-organic content at three-year conversions of ORF in UPL1 was much lower (P<0.05) than the one-year conversion. The average CH4, CO2, and N2O contents in UPL1 were 661, 477.3, and 0.16 mg/m2/day, respectively. The average CH4, CO2, and N2O contents in UPL2 were 3328, 3038 and 2.42 mg/m2/day, respectively. In UPL1, the proportion of CH4 was 52.5 %, CO2 was 47.4 %, and N2O was 0.01 % while the proportion of CH4 was 57.9 %, CO2 was 42.0 %, and N2O was 0.01 % in UPL2. To conclude, integrating sheep farming in combination with adopting biogas technology in the ORF system improves manure management and provides organic fertilizer, which subsequently reduces the use of artificial fertilizer and avoids GHG emissions.v
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NIBBERING, J. W. "RATS AND DROUGHTS: STABILITY IN A CHANGING UPLAND FARMING SYSTEM IN JAVA." Asian Geographer 12, no. 1-2 (January 1993): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10225706.1993.9683982.
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Yap, Von Yi, Phaeng Xaphokhame, Andreas de Neergaard, and Thilde Bech Bruun. "Barriers to Agro-Ecological Intensification of Smallholder Upland Farming Systems in Lao PDR." Agronomy 9, no. 7 (July 13, 2019): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9070375.
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Intercropping of legumes can be a strategy to improve soil fertility and enhance overall productivity while reducing dependency on external inputs in intensified cropping systems. Integration of legumes in maize-based cropping systems is promoted as an agro-ecological intensification option for input-constrained smallholders in uplands of Southeast Asia, but adoption rates in the region remain low. The overall aim of this study was to assess the suitability and trade-offs of integrating ricebean in maize-based smallholder cropping systems in upland areas of Northern Laos. We conducted a researcher-managed field trial to investigate the agronomic performance of ricebean/maize intercropping, and farmer-managed trials combined with surveys (N = 97), and focus group discussions in 10 villages to understand factors influencing farmers’ decision making concerning ricebean adoption. Drought, rat infestation and crop damage by grazing livestock were identified as important constraints to the production of ricebeans. Factors facilitating adoption included improvement of soil fertility, the potentially high selling price of ricebeans and the presence of extension agents, while barriers included labour shortage, concerns about competition with maize and lack of a market outlet for the ricebean produce. We conclude that the investigated maize/ricebean intercropping system is poorly suited to the current conditions in the study area, and call for farm-based studies focusing on developing locally adapted legume intercropping systems able to perform under variable rainfall conditions. Initiatives addressing challenges related to free grazing livestock and efforts to link legume producers in remote areas to emerging markets are also needed.
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Pan, Tao, Chi Zhang, Wenhui Kuang, Philippe De Maeyer, Alishir Kurban, Rafiq Hamdi, and Guoming Du. "Time Tracking of Different Cropping Patterns Using Landsat Images under Different Agricultural Systems during 1990–2050 in Cold China." Remote Sensing 10, no. 12 (December 12, 2018): 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs10122011.
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Rapid cropland reclamation is underway in Cold China in response to increases in food demand, while the lack analyses of time series cropping pattern mappings limits our understanding of the acute transformation process of cropland structure and associated environmental effects. The Cold China contains different agricultural systems (state and private farming), and such systems could lead to different cropping patterns. So far, such changes have not been revealed yet. Based on the Landsat images, this study tracked cropping information in five-year increments (1990–1995, 1995–2000, 2000–2005, 2005–2010, and 2010–2015) and predicted future patterns for the period of 2020–2050 under different agricultural systems using developed method for determining cropland patterns. The following results were obtained: The available time series of Landsat images in Cold China met the requirements for long-term cropping pattern studies, and the developed method exhibited high accuracy (over 91%) and obtained precise spatial information. A new satellite evidence was observed that cropping patterns significantly differed between the two farm types, with paddy field in state farming expanding at a faster rate (from 2.66 to 68.56%) than those in private farming (from 10.12 to 34.98%). More than 70% of paddy expansion was attributed to the transformation of upland crop in each period at the pixel level, which led to a greater loss of upland crop in state farming than private farming (9505.66 km2 vs. 2840.29 km2) during 1990–2015. Rapid cropland reclamation is projected to stagnate in 2020, while paddy expansion will continue until 2040 primarily in private farming in Cold China. This study provides new evidence for different land use change pattern mechanisms between different agricultural systems, and the results have significant implications for understanding and guiding agricultural system development.
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Lee, Young-Han, Yeon-Kyu Sonn, Byung-Koo Ahn, Seong-Tae Lee, Min-A. Shin, Eun-Seok Kim, Won-Doo Song, and Youn-Sig Kwak. "Impacts of Organic Farming System on the Soil Microbial Population in Upland Soil." Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer 44, no. 5 (October 31, 2011): 819–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.7745/kjssf.2011.44.5.819.
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Chidiebere-Mark, Nneka, Donatus Ohajianya, Polycarp Obasi, and Steve Onyeagocha. "Profitability of rice production in different production systems in Ebonyi State, Nigeria." Open Agriculture 4, no. 1 (April 20, 2019): 237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2019-0022.
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AbstractProfitability of rice production in different production systems in Ebonyi State, Nigeria was evaluated. Rice is critical for food security in Nigeria, hence, farmers need to make appropriate choices of rice production systems to optimize production and ensure an adequate domestic supply. This study used 2015 survey data from rice farming households. Rice farmers in swamp, lowland and upland rice production systems showed variability in profit. Swamp production systems had the highest return per hectare (29.37%) followed by lowland production systems (20.10%) and upland production systems (13.03%). Poor access to production credit and climate change were constraints to rice production in the area. Rice production using the swamp production system is profitable and would ensure increased production and higher returns to the farmers. It is recommended that farmers should form cooperative groups to enable them to pool resources together to boost their production.
