Journal articles: 'Up-grading'

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Stephen, Heather. "Unions step up attack on grading shake-up." Nursing Standard 13, no. 21 (February 10, 1999): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.13.21.7.s8.

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Waast, B., L. Le Bervet, P. Lambert, A. Le Goff, and J. M. Maison. "Up-grading of Orsay MP-9." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 268, no. 2-3 (May 1988): 319–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(88)90527-x.

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O’Connor, Ken, Lee Ann Jung, and Douglas Reeves. "Gearing up for FAST grading and reporting." Phi Delta Kappan 99, no. 8 (April 30, 2018): 67–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031721718775683.

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The authors posit that the traditional grading system involving points and percentages is not the best way to prepare students to be the self-directed, independent learners they need to be. A better system would produce grades that are FAST (fair, accurate, specific, timely). To bring about these changes, school leaders need not create full agreement about new models but should, instead, create circumstances that make action more likely.

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NAGATA, Katsuya, Hiroshi ONODA, Takuya KIRIKAWA, Takanori NEGISHI, Keita Okawa, and Kazuki SUZUKI. "420 Up-grading Use System for Automobile." Proceedings of the Symposium on Environmental Engineering 2008.18 (2008): 379–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeenv.2008.18.379.

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Su, Xiaohu, Zhong Zheng, Liguo Zhang, Urhan Bai, Ying Ma, Yingjie Dou, Xiaoran Zhang, et al. "Proteomic profiling of ovine milk after grading up." Journal of Dairy Research 88, no. 2 (May 2021): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029921000455.

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AbstractWe have previously bred Chinese local dairy sheep through grading up with local Small-Tailed Han (STH) sheep as female parent and DairyMeade (DM) sheep as male parent. In this research communication we characterize the whey protein profile of STH sheep and their offspring (F1, F2) to reveal physiological differences and variation in milk traits. A total of 1032 whey proteins were identified through tandem mass tag labeling (TMT) proteome profiling. Three proteins were significantly differentially abundant between F1 and STH milk, six between F2 and STH milk and five between F1 and F2 milk. In terms of differential changes between generations, WASHC4 and CUTA of F1 and Ig-like domain-containing protein of F2 milk were dominant whey proteins. Overall, the results showed that the whey protein profiles of different generations varied little. The crossbreeds of STH and DM sheep would be suitable for the development of the Chinese local sheep milk industry, and the F2 may be a better population for sheep milk production.

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Mostageer, A., Y. A. Afifi †, M. A. Morsy, and A. A. Nigm. "Grading up Baladi cattle with Friesians in Egypt." Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 104, no. 1-5 (January 12, 1987): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0388.1987.tb00145.x.

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de Biase, Claudia, and Salvatore Losco. "Up-grading Illegal Building Settlements: An Urban-planning Methodology." Procedia Environmental Sciences 37 (2017): 454–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proenv.2017.03.016.

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Bogachenkov, V. A., K. V. Kondratyev, and V. A. Papadichev. "Up-grading a 4.7-cm-period plane electromagnetic undulator." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 429, no. 1-3 (June 1999): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(99)00088-1.

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Nawrotek, Jarosław. "RUSSIAN FEDERATION ARMAMENT POLICY FOR ARMED FORCES UP-GRADING." PROBLEMY TECHNIKI UZBROJENIA 151, no. 3 (January 14, 2020): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7310.

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Plans of Russia to return on the international arena as a strategic power effect the aggressive foreign policy including military engagements into local conflicts all over the world. Modern armed forces is a necessary tool of such activities. The Russian Federa-tion successively increases the financial as-sets for development, production and supplies of the ordnance in the frame of the State Armament Programs (SAP) to provide efficient operation of the army. Currently two state armament programs exist in the Russian Federation: the first prepared for years 2011–2020 (SAP- 2020) and second for years 2018-2025 (SAP-2025). The two plans are complementary and the funds not used by SAP-2020 will be shifted to SAP-2025.

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Miyake, Makito, Nagaaki Marugami, Yuya Fujiwara, Kazumasa Komura, Teruo Inamoto, Haruhito Azuma, Hiroaki Matsumoto, Hideyasu Matsuyama, and Kiyohide Fujimoto. "Down-Grading of Ipsilateral Hydronephrosis by Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Correlates with Favorable Oncological Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Radical Nephroureterectomy for Ureteral Carcinoma." Diagnostics 10, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics10010010.

