Relevant bibliographies by topics / Upland farming system

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Academic literature on the topic 'Upland farming system'

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Published: 18 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Upland farming system"

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Rope, Ranita, Musa Marengke, Jangkung Handoyo Mulyo, Lestari Rahayu Waluyati, Masyhuri, and Hani Perwitasari. "RESILIENCE OF FARMERS ON THE SUSTAINABILITY OF NATURAL FARMING SYSTEMS FOR UPLAND RICE IN MOROTAI ISLAND." Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 12, no. 2 (February 14, 2024): e2600. http://dx.doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v12i2.2600.

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Objective: Sustainable agricultural development necessitates that every region of the world discovers or develops farming practices and systems suited to the local environment. Additionally, initiators encourage the adoption and spread of more sustainable agriculture methods. This study aimed to determine: 1) the resilience of farmers concerning the principles of natural farming methods for upland rice to the level of economic sustainability, 2) the resilience of farmers concerning the principles of natural farming systems for upland rice to the level of socio-cultural sustainability, 3) the resilience of farmers concerning the principles of natural farming systems for upland rice to the level of environmental sustainability, 4) the willingness of farmers to retain the economic viability of the natural farming system of upland rice, 5) the willingness of farmers to retain the environmental viability of the natural farming system of upland rice, and 6) the willingness of farmers to preserve the socio-cultural sustainability of the natural farming system of upland rice. Method: This research was conducted on Morotai Island, North Maluku Province. The selection of this region was purposive, while the selection of farmers as sample respondents was determined by random sampling. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and LISREL 8.70. Results: According to the research findings, farmers' perceptions of natural farming systems are a determining factor in farmer resilience. This factor has a positive impact on the sustainability of socio-cultural and environmental aspects but does not affect the sustainability of the economic component. Meanwhile, the willingness to maintain natural farming systems is a resilience element for farmers that influences the sustainability of economic and socio-cultural dimensions but not the environmental component. This study concludes that farmer resilience to the principles of natural upland rice farming systems in the border region of Morotai Island has distinct characteristics and is an economically, socio-culturally, and environmentally sustainable agricultural system. Conclusion: This study concludes that the resilience of farmers to the principles of natural upland rice farming systems in the border region of Morotai Island has a distinctive character and is an economically, socioculturally, and environmentally sustainable agricultural system.
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Gairola, Ananya, Vipin Kumar, Sandesh Kumar, Sanjeev Kumar, Anjali Patel, and Satendra Singh. "Upland Rice: A Water-Efficient Rice Production System in India." Biotica Research Today 6, no. 1 (January 31, 2024): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.54083/biorestoday/6.1.2024/46-50.

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The rainfed upland ecosystem, although often overlooked, plays a crucial role in sustaining India's impoverished population with its limited resources. This ecosystem spans across most states in the country, covering approximately 7 million hectares, with Eastern India having the highest coverage (>90%). In the typical upland ecosystem, rice is cultivated using direct seeding, employing minimal inputs such as fertilizers, insecticides, fungicides and herbicides. Upland rice farming is widely recognized for its crucial role in sustaining subsistence agriculture, catering to the nutritional needs of rainfed farming communities during the period of scarcity, particularly towards the end of September. Among all rice ecosystems, the upland environment stands out as the most diverse. Upland rice is cultivated through various methods, including permanent cultivation, block rotations, slash-and-burn (Jhum cultivation) and is established through broadcasting, seeding behind plough, or drilling seeds in small holes. It is grown both as a single crop and in combination with other cereals, oilseeds, or pulses. In specific regions like eastern Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, short-duration upland rice is grown under transplanted conditions. The harvest from upland rice not only serves as a crucial food source for impoverished farmers but also fulfills the feed requirements for cattle during times of scarcity. The majority of upland rice cultivation is concentrated in the Eastern Plateau and Hills Region, emphasizing subsistence farming. Addressing such challenges is crucial for maximizing the potential of upland rice cultivation and its role in sustaining rainfed agriculture in India.
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a, Kadon, and Daud D. "PRODUCTIVITY AND ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY OF UPLAND RICE FARMING IN THE PROVINCE OF MAGUINDANO." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 937–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12237.