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Fujisaka, Sam. "Improving Productivity of an Upland Rice and Maize System: Farmer Cropping Choices or Researcher Cropping Pattern Trapezoids?" Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 3 (July 1991): 253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479700018974.
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SummaryCropping systems research to improve the productivity of an acid upland rice and maize-based farming system is described and evaluations by co-operating farmers are presented. Farmers rejected introduced patterns. The cropping choices of non-cooperating farmers are described in terms of cost–benefits and the reasons underlying their decisions. An approach that combines an understanding of farmers' systems in order to conduct focused research on the weak points of such systems, together with an evaluation of farmer technology and adaptation, may be more effective than researcher-designed, farmer-implemented cropping pattern trials.
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Prokop, P., and G. J. Poręba. "SOIL EROSION ASSOCIATED WITH AN UPLAND FARMING SYSTEM UNDER POPULATION PRESSURE IN NORTHEAST INDIA." Land Degradation & Development 23, no. 4 (March 23, 2012): 310–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2147.
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Corpuz, Jaysi Tanguilan. "Shifting Paradigms in Coffee-Based Cultivation: Cultural Management Practices and Technology Utilization in Upland, Cavite, Philippines." International Journal of Professional Business Review 8, no. 6 (June 5, 2023): e01793. http://dx.doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i6.1793.
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Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyze the changes in the cultural management practices and technology used in farming that have taken place with the coffee-based farming systems in an upland area in Cavite, Philippines from 2001-2020. Theoretical framework: The Triple Bottom Line (TBL) paradigm is a sustainable development strategy considering social, environmental, and economic factors. Once agricultural systems are tested, TBL might help promote productive and sustainable farming practices that benefit producers, communities, and the environment. By adopting a complete sustainability strategy, the TBL framework may help develop socially, ecologically, and economically sustainable agricultural systems and contribute significantly to long-term adaptation and prosperity. Design/methodology/approach: The study is qualitative research design and used several data collection methods, including in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, focus group discussion, document analysis, field notes, and farm visits and observations. Findings: The results show that in farmers' different cultural management practices, significant changes have occurred in several methods over the past two decades. Regarding the application and use of new technologies, farmers applied newly introduced technologies by individuals and other institutions. Research, Practical & Social implications: The study sheds light on the current state of coffee-based cultivation and practices and make recommendations to further improve farmers' cultural management practices and sustain the local coffee-based farming system. In addition, access to new and relevant technology and knowledge on how to apply it to improve farming productivity among coffee-based farmers This study also provides valuable guidance for extension experts and workers, policymakers, coffee-based growers, and researchers who want to improve coffee-based farming systems' sustainability and economic viability at the same time empower farming communities. Originality/value: This study is a qualitative examination of how technology utilizations and cultural management practices interact with coffee-based agricultural systems in Upland Cavite, Philippines. This research provides much-needed in-depth knowledge of how traditional agricultural systems adjust to technology improvements during the global crisis since there have been few qualitative studies on this topic, particularly at such a trying time. It provides a localized perspective that acknowledges regional variations and the influences of geographical and socio-cultural nuances as it examines the socio-economic and cultural impacts of technology adoption in the specific sector of coffee-based farming, which is vital to the Philippine economy. Moreover, the study is noteworthy in providing a temporal component that describes how technology has changed practices through time. The findings of this research, which were obtained during an unprecedented period, should help stakeholders create more effective and culturally-sensitive strategies for adopting technology and sustainability in coffee-based cultivation. Combining these distinctive elements highlights the research's significant uniqueness and worth.
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Shrestha, Ram K. "Soil Fertility under Improved and Conventional Management Practices in Sanga, Kavrepalanchowk District, Nepal." Nepal Agriculture Research Journal 9 (November 30, 2014): 27–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v9i0.11639.
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A study was carried out to compare the fertility of soils under improved soil management practice with that of prevailing conventional practice and to assess the farmers’ perception on the improved practice in the upland farming system. The study was carried out in Nasikasthan Sanga of Kavrepalanchok district of Nepal. Soil samples were collected from fields under improved conventional practice. Samples were taken at 0-15 and 15-30 cm depths and were analyzed for various physico-chemical properties to compare the fertility status of the soils under both the practices. Altogether 68 farmers were interviewed to have information on farming practices and information pertinent to improved soil management practice being adopted by them. Results from soil physico-chemical analysis showed higher fertility of soils under improved practice in terms of more favorable pH level, contents of exchangeable bases, available phosphorus and soil organic matter compared to prevailing conventional soil management practice. Moreover, majority of the farmers believed that soil fertility and physical condition of their upland soils had improved and that the productivity of major upland crops had also increased after the adoption of improved soil management practice. Improved practice could play an important role in the sustainable management of upland soils in the mid hills of Nepal. It is however, desirable to conduct long-term research to further ascertain the effect of the practice on soil fertility of different soil types and land uses.Nepal Agric. Res. J. Vol. 9, 2009, pp. 27-39DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/narj.v9i0.11639
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Yokoyama, Shigeki, Canh Dung Le, Hideto Fuji, Yoichi Fujihara, and Keisuke Hoshikawa. "Economic Feasibility of Diversified Farming System in the Flood-Prone Mekong Delta: Simulation for Dike Area in An Giang Province, Vietnam." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development 15, no. 2 (December 15, 2018): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37801/ajad2018.15.2.2.