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Few studies have analyzed the details of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC)-induced changes in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma. This study aimed to describe the impact of down-grading ipsilateral hydronephrosis by NAC for ureteral carcinoma. An observational study was conducted in 32 patients with cT1-3N0M0 ureteral carcinoma treated with NAC and radical nephroureterectomy. Hydronephrosis was classified into five grades based on computed tomography findings. We focused on the differences between the baseline and post-NAC status of ipsilateral hydronephrosis, radiographic tumor response, and blood markers. Down-grading, no change, and up-grading was observed in 10 (31%), 21 (66%), and 1 (3%) patients, respectively. In univariate analysis, locally advanced disease (cT3), severe hydronephrosis (grade 3/4) at baseline, no change/up-grading of hydronephrosis after NAC, and pathological lymphovascular involvement were identified as potential prognostic factors of progression-free and cancer-specific survival after radical nephroureterectomy. Locally advanced disease (cT3) at baseline and no change/up-grading of hydronephrosis by NAC were independently associated with poor progression-free survival. Notably, none of the patients with NAC-induced down-grading of hydronephrosis died of ureteral carcinoma during the follow-up. We reported the prognostic impact of down-grading of ipsilateral hydronephrosis, which could serve as a useful aid or clinical marker for decision-making.

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Koshrawipour, Tanja, Ingo Stricker, Andrea Tannapfel, Lars Steinstraesser, Stefan Langer, and Andrej Ring. "Risk factors leading to grading changes within 300 low-grade soft tissue sarcomas." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2012): 10059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.30.15_suppl.10059.

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10059 Background: Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are rare, mesenchymal derived tumors. Based on malignancy, three grades are distinguished with G1 equaling low grade, G2 intermediate grade and G3 high grade, respectively. Studies have shown that some G1 tumors which underwent complete surgical resection reoccurred as lesions with a grading shift from G1 to higher malignancy. This grading change is referred to as up grading. Patients with grading changes were thoroughly examined in our study. Our aim was to find possible risk factors for up gradings, such as age, localization of tumor and tumor type. Methods: This retrospective case control study evaluated 333 Patients, who, between 1996 to 2011 were treated for G1 STS at Bergmannsheil Bochum, university clinic. These patients received complete initial surgical resection. Among our 333 patients, 9.9% (n=33) developed up gradings of their STS. These were then reviewed more closely in the aim of finding possible risk factors. We did not exclude any patients from our data or deliberately pick any grading changers and regard our collective as randomly sampled. The processed data includes age, gender, tumor type, tumor localization, occurrence of recidive and grading change. Results: Patients with up gradings were found to have a higher mean age of 4, 5 years than reference collective. The tumor type has a strong, statistically significant effect on grading change as patients with fibrosarcomas have a threefold risk of developing up gradings when compared to patients with other G1 STS. Conclusions: Our results indicate that age and tumor type play the key role in the development of up gradings in low malignant STS .Patients aged 60 and above diagnosed with fibrosarcomas are at a 3 times higher risk of developing a grading change as opposed to patients younger than 60 with other low grade STS than fibrosarcoma. We discussed the significance of these risk factors and argued whether, in addition to wide tumor resection, a short term postoperative radiotherapy should be applied for these patients to improve therapeutical outcome.

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Da Costa, W., R. Rocha, I. da Cunha, F. da Fonseca, G. Guimaraes, and S. Zequi. "UP-01.190 The Fuhrman Grading System and CD44: Revisited Themes." Urology 78, no. 3 (September 2011): S250—S251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2011.07.740.

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Kiliç, T., M. N. Pamir, M. M. Özek, and C. Erzen. "Grading and hemodynamic follow-up of AVMs with transcranial Doppler." Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 99 (July 1997): S54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0303-8467(97)81498-9.

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Setacci, C., E. Chisci, and F. Setacci. "Grading Carotid Intrastent Restenosis: A Six-Year Follow-Up Study." Journal of Vascular Surgery 48, no. 1 (July 2008): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvs.2008.05.052.

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Moneta, G. L. "Grading Carotid Intrastent Restenosis: A 6-Year Follow-Up Study." Yearbook of Vascular Surgery 2009 (January 2009): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0749-4041(08)79015-8.

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Lombardia, Lidia, Andrea Corti, Ennio Carnevale, Renato Baciocchi, and Daniela Zingaretti. "Carbon dioxide removal and capture for landfill gas up-grading." Energy Procedia 4 (2011): 465–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.01.076.

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Haeffner-Cavaillon, N., C. Graillot-Gak, and C. Bréchot. "Automated grading of research performance clearly fails to measure up." Nature 438, no. 7068 (November 30, 2005): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/438559a.

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El-Sawy Temraz, H., N. Ashoub, and A. Fathallah. "Power up-grading study for the first Egyptian research reactor." Nuclear Engineering and Design 208, no. 3 (September 2001): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-5493(01)00359-4.

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Dowell, F. E. "An Automated Cleaning, Pod Sizing, Shelling, and Kernel Sizing System for Grading Farmers Stock Peanuts1." Peanut Science 23, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-23-1-9.