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Abstract kadon, daud d. 2019.Productivity and ecological sustainability of upland rice farming in the province of maguindano.Doctoral dissertation. Graduate school, university of southern mindanao, kabacan, cotabato. 184 pp. Major adviser: palasig u. Ampang, ph.d. The research study was conducted to determine the productivity and ecological sustainability of upland rice farming system in the province of maguindanao. One hundred three (103) farmers from 26 barangays of the province constituted the respondents. Descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple regression statistical tools were utilized. The test of hypotheses was set at 5% level of significance. The results revealed that upland farmers were generally males, married and were at least in their early 40s and finished intermediate education a family size ranging from 4 to 6 members had an income within the bracket of php 62,000 to 111,999 engaged in farming for a period of 17 to 24 years and were tilling 1 to 2 hectares of land but were non-members of agriculture-related organizations/association and had no trainings attended. Credit accessibility was never accessed rolling land was devoted to upland rice production. Tenurial status and membership in organization were found best significant predictors of the productivity of upland rice farming while age, civil status and number of trainings attended were found best significant predictors of ecological sustainability of upland rice farming. The socio-economic environment such as the source of information was found as the best significant predictors of the productivity of upland rice farming in the province of maguindanao. On bio-physical environment, soil type and cultural measure were found to have a significant influence on the productivity of upland rice farming in the province of maguindanao while level of destruction of insects, pests, diseases, rodents, birds and wild animals, seed selection, cropping pattern, cultural measure, mechanical measure and management of rice stubbles after harvest were found to significantly influence on the ecological sustainability of upland rice farming in the province of maguindanao.
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Sodiq, Akhmad. "Pola Usaha Peternakan Kambing dan Kinerja Produktivitasnya di Wilayah Eks-Karesidenen Banyumas Jawa-Tengah." Jurnal Agripet 10, no. 2 (October 1, 2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17969/agripet.v10i2.392.

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Goat farming pattern and their productivity in the area of eks-karesidenan banyumas, central javaABSTRACT. Goats play an important role in the livelihood of rural people in upland and lowland farming systems in the areas of Eks-Karesidenan Banyumas Central Java. The main focus of this study presented in this paper, consist of (i) documenting the regional goat farming pattern, and (ii) find out the level of goat productivity in their farming. Importance of this study related to the development strategic fof their goat farming. Study was conducted in the areas of Eks-Karesidenan Banyumas Central Java (consist of Banyumas, Purbalingga, Banjarnegara, and Cilacap regencies). Upland and lowland areas were selected by purposive sampling method. Qualitative and quantitative descriptive statistic was applied in this study. Most of goats are raised within traditional system, characterized by small-scale production. The production in upland and lowland areas focused on single purposes for producing kid goats from Peranakan Etawah (PE) and Jawa Randu (JR) breeds. PE goats focus on dual purposes for producing milk and meat are mostly found on upland. Flock size of PE and JR goats in upland and lowland ranges from 2 to 9 head (mean: 3.8 head) and from 1 to 6 head (mean: 2.7 head), respectively. Flock size of PE goat focus on dual purposes ranges from 8 to 75 head. PE and JR goats in upland and lowland were dominated by double litter, followed by single and triplets. The highest litter size (1.89 kids) was found in lowland, followed by single purpose of PE and JR goats in upland (1.78 kids), and dual purposes PE goats in upland areas (1.66 kids). Pre-weaning mortality was highest (9.5%) in lowland areas for single purpose of PE and JR goats. Does reproduction and productivity ranges from 1.76-5.24 kids/does/year and 12.92-87.42 kg/does/year, respectively. Doe productivity was lowest (12.92 kg/does/year) in single purpose of PE and JR at lowland due to low of their survival rate and weaning weight.
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Landicho, Leila D., Rowena Esperanza D. Cabahug, Romnick S. Baliton, and Alberto B. Gonzales. "Rainwater harvesting for enhancing upland agriculture: Lessons and experiences in selected upland farming communities in Albay Province, Philippines." APN Science Bulletin 2022, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.30852/sb.2022.1757.