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A simulation of crop choice was performed to examine the feasibility of introducing diversified farming systems, coexisting with seasonal floods, as an alternative to triple rice cropping system in the flood-prone Mekong Delta in Vietnam. A combination of 1.78 to 1.88 ha of double rice cropping and 0.12 to 0.22 ha of upland cropping can achieve an equivalent income or profit from 2 ha of triple rice cropping. Farmers evaluated the full-dike system positively in terms of both economic aspects and living conditions. Some farmers recognized that full flood control might have worsened the natural environment and reduced soil fertility resulting in declining rice yields. To establish a smart flood control system as an adaptation strategy against expected climate change, the following measures must be undertaken: (1) sensitize farmers to the increasing climatic risk in the near future and long-term adverse effects of intensive triple rice cropping; (2) offer alternative environmentally sound and economically profitable farming systems; and (3) develop institutional design for well-coordinated gate and pumping operations both at dike units and in canal network systems.
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Zapico, Florence, Josefina Dizon, Edwino Fernando, Teresita Borromeo, Kenneth McNally, and Jose Hernandez. "Upland Rice: Cultural Keystone Species in a Philippine Traditional Agroecosystem." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development 17, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 93–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.37801/ajad2020.17.2.6.
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This paper examines rice biocultural diversity in Sarangani province, southern Philippines through a socio-anthropological lens. Participatory rural appraisal highlighted the cultural importance of upland rice and the entire suite of farming rituals practiced by ethnic communities in the area. Further unveiled by the study were concomitant rice varietal losses, a highly eroded indigenous knowledge system, or IKS, as well as major driving forces that have significantly impacted biocultural diversity on-farm. Sociological analysis of Sarangani tribal community and resources identified upland rice as a potential cultural keystone species (CKS) whose loss can severely compromise cultural integrity and food security. However, halting biocultural erosion while ensuring human wellbeing can become complicated and constrain conservation initiatives. The CKS model, albeit potentially subjective and controversial, can provide valuable insights for the development of sustainable conservation strategies specifically suited to the Sarangani upland situation. Strengthening of awareness among stakeholders about the link between traditional culture, conservation, and food security is necessary if significant results are to be achieved.
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Skrajna, Teresa. "The effect of farming method on the dynamics of communities from the alliance Radiolion linoidis (Rias Goday 1961) Pietach 1965 in Kałuszyn Upland agrocenoses." Acta Agrobotanica 67, no. 1 (2014): 85–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/aa.2014.002.
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<p>The work presents the results of studies carried out from 1994 to 2010 on changes in phytocenoses with <em>Radiolion linoidis</em> species due to increased intensification of the farming process. The research material consisted of 136 phytosociological relevés taken from the same sites located in cereals, tuber crops/maize and stubble fields. The relevés were grouped based on three periods reflecting changes in farming system: period I (1994–1997) – traditional farming system; period II (2002–2004) – shift from traditional to intensive farming; period III (2008–2010) – intensive farming system. Communities with <em>Radiolion linoidis</em> continued to disappear over the whole study period due to farming intensification. The phytocenoses <em>Spergulario-Illecebretum verticillati </em>found in stubble fields and communities with <em>Illecebrum verticillatum</em> observed in cereals and tuber crops in period I were replaced with patches of <em>Echinochloo-Setarietum</em> in maize and stubble fields as well as the association <em>Vicietum tetraspermae</em> in cereals in period III. The values of Sørensen’s index of community similarity and of the dynamics index emphasize how advanced the process of changes in and impoverishment of communities was.</p>
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Shrestha, Ashok Kumar, Binod Dawadi, Sabitri Shrestha, Kishor Kumar Maharjan, and Rabin Malla. "Soil fertility status of agricultural land in mid-hill of Gorkha District, Nepal." Nepal Journal of Environmental Science 6 (December 31, 2018): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njes.v6i0.30121.
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Soil fertility management in agricultural land is challenging in hilly areas of Nepal. The study assesses the soil fertility status of Bari (upland) and Khet (lowland) agriculture land in Mid-hill of Gorkha district. Altogether 30 samples were collected from soil surface (0 to 20 cm) by using hand shovel in January, 2017. The soil fertility parameters like pH, organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (P) and available potassium (K) were analyzed using standard methods in the laboratory of Central Department of Environmental Science, Tribhuvan University. Results revealed that an average pH in upland (6.62) was higher than the lowland (5.94). Similarly, OM (3.95%) and K (36.49 kgha-1) were relatively high in upland. In addition, pH, OM and available K were significantly varied at p<0.05 in upland and lowland soils, however, there is no significant difference in TN and available P. In addition, soil nutrient index showed that status of available K in both types of land is low, while OM and TN are medium soil quality in upland and lowland soil. The use of organic fertilizer and improved farming system can maintain and sustain soil fertility for crop growth and yield. Understanding distribution of soil nutrients in the study area might be useful for planners to make effective soil fertilizer management strategies.
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Fitriani, Fitriani, and Didik Kuswadi. "Driving factors of sustainable production in upland watersheds: systematic literature review." E3S Web of Conferences 306 (2021): 04015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202130604015.