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Abstract In response to peanut industry requests to improve the farmers stock grading system, an automated grading system was developed that reduced the variability in measuring most grade factors up to 50%. The automated system reduced sampling error by grading a larger sample while maintaining approximately the same sample processing speed. The system reduced inspector error by simplifying the grading process and eliminating opportunities for mistakes to occur. The system reduced equipment error by replacing outdated equipment with more efficient and effective equipment. Implementing the system could result in a return of about $10,350 annually per buying point and save the entire U.S. peanut industry up to $6 million each year. In addition, reducing errors in measuring grade factors should improve the quality of peanuts reaching consumers.

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KUSAYANAGI, Shunji. "Build up New Project Execution System for up Grading Transpearency of Construction Industry in Japan." Doboku Gakkai Ronbunshu, no. 714 (2002): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscej.2002.714_221.

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Ho, Daniel E., Zoe C. Ashwood, and Cassandra Handan-Nader. "New Evidence on Information Disclosure through Restaurant Hygiene Grading." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 11, no. 4 (November 1, 2019): 404–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20180230.

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The case of restaurant hygiene grading occupies a central role in information disclosure scholarship. Comparing Los Angeles, which enacted grading in 1998, with California from 1995–1999, Jin and Leslie (2003) found that grading reduced foodborne illness hospitalizations by 20 percent. Expanding hospitalization data and collecting new data on mandatorily reported illnesses, we show that this finding does not hold up under improvements to the original data and methodology. The largest salmonella outbreak in state history hit Southern California before Los Angeles implemented grading. Placebo tests detect the same treatment effects for Southern California counties, none of which changed restaurant grading. (JEL D83, H75, I12, I18, L83, L88)

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Selim, A. Q., A. A. El-Midany, A. S. Abdel-Fattah, and S. S. Ibrahim. "Rationalization of the up-grading circuit of celestite for advanced applications." Powder Technology 198, no. 2 (March 2010): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2009.11.012.

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Gzogyan, T. N., and S. R. Gzogyan. "Effect of silicate mineral properties on up-grading of ferruginous quartzites." Journal of Mining Science 46, no. 6 (November 2010): 695–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10913-010-0088-4.

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Plebani, Mario, Massimo De Paoli, Daniela Basso, Giovanni Roveroni, Alda Giacomini, Fabrizio Galeotti, and Augusto Corsini. "Serum tumor markers in colorectal cancer staging, grading, and follow-up." Journal of Surgical Oncology 62, no. 4 (August 1996): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9098(199608)62:4<239::aid-jso2>3.0.co;2-7.

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Rindi, Guido, Catherine Klersy, Luca Albarello, Eric Baudin, Antonio Bianchi, Markus W. Buchler, Martyn Caplin, et al. "Competitive Testing of the WHO 2010 versus the WHO 2017 Grading of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: Data from a Large International Cohort Study." Neuroendocrinology 107, no. 4 (2018): 375–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000494355.

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Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) and the American Joint Cancer Committee (AJCC) modified the grading of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms from a three-tier (WHO-AJCC 2010) to a four-tier system by introducing the novel category of NET G3 (WHO-AJCC 2017). Objectives: This study aims at validating the WHO-AJCC 2017 and identifying the most effective grading system. Method: A total of 2,102 patients were enrolled; entry criteria were: (i) patient underwent surgery; (ii) at least 2 years of follow-up; (iii) observation time up to 2015. Data from 34 variables were collected; grading was assessed and compared for efficacy by statistical means including Kaplan-Meier method, Cox regression analysis, Harrell’s C statistics, and Royston’s explained variation in univariable and multivariable analyses. Results: In descriptive analysis, the two grading systems demonstrated statistically significant differences for the major category sex but not for age groups. In Cox regression analysis, both grading systems showed statistically significant differences between grades for OS and EFS; however, no statistically significant difference was observed between the two G3 classes of WHO-AJCC 2017. In multivariable analysis for the two models fitted to compare efficacy, the two grading systems performed equally well with substantially similar optimal discrimination and well-explained variation for both OS and EFS. The WHO-AJCC 2017 grading system retained statistically significant difference between the two G3 classes for OS but not for EFS. Conclusions: The WHO-AJCC 2017 grading system is at least equally performing as the WHO-AJCC 2010 but allows the successful identification of the most aggressive PanNET subgroup. Grading is confirmed as probably the most powerful tool for predicting patient survival.

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Tian, Subo, Zifan Wang, Jifeng Yang, Zichen Huang, Ruili Wang, Liping Wang, and Jianghui Dong. "Development of an automatic visual grading system for grafting seedlings." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 9, no. 1 (January 2017): 168781401668626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814016686265.