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The upland farming communities in the Philippines are among the vulnerable sectors to climate change impacts. Their agricultural production is generally rainfed, and their farms are in marginal upland areas with steep slopes prone to soil erosion. Water scarcity is a common and perennial problem. To address the need expressed by the smallholder farmers, 11 rainwater harvesting facilities (RWHFs) were established in three upland farming communities in Albay Province, Philippines. The project team facilitated the establishment of RWHFs from two state universities, three local government units, and farming communities. Capacity development and participatory project planning and implementation were the important project approaches. This project generated several lessons. These include the essence of multisectoral collaboration, comprised of local government units, farming communities, and state colleges and universities; the value of collective action of farmers; effectiveness of cross-farm visits and on-site training; tapping locals for project monitoring; integration of sustainable land use management system to sustain RWHFs; and, the importance of resource sharing in carrying out project activities. The project experiences and lessons could be used as a reference by other development programs in replicating this initiative in other upland farming communities in the country.
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Behera, Rabi Narayan, Sasmita Rout, and Sankar Paul. "Commercialization of Home Gardens in Upland Farming Systems: Evidences from Cash Crop Regimes of Rural Meghalaya, Northeast India." Grassroots Journal of Natural Resources 6, no. 1 (April 3, 2023): 119–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/nr2581.6853.060106.

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In developing countries, home garden is essential part of rural ecosystem and cater multiple functions including household food security. However, home gardens are getting commercialized in the developing world including the uplands of northeast India. Hence, we look at the impacts of commercialization on home gardens of different farming systems of Meghalaya. In this exploratory assessment, authors have employed qualitative methods including in-depth interviews to collect primary information from seven different farming systems that include two subsistence, three traditional, and two modern cash crop-based farming systems. The study has investigated the traditional practices of home gardening and its extent in different farming systems, crop and livestock diversities, levels of commercialization and the driving factors. It was found that crop diversification in the home garden is maximum in the jhum (shifting) farming system followed by tea-strawberry farming system. Similarly, the highest number of commercial crops is grown under home gardens in broom farming system and it had also made inroad to jhum (shifting) farming system to some extent. It is also found that chicken and pig rearing is common to all farming systems with some variations. Cattle have been introduced in some villages, as a direct consequence of introduction of wet paddy in the narrow valleys and partly a response to gradual cultural diffusion from the nearby plains. Besides, housing pattern of some settlement or space between dwelling units determine the existence of home garden.
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N. RAVISANKAR, S.C. PRAMANIK, R.B. RAI, SHAKILA NAWAZ, TAPAN KR. BISWAS, and NABISAT BIB. "Study on integrated farming system in hilly upland areas of Bay Islands." Indian Journal of Agronomy 52, no. 1 (October 10, 2001): 45206. http://dx.doi.org/10.59797/ija.v52i1.4879.

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lntegrated farming system, comprising the components like cropping, vegetables, floriculture, fishery, poultry, duckery and cattle (bullock, cow and calf) rearing was undertaken at Calicut village of South Andaman during 2004-06, to study the productivity, profitability, employment generation, energy flow and nutrient recycling for slopy upland areas of Bay Islands. Among the components evaluated, the highest net return was obtained from crop (81.09%), followed by livestock (14.3%), poultry (4.38%) and fish (0.38%). Employment generation was 346 mandayslhdyear under the integrated farming sytem. The net return obtained from all components was also higher under this system, with a benefit:cost ratio 3.30. To improve the productivity, economic returns and em- ployment generation for family labour, integration of all these components could be adopted instead of cultivat- ing the crop alone in the hilly upland situations of Andaman and Nicobar Group of Islands.
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Majumder, Nur Mohammad. "Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge of Manure Management in Tree Farming Practice: an Anthropological Investigation of Northeast Upland Khasi of Bangladesh." Indian Journal of Research in Anthropology 3, no. 2 (December 15, 2017): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijra.2454.9118.3217.4.

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Recent scholars and development workers have emphasized on Developing World farmers’ farming materials and ethno-ecological knowledge and its potential for practical use in the fields. The northeast upland Khasi of Bangladesh what kind and extent of knowledge and farming materials are being used to augment of soil-nutrient to grow the tree crop in uphill is not uncovered. The aim of the present study was to explore their manure concept, source of manure and management system with practice in tree crop farming how their farming knowledge was integrated with indigenous knowledge and modern scientific knowledge. In this study the data was obtained using qualitative approach through participant observation and in-depth interviews from the local participants of the study area. Later elicited data were analyzed and categorized to find out their system. The findings illustrated that the global changing trend and social, political, economic factors as well as individual initiative bounded Khasi to be influenced and perceived the modern farming phenomenon and assimilated diverse origin farming inputs and knowledge systems. To explore these issues and the impact of prevalent farming concepts, the study investigated these factors, which revealed the inherent consequence of Khasi farmers’ soil fertilizing knowledge with tree growth. The result of investigation signified that the Khasi soil-fertilizing procedures are integrated, and closer to the modern agroforestry system, which might be used locally, regionally and nationally as farming packages to other areas.
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Ge, Zhen Yang, Xu Ying Zheng, Yi Fei Min, and Wang Wang Wu. "Feasibility Analysis of Mechanized Upland Rice Cultivation in Mountainous Area." Advanced Materials Research 860-863 (December 2013): 3128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.860-863.3128.