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Sustainable production in upland watersheds is a formidable challenge for farmers. The trade-off laid between economic benefits (productivity) and sustainability. Farmers’ resilience in the upstream watershed needs to meet sustainable agricultural production. This paper was conducted to review the local driving factors which are supporting economic resilience and climate change mitigation to sustainable production in upland watersheds. Systematic Literature Review (SLR) design as preliminary exposure toward the key variables and driving question. The framework of a systematic literature review refers to the conservation and environmental management that is built with PRISMA protocol. SLR protocol starts from planning review, citation screening, data extraction, and analysis. The review addressed terms of current developments and plans for the participatory in sustainable watersheds management. This review article performed the basic steps of SLR and meta-analysis studies on environmental science and agricultural and biological science fields. The SLR protocol starts from planning review, citation screening, data extraction, review progress, the analysis result. The keywords addressed to current study in sustainable production in upland watersheds. This review has highlighted that agroforestry as a primary driving factor in directing the sustainable production in upland. Agroforestry within coffee farming could set as sustainable production system in upstream watersheds.
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Wulandari, Linda, and Kuswarini Kusno. "KERAGAAN USAHATANI PADI GOGO PADA PROGRAM PENGELOLAAN HUTAN BERSAMA MASYARAKAT DI KESATUAN PENGELOLAAN HUTAN INDRAMAYU." JSEP (Journal of Social and Agricultural Economics) 9, no. 3 (November 15, 2017): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/jsep.v9i3.5815.
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PHBM is a system of forest resource management conducted jointly with PerumPerhutani and people from villages forest. One of the village that implement the program is Jatimunggul village. In the implementation, the program facing some trouble because the rural community was not agree with management takeover by Perhutani. As the result the farmers is protesting about forest land which considered belongs to them. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of upland rice that held by farmers from Perhutani Forrest area at Jatimunggul Village. Qualitative research design is supported by quantitative data with case study research techniques. The results show that the cultivation of upland rice in PHBM Program still using traditional tools. There are some processes upland rice farming that involving another party such as: procurement of capital which is 20% come from self-capital and 80% from capital loan the middleman, site planning process and commodity that involving Perhutani, and marketing of the upland rice products that involving the middleman. The average income of the upland rice farmer per hectare each years is Rp. 23.800.333, meanwhile the income is Rp. 9.402.985 with average of production is 3.543 kg/ha. The average of total cost that the farmer spend is Rp. 15.112.352 consisting of variable cost value of Rp. 14.480.450 and fixed cost Rp. 631.902. when compared with the secondary revenue data of upland rice at Sukasari Villages at 2014 then the revenue from upland rice at Jatimunggul Village is higher Rp. 10.710.333 or differ by 45% compared with revenue from Sukasari Villages. PHBM Program not only give economics benefit, but also benefit at socials such as for employment, but the benefit for the environment not fully completed yet.
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OKAZAKI, Koichiro, Seiichi NAKA, Kazuto SHIGETA, and Hideto YAMAKAWA. "Development of energy saved working system on upland farming. I. evaluation on mechanized working technique with balanced load system." Japanese Journal of Farm Work Research 24, no. 2 (1989): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4035/jsfwr.24.134.
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Kiryushin, V. I. "Prospects for the development of adaptive landscape farming systems in Russia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1043, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1043/1/012010.
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Abstract The achievements of adaptive landscape agriculture systems (ALAS) were considered as an expression of a new, biospheric paradigm of nature management. ALAS are confined to various agroecological land groups (upland, erosive, hydromorphic, saline, etc.). Within the groups, there are land types for which agricultural technologies of various intensification levels are being developed. The ALAS design tools include a register of land types, a register of crop varieties, and a register of agrotechnologies. The development of ALAS projects for agricultural enterprises is carried out in AgroGIS based on soil and landscape mapping materials based on agroecological typology and landscape-ecological classification of lands. ALAS are formed based on the results of multifactorial field experiments that establish systemic links between agriculture elements and landscape-ecological conditions. The ALAS development is associated with the deepening of landscape differentiation and further with the design of agricultural landscapes (cultivated lands, livestock, water, forestry, residential ones) in the territory ecological framework system. The methodology and tools of their design based on the transformation of ecological functions of the landscape into socio-economic ones are proposed.
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Siagian, Viktor, Wawan Eka Putra, Zamroni Salim, and Ragimun. "Optimization model of maize production in various land use in Banten province." E3S Web of Conferences 444 (2023): 02036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202344402036.
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The area of the maize harvest in Banten Province in 2020 was 16,676 ha with a production of 111,903 tons with productivity of 6,71 tons/ha. The objectives of this study are 1) To analyze the existing maize farm in Banten Province, and 2) To analyze the optimization of maize production in Banten Province. The study method used survey methods, with purposive sampling at the farmer level. Methods of data analysis using qualitative and quantitative analysis. The qualitative analysis used descriptive tabulation. Quantitative analysis using Geographic Information System (GIS), B/C ratio analysis and Linear Programming. The results of this study were: 1) The productivity of maize is 5,112 tons/ha, with the plant pattern being paddy - maize – fallow in rice field rainfed. The value of the B/C ratio5.6 it is mean that maize farming is profitable. 2) The optimum value of maize production in Banten Province is 1,533,600 tons of a dry shell, which is obtained from the average productivity of maize in upland areas of 5,112 kg/ha and the optimal planting area of 300,000 ha of upland land. Suggestions for maximizing maize production done by optimizing upland land.
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Riyanto, Damasus, Reki Hendrata, and Arif Anshori. "PENERAPAN SISTEM TUMPANG SARI PADI GOGO–KEDELAI DI LAHAN SAWAH TADAH HUJAN GUNUNGKIDUL TERHADAP PERUBAHAN SIFAT TANAH, HASIL DAN ANALISIS USAHA TANI." Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian 28, no. 1 (December 17, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.55259/jiip.v28i1.660.