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In this study, a visual grading system of vegetable grafting machine was developed. The study described key technology of visual grading system of vegetable grafting machine. First, the contrasting experiment was conducted between acquired images under blue background light and natural light conditions, with the blue background light chosen as lighting source. The Visual C++ platform with open-source computer vision library (Open CV) was used for the image processing. Subsequently, maximum frequency of total number of 0-valued pixels was predicted and used to extract the measurements of scion and rootstock stem diameters. Finally, the developed integrated visual grading system was experimented with 100 scions and rootstock seedlings. The results showed that success rate of grading reached up to 98%. This shows that selection and grading of scion and rootstock could be fully automated with this developed visual grading system. Hence, this technology would be greatly helpful for improving the grading accuracy and efficiency.

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Panczykowski, David M., Ronak H. Jani, Marion A. Hughes, and Raymond F. Sekula. "Development and Evaluation of a Preoperative Trigeminal Neuralgia Scoring System to Predict Long-Term Outcome Following Microvascular Decompression." Neurosurgery 87, no. 1 (September 20, 2019): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyz376.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Microvascular decompression (MVD) can be an effective intervention for trigeminal neuralgia (TN); however, an optimal system for patient selection and surgical outcome prediction has not been defined. OBJECTIVE To develop and validate a preoperative TN grading system for the prediction of long-term pain relief after MVD. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included consecutive patients suffering unilateral TN who underwent MVD with >18-mo follow-up. A grading system was formulated using 3 previously validated preoperative characteristics. The primary end-point was long-term, pain-free status without use of medication. Ability to predict pain-free status was analyzed by multiple regression and assessed by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Clinical utility to predict MVD success and reduce unnecessary surgeries was assessed by decision-curve analysis. RESULTS Of 208 patients analyzed, 73% were pain-free without medication at >18-mo follow-up. Pain-free status was predicted by classical TN type, positive response to carbamazepine and/or oxcarbazepine, and presence and nature of neurovascular compression demonstrated on MRI (all P < .01). The TN grading system demonstrated good discriminatory ability for prediction of pain-free status (AUC 0.85, 95% CI 0.80-0.91). Decision-curve analysis demonstrated a net reduction of 20 cases likely to be unsuccessful per 100 patients evaluated with this grading system above a decision threshold of 80%. CONCLUSION This TN grading system reliably predicts long-term pain-free status without medications following MVD. The use of the TN grading system as part of a comprehensive work-up may reduce the number of unsuccessful operations.

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Xu, Bo, Xiang Cui, Wei Ji, Hao Yuan, and Juncheng Wang. "Apple Grading Method Design and Implementation for Automatic Grader Based on Improved YOLOv5." Agriculture 13, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13010124.

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Apple grading is an essential part of the apple marketing process to achieve high profits. In this paper, an improved YOLOv5 apple grading method is proposed to address the problems of low grading accuracy and slow grading speed in the apple grading process and is experimentally verified by the designed automatic apple grading machine. Firstly, the Mish activation function is used instead of the original YOLOv5 activation function, which allows the apple feature information to flow in the deep network and improves the generalization ability of the model. Secondly, the distance intersection overUnion loss function (DIoU_Loss) is used to speed up the border regression rate and improve the model convergence speed. In order to refine the model to focus on apple feature information, a channel attention module (Squeeze Excitation) was added to the YOLOv5 backbone network to enhance information propagation between features and improve the model’s ability to extract fruit features. The experimental results show that the improved YOLOv5 algorithm achieves an average accuracy of 90.6% for apple grading under the test set, which is 14.8%, 11.1%, and 3.7% better than the SSD, YOLOv4, and YOLOv5s models, respectively, with a real-time grading frame rate of 59.63 FPS. Finally, the improved YOLOv5 apple grading algorithm is experimentally validated on the developed apple auto-grader. The improved YOLOv5 apple grading algorithm was experimentally validated on the developed apple auto grader. The experimental results showed that the grading accuracy of the automatic apple grader reached 93%, and the grading speed was four apples/sec, indicating that this method has a high grading speed and accuracy for apples, which is of practical significance for advancing the development of automatic apple grading.

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Ahmad, Ahmad. "Implementasi Pembinaan Konsepsi Model Pembelajaran Up Grading untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Mengajar Guru di Sekolah Dasar Binaan Segugus 05 Kopang Lombok Tengah." Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan : Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pembelajaran 6, no. 2 (October 18, 2021): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.33394/jtp.v6i2.4234.

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The purpose of this research is to improve the teaching quality of teachers through the Up Grading learning model, especially in elementary schools assisted by the 05 Kopang cluster. This research method used action research with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques using observation techniques (observation), field notes, and documentation. The data analysis technique in this study used qualitative data analysis techniques. The results showed that the implementation of the Up Grading learning model conception development was able to improve the quality of teacher teaching. The results of this study indicate that Up Grading Learning has a positive impact on improving teacher performance. This can be seen from the more stable students' understanding of the material presented by the teacher (learning mastery increases from cycles I, II, and III) which are 65.00%, 75.00%, and 85.00%, respectively. In cycle III, classical student learning completeness has been achieved. This research was successful because there was an increase with the research success criteria of 10% per cycle.