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Continuous seasonal drought in past 3 years greatly affects rice production of Yunnan, China. Because upland rice has stronger performance than paddy rice for mountain farming, to develop mechanized production of upland rice is more beneficial to ensure food security of mountainous area. In this study, we investigate and survey traditional upland rice cultivation of peasant household in mountainous rural area of Lancang county, and use Cobb-Douglas production function to analyze the relationship between mechanized and non-mechanized upland rice cultivation. The results show that mechanized upland rice cultivation not only can increase the yield, but also is superior to non-mechanized system in techno-economics. Rational utilizing farm machinery is feasible to upland rice cultivation and will promote the development of the rice production of Yunnan Province.
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Prasetyo, Prasetyo, and Muryanto Muryanto. "Sistem Usahatani Integrasi Tanaman Pangan dengan Kerbau Lumpur (Bubalus bubalus) di Kabupaten Brebes." Sains Peternakan 5, no. 2 (February 8, 2017): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/sainspet.v5i2.4926.

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<div class="Section1"><p><em>The upland agro ecosystem wet climate and lowland agro ecosystem succulence on riverside that occur Brebes Regency potential for sector food plant and livestock development. The destination of survey for knows farming contribution buffalo into food plant farming system in upland and lowland agro ecosystem. The study application with survey method used questioner. The central livestock each village sample collected on district all over buffalo population. The based result debriefing to respondent know farming that application farmer largely is rice’s, corns, onions and buffalos. The Brebes Regency having wide rice’s land is 63.266 Ha. The feed capacities rice waste to livestock is 1.064.38,87 tons digested dry matter/livestock unit. The capacities corns waste to livestock is 78.386,01 tons digested dry matter/livestock unit and the capacities onions waste to livestock is 43.551,51 tons digested dry matter/livestock unit. The conclusion of study that buffalo breeding application as side effort (land plow, save, married child, house repaired) so that traditional bred management. The main farm is rice plants, corns and onion. The value of R/C ratio </em><em>output more than one, farmer application farming system still reasonable for effort. The farming on lowland agro ecosystem big contribution in onions farm is 75,78%. At upland agro ecosystem big contribution in buffalo farm is 57,78%.</em></p></div><p><em> </em></p><p><em>Key words: integrated, food plants, buffalo, agroecosystem</em></p>
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Upland farming system"

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Subba, Rashi. "Isolation and Characterization of phosphate solubilising microbes from darjeeling soils for their use as potential inocluants in upland farming system." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1545.

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Arsanti, Idha Widi. "Evaluation of vegetable farming systems in upland areas of Java and Sumatra, Indonesia /." Berlin : Dissertation.de, 2008. http://d-nb.info/988008726/04.

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Nibbering, Joannes Wilhelmus Silvester Maria. "Hoeing in the hills : stress and resilience in an upland farming system in Java." Phd thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/131322.

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Overpopulation, poverty and land degradation are widespread phenomena in many upland areas in South and South East Asia. However, the literature dealing with these problems is characterized by unwarranted assumptions and a high level of generalization with respect to the nature and extent of degradation, the behaviour of farmers and the wider social, political and economic context in which farmers operate. This thesis inquires into the development of land use in a particular upland area, the Gunung Sewu, a in Java, in order to test how these notions and assumptions will stand in the face of empirical evidence. The Gunung Sewu is a limestone area which is widely believed to be poor and degraded. Immigration from the densely populated lowland areas resulted in rapid population growth which caused the expansion and intensification of agriculture in the area during the 19th century and the first four decades of this century. From the 1940s, throughout the 1950s and 1960s, the population was plunged into a long crisis concurrently with the adverse, political and social conditions in Java as a whole. The general economic situation greatly affected the area, already disadvantaged by its marginal environment, lack of infrastructure, social and economic backwardness, and deprived the population of the means required to cope with their large and growing numbers. During this period, the area suffered greatly from droughts and rat pests, to which it had become extremely susceptible as a result of the expansion of agriculture onto marginal land and land degradation. Poverty and and malnutrition became rampant. From 1967 onwards, after the installation of the new order government, various opportunities presented themselves in the form of off-farm inputs, larger and more accessible markets for agricultural produce and more employment opportunities outside farming. These enabled the farmers to increase the productivity of their land and to strengthen their household economies. These new developments introduced new forms of land use, such as tree growing, and stimulated the farmers to maintain and improve land management practices, such as terracing, which had gradually developed under an increasing population pressure. As a result, crop cultivation has now become more sustainable than it was twenty years before. Increased diversification in farming and non-farming pursuits alike has equipped the population with means to cope with the disturbances affecting crop cultivation in the area, while constant out-migration has reduced population growth to a very low level. As a result, the general welfare situation improved. Lessons which can be drawn from this case study concern the relativity of land productivity and land degradation, the role of stability, the land manager's capacity for adaptation, and the strong connection that exists between the problems in upland areas, their regional position, and, general conditions in the wider economy and society.
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Tran, Da Binh. "Potential to integrate high-value native tree species into the upland farming systems of Hoa Binh Province, Vietnam." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69428.