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The agricultural intensification program in increasing food security can be carried out by intercropping upland rice-soybeans. The intercropping application of upland rice-soybean with superior varieties is expected to fulfill food needs at regional and national levels, anticipate climate change and maximize land use. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of applying intercropping upland rice-soybean on soil properties, plant growth and productivity as well as analysis of its farming system. The research was conducted in Girimulyo Village, Panggang District, Gunungkidul on November 2019–March 2020 in rainfed rice fields. Experimental design using Randomized Complete Block with 3 replications. Upland rice and soybean seeds were planted as direct planting, namely 4 rows of upland rice and 4 rows of soybeans using a tight cropping system. The spacing of rice is 20 cm x 15 cm x 100 cm and soybean is 30 cm x 15 cm x 100 cm. The rice varieties planted were Inpago 9 and Inpari 19, while for soybean were Dena 1 and Grobogan. Each treatment combination on 4 cropping patterns were sprayed with 2 kinds of liquid organic fertilizer, namely: Fermentation of local microorganism Gliricidia sp leaves and fermentation of local microorganism banana hump by the dose application 200 ml/10 liters of water. The results showed that the cropping pattern of Inpari 19-Dena 1 soybean plus spraying of Gliricidia leaves fermentation as Liquid Organic Fertilizer showed the highest yields of 5.87 tons/ha MDG and 1.48 tons/ha soybeans, while the lowest yields on intercropping of Inpago 9 – Grobogan soybeans were 4.34 tons/ha of MDG and 1.16 tons/ha of soybeans. Farming system analysis for the 4 cropping patterns of Inpago 9-soybean Dena 1, Inpago 9-Grobogan, Inpari 19–Dena 1 and Inpari 19-Grobogan all showed that they were feasible to farming with B/C and R/C ratios ranging from the average value. respectively 1.27 and 2.28 and more profitable than the application of a monoculture system of rice or soybeans planting alone. Keywords: intercropping rice-soybean, land efficiency, productivity, farming sistem feasibility.Abstrak Program intensifikasi pertanian dalam meningkatkan ketahanan pangan dapat dilakukan dengan tumpang sari padi gogo-kedelai. Penerapan turinan padi gogo-kedelai dengan varietas unggul diharapkan dapat memenuhi kebutuhan pangan pada tingkat regional maupun nasional,mengantisipasi perubahan iklim serta memaksimalkan penggunaan lahan Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh penerapan turiman padi gogo-kedelai terhadap sifat-sifat tanah, pertumbuhan dan produktivitasnya serta analisis usaha taninya. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Girimulyo, Kecamatan Panggang, Gunungkidul pada bulan November 2019 – Maret 2020 di lahan sawah tadah hujan. Rancangan Percobaan menggunakan RAKL dengan 3 ulangan. Benih padi gogo dan kedelai ditanam dengan cara ditugal yaitu 4 baris padi gogo dan 4 baris kedelai menggunakan sistem tanam rapat. Jarak tanam padi 20 cm x 15 cm x 100 cm dan kedelai 30 cm x 15 cm x 100 cm. Varietas padi yang ditanam adalah Inpago 9 dan Inpari 19, sedangkan kedelai Dena 1 dan Grobogan. Masing-masing kombinasi perlakuan sebanyak 4 pola tanam disemprot dengan 2 macam Pupuk organik cair yaitu : fermentasi MOL daun gamal dan fermentasi MOL bonggol pisang dengan aplikasi 200 ml/10 liter air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola tanam Inpari 19- kedelai Dena 1 ditambah penyemprotan POC daun gamal menunjukkan hasil tertinggi yaitu 5,87 ton/ha GKG dan 1,48 ton/ha kedelai, sedang hasil terendah pada turiman Inpago 9 – kedelai Grobogan yaitu 4,34 ton/ha GKG dan 1,16 ton/ha kedelai. Perhitungan analisis usaha tani untuk ke-4 pola tanam Inpago 9-kedelai Dena 1, Inpago 9-Grobogan, Inpari 19–Dena 1 dan Inpari 19-Grobogan semuanya menunjukkan layak usaha taninya dengan nilai B/C dan R/C rasio berkisar pada nilai rata-rata masing-masing 1,27 dan 2,28 serta lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan penerapan sistem monokultur padi atau kedelai saja. Kata kunci: turiman padi-kedelai, efisiensi lahan, produktivitas, kelayakan usaha tani.
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Rohaeni, Eni Siti. "SISTEM USAHATANI TANAMAN DAN TERNAK SAPI DI LAHAN KERING KALIMANTAN SELATAN (STUDI KASUS DI DESA BANUA TENGAH DAN SUMBER MAKMUR, KECAMATAN TAKISUNG KABUPATEN TANAH LAUT)." SEPA: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis 11, no. 2 (September 4, 2017): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sepa.v11i2.14178.