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Ening Yuni Soleh Astuti. "Up Grading Learning: Implementasi Pembelajaran PAI melalui Pembinaan Pengawas di MTs Wilayah Binaan Bantul." Jurnal Pendidikan Madrasah 5, no. 1 (June 26, 2020): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jpm.2020.51-11.

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The research aims to determine the quality of teachers of Bantul Regency in implementing learning after gaining supervision through the activities of up grading learning. The study uses action research methods, conducted in two cycles covering the planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The expected impact in the action of this study was the improvement of teacher quality in teaching. The results concluded that the implementation of supervision coaching implemented in six phases is to convey objectives and motivate, present information, organize into study groups, guide groups of work and study, evaluate, and reward. Learning through grading learning models can improve teachers ' ability to teach and improve teacher knowledge of concepts in teaching. The provision of supervision coaching using a learning up grading learning model with 6 phases of longer face-to-face meetings and complete teaching materials will further improve the quality and ability of the teachers to carry out their learning.

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Moeljono, Moeljono, and Nasron Alfiyanto. "Up Grading Capacity Aparatur Desa Melalui Pelatihan di Desa Tegalarum Kabupaten Demak." ABDIMASKU : JURNAL PENGABDIAN MASYARAKAT 3, no. 1 (February 11, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/ja.v3i1.54.

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Kapasitas dan ketrampilan aparat desa dalam melaksanakan tugas administrasi dan tata kelola pelaporan keuangan masih lemah, untuk meningkatkan kapasitas dan ketrampilan para aparatur desa diperlukan adanya pelatihan, untuk meningkatkan kapasitas aparatur pemerintahan desa. Diharapkan melalui kegiatan tersebut akan mendorong tata kelola pemerintahan desa yang akuntabel dan transparan serta melahirkan aparatur desa yang memiliki pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan yang baik. Metode kegiatan yang digunakan adalah Participatory Learning and Action. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan menekankan pada kegiatan ceramah, diskusi, curah pendapat yang dilakukan secara interaktif dengan aparatur desa dan masyarakat, dilanjutkan dengan kegiatan pelatihan yang relevan dengan materi pemberdayaan masyarakat. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat berjalan sesuai dengan rencana yang telah ditetapkan, aparatur desa dan masyarakat memilki respon dan antusias terhadap pelatihan dan tercipta perubahan pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan.

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Hanway, Brian. "Thermal up‐grading, condensation and mould growth at a ‘no fines’ estate." Structural Survey 7, no. 1 (January 1989): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb006300.

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Hiraki, Takehito, Yuichi Maruyama, Yuta Suzuki, Satoshi Itoh, and Tetsuya Nagasaka. "Up-grading of natural ilmenite ore by combining oxidation and acid leaching." International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials 25, no. 7 (July 2018): 729–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12613-018-1620-9.

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Nagamoto, Koichi, Kentaro Kusama, Toru Sano, and Hideo Seno. "P-116: Up-grading of LCD Panels with Novel Pressure Sensitive Adhesives." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 38, no. 1 (May 2007): 637–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1889/1.2785383.

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Qiao, Guohui, Guanghua Zong, Jianzhong Wang, and Minglei Sun. "Automatic toxic granulation detection and grading based on speeded up robust features." Cytometry Part A 79A, no. 11 (August 25, 2011): 887–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cyto.a.21113.

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Wilson, K. C., R. Clift, G. R. Addie, and J. Maffett. "Effect of broad particle grading on slurry stratification ratio and scale-up." Powder Technology 61, no. 2 (May 1990): 165–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-5910(90)80151-n.

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Bednarski, W., M. Adamczak, J. Kowalewska-Piontas, and R. Zadernowski. "Biotechnological methods for the up-grading and modification of animal waste fats." Acta Biotechnologica 14, no. 4 (1994): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370140412.

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Zhou, Ricky. "What is the Cost of Silence: Examining the Drawbacks of the In-class Participation Grading Method in American K-12 Schools." Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 4, no. 3 (August 22, 2022): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2022.4.3.16.

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This study weighs the significance of one of the commonly used grading methods in K-12 schools in a new way: the in-class participation grading method, which measures a student’s quantitative engagement in classes. The participation grade is often combined with other gradings and makes up the Grade Point Average (mostly in high schools). Yet numerous flaws exist within the grading system. While it is used worldwide, only K-12 schools in the United States will be considered in this paper. The objective is to determine whether the grading method is inclusive or, in other words, fair to be used in the American education system. The essay examines and discusses the drawbacks of the method and provides plausible alternatives. Such alternatives to grading participation might shed light on innovating the American Education System in general. Though no experimental procedures were conducted, this literary analysis utilizes multiple sources for empirical evidence.