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This study examines the potential for integrating high-value native-tree species into the farming systems of upland households in Hoa Binh Province, North Vietnam. The fieldwork undertyaken during March to June 2005 involved Participatory Appraisal survey methods in four villages representing the range of physical and social environments of upland farming systems in Hoa Binh Province.
Thesis (M.Ag.Sc.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 2006
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Books on the topic "Upland farming system"

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Morooka, Y. Upland economy in Java: A perspective of a soybean-based farming system. Bogor, Indonesia: Regional Co-ordination Centre for Research and Development of Coarse Grains, Pulses, Roots and Tuber Crops in the Humid Tropics of Asia and the Pacific, 1990.

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Sokoni, Cosmas H. Changes in the upland irrigation system and implications for rural poverty alleviation: A case of the Ndiwa irrigation system, West Usambara Mountains, Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: Mkuki na Nyota Publishers, 2005.

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APO-FFTC-SNAES Study Meeting on Sustainable Farming Systems in Upland Areas (1997 Tokyo and Takamatsu-shi, Japan). Perspectives on sustainable farming systems in upland areas. Tokyo: Asian Productivity Organization, 1998.

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Green, D. A. G. Resource productivity in hill and upland farming systems in Wales. Aberystwyth: Department of Agricultural Economics and Marketing, The University College of Wales, 1987.

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Grüninger, Matthias. Socio-economic impact of soil degradation on upland farming systems in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Kiel: Wissenschaftsverlag Vauk, 2000.

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(Indonesia), Kelompok Penelitian Agro-ekosistem. The critical uplands of eastern Java: An agroecosystems analysis. [Jakarta: s.n., 1985.

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Lieberg, Albert. Farming systems analysis and development for programme adjustment policies and sustainable production: The Clarendon Uplands of Jamaica. Hamburg: Dr. Kovač, 1994.

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J, Goto, and Mayrowani Henny, eds. Potentials and constraints of banana-based farming systems: A case of an upland village in West Java. Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan: Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences, 2002.

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M, Menz K., O'Brien G. C, and Parilla L. S, eds. A profile of upland farming systems on sloping land in the Philippines: Report of a project to determine the socioeconomic constraints on the adoption of improved cropping methods by upland farmers in Leyte, Philippines. Canberra: Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research, 1995.

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Pande, Hari K., Dat Van Tran, and Trinh Ton That. Improved Upland Rice Farming Systems. Food & Agriculture Org, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Upland farming system"

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Dianga, Al-Imran, Ruth N. Musila, and Kamau W. Joseph. "Rainfed Rice Farming Production Constrains and Prospects, the Kenyan Situation." In Rice [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98389.