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Farming is done in general farmers polyculture with the aim to increase revenues and avoid crop failure. Farming is carried out consisting of several commodities both crops and livestock. Generally farming is done is still not provide sufficient revenues Living Needs. This study aims to determine the system of crop and cattle farming in upland South Kalimantan, and to determine whether the income generated from farming to meet to the needs of decent living. This research is a case study in the village of Central Banua and Sumber Makmur, Takisung district, Tanah Laut regency. This study was conducted in 2012. Research was conducted by way of a survey approach Focus Group Discussion conducted with the involvement of several community leaders /key figures to describe the profile , potential and problems in the region or village level. The analysis used is analysis of revenue, contribution revenue, and contribution to the farm income Living Needs (KHL). The results showed that the dominant farming by farmers in the study site, namely rice, sweet corn and cattle. Mean scale paddy cultivation to 0.62 ha, 0.68 ha of sweet corn and cattle 5.15 Animal Unit. Farming is done generating the value of R/C is more than one viable means for cultivated. The revenue contribution of rice 24.52 %, 50.83 % sweet corn and cows 24.65 % . Contribution income from rice farming, sweet corn and beef cattle on Living Needs of 50.94 %.
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Guiriba, Glenton O. "DOCUMENTATION OF INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE ON PRODUCTION AND POST-HARVEST MANAGEMENT OF SWEET POTATO IN THE BICOL REGION, PHILIPPINES." Journal of Asian Rural Studies 3, no. 1 (January 28, 2019): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/jars.v3i1.1719.
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Sweet potato (locally known as kamote) is a major staple food of people in the Bicol Region who live in the upland areas. They have been growing this crop for so many years, providing some form of food security and income to their households. They have also developed sustainable farming system using indigenous knowledge which they have learned from their ancestors. With increasing attention being given to the sustainable farming system, there is a need to look into the indigenous knowledge and practices of the sweet potato farmers in the Bicol Region, Philippines had adopted through the years in the cultivation, production, and post-harvest management of sweet potato. Hence, his paper aimed to document the various indigenous production and post-harvest practices of the sweet potato farmers; evaluate the cultural, social, economic and environmental aspects/dimensions of these indigenous knowledge; discover the gender division of labor in the sweet potato cultivation, production and post-harvest management; and discover the science behind the indigenous knowledge. The study made used of varied social research methods such as sample survey, key-informants interview, focus group discussions and field observations. This study has proven that indigenous knowledge and practices to the sweet potato farmers cannot be underestimated in terms of enhancing the household and community food production and food security particularly in the upland rural areas of the Bicol Region. The indigenous knowledge of the people is very effective in meeting their food requirements, and effective in areas of land preparation, soil fertility enrichment, planting, pests management and weeding, harvesting and post-harvest management.
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Taridal, Siti Aida Adha, Nur Isiyana Wianti, Muhammad Arsyad, and Arifiana Shima Ekaputri. "A contrast among farmers’ ethnic groups: is this a social polarization tendency?" E3S Web of Conferences 52 (2018): 00044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185200044.
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The aim of the study was to capture the differences between Tolaki, Javanese, and Bugis ethnic in relation to their livelihoods in paddy upland farming activity. The study uses the post-positivism paradigm. In our research setting in Sulawesi drylands ecology, Tolaki local farmer, inhabit most areas of dry land, tend to be sub-subsistence and subsistence-oriented, their planting system is shifting cultivation, or the swidden farming, which was the legacy of their ancestors. Javanese tend to be subsistence and supra-subsistence oriented, while the Bugis farmer is expansive and supra-subsistence oriented. Another important message showed the symptoms of social polarization between the Tolaki and the Bugis as ethnic immigrants. The climax conditions will lead to social conflicts between Tolaki local farmer, Javanese, and Bugis migrants as a result of the emergence of social polarization.
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Duram, Leslie A., Jon Bathgate, and Christina Ray. "A Local Example of Land‐Use Change: Southern Illinois—1807, 1938, and 1993*." Professional Geographer 56, no. 1 (February 2004): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0033-0124.2004.05601017.x.
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This article provides an analysis of a wetland site in southern Illinois from presettlement to the present. The study area is part of the Cache River‐Cypress Creek Wetland, which has international importance, as recognized by the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. Land‐cover data for 1807, 1938, and 1993 were created and analyzed with a geographic information system (GIS). Land‐use change by topographic setting (uplands, transitional, and bottomlands) and soil productivity was quantified and studied. Interviews with local experts informed this analysis. Results illustrate the complexity of environmental change and its driving forces. First, notable forest and swamp acreage was converted to cropland between 1807 and 1938 and, to a lesser degree, from 1938 to 1993. Second, there were land‐use variations by topographic region. Between 1807 and 1938, the largest transformation occurred in the uplands, with substantial acreage converted from forest to cropland. Between 1938 and 1993, however, agriculture decreased in the upland areas as hilly areas reverted to forest cover. At the same time, agriculture expanded in the bottomlands as this land was drained for farming. Third, there are interesting patterns within these categories of land‐use change, as soil productivity is an indicator of what lands were taken out of cropland and converted back to grassland and forest.
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Dusserre, Julie, Patrice Autfray, Miora Rakotoarivelo, Tatiana Rakotoson, and Louis-Marie Raboin. "Effects of contrasted cropping systems on yield and N balance of upland rainfed rice in Madagascar: Inputs from the DSSAT model." Experimental Agriculture 56, no. 3 (March 2, 2020): 355–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479720000010.