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Hendrik, Manopo Jouke, Umar Paputungan, and Wapsiaty Utiah. "KAJIAN APLIKASI TEKNIK INSEMINASI BUATAN DALAM PENINGKATAN GENETIK BOBOT BADAN TERNAK SAPI PERANAKAN ONGOLE DI SULAWESI UTARA." ZOOTEC 40, no. 2 (July 31, 2020): 700. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.40.2.2020.30103.

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THE STUDY OF ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION APPLICATION ON GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF LIVE WEIGHT IN ONGOLE GRADE CATTLE AT NORTH SULAWESI PROVINCE. This research was conducted to evaluate the effective application of artificial insemination compared with natural breeding on genetic improvement by grading up system involving semen sourced from Ongole bull for the Indonesian-grade cattle at rural areas in Minahasa regency of North Sulawesi province, Indonesia. Data on animal live weight were collected from all cows (n= 404) kept by the traditional household farmers. Data of the cows were corrected by adjusting for the six years old of age. Breeding of beef genetic ancestors used the natural breeding (NB) and the artificial insemination (AI), divided into three cow groups with the first group of NB-mating without grading up (G0 cows), the second group of AI-mating with grading up using semen of Ongole bull for the first generation (G1 cows), and the third group of AI-mating with grading up using semen of Ongole bull for the second generation (G2 cows). The genetic improvements from breeding program of each G0, G1 and G2 were analyzed involving the selection intensity (i), the accuracy of selection (r), the genetic standard deviation of the trait under selection (SDg), and the generation interval (L) expressed in years. Results of this study showed that the critical components was the genetic development of local beef cattle by grading up using semen of the selected elite Ongole bull mated by AI method producing G2 in North Sulawesi province of Indonesia. This method increased genetically four hundred percents of live weight per year under 48% to 10% proportions of elite cows at the truncation points from the animal population compared with those of the natural mating of G0 in increasing genetic development for animal genetically live weight per year.Key Words: artificial insemination, genetic development, Indonesian local-grade cattle, Ongole breed bull

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Carrico, Melanie, Sheri L. Dragoo, Ellen McKinney, Casey Stannard, Colleen Moretz, and Ashley Rougeaux-Burnes. "An Inquiry into Gradable Zero-Waste Apparel Design." Sustainability 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14010452.

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The implementation of standardized grading production practices within the mass market has been challenging for scholars experimenting with zero-waste apparel design. The purpose of this research was to test the efficacy of the Carrico Zero-waste Banded Grading (CZWBG) technique, which utilizes bands inserted in strategic locations as a method of grading zero-waste patterns across various consumer categories. An additional purpose was to evaluate the ways in which this grading approach affected the aesthetic outcomes of garments across a size run, and to determine whether this method affected the overall design process of the designers involved. Through experimental research design, six design scholars successfully tested and incorporated the CZWBG technique in zero-waste one or two-piece apparel item(s), subsequently developing three sizes in an industry-specified size range for their product category. Each design was cut from zero-waste patterns in a mid-range size and graded up and down one–two sizes using an industry-standardized grading scale. The grading was achieved by varying the widths and lengths of strategically inserted bands of fabric or trim. The designers utilized various grading methods, textiles, pattern development methods, and size runs, showing that the CZWBG technique can successfully be applied across multiple consumer categories in the apparel industry.

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Zhang, Zhichun, Xiuping Yue, Yanqing Duan, Xiao Zhang, Yanjuan Gao, Rao Zhu, and Xia Cui. "Sulfate radical oxidation combined with iron flocculation for upgrading biological effluent of coking wastewater." RSC Advances 8, no. 68 (2018): 38765–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8ra08134d.

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Silva, Michael A., Pui Man Rosalind Lai, Rose Du, Mohammad A. Aziz-Sultan, and Nirav J. Patel. "The Ruptured Arteriovenous Malformation Grading Scale (RAGS): An Extension of the Hunt and Hess Scale to Predict Clinical Outcome for Patients With Ruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations." Neurosurgery 87, no. 2 (October 5, 2019): 193–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyz404.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Arteriovenous malformation (AVM) rupture is highly morbid. Outcomes after AVM rupture differ from other types of brain hemorrhage. There are no specific widely used grading systems designed to predict clinical outcome after AVM rupture. OBJECTIVE To develop an all-comers scoring system to grade patients with AVM rupture and predict clinical outcome more accurately than grading systems currently in use. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed patients who presented to our institution with a ruptured AVM. Using change in modified Rankin Score (mRS) as our response variable, we generated an ordinal logistic regression model to test for significant predictor variables. The full model was sequentially condensed until the simplest model with the highest area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC) was achieved. RESULTS A total of 115 patients who presented with ruptured AVMs were included in the study, with a mean follow-up time of 4 yr. The Ruptured AVM Grading Scale (RAGS) consists of the Hunt and Hess (HH) score (1-5), patient age (<35 = 0, 35-70 = 1, and >70 = 2), deep venous drainage (1), and eloquence (1). The RAGS score outperformed other neurosurgical grading scales in predicting change in mRS, with an AUROC greater than 0.80 across all follow-up periods. CONCLUSION The RAGS score is a simple extension of the HH scale that predicts clinical outcome after AVM rupture more accurately than other grading systems.