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Kenya experiences huge production-consumption deficit in relation to rice. This is due to changing eating habits that has adopted more rice in the menu and rapidly rising population. Rice production has remained low being unable to meet consumption. Rice ecosystems in Kenya include irrigated, rainfed lowland and rainfed upland. Irrigated ecosystem has over the years been given more emphasis despite rainfed rice farming having double the potential over irrigation system. Ecologically rice grows well in abundant water supply, warm to high temperatures and in Clay sandy to loamy soils with slightly acidic to neutral pH. Rice varieties grown in Kenya are mainly traditional, introduced improved, hybrids and landraces. Rainfed rice farming faces constraint’s key among them being; drought and erratic rainfall, weeds, pest and diseases, cheap imports, land ownership and poor infrastructure. Mitigating against drought and erratic rainfall, improving farm inputs and equipment, increasing germplasm production and distribution, credit support and marketing to farmers, improving farmers skills through technological transfers and infrastructural development are prospects that if adopted could increase rainfed rice productivity. More attention towards improvement of rainfed rice farming could greatly contribute to bridging the production-consumption deficit that is bridged through imports. It is with this, that this review updates our understanding of rain fed rice farming in Kenya in terms of ecological conditions, ecological systems, varieties, constraints and prospects.
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Barker, Graeme. "Central and South Asia: theWheat/Rice Frontier." In The Agricultural Revolution in Prehistory. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199281091.003.0010.

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This chapter intentionally overlaps with Chapter 4 in its geographical scope, as there is no clear boundary between South-West and South Asia. Western Asiatic landforms—mountain ranges, alluvial valleys, semi-arid steppe, and desert—extend eastwards from the Iranian plateau beyond the Caspian Sea into Turkmenistan in Central Asia, and there are similar environments in South Asia from Baluchistan (western Pakistan) and the Indus valley into north-west India as far east as the Aravalli hills (Fig. 5.1). Rainfall increases steadily moving eastwards across the vast and immensely fertile alluvial plains of northern India. The north-east (Bengal, Assam, Bhutan) is tropical, with tropical conditions also extending down the eastern coast of the peninsula and up the west coast as far as Bombay. Today the great majority of the rural population of the region lives by agriculture, though many farmers also hunt game if they have the opportunity. The ‘Eurasian’ farming system predominates in the western part of the region: the cultivation of crops sown in the winter and harvested in the spring (rabi), such as barley, wheat, oats, lentils, chickpeas, jujube, mustard, and grass peas, integrated with animal husbandry based especially on sheep, goats, and cattle. A second system (kharif ) takes advantage of the summer monsoon rains: crops are sown in the late spring at the start of the monsoon and harvested in the autumn. Rice (Oryza sativa) is the main summer or kharif crop (though millets and pulses are also key staples), grown wherever its considerable moisture needs can be met, commonly by rainfall in upland swidden systems and on the lowlands by flooding bunded or dyked fields in paddy systems. The systems are referred to as ‘dry’ and ‘wet’ rice farming respectively. Rice is the primary staple in the eastern or tropical zone receiving the greatest amount of summer monsoon rain. This extends from the Ganges (Ganga) valley eastwards through Assam into Myanmar (Burma) and East Asia. There are something like 100,000 varieties of domesticated Asian rice, but the main one grown in the region is Oryza indica. A wide range of millets is also grown as summer crops in rain-fed systems throughout the semi-arid tropical regions of South Asia, including sorghum or ‘great millet’, finger millet, pearl or bullrush millet, proso or common millet, foxtail millet, bristley foxtail, browntopmillet, kodo millet, littlemillet, and sawamillet.
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Juo, Anthony S. R., and Kathrin Franzluebbers. "Soils and Sustainable Agriculture : Ecological Considerations." In Tropical Soils. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195115987.003.0018.

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Sustainable agriculture can be defined in many different ways. In industrial nations, sustainable agriculture means improving energy use efficiency, reducing environmental pollution, and increasing and sustaining profitability. For millions of small-holder farmers throughout the tropics, sustainable agriculture means providing basic food needs for the farming family, improving the farmer’s ability to replenish soil nutrients and control soil degradation, and optimizing crop yield per unit area of land. Soil utilization for agricultural production in the tropics during the past two centuries, to a large extent, has been influenced by the technological and economic changes in temperate regions. Research and development for agriculture during the colonial era were mainly focused on the needs of industrial nations, while the production of food crops for the indigenous inhabitants was largely left in the hands of the traditional slash-and-burn cultivators. Large and small cash crop plantations were developed on fertile, high-base-status allophanic and oxidic soils for coffee, cocoa, banana, and sugarcane production throughout the humid and subhumid tropics. Cotton was cultivated on smectitic soils and high-base-status kaolinitic soils in the subhumid and semiarid regions of Africa for the textile industries in temperate regions. In tropical America, cattle ranching, a production system introduced by European immigrants, still occupies most of the fertile flat land today, while food grains are usually cultivated on less fertile land or in shallow soils on steep slopes. In tropical Africa and Latin America, a wide range of food crops, such as maize and beans, potato, cowpea, sorghum, millet, cassava, and yam are mostly produced under the traditional slash-and-burn system of cultivation on less fertile kaolinitic soils. In tropical Asia, the indigenous intensive rice-based agriculture on wet smectitic soil has been practiced over many centuries and has been able to meet the basic food needs for the increasing population in the region. Generally, upland food crop production in the tropics has not kept pace with human population growth in the tropics during the past century. It was not until the 1950s and 1960s, following the independence of many nations in tropical Asia and Africa, that more attention was given to the research and development of food crop production.
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Swami, Sanjay. "Integrated Management of Land, Water and Bioresources for Sustainable Agriculture in North Eastern Region of India." In Mountain Ecosystems and Resources Management, 131–48. The Grassroots Institute, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33002/mount.a/8.