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AbstractIn response to the extensive development of upland rice on the hillsides of the Malagasy highlands, alternative cropping systems have been designed based on conservation agriculture (CA). As the promotion of CA in smallholder farming systems is still the subject of debate, its potential benefits for smallholder farmers require further assessment. In the context of resource-poor farmers and low-input production systems, nitrogen (N) is a major limiting nutrient. The effects of contrasted cropping systems have been studied on upland rice yield and N uptake in rainfed conditions: conventional tillage (CT) and CA with a mulch of maize or a legume (Stylosanthes or velvet bean). Decision Support Systems for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) crop growth model was used to quantify the soil N balance according to the season and the cropping system. The lowest yields were obtained in CA with a mulch of maize and were also associated with the lowest crop N uptake. Upland rice yields were higher or equivalent under CA with a legume mulch than under CT cropping systems. The supply of N was considerably higher in CA with a legume mulch than in CT, but due to higher leaching and immobilization in CA, the final contribution of N from the mulch to the crop was reduced although not negligible. DSSAT has been shown to be sufficiently robust and flexible to simulate the soil N balance in contrasting cropping systems. The challenge is now to evaluate the model in less contrasted experimental conditions in order to validate its use for N uptake and yield prediction in support to the optimization and design of new cropping systems.
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Akongo, G. O., W. Gombya-Ssembajjwe, M. Buyinza, and J. J. Namaalwa. "Characterisation of Rice Production Systems in Northern Agro-Ecological Zone, Uganda." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 1 (December 13, 2017): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n1p272.
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Rice growing is an important source of food and income to the farming community in the northern agro-ecological zone (NAEZ) of Uganda. NAEZ comprised of 16 districts which form Acholi and Lango sub-regions and it is categorized by tropical dry climate with bimodal rainfall patterns. However, inspite of the importance of rice in the NAEZ, very little information exists that could support prioritization of development in the sector. This paper therefore, bridges information gap by analyzing characteristics of rice production system in the study area based on data obtained from a field survey conducted during 2016. The study used cross-sectional design to collect data which was analysed using the descriptive statistics of the STATA computer package. The results revealed marked difference in households’ characteristics, production output and input utilization, production practices and constraints between lowland and upland systems. The study has concluded that: climate variability, pest and diseases, lack of improved seed variety, labour related constraints and lack of specialization are potential causes of low rice production and productivity in the NAEZ. However, to improve production performance of the systems, the study recommends promotion of climate smart farming in rice and further research into system based effects of climate on productivity as well as farmers’ adaptation to climate variability.
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OKAZAKI, Koichiro, Seiichi NAKA, Kazuto SHIGETA, and Hideto YAMAKAWA. "Development of energy saved working system on upland farming. II. Load reducing of tillage, fertilizing and sowing operation." Japanese Journal of Farm Work Research 24, no. 2 (1989): 142–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4035/jsfwr.24.142.
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Kan, Zheng-Rong, Qihang Wei, Ruoyan Yang, Yanling Li, Jiajia Zhou, Jianying Qi, Feng-Min Li, and Haishui Yang. "Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mitigate earthworm-induced N2O emissions from upland soil in a rice-rotated wheat farming system." Applied Soil Ecology 189 (September 2023): 104981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2023.104981.
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Thomas, M., R. W. Fitzpatrick, and G. S. Heinson. "An expert system to predict intricate saline - sodic subsoil patterns in upland South Australia." Soil Research 47, no. 6 (2009): 602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr08244.
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Digital soil mapping (DSM) offers apparent benefits over more labour-intensive and costly traditional soil survey. Large cartographic scale (e.g. 1 : 10 000 scale) soil maps are rare in Australia, especially in agricultural areas where they are needed to support detailed land evaluation and targeted land management decisions. We describe a DSM expert system using environmental correlation that applies a priori knowledge from a key area (128 ha) soil–landscape with a regionally repeating toposequence to predict the distribution of saline–sodic subsoil patterns in the surrounding upland farming region (2275 ha) in South Australia. Our predictive framework comprises interrelated and iterative steps, including: (i) consolidating a priori knowledge of the key area soil–landscape; (ii) refining existing mentally held and graphic soil–landscape models; (iii) selecting suitable environmental covariates compatible with geographic information systems (GIS) by interrogation via 3D visualisation using a GIS; (iv) transforming the existing soil–landscape models to a computer model; (v) applying the computer model to the environmental variables using the expert system; (vi) performing the predictive mapping; and (vii) validation. The environmental covariates selected include: digital terrain attributes of slope gradient, topographic wetness index and plan curvature, and airborne gamma-radiometric K%. We apply selected soil profile physiochemical data from a prior soil survey to validate mapping. Results showed that we correctly predicted the saline–sodic subsoils in 10 of 11 reference profiles in the region.
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Pulhin, Juan. "Book Review | Voices from the Forests: Integrating Indigenous Knowledge into Sustainable Upland Farming edited by Malcolm Cairns." Asian Journal of Agriculture and Development 5, no. 2 (December 15, 2008): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.37801/ajad2008.5.2.6b.
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Voices from the Forest provides a robust defense against the largely undeserved bad reputation associated with shifting cultivation that has persisted for almost a century. Bringing together the best of science and farmer experimentation, the book illustrates the enormous diversity and dynamism of this highly resilient long-established agricultural system. It provides a striking testimony of human ingenuity, chronicling how an ancient agricultural technology remains adaptable until the present despite intense pressures from the burgeoning population, state interventions, and an increasingly globalized market economy.
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Rosyid, Nur. "EKOLOGI POLITIK DAN DINAMIKA SOSIO-EKONOMI DI DATARAN TINGGI KABUPATEN PEMALANG, JAWA TENGAH." Jurnal Kependudukan Indonesia 10, no. 2 (December 30, 2015): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jki.v10i2.72.