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Pio, Stephan M., Mohammed R. Amanullah, Steele C. Butcher, Kenny Y. Sin, Nina Ajmone Marsan, Philippe Pibarot, Nicolas M. Van Mieghem, et al. "Discordant severity criteria in patients with moderate aortic stenosis: prognostic implications." Open Heart 8, no. 1 (June 2021): e001639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/openhrt-2021-001639.

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BackgroundThe criteria to define the grade of aortic stenosis (AS)—aortic valve area (AVA) and mean gradient (MG) or peak jet velocity—do not always coincide into one grade. Although in severe AS, this discrepancy is well characterised, in moderate AS, the phenomenon of discordant grading has not been investigated and its prognostic implications are unknown.ObjectivesTo investigate the occurrence of discordant grading in patients with moderate AS (defined by an AVA between 1.0 cm² and 1.5 cm² but with an MG <20 mm Hg) and how these patients compare with those with concordant grading moderate AS (AVA between 1.0 cm² and 1.5 cm² and MG ≥20 mm Hg) in terms of clinical outcomes.MethodsFrom an ongoing registry of patients with AS, patients with moderate AS based on AVA were selected and classified into discordant or concordant grading (MG <20 mm Hg or ≥20 mm Hg, respectively). The clinical endpoint was all-cause mortality.ResultsOf 790 patients with moderate AS, 150 (19.0%) had discordant grading, moderate AS. Patients with discordant grading were older, had higher prevalence of previous myocardial infarction and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, larger LV end-diastolic and end-systolic volume index, higher LV filling pressure and lower LV ejection fraction and stroke volume index as compared with their counterparts. After a median follow-up of 4.9 years (IQR 3.0–8.2), patients with discordant grading had lower aortic valve replacement rates (26.7% vs 44.1%, p<0.001) and higher mortality rates (60.0% vs 43.1%, p<0.001) as compared with patients with concordant grading. Discordant grading moderate AS, combined with low LV ejection fraction, presented the higher risk of mortality (HR 2.78 (2.00–3.87), p<0.001).ConclusionDiscordant-grading moderate AS is not uncommon and, when combined with low LV ejection fraction, is associated with high risk of mortality.

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Kiliç, T., M. N. Pamir, S. Budd, M. M. Ozek, and C. Erzen. "Grading and hemodynamic follow-up study of arteriovenous malformations with transcranial Doppler ultrasonography." Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine 17, no. 12 (December 1998): 729–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.7863/jum.1998.17.12.729.

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Lara, Arturo A., Gerardo Trujano, and Alejandro Garcia-Garnica. "Modular production and technological up-grading in the automotive industry: a case study." International Journal of Automotive Technology and Management 5, no. 2 (2005): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijatm.2005.007183.

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Mochida, Isao, Kinya Sakanishi, Yozo Korai, and Hiroshi Fujitsu. "Two-stage catalytic up-grading of vacuum residue of a Wandoan coal liquid." Fuel 65, no. 8 (August 1986): 1090–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(86)90174-2.

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Vascellari, M., M. Giantin, K. Capello, A. Carminato, E. M. Morello, A. Vercelli, A. Granato, P. Buracco, M. Dacasto, and F. Mutinelli. "Expression of Ki67, BCL-2, and COX-2 in Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors." Veterinary Pathology 50, no. 1 (June 6, 2012): 110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985812447829.

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The expression of Ki67, BCL-2, and COX-2 was investigated in 53 canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) by immunohistochemistry and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to evaluate their prognostic significance and the association with the histologic grading and the mitotic index (MI). MCTs were graded according to the Patnaik grading system and the novel 2-tier grading system proposed by Kiupel. The numbers of mitotic figures/10 high-power fields (MI) were counted. Both grading systems were significantly associated with prognosis. The Patnaik grading was of limited prognostic value for grade 2 MCTs, with 23% being associated with mortality. The concordance among pathologists was strongly improved by the application of the 2-tier grading system, and 71% of high-grade MCTs were associated with a high mortality rate. MI and Ki67 protein expression were significantly associated with grading and survival. No significant association between BCL-2 protein expression and either grading system or health status was observed. BCL-2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in grade 2 than in grade 1 MCTs, while no statistically significant differences were detected between low- and high-grade MCTs. The increased BCL-2 mRNA level was significantly associated with increased mortality rate. The COX-2 protein expression was detected in 78% of the MCTs investigated. However, neither association with the tumor grade nor with the health status was observed. COX-2 mRNA was significantly up-regulated in MCTs compared to surgical margins and control skin tissue, but it was neither associated with tumor grade nor with survival.