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The ecosystem approach is a strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way. There is no single way to implement the ecosystem approach, as it depends on local, provincial, national, regional or global conditions. The North Eastern Region (NER) of India represents three geographies (East Himalayas, Brahmaputra Valley, and North East Hills) and covers about 7.7 percent of the total geographic area of India. Around 56 percent of the cultivated area of the NER is under low altitude (valley or lowland), 33 percent under mid-altitude (flat upland), and the rest under high altitude (upland terrace). The environment, local conditions, socio-economic and socio-cultural life of different tribal communities and the rituals associated with agricultural practices have developed many Indigenous farming systems, which have in-built eco-friendly systems for conservation, preservation and utilization of natural resources. However, with the passage of time, some of these practices have been further refined and modified to cater the location specific present day needs for conservation of natural resources, particularly soil and water resources. The present article is to discuss some important ecosystem approaches/traditional practices followed in the North Eastern Region with recent innovations to make agriculture more efficient and more sustainable.
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Barker, Graeme. "The ‘Hearth of Domestication’? Transitions to Farming in South-West Asia." In The Agricultural Revolution in Prehistory. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199281091.003.0009.

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The principal focus of this chapter is the classic zone of early farming research from the 1960s onwards, the so-called ‘hilly flanks of the Fertile Crescent’ in South-West Asia (Fig. 4.1). This region is normally defined as the arc of hill country to the west of the Syrian desert and to the north and east of the Tigris and Euphrates valleys. The western side of the arc begins east of the Nile in the Sinai and the Gulf of Arabah on the southern border of Israel and Jordan; it continues northwards as the hill country on either side of the Jordan rift valley in Israel, Palestine, Lebanon, western Jordan, and western Syria (the so-called ‘Levantine corridor’); and extends westwards to the Mediterranean littoral. The northern sector is formed by the Taurus mountains along the southern edge of the Anatolian plateau, which curve eastwards from the Mediterranean coast in northern Syria to form the present-day Syrian–Turkish border. The eastern sector consists of the Zagros mountains, running south-eastwards from eastern Turkey and north-west Iran to the Persian Gulf, forming the Iraq–Iran border for most of their length, and continuing in south-west Iran beyond the Persian Gulf towards the Straits of Hormuz. The region also embraces adjacent zones: the alluvial plains of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers and the vast tracts of steppe and desert country separating them from the Levantine, Taurus, and Zagros upland systems; the Anatolian plateau to the north of the Taurus, within modern Turkey; and the Iranian plateau east of the Zagros, within modern Iran. The archaeological literature commonly uses the term Near East to describe the main region of interest, with the Levant for its western side (a term also used in this chapter), and South-West Asia for the eastern side, but the entire region is more correctly termed South-West Asia. The upland areas of the region mostly receive more than 200 millimetres of rainfall a year, which is the minimum required for growing cereals without irrigation. Rainfall decreases drastically moving out into the steppe and desert zones.
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Litsinger, James A. "A Farming Systems Approach to Insect Pest Management for Upland and Lowland Rice Farmers in Tropical Asia." In Crop Protection Strategies for Subsistence Farmers, 45–101. CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429040894-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Upland farming system"

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Nuraida, Waode, Muhidin, Dewi Nurhayati Yusuf, Sitti Leomo, Suarna Samai, Gusti Ray Sadimantara, Gusti Ayu Kade Sutariati, and Ni Wayan Sri Suliartini. "The potential yield of upland red rice shade tolerant on organic farming system." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCES ON SCIENCES AND MATHEMATICS (2ND ICSM). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0134397.

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