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This paper explain the role of state in ecological aspects in the forming of socio economis dynamics in upland Pemalang District, especially in migration dynamic, the expansion and constriction of labours, and their negotiation to the ecological changes. So far, many scholars set out the demographic problems by the issues of poverty, inequality resources, increase of population, labour surplus, and so on. This causal explanation was lack in question on what kind of possibilities force those problems happened. The research has been done in the upland of Watukumpul, Pemalang, Central Java, try to understand how the upland demographical dynamics situated by political-economic and ecological forces. This area is suitable because of vast spreading in changing of farming system: from rice and glagah cultivation to cash crop of Albasia through the reforestation programs and Green campaign. By using quantitative and qualitative method and political ecology aproaches. I assume that the ecological changes are forced and situated by political economic state interventions through policies and environmental condition which both farmer and state negotiation be possible. The result show, there was a changing to develop the new rural econonomic (new plantation) and migration pattern as a part of farmer strategies concerning to the econ omic opportunities and state intervention through reforestation programs. These choices imply to the changing of farmers daily rutinities and their household production.Keyword: Demography, Political Ecology, Economic and Environmental Change, Farmer Strategies, Migration Pattern
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Nokkoul, Raumjit, and Teerayut Wijitparp. "Effects of Rainfall on Yield and Seed Quality of Three Local Upland Rice Varieties Produced Under Organic Farming System." Research Journal of Environmental and Earth Sciences 5, no. 8 (August 20, 2013): 462–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.19026/rjees.5.5675.
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Nyssen, J., Getachew Simegn, and Nurhussen Taha. "An upland farming system under transformation: Proximate causes of land use change in Bela-Welleh catchment (Wag, Northern Ethiopian Highlands)." Soil and Tillage Research 103, no. 2 (May 2009): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.still.2008.05.020.
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Phouyyavong, Khamphou, Shinsuke Tomita, and Satoshi Yokoyama. "Impact of forage introduction on cattle grazing practices and crop–livestock systems: a case study in an upland village in northern Laos." Rangeland Journal 41, no. 4 (2019): 323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj18102.
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Lao smallholders are experiencing livestock grazing land constraints due to resettlement, increasing cattle numbers and commercial cash crop plantations. In this paper we describe changes in cattle grazing systems in an upland village in northern Laos, including the role of forage crops and their effects on cattle productivity. We interviewed 92 Hmong and Khmu households about their migration history, cattle grazing practices, cattle productivity and other livelihood activities. In addition, we measured the heart girths of 231 cattle. We found that the traditional free-range cattle grazing has diverged into three distinct systems incorporating fields fenced to different degrees. Although none of the three systems increased cattle body size, the forage pasture and swidden-farming system successfully increased the grazing capacity compared with other systems. Thus, this method appeared to be the most suitable for Hmong smallholders to manage crop and cattle production in the context of land constraints. Efforts should be made to examine how the newly implemented systems could attenuate villager livelihood and pre-emptively address the problems associated with degrading fallow land.
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Sudiono, Sudiono, S. H. Sutjahyo, P. Hidayat, and R. Kurniawan. "ANALISIS SISTEM DINAMIK USAHATANI TANAM SAYURAN BERKELANJUTAN BERBASIS PENGENDALIAN HAMA TERPADU DI KABUPATEN TANGGAMUS, PROVINSI LAMPUNG." EnviroScienteae 15, no. 2 (August 21, 2019): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/es.v15i2.6974.
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The purpose of this study was to develop a dynamic model of sustainable farming based on an integrated pest management system in upland vegetable crops in Tanggamus Regency, Lampung Province. Dynamic system analysis with powersim with the stages of model development, namely needs analysis, problem formulation, system identification, model simulation, and model testing. The results of the compilation of the dynamic model parameters, namely the current scenario (without intervention), in 2017 farmer households amounted to 104,929 households which increased in 2030 to 128,613 households farmers' income at the end of the simulation period to Rp 434,526,807 from a land area of 4,029 ha, scenario pessimistic in 2017 farmer households amounted to 100,753 households which experienced an increase in 2030 to 116,252 households with income in this scenario to Rp 470,170,405 from a land area of 4,243 ha, and an optimistic scenario for 2017 farmers' households amounting to 100,111 households that had increased in the year 2030 became 107,892 households with total farmer's income of Rp 508,916,172 on an area of 4,464 ha.
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B. Panigrahi. "Effect of Moisture Conservation Measures on Runoff, Soil Loss and Yield of Upland Rice." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 44, no. 3 (September 30, 2007): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2007443.1284.
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Field experiments were conducted during 2002 and 2003 in light textured eroded sloping land to study the effect of moisture conservation measures on runoff, soil loss and yield of upland rainfed rice in Balijorenala watershed, Orissa. Total six treatments Le. (i) T1, - fallow without any crop and conservation measures (control), (ii) T2 crops grown without any conservation measures, (iii) T3 - vetiver grass planted in paired rows, (iv) T4, miniature bund with vetiver grass, (v) Tj - miniature bund with natural grass and (vi) T6 - V-ditch with vetiver grass were taken for the study. The treatment T6 was found to be superior to other treatments since it produced lowest average seasonal runoff and soil loss of 18.2% and 1.71 t/ha, respectively. On the other hand, the treatment T, was observed to generate highest amount of average seasonal runoff and soil loss with values of 28.0% and 6.13t/ha, respectively. The yield of rice was found to be maximum with treatment T6 with a mean value of 19.1 q/ha whereas that for treatment T2' it was the lowest (13.1 q/ha). Thus, there was 45.8% increase in rice yield due to the maximum utilization of stored soil moisture in treatment T6 compared to treatment T2 • Considering the effectiveness in reducing runoff, soil loss and enhancing the crop yield, treatment T6 is recommended as the best in-situ moisture conservation measures for rainfed upland farming system in sloppy land of Orissa.