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Zhang, Wei, and Feng Chen. "Impacts of Grading Rule on Urban Thermal Landscape Pattern Research." Sustainability 10, no. 7 (July 18, 2018): 2514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10072514.

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The thermodynamic landscape method is becoming a more popular approach for urban heat island research with the development of remote sensing technology. However, a limited amount of research discusses the theoretical and methodological issues of this method. This paper analyzed the reliability and stability of the results of thermal landscape pattern analysis with six different grading rules through surface temperature retrieval, landscape pattern analysis, and Geographic Information System (GIS) spatial analysis. The results demonstrate the following points. (1) The six grading methods can be categorized into two types: pixel number methods and temperature range methods. The grading results of the two kinds of methods lack comparability, whereas the grading results within one kind of method have high comparability. The temperature range methods have good consistency. The average value of the consistency indices (Si) of thermal landscape levels reaches up to 81.55%. The anomaly temperature method and standard deviation method are recommended for future research. (2) The grading rule significantly affects the stability of landscape indices, and its average variation coefficient reaches up to 22.36%. The authors suggest the use of landscape indices that have strong stability, such as shape index and landscape division index, in future research. (3) The results of the sensitivity analysis show that the change of the temperature range of thermal landscape levels affects landscape indices slightly, whereas the effect of the change of the level number of thermal landscapes on landscape indices is intense. The authors suggest categorizing the thermal landscape into six levels in future research in order to enhance the consistency and comparability among case studies.

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Strauss, Edna, Paulo Sakai, Luiz Carlos da Costa Gayotto, Rita Antonelli Cardoso, Sonia Forster, and Silvano Raia. "Size of gastroesophageal varices: its behavior after the surgical treatment of portal hypertension." Revista do Hospital das Clínicas 54, no. 6 (December 1999): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0041-87811999000600005.

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The size of gastroesophageal varices is one of the most important factors leading to hemorrhage related to portal hypertension. An endoscopic evaluation of the size of gastroesophageal varices before and after different operations for portal hypertension was performed in 73 patients with schistosomiasis, as part of a randomized trial: proximal splenorenal shunt (PSS n=24), distal splenorenal shunt (DSS n=24), and esophagogastric devascularization with splenectomy (EGDS n=25). The endoscopic evaluation was performed before and up to 10 years after the operations. Variceal size was graded according to Palmer's classification: grade 1 -- up to 3 mm, grade 2 -- from 3 to 6 mm, grade 3 -- greater than 6 mm, and were analyzed in four anatomical locations: inferior, middle or superior third of the esophagus, and proximal stomach. The total number of points in the pre-operative grading minus the number of points in the post-operative grading gave a differential grading, allowing statistical comparison among the surgical groups. Good results, in terms of disappearance or decrease of variceal size, were observed more frequently after PSS than after DSS or EGDS - 95.8%, 83.3%, and 72%, respectively. When differential grading was analyzed, a statistically significant difference was observed between PSS and EGDS, but not between proximal and distal splenorenal shunts. In conclusion, shunt surgeries were more efficient than devascularization in diminishing variceal size.

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Mohamad Sehmi, Muhammad Nurmahir, Mohammad Faizal Ahmad Fauzi, Wan Siti Halimatul Munirah Wan Ahmad, and Elaine Wan Ling Chan. "Pancreatic cancer grading in pathological images using deep learning convolutional neural networks." F1000Research 10 (October 18, 2021): 1057. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.73161.1.

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Background: Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest forms of cancer. The cancer grades define how aggressively the cancer will spread and give indication for doctors to make proper prognosis and treatment. The current method of pancreatic cancer grading, by means of manual examination of the cancerous tissue following a biopsy, is time consuming and often results in misdiagnosis and thus incorrect treatment. This paper presents an automated grading system for pancreatic cancer from pathology images developed by comparing deep learning models on two different pathological stains. Methods: A transfer-learning technique was adopted by testing the method on 14 different ImageNet pre-trained models. The models were fine-tuned to be trained with our dataset. Results: From the experiment, DenseNet models appeared to be the best at classifying the validation set with up to 95.61% accuracy in grading pancreatic cancer despite the small sample set. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in grading pancreatic cancer based on pathology images. Previous works have either focused only on detection (benign or malignant), or on radiology images (computerized tomography [CT], magnetic resonance imaging [MRI] etc.). The proposed system can be very useful to pathologists in facilitating an automated or semi-automated cancer grading system, which can address the problems found in manual grading.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Up-grading'

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